Upload English to Lugbara Translated Documents by Aiko (2025).txt

English to Lugbara Translated Documents by Aiko (2025).txt

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+English Document 1:
+Appendix C: Assent and Consent Forms
+TASO RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE
+INFORMED CONSENT FOR RESEARCHERS
+
+Title of the proposed study: Communal Violence Due to Land-Related Conflicts in Madi Okollo District. 
+
+Investigators:
+-
+
+Background and rationale for the study:
+The manuscript investigates land-related communal violence in the West Nile region of Uganda. It highlights a gap in the literature, noting the absence of focused studies examining these issues from an epidemiological standpoint. The study aims to identify the magnitude, factors, and strategies to address violence and injuries from land conflicts. The justification for this research lies in understanding the burden and risk factors of such violence. The expected outcomes will guide community initiatives and policy frameworks to alleviate the impacts of land-related conflicts, contributing to public health and legal reforms. The theoretical framework is based on ecological theory, emphasizing interactions between individuals and their environments in understanding violence and its consequences. 
+
+A description of sponsors of the research project and the organizational affiliation of the researchers:
+This research is undertaken with the support of the Institute of Global Health (HIGH) at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. The study is guided by Prof. Michael Lowery Wilson from the Institute of Global Health (HIGH) at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. 
+
+Purpose:
+The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, determinants, and perceptions of stakeholders concerning violence and injuries resulting from land-related conflicts. This investigation aspires to establish causal linkages among various factors that contribute to these conflicts and to shape public policy regarding issues associated with land disputes and communal violence. Furthermore, the findings of the study will be utilized to devise essential interventions aimed at addressing these challenges within the affected populations. 
+
+The estimated duration the research participant will take to in the research project: 
+Most questionnaires shall be administered for 1 hour. This time excludes the time spent to introduce the study and conclude the process.
+
+Procedures:
+The researcher shall collaborate with local entities within the Madi Communities, which are organized into clans throughout the District. Engagements with the coordinators and clan leaders will facilitate the selection of optimal times to interact with the communities and individuals involved in completing the questionnaires. 
+
+Who will participate in the study?
+Participants in the study will comprise adult heads of households, with a particular emphasis on both men and women. The research will also encompass technical and opinion leaders in the field, who will be selected through purposive sampling. Furthermore, a simple random sampling technique will be employed to identify respondents for Key Informant Interviews (KII) and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). 
+
+Risks/ Discomforts:
+Participants may encounter discomfort when engaging in discussions surrounding sensitive subjects related to communal violence and land disputes. Furthermore, reliance on verbal accounts may result in inaccuracies or misclassification of information, potentially undermining participants' trust in the research process. There exists a risk of exposure to security challenges or other hazards, which the research assistants are equipped to manage by maintaining contact details of designated individuals. While efforts will be made to cultivate a safe and respectful environment, the emotional and psychological ramifications of recounting personal experiences related to violence may pose risks for certain participants. There are no known risks to children, as none shall be involved in the study. The researchers will remain vigilant to safeguard against any inadvertent exposure or risks to children throughout the research process. However, emancipated minors below 18 years shall be required to give informed consent, especially those who are household heads, those who are in early child marriages owing to
+the rural nature of the study area. Their right to decline or withdraw despite the initial consent will be explained and upheld. 
+
+Benefits:
+The significance of this study lies in its ability to impact public policy related to land disputes and public health, tackling pivotal issues that affect a wide array of populations. By clarifying the burdens, determinants, and perceptions linked to communal violence in land conflicts, the study is well-positioned to provide critical insights for the development of effective interventions. Additionally, the results will be shared with stakeholders to solicit their perspectives, thereby ensuring that the outcomes are relevant and aligned with the community’s needs. This collaborative approach not only strengthens the legitimacy of the research but also encourages community
+involvement and inclusivity, particularly for underrepresented groups such as women and indigenous populations. Ultimately, the study aims to enrich the understanding of land-related conflicts and their implications, nurturing a more informed and just response to these complex challenges. 
+
+Confidentiality:
+Participants' identities will be anonymized and pseudonymized. Personal information and data collected will be securely stored in an electronic drive and cloud account specifically created for this purpose, with access restricted to unauthorized individuals. The electronic versions of the data will be retained for up to seven years before destruction, while hard copies will be stored safely for two years before being shredded to protect participants' privacy. Additionally, consent will be sought from participants before using any gadgets for data collection, further reinforcing the commitment to confidentiality. All information gathered in this research shall be confidential. Access shall be restricted to authorized entities the local Research Ethics Committee (REC) and Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST). 
+
+Alternatives:
+Participation in this exercise shall be entirely voluntary, and should a participant choose to withdraw during the study, there will be no repercussions. In addition to completing the questionnaires, selected participants within clusters are at liberty to engage in the instructional sessions without any constraints. 
+
+Cost:
+Participants are primarily considered within the context of compensation for their engagement in focus group discussions, key informant interviews and in-depth interviews. This underscores the study's acknowledgment of the financial ramifications associated with participant involvement, prompting the allocation of a budget designed to incentivize their participation through reimbursement for transportation costs and refreshments of up to Thirty Thousand Uganda Shillings (30,000/-). The researcher will furnish writing materials, including pens, pencils, and erasers, which will be retained by the respondents who complete questionnaires during each session of participation. Participants may be provided with a bottle of water for refreshment. To alleviate any financial burden on other participants, data enumerators will conduct door-to-door visits, thereby eliminating the need for participants to incur transportation expenses. These participants shall therefore not be entitled to any financial compensation for voluntarily taking part in the questionnaires. 
+
+Compensation for participation in the study:
+The Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST) guidelines emphasize time compensation and transport refund for research participants should be fair and not present undue influence on an individuals decision to participate. Compensation shall be fair and just, compensating for inconvenience and time spent and costs incurred such as travel, meals and study procedures. Participants shall be informed about the compensation procedures, the amount, schedule of payments or types of token during the informed consent process. 
+
+Reimbursement:
+There is a budget allocation for participant compensation, which is intended for all participants. 
+
+Questions about the study:
+For any verification and clarification on study, please contact -. 
+
+Questions about participants’ rights:
+For any concern and complaint and questions about their rights as research participants can have their queries addressed to the TASO REC Chairperson -
+
+Statement of voluntarism:
+This study is entirely voluntary. Participants may enroll at their discretion. They reserve the right to withdraw from the study at any time without incurring any penalties. 
+
+Dissemination of results:
+The researcher shall furnish key stakeholders with comprehensive feedback regarding the findings and advancements of the study during a dissemination meeting. 
+
+Ethical approval:
+This research has received endorsement from an accredited Research Ethics Committee based in Uganda (TASO RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE). 
+
+Consent:
+Statement of informed consent subsequent to the comprehension of the study, accompanied by a designated signature section. 
+
+STATEMENT OF CONSENT/ ASSENT
+........................................................................... has detailed for me the procedures that will be conducted, the inherent risks, the anticipated benefits, and my rights regarding this research. I recognize that my choice to participate in this study will not influence my routine medical treatment. In the application of this information, my identity will be kept private. I acknowledge that I retain the right to withdraw at any time. I understand that by signing this document, I do not forfeit any of my legal rights but simply signify that I have been informed about the research study in which I am voluntarily consenting to engage. A copy of this document will be provided to me. 
+Name ………………………Signature/thumb print of participant …………………Date ……
+Name …………��…………Signature of parent/guardian for minors (If applicable)…Date ……... 
+Name………………………Signature of witness (if applicable)……………Date……………. 
+Name ……………………….Signature of interviewer/Person obtaining informed consent ……………………Date ………………….
+
+Lugbara Translation 1:
+Apendikisi C: Kokobi Aziza azini Drilembo Ni
+
+TASO MA KOMITI AZITA AFA EFI ONDAZANI
+DRILEMBO IMBATAVUTIA 'BA AFA EFI ONDAPI NI
+
+Ru e'yo neza 'bani oturi ni: Adra O'bi Eselea Ngiringiri Nyakunisi Madi Okolo Disitrikiti-a
+
+'Ba Afa Efi Ondapi:
+-
+
+Nguku azini asisile e'yo neza ni:
+Waraga 'di ni adra o'bi eselea angu e'yosiri ma efi onda kala Yuganda ni Wesiti Nailu-a. Eri 'bule e'yo siza aleari i'da, icezu kini e'yo neza yo afa 'diyi amapi engazu pasoza azonezanirisi. E'yo neza le omgbo, e'dota azini geri adra nyibiliko be engazu ngiringiri nyakuni otupi isu. E'yo muke efi ondaza 'di dri la candi azini ewa driale adra 'dilerini vazu. Efuta 'bani te nga woko ece o'bi ma e'dota azini otita ni e'yo engapi ngiringiri nyakuniri dezu, afazi fe o'bi ma alata azini ayota ojaza ni. Efi egataru enga egata afa idri azini angu eyini aazu ma dria, olo tutuni e'yo nzeza o'bi eselea azini enyati eyini adra vazu azini e'yo eri ni iji.
+
+Ekuza 'ba afa efi ondaza atipi azini amuti 'ba afa efi ondapi ni eyi ecizu:
+Afa efi ondaza 'di mu drile atita Institute of Global Health (HIGH) ni feri si University of Heidelberg, Gerimani-a. Purofesa Michael Lowery Wilson engazu Institute of Global Health (HIGH) University of Heidelberg, Gerimani-a ece woko e'yo neza 'di ni.
+
+Asisile:
+E'yo neza le omgbo, e'dota azini 'ba e'yo ni olori ma egata adra azini nyibiliko engazu ngiringiri angunisiri ama. Afa efi ondaza 'di le afa ngiringiri fepiri isu azini ayota awata nyakuni azini adra enyatiari otu. Drinia, isuta e'yo nezani nga aa ayuzaru alo edezu e'yo ewaru nepi 'ba 'di ma eselea.
+
+Sawa igazaru agu ti ecipi afa efi ondaza alearini nga 'du purojekiti-a:
+Kokobi oziziani ma abari nga sawa 'du 1. Sawa 'di ku sawa e'yo neza ecezu azini dezu amve.
+
+Geri:
+Agu afa efi ondapi nga ti eci ongulumu enyati Madi-a ri pi be, i-okupi suru ru Disitrikiti alea woro. Nzeta 'ba e'yo ecipi azini suru drile be nga fe 'ba sawa capiri pe e'yo nzezu enyati azini 'ba kokobi oziziani depiri pi be.
+
+A'di ni ti eci e'yo neza alea?
+'Ba ti ecipi e'yo neza alea nga aa aku drile amba, agupi kani oku iritro. Afa efi ondaza nga drile ti apetani a'bu indi, 'bani nga pe asisilesi. Drinia, 'ba nga peta ewakoko ayu 'ba zita omvipi Key Informant Interviews (KII) azini Focus Group Discussions (FGD) ni isuzu.
+
+Ewa drilea/ Asisuza:
+'Ba ti ecipi eco nga asisuza isu desi eyi agbatara adra azini awata anguni ma alea. Drinia, o'duko tisiri ayuzu ndeni eco i-de onzo kani o'duko esele onzi alea, 'ba ti ecipi ni asi'bazu e'yo neza dria ku. Ewa drilea ageitema ni kani drileonzi azini ci, 'ba afa efi ondapi ma endru ni ico otu desi eyi 'ba opele omve. 'Ba katro pari asindrizaru azini inzitaru ede, omi-a e'yo 'bayi ni ali alenia 'bori egazu eco ewa iji drilea 'ba azi ti ecipi ni.
+Ewa drilea nizaru anzi ni yo, a'dusiku eyi nga woro aa e'yo neza alea yo. 'Ba afa efi ondapi nga aa milesi nezu ewa drilea olo anzi ku afa efi ondaza ni aciria. Te, anzi 'bani okpo fezuri desi cani eli 18 ku nga drilembo imbatavutia fe, tutuni aku drile yi, 'ba aje anzini drio alea, angu e'yo nezani ma wura zopi zozorisi. Eyi ma driwala gazu kani efuzu desi fe drilembo 'bo nga aa ecezaru azini atizaru.
+
+Orodri:
+E'yo neza 'di ma efi la eri ni ecozu ayota angu ma awata azini o'bi ma alata ojazurisi, e'yo drikulu o'bi ndundu bipi olozu. Ka candi, e'dota azini egata i-ecipi adra angu ma ngiringiri-a ece, e'yo neza ni pari muke alea neza 'bani ecozu ojata azingapi mukeri ma ideza fezu. 
+Drinia, efuta nga aa awazaru 'ba e'yo ni olori pie eyi ma egata isuzu, ani fezu efuta ni efi be azini o'bi nilerile icekoko. Geri ti ecima ni 'di fe okpo afa efi ndaza ni a'dule ku, te eri vini o'bi ni ava fe ti ecizu, tutuni 'ba ekuza isupi angiri ku ekile oku azini kalafe akua. Asiria, e'yo neza le vata ambo ngiringiri anguni azini eyi ma efi driari fe, okpo fezu dika omvita onduaru azini kililiru ni e'yo ewaru 'di alea. 
+
+Ziza:
+'Ba ti ecipi ma i'data nga aa zizaru. Eyi ma o'duko azini data tra'bori nga aa ta mbazaru angu komuputa alea idezaru asisile 'di ni, 'ba aiza koko ni eco isu ku. Data wura elekitronikiru nga awi eli aziri 'ba di eza ndo, te kopi kongolo nga aa eli iri desi 'ba nyo nyiri ku, 'ba ti ecipi ma ziza tezu. Drinia, 'ba nga drilembo nda engazu 'ba ti ecipi vu desi 'ba ayu afa data okuzu ku, e'dazu a'ba asi ziza dria. O'duko woro 'bani tra afa efi ondaza 'di ma aleari nga aa zizaru. Ongulumu ecopi isupiri nga aa Research Ethics Committee (REC) akuari azini Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST).
+
+E'yo Ndu:
+Ti ecita e'yo 'di ma alea nga aa agu ni aisi azini agu ti ecipi ka pe i-nzezu desi e'yo neza ni mu drile, panga yo. Kokobi oziziani ma deta vutia, 'ba pezaru ongulumu alea driwala be imbata isuzu. 
+
+Aje:
+'Ba ti ecipi eco ofeta isu ra desi eyi gurupu agbatarani, ozizia 'ba e'yo icepi funguaru azini ozizia ali alea. 'Di ece kini e'yo neza ai ofeta i-ecipi 'ba ma ti ecita be, ani fe 'ba ku sende kalasi ava fezu eyi ma ti ecita ni geri sende fezu vule acita aje si azini afa (nyaza kani mvuza) okpofepi pere Silingi Alifu Kali Na (30,000 /-). Agu afa efi ondapi nga afa sizani iji alenia kalamu, penusilu azini inipi, 'ba omvipi kokobi oziziani depi'bori nga awi eyi bes. 
+'Ba ti ecipi eco cupa iyi ni isu okpo o'di ni. Candi sendeni ciri atrizu 'ba ti ecipi azirini, 'ba data okupi nga andrita 'ye jotile-pere-jotile, ani 'ba ti ecipi ayu eyi ma sende ku. Ani 'ba ti ecipi 'di isu nga sende vule ku eyi ni kokobi oziziani omvizu omiza koko. 
+
+Ofeta ti ecita e'yo neza alearisi:
+Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST) ma ayota le sawa ayu'bori ofeza azini acita ma sende fezu vule 'ba ti ecipiri ni ma aa ndrizaru azini ma omi agu ni ti ecizu ku. Sende ogoza ni nga aa ndrizaru azini kililiru, asisuza ofezu azini sawa ayuza azini aje eyini isu ekile aci, nyaka azini geri e'yo nezani. 'Ba ti ecipi nga o'duko eri geri sende ofezuri dria, omgbo, sawa ofeta ni kani tokeni desi 'ba drilembo imbatavutiari fe.
+
+Ofeta vule:
+Sende azi kalasi ci 'ba ti ecipi ofezu vule, eyi ni woro.
+
+Zita e'yo neza dria:
+Ika eceta ciri le e'yo neza dria, kirikirisi mi omve -.
+
+Zita 'ba ti ecipi ma driwala dria:
+Zita ciri driwala dria 'ba ti ecipi e'yo neza alea rini, eco eyi fe TASO REC Agukomea ri vu: -
+
+Nzeta 'bani yi fezu ceni dria:
+E'yo neza 'di woro agu ni lesi. 'Ba ti ecipi ico fi eyi ni asirisi. Eyi driwala tro fuzu engazu e'yo neza 'di sawa cirisi, panga koko.
+
+Afa efi efupi 'bo ma ekuza:
+Agu afa efi ondapi nga 'ba e'yo ni olopi vu o'duko edri afa efi erini isu azini zoza e'yo nezani ma dria mitingi-a.
+
+Aiza azitaru:
+Afa efi ondaza 'di isu atita engazu Komiti Azita Afa Efi Ondazani Yuganda-a (TASO RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE).
+
+Drilembo:
+Nzeta drilembo imbatavutia rini e'yo neza ma vatasi, kalani-a pari dritiza niri.
+
+NZETA DRILEMBO/ AZIZA NI
+........................................................................... fe mani o'duko angiri geri 'bani mu afa 'yezurini, ewa ecopi efupi driale, orodri tezaru azini ma driwala afa efi ondaza 'di alea. Ma ama ma peta ti ecizu e'yo neza 'di alea eco nga geri 'bani mani aro alatani fezuri oja ku.
+O'duko 'di ma ayutasi, ma i'data nga aa zizaru. Ma ai ma driwala ci efuzu sawa cirisi. Ma va ma ka dri ti kokobi 'di dria, ma avi ma driwala ayotasi ku, te lu ecezu kini ma isu imbata e'yo afa efi ondaza mani ti ecizu alenia masiri dria ra. Kokobi 'di ma azi nga aa fezaru mani.
+Ru …………………… Dritiza/ dri ago agu ti ecipi ni …………… O'du ……
+Ru ………………… Dritiza tipika/ 'ba mva ta mbapiri (ka fi 'dia muke) ni ….... O'du ……
+Ru ……………… Dritiza agu nepimilesi ni (ka fi 'dia muke) …………... O'du ……
+Ru …………… Dritiza agu ozizia ozipi/ 'Ba drilembo imbatavutia isupi ni ……. Odu ……
+
+English Document 2:
+Appendix: The stakeholder perceptions on the causes and solutions to land conflict-related communal violence
+
+Indepth Interview Guide
+Interviewer:	
+Interview date:	
+GPS positioning:	
+Questionnaire number:	
+
+Introduction
+Tick off every step undertaken.
+
+Salutation
+
+My name is ______________. (create rapport using appropriate complements)
+
+I am here to seek your consent to participate in a study on Communal Violence
+Due to Land-Related Conflicts in Madi Okollo District, Uganda
+
+This study is expected to document stakeholder’s perspectives and views on causes and solutions to land-conflict-related communal violence.
+
+You were identified as a key participant of this study through a _________process.
+
+Your participation is voluntary with no financial compensation. If you agree, this
+interaction will take at most ______minutes.
+
+During this interview, I will use some gadgets such as camera, recorder, GPS and
+these are tools for evidence collection. I also seek your consent to use them. (you will kindly sign acceptance in this paper- the consent paper)
+
+Respondent background
+1. Can you briefly describe your role in this community?
+2. How long have been involved in land issues or conflict resolution?
+3. What experiences or responsibilities give you insight into land-related conflicts?
+
+Understanding the nature of Land Conflicts
+4. How would you describe the main types of land conflicts in this area?
+5. Who are the primary actors involved (families, clans, pastoralists, farmers, political actors, investors, government agencies?
+6. What forms does communal violence typically take? (threats, destruction of
+property, clashes, displacements, injuries, death, etc)
+7. How frequent or severe have these conflicts been in recent years?
+
+Historical and structural drivers
+8. What historical factors contribute to land tensions here (colonial boundaries,
+migration, displacement, customary norms, past conflicts, etc)?
+9. How do demographic pressures (population growth, youth unemployment, land
+scarcity) influence conflict here?
+10. Are there long-standing grievances or unresolved disputes that continue to fuel
+violence?
+
+Immediate and proximate risk factors
+11. What events or triggers usually escalate tensions into violence? (boundary
+disputes, land sales, evictions, grazing routes, political campaigns)
+12. How do environmental factors (drought, floods, resources scarcity etc) contribute to conflict?
+13. Are there specific groups that are more vulnerable to bring drawn into violence
+(youth, pastoralists, tenants, widows, migrants, children, pwds, etc)
+14. How do political actors or elites influence or manipulate land disputes?
+
+Governance, Institutions and power dynamics
+15. How effective are the local institutions (LCs, clan leaders, land boards, area land committees, Police, RDCs, etc) in preventing or resolving land conflicts?
+16. Are there gaps in the legal or administrative framework that worsen disputes?
+17. How do corruption, land grabbing, or elite capture affect communal violence?
+18. What role do courts and formal dispute-resolution mechanisms play -and what are their limitations?
+
+Social, cultural, and economic dimensions
+19. How do cultural norms around land ownership, inheritance or gender shape
+conflict?
+20. What economic pressures (poverty, commercial agriculture, land markets, tourism related conservation) intensify disputes?
+21. How do identity factors (ethnicity, clan affiliation, religion, etc) influence
+communal violence?
+22. Are there social networks that mobilize people towards violence?
+
+Conflict escalation pathways
+23. Can you describe a recent conflict and how it escalated into violence?
+24. What early warning signs were visible before the violence broke out?
+25. How do rumour, misinformation, or social media contribute to escalation?
+26. What role do you groups or vigilante groups play in conflict escalation?
+
+Impacts of land-conflict related violence
+27. What are the social, economic, and psychological impacts on communities?
+28. How does violence affect vulnerable groups (women, children, elderly, persons
+with disabilities, migrants)?
+29. What long-term consequences do these conflicts have on development, cohesion and governance?
+
+Existing conflict-management mechanisms
+30. What mechanisms currently exist to prevent or resolve land conflicts? (mediation, customary courts, LC structures, Police, district land tribunals, other mechanisms)
+31. How effective are these mechanism in practice?
+32. What challenges limit their effectiveness (capacity, legitimacy, bias, resources,
+etc)?
+
+Community-Driven solutions
+33. What strategies have communities used to reduce or prevent violence?
+34. Which local actors are trusted to mediate disputes?
+35. What role can men, women, youth, elders, and cultural institutions play in peace
+building?
+36. Are there examples of successful community-led interventions?
+
+Policy and institutional solutions
+37. What reforms or policy changes could reduce land-related communal violence?
+38. How can government institutions strengthen land administration and dispute
+resolution mechanisms?
+39. What role should security agencies play -and how can they avoid escalating
+tensions?
+40. How can coordination among government, customary authorities, and civil society be improved?
+
+Long-term peace-building and resilience
+41. What would sustainable peace look like in this community?
+42. What investments (education, livelihoods, land registration, infrastructure, etc)
+could reduce future conflict?
+43. How can early-warning and rapid-response systems be strengthened?
+44. What partnerships (NGOs, CSOs, government, private sector, donors etc.) are
+needed?
+
+Closing
+45. Is there anything important we haven’t discussed?
+46. What final recommendations would you give to policymakers or peace-building
+actors?
+
+Thank you for participating and giving the information you have.
+Explain the next steps.
+
+Lugbara Translation 2:
+Apendikisi: 'Ba e'yo ni bipi ma egata e'doza azini otuza adra enyatia angu ma ngiringirisiri dria
+
+Ozizia Ali Ma Geri E'daza
+Agu ozizia 'yepi:	
+Ozizia ma o'du:	
+GPS pari neza:	
+Kokobi oziziani ma kalafe:	
+
+Eceza
+Mi i'da kalamusi pamvu woro 'bani 'du 'bori.
+
+    Zita
+    Ma ru ______________. (Mi ayu ekuza kililiru ti ecita edezu)  
+    Ma 'dia mi drilembo ai ti ecizu mabe e'yo neza Adra Enyatia Angu ma Ngiringirisi Madi Okolo Disitrikiti, Yuganda-a ri dria.
+    E'yo neza 'di le 'ba e'yo ni bipi ma egata azini neta si vaa e'doza azini otuza adra enyatia angu ma ngiringirisi dria.
+    'Ba pe mi e'yo neza 'di ma alea geri 'di si: __________. 
+    Mi ti ecita ni ceniru ofeta koko. Ika ai ra, e'yo nzeza 'di ni nga tutuni dakika 'du ______. 
+    Ozizia 'di ma alea, ma nga afa azi edezaru ayu ekile kamera, rekoda azini GPS, afa 'bani ayu ada ecepi okuzu. Ma vini mi drilembo nda eyi ayuzu. (Mi nga kirikirisi dri ti karatasi 'di ma dria - karatasi drilembo ni)
+
+Agu omvipi ma i'data ngukua
+1. Mi eco e'yo nze were mi azi enyati 'di ma alea ra?
+2. Mi eci ti e'yo anguni kani ngiringiri otuza-a sawa ngopi?
+3. Afa i-'yepi mibe 'bo kani afa mini 'ye sawa 'disi neta fepi mini angu ma ngiringiri dria a'duni?
+
+Ngiringiri Anguni yi ma wura va
+4. Mi e'yo nze esele ambo ndeni ngiringiri anguni dria enyati 'di alea ngoni?
+5. 'Ba alenia okori a'di-i (aku, suru, 'ba acipi anyapa be, 'ba amvu 'yapi, 'ba dricezani, 'ba sende fepi azi ngazu, gamete ma ongulumu)?
+6. Wura enyati ma adra ni 'duri ngo-i? (ori feza tisi, afa izaza, aco, ofuza, nyibiliko, dra, azini be)
+7. Ngiringiri 'di 'ye-i paleko si kani omgbo ngopi si eli agapi o'di yi ma alea?
+
+E'yo andra ocepi azini jole
+8. Afa andra drio awata anguni ijipi 'dia a'duni (Mundu ma pari angu awazu,
+muzu angu ndunia, ofuza, azita a'bi ni, ngiringiri agapi'bo, azini be)?
+9. Afa o'bi eselea e'yo omipi ('ba kalafe ma zota, azi ako 'ba ode ni, angu were) ngiringiri fe 'dia ngoni?
+10. Onota aapi sawa izu kani awata 'bani deku fepi adra ni muzu drile ci?
+
+Afa coti kani ageia ewa drileari ijipi
+11. Afa fepi baka seza ni tu adra ru a'duni? (awata pari angu ni asizu dria, angu oziza, 'ba droza anguarisi, geri anyapa ni alizu, ekuza dricezani)
+12. Afa enyati ageia (yi ako, ozo angiri, afa ayuza ako, azini be) ngiringiri iji ngoni?
+13. Gurupu azi adra ni ese mbele ci ('ba ode, 'ba acipi anyapa be, 'ba jo ofepi, awizi, 'ba mupi suru ndunia, anzi, ombere, azini be)?
+14. 'Ba driceza alea kani 'ba onita be angiri awata anguni iji ngoni?
+
+Gamete, amuti azini geri okponi
+15. Amuti akua (LC, suru drile, angu ma amuti, komiti anguni, Polisi, RDC, azini be) ngiringiri anguni atri kani otu muke ngopi?
+16. 'Bule ayota kani driceza ma esele aleari ecopi awata ezupi ci?
+17. Anyambolo, angu paza kani 'ba onita be angiri adra enyatia iji ngoni?
+18. Azi duani azini geri ayotasi awata otuzu yi ni nga, azini eyi ma asiza a'duni?
+
+Kala o'bini, suruni azini robiani
+19. E'yo suruni angu ei dria, a'bi angu awaza kani agupi azini oku ma e'yo ngiringiri ede ngoni?
+20. Omiza robiani (alio, amvu 'yaza sende esuzu, cuu anguni, afa nyakuari tambaza angunezani) awata ma omgbo ezupi a'duni?
+21. E'yo i'data ni (ti, suru, dini, azini be) adra o'bi eselea fe ngoni?
+22. Soso netiwaka 'ba okupi adra alea ci?
+
+Geri ngiringiri omgbo ezuzani
+23. Mi olu ngiringiri agapi o'di azini tu adra ru ngoni?
+24. Afa onzi i'dapi drio andra inapi desi adra fu ku a'duni?
+25. Songi songi, o'duko onzoru kani soso media omgbo ezuza fe ngoni?
+26. Azi 'ba ode kani 'ba ayota 'dupi eyi ma dria ni nga ngiringiri omgbo ezuzu-a ri a'duni?
+
+E'yo efupi adra angu ma ngiringiri si
+27. Afa o'bini, robiani kani omini o'bi yini esu a'duni?
+28. Adra ni gurupu e'yo esupi (oku, anzi, deza, ombere, 'ba engapi suru ndunia) olo ngoni?
+29. Ngiringiri 'di ni a'du iji zota, ti ecima azini driceza alea sawa ezu vutia?
+
+Geri ngiringiri ocezu sawa 'disi
+30. Geri sawa 'disi ngiringiri anguni atrizu kani otuzu a'duni? (awata deza, e'yo liza a'bini, LC esele, Polisi, disitrikiti ma e'yo liza anguni, geri azini)
+31. Geri 'di azi nga kililiru 'yeta alea ngoni?
+32. Afa fepi eyini azi nga kililiru ku a'duni (omgbo, muke, yamandu, afa ayuza, azini be)?
+
+Otuza O'bi ni ayu
+33. Akiri o'bi ni ayu adra omvizu kani atrizu a'duni?
+34. 'Ba akua o'bi ni asi 'bazu drinia awata otuzu a'di-i?
+35. Azi agupi, oku, 'ba ode, mbaza kani suru ma amuti yi ni eco nga asindriza sizu a'duni?
+36. Eceta azi otuta o'bi ni oce kililiru ni ci?
+
+Ayota azini amuti ma otuta
+37. Ojaza kani ayota ojata ecopi adra o'bi eselea angusi ri omvipi a'duni?
+38. Amuti gameteni eco angu oceza azini awata otuza ma geri ni okpo fe ngoni?
+39. Azi amuti ageitema ni eco nga a'duni azini eco arionzi tupi ona ngoni?
+40. Ti ecima gamete ma eselea drile a'bini azini ongulumu o'bini be ni zo ngoni?
+
+Asindriza siza azini asiteza sawa izu
+41. Asindriza awipirari ni ina a'du le enyati 'di alea?
+42. Afa 'yeza (onita, afa idri ta mbazu, angu siza, afa sizaru, azini be) ecopi ngiringiri drialeri omvipi a'duni?
+43. Otita onzi amapi drio azini omvita fepi mbele okpo esu ngoni?
+44. Amuti ti ecitani (NGO yi, CSO yi, gamete, esele azi ngapi ceni, 'ba afa awapi, azini be) 'bani le icekoko a'duni?
+
+Opiria
+45. Afa azi efi be angiri amani e'yo nze drinia ku ni ci?
+46. E'yo ekuza asizaru mini eco fe 'ba ayota edepi kani asindriza sipi niri a'duni?
+
+Awa'difo mini ti ecizu azini o'duko mini fe 'bo fezurisi.
+Mi ece pamvu drile.
+
+English Document 3:
+Appendix: The stakeholder perceptions on the causes and solutions to land conflict-related communal violence
+
+Key Informant Guide
+Interviewer:	
+Interview date:	
+GPS positioning:	
+Questionnaire number:	
+
+Introduction
+Tick off every step undertaken.
+
+Salutation
+
+My name is ______________. (create rapport using appropriate complements)
+
+I am here to seek your consent to participate in a study on Communal Violence
+Due to Land-Related Conflicts in Madi Okollo District, Uganda
+
+This study is expected to document stakeholder’s perspectives and views on the
+risk factors, solutions, and effectiveness of the policy and legal framework reduce
+land-conflict-related communal violence .
+
+You were identified as a key participant of this study through a _________process.
+
+Your participation is voluntary with no financial compensation. If you agree, this
+interaction will take at most ______minutes.
+
+During this interview, I will use some gadgets such as camera, recorder, GPS and
+these are tools for evidence collection. I also seek your consent to use them. (you will kindly sign acceptance in this paper- the consent paper)
+
+Background Information:
+1. Can you briefly describe your current role and responsibilities?
+2. How long have you been involved in land conflict related communal
+violence cases?
+3. What perspective and expertise do you bring to the study?
+
+Context and Situation analysis
+4. How would you describe the current situation regarding land conflict related
+communal violence in this community/sector?
+5. What major trends or changes have you observed in recent years regarding
+this subject?
+6. Who are the key actors or institutions influencing issues in this sector?
+
+Challenges and barriers
+7. What contextual factors shape/or influence land conflict related communal
+violence in the society
+A. Political
+B. Economic
+C. Social
+D. Technological
+E. Legal
+F. Environmental
+8. What are the main challenges affecting the sector of land generally leading
+to communal violence?
+9. What factors contribute to these challenges (policy gaps, resource, capacity,
+cultural norms, institutional weaknesses)
+
+Opportunities and enablers
+10. What opportunities exist to reduce land conflict related communal
+violence in the communities?
+11. Which interventions, reforms, or strategies have worked in the past to
+address these situations?
+12. What enabling factors (leadership, partnerships, policies, community
+dynamics) have supported the interventions?
+
+Stakeholder mapping and dynamics
+13. Who are the most influential stakeholders in addressing the land conflict
+related communal violence incidents?
+14. How do different actors (government, NGOs, private sector, communities,
+donors) relate when dealing with land conflict related communal violence?
+15. Where do you see gaps in coordination, collaboration, or accountability in
+land conflict related communal violence?
+
+Policy, legal, and institutional frameworks
+16. How effective are the current policies, laws, or frameworks governing the
+land conflict related communal violence?
+17. What institutional strengths or weaknesses exist in responding to land conflict
+related communal violence?
+18. What reforms or policy changes would you propose can make the biggest
+difference?
+19. Are there implementation gaps between policy and practice that you have
+noticed?
+20. How would you propose these gaps between policy and practice can be
+fixed?
+
+Programmatic or Sector-Specific Insights
+21. What interventions or programs are currently in place to address land conflict
+related communal violence?
+22. How effective are these interventions or programs in responding to the
+issues?
+23. What lessons have been learned from past or ongoing initiatives?
+
+Future outlook
+24. What do you see as the most pressing priorities for the next 3-10 years that
+would effectively respond to the land conflict related communal violence?
+25. What risks or emerging issues should be anticipated in the process?
+26. How can organizations like ____________ contribute meaningfully to the
+issues being addressed?
+
+Closing
+27. Is there anything important we haven’t discussed that you would want to
+comment on?
+
+Thank you for the information provided.
+Explain the next steps (data analysis, validation, follow-ups etc).
+
+Lugbara Translation 3:
+Apendikisi: 'Ba e'yo ni bipi ma egata e'doza azini otuza adra enyatia angu ma ngiringirisiri dria
+
+'Ba Funguaru O'dukofepi Ma Geri E'daza
+Agu ozizia 'yepi:	
+Ozizia ma o'du:	
+GPS pari neza:	
+Kokobi oziziani ma kalafe:	
+
+Eceza
+Mi i'da kalamusi pamvu woro 'bani 'du 'bori.
+
+    Zita
+    Ma ru ______________. (Mi ayu ekuza kililiru ti ecita edezu)  
+    Ma 'dia mi drilembo ai ti ecizu mabe e'yo neza Adra Enyatia Angu ma Ngiringirisi Madi Okolo Disitrikiti, Yuganda-a ri dria.
+    E'yo neza 'di le 'ba e'yo ni bipi ma egata azini neta si vaa ewa drileari ijipi, otuza azini azingaza muke ayota azini azita esele aleari ni adra angu ma ngiringirisiri omvizu dria.
+    'Ba pe mi e'yo neza 'di ma alea geri 'di si: __________. 
+    Mi ti ecita ni ceniru ofeta koko. Ika ai ra, e'yo nzeza 'di ni nga tutuni dakika 'du ______. 
+    Ozizia 'di ma alea, ma nga afa azi edezaru ayu ekile kamera, rekoda azini GPS, afa 'bani ayu ada ecepi okuzu. Ma vini mi drilembo nda eyi ayuzu. (Mi nga kirikirisi dri ti karatasi 'di ma dria - karatasi drilembo ni)
+
+O'duko Ngukua:
+1. Mi eco mi azi sawa 'disi azini 'yeta mi driari ece werearu ra?
+2. Mi aa e'yo adra o'bi eselea angu ma ngiringirisiri-a sawa ngopi?
+3. Oneta azini niza mini iji e'yo neza alea a'duni?
+
+E'yo vutinia kani drilenia azini e'yo amaza
+4. Mi e'yo adra o'bi eselea angu ma ngiringirisi sawa 'disiri ece ngoni enyati/ esele 'di alea?
+5. Acita 'bani vuti bi kani ojata 'wara mini ne eli agapi o'di yi ma alea e'yo 'di dria a'duni?
+6. 'Ba funguaru kani amuti e'yo fepi esele 'di alea a'di-i?
+
+E'yo ewaru azini atripi
+7. E'yo vutinia kani drilenia adra o'bi eselea angu ma ngiringirisi edepi/ kani fepi 'ba pini a'duni
+A. Dricezani
+B. Robiani
+C. O'bini
+D. Afa edezaruni
+E. Ayotani
+F. Angu ageiarini
+8. Ewa ambo esele nyakuni esu adra fepi o'bi eselea a'duni?
+9. E'yo ewa 'di fepi a'duni ('bule ayota alea, afa ayuza, ecota, ayota a'bini, amuti ma okpo ako)
+
+Drileba azini fepi yi
+10. Drileba adra efupi angu ma ngiringiria omvipi a'duni?
+11. Etota, ojaza kani akiri andra azi ngapi kililiru e'yo 'di otuzu a'duni?
+12. E'yo fepi (driceza, ti eciza, ayota, geri e'yo 'yezu enyatia) atita ijipi etota ni a'duni?
+
+'Ba e'yo ni bipi ma i'da edeza azini geri e'yo 'yezu
+13. A'di 'ba e'yo ni bipiri ma eselea woro eco fi e'yo otuza adra angu ma ngiringirisiri-a ndeni?
+14. 'Ba ndundu (gamete, NGO yi, esele ceni, enyati, 'ba afa fepi) ti eci ngoni e'yo adra o'bi eselea angu ma ngiringirisiri-a?
+15. Mi 'bule ne ngoa e'yo eciza, ti ecita kani pamvu omviza adra o'bi eselea angu ma ngiringirisiri-a?
+
+Ayota, azita ni airi azini amuti ma esele aleari
+16. Ayota, azita kani esele aleari adra o'bi eselea angu ma ngiringirisi ocepi sawa 'disi azi nga kililiru ngopi?
+17. Amuti ma okpo kani okpo ako omvita fepi adra o'bi eselea angu ma ngiringirisi ri ni a'duni?
+18. Otuza kani ayota ojaza mini eco olu eco ojata ambo ndeni iji a'duni?
+19. 'Bule 'yetani mini ne ayota azini 'yeta ma eselea ci?
+20. Mi eco olu 'bule ayota azini 'yeta eselea 'diyi i-otu ngoni?
+
+Otitaru kani Neza Esele 'yekesi
+21. Etota kani otita sawa 'disi adra o'bi eselea angu ma ngiringirisi ocepi a'duni?
+22. Etota kani otita 'di azi nga kililiru e'yo omvizu ngoni?
+23. Onita engazu e'dota agapi'bo kani mupi drile a'duni?
+
+Neza amve drialeri
+24. Afa mini ne omizaru ndeni eli 3 pere 10 drialeri ecopi omvita kililiru fepi adra angu ma ngiringirisi ri ni a'duni?
+25. Ewa drialeri kani e'yo efupi 'bani eco te aciza-a a'duni?
+26. Amuti ekile ____________ eco azakoma fe e'yo 'bani nze ri ni ngoni?
+
+Opiria
+27. Afa azi efi be angiri amani nze ku mini le ti ape drinia ni ci?
+
+Awa'difo mini o'duko fe'bori si!
+Mi ece pamvu drile (data amviza, aiza, vutini andriza, azini be).
+
+English Document 4:
+Appendix B:	 
+Land-Conflict-Related Community Violence: Burden, Determinants Questionnaire 
+Interviewer: 	
+Interview date:  	
+GPS positioning:	
+Questionnaire number:	
+
+Tick off every step undertaken. 
+    Salutation
+    My name is ______________. (Create rapport using appropriate compliments)  
+    I am here to seek your consent to participate in a study on land-conflict-related communal violence in Madi Okollo District in Northwestern Uganda. 
+    This study is expected to present a better understanding of the magnitude of communal violence from land-related conflicts in Madi Okollo District.
+    You were identified as a key participant in this study through a __________process. 
+    Your participation is voluntary with no financial compensation. If you agree, this interaction will take at most ______minutes. 
+    During this interview, I will use some gadgets such as a camera, a recorder, and a GPS, which are tools for evidence collection. I also seek your consent to use them. (You will kindly sign acceptance on this paper- the consent paper)
+
+SECTION 1: Social Demographic Characteristics of Respondents.
+Respondents details:	
+Interviewee:
+Head of household  1 = Yes  2 = No 
+District:
+Village:                 
+S/County:                 
+Parish:
+(1) Name  (2) Relationship to household head  (3) Sex  (4) Age  (5) Education Level  (6) Religion
+Relationship to Head of household
+1 = Head of household
+2 = Spouse
+3 = Son/Daughter
+4 = Stepchild
+5 = Grandchild 
+6 = Other (Specify)
+Sex  1 = Male  2 = Female 
+Highest Education Level attained  1 = Not been to school  2 = Primary Education  3 = O level  4 = A-level  5 = Tertiary Institution  
+6 = University Education	
+Religion  1 = Catholic  2 = Protestant  3 = Moslem  4 = Pentecostal  5 = Others (Specify)
+
+⦁	What is the type of location?  1 = Rural  2 = Urban  3 = Peri-urban
+⦁	What type of dwelling does  your household occupy? 
+⦁	Does your household own durable goods? 1 = Radio  2 = Bicycle  3 = Phone  4 = Livestock
+⦁	Does your household have access to safe drinking water? 1 = Yes  2 = No
+⦁	What is your main source of cooking fuel? 1 = Firewood  2 = Charcoal  3 = Crop residue  4 = Kerosene  5 = liquefied petroleum gas  6 = biogas  7 = Electricity
+⦁	Which are your most important sources of earnings during the last 12 months? 
+1 = Subsistence farming  2 = Commercial farming  3 = Wage employment  4 = Non-agricultural enterprises  5 = Property income  6 = Transfers (pension, allowances, social security benefits, remittances)  7 = Organizational support (e.g., food aid, WFP, NGOs, etc.)  8 = Rearing animals  9 = Fishing  10 = Other (specify) __________________
+⦁	Do you carry subsistence farming or commercial farming on your land? 1 = YES  2 = NO
+⦁	How did you acquire the land you are farming on? 1 = Inheritance  2 = Purchase  3 = Gift  4 = License  5 = Hiring 	
+⦁	Do you own the land alone or jointly with others? 1 = Alone  2 = With others
+⦁	How many land parcels does this household own or use? 1 = 1-3	2 = 4-6 		3 = 7-9 percels
+⦁	What tenure do you hold land in? 1 = Customary  2 = Freehold  3 = Leasehold
+⦁	How big is the land you occupy or use? 1 = Less than an acre	2 = 1-5 acres	3 = 6-10 acres		4 = over 10 acres
+⦁	For how long have you owned, used, or occupied the land?  1 = 1-5 years 	2 = 6-10 years 	3 = over 10 years 
+⦁	Does the land have proper boundary marks?  1 = YES  2 = NO
+⦁	How do you mark the boundary of your land? 1 = Trees  2 = Anthill  3 = Road or path  4 = Hill or mountain  5 = River or swamp  6 = Live or other fencing  7 = Others
+⦁	Under what tenure system is your land? 1 = Customary  2 = Freehold  3 = Leasehold 
+⦁	Do you have documentary proof of ownership of your land? 1 = YES  2 = NO
+⦁	If yes, what documents do you have to prove your ownership? 1 = Certificate of Customary Ownership  2 = Certificate of Title  3 = Agreement  4 = Lease agreement  5 = Others
+⦁	Do you occupy or use land without formal documentation? 1 = Yes  2 = No
+⦁	What activities do you do on the land? 1 = Farming  2 = Seasonal grazing  3 = Access to water  4 = Pasture  5 = Burial grounds  6 = Firewood gathering  7 = Spiritual and cultural rites  8 = Right of way  9 = Others
+⦁	Are other community members allowed to use the land? 1 = YES  2 = NO
+⦁	Must they obtain permission to use the land? 1 = YES  2 = NO
+⦁	If your answer is YES, who is authorized to give the permission? …………………………………..
+⦁	Is the permission given in writing? 1 = YES  2 = NO
+⦁	Are members of other clans or neighbouring communities allowed to use the land? 1 = YES  2 = NO
+⦁	If yes, what activities are they allowed to carry on the land? 1 = Farming  2 = Seasonal grazing  3 = Access to water  4 = Pasture  5 = Burial grounds  6 = Firewood gathering  7 = Spiritual and cultural cites  8 = Right of way  9 = Others
+⦁	Have you had any conflict or dispute over your land? 1 = YES  2 = NO
+⦁	Who did the dispute involve? 1 = Neighbors 2 = Community members  3 = Neighbouring Community/ Clan  4 = Others (specify) ……………………………………….
+⦁	For how long has the conflict or dispute over your land been? 1 = 1-5 years	2 = 6-10 years		3 = 0ver 10 years
+⦁	What was the conflict or dispute about? 1 = Boundary disputes  2 = Destruction of crops on farm  3 = Impounding straying animals  4 = Denying seasonal grazing  5 = Denying access to water  6 = Denying access to pasture  7 = Denying access to burial grounds  8 = Denying access to firewood gathering  9 = Denying access to spiritual or cultural cites  10 = Denying access to right of way  11 = Ownership wrangles  12 = inheritance or succession wrangles  13 = illegal occupation  14 = illegal sale or purchase  15 = Trespass  16 = Other (specify)……………………………………
+⦁	What was the nature of the conflict? 1 = Non-violent 2 = Violent
+⦁	If violent, what weapons were used to attack? 1 = Fist fights  2 = Sticks and stones  3 = Knives, Machetes  4 = Bows, arrows, spears  5 = Guns 	
+⦁	Who did the conflict involve? 1 = Family members and neighbors  2 = Community members  3 = Community against another community  4 = Security operatives  5 = Government officials
+⦁	How was the dispute resolved? 1 = Discussed between the parties  2 = Reported to clan elders  3 = Local Council  4 = Reported to Police and security personnel  5 = Reported to Court  6 = Violent means 
+⦁	If the dispute was violent, how many people were involved? 1 = 1-5 	2 = 6-10	3 = Over ten
+⦁	Did you use any drugs before or during the violence? 1 = YES 2 = NO
+⦁	Which drug(s) did you use during the violence? 1 = Alcohol  2 = Tobacco  3 = Mirungi, Khat  4 = Others (specify) …………………………………….
+⦁	How long did the violent conflict last? 1 = Few minutes to some hours	2 = 1 day to a week	3 = months	4 = Years 
+⦁	What injuries did you sustain? 1 = Wounds  2 = Cuts  3 = Burns  4 = Trauma  5 = Fall  6 = Poison
+⦁	In what part of the body did you sustain the injury? 1 = Skull (including traumatic brain injury)  2 = Face (including teeth)  3 = Neck  4 = Chest  5 = Abdomen, pelvis, urogenital  6 = Spine  7 = Upper or Lower Limbs  8 = Burn injuries  9 = Psychological harm 
+⦁	How many people were injured during the violence? 1 = 1-5	2 = 6-10	3 = 11-15	4 = 16-20	5 = Over 20 
+⦁	What category of people were injured? 1 = Children  2 = Young people	  3 = Women  4 = Men  5 = Elderly  6 = Persons with disabilities
+⦁	Did any deaths result from the violence? 1 = YES  2 = NO
+⦁	If YES, how many people died? 1 = 1-5	2 = 6-10	3 = 11-15	4 = 16-20	5 = Over 20 
+⦁	How long did it take to resolve the dispute? 1 = 1 -3 months	2 = 4 -6 months 	3 = 6 months – 1 year	4 = 2 -3 years	5 = Over 
+⦁	Are there guidelines, policies, by laws or laws that regulate how you use land as a community? 1 = YES 	2 = NO
+⦁	When a dispute occurs, where do you first report? 1 = Discuss with other parties  2 = Report to clan elders  3 = Report to local Council  4 = Report to Police and security personnel  5 = Report to Court  6 = Other (specify) ……………………………….
+⦁	Are there mechanisms for resolving the dispute locally? 1 = YES  2 = NO
+⦁	Which of the following mechanisms have you used to resolve the dispute? 1 = Discuss with other parties  2 = Report to clan elders  3 = Report to local Council  4 = Report to Police and security personnel  5 = Report to Court  6 = Other (specify) ……………………………….
+SECTION 2: Risk Factors of Land-Conflict-Related Communal Violence 
+⦁	How many people live in your household? 1 = 1-4 		2 = 5-9 	 	3 = 10-14 	4 = Not sure 
+⦁	What is the total population of this village? 1 = 1-500	2 = 501-1000	3 = 1001-1500	4 = 1501-2000	
+⦁	How many households are located in this parish/sub-county? 1 = 1-500		2 = 501-1000		3 = 1001-1500		4 = 1501 -over
+⦁	What is the total land area of this village in square kilometers? 1 = 1-3		2 = 4-6		3 = 7-9		4 = 10 and above
+⦁	How much land is occupied by residential settlements versus farmland? 1 = 1-5%	2 = 6-10%  3 = 11-15%  4 = 16-20%  5 = Over 20%
+⦁	Are households clustered in trading centers or dispersed across farmland? 
+⦁	How far is your household from the nearest neighbor? 1 = less than 1km	2 = 2-3km  3 = 4-5km  4 = Over 5km
+⦁	Do you own land in your community? 1 = Yes  2 = NO		
+⦁	If YES, how have you acquired the land you are using? 1 = Inherited  2 = gift/ donation  3 = purchased  4 = conquest  5 =  occupation  6 = Exchange
+⦁	How big is your land? 1 = less than an acre  2 = one -three acres  3 = four -six acres  4 = Seven to ten acres  5 = over 10 acres
+⦁	Has your community had a land conflict with the neighbouring community? 1 = Yes  2 = No  3 = I don’t know
+⦁	If your answer in 66 is yes, when did the conflict take place? 1 = in the past one year  2 = two years back  3 = three to five years back
+⦁	What caused the conflict to start? 
+⦁	What made your clan to get involved in the land conflict? 
+⦁	How was the clan involved in the  conflict? 
+⦁	Was the conflict violent? 1 = Yes	2 = No
+⦁	If your answer in 59 is yes, what was the nature of the violence? 
+⦁	How many people were involved in the conflict? 1 = 1-20	2 = 21-50	3 = 51-100	4 = Over 100 people 
+⦁	Were there any injuries sustained in the violence? 1 = Yes	2 = No
+⦁	If yes, what kind of injuries were sustained in the violence? 1 = Wounds  2 = Cuts  3 = Burns  4 = Trauma  5 = Fall  6 = Poison
+⦁	In what parts of the body did you sustain the injury? 1 = Skull (including traumatic brain injury)  2 = Face (including teeth)  3 = Neck  4 = Chest  5 = Abdomen, pelvis, urogenital  6 = Spine  7 = Upper or Lower Limbs  8 = Burn injuries  9 = Psychological harm 
+⦁	How many people were injured during the violence? 1 = 1-5	2 = 6-10	3 = 11-15	4 = 16-20	5 = Over 20 
+⦁	What category of people were injured? 1 = Children  2 = Young people  3 = Women  4 = Men  5 = Elderly	  6 = Persons with disabilities
+⦁	How were the victims of the violence assisted? 1 = Taken to health centre  2 = taken to Police  3 = taken to court  4 = traditional mechanisms used
+
+Lugbara Translation 4:
+Apendikisi B:
+
+Adra Enyatia Angu-Ma-Ngiringiri si: Candi, Kokobi Ozizia Ni
+Agu ozizia 'yepi:
+Ozizia ma o'du:
+GPS pari neza:
+Kokobi oziziani ma kalafe:
+
+Mi i'da kalamusi pamvu woro 'bani 'du 'bori.
+Zita
+Ma ru ___________. (Mi ayu ecuza kililiru yi ti ecita idezu)
+Ma 'dia mi drilembo ai ti ecizu mabe ngiringiri angu dria Madi Okolo Disitrikiti-a e'yo neza Kala Nosi Etu ni efuria Uganda-a.
+E'yo neza 'di le ma i'da vata muke ombo adra engazu ngiringiri angu ma e'yosi Madi Okolo Disitrikiti-a.
+'Ba pe mi e'yo neza 'di ma alea geri _____________ si.
+Mi ti ecita adreni omizaru ku, te ofeta koko. Ika ai ra, e'yo nzeza 'di ni nga tutuni dakika 'du______.
+Ozizia 'di ma alea, ma nga afa azi yi ayu ekile kamera, rekoda azini GPS, afa 'bani ayu e'yo ada okuzu. Ma vini mi drilembo zi eyi ayuzu. (Mi nga kirikirisi dri ti karatasi 'di ma dria - karatasi drilembo ni)
+
+ESELE 1:  E'yo 'Ba Omvipi Ma Kalafe Dria.
+E'yo angiri 'ba omvipi dria:
+Agu ozizia omvipi: 
+Aku drile 1 = Ee 2 = Yo
+
+Disitrikiti:
+Gombolola:
+Parisi:
+Calo:
+
+(1) Ru
+(2) Aku drile ma a'du
+(3) Rua
+(4) Eli
+(5) Onita
+(6) Dini
+
+Aku drile ma a'du: 1 = Aku drile; 2 = Wa'di; 3 = Mvi/ Zi; 4 = Mva azi; 5 = A'bimva; 6 = Azini (Mi olu)
+Rua: 1 = Agupi; 2 = Oku
+Onita Esele 'Bua Ndeni mini isu: 1 = Amu sukulu-a ku; 2 = Purimari; 3 = O-Levo; 4 = A-Levo; 5 = Tasari; 6 = Univasiti
+Dini: 1 = Katulika; 2 = Purukati; 3 = Silamu; 4 = Penitekosito; 5 = Azini yi (Mi olu)
+
+7. Pari ma esele a'du? 1 = Calo; 2 = Tawuni; 3 = Tawuni ageia
+8. Mi aku ni aa jo ngole ma alea?
+9. Mi aku ma afa aapi sawa izu ci? 1 = Redio; 2 = Gari; 3 = Simu; 4 = Anyapa
+10. Mi aku ni yi mvuza e'yokoko isu ra? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+11. Afa mini inya a'dizu ndeni enga ngoa? 1 = Ija; 2 = Maka; 3 = Afa asipi amvua; 4 = Tala o'du; 5 = Gasi; 6 = Biogasi; 7. Aci
+12. Sende e'doza ifiru ndeni mba yi 12 agapi 'bo ma alea a'duni? 1 = Amvu aleni; 2 = Amvu sendeni; 3 = Azi oyani; 4 = Biasara; 5 = Sende Lonyisi; 6 = Tranisifa (penisoni, sende awazaru, soso sekuriko orodri, sende positi ofisisi); 7 Atita = (ekile Azakoma inya si, WFP, NGO, aziri be); 8 = Anyapa tambaza; 9 = I'bi okuza; 10 = Azini (Mi olu)
+13. Mi amvu 'ya aleni kani sendeni mi angu dria? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+14. Mi isu angu mini amvu 'yazuri ngoni? 1 = A'bi; 2 = Je; 3 = Feta; 4 = Laisenisi; 5 = Ofe ayuzaru
+15. Angu mi dria a'dule kani 'ba azi yi be? 1 = A'dule; 2 = 'Ba azi yi be
+16. Puloti si aku 'di ma dria kani emi ni ayu? 1 = 1-3 (alu pere na); 2 = 4-6 (su pere azia); 3 = 7-9 (aziri pere oromi)
+17. Angu mi dri-a ngoni? 1 = A'bi; 2 = Driwalatro; 3 = Lizi
+18. Angu mini aazu alenia kani ayu ambo ngopi? 1 = Aga eka 1 (alu) ku; 2 = Eka 2-5 (iri pere towi); 3 = Eka 6-10 (azia pere mudri); 4 = Eka 10 tuzu 'bua
+19. Angu mi dria, ayuzaru kani mi aa drinia sawa ngopi? 1 = Eli 1-5 (alu pere towi); 2 = Eli 6-10; 3 = Eli 10 tuzu 'bua
+20. Angu ma asita pari awazu kilili ci? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+21. Midri angu ma pari mi awa ngoni? 1 = Pati; 2 = Otoko; 3 = Geriko; 4 = 'Be were kani ambo; 5 = Miri kani a'bu mile; 6 = Fenisi aci be kani azini; 7 = Azini yi
+22. Mi angu otita ngo ma alea? 1 = A'bi; 2 = Driwalatro; 3 = Lizi
+23. Karatasi i'dapi mi angu ma ei ci? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+24. Ka aa Ee, karatasi i'dapiri ngoi? 1 = Waraga a'bi ei i'dapi; 2 = Waraga titolu ni; 3 = Aziza; 4 = Lizi aziza; 5 = Azini yi
+25. Mi angu dria kani ayu karatasi azita ni leri koko? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+26. Afa mini 'ye angu dria a'duni? 1 = Amvu; 2 = Anyapa tambaza ewu si; 3 = Yi isuza; 4 = Iribi; 5 = Pari 'ba sazuri; 6 = Ija traza; 7 = E'yo orindi azini a'bi ni; 8 Geri ma okpo; 9 = Azini yi
+27. O'bi azi enyati-a eco angu ayu ra? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+28. Le ma esu drilembo icekoko angu ayuzu? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+29. Omvita ka aa Ee, a'di ni drilembo fe ni? .............................
+30. Drilembo 'ba fe sitasi? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+31. O'bi suru azini kani enyati jirani-a eco angu ayu ra? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+32. Ka aa Ee, eyi eco a'du 'ye angu dria? 1 = Amvu 'yaza; 2 = Anyapa tambaza ewu si; 3 = Yi isuza; 4 = Iribi; 5 = Pari 'ba sazuri; 6 = Ija traza; 7 = E'yo orindi azini a'bi ni; 8 Geri ma okpo; 9 = Azini yi
+33. Mi isu ngiringiri kani awata mi angu dria ra? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+34. A'di andra awata ma alea ni? 1 = Jo ejele yi; 2 = O'bi enyati-a; 3 = Enyati/ Suru inyia; 4 = Azini yi (Mi olu) ..................................
+35. Ngiringiri kani awata mi angu ma dria aa sawa ngopi? 1 = Eli 1-5; 2 = Eli 6-10; 3 = Aga eli 10
+36. Ngiringiri kani awata andra a'du dria? 1 = Awata angu ma asita pari dria; 2 = Iribi izaza amvua; 3 = Anyapa amvu izapi 'duzu; 4 Anyapa tambaza ewusi ogazu; 5 = Yi isuza ogazu; 6 = Iribi isuza ogazu; 7 = Cata pari 'ba sazuri alea ogazu; 8 = Ija traza ogazu; 9 = Cata pari e'yo orindi kani a'bi ni alea ogazu; 10 = Geri ma okpo ogazu; 11 = Awata ei a'di-i ma dria; 12 = Awata 'ba drapi'bo ma afa awaza dria; 13 = Riza angu dria drilembo koko; 14 = Angu oziza kani jeza azita ni aikuri; 15 = Agazu agu ma angua drilembo koko; 16 = Azini (Mi olu) ...................................
+37. Ngiringiri ma wura andra ngoni? 1 = Adra koko; 2 = Adraru
+38. Ka aa adraru, nyafe ayuzari andra a'duni? 1 = Bunia; 2 = Kali azini oni; 3 = Ili, macete; 4 = 'Ye, aju; 5 = Osu
+39. Ngiringiri andra a'di ma eselea? 1 = Aku alu azini jo ejele yi; 2 = O'bi enyati-a; 3 = Enyati alu azini be; 4 = 'Ba ageitema ni; 5 = 'Ba gamete-a
+40. Awata de-i ngoni? 1 = O'bi nze e'yo ni eyi ma eselea; 2 = Olu e'yo Suru dricere vu; 3 = Kanisilu Akuari; 4 = Olu e'yo Polisi vu azini 'Ba ageitema ni; 4 = Olu duani vu; 5 = Adra si
+41. Awata ka andra aa adraru, 'ba alenia ngopi? 1 = 'Ba 1-5; 2 = 'Ba 6-10; 3 = Aga 'ba 10
+42. Mi ayu aro ciri ra desi adra e'do ku kani vutinia? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+43. Mi ayu aro ngoi adra ma alea? 1 = Ewa; 2 = Taba; 3 = Mairungi, kahati; 4 = Azini yi (Mi olu)
+44. Ngiringiri adraruri aa sawa ngopi? 1 = Dakika were pere sawa azi; 2 O'du 1 (alu) pere wiki 1 (alu); 3 = Mba yi; 4 = Eli yi
+45. Nyibiliko mini isuri a'duni? 1 = Bile; 2 = Liza; 3 = Veza; 4 = Candi azini ori omi-a; 5 = I'deza; 6 = Enyata
+46. Pari ngoi mi rua mini nyibiliko isuzu? 1 = Dri (alenia nyibiliko omi-a ori ijipiri indi); 2 = Mileti (alenia si yi indi); 3 = Ombe; 4 = Agati; 5 = Loma; 6 = Ediafe ngukua; 7 = Dri azini pa; 8 = Nyibiliko acisi; 9 = Nyibiliko omi-a
+47. 'Ba si esu nyibiliko adra ma alea? 1 = 'Ba 1-5; 2 = 'Ba yi 6-10; 3 = 11-15; 4 = 16-20; 5 = 20 (Kali iri) tuzu 'bua
+48. Gurupu nyibiliko esupiri ngoi? 1 = Anzi; 2 = 'Ba ode; 3 = Oku; 4 = Agupi; 5 = Amba; 6 = Ombere
+49. Dra ciri 'ye-i adra si ra? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+50. Ka ovu Ee, 'ba si dra ni? 1 = 'Ba 1-5 (alu pere towi); 2 = 6-10; 3 = 11-15; 4 = 16-20; 5 = Aga 'ba 20
+51. Sawa aga ngopi awata otuzu? 1 = Mba 1-3 (alu pere na); 2 = 4-6; 3 = Mba yi 6-Eli 1; 4 = Eli 2-3 (iri pere na); 5 = Aga eli 3
+52. Azita kani ayota ci angu ayuza enyati-a ri ma geri ocepi? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+53. Awata ka fu, mi olu ngoa oko? 1 = Nze 'ba azi be; 2 = Olu suru drile ni; 3 = Olu Kanisilu Akuari vu; 4 = Olu Polisi azini 'Ba ageitema ni vu; 5 = Olu duani vu; 6 = Azini (Mi olu) .....................................................
+54. Geri azi awata otuzu akua ci? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+55. Geri vutisi 'do ma alea mini ayu 'bo awata otuzu ngoi? 1 = Nze 'ba azi yi be; 2 = Olu suru drile vu; 3 = Olu Kanisilu Akuari vu; 4 = Olu Polisi azini 'Ba ageitema ni vu; 5 = Olu duani vu; 6 = Azini (Mi olu) .......................................................
+
+ESELE 2: Candi Engazu Adra Efupi Ngiringiri Angunirisi
+56. 'Ba si yi aa mi aku-a? 1 = 'Ba 1-4; 2 = 5-9; 3 = 10-14; 4 = A ni kilili ku
+57. Calo 'di ma 'ba kalafe si? 1 = 'Ba 1-500; 2 = 501-1,000; 3 = 1,001-1,500; 4 = 1,501-2,000
+58. Aku si parisi/ gombolola 'di ma alea? 1 = Aku 1-500; 2 = 501-1,000; 3 = 1,001-1,500; 4 = Aga aku 1,501
+59. Calo 'di woro ngopi sikuweya kilomita si? 1 = siku kilomita 1-3; 2 = 4-6; 3 = 7-9; 4 = 10 tuzu 'bua
+60. Angu ngopi aku ni rizu ika o'bi amvu be? 1 = 1-5 %; 2 = 6-10 %; 3 = 11-15 %; 4 = 16-20 %; 5 = Aga 20 %
+61. Aku yi okuzaru pari biasara ni ma alea kani irezaru amvu ma eselea?
+62. Mi aku ma zoza engazu jo ejele anyia ndeniri vu ngopi? 1 = Ca kilomita 1 (alu) ku; 2 = km 2-3; 3 = km 4-5; 4 = Aga km 5
+63. Angu mi dria enyati alea ci? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+64. Ka aa Ee, mi isu angu mini ayuri ngoni? 1 = Tipika vu si; 2 = Feta; 3 = Jezaru; 4 = Paza; 5 = Riza; 6 = Ojaza
+65. Mi angu ambo ngopi? 1 = Aga eka 1 ku; 2 = Eka 1-3; 3 = Eka 4-6; 4: Eka 7-10; 5 = Aga eka 10
+66. Mi enyati isu e'yo angu dria enyati jo ejeleari be ra? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo; 3 = A ni ku
+67. Mi omvita 66-a ri ka aa Ee, ngiringiri nde ei ngoari? 1 = Eli alu ajeri si; 2 = Eli 2 (iri) vule; 3 = Eli 3-5 vule
+68. A'du fe ngiringiri ni i'do ni?
+69. A'du fe mi suru ni fi ngiringiri angu niri ma alea ni?
+70. Suru ici ti ngiringiri ma alea ngoni?
+71. Ngiringiri andra adra tro? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+72. Mi omvita 71-a ri ka aa Ee, adra andra ngole?
+73. 'Ba andra ngiringiri-a ri si? 1 =  'Ba 1-20; 2 = 21-50; 3 = 51-100; 4 = Aga 'ba 100
+74. Nyibiliko isuza andra adra ma alea ci? 1 = Ee; 2 = Yo
+75. Ka aa Ee, nyibiliko 'ba yi ni isu ngole adra si? 1 = Bile; 2 = Liza; 3 = Veza; 4 = Candi azini ori omi-a; 5 = I'deza; 6 = Enyata
+76. Pari ngoi mi rua mini nyibiliko isuzu? 1 = Dri (alenia nyibiliko omi-a ori ijipiri indi); 2 = Mileti (alenia si yi indi); 3 = Ombe; 4 = Agati; 5 = Loma; 6 = Ediafe ngukua; 7 = Dri azini pa; 8 = Nyibiliko acisi; 9 = Nyibiliko omi-a
+77. 'Ba si esu nyibiliko adra ma alea? 1 = 'Ba 1-5; 2 = 'Ba yi 6-10; 3 = 11-15; 4 = 16-20; 5 = 20 (Kali iri) tuzu 'bua
+78. Gurupu nyibiliko esupiri ngoi? 1 = Anzi; 2 = 'Ba ode; 3 = Oku; 4 = Agupi; 5 = Amba; 6 = Ombere
+79. 'Ba ko agu candi isupi adra siri ma aza ngoni? 1 = Ji Alata ma Pari-a; 2 = Ji Polisi-a; 3 = Ji duani-a; 4 = Ayu geri a'bini