---
license: apache-2.0
language:
- en
base_model:
- nasa-impact/nasa-smd-ibm-v0.1
pipeline_tag: text-classification
tags:
- unified
- astronomy
- thesaurus
- uat
widget:
- text: Solar Observations by Angelo Secchi. I. Digitization of Original Documents
    and Analysis of Group Numbers over the Period of 1853-1878. Angelo Secchi, an
    Italian Jesuit and prominent scientist of the 19th century, and one of the founders
    of modern astrophysics, observed the Sun regularly at the Collegio Romano in Rome,
    Italy, for more than 25 yr. Results from his observations are reported in articles
    published in the scientific journals of the time, as well as in drawings and personal
    notebooks that are stored in the historical archive of the Istituto Nazionale
    di Astrofisica Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma. The latter material, which reports
    solar observations performed from 1853-1878, includes original documents from
    Secchi and from a few of his close collaborators. The above unique material has
    recently been digitized for preservation purposes and for allowing the scientific
    exploitation of data not easily accessible so far. A total of more than 5400 digital
    images have been produced. Here we present the archival material and the new digital
    data derived from it. We also present results obtained from our primary analysis
    of the new digital data. In particular, we produced new measurements of the group
    number from 1853-1878, which will be available for future recalibration of the
    group number series.
  example_title: Solar Observations by Angelo Secchi
- text: 'Disk-resolved Photometric Properties of Pluto and the Coloring Materials
    across its Surface. A multiwavelength regionally dependent photometric analysis
    of Pluto''s anti-Charon-facing hemisphere using images collected by New Horizons''
    Multispectral Visible Imaging Camera (MVIC) reveals large variations in the absolute
    value and spectral slope of the single-scattering albedo. Four regions of interest
    are analyzed: the dark equatorial belt, Pluto''s north pole, nitrogen-rich regions,
    and the mid-latitude terrains. Regions dominated by volatile ices such as Lowell
    Regio and Sputnik Planitia present single-scattering albedos of ∼0.98 at 492 nm,
    almost neutral across MVIC''s visible wavelength range (400-910 nm), indicating
    limited contributions from tholin materials. Pluto''s dark equatorial regions,
    informally named Cthulhu and Krun Maculae, have single-scattering albedos of ∼0.16
    at 492 nm and are the reddest regions. Applying the Hapke radiative transfer model
    to combined MVIC and Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (LEISA) spectra (400-2500
    nm) of Cthulhu Macula and Lowell Regio successfully reproduces the spectral properties
    of these two regions of dramatically disparate coloration, composition, and morphology.
    Since this model uses only a single coloring agent, very similar to the Titan-like
    tholin of Khare et al., to account for all of Pluto''s colors, this result supports
    the Grundy et al. conclusion that Pluto''s coloration is the result of photochemical
    products mostly produced in the atmosphere. Although cosmic rays and extreme ultraviolet
    photons reach Pluto''s surface where they can drive chemical processing, observations
    of diverse surface colors do not require different chemical products produced
    in different environments. We report a correction scaling factor in the LEISA
    radiometric calibration of 0.74 ± 0.05.'
  example_title: Photometric Properties of Pluto
---

# KAILAS
KAILAS (aka Keyword Labeler At SciX aka Indus-UAT-Labeler aka nasa-smd-ibm-v0.1_UAT_Labeler) is a RoBERTa-based, Encoder-only transformer model, domain-adapted for NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) applications. It's fine-tuned on scientific journals and articles relevant to NASA SMD, aiming to enhance natural language technologies like information retrieval and intelligent search.  
This specific fork was finetuned on SciX Digital Library (https://scixplorer.org/, formerly NASA-ADS) proprietary data to label text with UAT labels (https://astrothesaurus.org/)

## Model Details
- **Base Model**: RoBERTa
- **Tokenizer**: Custom
- **Parameters**: 125M

## Training Data
- 18K titles, abstracts, body and acknowledgments from recent, quality astronomy papers
- approximately 217M tokens

# Contact
KAILAS is maintained by [Dr. Felix Grezes](https://scixplorer.org/scixabout/team/team/fgrezes.html) and [Dr. Jennifer Lynn Bartlett](https://scixplorer.org/scixabout/team/team/jbartlett.html).
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