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Apache-2.0 license; model card with badges, affiliations, teaser and results

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  models/9b_s1_1600h_gs6736/tokenizer.json filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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  models/9b_s3_1600h_gs6760/tokenizer.json filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ assets/teaser.jpg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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README.md CHANGED
@@ -1,17 +1,63 @@
1
  ---
 
2
  library_name: transformers
3
  pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4
  tags:
5
  - gamescaling
6
  - game-agent
7
  - embodied-agent
8
  - keyboard-mouse
 
9
  - qwen3_5
10
  ---
11
 
12
- # Scaling in Games: Continued Pre-Training for Embodied Agents in Diverse Virtual Worlds
13
 
14
- [Project page](https://gamescaling.github.io) · [Citation](#citation)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15
 
16
  GameScaling models are Qwen3.5 vision-language models with continued pre-training (CPT) on
17
  keyboard-and-mouse gameplay. Each call reads the current game frame (plus a short history of past
@@ -19,8 +65,49 @@ frames and actions) and outputs the next **200 ms of keyboard and mouse actions*
19
  33 ms each, plus one mouse movement and scroll for the whole chunk. The model can optionally
20
  think first.
21
 
22
- This repository releases eight checkpoints (four model sizes × two data mixtures, all trained on
23
- 1,600 h of gameplay), the inference client, and the standard system-prompt template.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24
 
25
  ## Checkpoints
26
 
@@ -59,6 +146,8 @@ gamescaling/ inference client; depends only on requests + Pillow
59
  keymaps.py training key vocabulary <-> browser / Playwright key names
60
  scripts/serve_vllm.sh OpenAI-compatible server
61
  tests/test_core.py offline unit tests (no GPU or server needed)
 
 
62
  ```
63
 
64
  ## 1. Download and serve
@@ -283,6 +372,13 @@ python tests/test_core.py # or: python -m pytest tests/
283
 
284
  Offline checks of prompts, request bodies and action parsing; no GPU or server needed.
285
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
286
  ## Citation
287
 
288
  ```bibtex
 
1
  ---
2
+ license: apache-2.0
3
  library_name: transformers
4
  pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
5
+ base_model:
6
+ - Qwen/Qwen3.5-0.8B
7
+ - Qwen/Qwen3.5-2B
8
+ - Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B
9
+ - Qwen/Qwen3.5-27B
10
+ base_model_relation: finetune
11
+ language:
12
+ - en
13
  tags:
14
  - gamescaling
15
  - game-agent
16
  - embodied-agent
17
  - keyboard-mouse
18
+ - continued-pretraining
19
  - qwen3_5
20
  ---
21
 
22
+ <div align="center">
23
 
24
+ # Scaling in Games
25
+
26
+ ### Continued Pre-Training for Embodied Agents in Diverse Virtual Worlds
27
+
28
+ **Kuan Zhang**<sup>1,2,\*,‡</sup>, **Yukun Chen**<sup>1,3,\*,‡</sup>, **Zhihao Yang**<sup>1,3,\*,‡</sup>, Yue Su<sup>4</sup>, Xiangnan Wu<sup>3</sup>, Zirong Chen<sup>2</sup>,<br>
29
+ Run Luo<sup>1,5,‡</sup>, Jinkun Hou<sup>6</sup>, Tao Tan<sup>1</sup>, **Yinhe Zheng**<sup>1,†</sup>, **Yiming Li**<sup>2,†</sup>
30
+
31
+ <sup>1</sup>miHoYo Honkai AI R&D Team &nbsp; <sup>2</sup>College AI, Tsinghua University &nbsp; <sup>3</sup>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences<br>
32
+ <sup>4</sup>MMLab, The University of Hong Kong &nbsp; <sup>5</sup>National University of Singapore &nbsp; <sup>6</sup>Peking University
33
+
34
+ <sup>\*</sup>Equal contribution &nbsp; <sup>†</sup>Corresponding author &nbsp; <sup>‡</sup>Work done while interning at miHoYo
35
+
36
+ <p>
37
+ <img src="https://huggingface.co/THUSI-Lab/GameScaling/resolve/main/assets/logos/mihoyo.svg" alt="miHoYo" height="34">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
38
+ <img src="https://huggingface.co/THUSI-Lab/GameScaling/resolve/main/assets/logos/tsinghua.svg" alt="Tsinghua University" height="40">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
39
+ <img src="https://huggingface.co/THUSI-Lab/GameScaling/resolve/main/assets/logos/ucas.svg" alt="UCAS" height="40">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
40
+ <img src="https://huggingface.co/THUSI-Lab/GameScaling/resolve/main/assets/logos/hku.svg" alt="HKU" height="40">
41
+ </p>
42
+
43
+ <p>
44
+ <a href="https://gamescaling.github.io"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Project-Page-1f6feb?style=for-the-badge&logo=googlechrome&logoColor=white" alt="Project Page"></a>
45
+ <a href="https://gamescaling.github.io/assets/paper.pdf"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Paper-PDF-b31b1b?style=for-the-badge&logo=adobeacrobatreader&logoColor=white" alt="Paper"></a>
46
+ <a href="https://gamescaling.github.io"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-coming%20soon-lightgrey?style=for-the-badge&logo=arxiv&logoColor=white" alt="arXiv (coming soon)"></a>
47
+ <a href="https://gamescaling.github.io"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Code-coming%20soon-lightgrey?style=for-the-badge&logo=github&logoColor=white" alt="Code (coming soon)"></a>
48
+ <a href="https://huggingface.co/THUSI-Lab/GameScaling"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Models-THUSI--Lab%2FGameScaling-ffcc4d?style=for-the-badge" alt="Models"></a>
49
+ <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-2ea44f?style=for-the-badge" alt="License: Apache 2.0"></a>
50
+ </p>
51
+
52
+ </div>
53
+
54
+ <p align="center">
55
+ <img src="https://huggingface.co/THUSI-Lab/GameScaling/resolve/main/assets/teaser.jpg" alt="From one physical world to diverse virtual worlds" width="100%">
56
+ </p>
57
+
58
+ <p align="center"><i>Embodied learning in the physical world benefits from shared physics, visuals and controls. Virtual worlds break that assumption: every game brings its own. Does scaling still carry over?</i></p>
59
+
60
+ ## Overview
61
 
62
  GameScaling models are Qwen3.5 vision-language models with continued pre-training (CPT) on
63
  keyboard-and-mouse gameplay. Each call reads the current game frame (plus a short history of past
 
65
  33 ms each, plus one mouse movement and scroll for the whole chunk. The model can optionally
66
  think first.
67
 
68
+ The paper is a controlled study of CPT along three axes: data volume, data diversity and model
69
+ size. It covers 120 training configurations: four Qwen3.5 backbones (0.8B–27B), six gameplay
70
+ budgets (50–1,600 h) and five data mixtures (S1–S5) from an 80-game, mostly 3D corpus. Evaluation
71
+ moves from worlds in the training corpus (MCU / Minecraft, ViZDoom) to unseen related 3D worlds
72
+ (OmniGameArena) and unseen distant, mostly 2D worlds (GameWorld).
73
+
74
+ This repository releases eight checkpoints (four model sizes × two mixtures, all at 1,600 h), the
75
+ inference client, and the standard system-prompt template.
76
+
77
+ **Key findings**
78
+
79
+ - **Data, diversity and size help different worlds.** More data improves play in worlds from the
80
+ training corpus. Diversity improves transfer to related unseen worlds, with limited gains in
81
+ distant ones.
82
+ - **Small and fast wins in real time.** GameScaling takes 0.13–0.69 s per step, versus 4–24 s for
83
+ frontier models, and scores highest when the world does not pause.
84
+ - **More steps help, but only after pre-training.** Raising the MCU step cap from 600 to 3,000
85
+ lifts GameScaling-9B-S1 from 50.9% to 69.3%; the untrained Qwen3.5-9B stays at 4.0%.
86
+
87
+ ## Results
88
+
89
+ Average time-paused score (%) of the released 1,600 h checkpoints, as reported on the
90
+ [project page](https://gamescaling.github.io).
91
+
92
+ | Size | Model | MCU | ViZDoom | OmniGameArena | GameWorld |
93
+ |---|---|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
94
+ | 0.8B | Qwen3.5 (no CPT) | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 13.8 |
95
+ | | GameScaling-S1 | **44.0** | 5.4 | 7.1 | 14.4 |
96
+ | | GameScaling-S3 | 36.0 | **11.9** | **10.2** | **20.3** |
97
+ | 2B | Qwen3.5 (no CPT) | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1.8 | **19.8** |
98
+ | | GameScaling-S1 | **49.3** | 10.7 | 5.9 | 15.1 |
99
+ | | GameScaling-S3 | 48.0 | **11.2** | **13.9** | 19.5 |
100
+ | 9B | Qwen3.5 (no CPT) | 3.3 | 2.8 | 5.2 | **29.2** |
101
+ | | GameScaling-S1 | **54.7** | 8.1 | 6.0 | 17.0 |
102
+ | | GameScaling-S3 | 44.7 | **15.9** | **27.3** | 26.2 |
103
+ | 27B | Qwen3.5 (no CPT) | 9.3 | 5.6 | 9.7 | **29.3** |
104
+ | | GameScaling-S1 | **63.3** | 5.3 | 7.9 | 12.5 |
105
+ | | GameScaling-S3 | 54.0 | **14.7** | **25.7** | 25.3 |
106
+
107
+ S1 is the specialist: it is best on Minecraft (MCU). S3 trades some Minecraft score for clear
108
+ gains in unseen 3D worlds (OmniGameArena). Neither closes the gap in distant 2D worlds (GameWorld),
109
+ which suggests that CPT alone is not enough for a generalist agent. Base and S3 numbers come from
110
+ the paper's tables; S1 numbers are read from the 1,600 h column of the paper's Figure 4.
111
 
112
  ## Checkpoints
113
 
 
146
  keymaps.py training key vocabulary <-> browser / Playwright key names
147
  scripts/serve_vllm.sh OpenAI-compatible server
148
  tests/test_core.py offline unit tests (no GPU or server needed)
149
+ assets/ teaser and institution logos used in this card
150
+ LICENSE Apache License 2.0
151
  ```
152
 
153
  ## 1. Download and serve
 
372
 
373
  Offline checks of prompts, request bodies and action parsing; no GPU or server needed.
374
 
375
+ ## License
376
+
377
+ The weights and code in this repository are released under the
378
+ [Apache License 2.0](LICENSE). The models are continued pre-trained from
379
+ [Qwen3.5](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B), which is also Apache 2.0. Game titles, footage
380
+ and other game assets referenced here belong to their respective owners.
381
+
382
  ## Citation
383
 
384
  ```bibtex
assets/logos/hku.svg ADDED
assets/logos/mihoyo.svg ADDED
assets/logos/tsinghua.svg ADDED
assets/logos/ucas.svg ADDED
assets/teaser.jpg ADDED

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