We now have four-month-old mice that had diabetes but have been cured," he added. Dr. Ehud Ur, a professor of medicine at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and chair of the clinical and scientific division of the Canadian Diabetes Association, cautioned that the research is still in its early stages. Just as some experts are skeptical that diabetes can be cured, they say these findings are irrelevant for people who already have type 1 diabetes. On Monday, Sara Danius, the permanent secretary of the Nobel Committee for Literature at the Swedish Academy, publicly announced during a radio program on Sveriges Radio that the committee had already stopped trying to establish direct contact with Bob Dylan in order to award him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016. Danius said: "Now we're doing nothing. I called his closest colleague, sent him an e-mail and got very nice answers. For now, that's probably enough." Jamie Siminoff, Ring's CEO, previously noted that the company started when his doorbell wasn't audible from the shop in his garage. He said he built a Wi-Fi doorbell. Siminoff maintained that sales took off in 2013 after he appeared on an episode of Shark Tank, in which a panel of investors declined to fund the startup. Siminoff appeared on the QVC shopping channel at the end of 2017. Ring has also settled a lawsuit with ADT Corporation, a competitor in the security sector. There is one experimental vaccine that appears to be able to reduce the risk of death from Ebola infection, but so far there has been no clear evidence that any drugs are effective in treating ongoing infections. One antibody cocktail, Zmapp, initially looked promising, but formal studies showed it was not as effective at preventing death as had been hoped. In the PALM study, ZMapp was used as a control, or benchmark, against which the three other treatments were compared. USA Gymnastics supports the letter written by the U.S. Olympic Committee and supports the unwavering need to promote a safe environment for all athletes by the organizers of the Olympic Games. We agree with the USOC's statement that it is in the best interest of our athletes, clubs and sports to make sensible changes to our organization, rather than losing our accreditation. USA Gymnastics supports an independent investigation that may shed light on how such widespread, brazenly described abuse by Larry Nassar could have gone undetected for so long and supports all necessary and appropriate changes. USA Gymnastics and the U.S. Olympic Committee have the same goal - to provide the highest level of safety in gymnastics and other sports so athletes can pursue their dreams in an environment that is safe, positive and strong. In the 1960s, Brzezinski was an advisor to John F. Kennedy, and later worked in the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson. During the 1976 election, he was a foreign policy advisor to Carter, and later served as National Security Advisor from 1977 to 1981, succeeding Henry Kissinger. As National Security Advisor, Brzezinski advised Carter on foreign policy matters such as the Camp David Accords, 1978; normalization of U.S.-China relations at the end of the 1970s; the Iranian Revolution, which led to the Iran hostage crisis, 1979; and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 1979. The film, starring Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone, was nominated in all the major categories. Gosling and Stone were nominated for Best Actor and Best Actress. Other nominations include: Best Picture, Director, Cinematography, Costume Design, Editing, Original Score, Production Design, Sound and Original Screenplay. Two songs from the film, "Audition" ("The Fools Who Dream") and "City of Stars," were nominated for Best Original Song. Lionsgate received 26 nominations, more than any other studio. Late on Sunday, U.S. President Donald Trump announced in a statement released by his press secretary that U.S. forces would withdraw from Syria. The announcement came after a phone call between Trump and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The statement said Turkey would also take control of captured ISIS fighters that European countries have refused to repatriate. This confirms that some dinosaurs had feathers, a popular theory, but also provides such details as colour and three-dimensional arrangement, which cannot be gleaned from fossils. The animal's fur was reddish-brown on top and pale or carrot-coloured underneath, the scientists said. The discovery also sheds light on the evolution of feathers in birds. Because dinosaur feathers do not have a well-developed shaft, called a rachis, but do have barbs and barbules, scientists inferred that the rachis was a later evolutionary development than the barbs and barbules. The construction of the feathers suggests they were not for flight, but for temperature regulation or display, according to scientists, who believe the specimen is an adult rather than a juvenile, despite the tail belonging to a young dinosaur. Despite being the tail of a juvenile dinosaur, the feathers of the sample suggest an adult, not a hatchling, the researchers said. A car bomb was detonated at a police headquarters in Gaziantep, Turkey, yesterday morning, killing two police officers and wounding more than 20 people. Nineteen police officers were among the wounded, according to the governor's office. Police say they suspect a possible Daesh (ISIL) fighter of carrying out the attack. It turned out that the Sun behaves just like other stars: the activity of all the stars in the system is driven solely by their luminosity and rotation, nothing else. Brightness and rotation are used together to determine the Rossby number of the plasma flow. The fewer Rossby waves there are, the less active the star is in terms of magnetic field reversals. During his expedition, Iwasaki kept getting into trouble. He was robbed by pirates, a rabid dog attacked him in Tibet, he escaped an arranged marriage in Nepal, and he was arrested in India. The 802.11n standard operates on both frequencies: 2,4 Ghz and 5,0 Ghz. Thus, it achieves backward compatibility with 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g, assuming that the base station has dual radios. The speeds of 802.11n are much higher than in previous versions of the standard, and the maximum theoretical throughput is 600 Mb/s. Duvall, who is married with two grown children, did not make much of an impression on Miller, who was involved in the case. Asked for comment, Miller said, "During the deposition, Mike talked a lot ... I really didn't hear what he was saying because I was preparing." We will aim to see a significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 2020 compared with 2005," Hu said. He did not specify the size of the reduction, saying it would depend on China's economic output. Hu urged developing countries to "avoid the worn-out pattern of first polluting and then cleaning up." He added that "it should not be expected of them to take on commitments that go beyond their stage of development, responsibility and capabilities." The Iraqi Study Group presented its report today at 12:00 GMT. He warns that no one can guarantee that any actions taken by Iraq now will end the religious war, rising violence, or the threat of chaos. The report begins with a call for an open debate and consensus on U.S. policy toward the Middle East. The report is extraordinarily critical of almost every aspect of the current executive policy towards Iraq and calls for an immediate change of direction. The first of the 78 recommendations is to launch a new diplomatic initiative before the end of the year to secure Iraq's borders against hostile intervention and to renew diplomatic contacts with neighbors. Mrs. Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, the current senator and First Lady of Argentina, announced her candidacy for president last night in La Plata, a city 50 kilometers (31 miles) from Buenos Aires. Ms. Kirchner announced her intention to run for the presidency at the Teatro Argentino, the same place where she began her campaign for the Senate in 2005 as a member of the Buenos Aires provincial delegation. The debate was sparked by a controversy over the funding for hurricane relief and rebuilding after Hurricane Katrina; some tax-cutting conservatives jokingly referred to it as the "Bush-New Orleans Deal." Liberal criticism of reconstruction focused on the awarding of reconstruction contracts to people perceived to be connected to Washington. More than four million people attended the funeral in Rome. The crowd was so large that not everyone could attend the funeral at St. Peter's Square. Several large television screens were installed in Rome, allowing people to watch the ceremony. Huge crowds gathered in front of such televisions also in many other Italian cities and all over the world, especially in Poland. Historians have criticized the FBI's previous policy of focusing resources on easy-to-solve crimes, such as car theft, in order to increase the agency's clearance rate. Congress began funding the obscenity initiative in fiscal year 2005, designating 10 adult obscenity agents for the FBI. Robin Uthappa made a record score of 70 runs in 41 balls, hitting 11 fours and 2 sixes. Middle-order batsmen Sachin Tendulkar and Rahul Dravid fared well, putting up a 100-run partnership. However, after losing the captain's wicket, India managed to score only 36 runs, losing 7 wickets before the end of the innings. U.S. President George W. Bush arrived in Singapore on Nov. 16, kicking off a weeklong trip to Asia. He was greeted by Singapore's deputy prime minister, Wong Kan Seng, before meeting Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong to discuss trade and terrorism. After a string of mid-term election defeats, Bush addressed the issue of trade expansion in Asia in one of his public speeches. After a 25-minute meeting with NDP Leader Jack Layton at the Prime Minister's Office on Tuesday, Prime Minister Stephen Harper agreed to refer the government's Clean Air Act to a parliamentary committee for review before its second reading. During his meeting with the Prime Minister, Layton submitted an amendment to the Conservative's Environment Bill, calling for a "thorough and comprehensive rewrite" of the Conservative's Environment Bill. Since the federal government took over responsibility for funding the Mersey Hospital in Davenport (Tasmania), the state government and some federal MPs have been critical of the move, seeing it as a political stunt ahead of the federal election in November. But Prime Minister John Howard said the legislation was aimed solely at protecting the hospital's assets from being degraded by the Tasmanian government, providing an extra A$45 million. The tide gauges in the latest bulletin showed a tsunami was imminent, with strong tsunami activity near Pago Pago and Niue. There were no reports of major damage or injuries in Tonga, but a power outage reportedly prevented Tongan authorities from receiving the tsunami warning issued by PTWC. Despite the warnings being lifted, 14 schools on Hawaii's coast or near the coast were closed for the day on Wednesday. U.S. President George W. Bush expressed satisfaction with the statement. Bush spokesman Gordon Johndroe called North Korea's pledge "a big step toward a credible denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula." Hurricane Jerry, the tenth named storm of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season, has formed in the Atlantic Ocean today. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) says that as of now, Jerry is not a threat to land areas. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers said if another 6 inches of rain falls, the damaged levees could be breached. The 9th Ward, where water rose to 20 feet during Hurricane Katrina, is now flooded to the rooftops as the nearby levee failed. Water spilled over a flood wall that was 100 feet wide. Speaking to Wikinews last week, House of Commons manager Adam Cuerden expressed his frustration at the deletions. He [Wales] usually deceived us from the beginning. First, he acted as if he was motivated by legal reasons. Second, he pretended to listen to us until he deleted our files." The community's outrage led to efforts to develop a sexual content policy for the site, which hosts millions of pieces of public information. Most of the work was of a theoretical nature, but the program was written for the purpose of simulating observations of the galaxy in the constellation Sagittarius. The sought-for effect would be caused by tidal forces between the dark matter of the galaxy and the dark matter of the Milky Way. Just as the Moon affects the Earth and causes tides, so the Milky Way exerts its influence on the Sagittarius galaxy. Scientists were able to conclude that dark matter interacts with other dark matter in the same way as standard matter. This theory says that most of the dark matter surrounds the galaxy like a kind of aura, made up of many small particles. Television footage showed white smoke billowing from the power plant. Local authorities have warned people living in the area to stay indoors, turn off air conditioning and avoid drinking tap water. Japan's nuclear agency says radioactive cesium and iodine have been detected at the plant. Authorities are speculating that this may indicate a crack or leak in the uranium fuel tanks at the site. Dr Tony Moll detected an extremely drug-resistant form of tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal province. In an interview, he said the new variant was "very problematic and concerning because of its high mortality rate." Dr. Moll believes some patients may have caught the virus in the hospital, and at least two of them were health care workers employed at the hospital. An infected person can infect between 10 and 15 people with whom they had close contact over the course of a year. However, the incidence of XDR-TB in people with TB still appears to be low, with 6,000 out of 330,000 infected in South Africa at any one time. The two satellites, each weighing more than 1,000 pounds, were traveling at an approximate speed of 17,500 miles per hour when they collided at an altitude of 491 miles above Earth. Scientists say the explosion caused by the collision was powerful. The extent of the disaster and its impact on Earth are still being determined. The U.S. Department of Defense's Strategic Command monitors the Georgians. The results of the graphical analysis will be made available on a public website. A pediatrician at Children's Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, will be charged with premeditated murder after the remains of her mother were found in the trunk of her car on Wednesday, authorities in Ohio said. Dr. Malar Balasubramanian, 29, was found in Blue Ash, Ohio, a suburb about 15 miles north of Cincinnati, on the side of the road in a T-shirt and boxers, apparently under the influence of drugs. She directed the officers to her black Oldsmobile Intrigue, parked 500 feet away. They found the body of 53-year-old Saroja Balasubramanian covered in bloodied cats. Police said the body had been there for about a day. The first cases of the disease were reported at the end of July this year. The disease is carried by pigs and then transmitted by mosquitoes to humans. The outbreak has forced the Indian government to take drastic measures such as sending people to catch pigs in the most affected areas, distributing thousands of mosquito nets and spraying pesticides. The government has also pledged several million doses of the meningitis vaccine to help healthcare facilities prepare for next year. Plans to deliver vaccines to the hardest-hit areas have been delayed due to lack of funding and low priority compared to other diseases. In 1956 Słania moved to Sweden, where three years later he started working for the Swedish Postal Service and became its chief engraver. He designed more than 1,000 stamps for Sweden and 28 other countries. The quality and detail of his work are so highly regarded that he is one of the few widely known names among philatelists. Some collectors collect only his work. His 1,000th stamp was the fabulous David Klocker 2000 "Great Deeds of the Swedish Kings" which is in the Guinness Book of Records. He has also engraved banknotes for many countries, most recently the portraits of prime ministers on the new 5- and 100-dollar Canadian banknotes. Gibson was taken to hospital but died shortly after. The 64-year-old truck driver was not injured in the accident. The vehicle was removed from the scene of the accident on the same day, around 12:00 UTC. A man who works in a nearby workshop said: "There were children there, waiting to cross the road, all of them screaming and crying." Everyone ran away from the scene of the accident. Among the topics discussed in Bali was also the issue of saving the forests that still remain on Earth, as well as the issue of sharing technologies that can help developing countries to reduce the amount of pollution. The UN hopes to create a fund to help countries forced to respond to the effects of global warming. The money could be used to build houses with flood defences, improve water management and diversify crops. Fluke wrote that some efforts to silence women's voices about their health have failed. She came to this conclusion because of the many positive comments and encouragement she received from women and men calling for the recognition of contraception as a medical necessity. When the fighting stopped, about 40 prisoners remained in the courtyard, refusing to return to their cells. Negotiators tried to clarify the situation, but the prisoners' demands are unclear. Prisoners set fire to the courtyard between 22:00 and 23:00 MDT. Minutes later, officers in riot gear entered the courtyard and surrounded the inmates, using pepper spray. Firefighters eventually extinguished the blaze around 11:35 p.m. The dam was built in 1963 and has prevented seasonal floods from depositing silt throughout the river. The marsh was necessary to create marshes and beaches that served as habitats for plants and animals. The result was that two fish species disappeared completely from the surface of the water, and two others became threatened, including the bullhead catfish. Water levels are expected to rise only a few feet, but officials are hoping the flooding will rebuild the banks of the river, which have eroded over the years. No tsunami warning was issued, and the geophysics agency in Jakarta said no warning would be issued because the quake did not reach a magnitude of 6.5. Although there was no tsunami threat, residents panicked and fled their homes and businesses. While Winfrey's farewell was emotional, she made it clear to fans that she would be back. We're not saying goodbye at all. When one chapter ends, another begins." The official results of Namibia's presidential and parliamentary elections show that incumbent president Hifikepunye Pohamba won by a large margin. The ruling party, SWAPO (South West Africa People's Organisation), also retained a majority in the parliamentary elections. Coalition and Afghan forces moved into the area to secure it, and other coalition aircraft were sent to assist. The crash occurred in a mountainous, high-altitude area, and the cause is believed to be enemy fire. Efforts to locate the crash site have been hampered by bad weather and difficult terrain. The medical charity Mangola, Medecines Sans Frontieres and the World Health Organization consider this epidemic to be the worst the country has ever seen. Richard Veerman, a spokesman for Doctors Without Borders, said: "Angola faces the worst epidemic in its history, and the situation in Angola is very bad." The action got underway at 10am in glorious sunshine, with the early morning mist clearing quickly to make it a perfect day for Rugby 7s. South Africa, seeded No. 1, had a perfect start, easily beating Zambia, seeded No. 5, 26-0. South Africa were sluggish against their southern sisters but improved as the tournament progressed. Their disciplined defence, ball-playing skills and excellent teamwork made them stand out and it was obvious they were an unbeatable team. City officials and representatives of the Anne Frank Museum say the tree is diseased and poses a public safety hazard because they believe it could topple at any time. He was due to be executed on Tuesday but was saved by an extraordinary court ruling. The entrances to the "Seven Sisters" caves range from 100 to 250 metres (328 to 820 feet) in diameter. The infrared images show the typical temperature differences between day and night in caves. They are cooler during the day and warmer at night compared to the surrounding area. The thermal environment here is not as stable as in large caverns on Earth, where temperatures often remain fairly constant, but that's because we're dealing with deep openings," said Glen Cushing of the U.S. Geological Survey's Astrogeology team and Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, Arizona. In France, voting is usually a low-tech affair: voters cast their ballot in a booth, and a printed ballot with their chosen candidate's name is placed in an envelope. When the officials check the voter's identity, the voter drops the ballot into the ballot box and signs the list of voters. French electoral law is quite precise about procedures. Since 1988, ballot boxes must be transparent so that voters and observers have no doubt that when the polling station opens, there are no ballots in the ballot box and no ballots are thrown into the ballot box except those of properly polled and authorized voters. Candidates have the opportunity to send representatives to observe each stage of the process. In the evening, the votes are counted by volunteers under close supervision and in accordance with established procedures. The ASUS Eee PC, introduced earlier for sale worldwide due to its low cost and functionality, sparked heated debate at the Taipei IT Month trade show in 2007. However, the consumer laptop market will be highly differentiated and changed after ASUS was awarded the Taiwanese Sustainable Development Award in 2007 by Yuan, the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. The station's website describes the show as "an old-fashioned radio play in a new, scandalously maniacal version!" At first, the programme was only broadcast on the long-established internet radio station TogiNet Radio, where talk shows and calls from listeners predominated. At the end of 2015, TogiNet established AstroNet Radio as a branch. At first, the show was hosted by amateur announcers from the eastern part of Texas. According to reports, the robberies lasted throughout the night with no police on the streets of Bishkek. According to one observer, Bishkek descended into anarchy, with groups of people roaming the streets and looting shops selling consumer goods. Several residents of Bishkek blamed the protesters from the south for these illegal actions. South Africa beat New Zealand's All Blacks in a Tri Nations tournament match at the Royal Bafokeng Stadium in Rustenburg, South Africa. In the end, they won by one point, 21-20, to break the All Blacks' 15-match winning streak. The Springboks snapped a five-game losing streak. It was the last game for the All Blacks, who won the trophy just two weeks ago. The final match in the series will be played next week at Ellis Park in Johannesburg, where South Africa will take on Australia. On Monday at 10:08 p.m. MDT, a moderate earthquake shook western Montana. Immediately after the event, neither the United States Geological Survey (USGS) nor its National Earthquake Information Center reported any damage. The epicenter of the quake was about 15 miles (20 kilometers) northeast of Dillon and about 40 miles (65 kilometers) south of Butte. It has been confirmed that the dead wild duck found in a marsh near Lyon in eastern France on Monday was infected with the deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu. Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy and, as the seventh EU country, France have confirmed the presence of the virus on their territory. No suspected cases of H5N1 have been reported in Croatia and Denmark. Chambers accused God of "spreading death, destruction and terrorizing millions of people around the world." Chambers is an agnostic and takes the position that his lawsuit is "meritless" and that "anyone can sue anyone." The hero of Saint-Saëns' French opera is an artist "driven by a love of drugs and Japan." The performers are smoking joints on stage and the theatre is encouraging the audience to join in. Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, Texas Gov. Rick Perry and Rep. Michele Bachmann took fourth, fifth and sixth place, respectively. After the results were in, Gingrich praised Santorum and criticized Romney for his negative ads in Iowa. Perry said he would "go back to Texas to assess the results of tonight's primaries and see if I have a chance in this race," but later added that he would stay in the race and compete in South Carolina's primary on Jan. 21. Bachmann, who won the Ames Straw Poll in August, has decided to end her campaign. The photographer was taken to the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, where he later died. He is said to have been in his mid-twenties. In a statement, Bieber said: "While I was not directly involved in this tragic accident, my thoughts and prayers are with the family of the victim." TMZ reports that the photographer stopped his car on the other side of the Sepulveda Boulevard and tried to take photos of the police stop, then crossed the street to continue, which prompted a California Highway Patrol officer to stop traffic and order him back, twice. Police say the driver of the vehicle that ran over the photographer is unlikely to face charges. With only 18 medals per day, many countries were unable to place on the podium. They include the Netherlands, with Anna Jochemsen, who finished ninth in the women's Super-G yesterday, and Finland, where Katja Saarinen finished 10th in the same event. Australian Mitchell Gourley finished 11th in the men's standing super-G. Czech Oldrich Jelinek was 16th in the men's sitting super-G. Arly Velasquez of Mexico finished 15th in the men's sitting super-G. Adam Hall of New Zealand finished ninth in the men's standing super-G. Blind skier Maciej Krężel, competing for Poland, and his guide Anna Ogarzyńska took 13th place in the super-G. Jong Seork Park from South Korea took 24th place in the super-G in the sitting category. UN peacekeepers sent to Haiti after the 2010 earthquake are being blamed for spreading the disease, which originated near a military base. According to the lawsuit, the latrines at the U.N. camp were not properly disinfected, allowing bacteria to get into the Artibonite River, one of Haiti's largest. Haiti had not experienced problems with the disease since the 19th century prior to the arrival of the military. The Haitian Institute for Justice and Democracy has responded to independent studies suggesting that a Nepalese UN peacekeeping battalion may have inadvertently brought the disease to Haiti. Danielle Lantagne, a UN expert on the disease, said the outbreak was probably caused by peacekeepers. Hamilton confirmed that the patient taken to Howard University Hospital was in stable condition. The patient had been in Nigeria, where several Ebola cases have been reported. The hospital followed protocol for infectious control, isolating the patient to prevent potential exposure to others. Before "The Simpsons," Simon worked on several shows in various capacities. In the 1980s, he worked on the production of such series as Taxi, Cheers and Tracey Ullman Show. In 1989, he co-created The Simpsons with Brooks and Groening, and was also responsible for hiring the show's first writing staff. Although he left the show in 1993, he remained an executive producer and received tens of millions of dollars in royalties each year. The news of the hijacking was previously reported by the Chinese news agency Xinhua. Later reports indicated that the plane had been warned of a bomb threat, so it turned back to Afghanistan and landed in Kandahar. Early reports indicate the plane was diverted back to Afghanistan after refusing to make an emergency landing in Ürümqi. Iran has an aging and poorly maintained fleet for both civilian and military operations, leading to frequent air disasters. Due to international sanctions, new aircraft cannot be purchased. Earlier this week, three people died and three others were injured in a police helicopter crash. Iran's worst air disaster in years occurred last month when a plane bound for Armenia crashed, killing 168 people. In the same month, another passenger plane crashed off the runway in Meshed and crashed into a wall, killing 17 people. Aerosmith have cancelled the remainder of their tour. The rock band had planned a tour of the United States and Canada until September 16. The tour was cancelled after singer Steven Tyler suffered an injury when he fell off the stage during a concert on August 5. Both players held serve in the first set, before Murray lost the second set in a tie-break. Del Potro gained an early advantage in the second set, but the score was tied at 6-6, necessitating a tie-break. Potro's shoulder was already taped up, but he was able to return to the game. The program began at 20:30 local time (15:00 UTC). Famous singers from all over the country sang bhajans, or religious hymns, at the feet of Sri Shyam. The evening began with singer Sanju Sharma, followed by Jai Shankar Choudhary; he also performed chhappan bhog bhajan with singer Raju Khandelwal. Then Lakkha Singh took over the initiative, singing badhanas. Baba Shyam was served 108 plates of Chhappan Bhog (in Hinduism, 56 different edible products, such as sweets, fruits, nuts, food items etc., which are offered to the deity). Lakkha Singh also presented chhappan bhog bhadžan, accompanied by vocalist Raju Khandelwal. During Thursday's Tokyo Game Show press conference, Nintendo president Satoru Iwata unveiled a new game for the company's upcoming Revolution console. The controller resembles a TV remote and uses two sensors near the user's TV to triangulate its position in 3D space. This will allow players to control actions and movements in video games by moving the device in the air. Giancarlo Fisichella lost control of his car and the race ended for him almost immediately after the start line. His team-mate Fernando Alonso was leading for much of the race, but ended it just after his pit-stop, presumably due to a faulty wheel nut. Michael Schumacher finished the race a few laps after Alonso due to suspension damage sustained in a number of incidents during the race. He said: "She's beautiful and she sings well," according to a transcript of the press conference. I was genuinely moved every time we rehearsed." Approximately three minutes into the flight, the cockpit camera recorded numerous pieces of insulation falling off the fuel tank. However, they are not believed to have caused any damage to the rocket. N. Wayne Hale Jr., NASA's space shuttle program manager, said the foam fell off "at a time that raises our concerns." Five minutes into the show, the wind picks up to 70 miles per hour, a torrential downpour begins, stinging like needles against the skin, and a tornado descends from the sky, people panic, scream, and run, knocking each other down. Armand Versace said: "I lost my sister and her friend, and on the way I passed two disabled people on wheelchairs who were jumping and pushing people." NHK also reported that the Kashiwazaki Kariwa nuclear power plant in Niigata Prefecture is operating normally. Hokuriku Electric Power did not report any negative effects of the quake or the shutdown of the No. 1 and No. 2 reactors at its nuclear power plant. About 9,400 homes in the region are without water and about 100 are without power, according to reports. Some roads were damaged in the affected area and train services were suspended. The Noto airport in Ishikawa prefecture was also closed. There was an explosion at the governor-general's office. Within two hours, three more bombs exploded near government buildings. Some reports say there were eight deaths, while official reports say there were no more than 30 injuries; we still don't have official confirmation. Both cyanuric acid and melamine were found in the urine samples of the dead animals. Scientists at the university found that the two compounds react to form crystals that can block the functioning of the kidneys. Scientific studies have shown that adding melamine and cyanuric acid to cat urine causes crystals to form. The composition of these crystals is identical to the composition of the crystals found in the urine of sick domestic animals, as proved by a comparative study using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). I don't know if you're aware of this, but most of the goods from Central America come into this country duty-free. Meanwhile, 80 percent of our goods were subject to the tariffs imposed by the countries of Central America. We are treating you. To me, it didn't make sense and it wasn't fair. All I'm saying is that you should treat us the way we treat you. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger has signed a law banning the sale and rental of violent video games to minors. The law requires that violent video games sold in California be labeled with an "18" sticker, and selling them to minors is punishable by a $1,000 fine. Attorney General Kier Starmer QC issued a statement today, prosecuting both Huhne and Pryce. Huhne has resigned and will be replaced by MP Ed Davey. It is expected that MP Norman Lamb will replace Davey as business minister. Huhne and Pryce are due to appear at Westminster Magistrates' Court on February 16. The victims were identified as 25-year-old Nicholas Alden and 21-year-old Zachary Cuddeback, who was driving. Edgar Veguilla sustained hand and jaw injuries, while Kristoffer Schneider required facial reconstruction surgery. Uka's gun, aimed at the fifth man's head, misfired. Schneider feels a constant ache, can't see out of one eye, is missing a chunk of skull, and his face is reconstructed from titanium. Schneider testified via videoconference from a U.S. Air Force base in his home country. Besides the midweek Carpanedo race, he took part in two individual races at the championships. The first competition was a slalom, in which she did not finish the first run. 36 out of 116 competitors finished the race with the same result. In the second race (giant slalom) she finished tenth in the sitting category with a total time of 4:41:30, which was 2:11:60 slower than the winner, Austrian Claudia Loesch, and 1:09:02 slower than the ninth-placed Gyöngyi Dani from Hungary. Four skiers in the women's sitting group did not finish the race, and 45 of 117 skiers in the men's giant slalom were not classified. Police in Madhya Pradesh recovered the stolen laptop and mobile phone. Deputy General Inspector D K Arya said, "We have arrested five people who raped the Swiss woman, recovered her cellphone and laptop." The accused are Baba Kanjar, Bhutha Kanjar, Rampro Kanjar, Gaza Kanjar and Vishnu Kanjar. Superintendent of Police Chandra Shekhar Solanki said the accused were produced before the court with their faces covered. Although three people were in the house when the car hit it, no one was injured. However, the driver suffered serious head injuries. The road was temporarily closed while emergency services freed the driver of the red Audi TT. He was first taken to the James Paget Hospital in Great Yarmouth. He was then taken to Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge. Since then, Adekoya has been charged with murdering his son at Edinburgh Sheriff Court. She is in custody awaiting indictment and trial, but eyewitness testimony may be unreliable because her image has been widely disseminated. It is common practice in other parts of the UK, but the Scottish justice system operates differently, with courts believing that the publication of photographs could be harmful. Professor Pamela Ferguson of the University of Dundee notes that "journalists are treading on dangerous ground by publishing pictures of suspects, etc.". The Court of King's Bench, which is generally responsible for overseeing investigations, told reporters that further comment would be suspended at least until charges are laid. According to the leak, the document will deal with disputed borders that Palestinians want to restore to their state before the 1967 Six-Day War. Other topics to be discussed include the future status of Jerusalem, a holy city for both nations, and the issue of the Jordan Valley. Israel is demanding a permanent military presence in the valley for ten years after the agreement is signed, while AP is only willing to agree to such a presence for five years. Shooters taking part in the additional pest control test were to be closely monitored by foresters as the test was monitored and assessed for effectiveness. The NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) and the NSW Sporting Shooters' Association (SSAA) recruited qualified volunteers through the NSW Sporting Shooters' Association. Mick O'Flynn, NPSW Parks Protection and Heritage Director, believes the four shooters selected for the first firearms operation were given a comprehensive briefing on safety and training. Martelly was sworn in yesterday at the new Provisional Electoral Council (CEP), composed of nine members. This is Martelly's fifth CEP in four years. Last month, the presidential commission filed a lawsuit to dissolve the previous Temporary Electoral Council (CEP) as part of a package of measures to speed up new elections in the country. The commission was a response by Martelly to widespread protests against the regime that began in October. The protests, which have sometimes taken a violent turn, are the result of a lack of elections that have been blocked in some cases since 2011. More than 60 cases of iPods overheating have been reported, leading to six fires and four people being slightly burned. Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) said it was aware of 27 incidents related to the devices. Last week, Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry said Apple had reported 34 additional overheating incidents, calling them "non-serious." When Apple delayed the release of the report, the ministry described the decision as "very unfortunate." The quake struck the Mariana Islands at 7:19 a.m. local time (21:19 UTC on Friday). The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Office of Emergency Management said the country suffered no damage. In addition, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center said there were no tsunami warnings. A bus carrying tourists from Hong Kong was hijacked in Manila, the capital of the Philippines, by a former Filipino policeman who took the passengers as hostages. Rolando Mendoza fired his M16 rifle at the tourists. So far, several hostages have been freed, and at least six have been declared dead. Philippine photographers and six hostages, including children and the elderly, were freed earlier. Later, photographers took the place of an elderly woman who needed to use the toilet, and Mendoza was shot. Liggins followed in his father's footsteps and pursued a career in medicine. He trained as a midwife and began working at the National Women's Hospital in Auckland in 1959. While working at the hospital, Liggins used his free time to begin researching preterm labor. His study showed that introducing the hormone would speed up the development of the lungs of the foetus. Xinhua news agency reported on Wednesday that investigators had recovered the black boxes. Wrestlers also paid tribute to the Moon. Tomy Dreamer said, "Luna was the first Queen of Extreme. She died in the night of two moons, which was as unique as she was herself. A strong woman." Dustin "Goldust" Runnels said, "Luna was just as crazy as I am... maybe more... I love her and I'll miss her... you can only hope she's doing better now." A poll of 1,400 people before the 2010 federal election found the proportion of people opposed to Australia becoming a republic had increased by 8 per cent since 2008. Prime Minister Julia Gillard said during the 2010 election campaign that Australia should become a republic at the end of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. 34 per cent of respondents agree with this and want Queen Elizabeth to be the last monarch of Australia. At the extremes of the survey, 29 per cent of respondents believe Australia should become a republic as soon as possible, while 31 per cent believe it should never become a republic. The Olympic gold medallist was due to compete in the 100m and 200m freestyle events and three relay teams at the Commonwealth Games, but doubts have been cast over his expected performances after he complained about his form. Painkillers were banned by the rules of the games, so he could not take them. On January 25, Curtis Cooper, a mathematician and computer science professor at the University of Central Missouri, discovered the largest known prime number. Earlier this month, a few people confirmed the discovery using different equipment and software, and it was announced on Tuesday. It is possible that comets brought water to Earth along with organic material capable of forming proteins and sustaining life. Scientists hope to learn more about how planets form, and especially how the process looked like in the case of Earth, since it collided with comets a long time ago. The 53-year-old Cuomo took office at the beginning of this year and ratified a law legalizing same-sex marriages last month. He dismissed the rumours as "political gossip and nonsense." Speculation is rife that he will run for president in 2016. NextGen is a system, according to the FAA, that would allow planes to fly shorter routes, save millions of gallons of fuel and reduce carbon emissions. The use of satellite technology rather than older-generation radar technology allows air traffic controllers to locate aircraft with greater precision and provide pilots with more detailed information. There will be no additional travel options, and trains on the ground will not stop at Wembley, and car parks and park-and-ride facilities will not be available on the ground. The potential lack of transport made it more likely that the match would be played behind closed doors with no fans in attendance. Published Thursday in the journal Science, the study reports the discovery of a new bird species on the Galapagos Islands, which belong to Ecuador. Scientists at Princeton University in the United States and the University of Uppsala in Sweden have announced that the new species emerged in just two generations, although it was thought to take much longer, based on the breeding of Darwin's finches, the black Darwin's finches, cactus Darwin's finches and big-beaked Darwin's finches. Gold can be hammered into any shape, even the smallest. They can be stretched into a thin thread that can be twisted and woven. They can be crumpled or flattened into a sheet. They can be thinly spread and attached to other metals. Sometimes they were so thin that they were used to decorate hand-painted illustrations in illuminated manuscripts. We call it the pH indicator of a chemical substance. Red cabbage juice has the ability to detect pH. The color of the cabbage juice changes depending on whether the chemical is acidic or alkaline. pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (the "H" in "pH") in a substance. Hydrogen ions are protons that have been stripped of electrons (hydrogen atoms consist of one proton and one electron). Mix two dry powders together, then roll them into a ball using your clean, wet hands. The moisture on your hands will react with the outer layers, creating a strange sensation and a certain kind of shell. In the cities of Harappa and Mohendjo-daro, almost every house had a flush toilet connected to a modern sewage system. In Minoan cities on Crete and Santorini in Greece, remains of a sewer system have been found. Toilets were also known in ancient Egypt, Persia, and China. In the Roman civilization, toilets were sometimes part of public baths, where men and women bathed together. When you call someone who is thousands of miles away, you use a satellite. The signal travels to a satellite in space, then nearly instantaneously bounces back, The satellite was launched into space by a rocket. Scientists use telescopes in space because the Earth's atmosphere distorts light, and therefore the image seen from Earth. Sending a satellite or telescope into space requires a massive rocket that is over 100 feet tall. The wheel has changed the world in many amazing ways. Most importantly, it has allowed us to travel much more easily and quickly. Without it, there would be no railroads, automobiles, or many other forms of transportation. Below are medium-sized cats, feeding on medium-sized prey, from rabbits to antelopes to deer. Finally, there are many small cats (including house cats) that eat much smaller prey, such as insects, rodents, lizards, and birds. The secret to their success lies in their niche, in a special job that every cat does, so they can't compete with others. Lions are some of the most social cats and live in large groups. A pride of lions consists of one, two or three related adult males, plus up to thirty females and cubs. Females are usually closely related to each other, forming one large family of sisters and daughters. Lion prides exhibit behaviour similar to that of wolf packs or dog packs, which are surprisingly lion-like in terms of behaviour and mortal danger they pose to their prey. The tiger, a well-built athlete, can climb (though not very well), swim, jump great distances, and pull five times better than a strong man. The tiger, along with the lion, the leopard and the jaguar, belongs to the Panthera genus. Only these four cat species can roar. A tiger's roar is not as loud as a lion's, but it sounds more like a mumbled, shouted word. Ocelots prey on small animals. They hunt monkeys, snakes, rodents, and birds as much as possible. Most of their prey is much smaller than they are. Scientists believe that coyotes track and find animals to eat (prey) by scent. They see very well in the dark thanks to their night vision and move stealthily. They hunt their prey by blending in with their surroundings and then pouncing on their victims. When a small group of living organisms (a small population) is separated from the main population from which it originated (e.g. when moving over a mountain range or a river or when moving to a new island with no easy retreat), they often find themselves in a different environment than before. In this new environment, there are different resources and different competitors, so the new population will have to develop new traits or adapt in such a way that they can effectively compete in their new environment. The original population has not changed at all and still has to adapt in the same way. Over time, as the new population adapts to its new environment, it becomes increasingly different from other populations. In the end, after millions or even billions of years, these two populations will be so different from each other that it will be hard to call them the same species. This process is called speciation, which simply means the formation of new species. Speciation is an unavoidable consequence of evolution and a very important part of it. Plants produce oxygen, which people breathe, and absorb carbon dioxide, which people exhale (i.e. breathe out). Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight to make food. Plants also provide shade. Our houses are made of plants, just as our clothes are. Most of our food comes from plants. Without plants, animals could not survive. The mosasaur was the largest predator at the time, so it feared only other mosasaurs. He had more than 70 unusually sharp teeth in his elongated jaw, and additional teeth protruded from the roof of his mouth, so his victims had no chance. There is no certainty, but he may have had a forked tongue. He ate turtles, large fish, other mosasaurs, and may even have been a cannibal. He was not afraid to attack victims in the water, and even a giant dinosaur like T. rex would have been intimidated by him. Although we are familiar with most of the foods the Romans ate, they also enjoyed some exotic dishes, such as wild boar, pheasant, snails and hare. Another difference was that the poor and women ate their meals while sitting on stools, while the rich had banquets where they ate in a semi-reclining position. Food in ancient Rome could not have included ingredients that came to Europe or Asia in later centuries. For example, they did not know about corn, tomatoes, potatoes or cocoa, and no ancient Roman ever tasted chocolate. In Babylon, each god had a main temple, which was considered to be his home. Humans offered sacrifices to the gods, and the role of the priests was to take care of the divine needs through rituals and festivals. Each temple had an open courtyard, with an inner sanctuary accessible only to priests. Sometimes pyramid-shaped towers called ziggurats were built as part of temples. A special sanctuary dedicated to the god was located at the top of the tower. Houses did not play a particularly important role in the warm climate of the Middle East. Most of the life of the Hebrew family took place in the air. Women prepared food in the courtyards, shops were just wooden boards on the street, and stones were used to build houses. Because there were no large forests in Canaan, wood was very expensive. Greenland was sparsely populated. According to Norse sagas, Erik the Red was exiled from Iceland for murder and during his voyage west he discovered Greenland and named it Greenland. While his role as an explorer should not be diminished, it should be noted that the area was already inhabited by Eskimos at the time. Though every country could be called "Scandinavian," Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland differ from each other in terms of people, rulers, customs, and history. If you've seen the movie National Treasure, you might think the back of the Declaration of Independence is a map to the treasure. However, this is not true. There are some markings on the back of the document, but they are not a map leading to treasure. On the other side of the Declaration of Independence were the words: "The original Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776." The words are written upside down at the bottom of the document. Nobody knows for sure who wrote it, but it is known that the large parchment document (29.75 by 24.5 inches) was pounded to preserve it. Therefore, it can be assumed that the annotation was added as a descriptive label. The landings in Normandy and subsequent battles freed the northern part of France, but the south remained occupied. This power was held by the French "Vichy". These were French people who signed a peace treaty with the Germans in 1940 and collaborated with the aggressors instead of fighting them. On August 15, 1940, the Allies launched the "Operation Dragoon" invasion of southern France. It took just two weeks for the U.S. and Free French forces to liberate southern France and head toward Germany. Civilization is one culture shared by a large group of people who live and work together as a society. The word "civilization" is derived from the Latin "civilis", meaning "citizen", and "civis", meaning "citizen", and "civitas", meaning city or city-state, which suggests the size of the society. Your city-states were the prototypes of nations. Civilization requires the transmission of knowledge through many generations, the imprinting of a lasting cultural stamp, and a just distribution. Smaller cultures often disappear without leaving a significant historical record, so they cannot be considered true civilizations. During the War of Independence, thirteen states first formed a fragile central government - consisting solely of Congress - based on the Articles of Confederation. Congress had no authority to impose taxes, and since there was no national executive or judiciary, it relied on state governments, which were often reluctant to cooperate in enforcing all of their laws. He also did not have the authority to repeal interstate tax laws. Articles required unanimous approval by all the states before any amendments could be made, and the states treated the central government with such contempt that their representatives often did not bother to show up. Besides the German national football team, the Italian national football team ranks second in the world football ranking and won the FIFA World Cup in 2006. Popular sports include football, basketball, volleyball, water polo, fencing, rugby, cycling, ice hockey, roller hockey and Formula 1. Winter sports are most popular in the north, and Italian athletes compete in international tournaments and the Olympics. Japan has almost 7,000 islands (the largest being Honshu), making it the world's seventh-largest island country. Because of its many islands, Japan is often called an "archipelago" in a geographical sense. The beginnings of Taiwan can be traced back to the 15th century, when European explorers recorded the name of the island as Ilha Formosa, meaning beautiful island. When the Dutch East India Company established a trading post in southwestern Taiwan in 1624, it introduced changes to indigenous agricultural practices and employed Chinese to work on rice and sugar cane plantations. In 1683, the Qing dynasty (1644-1912) took control of the western and northern coastal areas of Taiwan, and in 1885 declared Taiwan a province of the Qing Empire. In 1895, after losing the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), the Qing dynasty government signs the Shimonoseki Treaty, ceding Taiwan to Japan, which will rule the island until 1945. Within Machu Picchu there are three main sites: the Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun and the Temple of the Three Windows. In order to better show the original appearance of this place to visiting tourists, most of the buildings on the outskirts of the complex have been reconstructed. As of 1976, one third of the city of Machu Picchu has been restored and the process continues. For example, in photography, the most common format is 35 mm, which was the most common film format at the end of the analogue era. It's still being made today, but what's more important is that the format of the image has been transferred to sensor formats in digital cameras. The 35mm format is actually 36mm wide and 24mm high, which can be confusing. The aspect ratio for this format is 3:2 (divide by 12 to get the simplest total aspect ratio). However, many common formats (e.g. the APS group of formats) are either identical or very similar to this aspect ratio. The rule of thirds is often misused or ridiculed, but it is a simple guideline that can help you achieve dynamism without disrupting the order. It states that the main object should be placed at the intersection of the lines that divide the image into three equal parts horizontally and vertically (see example). During this period of European history, the Catholic Church, which had become powerful and wealthy, came under close scrutiny. For more than a millennium, Christianity has provided a strong bond between European countries that speak different languages and have different customs. His power was so all-encompassing that it affected everyone, from the king to the peasant. One of the main tenets of Christianity is that wealth should be used to help the suffering and the poor, and that church funds should be used for that purpose. The Roman Catholic Church has been headquartered in Rome for more than a thousand years, and such a concentration of power and money begs the question of whether the doctrine is being followed. Shortly after the outbreak of hostilities, the United Kingdom imposed a naval blockade on Germany. This strategy effectively cut off key military and civilian supplies, even though the blockade violated generally accepted international law enshrined in several international agreements over the past two centuries. Britain has mined international waters to block access to huge swathes of ocean, even putting neutral vessels at risk. This tactic met with a limited response, so the Germans expected a similar reaction to their unrestricted submarine warfare. The 1920s were a period of pacifism and isolation for most nations and citizens. After the horrific and brutal experiences of the First World War, the nations wanted to avoid such a situation in the future. In 1884, Tesla moved to the United States to work for the Edison Company in New York City. He set foot on American soil with four cents in his pocket, a poetry book, and a letter of recommendation from Charles Batchelor (his former boss) to Thomas Edison. In ancient China, different periods were shown in an unusual way; each period in China or each family in power constituted a separate dynasty. During the interregnums between the reigns of successive dynasties, the provinces descended into chaos and division. The Three Kingdoms era, spanning 60 years between the Han and Jin dynasties, is the most well-known such period. Many notable pretenders to the throne clashed in fierce battles during these periods. The era of the Three Kingdoms is remembered in ancient Chinese history as a time of great bloodshed; thousands of people died fighting for the highest throne in the great palace in Xi'an. There are many social and political effects, such as the adoption of the metric system, the transition from absolutism to republicanism, nationalism, and the belief that the state belongs to the people rather than to a single ruler. After the Revolution, all male candidates had free access to the competitions, so success could be achieved by those who showed the greatest ambition and dexterity. This also applies to the military, as rankings of armies based on classes are now based on swords. The French Revolution was an inspiration to many oppressed workers in other countries to start their own revolutions. Muhammad was deeply interested in matters beyond his usual life. He often went to a cave known as "Hira" on the mountain of "Noor" (the mountain of light). The preserved cave itself gives a very vivid idea of the spiritual preferences of Muhammad. The cave, located atop one of the mountains to the north of Mecca, is completely cut off from the rest of the world. It's not easy to find, even when you know it's there. Inside the cave, the visitor will experience total isolation. There's not much to see beyond a clear, beautiful sky and the surrounding mountains. From inside the cave, you can't see or hear much of the outside world. The only one of the Seven Wonders of the World still standing today is the Great Pyramid of Giza. The Great Pyramid, built in the third century B.C., is one of many large pyramids built to honor a deceased pharaoh. The Giza Plateau (also known as the Giza Necropolis) in Egypt's Valley of the Dead contains several pyramids (the largest being the Pyramid of Cheops), several smaller tombs, several temples, and the Great Sphinx. The Great Pyramid was built to honor Cheops, and many smaller pyramids, tombs, and temples were built to honor his wives and relatives. The "upward arrow" symbol looks like a "V", and the "downward arrow" symbol looks like a spinach or a square without a bottom side. Up means to start at the top and push the yarn, while down means to start at the thumb and pull the yarn. Stroking from the bottom to the top produces a softer sound, while stroking from the top to the bottom produces a stronger, more forceful sound. Don't be afraid to draw your own signs, but remember that the printed signs on the staff are there for musical reasons, so usually you should keep them. The frenzied mob forced the terrified King Louis XVI, Queen Marie Antoinette, their two children (11-year-old Marie Therese and 4-year-old Louis Charles), and Elizabeth, the king's sister, to return to Paris from Versailles. When the king and queen returned to Paris in their carriage, they were accompanied by an angry mob hurling insults at them. The excited pig forced the king and queen to open the windows of the carriage wide. At one point, someone in the crowd nodded to a guard who had been killed at Versailles just before the terrified queen. The U.S. imperialist war expenditures for the conquest of the Philippines were paid for by the Filipinos themselves. They were forced to pay taxes to the U.S. colonial regime to cover the greater part of the expenses and the interest on the bonds issued in the name of the Philippine government by the Wall Street banks. Of course, the huge profits to be gained from the extended exploitation of Filipinos would be the primary gains of US imperialism. The context in which the order of the Templars was created is important in understanding its specificity. These events took place during the Late Middle Ages, which lasted from the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries in Europe (1000–1300 CE). Before the High Middle Ages there was the Early Middle Ages, and after the High Middle Ages there was the Late Middle Ages, which ended around the year 1500. Technological determinism encompasses a wide range of ideas applied in practice, including technological impulse or technological imperative, as well as a strict definition of human destiny driven by a hidden logic related to the laws of science and their manifestation in the field of technology. Most interpretations of technological determinism combine two general principles: first, the process of technological development is not subject to the influence of cultural or political factors, and second, technology generates effects in societies that are immanent rather than socially conditioned. You can say, for example, that the motorized vehicle is necessary for the development of the road network. Because the national road network is not economically viable when the number of vehicles is small, new methods of production are being developed to reduce the cost of operating the vehicle. Mass car ownership also leads to an increase in road accidents, which in turn leads to the development of new ways of repairing damaged bodies in medicine. Romanticism contained an important element of cultural determinism that can be found in the writings of authors such as Goethe, Fichte and Schlegel. In the context of romantic individualism, geography shaped the individual, and over time, customs and culture developed in relation to that geography, so much so that they were better than arbitrarily imposed laws. Just as today Paris is known as the modern fashion capital, Constantinople was the fashion capital of feudal Europe in the Middle Ages. His fame as a luxury item began around 400 A.D. and lasted until 1000 A.D. Its status declined in the 12th century, primarily because returning crusaders brought back silk and spices, which were more highly valued than the goods offered at the Byzantine markets. It was at this time that the title of fashion capital was transferred from Constantinople to Paris. The Gothic style reached its zenith in the 10th–11th and 14th centuries. Initially, the skirt was heavily influenced by the Byzantine culture in the east. However, due to the slow exchange of information, the Western style could develop with a delay of 25–30 years. By the end of the Middle Ages, Western Europe had begun to develop its own style. One of the great legacies of the Crusades was the use of buttons to fasten clothing. Subsistence farming is when a farmer produces enough food to meet the needs of himself and his family. Subsistence farming is a simple, often organic system of self-sufficiency in seeds from the ecoregion combined with crop rotation or other relatively easy methods of maximizing yields. In the past, most farmers met only their own needs, and this is still the case in many developing countries. Subcultures attract people with similar attitudes to the world, people who feel that social norms do not meet their needs, people who find a sense of identity within the subculture. Subcultures are distinct in terms of age, ethnicity, class, location, and/or gender of their members. The distinguishing characteristics of a subculture may be linguistic, aesthetic, religious, political, sexual, geographic, or a combination of factors. If someone is a member of a subculture, they show it through their expressive and symbolic style, which includes fashion, mannerisms, and slang. One of the most popular ways of illustrating the dangers of socialisation is to focus on the few unfortunate cases of children who were not socialised by adults during their upbringing - whether through neglect, misfortune or deliberate exploitation. These children are often referred to as "wild" or "feral." Some were abused (usually by their parents), and some were abandoned because their parents could not cope with the serious mental or physical disability of their child. Abandoned or runaway children may have suffered from trauma or abuse. Some are thought to have domesticated animals, while others are believed to live in the wild on their own. If a feral child is raised only by animals, he or she will behave almost completely (taking physical limitations into account) like those animals, showing fear or indifference towards humans. Project-based learning should make learning easier and more enjoyable, whereas learning by rote goes one step further. Brainstorming is not a way of learning, but rather a support provided to people who participate in new educational experiences, such as using a new computer program or starting a new project. Rusts can be virtual and real, i.e. the teacher is a kind of rust, just like Mr. Spinacz in the MS Office package. Virtual checklists are built into the software and are designed to question, advise, and explain procedures that a student may struggle to understand on their own. Children are placed in foster care for a variety of reasons, including neglect, abuse, and even coercion. No child should ever grow up in an environment that does not provide for their upbringing, care and education, but sadly this is the case. We believe that the foster care system is a safe haven for these children. Our foster care system should guarantee a safe home, loving caregivers, stable education, and good medical care. The foster family is supposed to meet all the needs that were not met in the home from which the child was removed. The Internet can be used for both mass communication and interpersonal communication. The unique properties of the Internet open up new dimensions of use and gratification. For example, "learning" and "contact with others" are proposed as important reasons for using the Internet (James et al., 1995). Eighmy and McCord (1998) also identified "personal involvement" and "sustained relationships" as new aspects of motivation when they studied the reactions of website users. Video recordings have allowed for important discoveries in the interpretation of micro-expressions, or facial muscle movements lasting only a few milliseconds. Specifically, it is said that you can tell if someone is lying by reading their micro-expressions correctly. In the article titled "The President's Speech" (Mowa prezydenta), Oliver Sacks argues that people who, as a result of brain damage, are unable to understand speech are nevertheless able to assess the sincerity of the speaker. He even suggests that such skills of interpreting human behaviour may also be possessed by animals, such as domestic dogs. Over the course of the twentieth century, scientific research has shown that there are two pools of genetic variation: one hidden and one expressed. Mutation adds a new genetic variant, while selection removes a variant from the pool of expressed genes. With each generation there is a mutual exchange of variability between the two pools through segregation and recombination. Plants growing on the savanna have a hard time meeting the amino acid needs of herbivorous mammals, such as humans, with their digestive tracts. What's more, neglecting this can have serious consequences: stunted growth, malnutrition, and eventually death. The easiest plant-based protein sources would be the proteins found in leaves and seeds, but for primates like us they are difficult to digest without cooking first. Things are different with animal food (ants, termites, eggs), which is easy to digest and provides large amounts of proteins containing all essential amino acids. Considering all of this, it should come as no surprise that our ancestors solved their "protein problem" in much the same way that chimpanzees do on the savannah today. Sleep interruption involves waking up during normal sleep and going back to sleep after 10 to 60 minutes. It's not hard if you use a relatively quiet alarm clock that wakes you up but doesn't fully wake you up. If you find that you're setting your alarm clock while you're asleep, you can put it on the other side of the room so that you have to get up to turn it off. Other methods based on circadian rhythms recommend drinking a large amount of fluids (especially water or tea, which is diuretic) in order to wake up to urinate. The level of inner peace is inversely proportional to the inner and physical tension of a person. The less stress, the more positive life force. Every person has the potential to find complete peace and contentment. Everyone can attain enlightenment. The only obstacle is our own tension and negative attitude. Tibetan Buddhism is based on the teachings of Buddha, but also includes the path of love of the Mahayana and many techniques of Indian yoga. In essence, Tibetan Buddhism is very simple. It consists of Kundalini yoga, meditation, and the path of all-encompassing love. Kundalini yoga awakens the energy of kundalini (the energy of enlightenment) through the practice of asanas, pranayama, mantras, and visualization. In the center of Tibetan meditation is the yoga of the deities. Through visualization of various deities the energy channels are cleansed, the chakras are activated and the awareness of enlightenment is created. During World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union united against a common enemy, the Germans. But when the war ended, the two countries' radical differences in systems, processes, and cultures drove them apart. Two years had passed since the end of the war, when former allies had become enemies, ushering in the Cold War. It was supposed to last for the next 40 years and include real battles fought by proxy armies from Africa to Asia, Afghanistan, Cuba and other places. By September 17, 1939, the Polish defense had already been broken, and the only hope was to retreat and reorganize along the Romanian bridgehead. However, these plans were quickly rendered obsolete when over 800,000 Soviet Red Army troops formed the Belarusian and Ukrainian fronts after invading eastern Poland, thereby violating the terms of the Riga Peace, the Polish-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, and other international treaties, both bilateral and multilateral. Shipping is by far the most efficient way to move large quantities of goods and people across oceans. The Navy's job has always been to provide the country with the ability to move people and goods while denying the enemy the ability to move their people and goods. The North Atlantic Campaign during World War II was one of the most significant examples in recent history. To help the British, the Americans tried to get men and equipment across the Atlantic Ocean. At the same time, the German navy, mainly using submarines, tried to block these escapes. If the Allies had failed, it is likely that Germany would have conquered the rest of Europe, including Great Britain. Domestication of goats probably occurred in the Zagros Mountains of Iran about 10,000 years ago. People from ancient cultures and tribes began to domesticate them for their milk, wool, meat, and skins. Domestic goats were usually kept in flocks that roamed the hills or other pastures, often guarded by goat-herding dogs, which were usually children or teenagers. These methods of herding are still used. Railways were first built in England in the 16th century. Despite the fact that the tracks were only made of wooden planks, the locomotives were able to move faster and carry heavier loads than the roads of that time. The rails on which the rails were mounted appeared relatively early. However, it was gradually understood that in order to increase the efficiency of the tracks, it was necessary to install iron strips on them. It became a common practice, but the iron wheels caused the wooden wheels of the wagons to wear out more quickly. Eventually, wooden wheels were replaced with iron ones. In 1767, all-iron rails were introduced. The first known method of locomotion was walking; humans began walking upright two million years ago, hence the name Homo Erectus (upright man). Their predecessors, the Australopithecines, did not walk upright. Bipedalism has been found in fossils of Australopithecus dating from 4.2 to 3.9 million years ago, though it is possible that Sahelanthropus was bipedal as far back as seven million years ago. We can begin to live in a more environmentally friendly way, we can join the environmental movement, and we can even take on the role of activists to help reduce the scale of suffering in the future. It often resembles symptomatic treatment. However, in order not to limit oneself to a temporary solution, it is necessary to identify the source of the problem and eliminate it. It is obvious that the world has changed significantly due to scientific and technological progress, and due to overpopulation and extravagant lifestyle, the problems have become more acute. On July 4, when the Declaration of Independence was adopted by Congress, a handwritten copy signed by John Hancock, President of Congress, and Secretary Charles Thomson was sent to John Dunlap's printing office a few blocks away. Between 150 and 200 copies were printed overnight, known today as the "Dunlap broadsides." The document was read publicly for the first time by John Nixon on the steps of Independence Hall on July 8. One of them, dated July 6, was sent to George Washington, who ordered it read to his troops on July 9 in New York. A copy reached London on August 10. The 25 surviving Dunlap broadsides are the oldest known copies of the document. The original manuscript did not survive. Many paleontologists believe that one group of dinosaurs survived to this day. We call them birds. Many people don't think of them as dinosaurs because they have feathers and can fly. However, there are still many things about birds that remind us of dinosaurs. They have scales and claws on their feet, lay eggs and walk on their hind legs like a T-Rex. In fact, all of the computers currently in use are based on the manipulation of information encoded as a binary system. A binary number can have a value of 0 or 1 and such numbers are called binary numbers or bits in computer jargon. Internal poisoning may not manifest itself immediately. Symptoms such as vomiting are so general that they do not provide a basis for an immediate diagnosis. The best indicator of poisoning is the presence of an open package of drugs or toxic household chemicals. Read the instructions on the label to find out how to administer first aid in the case of this particular poisoning. The term "bug" is formally used by entomologists to refer to this group of insects. The term dates back to ancient times, when insects such as fleas, which are highly adapted to parasitizing humans, were common. Both bedbugs and domestic cockroaches are ectoparasites, adapted to living in the nests or homes of their hosts. In the United States, approximately 400,000 cases of multiple sclerosis have been registered, making it the most common neurological disease among adults in the young and middle age groups. MS is a disease that affects the central nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve. Women are two times more likely to develop multiple sclerosis than men, according to the study. The parents may decide that the upbringing of the child is not in their interest or in the interest of the child. These couples can decide to prepare an adoption plan for their child. Adoption involves biological parents giving up their parental rights so that another couple can become the child's parents. The ultimate goal of science is to discover the mechanisms of the world through the scientific method, which forms the basis of most scientific research. However, this is not the only method; an experiment is a test that allows one or more hypotheses to be rejected. Asking questions and observing also guide scientific research. Classical texts, especially the Latin Bible, formed the basis of studies conducted by naturalists and philosophers. Aristotle's views were accepted in all branches of science, including psychology. As the knowledge of Greek declined, the West was cut off from its philosophical and scientific Greek roots. Many observed rhythms in physiology and behavior often depend fundamentally on the existence of endogenous cycles and their creation by biological clocks. Cyclical rhythms that are not simply reactions to external stimuli have been documented for most living organisms, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Biological clocks are self-sustaining oscillators that run through entire cycles, even in the absence of external stimuli. Hershey and Chase's experiment was one of the leading suggestions that DNA was the genetic material. Hershey and Chase used the same bacteriophages or viruses to insert their own DNA. Two experiments were conducted, one using radioactive phosphorus to label the DNA in the fag, and the other using radioactive sulphur to label the protein in the fag. Mutations can have different effects, depending on their type, the importance of the affected part of the genetic material, and whether the affected cells are germ cells or somatic cells. Only mutations in the cells of the germ line can be passed on to children; mutations in other places can lead to cell death or cancer. Nature tourism attracts people interested in visiting natural areas, admiring landscapes, including flora and fauna. Examples of on-site activities include hunting, fishing, photography, bird watching, and visiting parks and learning about the ecosystem. Examples include visiting Borneo, taking photographs and gathering information about orangutans. Every morning people leave their small towns in their cars to go to work, on the way they pass those who are going to the places they just left. This dynamic personal transport system is part of a broader private vehicle-based transport system, and the system supports it in some way. Scientists now believe that the vast coal economy has pushed the biosphere out of its stable state, which had supported human evolution for two million years. Everyone is a member of society and uses public transport. Almost everyone complains about public transport. In developed countries, it is rare to hear complaints about the quality of water or bridges collapsing. Why are there so many complaints about the transport system? Why are there problems every day? Are the engineers just incompetent? Or is the problem much deeper? Traffic flow is the study of the movement of individual drivers and vehicles between two points and the interactions between them. There is no way to predict the behavior of drivers with 100 percent certainty, so unfortunately, traffic flow analysis is difficult. Fortunately, the behavior of drivers falls within a fairly narrow range; therefore, the streams of traffic can also be approximated mathematically. The relationships between the three key properties - flow, density and velocity - allow for a better depiction of traffic flow. Planning, designing, and operating roadway facilities use this type of relationship. Insects were the first animals to take to the air, and their ability to fly has helped them avoid predators and find food and mates more easily. Most insects have a useful ability to fold their wings along the body. This gives them a greater choice of small hiding places from predators. Today, only dragonflies and damselflies lack the ability to fold their wings. Thousands of years ago, a man named Aristarchus claimed that the Solar System revolves around the Sun. There were some who thought he was right, while others believed the opposite, i.e. that the solar system, including the Sun and other stars, revolves around the Earth. It makes sense, doesn't it, because the Earth doesn't look like it's moving, does it? The Amazon is the second-longest river in the world and the largest in the world in terms of volume of water. It carries eight times more water than the second-largest river. The Amazon is also the widest river in the world, and in some places its width is nearly 6 miles. Amazonia is responsible for 20% of the waters that flow into the oceans of the Earth. The Amazon River is 6,387 km (3,980 mi) long and is fed by thousands of tributaries. Although the construction of the stone pyramids lasted until the end of the Old Kingdom, it was never possible to surpass the size and technical perfection of the pyramids of Giza. The ancient Egyptians of the New Kingdom looked with awe at the buildings of their ancestors, which were then more than a thousand years old. The population of the Vatican City is approximately 800 people, making it the smallest sovereign state in the world, as well as the country with the lowest population. The Vatican uses Italian in its legislation and official communications. Most people in this country speak Italian on a daily basis, and Latin is often heard during religious ceremonies. All residents of the Vatican are Roman Catholics. Humans have known the basic chemical elements since ancient times, such as gold, silver, and copper, because they occur naturally in the environment and can be relatively easily extracted using simple tools. Philosopher Aristotle proposed the theory that everything is a combination of at least one of four elements: earth, water, air, and fire. It was more than the four states of matter (in that order): solid, liquid, gas, and plasma, though he also theorized about their transformation into new substances that shape what we see. An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals. It is important to remember that the periodic table contains many elements. Calcium and potassium are considered metals. Of course, silver and gold are also metals. They may also contain small amounts of non-metallic elements, such as carbon. Everything in the universe is made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are so infinitesimally small that the period at the end of this sentence would contain trillions of them. So when the candle was invented, it became a good friend to many people. Unfortunately, with the advent of new ways of writing olive oil, it has lost its status and frequency of use. Nowadays people write messages using computer screens and do not need typewriters at all. You can only wonder what will happen to the keyboard when something new comes along. The atomic bomb works according to the principle that energy is needed to connect the nucleus with many protons and neutrons. It's like pushing a heavy wheelbarrow uphill. A fracture releases some of that energy. Some atoms have unstable nuclei that disintegrate when they are lightly bumped or even when they are not bumped at all. The surface of the Moon is covered with rocks and dust. The outer layer of the planet is called the crust. It has a thickness of about 70 km on the near side and 100 km on the far side. It is thinner under the lunar seas and thicker under the mountains. There may be more maria on the visible side because the crust is thinner and it is easier for lava to reach the surface. Content theories focus on finding what appeals to people and speaks to them. These theories assume that people have certain needs and/or desires that are acquired during the process of maturing into adulthood. These theories are about what makes some people want to do what they do, and what in their environment makes them want to do some things and not others. Two popular theories of motivation are Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. In general, when managers start leading their former peers, there are two types of behaviors that can occur. One is to try to stay "one of the guys" (or one of the girls). This type of manager is reluctant to make unpopular decisions, avoids disciplinary action, and shies away from performance appraisals, job assignments, and evaluating people's work. The second extreme is the unrecognisable transformation into someone who feels they have to change everything the band has done in the past to fit their own vision. Ultimately, the leader is responsible for the team's successes and failures. Such behaviour often leads to friction between leaders and the rest of the group. For virtual teams, the same standards of excellence apply, but there are some differences. Members of a virtual team often function as a point of contact for a physically related group. They often have more freedom than regular team members, because their teams can organize meetings across different time zones, which local management may not understand. The presence of a true "invisible team" (Larson and LaFasto, 1989, p.109) is a unique element of a virtual team. The "invisible group" is the management group that oversees all members. The invisible group sets the standards for each member. Why would a company want to go through the time-consuming process of setting up a learning organization? One of the reasons for implementing a learning organization is innovation. Creativity and ingenuity flourish when all available resources are effectively utilized in the functional areas of the organization. Collaboration within an organization to overcome an obstacle can lead to the creation of an innovative process that meets customer needs. For an organization to become innovative, its leadership must create a culture of innovation, shared knowledge, and learning. Angel (2006) explains Continuum as a method that helps organizations achieve a higher level of functioning. Neurobiological data provide a physical proof of the theoretical approach to the study of knowledge. This narrows the scope of research and makes it more precise. The correlation between brain pathology and progression supports ongoing research. For a long time it has been known that various types of brain damage, injuries, lesions and tumors affect behavior and lead to changes in mental functions. Thanks to new technologies, we can observe and study previously unknown structures of the brain and the processes taking place in it. We get a lot of information and material from there to build models that help us better understand what's going on in the human mind. While artificial intelligence is strongly associated with science fiction, it is a very important branch of computer science, dealing with behavior, learning, and intelligent adaptation of machines. Artificial intelligence research focuses on building machines that can automate intelligent tasks. Examples include: control and planning, the ability to respond to customer statements and questions, and the ability to recognize the character of handwriting, voice, and face. These things became their own disciplines, focusing on providing real-world solutions to real-world problems. Artificial intelligence is now widely used in areas such as economics, medicine, engineering and military technology, and is also built into several applications used in personal computers and video games. Field trips are an important part of every lesson. Often, a teacher would love to take her students to places that buses can't reach. The technology allows for virtual field trips. Students can visit museums, aquariums, or view works of art, all from the comfort of their classroom. By sharing a virtual field trip, you can stimulate reflection on the topic and share experiences with other classes. For example, each year the students at Bennet Middle School in North Carolina design a website about their trip to the state capital; each year the website is changed, but the old versions remain online as an album. Blogs can help students improve their writing. Often at the beginning of blogging, grammar and spelling are not at the highest level, but the presence of readers usually changes that. The blogger is starting to take steps to improve the quality of his writing and avoid criticism, as students often give the harshest reviews. Furthermore, blogging "makes students better understand the world around them." The need to respond to the interests of the audience inspires students to offer intelligent and interesting content (Toto, 2004). Blogging is a tool that inspires collaboration and encourages students to extend their learning beyond the traditional school day. Through the proper use of blogs, "students can become more analytical and critical; by actively responding to online postings, they can define their position in relation to the work of others and develop their own perspective on certain issues" (Oravec, 2002). Ottawa is a charming, bilingual capital of Canada with many art galleries and museums presenting Canada's past and present. To the south lies the Niagara Falls, while to the north lies the virginal beauty of the Muskoka and surrounding regions. All of these things - and more - clearly indicate that Ontario is seen by outsiders as the quintessence of Canada. The more northerly areas are sparsely populated, some of them are virtually uninhabited. This comparison surprises many people: the number of African-Americans living in the United States exceeds the number of Canadians. The East African Islands are located in the Indian Ocean to the east of the coast of Africa. Madagascar is undoubtedly the largest, and due to its flora and fauna it is a separate continent. Most of the smaller islands are independent or associated with France and are known for their luxurious seaside resorts. The Arabs also brought Islam to these lands, which was enthusiastically adopted in Comoros and Mayotte. European expansion and colonialism began in the 15th century when Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama discovered a sea route from Europe to India. The region is bordered to the north by Saheel, to the south and west by the Atlantic Ocean. Women: It is recommended that every woman travelling disguises herself as a married woman, regardless of her true civil status. It also helps to wear a ring (as long as it doesn't look too expensive. Women should be aware that cultural differences can lead to behaviors that are perceived as harassment, which can often be observed, grabbed by the hand, etc. Firmly say no to men and don't be afraid to stand your ground (cultural differences don't mean you have to!). The modern city of Casablanca was founded in the 10th century by Berber fishermen and served the Phoenicians, Romans, and Merinids as a strategic port known as Anfa. The Portuguese destroyed it and rebuilt it as Casa Branca, but abandoned it after the 1755 earthquake. The Moroccan sultan rebuilt the city as Daru-I-Badya, and the Spanish merchants who had trading posts there named it Casablanca. When it comes to shopping, Casablanca is the last place in Morocco. In the old Medina, it is easy to buy traditional Moroccan goods, such as tajines, ceramics, leather goods, water pipes and all sorts of trinkets, but this is a tourist-oriented offer. Goma is a tourist city in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located on the eastern edge of the country near the border with Rwanda. In 2002, the city of Goma was largely destroyed when the Nyiragongo volcano erupted and lava buried most of the city's streets, especially its center. While Goma is relatively safe, all visits outside the city should be assessed for the security situation in North Kivu province. From the city, you can climb the volcano Nyiragongo, and track mountain gorillas, which is one of the cheapest options for this attraction in Africa. You can use motorcycle taxis (called boda-boda) to move around in Goma. The standard (local) price for a short trip is around 500 Congolese francs. In the context of its relatively remote location, "Timbuktu" became a metaphor for exotic and distant lands. Today, Timbuktu is a poor city, but its reputation attracts tourists, and it has an airport. In 1990, the city was placed on the list of endangered World Heritage Sites due to desertification. It was one of the main stops on Henry Louis Gates' PBS special "African American World." This city is very different from the rest of the country because it has a more Arab than African climate. The Kruger National Park (KNP) is located in northeastern South Africa, bordering Mozambique to the east, Zimbabwe to the north, and the Crocodile River to the south. The park covers an area of 19,500 km² and is divided into 14 different ecoregions, characterized by different flora and fauna. It is one of the most popular attractions in South Africa and is considered the flagship of the South African National Parks (SANParks). There are daily conservation fees and park entry fees here, as in all other South African national parks. Buying a wild card can be advantageous as it allows access to selected parks in Southern Africa or all national parks in South Africa. The territory of Hong Kong takes its name from the island of Hong Kong, which is a major attraction for many tourists. The tightly packed buildings of Hong Kong have been compared to a glossy bar chart superimposed on a map of Victoria Harbour. The best views of Hong Kong can be seen from the Kowloon waterfront across the city. Most of the urban development of Hong Kong Island is concentrated on reclaimed land along the northern shore. This is an area occupied by British colonisers, so it is a good place to start looking for traces of the colonial past of this territory. The Sundarbans are the world's largest mangrove forest, stretching 80 km (50 miles) inland from the coast of Bangladesh and India. The Sundarbans has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The part of the forest located in India is called the Sundarban National Park. But the forests are not just mangrove swamps - they are also the last remnants of the vast jungles that once covered the Indian subcontinent. The Sundarbans have an area of 3,850 km², of which about a third is covered by water and swamps. Since 1966, the Sundarbans has been a wildlife sanctuary, and it is estimated that there are now about 400 Bengal tigers and about 30,000 spotted deer. Buses depart from the regional bus station (on the other side of the river) throughout the day, although most depart between 6:30 and 7:30, especially those heading east and to Jakar / Bumthang. It is better to buy tickets in advance, as buses running between districts are often overcrowded. Most districts are served by small Japanese coastal buses, comfortable and durable. Shared taxis are a quick and comfortable way to get to places nearby, such as Paro (Nu 150) and Punakha (Nu 200). The Oyapock River Bridge is a suspension bridge that connects the Brazilian city of Oiapoque with Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock in French Guiana. The two towers have a height of 83 metres, its length is 378 metres and has two traffic lanes with a width of 3.5 metres. The vertical clearance of the bridge is 50 feet. Construction was completed in August 2011, but the bridge was not opened until March 2017. According to the plan, the bridge will be commissioned in September 2017, when the Brazilian customs posts are expected to be completed. The Guarani were the most important indigenous group in the region of present-day eastern Paraguay, living a semi-nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle and practicing subsistence agriculture to meet their own needs. The Chaco region was home to other indigenous peoples, such as the Guaycurú and Payaguá, who survived through hunting, gathering, and fishing. Paraguay, formerly known as the "Great Province of India", was established in the 16th century as a result of conflict between Spanish conquistadors and indigenous groups. The Spanish began a three-century period of colonization. Since its founding in 1537, Paraguay has managed to preserve much of its original character and identity. Argentina is well known for having one of the best polo teams and some of the best players in the world. The biggest tournament of the year takes place at Las Cañitas polo fields in December. In other months, you can also find smaller tournaments and competitions. The Argentine Polo Association offers more information about the tournaments and tickets for polo matches. The official currency of the Falkland Islands is the Falkland pound (FKP), which is equal to the British pound (GBP). Money can be exchanged in the only bank on the islands, located in Stanley opposite the FIC West shop. In general, pounds sterling are accepted throughout the islands, credit cards are accepted in Stanley, and dollars are often accepted as well. Don't count on being able to pay by card on the most remote islands, although British and American currency may be accepted; it's best to check with the owner in advance. It is almost impossible to exchange Falkland currency outside the islands, so it is necessary to exchange money before leaving the islands. Because Montevideo is located south of the equator, it is summer there when it is winter in the northern hemisphere, and vice versa. Montevideo is located in the tropics, which means that temperatures often exceed 30°C in the summer months. Winter can be colder than it seems: temperatures rarely drop below freezing, but the combination of wind and humidity makes it feel colder than the thermometer shows. There is no such thing as a "dry" and "rainy" season, the amount of rainfall is more or less the same throughout the year. While many of the animals in the park have become accustomed to the presence of humans, they are wild animals and should not be fed or disturbed. Park officials recommend staying at least 100 yards/meters away from bears and wolves and 25 yards/meters away from all other wildlife! While they may look cuddly, bears, moose, bears and almost all large animals can attack. Each year dozens of visitors are injured because they don't keep a safe distance. These are large, wild and potentially dangerous animals that need space. In addition, be aware that odors attract bears and other wildlife, so avoid cooking or handling strong-smelling foods, and keep your campsite clean. Apia is the capital of Samoa, located on the island of Upolu and home to about 40,000 people. The city of Apia was founded in the 1850s and became the capital of Samoa in 1959. It was here in 1889 that seven ships from Germany, the United States and Britain refused to leave port. All of the ships sank except for one British cruiser. Almost 200 Americans and Germans lost their lives. During the fight for independence led by the Mau movement, a peaceful gathering in the city ended in the killing of the main leader Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III. Auckland stretches between two harbours, so there are plenty of beaches, and the most popular ones are in three areas. The northern beaches (in the North Harbour district) are on the Pacific Ocean and stretch from Long Bay in the north to Devonport in the south. Nearly all the beaches are sandy, with safe swimming pools, and most are shaded by metrosideros trees. Tamaki Drive beaches are located in the Waitemata Harbour, in the affluent suburbs of Mission Bay and St Heliers in central Auckland. These are often crowded family beaches with a wide choice of shops lining the promenade. Swimming is safe. The main local beer is "Number One", which is not a complicated beer, but a pleasant and refreshing one. The second local beer is "Manta". It's a good idea to have a variety of French wines, but New Zealand and Australian wines may be better suited to travel. You can drink water from the tap here without any worries, but if someone has doubts, it is easy to find bottled water. Australians are unfamiliar with the concept of a flat white. A small black is an "espresso", a cappuccino is filled to the brim with foam (not milk), and tea is served without milk. The hot chocolate is up to Belgian standards, the fruit juices are expensive but delicious. Many rafting trips are year-round, and injuries on the river are rare. However, follow the advice of authorities, heed all warning signs and pay close attention to safety warnings. Cockles can be found near beaches and estuaries from October to April, north of 1770. They can also be found at other times of the year. No one denies the existence of sharks, but attacks on humans are rare. Most sharks are afraid of humans and swim away. The saltwater crocodiles do not lead an active life in the oceans, their main habitat is the river mouths north of Rockhampton. Booking in advance means the traveller doesn't have to worry about where they're going to sleep when they arrive at their destination. Travel agencies usually cooperate with specific hotels, although it is possible to book a different form of accommodation, e.g. camping, with a tourist agent. Travel agencies offer packages that include breakfast, transport from/to the airport, as well as combined flights and hotel packages. Your reservation can be extended if you need time to consider the offer or to obtain other documents required at the destination (e.g. visa). Any corrections or requests should be sent first to the travel agency, not directly to the hotel. For music festivals, the vast majority of attendees choose to camp on-site, and most consider it an essential part of the experience. If you want to be close to the action, you need to get there early to find a camping spot near the music. Remember that even after the main stage performances are over, there will still be music in some sectors of the festival until late at night. Some festivals offer camping sites for families with small children. If you cross the Baltic Sea in winter, check the position of the cabin, as the journey across the ice is very noisy for those most affected. Cruises around St. Petersburg include time in the city. Cruise ship passengers do not need visas (check the conditions). Casinos usually want their guests to stay as long as possible and spend as much money as possible, so there are no windows or clocks, and the exit is hard to find. They usually have special offers for snacks, drinks and entertainment to ensure their guests are in a good mood and keep them there. Some establishments offer alcoholic drinks at the company's expense, but drunkenness is frowned upon and all discerning gamblers know the value of a sober mind. When travelling at high latitudes or over mountain passes, conditions such as snow, ice and temperatures below zero should be taken into account. On icy and snowy roads, there is a little bit of slippage, so you can't drive as fast as you can on a clean asphalt road. When a blizzard hits, it can dump so much snow so quickly that roads become impassable. Poor visibility can also be caused by falling or blowing snow, rain or ice on windshields. On the other hand, ice and snow are normal conditions in many countries where traffic runs smoothly throughout the year. Safari is probably the biggest tourist attraction in Africa and the most important event for many visitors. The term safari is popularly used to refer to land-based journeys undertaken for the purpose of observing African wildlife, especially on the savannah. Some animals, such as elephants and giraffes, often come close to cars, and standard equipment makes it easy to observe them. Lions, cheetahs, and giraffes can be skittish, so it's best to observe them through a spotting scope. A walking safari ("a walk in the bush") can last from a few hours to a few days. The Paralympic Games will be held from 24 August to 5 September 2012. Some events will be held in other locations in Japan. Tokyo will be the only Asian city to have hosted the Summer Olympics twice (the first time was in 1964). If you booked a flight and accommodation for 2020 before the date change, you may find yourself in a difficult situation. Cancellation policies vary, but most coronavirus-related cancellations don't cover July 2020, when the Olympics were scheduled to take place. Prices for most events are expected to range from 2,500 yen to 130,000 yen, with an average ticket price of around 7,000 yen. Ironing can speed up the drying of damp clothes. Many hotels provide irons and ironing boards if they are not provided in the room. If you don't have an iron or don't care about wearing wrinkled socks, you can try using a hair dryer if one is available. The fabric cannot be subjected to excessive heating as it may shrink or burn in extreme cases. There are many ways to purify water, and some are more effective at combating specific threats. Depending on the area, the water needs to be boiled for one minute or a few minutes. Filters have different efficiencies, so if you're concerned, consider buying bottled water from a reputable company. Travelers may encounter pests that are not native to their home countries. Pests destroy food, cause irritation or, in the worst case, allergic reactions, secrete poison and transmit infections. Usually pests do not include infectious diseases or dangerous animals that can injure or kill people. Tax-free shopping gives the opportunity to buy tax-free goods in certain places. Travellers visiting countries with particularly high taxes can sometimes save a lot of money, especially on items such as alcohol and tobacco. The toughest stretch of the Buffalo-Pittsburgh highway is between Point Marion and Fairmont, often cutting through remote wooded areas. If you're not used to driving on country roads, keep your eyes peeled for steep inclines, narrow stretches and sharp bends. The posted speed limits are much lower than those on the preceding and succeeding sections (usually 35–40 mph, or 56–64 km/h), and strict adherence to them is extremely important. What is interesting, however, is that the cellular network has a much stronger signal here than on many other parts of the route, such as the Pennsylvania Wilds region. German baked goods are quite tasty, and the Bavarian ones stand out for their nutritional value and variety, just as in Austria, which borders Bavaria to the south. Fruit pies are very popular, with baked apples available all year round and cherry and plum pies in the summer. Many German pastries include walnuts, hazelnuts, and other nuts. Popular pastries often pair particularly well with a strong cup of coffee. If you want something small but tasty, try Berliner, Pfannkuchen or Krapfen, depending on the region. Curry is a dish based on spices and herbs served with meat or vegetables. Curry can be "dry" or "wet" depending on the amount of liquid. In northern India and Pakistan, yogurt is a common accompaniment to curries, while in southern India and some coastal regions of the subcontinent, coconut milk is used. Because there are 17,000 islands, Indonesian cuisine encompasses a wide range of regional cuisines from all over the country. This term is usually used to refer to the typical cuisine of the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, which is the most important island in the region. Javanese cuisine, now easily available throughout the archipelago, includes plainly prepared dishes, and the Javanese favorites are ground peanuts, chili peppers, and various aromatic spices. The stirrups are the supports for the rider's feet that hang on either side of the saddle. They provide the rider with more stability, but can cause safety concerns due to the possibility of getting a foot caught in them. If a rider is thrown from a horse and their foot gets caught in the stirrup, a bolting horse can drag them. There are various safety measures that can be taken to minimize the risk of this happening. Most jockeys wear riding boots with occasional and smooth, fairly narrow soles. Some saddles, especially English ones, are equipped with safety devices that cause the stirrups to drop off the saddle if the rider falls backwards. The Cochamó Valley is the most important climbing area in Chile, known as the Yosemite of South America and offering a variety of large granite walls and towers. The views from the summits are spectacular, and climbers from all over the world continue to establish new routes among the endless possibilities of the walls. Winter sports such as downhill skiing or snowboarding are popular sports that involve sliding down snow-covered terrain on skis or a snowboard. Skiing is the main activity for many enthusiasts, sometimes called "ski bums," who plan entire vacations around skiing in a particular place. Skiing has a very long history - 5000 years ago, skiers were painted on cave walls! Alpine skiing as a sport dates back at least to the 17th century, and in 1861, Norwegians opened the first recreational ski resort in Australia. Cross-country skiing: this activity is also known as ski touring, skitouring or ski hiking. There are some similarities to alpine skiing and mountaineering, but unlike those sports, the route does not traverse steep terrain and does not require sturdier skis and boots. Think of the ski trail as similar to a hiking trail. In favourable conditions you can cover slightly longer distances than when walking, but only in rare cases will you reach running speeds, and that only if you are without a heavy backpack and the route is suitably prepared. Europe is a relatively small continent, but it is made up of many independent countries. In normal circumstances, travelling through several countries would mean having to apply for many visas and go through many passport checks. In this respect, the Schengen area functions to some extent as a single state. As long as you stay in this region, you can generally cross borders without having to go through passport control again. Similarly, with a Schengen visa, there is no need to apply separately for a visa to each Schengen member state, which saves time and money and reduces bureaucracy. There is no universal definition of what constitutes an antique, and some tax agencies consider anything over 100 years old to be an antique. This definition varies geographically, and the age of consent may be lower in North America than in Europe. Handicrafts can be called antiques, although they are younger than mass-produced goods. Many Saami rely on reindeer herding for their livelihood, and reindeer herding culture is important to people in other occupations as well. Traditionally, the Sami have not only engaged in large-scale reindeer herding, but also fishing, hunting, etc., with reindeer mainly serving as draught animals. Today, many Sami work in modern sectors. Tourism is an important part of the economy in Laponia, where the Sami live. The word "Gypsy" is heard frequently, especially among people who are not themselves Roma, but it is often considered offensive because it evokes negative stereotypes and misconceptions about Roma. If the country you are travelling to is subject to travel regulations, this may affect your health insurance or travel cancellation insurance. You can also check out what other governments are advising their own citizens. For example, in the Middle East, Americans may be treated differently than Europeans or Arabs. Political consulting is only a short summary of the political situation in a given country. The opinions presented are often superficial, general, and oversimplified compared to other available information. Unfavourable weather conditions are a general term for any dangerous atmospheric phenomenon that can cause damage, serious disruption of the social life or death of people. Difficult weather conditions can occur anywhere in the world and can vary depending on the geographic location, topography, and atmospheric conditions. Extreme weather events include strong winds, hail, flash flooding, uncontrolled fires, lightning storms, tornadoes, water spouts and cyclones. Extreme seasonal weather conditions in the region include blizzards, snowstorms, ice storms, and blizzards. Travellers are advised to be aware of the risk of adverse weather conditions in their area as they may affect their travel plans. If you plan to travel to a country considered a war zone, you should undergo professional training. If you search the Internet for "Course on hostile environment," you are likely to find the address of a local company. The course usually covers all the topics discussed here, much more thoroughly and in combination with practice. The course usually lasts two to five days and includes role-playing exercises, a lot of first-aid training, and sometimes firearms training. There are many books and magazines on the subject of survival, but there are very few on the subject of wartime survival. Those planning to undergo gender reassignment surgery abroad must carry important documents for their return journey. Governments will respond differently to issuing passports without gender (X) or updating names and genders in documents according to the wishes of applicants. The willingness of foreign governments to recognize these documents is just as varied. Following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, security guards began conducting much more rigorous searches. Transgender people should not have to expect that their privacy and dignity will not be violated during scans. Rip currents are formed by waves breaking on a beach, reef or similar barrier. The subsurface topography causes the return flow to occur mainly on a few deeper levels and may form a fast current flowing towards the deep waters. Death usually results from exhaustion caused by trying to swim against the current, which is not always possible. Once you get out of the current, getting back in shouldn't be any more difficult than normal. Try to get to a place where you won't be swept away again, or wait for rescue, taking into account your skills and whether anyone has seen you. The return shock comes faster than the cultural shock (the "honeymoon period" is shorter), lasts longer and can have more serious consequences. Tourists who easily adapted to the new culture sometimes have a hard time readjusting to their home culture. Returning home after a period of living abroad, you are accustomed to a new culture and have lost some of the habits associated with your national culture. During your first trips abroad, people probably treated you with patience and understanding, knowing that a traveler arriving in a foreign country has to adapt. People often don't realize that travelers returning home also need patience and understanding. The light and sound show on the pyramid is one of the most popular attractions for children in the area. You can see the pyramids at dawn and in silence before the show starts. You usually hear the sounds of tourists and vendors here. The story told by sound and light is like a fairy tale book. The Sphinx serves as a backdrop and narrator for a long story. Scenes are projected on the pyramids and different pyramids are illuminated. Discovered in 1819, the South Shetlands are claimed by several countries and have the largest number of bases, of which 16 were active in 2020. The archipelago is 120 km (75 mi) north of the peninsula. King George Island, home to Villa Las Estrellas, is the largest of the islands. Other islands include Livingstone Island and Sullivan Island, where an active volcano's caldera filled with water forms a picturesque natural harbor. Ellsworth Land lies north of the Peninsula and is surrounded by the Bellingshausen Sea. The mountains here merge into a plateau, then rise again to form the 360-mile-long Ellsworth Range, bisected by the Minnesota Glacier. In the northern part of the Sentinel Range are the highest mountains in Antarctica, Vinson Massif, with the highest peak at 4,892 m. In remote areas where there is no cell phone service, a satellite phone may be the only option. A satellite phone is generally not a substitute for a cell phone because you have to go outside and have a clear view of the satellite to make a call. The service is often used in shipping, including recreational vessels and during expeditions requiring remote data and voice services. Your local telecommunications provider should provide more information about this service. Among those planning to take a year out, travel and study options are becoming increasingly popular. It is a popular choice for school leavers, giving them a year's break before starting university, without any detriment to their education. Participating in a year-long study abroad program can significantly improve your chances of obtaining a higher education in your home country. Most educational programs charge a tuition fee for enrollment. Finland offers ideal conditions for boating holidays. This "land of a thousand lakes" is also rich in islands, of which there are thousands in the lakes and coastal archipelagos. In archipelagos and lakes, a yacht is not necessarily required. While the coastal archipelagos and largest lakes are large enough for all yachts, the smaller lakes or even a kayak provide different experiences. Boating is a national hobby in Finland, with one boat for every seven or eight people. Norway, Sweden and New Zealand have similar statistical indicators, but this is still an exceptional result compared to countries such as the Netherlands, where one boat is owned by forty citizens. Extended stays in St. Petersburg are included in the itineraries of most Baltic cruises. This means you can explore the historic city for a few days and then return to the boat at night. If you go ashore only on cruise ship excursions, you don't need a separate visa (as of 2009). Some cruises include Berlin in their itinerary. The map above clearly shows that Berlin is not located on the sea or near it, so a visit to this city is not included in the cruise price. Flying can be a terrifying experience for people of all ages, especially if they haven't flown before or have had a traumatic experience. There is nothing to be ashamed of: it is no different from the fears and prejudices common to many people. Some people can overcome their fear of the unknown or lack of control if they learn the rules of flying and the mechanics of flight. Courier companies make good money on fast deliveries. Often time plays a crucial role when it comes to business documents or goods or spare parts needed for urgent repairs. On some routes, larger companies have their own planes, but this was problematic for other routes and smaller companies. If they were shipped by air, the unloading and customs clearance could take several days on some routes. The only way to send it faster is to give it as checked baggage. Airline regulations don't allow you to send baggage without a passenger, and that's where you come in. The most obvious way to fly in first or business class is to pay a lot of money for the privilege (or even better, have a company do it for you). However, this is an expensive option: on average, we pay four times more for a business class ticket than for an economy class ticket, and eleven times more for a first class ticket! In general, it is not worthwhile to search for discounts for business class or first class direct flights from point A to point B. Airlines know that there is a certain group of travellers who are willing to pay any price to get to their destination quickly and comfortably, and they take this into account when setting their prices. Chişinău is the capital of Moldova, where the local language is Romanian, although Russian is also widely spoken. Moldova is a multi-ethnic republic experiencing ethnic conflicts. In 1994, this conflict led to the formation of the self-proclaimed Transnistrian Moldavian Republic in eastern Moldova, with its own government and currency, but the member states of the UN do not recognize it. Despite the failure of political negotiations, economic ties were restored between the two parts of Moldova. Orthodoxy is the dominant religion in Moldova. Izmir is the third-largest city in Turkey, with a population of about 3.7 million, it is also the second-largest port, after Istanbul, and a very good transport hub. Once it was the ancient city of Smyrna, now it is a modern, developed and vibrant commercial centre built around a huge bay and surrounded by mountains. Wide boulevards, glass-fronted buildings and modern shopping malls co-exist with traditional red-tiled roofs, an 18th-century market, old mosques and churches, although the city has an atmosphere more reminiscent of Mediterranean Europe than traditional Turkey. From the village of Haldarsvík you can see the nearby island of Eysturoy and there is an unusual octagonal church there. There are some interesting marble sculptures of doves on some of the tombstones in the cemetery next to the church. It's worth taking a half-hour stroll around this intriguing village. Nearby to the north is the romantic and fascinating town of Sintra, made famous by Lord Byron's enthusiastic description of its splendours. Bus Scotturb number 403 runs regular services to Sintra and has a stop at Cabo da Roca. In the northern part of the region, it is also worth visiting the magnificent Fatima Sanctuary, famous all over the world for the apparitions of the Virgin Mary. Remember that you are in a place that is a great cemetery of immense importance to a significant part of the world's population. Still alive are many men and women who survived here, and many more whose relatives were murdered or tortured to death, both Jews and non-Jews. Please treat this website with the appropriate dignity, seriousness and respect. Please do not joke about the Holocaust or the Nazis. Do not paint the walls by marking or creating graffiti on the constructions. The official languages of Barcelona are Catalan and Spanish. About half of the population prefers to speak Catalan, a large majority understands it, and almost everyone speaks Spanish. However, most signs only have a Catalan version, as Catalan is the first official language. However, Spanish is also commonly used in public transportation and other places. Regular announcements in the metro are only made in Catalan, but unscheduled announcements are made by the automatic system in several languages, including Spanish, English, French, Arabic and Japanese. Parisians are considered to be egocentric, boastful and arrogant. Although this is often a false stereotype, in Paris it is best to behave as if you are "bien élevé" (well-mannered). This will make it easier to interact with others. Parisians' rough exterior melts away when you display good manners. The Plitvice Lakes National Park is densely forested, mainly with beeches, spruces and firs, but also with alpine and Mediterranean vegetation. The diverse microclimates, soil conditions, and elevations above sea level result in an exceptional diversity of plant communities. This area is also home to an enormous number of different animal and bird species. There are rare animal species such as the European brown bear, the wolf, the eagle, the owl, the lynx, the beaver and the otter, as well as many other common species. Women must cover their knees and shoulders when visiting monasteries. In most monasteries, women who are inappropriately dressed are given a scarf, but it is best to have your own, especially a brightly colored one, to see a smile on the face of the monk or nun as you enter the temple. Similarly, men are required to wear trousers that cover their knees. Men can also borrow skirts to cover their knees at the entrance, but they are not laundered on a daily basis, so not everyone will feel comfortable wearing one. One size fits all for men! The cuisine of Majorca, as in other similar Mediterranean areas, is based on bread, vegetables and meat (especially pork) as well as olive oil. A simple, popular meal, especially in summer, is Pa amb Oli: bread with olive oil, tomato, and any available additions, such as cheese, tuna, etc. All nouns are written with a capital letter, even if they occur in the middle of a sentence, including the word "Sie", which is a polite form of address meaning "Mr./Mrs./Ms.". This is an important method of distinguishing some sentences from their complements. It can be argued that it makes reading easier, but writing can be difficult because you have to decide whether the verb or adjective is being used as a noun. Italian pronunciation is relatively straightforward - most words are pronounced as they are written. Special attention should be paid to the letters "c" and "g", as they are pronounced differently depending on the vowel that follows them. Remember also that the single "r" is pronounced differently from the double "rr": "caro" means "dear" and "carro" means "carriage." Persian grammar is relatively simple and regular. Therefore, reading this Persian grammar book for beginners will help you get to know the Persian grammar and better understand the expressions. It goes without saying that if you know any of the Romance languages, it will be easier for you to learn Portuguese. People who know even a little bit of Spanish can quickly tell you that Portuguese is so similar that you don't need to learn it separately. Observatories from the pre-modern era are now obsolete and are replaced by museums or educational centers. Because light pollution was not as much of a problem in their heyday, they are usually found in cities or campuses, which are easier to access than those built today. Most modern research telescopes are huge devices located in remote locations with favorable atmospheric conditions. The practice of contemplating cherry blossoms, known as hanami, has been a part of Japanese culture since the eighth century. The idea came from China, where peach blossoms were the most popular flowers. In Japan, the emperor held the first cherry blossom viewing parties exclusively for himself and other members of the imperial court. Plants look their best in their natural habitat, so don't be tempted to take "just one" specimen. When visiting a formal garden, don't collect "souvenirs" as this will result in immediate expulsion. Singapore is generally a very safe place to be, easy to get around, and you can buy almost anything once you arrive. In the tropics, just a few degrees north of the equator, you have to deal with heat (always) and strong sunlight (when the sky is clear – less often). There are also a few buses that go north to Hebron, the traditional burial place of the biblical patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and their wives. Make sure the bus you want to take goes to Hebron, not just the nearby Jewish settlement of Kiryat Arba. Inland waterways can be a good idea for a holiday. For example, visiting the castles of the Loire Valley, the Rhine Valley or a trip to interesting cities on the Danube or a cruise on the Erie Canal. They also define the routes of well-known hiking and cycling trails. Christmas, commemorating the birth of Jesus, is one of the most important Christian holidays. Even non-Christians in Christian countries and people of other faiths around the world have embraced many of the traditions that surround these holidays. According to a certain tradition, the Easter night is spent in an open place, waiting for the sunrise. Of course, there are Christian theological explanations for this tradition, but it could just as well be a pre-Christian spring and fertility ritual. Churches with a more traditional approach celebrate the Easter Vigil on the evening of Holy Saturday, and worshippers often begin celebrating the resurrection of Christ when the clock strikes midnight. All the animals that were the first to arrive on the island came by sea, either by swimming, flying, or floating. The distance from the mainland was so great that mammals were unable to get there, so the Galapagos giant tortoise became the predominant species on the Galapagos. As soon as humans arrived on the Galapagos, numerous mammals appeared, such as goats, horses, cows, rats, cats, and dogs. If you go to the Arctic or Antarctica in winter, you will experience a polar night, when the sun does not rise above the horizon. It's a good way to see the Northern Lights because the sky will be dark for most of the day. These areas are sparsely populated and light pollution is rare, so you can also enjoy the view of the stars. Japanese work culture is more hierarchical and formal than the work culture to which Westerners are accustomed. A suit is the standard business attire, and co-workers address each other by their first names or by their titles. Workplace harmony is crucial and emphasizes group effort rather than individual achievement. Employees usually have to get permission from their superiors to make decisions on their own, and they also have to follow orders without asking any questions.