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---
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language: en
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datasets:
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- librispeech_asr
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tags:
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- speech
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- audio
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- automatic-speech-recognition
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- hf-asr-leaderboard
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license: mit
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pipeline_tag: automatic-speech-recognition
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widget:
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- example_title: Librispeech sample 1
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src: https://cdn-media.huggingface.co/speech_samples/sample1.flac
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- example_title: Librispeech sample 2
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src: https://cdn-media.huggingface.co/speech_samples/sample2.flac
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model-index:
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- name: s2t-small-librispeech-asr
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results:
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- task:
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name: Automatic Speech Recognition
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type: automatic-speech-recognition
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dataset:
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name: LibriSpeech (clean)
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type: librispeech_asr
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config: clean
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split: test
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args:
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language: en
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metrics:
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- name: Test WER
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type: wer
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value: 4.3
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- task:
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name: Automatic Speech Recognition
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type: automatic-speech-recognition
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dataset:
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name: LibriSpeech (other)
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type: librispeech_asr
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config: other
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split: test
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args:
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language: en
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metrics:
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- name: Test WER
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type: wer
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value: 9.0
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---
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# S2T-SMALL-LIBRISPEECH-ASR
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`s2t-small-librispeech-asr` is a Speech to Text Transformer (S2T) model trained for automatic speech recognition (ASR).
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The S2T model was proposed in [this paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.05171) and released in
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[this repository](https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/speech_to_text)
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## Model description
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S2T is an end-to-end sequence-to-sequence transformer model. It is trained with standard
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autoregressive cross-entropy loss and generates the transcripts autoregressively.
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## Intended uses & limitations
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This model can be used for end-to-end speech recognition (ASR).
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See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?filter=speech_to_text) to look for other S2T checkpoints.
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### How to use
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As this a standard sequence to sequence transformer model, you can use the `generate` method to generate the
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transcripts by passing the speech features to the model.
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*Note: The `Speech2TextProcessor` object uses [torchaudio](https://github.com/pytorch/audio) to extract the
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filter bank features. Make sure to install the `torchaudio` package before running this example.*
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*Note: The feature extractor depends on [torchaudio](https://github.com/pytorch/audio) and the tokenizer depends on [sentencepiece](https://github.com/google/sentencepiece)
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so be sure to install those packages before running the examples.*
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You could either install those as extra speech dependancies with
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`pip install transformers"[speech, sentencepiece]"` or install the packages seperatly
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with `pip install torchaudio sentencepiece`.
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```python
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import torch
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from transformers import Speech2TextProcessor, Speech2TextForConditionalGeneration
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from datasets import load_dataset
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model = Speech2TextForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("facebook/s2t-small-librispeech-asr")
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processor = Speech2TextProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/s2t-small-librispeech-asr")
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ds = load_dataset(
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"patrickvonplaten/librispeech_asr_dummy",
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"clean",
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split="validation"
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)
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input_features = processor(
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ds[0]["audio"]["array"],
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sampling_rate=16_000,
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return_tensors="pt"
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).input_features # Batch size 1
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generated_ids = model.generate(input_ids=input_features)
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transcription = processor.batch_decode(generated_ids)
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```
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#### Evaluation on LibriSpeech Test
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The following script shows how to evaluate this model on the [LibriSpeech](https://huggingface.co/datasets/librispeech_asr)
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*"clean"* and *"other"* test dataset.
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset, load_metric
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from transformers import Speech2TextForConditionalGeneration, Speech2TextProcessor
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librispeech_eval = load_dataset("librispeech_asr", "clean", split="test") # change to "other" for other test dataset
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wer = load_metric("wer")
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model = Speech2TextForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("facebook/s2t-small-librispeech-asr").to("cuda")
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processor = Speech2TextProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/s2t-small-librispeech-asr", do_upper_case=True)
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librispeech_eval = librispeech_eval.map(map_to_array)
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def map_to_pred(batch):
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features = processor(batch["audio"]["array"], sampling_rate=16000, padding=True, return_tensors="pt")
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input_features = features.input_features.to("cuda")
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attention_mask = features.attention_mask.to("cuda")
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gen_tokens = model.generate(input_ids=input_features, attention_mask=attention_mask)
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batch["transcription"] = processor.batch_decode(gen_tokens, skip_special_tokens=True)
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return batch
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result = librispeech_eval.map(map_to_pred, batched=True, batch_size=8, remove_columns=["speech"])
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print("WER:", wer(predictions=result["transcription"], references=result["text"]))
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```
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*Result (WER)*:
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| "clean" | "other" |
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|:-------:|:-------:|
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| 4.3 | 9.0 |
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## Training data
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The S2T-SMALL-LIBRISPEECH-ASR is trained on [LibriSpeech ASR Corpus](https://www.openslr.org/12), a dataset consisting of
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approximately 1000 hours of 16kHz read English speech.
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## Training procedure
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### Preprocessing
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The speech data is pre-processed by extracting Kaldi-compliant 80-channel log mel-filter bank features automatically from
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WAV/FLAC audio files via PyKaldi or torchaudio. Further utterance-level CMVN (cepstral mean and variance normalization)
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is applied to each example.
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The texts are lowercased and tokenized using SentencePiece and a vocabulary size of 10,000.
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### Training
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The model is trained with standard autoregressive cross-entropy loss and using [SpecAugment](https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.08779).
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The encoder receives speech features, and the decoder generates the transcripts autoregressively.
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### BibTeX entry and citation info
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{wang2020fairseqs2t,
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title = {fairseq S2T: Fast Speech-to-Text Modeling with fairseq},
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author = {Changhan Wang and Yun Tang and Xutai Ma and Anne Wu and Dmytro Okhonko and Juan Pino},
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booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2020 Conference of the Asian Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (AACL): System Demonstrations},
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year = {2020},
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}
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```
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