Call your doctor if you’ve never had cold sore symptoms before.

Get a water hose, open tap, or shower and soak the victim with fresh, clean water. Continue to pour water on the areas with acid for 20 minutes at least. Rotate the stream of water, so that the acid is pushed away from the victim’s body and onto the ground.  The water must be clean or you risk causing an infection within the forming burns. If you only have a water bottle, go ahead and use it on the wounds. However, yell out to others for more water or move the victim closer to a water source. If acid gets into the eye, it can burn through the cornea and cause blindness. If you suspect that the victim’s eye has acid on it, have them bend their head downwards. Pour a stream of clean water over the eye for 20 minutes or as long as possible.  If you can, gently open the victim’s eyelid, so that the water actually reaches the eye itself. Otherwise, the acid can stay hidden under the lid and continue to burn. Avoid touching the eye itself, as you could contaminate the burn. If the person is lying or sitting on the ground, don’t let them lie in a pool of water after rinsing them off. You may need to move them a few times during the rinsing process. If they can stand with assistance at the water’s source, such as a shower, then that is even better.

TL;DR in English: Flush the injured area with water. Rinse out an affected eye by holding it under running water. Move the victim away from the flushed water.
###
To create the tuna rolls, you'll need a bamboo sushi mat. Set the mat out on your work surface with the slats running horizontally and cover it with a piece of plastic wrap. Next, lay half a sheet of nori on top of the plastic wrap on the mat.  Nori is an edible seaweed used to make sushi rolls. You can usually purchase it at Asian grocery stores and in the international foods aisle of some general markets. When you cut the sheet of nori in half, slice it horizontally. Make sure that the shiny side of the nori is facing down when you place it on the mat. Use your hands to carefully hold the rice in place as you flip it over. Make sure to line up the edge of the nori with the bottom edge of the bamboo mat.

TL;DR in English: Place the nori on a bamboo mat. Turn the nori over so the rice is facing down.
###
Sign in if your're not automatically logged in. It's the blue f in a white square in the upper-left part of the window. It's in the left pane under "EXPLORE."  If the window doesn't open to the Page(s) you own or administer, click the Your Pages tab at the top of the window. You must be a Page admin to give someone else an admin role. Choose the page to which you'd like to add an admin. It's in the white bar in the upper-right corner of the window. It's near the center of the menu in the left part of the window. It's in the left pane of the window. Type the email address of the person to whom you want to give an admin role in the field below "Assign a New Page Role."   The person's whose email you entered can now administer your Facebook Page when they log in to Facebook with the same email address. Page admins can perform any function on the Page, including editing content, purchasing ads, and adding or deleting other users.

TL;DR in English: Go to https://www.facebook.com in a web browser. Click the Facebook logo. Click Pages. Click the name of a Page. Click Settings. Click Page Roles. Scroll down to the "Assign a New Page Role" section. Enter an email address. Click the drop-down menu to the right of the email field. Click Admin. Click the blue Add button.
###
Now that all of the things on your floor are on your bed, separate them into separate piles so you’re able to see what you need to clean. For example, you may set school supplies near one corner of your bed, clothes in another, and accessories somewhere in the middle. Keep your piles organized so you’re able to clean each group of items separately. If you don’t have room on your bed for everything, it’s okay to put some piles back on your floor or a table. Just make sure you actually put the things away rather than leaving them there. There’s a chance that you may have eaten a meal or snack in your room and you forgot to bring the dishes back out. Look for any dining ware or cups that you have around your room and stack them up. Take the dishes into the kitchen and wash them by hand or put them in a dishwasher. Don’t leave your unwashed dishes in the sink because your parent or guardian may get upset if you don’t clean them. Hold the clothes you picked up off the floor to your nose and smell them. If they smell musty or dirty, put them in your laundry basket so you can wash them. If they still smell clean, either fold them or hang them up so you can put them away. Continue going through your clothes until you don’t have any left in the pile.  If you aren’t able to tell if clothes are clean or dirty, then put them in your laundry basket just to be safe. Look at your clothes to make sure they don’t have any visible stains or dirt on them before you put them away. Your closet can be an easy place to hide clutter, but it needs to stay organized as well. Separate your hanging clothes into similar groups, such as jackets, sweatshirts, dresses, and pants. If you’re able, use a closet organizer to stack shoes or clothes so they don’t look like they’re just thrown inside. Try to clear as much of your closet floor as you’re able so it doesn’t look cluttered when you open it.  Keep your closet door shut to make your room seem like it’s cleaner. Look for clothes that you don’t wear often and see if you’re able to donate...

TL;DR in English: Sort the pile of things on your bed into like groups. Take any plates or drinking glasses you have back to the kitchen. Sort through your clothes to check if they’re clean or dirty. Straighten out your closet so it doesn’t feel as cluttered. Organize the objects on your nightstands or desk. Put loose items into organizers so they’re less likely to make a mess.
###
You can access the Desktop by clicking on the Desktop tile on the Start screen or by pressing the Windows key + D. This will open the desktop, where you will see several icons. Right-click on the desktop, select "New," and then choose "Shortcut." This will open the Create Shortcut window. In the field labeled “Type the location of the item”, enter shutdown /s This will create a shortcut that will shut down the computer after a 30-second default timer.  If you want to adjust the timer, add the /t XXX command to the end of the line. XXX represents the number of seconds delay you want prior to shutdown.  For example: shutdown /s /t 45 will create a shortcut that shuts down after 45 seconds. Setting the timer to 0 will shut down the computer immediately after the shortcut is run. By default the shortcut will be named “shutdown”. You can change the name to whatever you’d like in the next window. Windows will use the default Program icon for your new shortcut. You can change this by right-clicking on it and selecting "Properties." In the "Shortcut" tab, select "Change Icon…" This will open a list of available icons. Find one that better matches your shutdown shortcut. Once the shortcut is complete, you can add it to your Start menu or taskbar by right-clicking the shortcut and select "Pin to Start" or "Pin to Taskbar." This will create a tile on your Start menu or a shortcut in your taskbar that you can click to shut down your computer.

TL;DR in English: Open Desktop Mode (Windows 8). Create a new shortcut on the desktop. Enter the shutdown command. Rename your shortcut. Change the icon. Pin the shortcut to your Start menu or taskbar.
###
If your cold sore symptoms are new or if you aren’t sure what’s causing your symptoms, make an appointment with your doctor. They can give you a proper diagnosis and rule out other potential causes for your symptoms.You should also let your doctor know if you have any other questions or concerns about your symptoms.

TL;DR in English:


Position them to get at least 4 hours of sunlight. Provide a trellis for climbing plants. Bring your tropical flowers indoors for winter or cover them up. Prune back shoots in the fall or spring.

Use a tape measure to measure the length and height of your walls. Write these measurements down on a piece of paper. Buy 3⁄4-inch (1.9 cm) thick extruded polystyrene insulation online or at a hardware or home improvement store. This insulation will usually come in pink or yellow panels and is made to insulate basements. Use the measurements you took for your basement walls and get enough material to cover them all. It's a good idea to get 2-3 extra panels of the material in case you make a mistake. Place the insulation next to obstructions in your wall and make a mark next to the areas that you'll need to cut out. Obstructions could include the space around windows, pipes, or power outlets. Cut holes in the insulation with a razor blade or knife so that the insulation fits around the obstructions.  If your insulation is longer than the height of your basement, you'll have to cut the top of the insulation so that it fits. If your insulation isn't long enough, you may need to cut out extra pieces of insulation to fill in the holes. Read the instructions and packaging to make sure that the adhesive you buy sticks to foam insulation. Apply the adhesive in a back and forth motion to the entire back of your insulation. Start on one end of your wall and carefully line the insulation up to the wall. Press the insulation onto the wall and hold it in place for 2 minutes or until it sticks to the wall. Work your way down the wall and continue to glue the insulation sheets side-by-side, until all of your walls are covered in insulation. Use a thick insulation tape and run it down the seams where your insulation panels meet. This will help better insulate your basement and will help keep the insulation sheets together as you frame the wall. Caulking the perimeter of the basement where the wall meets the floor can be helpful.

TL;DR in English: Measure your walls. Purchase enough extruded polystyrene insulation to cover your walls. Measure and cut your insulation to fit around obstructions. Apply a foam adhesive to the back of your insulation. Press the sheets of insulation onto the walls. Use insulation tape to cover the cracks in between the insulation.
###
You can buy your vivarium from a pet store. You can also check online sellers and auction sites, like eBay. There are glass, PVC, Melamine, ABS, and vision cages to choose from.  A traditional vivarium has wooden sides with a sliding glass frontage. This model is highly recommended. Fish tanks can work, but they are far from ideal. You have to be careful with tanks that open overhead because bearded dragons can get scared if you hover above them. You will have to acclimate your pet to you by placing your hand inside the tank opposite of your bearded dragon and moving it towards the pet. They are thermally inefficient and lose heat quickly. The minimum length for a vivarium is four foot. The dimensions of a typical vivarium are four feet long x three feet high x two feet deep.  Bearded dragons are largely ground dwelling but love to climb over low branches, so a long vivarium offers the dragon a chance to wander around and climb over branches provided as part of the vivarium furniture.  Though some sources may say that juvenile bearded dragons may get lost in large, four feet vivariums, most people believe this is false since they are not limited to small habitats in the wild. Keep the vivarium out of direct sunlight. Too much sunlight can make controlling the temperatures in the vivarium hard. The vivarium also needs to be in a quiet place. Loud noises may cause stress on your bearded dragon. You need to get the temperature and lighting correct before putting your bearded dragon into the vivarium. The temperatures need to stabilize before you put the bearded dragon inside. If you don’t get the heat and lighting correct, you could hurt your pet. Set up the vivarium about a week before you plan to place the bearded dragon into his habitat.

TL;DR in English: Buy a vivarium. Make sure your vivarium is the appropriate size. Place the vivarium in the proper place. Set up the vivarium before you buy your pet.
###
If you are lying about breaking a rule, don’t show that you’re nervous.  Keep eye contact with the person you’re speaking to. It may be difficult, but they are more likely to believe you if you look them in the eyes while you’re telling your story. Stand up straight. People who are lying unconsciously lean back to get away from the person they’re having a conversation with.  Don’t stammer or say “um.” These are signs that you’re nervous and making up what you’re going to say. Use strong, clear speech. The teacher or principal might take pity on you if you act upset.  Pretend you’re crying because you can’t believe they would accuse you of bad behavior. If you pretend to cry because you’re sorry, then you will probably still face consequences for whatever you did wrong. If you get upset enough, you may even get an apology from the teacher or principal. You also just might be allowed to miss a little bit of class to compose yourself. Being respectful and doing as you’re told might convince your teacher or principal to let you off the hook for good behavior.  Keep eye contact to show that you’re listening, and don’t speak out of turn. No matter what, never raise your voice in anger or cause any disruption. This will only make the problem worse. Thank the teacher or principal when you leave the office. This also shows respect, and may convince your them that you deserve another chance to mature to their standards.

TL;DR in English: Be confident when you’re being questioned. Cry if you feel comfortable enough faking it. Be very polite and obedient.
###
. College academics in the first term will be particularly difficult because it is material that you have never seen before. Plus, you are facing much higher expectations, especially that you are the one responsible for your motivation and success. Unlike high school, college expects you to build your education from the bottom up, rather than regurgitating whatever facts a teacher feeds you. This means much more work than you are used to.  Give yourself incentives to study in advance. Don't cash your paycheck until you're finished with that term paper. Celebrate with friends after you've taken the test. Treat yourself to something you've been wanting after you finish your studying goals. Choose your priorities. It is not possible to fit in all the same social, academic, employment, and logistical responsibilities in college that you did in high school.  Be realistic about how much time is required to meet your academic obligations and how much you can devote to social activities. . Take a moment to reflect on what you enjoy doing and studying, and what you're genuinely interested in. What are your goals? What are your plans? College is another step on the ladder to the rest of your life. What do you want to do after college, and how will college prepare you for that next step? earn to separate gossip from genuine information. Learn to use observations and evidence to form your own opinions. Attend special events and seminars on campus. Join clubs for students in your major or program. Read a reliable news site every day. You are your own person, and you owe it to yourself to form your own opinions about things. . A big mistake college students make is never forming a relationship with their professors. Forming a relationship with professors can help make your education richer and your network bigger.  Go to office hours with the intent of improving your mastery of the course material, and not just to "show your face" in an attempt to suck up, change a grade, or appear more dedicated. Office hours are your...

TL;DR in English: Avoid procrastinating Get passionate about something . Talk to your professors Form good study habits Set an academic goal for yourself
###
The most obvious way to make your legs seem longer is to wear shoes that add inches to your height. High heels will also force your feet to extend, which makes your calves look longer and more shapely. Avoid wearing heels too often. Over time, high heels can damage your joints and cause chronic back pain. A shoe that blends in with your skin will create a long, uninterrupted line when you're wearing skirts or shorts. Both the solid color and added length from your feet will create the illusion of longer legs. You can also create that same uninterrupted line by coordinating your shoes when wearing tights or pants. For example, try wearing black hosiery with black heels. This monochromatic look creates a clean line as the eye travels from the top of your leg straight down to the floor without stopping. The horizontal straps cause the viewer's eye to pause early, making your legs look shorter. Ankle straps have the opposite effect of high heels and v-shaped cuts. If you love ankle straps, consider wearing tights in the same color as the strap to prevent the line of your legs from being broken up. Over-the-knee boots create a clean, uninterrupted look from your lower thigh down to the floor. Knee high boots have a similar but less exaggerated effect. Ankle boots, on the other hand, cut your leg off just above the foot. Like ankle straps, they make your legs look shorter than they are. An ankle boot with a v-cut at its top instead of a horizontal line is exempt from this rule. A pointed v-cut ankle boot can even make your legs look longer in its own right, as they extend the line of your legs downwards. A pointed toe will extend your feet (and your legs) twofold: First, shoes with pointed toes typically have at least an inch or two of extra space making them physically longer than a round-toe shoe in the same size. Second, the tapering point also creates the illusion that your feet (and consequently legs) are even longer.

TL;DR in English: Add more high heels and platforms to your wardrobe. Wear shoes that are close to your skin tone. Match your shoes with your pants or stockings. Avoid ankle straps. Wear long boots. Go for a pointed toe.
###
Tropical flowers thrive on sunlight and require it in order to grow. Move your planters around until the sun hits them. Only plant tropical flowers in beds that get consistent direct or indirect sunlight. Some plants, such as flowering maples, do best with bright light. Whereas, other tropical flowers, such a begonias, prefer ample, indirect sunlight. Some tropical flowers have vines that prefer to grow upwards and wrap around things. Research your plant to see if it would benefit from having a trellis nearby to latch on to. Simply stick the trellis into the ground right next to the plant and secure it with stakes.  For example, a healthy Mandevilla flowering vine will attach itself to a nearby trellis and cover it with foliage. You can purchase a wooden or metal trellis at your local gardening store. If your tropical flowers are potted, bring them into your garage or atrium to ride out the colder months. Other tropical plants, such as hibiscus, can generally survive outdoors unless temperatures drop below freezing. If it might freeze, place a blanket or bucket over your plants to minimize the damage from frost. You can also let your plants die out seasonally and simply replant in the spring. Use a pair of gardening shears to clip back new growth or dead flowers during the more mild months of the year. Limit yourself to making only a few trims each time to not overly weaken your plant. This is an especially important step for potted plants, as it keeps them from outgrowing their containers.

TL;DR in English:

{{source}}

TL;DR in English: ||| {{target}}


Attend a naturalization ceremony. Receive a certificate of naturalization. Relinquish your previous nationality. Apply for a German identity card and passport.

Obviously, you need to know the available flights for your destination and the price has to be "right". However, other things you should be considering when booking for a long haul flight is just how comfortable that airline will prove to be. Some airlines do offer more legroom than others on particular sectors and this is an important consideration the longer the flight gets; do some research and read the advertising promises, as well as checking out people's opinions in online travel and flight forums.  Check out what entertainment is offered by the airline. Many newer aircraft types offer individualized monitors in the back of the seat right in front of you, so that you don't have to crane your neck to try to see a wobbly old movie screen with someone else's head in front of it. A lot of these individual entertainment centers now come with lots of movies, news, documentary, etc. choices, as well as radio, music and games that can be played using a handheld device that lifts out from the seat. Though somebody's got to be stuck in that middle seat, you should do what you can to get the seat you want. First, you should figure out which seat you prefer, the aisle or the window. The aisle may be the most comfortable for a long flight because you have a bit more room on the side facing the aisle and can easily get up and stretch your legs or use the restroom without inconveniencing people; however, some people like the window because it's easier to rest against it, and because it can be pleasant to look outside. Whatever you choose, here are some tips for picking your seat:  Most airlines allow you to choose your seat when you book your flight. Don't overlook this important aspect of booking the flight, even if you're in a rush. If you didn't choose a seat online, try to choose it when you check in, or even at the gate of the flight. Though your flight might be full and you may not be able to switch your seat, it's worth trying. You can try to sit toward the front of the plane so you get to board earlier and...

TL;DR in English: Decide which airline to fly. Choose a comfortable seat in advance. If you have very young children, be sure to arrange the right seating for them. Be wary of selecting a tight connection after a long flight. Check out the affordability of a flat bed in business class. Check out the food options on the airplane. Prepare for any medical issues in advance. Check restrictions before lugging your packed bags to the airport.
###
If you have curly hair, consider straightening the section out. This will give you a more authentic look. If you have natural hair, however, consider leaving it as-is, or use braiding hair to create some micro braids, goddess braids, etc. If you have short hair and plan on adding extensions, you must straighten your hair, otherwise the texture won't match. Make the ponytail at the same height as the bun, right next to the vertical part that's behind your ear. The ponytail and the bun should be almost touching—as though they are a single piece.  Use a hair tie that matches your hair color as closely as possible. You'll eventually be adding a Sailor Moon clip, but there's still a chance that it might show through. For more volume, split the ponytail into 2 sections and gently tug them apart. This will shift the hair tie closer to your scalp as well as cause the ponytail to fan out. Take a 2- to 3-comb hair extension that matches your hair color and pop open the combs. Insert the first comb into the base of your ponytail, right below the hair tie, and snap it shut. Wrap the extension around the ponytail, then slide and snap the second comb into place. Straighten the extension to match the texture of your hair.  For a thicker look, use a 4-clip extension. You can also layer another set of 2- or 3-clip extensions instead. The extensions don't have to be as long as Sailor Moon's hair. You can also totally keep your short hair for a Chibi Moon look. If you have natural hair, consider using braiding hair and creating mini braids instead. with a curling iron, if desired. Depending on the thickness of your hair, you may have to curl the ends in multiple sections. Once you have finished curling them, however, gather them together to that they make one, big curl.  Don't curl all of the ponytail all the way up to the ponytail. You just need a single coil. If you put your natural hair into braids, you can still curl them by wrapping them around curling rods, then dipping them into boiling water for a couple of seconds....

TL;DR in English: Undo the back-left section and comb it out. Pull the section into a high ponytail just behind the left bun. Clip in an extension around the ponytail if you want an authentic look. Curl the end of the ponytail Repeat the process for the right side of your head. Add a Sailor Moon clip to each bun, if desired.
###
Stress can be a big trigger for psoriasis flare-ups. Reduce the amount of stress and anxiety in your life in order to avoid these unwanted symptoms A great way to minimize stress levels is to practice relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga. These methods are proven to reduce stress and improve overall life satisfaction. Doing yoga is also a great form of physical exercise, which can work to additionally minimize stress levels in your life. at least 3 times per week. Exercising is one of the best ways to reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. Virtually any kind of physical activity will work to clear your mind, increase endorphins, and improve your mood.  Be sure to consult with your doctor before you begin any strenuous activities. It’s always better to start slower (like walking before you start jogging) and then build your way up to more intensive activities. Everyday life is full of stressful situations and events. But that doesn’t mean that you have to welcome them into your life. Prioritize the things in your life so that you can make a conscious decision to cut out the things that are less important. Consider what makes you feel fulfilled, and what seems to just be causing you too much stress.  This includes things like hosting dinner parties, inviting family over for long visits, or taking on volunteer responsibilities at school or work. If there are things in your life that are stressing you out too much and making you feel overwhelmed, try to get out of them, if possible. Try to find someone else to organize your company’s Christmas party, or tell your church you just don’t have the free time to teach Sunday School classes anymore. Listen to your body and know when you need to take a break. It’s okay to say no to things or to ask for help when you need it. Tell your friends that you’re too stressed out to meet them for drinks, or ask your parents to babysit your kids for the weekend.

TL;DR in English: Try relaxation techniques several times each week. Exercise Say no to things that cause stress in your life.
###
Click this link in a Google Chrome browser window, then click the blue + FREE button to install Adblock Plus. Adblock Plus accepts payments from companies to show some unobtrusive ads, although you can disable this option. The service is otherwise almost identical to the AdBlock extension described in the other section. Once Adblock Plus is installed, a new tab will open announcing this. Scroll down to view more options, and enable these extra protections if you want them:  Malware Blocking will block domains that are known sources of viruses or other malware attacks. Remove Social Media Buttons will block buttons from Facebook, Twitter, etc. from appearing on other sites. Disable Tracking will prevent websites you visit from tracking your browsing, which is usually done for the purpose of providing you with targeted ads. Click the Adblock Plus icon in the top right of your Google Chrome window. It looks like a red octagon with the letters "ABP" in the center. All the steps below can be completed in this menu. The first tab in the options menu is called "Filter lists," and lets you choose which lists of ads you wish to use to determine what gets blocked. By default, only "EasyList" is used, which should block most ads by itself. Here are some additional, commonly used options:  Uncheck "Allow some non-intrusive advertising" to disable small, text-only ads. Check "Adblock Warning Removal List" to disable banners and messages requesting that you turn off Adblock. Click "Add Filter Subscription," select a non-English language from the list, then click "Add" to disable ads in that language. If an ad manages to get through a filter, or if a large page element you don't care about is slowing down your browsing, you can block that specific ad:  Right click the ad, then click "Block Element." Alternatively, click the Adblock Plus icon in the top right, click "Block element," then click the ad. Do not edit the filter that pops up without reading the instructions in the section below, or the official tutorial. Click...

TL;DR in English: Install Adblock Plus. Set your preferences in the tab that opens. Look at more options. Disable additional ads. Block individual ads.
###
As you shape the paper, keep the bottom edge level with your working surface so that it can rest perfectly flat on that surface. Hold the overlapping edge together using double-sided tape or glue. If you use glue, you might need to use a stapler to hold the bottom edge of the cone in place as the glue dries. On a new sheet of construction paper, draw a line that is equal in length to the diameter of hat's opening. Draw a circle around this line, then draw a bigger circle around that. Cut out the larger circle and the smaller circle, and use the large ring left behind as your brim.  Measure the inside diameter of your cone several times and at several places. Use the smallest measurement you get when deciding on the diameter of your brim.     When drawing the inner circle of your brim, place the pointed end of the compass on the midpoint of your diameter line and set the compass to half the diameter's length. Draw around the line, making sure that your perimeter touches both ends of the line.     After drawing the inner circle, set the compass so that your new radius is 3 inches (7.6 cm) larger than the radius of your inner circle. Use the same center point and draw a larger circle evenly around the smaller inner circle.     You can discard the inner circle after cutting them both out. You only need the outer ring for your brim.    Slide the brim over the top of the hat and onto the fringes at the base. Glue or tape the brim to these fringes from the underside.  The brim should fit snugly on the fringes of the cone. If you cannot slide it all the way down to these fringes, however, carefully cut away extra paper from the inside ring of the brim and try again. Repeat as needed until the brim lies flat on top of the flaps.     The easiest way to attach the brim to the fringes of the hat is to apply glue or double-sided tape to the bottom inner ring of the brim before sliding it onto the flaps.    If you have stickers or other pre-made decorations you plan on using, skip this step. Otherwise, sketch several stars...

TL;DR in English: Roll the paper into a cone. Draw a brim for your hat. Adhere the brim to your hat. Cut out decorations. Glue the decorations to the hat. Wear when dry.
###
If your application is accepted, you will receive a letter from the government with instructions on how to complete your process. You will be given a time and place to attend a ceremony for your new citizenship.  The length of the application process can vary based on your locality. It can take between a few weeks and a few months to get a response. At the ceremony, you will be given an oath to swear. This oath states that you will follow the laws and customs of Germany. At the naturalization ceremony, you will receive a certificate of naturalization (known in German as a Einbürgerungszusicherung). This is proof that you are now a German citizen. If your application was denied, you will receive a negative certificate in the mail. Talk to your local immigration office to see if you are eligible to reapply. You should make a copy of the naturalization certificate and send it to the consulate of your previous nationality. Your consulate may require you to fill out forms or pay a fee. Contact them for more information.  Do not send the original copy of your naturalization certificate. You do not have to do this if you are able to have dual citizenship with the US, UK, EU countries, and former Soviet countries. If your previous nationality does not allow you to relinquish your citizenship (as is the case with Syria, Iran, and Morocco), then you do not have to relinquish your citizenship. Take your German naturalization certificate with you to your local residence registration office (known as a Einwohnermeldeamt). Follow their instructions to receive both a new identity card and passport. You can now use these documents to prove your citizenship in Germany.  You may also be asked to bring your old ID and a new passport photo with you when you apply. Do this as soon as you receive your naturalization certificate. It will take a few weeks for you to get your new identity card and passport. Applying for these as soon as possible will prevent any problems if you have to prove your citizenship.

TL;DR in English:


Maltese dogs have long flowing hair that is easily tangled and, like our own, keeps growing. Bathe your Maltese with a mild shampoo and conditioner made for dogs. Clean around your Maltese's eyes regularly. Brush your dog's teeth. Trim your dog's nails regularly. Check the dog's ears on a daily basis.

Look for the title on the top of the website or in the url for the site. Use the full title. For example, you may use the title “Tourism Canada” or “The Writer’s Pen” in the citation. Look at the bottom of the website for a creation date, usually found next to a trademark or with the note, “Created on.” You can also look for a revised date at the bottom of the website. It is usually listed as “Revised on” or “Reviewed on.”  For example, you may see a note at the bottom of the website that says “Created on: January 2001” or “Revised: 2012.” If you cannot find the year, you can use “n.d.” in the citation to indicate no date can be found for the website. Write the title of the website, followed by the year the website was created or revised in parentheses.  For example, you may write, “(Tourism Canada 2001)” or “(The Writer’s Pen 2011).” If there is no date on the website, you may write, “(Tourism Canada n.d.)” If the material is quoted, put it in quotation marks. If it is paraphrased, you do not need to use quotation marks. Include the citation right after the text you have paraphrased or quoted. Place it after the period at the end of the sentence.  For example, if the text is quoted, you may write: “The national average for home pregnancies has doubled in the last year.” (Tourism Canada 2011) If the text is paraphrased, you may write: Winners of this award will receive $1,660. (The Writer’s Pen 2011)

TL;DR in English: Cite the title of the website. Put in the year the website was created or revised. Use parentheses for the citation. Place the in-text citation at the end of the quoted paraphrased text.
###
This personality system is based on research by the psychologist Carl Jung and is widely used. The Myers-Briggs categorizes personality along four dimensions. Each dimension has two opposite preferences associated with it. Combining your preference from each of the four dimensions will define your personality according to one of 16 possible types.  The four dimensions are: introversion/extraversion (I/E); sensing/intuition (S/N); thinking/feeling (T/F); and judging/perceiving (J/P). Compare your personal list of traits to your preferences on each of the four dimensions on the Myers-Briggs. For example, does your list indicate you are more of an ‘I’ or an ‘E’? Do you have more words related to thinking or feeling? You might, for instance, be a ISFP (introverted, sensing, feeling, perceiving) personality based on the traits on your list. With this system of personality classification you define yourself according to nine different personality types. Although there is usually some overlap between the nine personality types within a person, most people are more similar to one type than the other eight.  Evaluate your list of traits to see if they can be described by one of the nine types of personality according to the Enneagram system. Look for clues that you are mostly a: reformer, helper, achiever, individualist, investigator, loyalist, enthusiast, challenger, or peacemaker. For example, if you see traits on your list like: mediator, problem-solver, and diplomatic you may be a peacemaker. Visit http://www.enneagraminstitute.com to learn more about using this personality classification system. You can use this system to define your personality along four temperaments or types: the guardian, artisan, idealist, or rational. Similar to the Myers-Briggs and the Big Five, there is a great deal of research related to the Keirsey system.  Use your list of traits to help you determine which of the four personality types, or temperaments, is most like you. For example, do you have traits on your personal list like...

TL;DR in English: Explore the Myers-Briggs system. Find your Enneagram type. Use the Keirsey Temperament Sorter.
###
A BIOS password will prompt the user to type in a password before even booting the system. This prevents any unwanted users from using your computer or changing settings in the BIOS. Enter the BIOS and find the option to set a password, set it to prompt for the password to do anything on the computer. Group Policies editor can be started by going to START>RUN>gpedit.msc, or, alternatively, typing it into the command line.  Under system in user configuration, find "prevent access to the command prompt". Double click it, and select enable, and click "ok". Under "Control Panel", find "prohibit access to the control panel", and enable it. Under "system", "user profiles". Find "Limit profile size". Enable it, and set the limited size in kilobytes (for a gigabyte, type 10000, for 10 gigabytes, type 100000, etc.).

TL;DR in English: Set a BIOS password. Start gpedit.msc. Click on user configuration, and navigate to administrative templates. Disable the command prompt. Prevent access to the control panel. Limit profile sizes.
###
Cleaning an enameled dutch oven after using it is simple, and only involves soap and hot water. You might need an abrasive scrub pad to remove pesky food residue, but the most important rule to follow is to avoid steel wool and other metallic pads or brushes. Steel wool, wire brushes, and other metallic scrubbers can erode the enamel coating. Go for nonmetal options, like nylon. A Scotch-Brite Dobie Pad is a great non-scratch choice for cleaning enamel cookware. You’ll have an easier time cleaning your dutch oven when it’s still hot, so wash it as soon after cooking as possible. Run hot water, add a few drops of dish soap, and scrub off food residue with your non-scratch pad. Rinse away soap suds, then dry the pot thoroughly with a towel. Boiling water is a quick trick for stubborn bits of grime, but not so tough that they require breaking out the big guns. Fill the pot halfway with water, place it on a burner set to medium, and let the water boil briskly for a few minutes. Scrape away the residue with a wooden spatula, pour out the water, then wash the pot with soap and hot water. If stubborn stains didn’t flake away after the quick boiling water technique, you can try more intensive cleaning methods.

TL;DR in English: Stay away from steel wool. Wash the pot with dish soap, hot water, and a scrub pad. Boil water in the pot before washing if it’s a little grimy.
###
Regular exercise improves blood flow to the brain and can keep thinking and memory skills intact. Being active also helps to decrease cholesterol and blood pressure - two health issues that increase your risk for Alzheimer's. An ideal goal is to do a combination of cardiovascular exercise (i.e. getting sweaty and getting your heart rate up) and strength training to build muscle. Walking and swimming are great for those new to exercise.  Aim for 30 minutes of cardio five times per week. This is the President’s Recommendation for physical fitness. Swim, run, do an at-home exercise tape – whatever gets your blood pumping.  For those less in shape, even 40 minutes of brisk walking three times per week can be of benefit.  Talk to your healthcare provider about any medical conditions before starting a new exercise plan. There is a diet that may be designed to promote a healthy brain: the MIND Diet. The MIND Diet combines a Mediterranean diet and the DASH diet (for lowering cholesterol). The ten best brain foods in the MIND Diet are green leafy vegetables, any other vegetables, nuts (walnuts, almonds and hazelnuts are the best choices), berries (especially blueberries), beans, whole grains, fish, poultry, olive oil, and red wine. This is a great diet for your body, too, since it can also help lower blood pressure and cholesterol.  The top five foods to avoid are: Red meats, butter and margarine, cheese, pastries and sweets (sugar), and fried or fast food.  Fish contains omega-3s, which are great for brain health. Eating fish one or more times per week may reduce your risk of Alzheimer’s by up to 60%. Vegetarian options high in omega-3s are chia and flax seeds.  Red grapes contain a compound, resveratrol, that may help protect the brain. Limited consumption of red wine may be beneficial. As with any alcohol, drink only in moderation (e.g. one glass daily maximum). Red grape juice is a good alternative. Your goal Total Cholesterol should be under 200 mg/dL, and LDLs (or “bad” cholesterol) below 100 mg/dL. However,...

TL;DR in English: Exercise 3-5 times per week. Eat a brain-healthy diet. Visit your doctor yearly for cholesterol and blood pressure checks. Control your blood sugar. Reduce your risk for Cardiovascular Disease and Atherosclerosis. Stop smoking Drink more tea.
###
If you don't want to deal with the upkeep a shorter "puppy cut" looks cute on a Maltese. You will need to have him professionally groomed maybe once every six weeks but will still need to brush his hair daily using a nice, soft brush. Remove excess hair and untangle knots while the hair is dry or with a special detangler. Bathing him first will make the tangles worse.  You may need to use a comb to get to the root of any tangles and knots. Remember to gently tease them apart. Take extreme care cutting out knots, as it is all too easy to nick the skin. You may need to bathe a playful puppy once a week, while a calm, older dog will only need a monthly bath. Wash its hair like it's your own, only be very gentle!  Don't forget to clean your pup's face with a washcloth. Maltese dogs have white hair that is prone to tear staining. You will recognize this as the brown streaks down the face of a white dog. This happens when tears overspill onto the cheek and stay there for a few hours. Substances in the tear fluid oxidizes and change to that rust-colored pigment, which causes the staining.  To avoid this, dry the area around your dog's eyes regularly. The amount of tear overflow varies with each individual dog and is more pronounced when they are teething. If the lower lid area or cheek are constantly wet, then wipe hourly. For dogs with less moisture from the eyes, you only need to wipe twice a day or when you spot gloop in the corner of the eye. There are various commercial products available for wiping eyes, but previously boiled water on cotton wool is perfectly sufficient. Dampen the cotton wool with the cool water and wipe away any moisture or stickiness from the eye area. Then finish with a dry piece of cotton wool to pat the area dry. Many people don't do this, but it is very, very important, especially for older dogs. This will slow up tartar formation and protect your dog's dental health. Start at a young age, so the dog accepts having its teeth brushed. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and toothpaste made...

TL;DR in English:


Hook the loops on the punching bag to the hanging carabiners.

In order to connect your iPod to your computer and access the files, your iPod will need to be in Disk Mode. You can do this using iTunes, or you can manually put the iPod into Disk Mode.  To put the iPod into Disk Mode using iTunes, plug your iPod into your computer, open iTunes, and select it from the Devices menu. In the Summary window, check the "Enable disk use" in the Options section. To put your iPod into Disk Mode manually, press and hold the Menu and Select buttons for at least six seconds. Keep holding the buttons until the Apple logo appears. As soon as the logo appears, release the Menu and Select buttons, and then press and hold the Select and Play buttons. Hold these buttons until the Disk Mode screen shows up. See this guide for more details on putting your iPod into Disk Mode. If you turned on Disk Mode manually, connect the iPod to your computer. If you are using a Mac, the iPod should appear on the desktop like a USB drive. If you are using Windows, the iPod will be listed with your other drives in the Computer/My Computer/This PC window. If you are using Windows, you can quickly access Computer/My Computer/This PC by pressing the Windows key + Pause. Typically, these will be found in the Photos folder, but since the iPod can be used like a USB drive they could be placed anywhere. Navigate through the folder to find the pictures you want. You can select the images you want copy transfer to the computer and then copy them by selecting Edit → Copy, right-clicking and selecting Copy, or by pressing Ctrl + C (Windows) or Command + C (Mac).  Select the location that you want to transfer the images to and paste the copied images. You can do this by clicking Edit → Paste, right-clicking on a blank space and selecting Paste, or by pressing Ctrl + V (Windows) or Command + V (Mac). If you don't want to keep the images on your iPod, you can Cut instead of Copy, which will remove the originals once they have been copied to the new location. You can Cut by pressing Ctrl + X (Windows) or Command + X. You...

TL;DR in English: Put the iPod in Disk Mode. Open the iPod on your computer. Locate the photos you want to copy. Transfer the pictures from the iPod to the computer. Wait for the transfer to complete. Eject the iPod.
###
Different airlines can offer widely variant prices for similar flights, so be sure you shop around if you’re planning to fly. Remember that booking a flight and hotel together may save you money if the website offers specials or discounts. These websites often compare flight prices from different websites for you, all in one place. While flying is the quickest way to travel long distances, other options such as taking a train or bus or even renting a recreational vehicle may be less expensive and more environmentally friendly.  They may also be more fun, particularly if traveling with children. Reaching your destination is only one transportation consideration.  Once you have arrived in the area, you will need to figure out how to get from the airport, train station, or bus station to your hotel.  You may also have plans to travel locally while on vacation.  Call the concierge at the hotel you’re staying at and ask whether the hotel offers complimentary or reduced-fee shuttle service to and from the airport.  If they don’t, ask for any advice on local ground transportation. Rent a vehicle if you will need to get around a lot once you have reached your destination.  If you’ll be doing a lot of sight-seeing in areas that are spread out, a rental car will be a better option than taxi services.  Be sure you know your hotel’s parking policies and fees. If you don’t plan to leave your destination once you get there (for example, if you’re staying at an all-inclusive resort), you may not need a rental car.  Consider a taxi or shuttle from the airport instead. If you are going to an urban area, search online for the city’s public transportation options.  Areas with subways, trains, or bus systems often offer daily or weekly passes that are much cheaper than rental car fees. If you’re planning to drive to your vacation spot, be sure your car is up-to-date on basic maintenance.  Check the air pressure in the tires. Change the oil if it has been 3 months or 3,000 miles since the last change. Be sure that all essential...

TL;DR in English: Compare flight prices. Find a flight (and hotel) booking website if you plan to fly. Consider alternate transportation options. Consider all transportation needs. Perform scheduled maintenance on your car.
###
A hookless curtain is slipped over a ceiling shower rod. If you have a more modern style, a hookless curtain can reflect this. They provide a more seamless look and can cut down on cost as you do not have to invest money in shower rings. If your water pressure is very heavy, this can cause the shower curtain to fly away from the bathroom during a shower. To reverse this, consider investing in magnets or weights to hold the curtain down. You can find many weighted shower curtains to suit your needs in a department store or online. If you have a very large shower, you may need an extra wide curtain. This can cost a bit more money but will be worth it as it will more adequately protect your bathroom floor from moisture.  Measure your shower before going out to purchase a shower curtain. This will help you determine whether you need an extra large curtain. You can also use 2 shower curtains for an extra long shower rod and part them in the middle.

TL;DR in English: Try a hookless curtain. Think about weights and magnets. Opt for an extra wide curtain if necessary.
###
As you grow stronger in Aura Kingdom and advance to higher level maps, you will notice that monsters, especially in dungeons with high difficulty, become tougher. Using food items gives your character a boost in damage, speed, and even casting, since some of the food possesses double casting and even triple. In PVP, it is best to use food with +ACC; this will increase your character’s accuracy, giving your character a higher chance of hitting an opponent with huge speed. Aside from accuracy, you can use double or triple damage. This takes effect on both monster and players; the same goes with double and triple cast. You can use food items to prepare for certain dungeons. For example, monsters in the Infernal Abyss dungeon are fire attributes. It means you need a food and weapons to counter this.  Lamb Wellington, a Gold Grade food from Spicy Grilled Lamb Rib, gives Crit +303, and Flame Skills do an extra +8%. If you're a wizard, it's advisable that you use this food during your exploration in Infernal Abyss for extra damage and quick kill against mobs and bosses. You can use a drink item along with Lamb Wellington, such as a change to double cast.

TL;DR in English: Use food items often. Use drinks and food in PVP. Use food items in dungeons.
###
You’ll find it in the Microsoft Office area of your Start menu. It’s at the top of the screen. It’s the icon with a pi symbol at the top-right area of the toolbar.  Click and drag your mouse cursor over the "x" to highlight it. It’s in the toolbar at the top-right area of the screen. Its icon looks like a lowercase “a” with umlauts. Doing so will bring up a menu of accent symbols. ” The icon looks like a square with the bar icon over top of it. This places a bar above your “x,” creating an X-bar.

TL;DR in English: Open Microsoft Word. Click Insert. Click Equation. Type x into the equation box. Highlight the "x" in the equation box. Click Accent. Scroll down and click the first box under “Overbars and Underbars.
###
There should be 2 or 3 heavy-duty straps attached to the top of your punching bag. Lift the bag up and attach 1 hanging carabiner to each of the straps. Once the punching bag is fully attached, you're ready to practice boxing! If your punching bag already has carabiners attached to the heavy-duty straps, simply hook these carabiners into the hanging carabiners.

TL;DR in English:


Choose a topic that interests you. Identify a problem or research question. Perform a comprehensive literature search. Formulate a hypothesis. Outline your research plan.

This could be a cake bowl, a cake mold or other large container that can be placed in the freezer. Add a desired amount of water. Use color liquid food coloring, food dye or any other non-toxic food coloring. The more squirts/drops/amounts added, the darker the ice will look. Ensure that the food coloring is completely dissolved. Place in the freezer; take care not to spill it, as the coloring can stain any surfaces it falls on, including the freezer plastic. Check how the giant colored ice cube is freezing every hour or so. Tip it out of the bowl for use The ice may crack; this is normal. Dump it into a large punch bowl or give it to the kids or dogs to enjoy.  You can even draw on pavement with a giant ice cube. Toss a giant colored ice cube around in the snow for a really fun toy that's easy to keep finding again. It'll last for ages.

TL;DR in English: Find a suitable container. Add a few squirts of food coloring. Mix well. Make room in the freezer for the bowl. Check regularly. When the giant ice cube has frozen, remove the bowl from the freezer. Play with it or use it.
###
Learning to play the guitar well is something that requires dedication. However, you don’t have to devote all of your time to practice. Simply set aside 15-30 minutes every day to practice playing guitar and commit to sticking to this schedule no matter what.  Use this practice time to work on the chords you already know and add new chords to the mix. Once you know enough chords, try learning to play a whole song! Some examples of easy guitar songs for beginners include the Beatles’ “Love Me Do,” Creedence Clearwater Revival’s “Proud Mary,” and Neil Diamond’s “Sweet Caroline.” If you’re just looking for new chords to learn, you can buy books that include the guitar chords for a lot of famous and popular songs at nearly any music store or book retailer. Many music books will also include helpful tips and techniques for playing the guitar that you may not have encountered in practicing on your own. Some books will also include helpful multimedia tools, such as CDs, that make learning new techniques on the guitar even easier. Websites like ultimate-guitar.com and ultimate-tabs.com have a large database of tabs (simplified forms of musical notation) that tell you how to play different songs on the guitar. For extra help, there are also plenty of video tutorials on websites like YouTube where more experienced guitar players offer tips on how to play songs from start to finish.   Guitar tabs are an easier way to read chords if you can’t read traditional sheet music. Tabs use 6 horizontal lines to represent the guitar strings and numbers on those lines to indicate which frets you need to press down to play the chord. You can visit ultimate-guitar.com at this URL: https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/. You can visit ultimate-tabs.com at this URL: https://www.ultimate-tabs.com/ For instance, aim to learn 2-3 new chords each week or be able to switch between 2 chords flawlessly. Whatever goal you set, make sure it’s specific and achievable. Your goal should also be measurable so that you know when you’ve achieved it. For...

TL;DR in English: Create a daily practice schedule and stick to it. Use music books to learn new chords and techniques. Visit music websites to find tabs and tutorials for songs. Set a realistic goal to achieve with your practicing each week.
###
Try to wash your hair every 2-3 days, rather than every day. When you wash your hair too often, the water and products you use can strip away the natural oils produced by your scalp, which help to keep your hair healthy. When these oils are stripped away, your hair can become brittle and your scalp may begin to overproduce oil, which could make your hair very greasy. When you decrease how often you wash your hair, your hair will feel cleaner for longer after you do wash it. Many drugstore products contain chemicals such as sulfates which actually cause more damage to your hair. Ingredients like silicone can clog up the pores that produce natural oils and dry out your hair. Look for natural products that contain less harmful substances.  Finding out what products work best for your hair is generally a trial and error experience. If you feel like a certain product is making your hair look flat or dull, try a different product. Choose products based on your hair type. If desired, you can ask your hairdresser for their recommendations for products formulated for your hair type. Shampoo helps to get your hair clean and free of dirt and built up oils. To use shampoo properly, wet your hair first. Then, apply a small amount of the product to the top of your head and scalp. Lather the shampoo and work it into your hair with your fingers. Try to avoid rubbing your hair harshly, as this could cause damage.  You can also try applying shampoo to your hair by putting some shampoo onto your fingertips. Use your fingers to comb the shampoo into your hair, rather than rubbing your head vigorously. Purchase anti-dandruff shampoo if you have dandruff. When applying conditioner, try to only apply it to the longest parts of your hair, rather than directly on to your scalp; if you put conditioner on your scalp, it can make your hair very greasy and weigh your hair down. Work the conditioner into your hair with your fingers, leave it on your hair for a few moments, and then rinse it out. You do not necessarily need to use...

TL;DR in English: Avoid washing your hair every day. Use sulfate- and silicone-free hair products. Shampoo your hair gently. Rub conditioner on the ends of your hair. Use cool water to wash and rinse your hair. Try deep conditioning your hair once a week. Wash your hairbrush Let your hair air dry.
###
It’s tough to feel good about how you look when you reek of body odor or when your shirt is soaked under your arms with embarrassing pit stains. Apply a layer of deodorant to your armpits before you play sports. Choose a fresh, subtle scent that will cover up any bad smells.  Deodorant comes in all different varieties like gel roll-on, stick, and spray. If you’re someone who gets really sweaty or smelly, look for a clinical strength deodorant. In a pinch, you can use hand sanitizer in place of deodorant.  Keep a travel-size deodorant in your sports bag to reapply during practice or a game. Skipping the sunscreen could result in sunburn, peeling skin, and even skin cancer if it’s a regular habit. Apply sunscreen that’s SPF 30 or higher on all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before heading outside.  A water-resistant or sweat-proof formula will hold up best and not run into your eyes if you’re sweating. Reapply as needed or at least every 2 hours. If you’re sweating profusely, you’ll need to reapply more frequently. Dripping in sweat isn't always a good look, especially if you're wearing makeup and it's running down your face. Bring a small hand towel with you to wipe yourself off when needed.  Microfiber towels are a good choice because they’re soft, absorbent, and won’t be too rough on your face. Keep your hand towel in your gym bag or on the sidelines so you can easily grab it during breaks. Stay hydrated so your body can function properly and so you look energized and fresh. How much you need depends on your body size, your activity level, and the climate you're playing in. At a minimum, drink 16 fluid ounces (470 ml) of water before exercising, then 4 to 6 fluid ounces (120 to 180 ml) of water every 15-20 minutes while you're playing.  Bonus: Drinking a lot of water keeps your skin clear and glowing. Continue hydrating after you play sports. It's especially important in the 30 minutes following your activity. If you're exercising for longer than 90 minutes, have a sports drink with electrolytes to...

TL;DR in English: Wear scented deodorant to prevent bad body odor and sweat stains. Protect your skin in outdoor sports with sunscreen that’s at least SPF 30. Wipe up excess sweat often with a hand towel. Drink plenty of water before, during, and after playing sports.
###
In a packed bar, good etiquette means knowing what you want before you approach the bartender. A good bar will not rush you along, but nonetheless, you should know as much about what you want as possible before talking with the bartender.  A possible exception, however, would be if you are inquiring about the brands of gin or vodka available. Also note that if the bar is not particularly crowded, you might be able to take a bit more time ordering, especially if you can tell that no one else is waiting to place a drink order. Have a firm presence but be polite. The most appropriate way to get a bartender's attention is to stand at the bar in a spot where you can be seen. Establish eye contact and offer a smile. These actions alone should be enough to tell a good bartender to walk over once he becomes available.  When ordering for someone else, make sure you know what that person wants before getting up to the bar. Do not call back and ask for his or her order after you have already caught the attention of the bartender. Moreover, if you are ordering for more than just yourself, you should have enough money in your hand to suggest as much. Do not wave the money around, though, as this is considered a sign of rudeness. Never try to get the bartender's attention by waving your money, snapping your fingers, or yelling. Once you have the bartender's attention, it is time to tell him what you want. Use the lingo you learned to order your martini. Call your base first, specify your preferred concentration of vermouth, indicate if you want ice, ask for your garnish, and finish off with how you want the bartender to mix it together.  For example, order a martini with Beefeater, extra dry and with a twist, straight up if you want a martini made with Beefeater brand gin and very little vermouth. It will have a lemon twist, and the gin will be chilled with ice before being strained into the cocktail glass. As another example, order a dirty martini with vodka, wet and shaken if you want a martini made with the cheapest...

TL;DR in English: Know what you want before you approach the bar. Get the bartender's attention. Put it all together.
###
First, you must identify a field of study that you would like to research. At the student level, you will either be assigned a topic during a course or choose a lab that performs research that interests you.  Choose a subject that excites you or that you find yourself drawn to. Scientific research isn’t limited to just subjects like biology, chemistry, and physics. As long as you follow the scientific method to perform your study you are doing research. The research question will be the main focus of your study. Once you have a chosen a topic that interests you, investigate some of the unanswered questions within that field. The research question should be based in a field that you have some familiarity with. You can have more than one research question for a scientific study.  Do a brief literature search to familiarize yourself with what information is already out there and what unanswered questions there are.  Make sure you have the necessary resources available to you (funding and laboratory equipment) to work on the question. Talk to professors or other researchers and have them help you identify a question that you could work on. Many articles will state some of the unanswered questions and speculate on future directions or suggest experiments that will be necessary in the future. Use these as a springboard for your own ideas. You may have done a brief literature search to help you develop a research question, but now you must really do your homework. Find and read articles in the field related to the problem you’ve identified. Read the current literature as well as some of the seminal papers that established the field.  It is impossible to read every paper, but when performing research, you want to be an expert on the topic. You also don’t want to repeat experiments that have already been done. The literature search will help you design the experiments and determine the proper experimental conditions to use. Take detailed notes as you read through the literature. You will likely be writing a paper on...

TL;DR in English:


Remove the wires from the amplifier and attach them to a 9-volt battery. Inspect the speaker. Get a multimeter tester. Test the ohms.

Don't keep kissing them for more than a few seconds. Stop and put a little space between the two of you. Take a moment to breathe and think about what happened. It's okay to go back in for another kiss, but it's best to take a little break first. Remember, the other person is likely just as nervous about kissing as you are. Show them you liked it by looking at them and smiling. You might also hold their hand or put your arm around them. Make eye contact, then lean in close again. Watch to see if they're leaning in, too. If you're in doubt, ask them if they want another kiss.  Say, “Are you ready for another kiss?” or “Can we do that again?” Only go in for another kiss if you want one. Don't feel pressured to kiss if you don't feel like it. After the kiss, spend some time being intimate without kissing. Hold them in your arms, snuggle up next to them, or hold hands. Do what feels comfortable for both you and your kissing partner. Relax and enjoy this time together. You might watch a movie, talk, or go for a walk. You might feel overwhelmed or nervous right after your kiss, and that's okay. On the other hand, you might feel really excited and chatty. Either way, talk to your kissing partner about what happened when you feel ready, whether it's right after the kiss or later in the day or night.  For instance, say something like, “I've been wanting to do that for a really long time,” “That was nice,” or “You're a good kisser.” Don't feel like you have to say something right away. It's okay to wait. Text, call, or talk to the person you kissed to check on how they're doing. Let them know if you're interested in going on another date or hanging out with them again. Additionally, tell them if you enjoyed the kiss.  Keep in mind that having a first kiss doesn't mean you always have to kiss. It's okay to decide you want to wait awhile to do it again. On the other hand, it's perfectly normal to be excited about the chance to get another kiss. Say something like, "I had fun last night. The kiss was nice. Do you want to...

TL;DR in English: Pull away to give you both a chance to take a breath. Smile at them to show them you liked it. Go in for a second kiss only if they seem ready for it. Cuddle or hold hands for several minutes afterwards. Say something about the kiss when you're ready. Follow up with your kissing partner the day after your kiss.
###
Use a wire brush to scrub the grill clean to remove old food particles that have been burned on. Once you've removed the larger pieces, go over each part of the grill with a grill brush and give the grill a good scrubbing. Empty out old ashes from the bottom of the bowl. When you're finished cleaning the grill, remove it from the braai and set it aside so you can light the fire. Stuff the bottom of the chimney starter with a piece of newspaper. Fill the chimney starter with as much wood or charcoal as you can fit. A braai needs a good, hot, large fire, so you need to start with a lot of fuel. When the chimney starter is full, use a barbecue lighter to light the newspaper in the bottom of the starter. Light it in multiple places around the starter.  Once the fire is started, it will begin to spread and the charcoal or wood will burn down. Continue burning the fire in the chimney starter until the wood turns to embers or the charcoal turns gray. When the wood or charcoal is ready, pour the embers into the bowl and spread them out evenly with charcoal tongs. This will ensure that there aren't any cool spots, and that the steak cooks evenly on the grill. Concentrate the coals in the center of the bowl so the heat will be directly below where the steak is cooking. Carefully place the grill back into the bowl of the barbecue. If your grill has multiple racks, place the grill on the lowest one, nearest to the fire. Let the grill sit over the coals for 10 to 20 minutes to preheat. This will ensure the steak starts cooking as soon as you lay it on the grill.  Ideally, you want the grill to be 2 to 6 inches (5 to 15 cm) from the bed of embers.  When the grill is good and hot, use the wire brush again to give it a final scrub.

TL;DR in English: Clean the grill. Light the fire. Spread out the coals. Preheat the grill.
###
Perform an ollie, then catch and land the board directly onto a rail. You can use a custom-made fingerboarding rail, or the edge of a table or piece of wood. Use slight pressure from both fingers on each side of the board to keep it balanced, and move it forward to the end of the rail. You may find it easier to keep balanced if your hand and fingers are flat, parallel to the top of the board. Feel free to find your balance before attempting to ollie onto a rail by placing your board directly onto the rail. This is a bit of a trickier grind, as it combines three tricks into one. Ollie your board up, and instead of using both fingers to land the board onto the rail, just use your rear finger to apply pressure downwards. Your board will land at an angle on the rail — keep the manual going by using a continuous slight amount of pressure on the rear, and then land the trick by bringing your front finger back down on the front lip. Practice this trick by placing the board onto the rail without an ollie, and then try to do a manual. It is trickier than performing a manual on a flat surface because only the center of the board itself will give you stability rather than both rear wheels. Ollie your board into the air, but instead of applying pressure on the rear as you would with a 5-0 grind, instead bring your index finger to the nose and press down to lift the rear up. Your board will be angled at the rear, instead of at the front, and you can ride it to the end of the rail where you will put pressure back on the rear to land the board.  This is essentially a reverse 5-0, or a front-side manual performed on a rail instead of on a flat surface. It can take a few minutes to get used to the reversed finger motions, so don't lose patience and keep trying until you nail it!

TL;DR in English: Do a basic 50-50 grind on a rail with your fingers keeping the board balanced. Perform a 5-0 by doing an ollie onto a rail, then manual the rail. Do a nose grind by performing the manual backward by pressing on the front.
###
You want to be refreshed and ready to take the test the next day so be sure to get a full night of sleep. Don’t stay up late studying or make yourself anxious. Review your study materials like you normally would and hit the sack at a decent time. Bring all of your study materials with you on the day of the test. Review your materials at lunch, in between classes, and during any free time that you have. Don't cram or make yourself anxious, though! Calmly review the materials and be sure to revisit any topics that have tripped you up in the past. Go through your flashcards a few times before you take the test so that everything is fresh in your mind. before the test. Meditate, take a few deep breaths from your diaphragm, and think positive thoughts before you walk into the classroom. Remind yourself that you’ve studied hard and you’re totally prepared for the test. Visualize yourself acing this exam. You can do it!   Be sure to go to the bathroom before the test starts so you don't have to go during the test. It's perfectly normal to experience anxiety before a test! Try to avoid fixating on your fear and focus on the task at hand. As soon as your teacher hands you the test, take a few minutes to quickly look over the entire thing. Read through the instructions carefully once or twice. Once you know exactly what you’re dealing with, you’ll be able to pace yourself properly. If there are any instructions you don’t understand, raise your hand and ask your teacher to explain them. Read all of the questions once or twice before you start answering anything. Look for keywords in each question and circle, underline, or highlight them. For example, a set of multiple choice questions may include important keywords like "all," "always," "never," "none," "few," "many," "some," and "sometimes."  Watch for crucial instructions like "mark all of the correct answers" and "choose the answer which is least likely to." You can also jot down any notes that come to mind in the margins if that's permitted. Go ahead and get the...

TL;DR in English: Get a good sleep the night before the test. Review your study materials before class starts. Stay calm Skim through the entire test before you start writing in answers. Circle or underline keywords as you read through the questions. Answer the easiest questions first. Go back over all of your answers before you turn in your test.
###
Even after you’re approved for unemployment benefits, you still must apply for benefits weekly or biweekly. This is usually called “certifying” benefits for those weeks. You should receive a schedule in the mail telling you when to certify. Be on the lookout. If you don’t receive any notification, contact your state’s unemployment office. You’ll probably certify either online or possibly by phone or through the mail. You will need to report any income you have earned for the weeks you are claiming benefits. You will also need to confirm you have not turned down any jobs. You typically have a limited amount of time to certify a week. For example, in Wisconsin, you only get 14 days after the week ends. You also can’t certify a week before it ends. You must continue to look for jobs while you are unemployed. Depending on your state, you may need to keep a log of your job search. Write down the name of the employer, when you contacted them, and who you spoke with. You might have to apply for a certain number of jobs during every benefit period. For example, in Washington, you must make at least three contacts every week. Check with your state’s unemployment office. The office might call you in to discuss your job search. You should ask ahead of time what information they will need to see. Typically, they’ll want to see your job search log.

TL;DR in English: Check your schedule. Certify your eligibility for benefits. Keep track of your job search. Meet with the unemployment office.
###
Listen out for a brief popping sound form the speaker.  This might require you to unscrew the speaker out of its holder. Only remove the wires if you're comfortable handling electronics. Remove the speaker cover so you can inspect the speaker itself. Attach the wires to a 9-volt battery again and observe the speaker. If the cone moves, your problem is in the connection, not the speaker. These simple electronic tools help measure ohms and voltages. They can be found at your local electronic store or hardware store. You can also use an ohmmeter. Set your device to reading ohms if you're using a multimeter. Make sure that the speakers are turned off. Touch the lead of your device to each terminal of the speaker. The terminal is the part of the speaker where the wires attach.  If you get a reading of 1.0 ohms, then that speaker is not blown and the problem is somewhere else. If the device reads infinite ohms, then your speaker is blown.

TL;DR in English:


Do your history research first. Look in your backyard to scout out earthworks and other signs. Look at your local landscape and consider why people decided to live there in the first place. Look for a good place to dig in your own backyard (or your neighbour's if they give you permission).

Consommé can be served chilled or hot. To serve it hot, simply ladle individual portions into soup bowls as soon as the consommé is ready. Otherwise, allow the consommé to cool to room temperature, and then chill it in the refrigerator for one to two hours before serving. Chilled consommé is best served alone or simply garnished with fresh herbs. You can serve hot consommé with vegetables to make the soup into a more filling meal or starter. Traditionally, consommé is served with raw or [Blanch-Vegetables|blanched vegetables]] that have been julienned, which means cut into small, thin sticks. Vegetables you can serve with consommé include:  Carrots Onions Peppers Broccoli Mushrooms Celery Hot consommé can also be served with meat slices, meat balls, sausage, or dumplings to make it a heartier dish. You can use fish, vegetable, pork, beef, or chicken dumplings, and any kind of sausage or meat you like. Place the meat or dumplings into the serving bowl and ladle hot consommé on top before serving. Make sure meat and dumplings are cooked through before adding the soup, because they will not cook in the consommé. Right before serving the consommé, you can spruce it up by adding chopped fresh herbs as a garnish. Add your vegetables, meat, dumplings, and other additions first, then ladle the soup into the bowl, and then sprinkle the herbs on top. Popular herbs to pair with consommé include:  Parsley Chives Rosemary Saffron

TL;DR in English: Serve it hot or cold. Ladle it over vegetables. Pair it with dumplings or meat. Garnish it with additional herbs. Finished.
###
Almost all versions of OS X support these codes. You can use them in any text editor or any other field where you can input text. Hold down the ⌥ Option key and press - on the numeric pad. Your en dash will appear. Hold down the ⌥ Option+⇧ Shift keys and press - on the numeric pad. Your em dash will appear.

TL;DR in English: Use this method in any text field in Mac OS X. Write an en dash. Write an em dash.
###
To begin recording, click “Start Recording” at the bottom-right corner of the OBS menu. It may take a while for the recording to actually begin and appear in the preview window. Once the recording has begun, open the World of Warcraft window and start playing. To end the recording, click the “Stop Recording” button that replaces “Start Recording.” Many videos contain content that is unnecessary, such as the character standing around waiting while the player is setting things up. These segments can be edited out to condense the file and make the video more interesting. This can be done using video-editing software that is included with the Windows OS, such as Windows Movie Maker.  Open Windows Movie Maker and select the box that reads “Click here to browse videos and photos.” Select the footage you would like to edit, and click “Open” in the bottom-right corner. Play the video, and when you see the beginning of the part you would like to cut, select the “Split” button on the bottom right of the video preview. This will split the video into sections. Continue playing the video until the end of the part you wish to remove. Then select “Split” again. Select the section in the middle that was just created, then hit Backspace on your keyboard to delete it.

TL;DR in English: Begin recording. Start playing. End the recording. Condense the video.
###
Depending on your hair's natural oiliness, curliness, and other factors, you'll need to tweak the basic "poofing" process slightly to make sure it works right for you. While the essential process should be the same, pay attention to the way your own hair behaves and tweak the process accordingly.  If you have very thin hair, you'll probably need to use a considerable amount of hairspray or other product to get your hair to stay up. If your hair is a lot thicker, you should use less product and tease your hair more. If you have oily hair, most people will need to wash more frequently 4-5 times per week, to make it more poofy. Some people, however, tend to get a little more body the less frequently hair is washed. You want your hair to be nice and clean when you attempt to poof it up. Massage a pea-sized amount of shampoo into your scalp and hair follicles, then rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water.  Get to know your own body and wash your hair as frequently as it needs it. In general, you want to wash slightly less. 3-4 times per week should be enough for most people.  Avoid washing in excessively hot water, which can dry your hair out and leave it stringy. Hair conditioner is used to leave your hair feeling smooth, and it can also help to give your hair some body, without tangling it up. If you want to emphasize your hair's natural body, use hair conditioner every time you wash it. Rinse out conditioner thoroughly, running water through a couple of times to make sure it's all gone. If you don't, excess conditioner can make your hair feel greasy and lank after you wash it.

TL;DR in English: Let your own hair be a guide. Clean your hair using shampoo. Apply conditioner.
###
To see if a visual style of learning suits you best, try different methods that favor seeing and observing things. Watch demonstrations of things in person or online (e.g. a YouTube video detailing how to fix a leaky pipe), or enhance your reading by highlighting text or making note cards. Other visual learning techniques may include:  Consulting maps, graphs, or charts Making lists Drawing illustrations Using post-it notes Determine if tactile learning is the best fit for you by getting involved with a topic that you are learning about. For example, if you are learning about a city's history, visit some of the key landmarks that you read about (e.g. visiting the Mark Twain House in Connecticut while learning about the author). Some other types of hands-on learning methods to try are:  Interviewing people about a subject (e.g. interviewing a veteran about their experience in the armed forces) Acting things out (e.g. pretending to be a character from a historical text) Conduct studies or experiments (e.g. growing a plant as a science project) There are quizzes online that can help you figure out how you learn best. In addition to trying out each learning style, it may be helpful to utilize a quiz or 2 and see if the outcome matches up with what kind of learning style you think you have. For instance, you can take a learning style quiz at https://www.edutopia.org/multiple-intelligences-assessment.

TL;DR in English: Use visual learning techniques. Experiment with hands-on learning. Take an online quiz to determine your learning style.
###
It can save a lot of time looking at the history of your local area as that way you will have a fair concept of what to expect, if anything is in your area. If your home has been occupied for many generations, you will likely find a better structure of the history to analyze. Places with little records, or that were known to have phases of occupation and desertion can be just as fascinating. It is important to know the local history or local myths. If your area is said to have history dating back hundreds of years, it can be a far more complex job to correctly identify layers, whereby if you are in a new development, the likelihood of finding old and complex human activity is minimal. In this case, interesting finds or anything you don't understand should be referred to the local museum or archaeological authority. Earthworks can include signs of ploughing, levelling, terracing, or raising the earth to build on. There can also be banks and ditches, which can have a range of interpretations––these changes may have been recent, or much older and may be very subtle. Other useful signs to look for include:  Parch marks or stunted growth in grass or fields. While this can be caused by plant pathology and soil fungus, regular shapes or marks where the soil is dry can be signs of compacted earth and foundations of buildings or other structures (including smaller things such as old bird baths, sundials, ponds and other garden furniture). Natural stone close to the surface could be of geological interest. There may be evidence of chemicals or waste dumping in the past. In this case, proceed with great caution, as exposing yourself to dangerous chemicals can be harmful or even lethal. (Contact your local authority if you are concerned this is the case.) It might be near a river or stream for water supplies, good soil for agriculture, forests for wood and hunting, local hills and valleys that protect from the elements and other aspects. Why you live in your area isn't always the reason why older generations decided to...

TL;DR in English:


Make sure Twitter notifications are enabled for your Android. Open Twitter. Tap your profile icon. Tap Settings and privacy. Tap Notifications. Tap Push notifications. Tap the grey "Push notifications" switch . Tap Tweets. Enable push notifications for user tweets.

Tie the rest of the hair back into a low ponytail. Make sure that the only hair out of the ponytail is either the hair that you will cut into bangs. This means that if you want your bangs to blend into the rest of your hair, cut them long enough so that all of your bangs are the length of that longest hair. You can always cut more. Comb your bangs horizontally so that they lie flat against your face. Decide how long you want your bangs to be. Remember that you can always cut them shorter, but you cannot add back hair that you cut off. Use your nondominant hand. Make sure that the hair is even and pulled taut.

TL;DR in English: Comb the bang hair forward. Cut horizontally to the longest possible length that you want your bangs to have. Hold bangs flat against your face with a comb. Hold bangs between your middle and index fingers.
###
Queen ants in existing colonies will venture off to start new colonies during certain times of the year. Local entomologists (people who study insects) or even local pest control companies will likely know the best time of year for you to search for a queen ant venturing off to build a new colony. Day length, temperature, and rainfall are just a few of the variables to take into consideration for your area regarding when a queen will do this. For dryer areas such as the Southwest, it will usually be in the springtime, whereas later summer monsoons may be the ideal time in other regions. The more ant colonies you check during the correct window of opportunity, the more likely you will be to find a queen ant during her search. A queen is also likely to try to build a colony in an area where other ant colonies already thrive, so look for spots in undeveloped areas with several colonies within a short distance of one another. Queen ants and the males that mate with them don’t simply fly out of the mature colony entrance knowing where to go. During the correct window, you might see several queen ants walking around near the entrance to their parent colony. During this period, the queen ants are testing the weather to decide on the right time to start a new colony.  Since you're looking for a queen ant, you should know how to differentiate them from the other ants in the colony. At this stage, the queen ant will have wings. However, even after the stage where she pulls off her wings, you can identify her by her much larger size compared to the other ants. This will be most prominent in the thorax, which is the middle section of the ant between the head and the abdomen of the ant. You can also find additional characteristics provided at: How to Identify a Queen Ant  If you simply want a queen ant, this is the ideal time to cup one; however, if you want a queen ant in order to start your own ant colony, then you shouldn’t do it yet. These still winged queen ants have not yet mated in this step of colony building....

TL;DR in English: Contact an expert about the best time. Find an area with several active ant colonies. Look for a queen ant. Wait until you see a queen ant wandering around erratically. Handle your new queen ant with care.
###
Before you start, you should unplug the dryer to prevent accidents. The plug is usually located behind the machine. Test it to be sure that you have unplugged it correctly. If you have a gas dryer, you will also want to shut off the gas. You've probably noticed that lint gets everywhere. There seems to be a cloud of it anytime you open your dryer or fiddle with the trap. Of course, this means that lint works its way into all the cracks and crevices of your machine and you'll want to be sure to clean it at least once a year to prevent problems.  A dryer blocked up with lint can dry inefficiently and even cause fires. The lint trap should, of course, be cleaned out after every use. This is very important because if you don't, new lint won't have anywhere to go, creating a mess and increasing the amount of time needed to dry a load of clothes. Use a vacuum cleaner to clean out behind the lint trap every few weeks to every few months, depending on how much lint your items create and how well your trap catches the lint.  Pull out the lint trap and vacuum the tube that is on the other side. You might also want to vacuum out the exhaust tubes, although these are often difficult to reach or inaccessible. The moisture sensor, which is on most modern machines, tells your dryer when the clothes are dry. If it's covered in lint it won't work correctly, which can lead to your dryer turning off before everything is dry. Wipe the bar down with rubbing alcohol to clean it and keep your dryer running correctly.  These are usually found near the lint trap or at the back of the machine. They will look like two long, silver strips of metal and are usually surrounded by or mounted on plastic. If you don't clean these often, you might need to scrub with something a little more substantial, like a Magic Eraser. Much like you can lift the top of your stove to clean below the heating elements, you can open up your dryer if you're brave and clean the lint that builds up around the drum. Different dryers open in different ways, so...

TL;DR in English: Unplug the dryer. Clean your lint trap with every use and your dryer as a whole once a year. Clean the lint trap with a vacuum. Wipe down the moisture sensor. Open the panel surrounding the drum. Put it back together.
###
The liver aids both in glandular function and with other organ systems. It protects the body by detoxifying hormones, drugs, and any biological molecules not produced in the human body. The liver also synthesizes cholesterol and proteins that might otherwise lead to clotting and inflammation. It stores vitamins, minerals, and sugar while removing bacteria.  The liver is involved in several important body functions, so it can become taxed by overuse. It's very important to return an overburdened liver to healthy enzyme levels to ensure all of these processes continue to function normally. Partly because the liver performs so many essential functions, it is prone to a number of different diseases. There are a wide variety of diseases that can cause your liver enzyme levels to shoot up:  Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), also known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): fats such as triglycerides and cholesterol accumulate in the liver. Hepatitis viruses: Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E all have different causes. However, each different type of hepatitis infection taxes the liver. Other infections that burden the liver include mononucleosis, adenoviruses, and cytomegalovirus. Tick bites and parasites can cause harmful diseases like Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever or toxoplasmosis. Cancer that is often related to previous viral infections and liver cirrhosis Alcoholic hepatitis Jaundice Cirrhosis or the late-stage scarring of the liver Because the liver is involved in so many different processes, there is no single list of symptoms that point to liver disease. However, every liver disorder has both unique and shared symptoms.  If you experience any of these symptoms, speak with your healthcare provider immediately:  Yellowish skin and eyes that suggest jaundice Abdominal pain and swelling Swelling in the legs and ankles Itchy skin Dark yellow or reddish urine color Pale stools or bloody, tarry stools Chronic fatigue Nausea or vomiting Loss of appetite Weight loss Dry mouth, increased thirst A tendency to...

TL;DR in English: Learn what the liver does for your body. Educate yourself on conditions that can tax the liver. Recognize the symptoms of liver disease. See your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. Track your liver enzymes.
###
The heat cycle is the cycle, like human menstruation, that regulates the reproductive system of female dogs. Before thinking about breeding, you need to be familiar with the of the heat cycle.  Female dogs go into heat starting around 4 months old. This depends on size though, as small dogs may begin around 4 months and larger dogs may not begin until 24 months. Heat lasts approximately 2 to 4 weeks. Many dogs are most fertile about 9 or 10 days after heat has begun. This period is about 5 days long. After reaching maturity, dogs will go into heat regularly. For most dogs, this is about every 6 months. Smaller dogs may go into heat every 3 or 4 months, and larger dogs may only go into heat every 12 to 18 months. As a demanding physical condition, pregnancy puts serious stress on a dog’s body.  In addition, there are a variety of complications that could threaten the dog’s health. Some problems include:  Uterine infection. Inflammation of the mammary glands. Eclampsia, which is a condition associated with blood calcium depletion in nursing dogs. Prolapsed or distended uterus. Experienced breeders in your community, or around your region, are a great resource for you when it comes to learning about breeding. As people who have bred dogs for many years, they know the intricacies of breeding.  Contact a kennel club, like the American Kennel Club, for information on experienced breeders near you. In addition, a kennel club might have information on breeding or a contact person for breeders. Find a mentor in your community. You might be able to find a mentor through a veterinarian.

TL;DR in English: Understand the heat cycle. Learn about health complications associated with pregnancy. Talk to experienced breeders.
###
In order to receive push notifications from Twitter, you must allow them in the Settings menu:  Open Settings. Tap Apps. Scroll down and tap Twitter. Tap Notifications. Turn on the "Notifications" switch or checkbox if necessary. Tap the Twitter app icon, which resembles a white bird on a light-blue background. Doing so opens your Twitter homepage if you're logged in. If you aren't logged into Twitter, enter your email address (or username) and password when prompted to log in. It's in the top-left corner of the screen. Doing so opens a pop-out menu. On some Androids, you may instead tap ☰ in the top-left corner of the screen. This option is in the pop-out menu. It's near the top of the page. This option is near the bottom of the page. It's in the top-right corner of the screen. Doing so will cause the switch to turn blue, signifying that Twitter notifications are now enabled. If this switch is already blue, notifications are already enabled. This option is near the top of the page. Tap the grey "Tweets" switch in the top-right corner of the screen to do so. At this point, you can proceed with turning on notifications for a user's tweets. Again, if the switch here is already blue, notifications are enabled.

TL;DR in English: