The family of a teenager who vanished nine years ago has welcomed a police appeal for information about a Volvo car seen on the night he went missing.

Article: In Aloha, Cameron Crowe's latest film, Emma Stone, a American actress with blonde hair and green eyes, was cast as Allison Ng - a junior fighter pilot who was part-Chinese, part-Hawaiian and part-Swedish.
Soon after the release, there was an uproar of criticism from social media against Crowe's casting choice.
Both Asians and non-Asians asked why they didn't pick an Asian actress to play a character who is part-Asian.
One advocacy group called Aloha "a whitewashed film" that failed to portray the ethnical diversity of Hawaii.
The Media Action Network for Asian Americans (MANAA) noted 60% of Hawaii's population is Asian-American Pacific Islanders and 30% Caucasian, a fact not reflected in the film.
Crowe apologised on his website but said he based the Ng character on a real-life redheaded Hawaiian who felt compelled to constantly over-explain her unlikely ethnicity.
"I can understand what Crowe said about his intention that he based his character on someone that didn't look Asian but identified with the culture but you could have casted someone who was part Hawaiian," Guy Aoki, the founding president of MANAA, said.
"Whitewashing" casting differs from "colour-blind casting," where a role is cast when factors of race or ethnicity are irrelevant to the character or plot.
This practice is increasingly popular and has been adopted in several movies, including Samuel Jackson's turn as Nick Fury, originally a white character, in several Marvel superhero films, Lucy Liu playing Dr Watson, Sherlock Holmes' assistant, in the US TV series Elementary and Yasiin Bey portraying Ford Prefect in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.
In the latter case, the character's race was never specified in the original version.
Shonda Rhimes took a similar tack when casting her popular TV show Grey's Anatomy. None of the characters were assigned a race and the best actors were selected for each role.
Hollywood has been accused of whitewashing Asians for decades.
In the early days of big budget film, directors put eye and cheek...

Summary: Hollywood's reliance on bankable - and often white - actors has led to another round of sharp criticism of filmmakers for "whitewashing" roles where race and ethnicity play a part.
###
Article: The issue - dubbed the West Lothian question - is being discussed during a House of Commons debate about further devolution to Scotland and UK-wide constitutional change following September's independence referendum.
Currently MPs from the devolved nations can vote on English laws, even if they do not affect their own countries.
So what would the changes actually mean for Wales?
Prof Richard Wyn Jones, director of the Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff University, explains.
There are some tricky technical issues around implementation of English votes for English laws, but assuming they can be overcome then here are two obvious reasons why people in Wales should care.
Firstly, implementing the change would reduce the role of Welsh MPs at Westminster.
It is not clear that this is a huge concern for the Welsh electorate. The recent ICM/BBC poll suggested that a narrow majority in Wales actually support preventing Welsh MPs voting on England-only matters.
But it is a matter that some of the MPs involved care passionately about.
Secondly, any moves towards recognising England as a distinct unit within the UK would be simplified if the boundary between Wales and England became more clearly delineated.
At the moment it remains significantly more fuzzy than the England-Scotland legal and administrative border.
So, for example, it seems clear that English votes for English laws would be easier to implement if Wales were to move to a "reserved powers" model of devolution (as now supported by all the parties in Wales) -  with the law clearly setting out what is reserved to Westminster and what is not to avoid legal disputes.
It is also likely that any move towards the England-only votes would be another nail in the coffin of the unified England and Wales legal jurisdiction.
When David Cameron raised the spectre of English votes for English laws in the immediate aftermath of the Scottish independence referendum, he was responding to several different developments.
A widespread belief among the English population that...

Summary: What would be the repercussions if Welsh, Scottish and Northern Irish MPs were barred from voting on laws that only apply in England?
###
Article: Given our many achievements (I don't see chimpanzees landing probes on comets in the near future) it's a tendency that's largely justified.
But most of our thoughts aren't consumed with the magnificence or otherwise of our species. If we're honest, most of our thoughts are taken up by us as individuals.
Central to this conceit is the notion of our "personality". However, while we might think that our sparkling personalities are something unique, psychological research tells us that we can assess and measure personality using just five main personality dimensions.
What's more, not only are our personalities not quite as special as we might think, recent animal research tells us that personality is not even something unique to humans.
Research into animal behaviour has usually focused on behaviour across a species, or more accurately, across a sample of that species. The approach has examined "average behaviour" and individuals only featured as data points, with variation between individuals being of far less interest than the description and explanation of the overall behaviours observed.
Recently though, there has been a shift in this view. Inter-individual variation between animals is no longer being dismissed as statistical noise but instead has been embraced and studied.
As you can hear in Frontiers on BBC Radio 4, insights from this individual-focused research have led us to a far more nuanced view of behaviour and the evolutionary processes that have shaped it.
This approach to animal behaviour has become known as animal personality research. For a field notoriously sensitive to claims of anthropomorphism it might seem strange that a word so intrinsically human, with "person" so central to its etymology, has been embraced.
But actually it's not so surprising. Human personality is all about repeatable behavioural tendencies within an individual; in other words, we tend to respond to similar situations in a broadly predictable way.
Some of us want to be the centre of attention while others shy away....

Summary: We like to think humans are pretty special.
###
Article: Ash Carter told the BBC it was an "important part of the deterrent structure of Nato" and allowed the UK to punch above its weight.
MPs are expected to vote this year on whether to back government plans to renew the UK's four Trident submarines.
Labour is currently reviewing its support for the weapons.
Renewing the Trident fleet, which is due to become obsolete by the end of the next decade, is estimated by the government to cost Â£31bn, although opponents claim the final bill will be far higher.
Asked whether the UK should be investing in a new fleet of submarines amid stretched defence resources, Mr Carter replied unequivocally that it should.
He said Trident aided the UK's "special relationship" with the US and helped it "continue to play that outsized role on the global stage that it does because of its moral standing and its historical standing".
"It's important that the military power matches that standing and so we're very supportive of it," he said.
Mr Carter said the UK and US each had independent authority to use Trident but were "dependent upon one another industrially".
"We depend upon the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom depends on us, that's part of the special relationship," he told the BBC. "We build joint strike fighters together, we build Trident missiles together."
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn is a longstanding opponent of nuclear weapons and has commissioned a review by shadow defence secretary Emily Thornberry.
But some of the party's MPs and peers have threatened to resign if it reverses its decades-long support for the missiles. Shadow home secretary Andy Burnham, who backs renewal, recently indicated it may be "impossible" for Labour to reach an agreed position on Trident.
The US defence secretary was asked about Ms Thornberry's suggestion that underwater drones could be able to detect submarines in future, making them vulnerable to attack and obsolete.
Mr Carter, who this week attended a meeting with Nato defence ministers in Brussels, said the ability of submarines to "operate...

Summary: Britain must keep its Trident nuclear weapons system if it wants to play a significant role in the world, the US defence secretary has said.
###
Article: Quietly spoken, Jack Lowe is a man on the verge of his dreams.
A life-long love of photography and lifeboats has finally put him on the road around Britain's coast.
Having given up the Newcastle printmaking business he ran for 15 years, he plans to record all 237 of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution's stations on glass plates with a 110-year-old camera.
"It was like stepping towards the edge of a cliff and hoping that your flying suit would work," he says.
"I wanted to make things again, things that are actually photo-graphy, drawing with light," he says.
"Making light interact with chemicals and having a physical object people can refer to in 100 years' time.
"The second thing is engagement, participation. It becomes a collaboration because their time is no more or less valuable than my time and we make it together.
"Not only that, but they see within seconds the image appear. So they get an instant bit of reward for their efforts."
Jack, 39, is quietly delighted by the effect the result has on its subjects.
"Sometimes they're moved to tears," he says.
"Tag, the Aldeburgh coxswain, we were just there together. His eyes welled up when he saw it appear out of the chemicals.
"You pour fixer on the image and it switches from negative to positive before your eyes - magical."
Joanna Quinn, from the RNLI, says the crews photographed so far have found it an "involving and exciting experience".
"It's hard to articulate why the pictures are so effective but I think it's something to do with the fact that they look quite timeless," she says.
"Lifeboat crews, though they change through the years - there are more women now, for example, than there ever have been - what they do has always been consistent.
"They are always willing to go out and save lives at sea and I think that continuity and that history is something that's reflected in his pictures."
This is the RNLI that "captivated" the eight-year-old Jack.
Living on a boat at Teddington and Ramsgate harbour probably helped.
As did visiting his dad on the Isle...

Summary: A lifeboat enthusiast has set about recording the country's RNLI volunteers using Victorian photographic methods.
###
Article: Luke Durbin, 19, of Hollesley, Suffolk, failed to return home after a night out in Ipswich on 12 May 2006.
His mother Nicki said when a police team took over the case and interviewed her for six hours she was able to put more emphasis on the car.
She had always believed the owner of the Volvo car was significant.
"I am hopeful someone will now come forward and I am convinced there is someone out there with relevant information," she said.
"Despite the disappearance being nine years ago I am sure someone locally knows something.
"It's a relief to know the team is now looking seriously at the importance of the car."
Police know the silver or white Volvo 440 was seen in Orwell Place in Ipswich at 04:19 BST on Friday 12 May 2006, just minutes after the last CCTV images of Luke .
Officers are keen to trace the driver and any occupants of the vehicle.
Mr Durbin had spent part of the evening in Zest nightclub on Princes Street before leaving in the early hours.
The last sighting of him was on CCTV walking across Dogs Head Street in the direction of the bus station.
Det Supt John Brocklebank said: "Someone locally knows what happened to Luke, however we are still waiting for the crucial piece of information that can solve the mystery.
"We're releasing the CCTV images of a Volvo seen in the area.  Despite appeals we have not been able to trace the occupants of this car.
"We'd like to hear from anyone who knows someone who had access to a silver or white coloured Volvo 440 around May 2006 who may have been in Ipswich around 04:00 BST that day."

Summary:


Two Turkish soldiers have been killed and 31 wounded in a suicide attack by Kurdish PKK militants, the Turkish military says.

Article: The company will now concentrate on selling printing equipment and services to businesses.
The personal film business, which includes 105,000 photo kiosks around the world, souvenir photos at amusement parks and photographic paper, is now owned by its UK pension fund.
Kodak filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in January 2012.
The company was founded in 1892 and made photography available to the masses, but it failed to adapt its business model to the development of digital photography.
"We have emerged as a technology company serving imaging for business markets - including packaging, functional printing, graphic communications and professional services," said Antonio Perez, chief executive of Kodak.
"We have been revitalized by our transformation and restructured to become a formidable competitor - leaner, with a strong capital structure, a healthy balance sheet, and the industry's best technology."
Kodak said it had completed the sale of assets to the UK Kodak Pension Plan, secured $695m (Â£447m) in financing and another $406m in capital.

Summary: Kodak has emerged from bankruptcy having shed many of the businesses that made it famous.
###
Article: Only 276 Swallow Dorettis were made in the West Midlands and about 100 remain unaccounted for.
The car was designed chiefly for US car buyers, but this latest find was in Bovey Tracey.
It will be auctioned on 21 February with an estimate of about Â£11,000.
The Doretti, built by Swallow Coachbuilding in Walsall, was an attempt to attract car buyers on the west coast of America who liked Italian sounding sports car names.
But it was actually named after Dorothy Deen, who managed sales distribution in America.
Adverts boasted about its "100 mph elegance" and the car's acceleration of 0-60 mph in 12.3 seconds.
One even made an appearance in a Gregory Peck and Fred Astaire film called On the Beach.
Most of the cars made at the time were left-hand drive. However the one discovered in Devon is a right hand drive.
Rendells Stonepark, the auctioneer and valuer which discovered the car, said although it was built at some stage between 1954 and 1955, it carries a 1965 registration plate.
Its last MoT test is believed to have been 1976 in Hammersmith, west London.

Summary: A rare sports car built in the 1950s and found in a Devon barn will go under the hammer next month.
###
Article: Although the IMF raised its prediction for UK GDP growth this year to 1.8%, the figure for 2017 was cut to 1.1%.
Its assumptions are based on "smooth post-Brexit negotiations and a limited increase in economic barriers".
The IMF's latest World Economic Outlook predicts "subpar" global growth this year of 3.1%, rising slightly in 2017.
Chief economist Maurice Obstfeld said: "Taken as a whole, the world economy has moved sideways. Without determined policy action to support economic activity over the short and longer terms, sub-par growth at recent levels risks perpetuating itself."
A fall in US growth this year to 1.6%, down from the previous 2.2% forecast, will be offset by increases in countries including Japan, Germany and Russia and India, the IMF said.
Economists for Brexit, a group of eight influential economists which supported the Leave campaign ahead of the EU referendum, criticised the IMF's forecasts arguing their pre-Brexit forecasts had already been proven wrong.
"The IMF, together with countless other institutions, forecasted a state of Armageddon which hasn't even come close to materialising in the UK," said Graeme Leach, member of Economists for Brexit and chief executive of Macronomics.
He added: "The UK economy seems to be strengthening, not weakening. Just today, construction PMI was positive, ahead of many gloomy forecasts.
"Consumer spending is strong, with retail sales up 6% and car sales also growing."
The group said it still expects the UK to grow 2.6% this year and next, unchanged from its pre-referendum forecast.
The indifferent economic recovery after the global financial crisis has been a persistent theme in the Fund's regular World Economic Outlook reports.
The latest report warns of the danger of a pattern of underperformance becoming entrenched.
Weak growth can lead to lower investment, slower productivity growth and the erosion of what the IMF calls "human capital" - which means skills and expertise.
The UK referendum result highlights wider trends in developed economies, the...

Summary: The International Monetary Fund has cut its forecast for UK economic growth next year as it warned that the global recovery remains "weak and precarious".
###
Article: Miltiades Papadopoulos, 41, was found dead at his house in Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, on 22 October 2014.
On Tuesday, Sebastian Kimel, 40, was found guilty of murder, while Arkadiusz Szarkowski, 42, and Krzysztof Kasza, 42, were convicted of manslaughter.
At the Old Bailey, Kimel was jailed for life with a minimum term of 25 years. Szarkowski and Kasza were both jailed for 13 years.
Mr Papadopoulos, also known as Milton, had been trussed up and smothered to death.
The victim's home had been ransacked, but the only item police confirmed as missing was Mr Papadopoulos' Â£20,000 Rolex watch.
The court heard the three men, who were from Poland, had identified Mr Papadopoulos as a target through a Polish "Mr Big" named in court as Lucasz, who supplied the victim with escort girls, who in turn reported back on his wealth.
The three men - Kimel, from Streatham, Szarkowski, from Hornchurch, and Kasza, from Wood Green, all in London - were also convicted of conspiracy to rob and conspiracy to falsely imprison.
The jury was not told that a fourth suspected killer, Wojciech Ryniak, was not in the dock because he had himself been murdered during another robbery in Oxfordshire earlier this year.
Sentencing, Judge Mark Lucraft QC said the victim had been a "troubled soul" in the last few years of his life.
He said the killers were caught thanks to "painstaking and diligent police work".
Earlier, Mr Papadopoulos's mother Androulla broke down in tears as a family impact statement was read out.
In it, she spoke of their grief at losing the man they called "secret Santa" for his kindness and generosity to all who knew him.
She wrote: "When we lost Milton we felt without him there was no life."

Summary: Three men have been jailed for killing a millionaire for his Rolex watch.
###
Article: The families have already been able to claim £70,000 from the fund which has raised £18m following the 22 May bomb.
Its trustees have decided the victims' relatives could be eligible to receive a further £180,000 from the fund.
The total payments mean more than half of the money raised will be paid out with no conditions attached.
Trustees must now decide how and when to distribute the rest of the money, including awards to those who were seriously injured in the attack.
"We will now spend some time looking at how we will distribute the rest of the funds. This will be a complex and sensitive process as we will need to assess the long-term impacts of the attack," said Councillor Sue Murphy, chair of the trustees.
She said: "The city and the world responded with such extreme kindness, generosity and solidarity in the aftermath of the Manchester Arena attack."
Ms Murphy added: "We have raised more than £18m and we were conscious that we had to get some of this swiftly to those with immediate needs.
"We have therefore given around a third of the total to the bereaved families and £3.5m to those who were hospitalised after the attack."
The decision follows an earlier announcement from Manchester City Council about a second charity, set up to pay for victims' memorials.
The authority said it would complement the existing We Love Manchester Emergency Fund.
An advisory group of civic and business leaders is being formed to advise the council on all memorial-related issues and will include consultations with the victims' families.
The council said this advisory group would be "crucial in determining the form and location of any permanent commemorations".
Its first meeting will be in early September.

Summary: Families of the 22 people killed in the Manchester Arena attack could benefit from a further £180,000 from the We Love Manchester Emergency Fund.
###
Article: A tractor laden with explosives was driven at a military police station, a statement said.
The attack happened early on Sunday near the town of Dogubayezit in Agri province, near the border with Iran.
Since 24 July, Turkey has carried out hundreds of air raids on PKK bases on both sides of the Iraq-Turkey border.
A Turkish state news agency, Anadolu, said the tractor was carrying two tons of explosives that were detonated by a suicide bomber.
Turkey's army said in a statement that "long-range guns" were also found. Four of the injured were in a serious condition.
The statement said the Karabulak Gendarmerie Station was hit at around 03:00 local time on Sunday (midnight GMT).
Images in the Turkish press showed a badly-damaged building with the roof destroyed.
One report said the blast was so strong that houses in a village several hundred metres away were hit by debris and some residents were slightly injured.
The Dogan news agency added that militants also set up ambushes on roads to prevent medical teams getting to the scene.
There has been no comment from the PKK so far.
AFP news agency said it would be the first time the group was accused of deploying a suicide bomber during recent clashes.
Turkey says the group was behind a number of attacks in the last two weeks:
Turkey's official news agency says about 260 Kurdish fighters have been killed in strikes in northern Iraq and Turkey since 24 July. It has also targeted positions held by the Islamic State group.
At least six people were killed and several wounded in further Turkish air strikes on Saturday east of Erbil, said local officials.
The pro-PKK Firat news agency described an attack on the village of Zerkel as a "massacre".
Iraqi Kurdish President Massoud Barzani said: "We condemn the bombing, which led to the martyrdom of the citizens of the Kurdish region, and we call on Turkey to not repeat the bombing of civilians."
The Turkish military on Sunday said it had investigated the incident and dismissed claims that there could have been civilian...

Summary:

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This year's Grand National winner Rule The World has been retired.

Article: Beijing and Shanghai traffic authorities this week started issuing verbal warnings and fines of 10 yuan ($1.50; Â£1.1).
Modified bicycles, scooters and segways have been growing in popularity in China as a way to beat traffic jams.
However, many do not have proper brakes or lights, and can exceed speed limits.
Electric scooters and segways are supposed to have a maximum speed of 20km/h, but the Beijing Consumers' Association found that most of them are able to exceed that.
China's third-largest city Guangzhou is also reportedly considering a ban on electric scooters.
There are no national safety standards for such vehicles, which do not fall in the category of either motor vehicles or non-motorised ones according to Chinese law.
Though the ban on stand-up electric scooters is now in place in Beijing and Shanghai, you can still see plenty of them on the streets.
There are only three possibilities: people are not yet aware of the new rule changes, some have decided to risk being busted or riders will simply pay the small fine if they get caught.
If you talk to the mostly young people who own and love these scooters, they say they're cheap, convenient and easy to recharge. They also say that the problem instead lies with the sea of cars clogging up China's major cities every day.
The government response is that this may be the case, but it doesn't make the scooters any safer.
People - using all manner of vehicles - can been seen doing crazy, dangerous things every day on China's roads, so when cool kids were seen standing up on their electric scooters and whizzing through traffic, nobody thought it was in the slightest bit strange.
Transport officials didn't see it this way.
To them, these scooters move way too quickly and brake way too slowly.

Summary: China's two biggest cities have banned the use of electric scooters and segways on public roads because of safety concerns.
###
Article: But this is not a practice session, even though the musician playing is an international performer.
The pianist is stretching his hand out over the keyboard demonstrating to a software designer that he is working with how many notes one hand can span.
"We have taught a computer to write musical scores," says Gustavo Diaz-Jerez, software consultant and pianist.
"Now we can produce modern classical music at the touch of a button."
The team working on the music project, known as Iamus - after the Greek mythological figure who could talk to birds - inputs only basic information.
"We've just told the computer some very general technical things," Mr Diaz-Jerez says.
"We have informed the computer that it is impossible for a pianist to play a 10 note chord with one hand. We only have five fingers on one hand."
Instructing the computer to write musical scores is a milestone in the linkage between technology and music.
An offshoot of artificial life research, the project uses evolution as its basis, according to Francisco Vico, professor of AI at the university.
"Some people don't believe it is possible," he says.
"Each composition has a musical core that becomes ever more complex and evolves automatically."
The software enables Iamus to write countless scores without needing any human help - that is until the music needs to be performed. It is all down to mapping information.
"It starts with very complex structures inside the computer," Mr Diaz-Jerez explains.
"It is very different from other computer-generated music. When people hear the phrase they imagine that you can hear the computer playing music.
"Iamus does something different, it projects the complexity we are growing in the computer into musical structures."
Iamus is fed with specific information setting out, for example, which instruments have to be composed for and the desired duration.
The activity is controlled by an algorithm inspired by biological processes.
Just as human genomes mutated over time to create a multitude of unique people, Iamus alters...

Summary: The sound of keyboard music floats over the modern buildings in Malaga's Technology Park, commonly known as Spain's Silicon Valley.
###
Article: Camelford, Dartmouth, Hayle, St Ives and Tiverton had the worst cuts with Callington, Ilfracombe and Tavistock, also seeing reductions, since 2010.
Between 2010 and 2014, the force lost Â£51 million from budgets and around 500 officers.
Devon and Cornwall Police said officers were deployed "according to need".
But, the counties' police federation said the cuts had had a "big impact on rural policing" through the need to maintain emergency response levels.
Data released to the BBC under the Freedom of Information Act detailed the number of officers based at every police station in Devon and Cornwall from 2010 - 2014.
The figures show the number of officers based in Dartmouth fell from 16 to three, in Hayle from 19 to five, in Tiverton from 50 to 24 and in Camelford from seven to three.
But police stations like Plymouth Crownhill, Newquay and Truro saw smaller falls, or even rises in staff numbers.
Graham Sleep, from Camelford, who was a victim of shoplifting, said he did not see officers "on the beat any more".
"You feel much more confident with more police around," he added.
Nigel Rabbitts, chairman of the police federation in Devon and Cornwall, said: "Many police officers have been moved from neighbourhood beats to maintain the 999 emergency service in the face of cuts, and that's had a big impact on rural policing".
Devon and Cornwall Police said: "We take our responsibilities in respect of rural policing very seriously and we continue to deploy officers to stations and locations according to need, in both rural and urban areas."
A Home Office spokesman stressed: "Police reform is working and crime has been falling."
The number of officers based in police stations between December 2010 and December 2014
In rural stations:
For bigger centres:

Summary: Numbers of police officers based in rural police stations in Devon and Cornwall have been reduced by half or more, figures obtained by the BBC show.
###
Article: Former mayor of Tower Hamlets Lutfur Rahman was forced to step down after an Election Court found him guilty of corrupt and illegal practices in 2015.
London's deputy mayor for policing has asked the HM Inspector of Constabulary (HMIC) to "carry out an inspection".
HMIC said it would respond to the request "in due course".
Steve O'Connell, chairman of the London Assembly's Police and Crime Committee recently accused the force of "major failings" in how it dealt with the case.
Mr Rahman, who became Tower Hamlets' first directly elected mayor in 2010 and was re-elected four years later, has faced no criminal prosecution.
In a letter to the watchdog, deputy mayor Sophie Linden said she was "keen to ensure that the investigations can command the trust and confidence of Londoners".
"The public need to have the highest level of confidence that any and all criminal prosecutions have been considered and pursued," she wrote.
Ms Linden's response comes after Mr O'Connell urged her to use her powers to call on HMIC to investigate the force.

Summary: The Met faces an investigation by the police watchdog over how it handled allegations of electoral fraud and malpractice in 2014.
###
Article: Prof Richard Tol predicts the downsides of warming will outweigh the advantages with a global warming of 1.1C - which has nearly been reached already.
Prof Tol is regarded by many campaigners as a climate "sceptic".
He has previously highlighted the positive effects of CO2 in fertilising crops and forests.
His work is widely cited by climate contrarians.
"Most people would argue that slight warming is probably beneficial for human welfare on net, if you measure it in dollars, but more pronounced warming is probably a net negative," Prof Tol told the BBC Radio 4 series Changing Climate.
Asked whether societies were at the point where the benefits start to be outweighed by consequences, he replied: "Yes. In academic circles, this is actually an uncontroversial finding."
But it is controversial for climate contrarians, who often cite Professor Tol's work to suggest that we shouldn't worry about warming.
Matt Ridley, the influential Conservative science writer, said he believed the world would probably benefit from a temperature rise of up to 2C.
"I think we probably will see 1.5 degrees of warming. The point is most people think 2C is when it turns catastrophic. That's not right. The literature is very clear; 2C is when we start to get harm. Up until then we get benefit," he said.
"We've got a greening in all ecosystems as a result of CO2. We've got about 11% more green vegetation on the planet than 30 years ago, much of which is down to the CO2 fertilisation effect."
On fertilisation Matt Ridley refers to unpublished work by Professor Ranga Myneni from Boston University.
But he told BBC News Lord Ridley had accurately quoted his research on the impacts of current CO2 levels, but was unduly complacent about future warming.
"I am worried about how this work is being interpreted, by Lord Ridley. In my opinion, [CO2 fertilisation] benefit of greening is not worth the price of all the negative changes," he said.
Richard Tol from Sussex University believes discussion over the impacts of a 2C temperature rise is...

Summary: Human societies will soon start to experience adverse effects from manmade climate change, a prominent economist has warned.
###
Article: The 33-1 shot, ridden by David Mullins and trained by Mouse Morris, triumphed at Aintree in April to become the first novice to win the race since 1958.
The nine-year-old, owned by the Gigginstown House Stud, has twice recovered from a cracked pelvis.
"We didn't want to send him back to Aintree with a big weight, that wouldn't be fair," said Gigginstown's racing manager Eddie O'Leary.
"He provided us with our first Grand National and we'll never forget him."
BBC horse racing correspondent Cornelius Lysaght:
"As the first Grand National winner for owner Michael O'Leary's burgeoning Gigginstown House Stud as well as the first novice chaser to win the race in nearly 60 years, Rule The World has his place in history.
"Though he ran highly respectably at Punchestown after Aintree, O'Leary had already hinted that, having defied serious injury to reach one of the great pinnacles, he had perhaps done his bit.
"What a season for Gigginstown, with success at Aintree, in the Irish National and Cheltenham Gold Cup, but at a price. Rule the World has been retired and there are doubts whether Gold Cup winner Don Cossack will race again."

Summary:


The Rail, Maritime and Transport union will recommend its members accept a pay and conditions deal for the Night Tube service, its executive has decided.

Article: In May, it was revealed that the EFL, formerly known as the Football League before a rebrand this summer, could expand to include a fifth tier by 2019-20, with 100 teams over five divisions.
It is planned that additional clubs would come from the National League.
EFL clubs met to discuss the proposals for the first time on Thursday.
The exclusion of extra 'non-English' clubs from the plans, which will be voted on by all clubs in June 2017, would appear to remove any prospect of Scottish giants Celtic and Rangers being involved in the EFL in the forseeable future.
"The logical place for many was to source the additional teams for League Three from the National League," EFL chief executive Shaun Harvey said.
"We will now continue our consultation with the National League with a little more certainty as to what any change could mean for them."
This season, the Checkatrade Trophy has included under-21 teams from Premier League and Championship clubs for the first time on a trial basis.
More to follow.
Take part in our new Premier League Predictor game, which allows you to create leagues with friends.
Subscribe to the BBC Sport newsletter to get our pick of news, features and video sent to your inbox.

Summary: Premier League B teams and 'non-English' clubs will not be included in plans to reform the structure of the English Football League.
###
Article: It happens every Wednesday when the House of Commons is sitting.
MPs get the chance to question the prime minister about stuff that's going on in their constituencies as well as national issues.
And it's famous for getting very noisy, with politicians literally shouting at each other across the room.
Six young voters from BBC Generation 2015 sat with Newsbeat to watch the final PMQs before the General Election. This is what they thought.
"I watch it occasionally - I kind of got into it during my gap year before university.
"I've always found it a bit populist. A lot of the politicians come in there with their pre-prepared gags and one-liners.
"I think when you look beyond the antics and all the jeering - sometimes the frankly amateurish behaviour from the professional MPs - when you look beyond that then it can actually be quite informative.
"Overall it's something we should definitely keep. It's a quirky thing, it's very British. In terms of being able to hold your prime minister accountable even if only for half an hour a week - I think it's something that a lot of countries actually envy."
"Today was my first time watching PMQs. It didn't appeal to me [before]. And even today when I tried to watch it, I can't really understand it.
"It made me feel like they were disrespecting the UK population... it's like a 'don't care' sort of attitude - let me just answer these questions, make them sound amazing, and have a snigger and a dig at people on my way.
"And I feel like that's really not passionate, especially because they're dealing with the future of the UK.
"It's a whole country full of millions of people and they think it's funny, that's so heartbreaking for me. I feel really disappointed in it."
Mel has watched PMQs "a few times" before.
"It infuriates me that it seems they're taking it so lightly when they're talking about really important issues.
"It makes me so angry. It's like they don't take it seriously and I know they do and that's what the most annoying thing is.
"But when people start taking...

Summary: Disrespectful, informative, like being in a zoo - all ways young voters used to describe Prime Minister's Questions, or PMQs as it is known.
###
Article: Nicola Sturgeon called on the government to guarantee funding which would allow offshore wind to be delivered on a far greater scale.
She said: "The UK government must now show greater ambition."
The Department of Energy and Climate Change said there was "huge potential" for future deployment in Scotland.
Only one Scottish offshore wind farm received a share of Â£260m set aside for projects from 2016-2018 and beyond.
Two major offshore wind farms were refused the 15-year Contracts For Difference (CFDs), which guarantee a price for the power generated.
The first minister said the decision had left uncertainty over their future development.
Ms Sturgeon was speaking ahead of a visit to Whitelee wind farm in East Renfrewshire - Scotland's largest onshore development.
She said: "Scotland has made huge progress in renewables deployment in Scotland, generating enough renewable energy to meet 44% of Scotland's annual electricity demand, generating millions of pounds of community benefit, and displacing an estimated 12 million tonnes of carbon dioxide across the UK.
"Scottish onshore wind is now considerably cheaper than new nuclear, thanks to sustained support and large-scale deployment of projects such as Scottish Power's Whitelee development.
"We are already seeing cost reductions in offshore wind but the scale of growth planned for the sector will be a key driver to delivering further cost reductions for the long-term benefit of consumers."
The first minister added: "It is essential that the UK government provide confidence to the offshore wind industry that sufficient money will be available in future allocation rounds to allow the sector to move forward with assurance and enable costs to be further reduced.
"Without this ambition Scotland risks missing the opportunity to cement the growth of an industry, with significant supply chain benefits, while decarbonising our energy supply."
WWF Scotland director Lang Banks said the first minister was right to highlight the need for "greater clarity and ambition in the...

Summary: UK government budgets for offshore wind power are unlikely to support Scotland's ambitions to develop the industry, the first minister has said.
###
Article: The largest universities get the bulk of the funds because that is where the best research is conducted. But that means that they continue to thrive while the rest are left in their wake. It also means that new high-tech industries tend to base themselves around the large universities which tend to be in the South East of England.
Research funding is distributed by scientific experts, who are independent of ministers. They do so on the basis of the quality of research and the strength and reputation of the research group. This tried and tested formula has seen the emergence of some of the world's highest ranking research universities.
It has also meant that the UK leads in many areas of science. With less than 1% of the world's population the UK produces 16% of top quality published research.
The new Science Minister, Jo Johnson, has signalled there may be a shift in research funding.
In his first major policy speech Mr Johnson has indicated that research funds could in future be distributed more widely across the UK. Currently nearly half of public science spending is concentrated in Oxford, Cambridge and London. He also indicated that there would be more emphasis on research to drive growth.
He chose to make his announcement in the north of England. Addressing an audience at the Rolls-Royce Factory of the Future, which is part of the University of Sheffield's Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, he described his new strategy as "one nation science".
"The fact is, 46% of public investment in research goes to the Golden Triangle (internationally renowned universities in London, Oxford and Cambridge). We must and we will continue to fund research on the basis of excellence and ensure we are competing with the very best in the world," he said.
"But we do have to ensure we recognise that other parts of the country that have proven research excellence in their universities, and ensure we fund excellence wherever it is found in order to realise the productivity gains that we have seen in the Golden Triangle. To...

Summary: Critics of the present system of science funding say it's rather like modern football where the richest clubs are the most successful, which makes them even richer enabling them to continue to be successful.
###
Article: Theresa May keeps saying that an independent Scotland would be out of the EU.
However much she might wish that to be otherwise, I have not heard Nicola Sturgeon dispute the prime minister's claim.
Indeed, her timescale for a second independence referendum seems to acknowledge that as a possibility at the very least.
The first minister wants the vote between autumn 2018 and spring 2019 - just before or just after Brexit negotiations end.
If Scotland voted for independence at that time, the UK as a whole might already be out of the EU or be just about to leave.
That would mean that SNP ministers need to change their policy on EU relations from what they proposed in 2014.
Then they promised "a smooth transition to independent EU membership".
They said this could be agreed in the 18 months between a "yes" vote and the date of independence.
And they said a traditional membership application under Article 49 of the Treaty of the European Union would not be required.
They proposed using the general provisions of Article 48 instead.
You may remember this special arrangement was rejected by - among others - Jose Manuel Barosso, the then President of the EU commission.
Anyway, how might the SNP approach be different in the context of Brexit?
I do not think Nicola Sturgeon will formally drop her policy of seeking full EU membership.
But I do think she might propose a step-by-step route to achieving that.
In other words, an independent Scotland could initially seek a Norway-style relationship with the EU.
That is, membership of the European Economic Area (the single market) through membership of the European Free Trade Association.
Nicola Sturgeon previously said she would accept Brexit and not call for an independence referendum if Scotland could achieve this status *within* the UK.
Membership of the EEA would require the approval of all EU member states.
It would be far less contentious than full EU membership for countries like Spain, keen to discourage their own nationalist movements.
EEA membership might also be...

Summary: Questions have been raised about the Scottish government's plans for EU membership if they were to win a second independence referendum - so what has their position been, and what is it now?
###
Article: The acceptance of the deal by unions will clear a big hurdle for the service which was due to begin last September.
The RMT's 10,000 members will start voting on 11 February.
The Night Tube service will take place on five lines - Jubilee, Victoria, Central, Northern and Piccadilly lines - on Fridays and Saturdays.
More on this story and other news from London
The proposed agreement includes a 2% pay rise in year one, RPI inflation or 1% (whichever is greater) in years two and three, and RPI plus 0.25% or 1% (whichever is greater) in year four, plus a £500 bonus for staff on lines where the night Tube will run.
But three other unions are still to decide on whether they accept the offer.
BBC London's transport correspondent Tom Edwards said the RMT executive's move was a "big step forward".
The train drivers' union Aslef and TSSA, which represents station staff, are yet to decide, although Aslef is said to be "looking like they will also accept".
But Unite, which represents engineering staff, has turned down the offer and wants further talks, Tom Edwards said.
The RMT union is still in talks with London Underground over a planned strike this weekend over the issue of job losses.

Summary:


The two accountants who muddled up the main award envelopes at Sunday's Oscars ceremony have been given bodyguards following reports they have received death threats on social media.

Article: Patrick O'Flynn, who is standing down as economics spokesman, claims the "centrist approach" advocated by him and others "is falling by the wayside".
The ex-journalist made the announcement as nominations are set to close in the contest to replace leader Paul Nuttall.
Mr Nuttall quit after UKIP failed to win any seats in the general election.
Mr O'Flynn also resigned as economics spokesman in 2015 after he described former UKIP leader Nigel Farage as "snarling, thin-skinned and aggressive" - remarks for which he later apologised.
Announcing his most recent departure, he said: "I have always argued for UKIP to be at the commonsense centre of politics, rather than defined as on the right-wing.
"It is clear to me that UKIP's activist base wishes to go in a more libertarian, shrink-the-state and Thatcherite direction.
"It is regrettable that the more centrist approach argued by the likes of me and Suzanne Evans is falling by the wayside."
Mr O'Flynn, who will continue to serve as an MEP, said he was proud of the role he played in bringing about Brexit.
His decision to step down comes a day before the 28 July deadline for leadership nominations.
UKIP MEP Bill Etheridge withdrew his leadership bid on Wednesday, with a call for "libertarian" candidates to unite against hard-liners using the party "as a vehicle for the views of the EDL and the BNP".
He also called on Mr Farage to make clear which leadership candidate had his support.
Figures who have declared their intention to run include: Scottish leader David Coburn, MEP Jane Collins, London Assembly members Peter Whittle and David Kurten, Sharia Watch director Ann Marie Waters, former UKIP councillor Ben Walker, former Kent police and crime commissioner candidate Henry Bolton and direct democracy activist John Rees-Evans, who came third in the last contest.
The full line-up in the race to succeed Mr Nuttall is not expected to be announced until several days after nominations close.
Candidates must be vetted by UKIP's National Executive Committee before securing a...

Summary: A leading member of UKIP has resigned from the party's front bench for the second time, saying he is worried about the direction the party is taking.
###
Article: Roy Devine told a council meeting on Tuesday that the airport will not break even until 2021/22.
It is currently running at a Â£2.145m loss per year, paid for by Derry City and Strabane District Council ratepayers.
While this subsidy has reduced by Â£1m since 2010, a further Â£1.3m is owed in charges on historic capital loans.
Mr Devine said that they were in discussions with other airlines to try to attract new routes to the airport, following a number of recent losses.
They have included routes from Derry to Birmingham and Alicante, while a proposed Derry-Dublin Citywings flight was scrapped last month following the Brexit vote.
Mr Devine told the meeting that an "over-supply" of airline routes flying to and from Belfast, an increase in business rates incurred by the airport and cash-strapped customers in the region were all pressing challenges.
"I do acknowledge things are challenging at the moment but we do believe there are better days ahead and we would ask council to stay with us," he added.
"I think the airport is vital to the infrastructure of the north west. I think the city would be poorer without having it."
Mr Devine added that extra costs outlined in a new five year business plan related to money needed to cover staff wages, and cover the recent loss of the Birmingham route.
However, Independent councillor Paul Gallagher said the airport now looked like "a vanity project for this area", the "burden" of which is being endured by ratepayers.
"As a business plan, I would say this concedes more than it gives. It concedes that we need to pay airlines to attract routes and that there is an inability to attract funding and attract and maintain new routes," Mr Gallagher said.
"CODA (City of Derry Airport) cannot keep coming back to this area and just looking for subvention, subvention, subvention."
Those comments were dismissed by SDLP councillor, John Boyle.
"We need connectivity; we have a very poor roads network here. For anyone to say we should give up and wave the white flag, to my mind would be...

Summary: City of Derry Airport will not generate a profit for the next five years, according to the company's chairman.
###
Article: The Korea Communications Commission (KCC) has removed it from the Google Play store and is advising existing users to find alternatives.
South Korea mandated in April that all children's phones must be monitored.
However, the regulator said the decision to suspend the app had been made prior to the release of a damning report about its security.
The KCC told news agency AP that the decision had been made because of the abundance of free apps now available.
Smart Sheriff had been downloaded hundreds of thousands of times inside the country and was created by a group of telecoms companies known as the Korean Mobile Internet Business Association (Moiba).
Two reports issued, one by the University of Toronto and the other by software auditing firm Cure53, described Smart Sheriff's security as "catastrophic".
The report authors found that children's personal details were not stored securely and that the parental filters applied were easy to disable.
"Smart Sheriff is the kind of babysitter that leaves the doors unlocked and throws a party where everyone is invited," said independent researcher Colin Anderson, who worked on the report, at the time.
Moiba said the vulnerabilities had already been fixed by the time the report was published.

Summary: Smart Sheriff, a popular app in South Korea for monitoring children's online activities has been pulled.
###
Article: Media playback is unsupported on your device
10 June 2014 Last updated at 07:08 BST
BBC Wales economics editor Sarah Dickins joined an economist at a funfair in Rhyl, one of Wales' most deprived communities.
Professor Karel Williams, of Manchester Business School, says devolution has been "something of a non-event" in economic terms with Welsh ministers relying on growth from a trickle down from a booming south east of England.
He believes rather than powers Wales has been lacking in imaginative policy ideas.
"Some risk is justified because the mainstream orthodoxy of the last 30 years isn't working, it's time for a bit of boldness and imagination," he said.

Summary: We're looking back at how successful devolution has been over the last 15 years.
###
Article: Downing Street said the bodies, chaired by ministers, would track progress in policy implementation and "make sure actions are followed through".
The move echoes the setting up of a Delivery Unit in No 10 by Tony Blair in 2001 to monitor delivery of priorities.
This was abolished when the coalition government took office in 2010.
David Cameron has said he has a mandate to deliver the Conservatives' manifesto in full following their election victory and will not "waste a minute" in getting started on a busy legislative programme, with 26 bills included in the government's first Queen's Speech announced last week.
Ministers are keen to exploit the political momentum which new governments traditionally enjoy at the start of a new Parliament, even though the Conservatives only have a working majority of 12 in the House of Commons and do not have a majority in the House of Lords.
Taskforces have also been set up to oversee progress in the following areas: troubled families, exports, digital infrastructure, health and social care, "earn or learn" and foreign fighters returning to the UK from Syria and Iraq.
The committees will be chaired by cabinet ministers or junior ministers, reporting to the prime minister and the cabinet "regularly".
Employment minister Priti Patel will chair the taskforce on childcare with other details to be set out in due course.
Although they will not publish reports, Downing Street said their aim was to "maintain momentum" and to "identify problems" in the delivery of Conservative manifesto commitments.
A No 10 spokesman said the prime minister believed it is was necessary to "identify specific areas where we continue to deliver things" that are government priorities.
He denied the extra mechanism was a "judgement on the civil service", which is responsible for the implementation of policy, instead insisting it was about "an extra way of making sure that delivery happens".
During its nine-year existence under Labour, the No 10 Delivery Unit was headed by civil servants and outside experts...

Summary: David Cameron has set up 10 new taskforces to oversee the delivery of policy in key areas, including housing, immigration, extremism and childcare.
###
Article: Accountancy firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) said security has been beefed up at the residences of Brian Cullinan and Martha Ruiz following the mistake.
Celebrity website TMZ.com said the pair were in fear of their lives.
On Wednesday it emerged they will not be employed to do the Oscars job again.
But TMZ.com reported that they will not lose their accountancy jobs.
PwC spokeswoman Carey Bodenheimer said that they had been given protection after their home addresses and photos of their families were published in the media.
This is why both PwC accountants have been banned
How did the Oscars mistake happen?
Nine epic awards fails
On Sunday La La Land was mistakenly named best picture instead of winner Moonlight.
The team behind La La Land were interrupted mid-acceptance speech before the real winner was revealed.
It has been described as the biggest mistake in 89 years of Academy Awards history.
Mr Cullinan mistakenly handed the wrong envelope to the two presenters, Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway.
They were given the back-up envelope for best actress in a leading role - rather than the envelope which contained the name of the winner for the best film.
PwC counts the votes and organises the envelopes. It has apologised for the mix-up.
Academy President Cheryl Boone Isaacs on Wednesday said that the relationship with PwC was now under review.
Mr Cullinan tweeted a picture of best actress winner Emma Stone minutes before handing the presenters the wrong envelope, and Ms Boone Isaacs blamed "distraction" for the error.

Summary:


A health board has brought in extra staff and cancelled some operations in an attempt to manage "significant pressures".

Article: The names and pictures of an estimated 150 million Facebook members were used in Sponsored Stories, but only those who responded to an email from the site earlier this year will be compensated.
Privacy organisations will also receive some of the $20m (£12.9m) settlement.
Facebook said it was "pleased" the settlement had been approved.
The payout was approved by a US court on Monday following a class action filed against Facebook in 2011 by five of its users.
The group said their details had been used to promote products and services through the site's Sponsored Stories programme, without paying them or giving them the choice to opt-out.
A Sponsored Story is a tailored advertisement that appears on members' Facebook pages, highlighting products a user's friends have endorsed or "liked" on the site.
US District Judge Richard Seeborg acknowledged that the $15 payments were relatively small, but said it had not been established that Facebook had "undisputedly violated the law".
He added that the claimants could not prove they were "harmed in any meaningful way".
The court estimated that Facebook had made about $73m (£47m) in profit from the Sponsored Stories featuring details of the 150 million members.
The settlement also requires Facebook to make changes to its "Statement of Rights" and to give users more information and control over how their details are used in the future.
This move was estimated by the plaintiff's lawyers to cost Facebook $145m in advertising revenue.
Approximately 7,000 Facebook users opted out of the settlement altogether, allowing them to bring their own legal action against the social network.
A Facebook spokesperson said: "We are pleased that the settlement has received final approval."

Summary: Approximately 614,000 Facebook users whose personal details appeared in ads on the site without their permission will each receive a $15 (£9.65) payout.
###
Article: The Civil Aviation Authority's (CAA) centre was opened after the 1972 Staines plane crash was partly blamed on a pilot's heart condition.
Dr Michael Joy, the first consultant at the centre, said the closure was not in the interest of aviation safety.
The CAA said other independently run centres were available to pilots, including in the Gatwick area.
Dr Joy said: "I think this is corporate vandalism.
"The pool of expertise built up over a generation is going to be dispersed and that cannot be in the interest of aviation safety, and it cannot be in the interest of the pilots."
A CAA spokesman said: "It was felt that the CAA should not be both a service provider and regulator of medical services.
"All requirements relating to pilot and air traffic controllers' medical examinations and fitness standards are set at a European-wide level and these will remain unchanged regardless of who provides medical services."
In 1972 a British European Airways Flight BE548 crashed in a field shortly after takeoff, killing all 118 people on board - at the time one of the UK's worst air disasters.
One of the underlying causes of the crash was the captain's health, a public inquiry found.
Capt Stanley Key had a heart condition which had lead to a "lack of concentration and impaired judgement", the official report said.
The crash led to the setting up of what is now known as the CAA's Aeromedical Centre.
Mervyn Granshaw, a former pilot from Surrey said; "The whole process of aero-medicine has evolved over the 30 years that it's been a centre of excellence."
The centre is due to close on 29 February.

Summary: The closure of a medical centre for commercial pilots at Gatwick Airport has been branded "corporate vandalism".
###
Article: The researcher said other details had also been taken that would let attackers pinpoint where the equipment was being used, making more targeted hacks possible.
Pen Test Partners' Ken Munro wants thousands of routers to be replaced.
But TalkTalk said it had not seen evidence to confirm the thefts.
"As is widely known, the Mirai worm is affecting many ISPs [internet service providers] around the world and it has affected a small number of TalkTalk customers," a spokeswoman said.
"We continue to take steps to review any potential impacts and have deployed a variety of solutions to ensure customers' routers remain safe.
"We have also employed additional network-level controls to further protect our customers."
The BBC revealed last week that TalkTalk's D-Link DSL-3780 routers had been struck by malware causing connectivity issues for those customers using the model.
The firm subsequently published advice online telling affected users to reset the equipment - which forced it to install an update to protect itself against the attack - and then "use the wireless network name and password on the back of the router" to get back online.
Security researcher Mr Munro obtained one of the affected routers to study the attack.
He said his "honeypot" router was hit by the variant of Mirai, which is now being referred to as TR-06FAIL.
But in addition to the connectivity issue, Mr Munro detected that a follow-up attack involving the same malware caused the device to disclose its wi-fi password and Service Set Identifier (SSID) code.
An SSID code can be used to reveal where a machine is located via online tools such as Wigle.
As a consequence, he said, even after subscribers had restarted their routers they could remain at risk if they continued using the same password as before.
"Most consumers never change the wi-fi keys written on the back of their router, so the fix didn't actually fix the problem," Mr Munro explained.
"Once an attacker has got the wi-fi key, if they go near to the house they can get nearly everything from...

Summary: TalkTalk customers' wi-fi passwords have been stolen following a malware attack that blocked their internet access last week, an expert has warned.
###
Article: Councillor Bob Badham resigned on Wednesday, soon after Helen Smith, Director of Children's Services, following the release of the report.
Ofsted inspectors found the department to be "inadequate" and failing vulnerable children in the area.
Councillor Simon Hackett has taken over from Mr Badham and said he was determined to improve the service.
"I see it as a challenge and something we can turn around. Like everyone else, a few days ago I read the report and frankly it was awful," he said.
During an inspection in February Ofsted found families of vulnerable children were insufficiently supported by the council and in some cases were at risk of "significant harm".
The local authority said it was aware of failings in the department and was taking action to improve performance.
It said 70 extra social workers had been taken on last year and it was improving relations between staff and the police.
The council said it had also started to work with a private sector partner, iMPOWER to improve services.
Mr Hackett said he was planning to spend time in each part of the department, looking at it from the perspective of a child or young person.
It is not the first time the council has been criticised by Ofsted over the service.
Sandwell Children's Services was judged to be "inadequate" in 2009, but following an inspection in January 2012 it was found to have improved and was rated "adequate".

Summary: A new head of children's services has been appointed at Sandwell Council following a damning report from Ofsted.
###
Article: The Scottish government's quarterly national accounts show that the amount received in tax receipts between January and March was £168m.
This was down from £742m oil revenues in the final three months of 2014.
Finance Minister John Swinney said oil was a bonus - not the basis of the economy.
The industry has suffered from the collapse of global oil prices, which have tumbled sharply since June last year.
The Scottish Conservatives said the figures for Scotland's geographical share of oil revenues, which they claimed were "buried" in a table in a report, showed "how wildly wrong" the SNP's pre-referendum calculations had been.
The Tories said the figures also further demonstrated the case against full fiscal autonomy for Scotland - an SNP policy.
In its oil and gas bulletin published in May 2014, the Scottish government estimated that oil revenues would be between £15.8bn and £38.7bn between 2014/15 and 2018/19.
It latest bulletin, published in June this year, said revenues could be as low as £2.4bn for 2016/17 to 2019/20, with it highest estimate at £10.8bn, based on a best-case scenario of the oil price returning to 100 US dollars per barrel.
Scottish Conservative finance spokesman Murdo Fraser said: "The plunge in oil revenues for the first three months of this year is incredible.
"Whichever way you look at it, and with the best will in the world, there is just no way an independent Scotland could survive on this.
"We knew the price of oil was volatile and that this would be a risk. But to see such a radical drop is alarming."
Deputy First Minister John Swinney said: "Our oil and gas bulletin, published in June, confirmed that Scotland remains, by some margin, the biggest oil producer in the entire European Union.
"Recent provisional figures from DECC suggest that May saw the most oil and gas produced in the North Sea since March 2012. If this trend is sustained production could increase this year for the first time in 15 years.
"Oil, however, is a bonus, not the basis of Scotland's economy. Even without...

Summary: North Sea oil revenues in the first three months of 2015 were down 75% on the previous quarter, the Scottish Conservatives have said.
###
Article: Hywel Dda director of operations Joe Teape said all hospitals were full following a busy bank holiday weekend.
He said there were a high number of patients who needed to be admitted which put pressure on impatient beds.
Mr Teape thanked staff for "working tirelessly" and asked people to "bear with them at this busy time."
In a statement the health board said additional medical staff were working to ensure "all patients had a senior medical review" both in A&E and on the wards.
Community teams are also at the hospitals to support patients on discharge.
The health board said it had to cancel some "non-urgent planned operations" on Tuesday and will review Wednesday's operations during the day.
"Every winter we deal with a number of seasonal pressures," Mr Teape said.
"To mitigate the demand on services, we have a winter plan to ensure that services continue to run as smoothly as possible while ensuring that patients' needs continue to be met 24 hours a day."
He added that local communities could help by making using of NHS services such as pharmacies rather than visiting A&E departments, where appropriate.

Summary:


Sterling see-sawed as investors reacted to growing uncertainty over the outcome of the UK's EU referendum.

Article: Leader Angela Merkel called it "a good day", while markets rallied in relief.
But the Constitutional Court imposed conditions including a cap on Germany's contribution, which it said could only be overruled by the German parliament.
Critics had argued that the ESM commits Germany to potentially unlimited funding of debt-ridden eurozone states.
Some 37,000 people had signed a petition to the court asking it to block the ESM, and make it subject to a referendum.
Since Germany is due to contribute 27% of the fund, it cannot proceed without German ratification.
But, after weeks of deliberation, the court's Chief Justice Andreas Vosskuhle said it "rejected the injunctions", since there was a "high probability" that the ESM did not violate the constitution.
By Stephen EvansBBC News, Berlin
You could see the relief clearly:  charts for stock prices jumped the moment the judgement was made public.
The positive sentiment was as much about what didn't happen as what did. If the panel of judges had blocked the ESM, there is little doubt that it would have halted the bailouts of eurozone countries in difficulty, and financial markets would have taken it badly.
The judgement, though, is qualified.  The most significant string attached is that any raising of Germany's contribution could only be done with the full consent of parliament.
In the current political climate, there would be much opposition to any more money from Berlin.  A recent poll showed that more than half of Germans wanted the judges to block the ESM, so there is no mood for digging deeper into pockets, should it be necessary.
However, he said ratification of the treaty could only be allowed under certain conditions.
He continued: "No rule of the treaty must be interpreted in a way which would result in higher payment obligations by Germany, without the consent of the German representative."
Correspondents said that meant that any future increase in the size of the 500bn-euro (Â£400bn) fund, or of Germany's contribution, could only be permitted with the...

Summary: Germany's top court has rejected calls to block the permanent eurozone rescue fund - the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) - and the European fiscal treaty.
###
Article: FRP Advisory were appointed as administrators after the European Development Company (EDC) ran into financial difficulties.
Two of the hotels for sale are in the Aberdeen area - a Holiday Inn Express on Chapel Street and a Holiday Inn in Westhill.
The third is a Holiday Inn Express in Picardy Place, Edinburgh.
FRP said they would trade as normal during the marketing process.
They added that there were no immediate plans for redundancies.
Nearly 120 of the 136 staff affected are based at the Aberdeen hotels.
In a statement, FRP Advisory said occupancy levels at the hotels had been high, but EDC had suffered "severe cash flow problems" as a result of the downturn in the oil and gas sector.
They also cited intense price competition from new build hotels in the Aberdeen market.
Joint administrator Iain Fraser said: "The administration presents a rare opportunity to acquire quality hotels with an established trade and reputation in their local markets.
"The hotels could appeal to an existing hotel operator looking to expand their business, or an entrepreneur keen to enter the hospitality market by acquiring quality properties in prime locations.
"I am pleased to say that we are in advanced discussions for the sale of the Edinburgh hotel, and would urge interested parties to contact us as soon as possible with respect to the Aberdeen properties."

Summary: Three Scottish Holiday Inn hotels have been put up for sale after the collapse of their Aberdeen-based owners.
###
Article: Greg Wallace, of Best Start Federation schools in Hackney, east London, was accused of awarding contracts worth more than Â£1m to C2 Technology, a company run by a friend.
He was banned for a minimum of two years by the Department for Education (DfE) in 2013.
The court ruled a "less intrusive measure" should have been implemented.
A panel of judges said there was a public interest in maintaining his "exceptional contribution to education".
Previously, former education secretary Michael Gove described Mr Wallace as one of a "magnificent seven" of head teachers running outstanding schools in deprived areas.
He was not initially banned, but the DfE overruled a recommendation from the National College for Teaching and Leadership (NCTL) that a ban should not be imposed because of his "inspirational example" as an educator.
Mr Wallace was accused of awarding contracts without seeking approval from school governors to a firm owned by a friend and partner, and attempting to cover up evidence by deleting emails.
He was also accused of receiving payments from the firm, including one of Â£4,000.
Mr Wallace went to the High Court in a statutory appeal against the DfE's insistence on a teaching ban.
He won his case in a ruling handed down in Birmingham by Mr Justice Holgate on Friday.

Summary: A "super head" has won a High Court appeal against a teaching ban following allegations of financial mismanagement.
###
Article: It was launched back in October 2012 as one of the key elements in the eurozone's defences against a deepening debt crisis.
But what exactly is the ESM and how does it work?
The European Stability Mechanism is a European Union agency that provides financial assistance, in the form of loans, to eurozone countries or as new capital to banks in difficulty.
It is a permanent agency, based in Luxembourg, and has replaced the temporary European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF).
The ESM has a maximum lending capacity of  €500bn ($550bn; £360bn).
It  borrows in the financial markets, by selling bonds, the same method that governments use for most of their borrowing needs.
The financial foundation of the ESM is capital provided by the eurozone governments. They have committed in principle to a total of €700bn, although they have actually paid in just €80bn. The additional capital can be called in if it is needed.
The capital is NOT the money used for providing assistance. It absorbs any losses if countries receiving help fail to repay it. It provides a reassurance to investors in the financial markets that they can lend to the ESM (by buying its bonds) and be confident of being repaid.  That confidence is vital for keeping the ESM's credit rating high and its borrowing costs low.
Germany provides 27% of the capital, France 20% and Italy 18%.
No. The UK does, however, indirectly contribute to eurozone bailouts where there is a contribution from the IMF. It also made a bilateral contribution in the case of the Republic of Ireland.  The UK is, also indirectly, potentially affected by any losses incurred by yet another bailout agency - called the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism (EFSM). It contributed to the bailouts of Ireland and Portugal.
The ESM can lend directly to governments. It can also buy their debts (bonds) either directly when they are first issued or in the financial markets.
In addition, the ESM can support banks directly. This support would be "recapitalisation", usually by providing funds in...

Summary: Greece is seeking financial support from the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), the eurozone's permanent bailout fund for struggling economies.
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Article: The living wage of £7.20 per hour was introduced in April, benefitting more than a million staff aged 25 and over.
Some business organisations have been lobbying the government to restrain future increases in the hourly rate.
But the Resolution Foundation said that women, the young and older workers were most likely to lose out if future rises are limited.
Conor D'Arcy, policy analyst at the foundation, said some businesses were unhappy about a higher minimum wage, but the wage policy was pegged to typical hourly pay and therefore reflects changing economic circumstances.
Abandoning increases "would also be costly for millions of low paid workers, so the prime minister should stick to her guns", he said.
After the Brexit vote in June the government was lobbied by 16 trade associations who called on ministers to be cautious about future increases in the national living wage.
Low-paid workers are due to get above-average pay rises over the next four years as the policy approaches its target of paying 60% of average hourly pay.
Based on independent economic forecasts published by the Treasury, the Resolution Foundation expects it to rise to about £8.70 in 2020.
That is lower than the £9 forecast in the March 2016 Budget because overall wage growth is expected to weaken.
The projected figure for 2020 is likely to fluctuate in coming years as wage forecasts are updated and the impact of implementing Brexit becomes clear, the foundation added.
The think-tank has previously estimated that by 2020 the national living wage should benefit more than six million workers.
Many are predicted to gain directly, while some will benefit from a "ripple effect" as the new policy pushes up wages more generally.
The Low Pay Commission will meet in October to decide its recommendation for next year's national living wage increase.
The Resolution Foundation says that if there were no further increases relative to average hourly pay, then by 2020 low paid workers would lose as much as £1,500 from their prospective annual pay.
In...

Summary: The government should ignore calls to limit future increases to the national living wage, a think-tank said.
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Article: The currency initially slipped against the dollar and euro, only to start recovering in mid-afternoon trading before falling again.
Meanwhile, the "volatility index" - a measure of investors' uncertainty - has hit levels last seen in the 2008 financial crisis.
The Leave campaign argued that the pound simply retreated to March levels.
The pound was down 0.2% against the dollar at $1.4226. Against the euro, sterling was down 0.6% at â‚¬1.2605 and weakened by 1% against the Japanese yen to just over 151.
Investors have been spooked by data showing the chances of a Remain vote have fallen, although markets have also been rattled by global economic worries.
With 10 days to go before the referendum vote, two polls at the weekend put the Leave camp ahead, while betting firm Betfair said the implied probability of a vote to Remain had now fallen to 68.5% from almost 80% a week earlier.
How trade and the UK's economy are affected by membership of the EU.
"We expect incoming polls to move the pound more aggressively than before," said Charalambos Pissouros, senior analyst at IronFX Global.
"If new polls continue to show a tight race between the two campaigns as we approach the voting day, the outcome is likely to become even more uncertain and hence, volatility in sterling is likely to heighten further."
BBC economics editor Kamal Ahmed said hedge funds had been placing bets - short-selling - on expectations that the value of sterling will sink further. "The bears are in town," he said.
Joe Rundle, head of trading at ETX Capital, said the markets were now on full Brexit alert. "Polls show it's now too close to call and markets are responding with some very twitchy activity. Sterling has shed more than 2% in two sessions to retrace its April lows."
Worries about the economic impact of leaving the EU were also blamed for a big fall in Asian stock markets. Japan's Nikkei index closed 3.5% down, while Hong Kong's main index slid 2.5%.
The reaction on London's FTSE 100 was muted initially, with the index down 0.3% in...

Summary:


The National Crime Agency (NCA), is to lead the investigation into the sale of Nama's NI property portfolio.

Article: The unexpected discovery indicates there are large volumes of the gas contained in a type of sludgy ice called methane hydrate.
There are concerns that these new seeps could be making a hitherto unnoticed contribution to global warming.
The scientists say there could be about 30,000 of these hidden methane vents worldwide.
Previous surveys along the Atlantic seaboard have shown only three seep areas beyond the edge of the US continental shelf.
The team behind the new findings studied what is termed the continental margin, the region of the ocean floor that stands between the coast and the deep ocean.
In an area between North Carolina and Massachusetts, they have now found at least 570 seeps at varying depths between 50m and 1,700m.
Their findings came as a bit of a surprise.
Source: US Department of Energy
"It is the first time we have seen this level of seepage outside the Arctic that is not associated with features like oil or gas reservoirs or active tectonic margins," said Prof Adam Skarke from Mississippi State University, who led the study.
The scientists have observed streams of bubbles but they have not yet sampled the gas within them.
However, they believe there is an abundance of circumstantial evidence pointing to methane.
Most of the seeping vents were located around 500m down, which is just the right temperature and pressure to create a sludgy confection of ice and gas called methane hydrate, or clathrate.
The scientists say that the warming of ocean temperatures might be causing these hydrates to send bubbles of gas drifting through the water column.
They do not appear to be reaching the surface.
"The methane is dissolving into the ocean at depths of hundreds of metres and being oxidised to CO2," said Prof Skarke.
"But it is important to say we simply don't have any evidence in this paper to suggest that any carbon coming from these seeps is entering the atmosphere."
This research, though, does highlight the scale of methane that is under the waters.
Estimates suggest that these undersea...

Summary: Researchers say they have found more than 500 bubbling methane vents on the seafloor off the US east coast.
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Article: The workers, who represent about 15% of the airline's cabin crew, were balloted about the plan to strike at Heathrow.
The vote comes after cabin crew rejected a 2% pay rise.
Strike action could begin after 21 December, but Unite has not confirmed whether the strike would affect travellers over Christmas.
BA said Unite was "creating uncertainty" for passengers.
Tensions have been running high over pay and conditions at the airline.
Some 79% of crew that took part in the ballot voted for action, Unite said, urging British Airways to return to the negotiating table.
The dispute concerns about 4,000 staff who have joined the airline since 2010 on "Mixed Fleet" contracts, who do not feel they are paid enough. About  2,500 of them are Unite members.
Earnings were advertised between £21,000 and £25,000 but, in reality, start at just over £12,000 plus £3 an hour flying pay, Unite said.
"Not surprisingly, the crew have rejected a 2% pay offer and on-board customer service managers are furious," the union said.
"They do not have collective bargaining rights. The managers have also endured a six-year pay freeze."
According to a recent Unite survey, half of Mixed Fleet staff have taken on second jobs to make ends meet, and more than two-thirds were going to work "unfit to fly" because they could not afford to be off sick.
It said 84% reported experiencing stress and depression since joining BA because of their financial circumstances.
Some even admitted sleeping in cars between flights, because they could not afford the petrol to get home.
Unite regional officer Matt Smith said: "Not only are the pay rates indefensible, but in aviation, low pay is a safety issue."
A BA spokesman said: "We are extremely disappointed that the union is creating uncertainty for our customers.
"Mixed Fleet Unite represents about 15% of our cabin crew. We remain focused on resolving this issue as quickly as possible without any disruption to customers."
The spokesman added: "We have proposed a fair and reasonable pay increase to Mixed Fleet...

Summary: About 2,000 British Airways cabin crew have voted overwhelmingly for strikes in a dispute over pay, the Unite union said.
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Article: The console, currently priced in the UK at Â£429, with a bundled game, will drop to Â£399 on Friday and will include major title Titanfall in the package.
So far, the drop will only apply to the UK.
The new cost brings the console in line with the price of Sony's PlayStation 4, which is outselling Microsoft's machine.
However, the PlayStation 4 can be bought without a game for Â£349.
"The reason we're doing this is that we're committed to giving gamers the best value that we can," said Harvey Eagle, Xbox's marketing director in the UK.
"We're only a few months into a generation of consoles that are going to last for many many years to come," he added.
"And now just feels like the right time to make the adjustment on the price."
Industry figures suggest that the PlayStation 4 is outselling the Xbox One by around two to one, with 5.3 million of Sony's machines being sold worldwide.
However, Microsoft is keen to point out that compared with their previous console, the Xbox 360, the newer model has enjoyed a "record-breaking" launch, and that sales of games have been strong.
The new, cheaper bundle will include a copy of Titanfall - a major title that Microsoft expects will significantly drive sales of the console.
Titanfall is not out until 14 March, and so people buying consoles at the cheaper price before that date will not be able to the play the game until it is released.
In an interview with the BBC, Mr Eagle defended the price change coming so soon after the console's release - and thanked those who had bought the machine early.
"We're hugely appreciative," he said.
"We would like to thank all of the people that have supported us since launch."
The Xbox One's higher launch price was attributed in part to the inclusion of its Kinect hardware - the motion tracker that allows gamers to play without a physical controller.
However, analysts argued that while an impressive piece of technology, the Kinect does not yet offer enough innovative uses to tempt people into the extra cost.
"You've got this Kinect device...

Summary: Microsoft is to drop the price of its new Xbox One console - just over three months after its release.
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Article: Welshman Williams' "great moment" with a spectacular counter-attack set up a length-of-field try for Sean O'Brien.
But the full-back spilled two high kicks, leading to a home try and penalty.
"I think if he was assessing it [performance] himself he'd say it was mixed," said Gatland.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"There were a couple of great moments and in that role you've got to be really accurate in the air.
"And we've lost a couple where it's come forward and and then one that's gone through the hands towards the end of the game.
"Look, we've just got to make sure that you're 100% accurate, that you're in control of the things that you're able to make sure that you're able to do.
"The disappointing thing for me - we've put them under a bit of pressure, kicked three points and then haven't taken the kick off and from that they've kicked three points straight away.
"And those are things we can make sure we're better at next week."
Before the game Gatland hoped his surprise inclusion Liam Williams would avoid a "brain explosion", referring to the player's sin-binning on his Lions debut against the Blues.
In attack, Williams responded by running out of defence to set up O'Brien's response to the All Blacks taking the early initiative.
"I love playing 15, and I love having the ball in hand and I love having a run," said Williams.
"There are times when you have to stick it long or go up to the air.
"It was on, and I had a go and at the end of that move we had scored in the left-hand corner.
"I looked up, I saw a bit of space and I just stuck my head down."
He added: "This was the biggest game of my life, and an absolute honour just to be out there on the pitch with the boys, but there are ups and downs.
"We switch off for a second, and we turn around and they are under the sticks.
"We will look back at the video, dust ourselves down and come back next week."
The Lions face Hurricanes on Tuesday, 27 June before going on to the second Test in Wellington on Saturday, 1 July - a game they must win...

Summary: British and Irish Lions coach Warren Gatland says Liam Williams would accept his performance in their first Test defeat by New Zealand was "mixed".
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Article: The beer will have its name changed to "America" from May to September.
Budweiser is hoping to capture the patriotic spirit of Americans focused on events like the US election, summer Olympics, and Copa America Centenario.
This is not the first time Brazilian-run, Belgium-based parent company, Anheuser-Busch InBev, has redesigned its labels to feature American icons.
Ab-Inbev has run pictures of the Statue of Liberty and the American flag on Budweiser's labels in previous summer promotions.
The Belgian-Brazilian company controls nearly 25% of the world's beer market.
North American is Ab-Inbev's most profitable market. In its 2015 financial report the company said it planned to invest in more marketing campaigns to boost sales of its brands including Budweiser.
"We are increasing our investments in sales and marketing programs that build on each brand's distinct image and consumer positioning," the company wrote in its report.
Beer sales typically spike between the end of May and the beginning of September and AB-InBev's hope is that the new labelling may allow Budweiser to attract even more American consumers.
The writing on the cans will look the same as the script used to write Budweiser. The can will get a full makeover with everything rewritten to have a patriotic US slant - even the words "trade mark registered" will be replaced with "Indivisible since 1776".
In a statement, Budweiser vice president Ricardo Marques said: "Budweiser has always strived to embody America in a bottle, and we're honoured to salute this great nation where our beer has been passionately brewed for the past 140 years."
The company has also launched targeted marketing campaigns in other regions. Budweiser bottles were redesigned for New Year in China and linked to football and music events in the UK.
US Budweiser was created in  St. Louis, Missouri in 1876.
Due to a trademark battle, Ab-Inbev has to market the beer as "Bud" in many countries in the European Union, excluding Ireland, the UK and Spain.
The Czech beer-maker...

Summary: Budweiser beer plans to rebrand its cans for the summer in a bid to capture the patriotism of US consumers.
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Article: It will also investigate claims about money contained in an Isle of Man bank account.
It is understood the PSNI asked the NCA to take the lead because of the complexity and scale of the investigation.
It is the NCA's first major investigation since it began operating in Northern Ireland in May.
Investigators from the agency are expected to meet the PSNI shortly.
In a statement on Thursday, the NCA, the UK equivalent of the FBI, confirmed it had agreed to investigate the sale of Northern Ireland assets owned by the Republic of Ireland's National Assets Management Agency (Nama).
NCA deputy director of operations Graham Gardner said: "The NCA has considered a request from [the] PSNI and has agreed to lead an investigation, calling on support as necessary from PSNI officers.
BBC News NI Home Affairs Correspondent Vincent Kearney
This takes the investigation to a new level.
The NCA has a level of expertise and resources not available to the PSNI.
They include a specialist economic crime unit and a financial intelligence unit.
Those units contain specialist investigators like forensic accountants and technical experts.
The NCA also has an international reach and works with other agencies throughout the world, including Interpol, whose members include the Republic of Ireland and the United States.
"We will not be providing a running commentary on our progress but will provide updates as and when appropriate."
Earlier, an Irish parliament (Dáil) committee was told a former Nama adviser was in line for a £5m payment after the sale of Nama's property loan portfolio in Northern Ireland.
US investment firm, Pimco, pulled out of the tender bidding process after discovering the fee arrangement to Nama's former adviser, Frank Cushnahan.
The revelation came during a hearing of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC).
It is examining Nama's sale of its 850-property NI portfolio last year.
The National Assets Management Agency (Nama) is the Republic of Ireland's "bad bank", set up to deal with toxic loans during the Irish banking...

Summary: