---
language:
- vi
library_name: transformers
license: mit
pipeline_tag: text-classification
tags:
- SemViQA
- three-class-classification
- fact-checking
---

# SemViQA-TC: Vietnamese Three-class Classification for Claim Verification  

## Model Description  

**SemViQA-TC** is one of the key components of the **SemViQA** system, designed for **three-class classification** in Vietnamese fact-checking. This model classifies a given claim into one of three categories: **SUPPORTED**, **REFUTED**, or **NOT ENOUGH INFORMATION (NEI)** based on retrieved evidence.

### **Model Information**  
- **Developed by:** [SemViQA Research Team](https://huggingface.co/SemViQA)  
- **Fine-tuned model:** [XLM-R](https://huggingface.co/FacebookAI/xlm-roberta-large)  
- **Supported Language:** Vietnamese  
- **Task:** Three-Class Classification (Fact Verification)  
- **Dataset:** [ViWikiFC](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.07615)  

SemViQA-TC serves as the **first step in the two-step classification process** of the SemViQA system. It initially categorizes claims into three classes: **SUPPORTED, REFUTED, or NEI**. For claims classified as **SUPPORTED** or **REFUTED**, a secondary **binary classification model (SemViQA-BC)** further refines the prediction. This hierarchical classification strategy enhances the accuracy of fact verification.

## Usage Example

Direct Model Usage
```Python
# Install semviqa
!pip install semviqa

# Initalize a pipeline
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from transformers import AutoTokenizer
from semviqa.tvc.model import ClaimModelForClassification

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("SemViQA/tc-xlmr-viwikifc")
model = ClaimModelForClassification.from_pretrained("SemViQA/tc-xlmr-viwikifc")
claim = "Chiến tranh với Campuchia đã kết thúc trước khi Việt Nam thống nhất."
evidence = "Sau khi thống nhất, Việt Nam tiếp tục gặp khó khăn do sự sụp đổ và tan rã của đồng minh Liên Xô cùng Khối phía Đông, các lệnh cấm vận của Hoa Kỳ, chiến tranh với Campuchia, biên giới giáp Trung Quốc và hậu quả của chính sách bao cấp sau nhiều năm áp dụng."

inputs = tokenizer(
    claim,
    evidence,
    truncation="only_second",
    add_special_tokens=True,
    max_length=256,
    padding='max_length',
    return_attention_mask=True,
    return_token_type_ids=False,
    return_tensors='pt',
)

labels = ["NEI", "SUPPORTED", "REFUTED"]

with torch.no_grad():
    outputs = model(**inputs)

logits = outputs["logits"]
probabilities = F.softmax(logits, dim=1).squeeze()

for i, (label, prob) in enumerate(zip(labels, probabilities.tolist()), start=1):
    print(f"{i}) {label} {prob:.4f}")
# 1) NEI 0.0091
# 2) SUPPORTED 0.0014
# 3) REFUTED 0.9894
```

## **Evaluation Results**

SemViQA-TC is one of the key components of the two-step classification (TVC) approach in the SemViQA system. SemViQA-TC achieved impressive results on the test set, demonstrating accurate and efficient classification capabilities. The detailed evaluation of SemViQA-TC is presented in the table below.

<table> 
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th colspan="2">Method</th>
      <th colspan="4">ViWikiFC</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>ER</th>
      <th>VC</th>
      <th>Strict Acc</th>
      <th>VC Acc</th>
      <th>ER Acc</th>
      <th>Time (s)</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td rowspan="3">TF-IDF</td>
      <td>InfoXLM<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>75.56</td>
      <td>82.21</td>
      <td>90.15</td>
      <td>131</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>XLM-R<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>76.47</td>
      <td>82.78</td>
      <td>90.15</td>
      <td>134</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Ernie-M<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>75.56</td>
      <td>81.83</td>
      <td>90.15</td>
      <td>144</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td rowspan="3">BM25</td>
      <td>InfoXLM<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>70.44</td>
      <td>79.01</td>
      <td>83.50</td>
      <td>130</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>XLM-R<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>70.97</td>
      <td>78.91</td>
      <td>83.50</td>
      <td>132</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Ernie-M<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>70.21</td>
      <td>78.29</td>
      <td>83.50</td>
      <td>141</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td rowspan="3">SBert</td>
      <td>InfoXLM<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>74.99</td>
      <td>81.59</td>
      <td>89.72</td>
      <td>195</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>XLM-R<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>75.80</td>
      <td>82.35</td>
      <td>89.72</td>
      <td>194</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Ernie-M<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>75.13</td>
      <td>81.44</td>
      <td>89.72</td>
      <td>203</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th colspan="1">QA-based approaches</th>
      <th colspan="1">VC</th>
      <th colspan="4"></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td rowspan="3">ViMRC<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>InfoXLM<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>77.28</td>
      <td>81.97</td>
      <td>92.49</td>
      <td>3778</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>XLM-R<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>78.29</td>
      <td>82.83</td>
      <td>92.49</td>
      <td>3824</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Ernie-M<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>77.38</td>
      <td>81.92</td>
      <td>92.49</td>
      <td>3785</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td rowspan="3">InfoXLM<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>InfoXLM<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>78.14</td>
      <td>82.07</td>
      <td>93.45</td>
      <td>4092</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>XLM-R<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>79.20</td>
      <td>83.07</td>
      <td>93.45</td>
      <td>4096</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Ernie-M<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>78.24</td>
      <td>82.21</td>
      <td>93.45</td>
      <td>4102</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th colspan="2">LLM</th> 
      <th colspan="4"></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="2">Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct</td>
      <td>51.03</td>
      <td>65.18</td>
      <td>78.96</td>
      <td>7665</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="2">Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct</td>
      <td>44.38</td>
      <td>62.31</td>
      <td>71.35</td>
      <td>12123</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th colspan="1">LLM</th>
      <th colspan="1">VC</th>
      <th colspan="4"></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td rowspan="3">Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct</td>
      <td>InfoXLM<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>66.14</td>
      <td>76.47</td>
      <td>78.96</td>
      <td>7788</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>XLM-R<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>67.67</td>
      <td>78.10</td>
      <td>78.96</td>
      <td>7789</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Ernie-M<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>66.52</td>
      <td>76.52</td>
      <td>78.96</td>
      <td>7794</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td rowspan="3">Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct</td>
      <td>InfoXLM<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>59.88</td>
      <td>72.50</td>
      <td>71.35</td>
      <td>12246</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>XLM-R<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>60.74</td>
      <td>73.08</td>
      <td>71.35</td>
      <td>12246</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Ernie-M<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>60.02</td>
      <td>72.21</td>
      <td>71.35</td>
      <td>12251</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th colspan="1">SER Faster (ours)</th>
      <th colspan="1">TVC (ours)</th>
      <th colspan="4"></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>TF-IDF + ViMRC<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>Ernie-M<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td style="color:blue">79.44</td>
      <td style="color:blue">82.93</td>
      <td style="color:blue">94.60</td>
      <td style="color:blue">410</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>TF-IDF + InfoXLM<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>Ernie-M<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td style="color:blue">79.77</td>
      <td style="color:blue">83.07</td>
      <td style="color:blue">95.03</td>
      <td style="color:blue">487</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th colspan="1">SER (ours)</th>
      <th colspan="1">TVC (ours)</th>
      <th colspan="4"></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td rowspan="3">TF-IDF + ViMRC<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>InfoXLM<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>80.25</td>
      <td>83.84</td>
      <td>94.69</td>
      <td>2731</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>XLM-R<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>80.34</td>
      <td>83.64</td>
      <td>94.69</td>
      <td>2733</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Ernie-M<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>79.53</td>
      <td>82.97</td>
      <td>94.69</td>
      <td>2733</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td rowspan="3">TF-IDF + InfoXLM<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>InfoXLM<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>80.68</td>
      <td><strong>83.98</strong></td>
      <td><strong>95.31</strong></td>
      <td>3860</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>XLM-R<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td><strong>80.82</strong></td>
      <td>83.88</td>
      <td><strong>95.31</strong></td>
      <td>3843</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Ernie-M<sub>large</sub></td>
      <td>80.06</td>
      <td>83.17</td>
      <td><strong>95.31</strong></td>
      <td>3891</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

## **Citation**

If you use **SemViQA-TC** in your research, please cite:

```bibtex
@misc{tran2025semviqasemanticquestionanswering,
      title={SemViQA: A Semantic Question Answering System for Vietnamese Information Fact-Checking}, 
      author={Dien X. Tran and Nam V. Nguyen and Thanh T. Tran and Anh T. Hoang and Tai V. Duong and Di T. Le and Phuc-Lu Le},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2503.00955},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.00955}, 
}
```

🔗 **Paper Link:** [SemViQA on arXiv](https://hf.co/papers/2503.00955)  
🔗 **Source Code:** [GitHub - SemViQA](https://github.com/DAVID-NGUYEN-S16/SemViQA)