README.md

---
license: apache-2.0

datasets:
  - viewer:
    - max_preview_rows: 1000  # Adjust as needed
    - max_shard_size: 10MB  # Reduce this if needed

configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: "train.parquet"
  - split: test
    path: "test.parquet"
  - split: validation
    path: "validation.parquet"
    
- config_name: twitter15
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: twitter15/twitter15_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: twitter15/twitter15_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: twitter15/twitter15_validation.parquet

- config_name: verite
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: verite/verite_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: verite/verite_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: verite/verite_validation.parquet

- config_name: liar_new
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: liar_new/liar_new_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: liar_new/liar_new_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: liar_new/liar_new_validation.parquet

- config_name: coaid
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: coaid/coaid_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: coaid/coaid_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: coaid/coaid_validation.parquet

- config_name: fibvid
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: fibvid/fibvid_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: fibvid/fibvid_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: fibvid/fibvid_validation.parquet

- config_name: isot_fake_news
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: isot_fake_news/isot_fake_news_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: isot_fake_news/isot_fake_news_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: isot_fake_news/isot_fake_news_validation.parquet

- config_name: snopes
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: snopes/snopes_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: snopes/snopes_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: snopes/snopes_validation.parquet

- config_name: hover
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: hover/hover_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: hover/hover_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: hover/hover_validation.parquet

- config_name: fa_kes
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: fa_kes/fa_kes_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: fa_kes/fa_kes_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: fa_kes/fa_kes_validation.parquet

- config_name: cmu_miscov19
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: cmu_miscov19/cmu_miscov19_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: cmu_miscov19/cmu_miscov19_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: cmu_miscov19/cmu_miscov19_validation.parquet

- config_name: celebrity
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: celebrity/celebrity_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: celebrity/celebrity_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: celebrity/celebrity_validation.parquet

- config_name: claimskg
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: claimskg/claimskg_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: claimskg/claimskg_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: claimskg/claimskg_validation.parquet

- config_name: covid_19_rumor
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: covid_19_rumor/covid_19_rumor_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: covid_19_rumor/covid_19_rumor_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: covid_19_rumor/covid_19_rumor_validation.parquet

- config_name: covidfact
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: covidfact/covidfact_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: covidfact/covidfact_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: covidfact/covidfact_validation.parquet

- config_name: x_fact
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: x_fact/x_fact_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: x_fact/x_fact_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: x_fact/x_fact_validation.parquet

- config_name: mediaeval
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: mediaeval/mediaeval_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: mediaeval/mediaeval_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: mediaeval/mediaeval_validation.parquet

- config_name: fakecovid
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: fakecovid/fakecovid_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: fakecovid/fakecovid_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: fakecovid/fakecovid_validation.parquet

- config_name: counter-covid-19-misinformation
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: counter-covid-19-misinformation/counter-covid-19-misinformation_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: counter-covid-19-misinformation/counter-covid-19-misinformation_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: counter-covid-19-misinformation/counter-covid-19-misinformation_validation.parquet

- config_name: mm-covid
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: mm-covid/mm-covid_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: mm-covid/mm-covid_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: mm-covid/mm-covid_validation.parquet

- config_name: truthseeker2023
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: truthseeker2023/truthseeker2023_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: truthseeker2023/truthseeker2023_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: truthseeker2023/truthseeker2023_validation.parquet

- config_name: feverous
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: feverous/feverous_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: feverous/feverous_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: feverous/feverous_validation.parquet

- config_name: antivax
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: antivax/antivax_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: antivax/antivax_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: antivax/antivax_validation.parquet

- config_name: nlp4if
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nlp4if/nlp4if_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: nlp4if/nlp4if_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: nlp4if/nlp4if_validation.parquet

- config_name: IFND
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: IFND/IFND_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: IFND/IFND_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: IFND/IFND_validation.parquet

- config_name: esoc
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: esoc/esoc_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: esoc/esoc_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: esoc/esoc_validation.parquet

- config_name: twitter16
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: twitter16/twitter16_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: twitter16/twitter16_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: twitter16/twitter16_validation.parquet

- config_name: liar
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: liar/liar_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: liar/liar_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: liar/liar_validation.parquet

- config_name: fakenewsamt
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: fakenewsamt/fakenewsamt_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: fakenewsamt/fakenewsamt_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: fakenewsamt/fakenewsamt_validation.parquet

- config_name: faviq
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: faviq/faviq_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: faviq/faviq_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: faviq/faviq_validation.parquet

- config_name: fever
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: fever/fever_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: fever/fever_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: fever/fever_validation.parquet

- config_name: wico
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: wico/wico_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: wico/wico_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: wico/wico_validation.parquet

- config_name: checkcovid
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: checkcovid/checkcovid_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: checkcovid/checkcovid_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: checkcovid/checkcovid_validation.parquet

- config_name: benjamin_political_news
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: benjamin_political_news/benjamin_political_news_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: benjamin_political_news/benjamin_political_news_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: benjamin_political_news/benjamin_political_news_validation.parquet

- config_name: pheme
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: pheme/pheme_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: pheme/pheme_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: pheme/pheme_validation.parquet

- config_name: multiclaim
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: multiclaim/multiclaim_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: multiclaim/multiclaim_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: multiclaim/multiclaim_validation.parquet

- config_name: ct_fan
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: ct_fan/ct_fan_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: ct_fan/ct_fan_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: ct_fan/ct_fan_validation.parquet

- config_name: banfakenews
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: banfakenews/banfakenews_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: banfakenews/banfakenews_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: banfakenews/banfakenews_validation.parquet

- config_name: rumors
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: rumors/rumors_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: rumors/rumors_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: rumors/rumors_validation.parquet

- config_name: covid-19-disinformation
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: covid-19-disinformation/covid-19-disinformation_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: covid-19-disinformation/covid-19-disinformation_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: covid-19-disinformation/covid-19-disinformation_validation.parquet

- config_name: climate_fever
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: climate_fever/climate_fever_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: climate_fever/climate_fever_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: climate_fever/climate_fever_validation.parquet

- config_name: defakts
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: defakts/defakts_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: defakts/defakts_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: defakts/defakts_validation.parquet

- config_name: covid_vaccine_misinfo_mic
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: covid_vaccine_misinfo_mic/covid_vaccine_misinfo_mic_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: covid_vaccine_misinfo_mic/covid_vaccine_misinfo_mic_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: covid_vaccine_misinfo_mic/covid_vaccine_misinfo_mic_validation.parquet

- config_name: pubhealthtab
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: pubhealthtab/pubhealthtab_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: pubhealthtab/pubhealthtab_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: pubhealthtab/pubhealthtab_validation.parquet

- config_name: fake_news_corpus
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: fake_news_corpus/fake_news_corpus_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: fake_news_corpus/fake_news_corpus_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: fake_news_corpus/fake_news_corpus_validation.parquet

- config_name: ti_cnn
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: ti_cnn/ti_cnn_train.parquet
  - split: test
    path: ti_cnn/ti_cnn_test.parquet
  - split: validation
    path: ti_cnn/ti_cnn_validation.parquet

  
language:
- en
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
tags:
- misinformation
- text
pretty_name: Misinformation Detection Datasets
# dataset_info: 

Modalities:
- Text

---


# CDL Misinfo Detection Datasets

## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:** https://misinfo-datasets.complexdatalab.com/
- **Repository:** https://github.com/ComplexData-MILA/misinfo-datasets
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05060
- **Data Processing Script:** https://github.com/ComplexData-MILA/misinfo-dataset-preprocessing


### Datasets Summary

Misinformation is a challenging societal issue, and mitigating solutions are difficult to create due to data deficiencies. To address this problem, we have surveyed (mis)information datasets in the literature, collected those that are accessible, and made them available here in a unified repository. We also harmonized all original factuality labels into a single variable named veracity, which includes three categories: true, false, and unknown. We further analyzed the quality of these datasets with the results presented in the table below. This is a live repository, and we add more datasets as they become available. If you would like to contribute a novel dataset or report any issues, please email us or visit our GitHub.

Currently, we have 36 claims datasets and 9 paragraph datasets in the repository listed below, where the columns indicate three quality checks:  keyword and temporal columns indicate spurious correlations in the data, and feasibility indicates if the majority of the data points have enough information to be verified in the first place. Please refer to our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05060) for further details. 


![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/63d453c81da8c28b7b899912/c2UMWOoffZZzu2jWiMQMh.png)

We also present the subject counts and the language coverage present in these datasets.

![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/63d453c81da8c28b7b899912/0omOF26Oa9LPHif59JPOe.png)

![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/63d453c81da8c28b7b899912/9DxAWiRyzioIOKZS9WiX1.png)

### Note for Users

The large number of NA values is expected. Given that we have merged multiple datasets with different variables, there are a large number of missing values (NA) for variables not relevant to records from each specific dataset. Variables referring to the same type of information, but labelled differently (e.g. claim, text, tweet, etc.), were standardized under a common name (e.g. claim). In contrast, variables unique to a specific dataset and not present in others retained their original names. As a result, these variables appear as missing (NA) in other datasets where they were not originally present.

As a result of merging datasets with different codings, some variables may contain equivalent observations expressed in different forms. For instance, the country variable may include values such as US, usa, and United States. Further data cleaning is recommended for non-standarized variables.

### Data pre-processing

[These scripts](https://github.com/ComplexData-MILA/misinfo-dataset-preprocessing) were designed to transform the data format from [the original CSV file](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ComplexDataLab/Misinfo_Datasets/blob/main/claims_data.csv.gz) to the Parquet files.

The pre-processing can be summarized as the following steps: 

1.  Mapping the Veracity from a number/null value to a string-like boolean:  1 --> True, 2 --> False, 3 --> unknown, null --> na, etc.

2.  The columns are reordered so that the "veracity" column is 2nd and the "dataset" column is 3rd. No other order changes will be made.

3.  Converting all the "null" to "na" and all data to string type

4.  Making the "split" column evenly distributed

5.  Converting from csv format to parquet format

6.  Splitting the parquet file into 3 categories (train, test, validation)

7.  Splitting the train, test, and validation files into versions per dataset

### For More Information
C. Thibault et al., 'A Guide to Misinformation Detection Data and Evaluation', arXiv [cs.SI]. 2025.

[Link here](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05060v1)


![image/jpeg](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/63ab7ff5d7ee953f60535b9e/LgNMMbJFsLFV_Th2a8vgZ.jpeg)

![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/63ab7ff5d7ee953f60535b9e/GSQqT28He0GUx9WO0tSFs.png)


### Citation Information

```
@article{thibault2025guidemisinformationdetectiondata,
  title={A Guide to Misinformation Detection Data and Evaluation}, 
  author={Camille Thibault and Jacob-Junqi Tian and Gabrielle Peloquin-Skulski and Taylor Lynn Curtis and James Zhou and Florence Laflamme and Yuxiang Guan and Reihaneh Rabbany and Jean-François Godbout and Kellin Pelrine},
  year={2025},
  eprint={2411.05060},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.SI},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05060}, 
}
```