---
library_name: transformers
license: apache-2.0
license_link: https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B/blob/main/LICENSE
pipeline_tag: text-generation
base_model:
- Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B-Base
---
# Qwen3-0.6B GGUF Models
## Model Generation Details
This model was generated using [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp) at commit [`e291450`](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/commit/e291450b7602d7a36239e4ceeece37625f838373).
## **Choosing the Right Model Format**
Selecting the correct model format depends on your **hardware capabilities** and **memory constraints**.
### **BF16 (Brain Float 16) β Use if BF16 acceleration is available**
- A 16-bit floating-point format designed for **faster computation** while retaining good precision.
- Provides **similar dynamic range** as FP32 but with **lower memory usage**.
- Recommended if your hardware supports **BF16 acceleration** (check your device's specs).
- Ideal for **high-performance inference** with **reduced memory footprint** compared to FP32.
π **Use BF16 if:**
β Your hardware has native **BF16 support** (e.g., newer GPUs, TPUs).
β You want **higher precision** while saving memory.
β You plan to **requantize** the model into another format.
π **Avoid BF16 if:**
β Your hardware does **not** support BF16 (it may fall back to FP32 and run slower).
β You need compatibility with older devices that lack BF16 optimization.
---
### **F16 (Float 16) β More widely supported than BF16**
- A 16-bit floating-point **high precision** but with less of range of values than BF16.
- Works on most devices with **FP16 acceleration support** (including many GPUs and some CPUs).
- Slightly lower numerical precision than BF16 but generally sufficient for inference.
π **Use F16 if:**
β Your hardware supports **FP16** but **not BF16**.
β You need a **balance between speed, memory usage, and accuracy**.
β You are running on a **GPU** or another device optimized for FP16 computations.
π **Avoid F16 if:**
β Your device lacks **native FP16 support** (it may run slower than expected).
β You have memory limitations.
---
### **Quantized Models (Q4_K, Q6_K, Q8, etc.) β For CPU & Low-VRAM Inference**
Quantization reduces model size and memory usage while maintaining as much accuracy as possible.
- **Lower-bit models (Q4_K)** β **Best for minimal memory usage**, may have lower precision.
- **Higher-bit models (Q6_K, Q8_0)** β **Better accuracy**, requires more memory.
π **Use Quantized Models if:**
β You are running inference on a **CPU** and need an optimized model.
β Your device has **low VRAM** and cannot load full-precision models.
β You want to reduce **memory footprint** while keeping reasonable accuracy.
π **Avoid Quantized Models if:**
β You need **maximum accuracy** (full-precision models are better for this).
β Your hardware has enough VRAM for higher-precision formats (BF16/F16).
---
### **Very Low-Bit Quantization (IQ3_XS, IQ3_S, IQ3_M, Q4_K, Q4_0)**
These models are optimized for **extreme memory efficiency**, making them ideal for **low-power devices** or **large-scale deployments** where memory is a critical constraint.
- **IQ3_XS**: Ultra-low-bit quantization (3-bit) with **extreme memory efficiency**.
- **Use case**: Best for **ultra-low-memory devices** where even Q4_K is too large.
- **Trade-off**: Lower accuracy compared to higher-bit quantizations.
- **IQ3_S**: Small block size for **maximum memory efficiency**.
- **Use case**: Best for **low-memory devices** where **IQ3_XS** is too aggressive.
- **IQ3_M**: Medium block size for better accuracy than **IQ3_S**.
- **Use case**: Suitable for **low-memory devices** where **IQ3_S** is too limiting.
- **Q4_K**: 4-bit quantization with **block-wise optimization** for better accuracy.
- **Use case**: Best for **low-memory devices** where **Q6_K** is too large.
- **Q4_0**: Pure 4-bit quantization, optimized for **ARM devices**.
- **Use case**: Best for **ARM-based devices** or **low-memory environments**.
---
### **Summary Table: Model Format Selection**
| Model Format | Precision | Memory Usage | Device Requirements | Best Use Case |
|--------------|------------|---------------|----------------------|---------------|
| **BF16** | Highest | High | BF16-supported GPU/CPUs | High-speed inference with reduced memory |
| **F16** | High | High | FP16-supported devices | GPU inference when BF16 isn't available |
| **Q4_K** | Medium Low | Low | CPU or Low-VRAM devices | Best for memory-constrained environments |
| **Q6_K** | Medium | Moderate | CPU with more memory | Better accuracy while still being quantized |
| **Q8_0** | High | Moderate | CPU or GPU with enough VRAM | Best accuracy among quantized models |
| **IQ3_XS** | Very Low | Very Low | Ultra-low-memory devices | Extreme memory efficiency and low accuracy |
| **Q4_0** | Low | Low | ARM or low-memory devices | llama.cpp can optimize for ARM devices |
---
## **Included Files & Details**
### `Qwen3-0.6B-bf16.gguf`
- Model weights preserved in **BF16**.
- Use this if you want to **requantize** the model into a different format.
- Best if your device supports **BF16 acceleration**.
### `Qwen3-0.6B-f16.gguf`
- Model weights stored in **F16**.
- Use if your device supports **FP16**, especially if BF16 is not available.
### `Qwen3-0.6B-bf16-q8_0.gguf`
- **Output & embeddings** remain in **BF16**.
- All other layers quantized to **Q8_0**.
- Use if your device supports **BF16** and you want a quantized version.
### `Qwen3-0.6B-f16-q8_0.gguf`
- **Output & embeddings** remain in **F16**.
- All other layers quantized to **Q8_0**.
### `Qwen3-0.6B-q4_k.gguf`
- **Output & embeddings** quantized to **Q8_0**.
- All other layers quantized to **Q4_K**.
- Good for **CPU inference** with limited memory.
### `Qwen3-0.6B-q4_k_s.gguf`
- Smallest **Q4_K** variant, using less memory at the cost of accuracy.
- Best for **very low-memory setups**.
### `Qwen3-0.6B-q6_k.gguf`
- **Output & embeddings** quantized to **Q8_0**.
- All other layers quantized to **Q6_K** .
### `Qwen3-0.6B-q8_0.gguf`
- Fully **Q8** quantized model for better accuracy.
- Requires **more memory** but offers higher precision.
### `Qwen3-0.6B-iq3_xs.gguf`
- **IQ3_XS** quantization, optimized for **extreme memory efficiency**.
- Best for **ultra-low-memory devices**.
### `Qwen3-0.6B-iq3_m.gguf`
- **IQ3_M** quantization, offering a **medium block size** for better accuracy.
- Suitable for **low-memory devices**.
### `Qwen3-0.6B-q4_0.gguf`
- Pure **Q4_0** quantization, optimized for **ARM devices**.
- Best for **low-memory environments**.
- Prefer IQ4_NL for better accuracy.
# π If you find these models useful
β€ **Please click "Like" if you find this useful!**
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π [Quantum Network Monitor](https://readyforquantum.com/dashboard)
π¬ **How to test**:
1. Click the **chat icon** (bottom right on any page)
2. Choose an **AI assistant type**:
- `TurboLLM` (GPT-4-mini)
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Iβm pushing the limits of **small open-source models for AI network monitoring**, specifically:
- **Function calling** against live network services
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I fund the servers to create the models files, run the Quantum Network Monitor Service and Pay for Inference from Novita and OpenAI all from my own pocket. All of the code for creating the models and the work I have done with Quantum Network Monitor is [open source](https://github.com/Mungert69). Feel free to use what you find useful. Please support my work and consider [buying me a coffee](https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mahadeva) .
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Thank you :)
# Qwen3-0.6B
## Qwen3 Highlights
Qwen3 is the latest generation of large language models in Qwen series, offering a comprehensive suite of dense and mixture-of-experts (MoE) models. Built upon extensive training, Qwen3 delivers groundbreaking advancements in reasoning, instruction-following, agent capabilities, and multilingual support, with the following key features:
- **Uniquely support of seamless switching between thinking mode** (for complex logical reasoning, math, and coding) and **non-thinking mode** (for efficient, general-purpose dialogue) **within single model**, ensuring optimal performance across various scenarios.
- **Significantly enhancement in its reasoning capabilities**, surpassing previous QwQ (in thinking mode) and Qwen2.5 instruct models (in non-thinking mode) on mathematics, code generation, and commonsense logical reasoning.
- **Superior human preference alignment**, excelling in creative writing, role-playing, multi-turn dialogues, and instruction following, to deliver a more natural, engaging, and immersive conversational experience.
- **Expertise in agent capabilities**, enabling precise integration with external tools in both thinking and unthinking modes and achieving leading performance among open-source models in complex agent-based tasks.
- **Support of 100+ languages and dialects** with strong capabilities for **multilingual instruction following** and **translation**.
## Model Overview
**Qwen3-0.6B** has the following features:
- Type: Causal Language Models
- Training Stage: Pretraining & Post-training
- Number of Parameters: 0.6B
- Number of Paramaters (Non-Embedding): 0.44B
- Number of Layers: 28
- Number of Attention Heads (GQA): 16 for Q and 8 for KV
- Context Length: 32,768
For more details, including benchmark evaluation, hardware requirements, and inference performance, please refer to our [blog](https://qwenlm.github.io/blog/qwen3/), [GitHub](https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen3), and [Documentation](https://qwen.readthedocs.io/en/latest/).
> [!TIP]
> If you encounter significant endless repetitions, please refer to the [Best Practices](#best-practices) section for optimal sampling parameters, and set the ``presence_penalty`` to 1.5.
## Quickstart
The code of Qwen3 has been in the latest Hugging Face `transformers` and we advise you to use the latest version of `transformers`.
With `transformers<4.51.0`, you will encounter the following error:
```
KeyError: 'qwen3'
```
The following contains a code snippet illustrating how to use the model generate content based on given inputs.
```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
model_name = "Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B"
# load the tokenizer and the model
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
model_name,
torch_dtype="auto",
device_map="auto"
)
# prepare the model input
prompt = "Give me a short introduction to large language model."
messages = [
{"role": "user", "content": prompt}
]
text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
messages,
tokenize=False,
add_generation_prompt=True,
enable_thinking=True # Switches between thinking and non-thinking modes. Default is True.
)
model_inputs = tokenizer([text], return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
# conduct text completion
generated_ids = model.generate(
**model_inputs,
max_new_tokens=32768
)
output_ids = generated_ids[0][len(model_inputs.input_ids[0]):].tolist()
# parsing thinking content
try:
# rindex finding 151668 ()
index = len(output_ids) - output_ids[::-1].index(151668)
except ValueError:
index = 0
thinking_content = tokenizer.decode(output_ids[:index], skip_special_tokens=True).strip("\n")
content = tokenizer.decode(output_ids[index:], skip_special_tokens=True).strip("\n")
print("thinking content:", thinking_content)
print("content:", content)
```
For deployment, you can use `sglang>=0.4.6.post1` or `vllm>=0.8.5` or to create an OpenAI-compatible API endpoint:
- SGLang:
```shell
python -m sglang.launch_server --model-path Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B --reasoning-parser qwen3
```
- vLLM:
```shell
vllm serve Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B --enable-reasoning --reasoning-parser deepseek_r1
```
For local use, applications such as Ollama, LMStudio, MLX-LM, llama.cpp, and KTransformers have also supported Qwen3.
## Switching Between Thinking and Non-Thinking Mode
> [!TIP]
> The `enable_thinking` switch is also available in APIs created by SGLang and vLLM.
> Please refer to our documentation for [SGLang](https://qwen.readthedocs.io/en/latest/deployment/sglang.html#thinking-non-thinking-modes) and [vLLM](https://qwen.readthedocs.io/en/latest/deployment/vllm.html#thinking-non-thinking-modes) users.
### `enable_thinking=True`
By default, Qwen3 has thinking capabilities enabled, similar to QwQ-32B. This means the model will use its reasoning abilities to enhance the quality of generated responses. For example, when explicitly setting `enable_thinking=True` or leaving it as the default value in `tokenizer.apply_chat_template`, the model will engage its thinking mode.
```python
text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
messages,
tokenize=False,
add_generation_prompt=True,
enable_thinking=True # True is the default value for enable_thinking
)
```
In this mode, the model will generate think content wrapped in a `...` block, followed by the final response.
> [!NOTE]
> For thinking mode, use `Temperature=0.6`, `TopP=0.95`, `TopK=20`, and `MinP=0` (the default setting in `generation_config.json`). **DO NOT use greedy decoding**, as it can lead to performance degradation and endless repetitions. For more detailed guidance, please refer to the [Best Practices](#best-practices) section.
### `enable_thinking=False`
We provide a hard switch to strictly disable the model's thinking behavior, aligning its functionality with the previous Qwen2.5-Instruct models. This mode is particularly useful in scenarios where disabling thinking is essential for enhancing efficiency.
```python
text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
messages,
tokenize=False,
add_generation_prompt=True,
enable_thinking=False # Setting enable_thinking=False disables thinking mode
)
```
In this mode, the model will not generate any think content and will not include a `...` block.
> [!NOTE]
> For non-thinking mode, we suggest using `Temperature=0.7`, `TopP=0.8`, `TopK=20`, and `MinP=0`. For more detailed guidance, please refer to the [Best Practices](#best-practices) section.
### Advanced Usage: Switching Between Thinking and Non-Thinking Modes via User Input
We provide a soft switch mechanism that allows users to dynamically control the model's behavior when `enable_thinking=True`. Specifically, you can add `/think` and `/no_think` to user prompts or system messages to switch the model's thinking mode from turn to turn. The model will follow the most recent instruction in multi-turn conversations.
Here is an example of a multi-turn conversation:
```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
class QwenChatbot:
def __init__(self, model_name="Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B"):
self.tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
self.model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name)
self.history = []
def generate_response(self, user_input):
messages = self.history + [{"role": "user", "content": user_input}]
text = self.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
messages,
tokenize=False,
add_generation_prompt=True
)
inputs = self.tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt")
response_ids = self.model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=32768)[0][len(inputs.input_ids[0]):].tolist()
response = self.tokenizer.decode(response_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
# Update history
self.history.append({"role": "user", "content": user_input})
self.history.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response})
return response
# Example Usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
chatbot = QwenChatbot()
# First input (without /think or /no_think tags, thinking mode is enabled by default)
user_input_1 = "How many r's in strawberries?"
print(f"User: {user_input_1}")
response_1 = chatbot.generate_response(user_input_1)
print(f"Bot: {response_1}")
print("----------------------")
# Second input with /no_think
user_input_2 = "Then, how many r's in blueberries? /no_think"
print(f"User: {user_input_2}")
response_2 = chatbot.generate_response(user_input_2)
print(f"Bot: {response_2}")
print("----------------------")
# Third input with /think
user_input_3 = "Really? /think"
print(f"User: {user_input_3}")
response_3 = chatbot.generate_response(user_input_3)
print(f"Bot: {response_3}")
```
> [!NOTE]
> For API compatibility, when `enable_thinking=True`, regardless of whether the user uses `/think` or `/no_think`, the model will always output a block wrapped in `...`. However, the content inside this block may be empty if thinking is disabled.
> When `enable_thinking=False`, the soft switches are not valid. Regardless of any `/think` or `/no_think` tags input by the user, the model will not generate think content and will not include a `...` block.
## Agentic Use
Qwen3 excels in tool calling capabilities. We recommend using [Qwen-Agent](https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen-Agent) to make the best use of agentic ability of Qwen3. Qwen-Agent encapsulates tool-calling templates and tool-calling parsers internally, greatly reducing coding complexity.
To define the available tools, you can use the MCP configuration file, use the integrated tool of Qwen-Agent, or integrate other tools by yourself.
```python
from qwen_agent.agents import Assistant
# Define LLM
llm_cfg = {
'model': 'Qwen3-0.6B',
# Use the endpoint provided by Alibaba Model Studio:
# 'model_type': 'qwen_dashscope',
# 'api_key': os.getenv('DASHSCOPE_API_KEY'),
# Use a custom endpoint compatible with OpenAI API:
'model_server': 'http://localhost:8000/v1', # api_base
'api_key': 'EMPTY',
# Other parameters:
# 'generate_cfg': {
# # Add: When the response content is `this is the thoughtthis is the answer;
# # Do not add: When the response has been separated by reasoning_content and content.
# 'thought_in_content': True,
# },
}
# Define Tools
tools = [
{'mcpServers': { # You can specify the MCP configuration file
'time': {
'command': 'uvx',
'args': ['mcp-server-time', '--local-timezone=Asia/Shanghai']
},
"fetch": {
"command": "uvx",
"args": ["mcp-server-fetch"]
}
}
},
'code_interpreter', # Built-in tools
]
# Define Agent
bot = Assistant(llm=llm_cfg, function_list=tools)
# Streaming generation
messages = [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'https://qwenlm.github.io/blog/ Introduce the latest developments of Qwen'}]
for responses in bot.run(messages=messages):
pass
print(responses)
```
## Best Practices
To achieve optimal performance, we recommend the following settings:
1. **Sampling Parameters**:
- For thinking mode (`enable_thinking=True`), use `Temperature=0.6`, `TopP=0.95`, `TopK=20`, and `MinP=0`. **DO NOT use greedy decoding**, as it can lead to performance degradation and endless repetitions.
- For non-thinking mode (`enable_thinking=False`), we suggest using `Temperature=0.7`, `TopP=0.8`, `TopK=20`, and `MinP=0`.
- For supported frameworks, you can adjust the `presence_penalty` parameter between 0 and 2 to reduce endless repetitions. However, using a higher value may occasionally result in language mixing and a slight decrease in model performance.
2. **Adequate Output Length**: We recommend using an output length of 32,768 tokens for most queries. For benchmarking on highly complex problems, such as those found in math and programming competitions, we suggest setting the max output length to 38,912 tokens. This provides the model with sufficient space to generate detailed and comprehensive responses, thereby enhancing its overall performance.
3. **Standardize Output Format**: We recommend using prompts to standardize model outputs when benchmarking.
- **Math Problems**: Include "Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{}." in the prompt.
- **Multiple-Choice Questions**: Add the following JSON structure to the prompt to standardize responses: "Please show your choice in the `answer` field with only the choice letter, e.g., `"answer": "C"`."
4. **No Thinking Content in History**: In multi-turn conversations, the historical model output should only include the final output part and does not need to include the thinking content. It is implemented in the provided chat template in Jinja2. However, for frameworks that do not directly use the Jinja2 chat template, it is up to the developers to ensure that the best practice is followed.
### Citation
If you find our work helpful, feel free to give us a cite.
```
@misc{qwen3,
title = {Qwen3},
url = {https://qwenlm.github.io/blog/qwen3/},
author = {Qwen Team},
month = {April},
year = {2025}
}
```