A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Evelyn, William, David, and Sebastian. Evelyn said, "David is a knave." William said, "Evelyn is not a knight." "William is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight," David claimed. In a statement by Sebastian: "Sebastian is a knight if and only if William is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knight, William is a knave, David is a knave, and Sebastian is a knave.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) William is a knave
(3) David is a knave
(4) Sebastian is a knave

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is not a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is not a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that William is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if William is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Henry, Jacob, Charlotte, and Ella. Henry noted, "Henry is a knight". Jacob commented, "Charlotte is not a knave". Charlotte expressed that If Ella is a knight then Henry is a knave. In Ella's words: "Charlotte is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry is a knave, Jacob is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, and Ella is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knave
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knight
(4) Ella is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that If Ella is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Charlotte is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Charlotte is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is not a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Charlotte is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ella is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is not a knave.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that If Ella is a knight then Henry is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, Charlotte, and Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Emma, Lily, Avery, and Elizabeth. "Elizabeth is not a knave" - Emma. As Lily put it, "Emma is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knight". Avery noted, "Emma is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knave". "If Elizabeth is a knight then Lily is a knight," Elizabeth claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knight, Lily is a knight, Avery is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knight.

(1) Emma is a knight
(2) Lily is a knight
(3) Avery is a knight
(4) Elizabeth is a knight

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knight then Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Michael, Sophia, Jacob, and Samuel. Michael noted, "Jacob is a knave or Samuel is a knight". Sophia said that Michael is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave. In a statement by Jacob: "Michael is not a knight". As Samuel put it, "Jacob is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Jacob is a knave, and Samuel is a knave.

(1) Michael is a knight
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) Jacob is a knave
(4) Samuel is a knave

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave or Samuel is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sebastian, James, Jacob, and Jack. Sebastian told you that Jacob is not a knave. James was heard saying, "Jack is not a knave". Jacob asserted: "Sebastian is a knave if and only if James is a knave". "Jacob is not a knight," Jack mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian is a knave, James is a knight, Jacob is a knave, and Jack is a knight.

(1) Sebastian is a knave
(2) James is a knight
(3) Jacob is a knave
(4) Jack is a knight

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is not a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if James is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is not a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Jack is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Sebastian is a knave if and only if James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Jacob is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is not a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that Jacob is not a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if James is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Mia, Jackson, Lucas, and Harper. Mia said, "If Mia is a knight then Harper is a knave." Jackson commented, "Jackson is a knight". Lucas remarked, "Jackson is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight". Harper was heard saying, "Lucas is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Lucas is a knave, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Jackson is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knave
(4) Harper is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knight then Harper is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that If Mia is a knight then Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Lucas is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Abigail, Emma, Henry, and Isabella. Abigail remarked, "Henry is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight". "Isabella is a knave" - Emma. Henry said that Isabella is a knight and Abigail is a knight. Isabella said, "If Abigail is a knave then Abigail is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail is a knave, Emma is a knight, Henry is a knave, and Isabella is a knave.

(1) Abigail is a knave
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Henry is a knave
(4) Isabella is a knave

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knave then Abigail is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Henry is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Isabella is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Isabella is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Abigail is a knave then Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Abigail is a knave then Abigail is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Abigail is a knave then Abigail is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Ethan, Amelia, Olivia, and Aiden. Ethan remarked, "If Olivia is a knight then Amelia is a knave". According to Amelia, "Aiden is a knight or Olivia is a knave". "If Ethan is a knight then Ethan is a knave," Olivia declared. Aiden said that Amelia is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Olivia is a knave, and Aiden is a knave.

(1) Ethan is a knight
(2) Amelia is a knight
(3) Olivia is a knave
(4) Aiden is a knave

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knight then Amelia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Ethan is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ethan is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Olivia is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Daniel, Abigail, Ava, and Harper. As Daniel put it, "Abigail is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave". "Ava is not a knave," Abigail mentioned. Ava was heard saying, "Daniel is a knight or Daniel is a knave". As Harper put it, "Ava is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Ava is a knight, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Daniel is a knight
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Ava is a knight
(4) Harper is a knave

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is not a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight or Daniel is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Scarlett, Grace, Jacob, and Emily. Scarlett told you that Grace is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave. Grace asserted: "Scarlett is a knave". In Jacob's words: "If Emily is a knight then Emily is a knave". As Emily put it, "Scarlett is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett is a knave, Grace is a knight, Jacob is a knight, and Emily is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Grace is a knight
(3) Jacob is a knight
(4) Emily is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Grace is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Scarlett is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Grace is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is not a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Emily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Michael, Ethan, Logan, and Sofia. In a statement by Michael: "Ethan is a knave or Michael is a knight". Ethan remarked, "If Michael is a knight then Ethan is a knight". Logan remarked, "If Sofia is a knave then Ethan is a knave". Sofia remarked, "Logan is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Logan is a knight, and Sofia is a knave.

(1) Michael is a knight
(2) Ethan is a knave
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knave

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave or Michael is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knave then Ethan is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is not a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that If Sofia is a knave then Ethan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sofia is a knave then Ethan is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that If Sofia is a knave then Ethan is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Michael is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Luke, Jackson, Grace, and Sofia. In a statement by Luke: "Grace is a knight and Jackson is a knave". Jackson said that Sofia is a knave and Luke is a knight. Grace told you that Sofia is a knight. Sofia asserted: "Jackson is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke is a knight, Jackson is a knave, Grace is a knight, and Sofia is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Jackson is a knave
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight and Jackson is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Grace is a knight and Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave and Luke is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 1)), ('and', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Amelia, Jackson, David, and Sophia. Amelia said that If Jackson is a knight then Sophia is a knight. "David is a knave or Jackson is a knight" - Jackson. David told you that Sophia is a knight. Sophia said that David is a knight and Amelia is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia is a knave, Jackson is a knight, David is a knave, and Sophia is a knave.

(1) Amelia is a knave
(2) Jackson is a knight
(3) David is a knave
(4) Sophia is a knave

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or Jackson is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knight and Amelia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that If Jackson is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia and David, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave or Jackson is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Sophia is a knight.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that David is a knave or Jackson is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jackson is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that If Jackson is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and Amelia is a knave.

(('->', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Ava, Ella, Matthew, and Noah. Ava asserted: "Matthew is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight". Ella remarked, "If Matthew is a knave then Noah is a knight". "If Ella is a knight then Ella is a knave" - Matthew. Noah was heard saying, "If Ava is a knave then Matthew is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava is a knave, Ella is a knight, Matthew is a knave, and Noah is a knight.

(1) Ava is a knave
(2) Ella is a knight
(3) Matthew is a knave
(4) Noah is a knight

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that If Ella is a knight then Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Matthew is a knave then Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ella is a knight then Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knave then Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ava is a knave then Matthew is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Matthew, Emma, Mason, and Jacob. "Emma is a knave," Matthew declared. In Emma's words: "Mason is a knight". Mason noted, "Emma is a knave and Matthew is a knave". As Jacob put it, "Mason is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew is a knight, Emma is a knave, Mason is a knave, and Jacob is a knight.

(1) Matthew is a knight
(2) Emma is a knave
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Jacob is a knight

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave and Matthew is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Victoria, David, Ethan, and Scarlett. Victoria expressed that Victoria is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight. "Victoria is a knave and Scarlett is a knave" - David. Ethan stated, "David is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight". Scarlett said, "David is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria is a knight, David is a knave, Ethan is a knight, and Scarlett is a knight.

(1) Victoria is a knight
(2) David is a knave
(3) Ethan is a knight
(4) Scarlett is a knight

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Henry, Daniel, Sebastian, and James. Henry remarked, "Daniel is a knave or James is a knight". Daniel noted, "Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave". "If James is a knave then Daniel is a knave," Sebastian mentioned. James commented, "If Sebastian is a knight then Henry is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, and James is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Sebastian is a knight
(4) James is a knight

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or James is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knave then Daniel is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Henry is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Amelia, Jack, Emma, and David. Amelia asserted: "David is not a knave". Jack stated, "David is a knave". Emma said, "If Emma is a knight then Amelia is a knave." David said, "David is a knight and Jack is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia is a knave, Jack is a knight, Emma is a knight, and David is a knave.

(1) Amelia is a knave
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Emma is a knight
(4) David is a knave

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight and Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that David is a knight and Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider David.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that David is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is not a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that David is not a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Amelia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Henry, Victoria, Avery, and Emma. In Henry's words: "Victoria is a knave". Victoria asserted: "If Henry is a knight then Avery is a knight". Avery stated, "Victoria is not a knight". "Avery is a knave and Henry is a knave," Emma claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Avery is a knave, and Emma is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knave
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Avery is a knave
(4) Emma is a knight

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Henry is a knight then Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that If Henry is a knight then Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Victoria is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knight then Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave and Henry is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Liam, Owen, Mason, and Oliver. Liam said that Mason is a knave and Oliver is a knave. "Liam is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave," Owen mentioned. As Mason put it, "Oliver is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight". According to Oliver, "Mason is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam is a knight, Owen is a knave, Mason is a knave, and Oliver is a knave.

(1) Liam is a knight
(2) Owen is a knave
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Oliver is a knave

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave and Oliver is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Mason is a knave and Oliver is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Mason is a knave and Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Scarlett, Olivia, Mason, and Elizabeth. Scarlett commented, "Mason is not a knave". In Olivia's words: "Mason is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight". Mason said that Elizabeth is not a knight. In a statement by Elizabeth: "Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Mason is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Mason is a knight
(4) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight.

(('not', ('lying', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Liam, Ava, Joseph, and Luke. As Liam put it, "Luke is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave". Ava said that Liam is a knave and Joseph is a knight. "Liam is a knight," Joseph declared. "Ava is a knight and Joseph is a knave," Luke claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam is a knave, Ava is a knave, Joseph is a knave, and Luke is a knave.

(1) Liam is a knave
(2) Ava is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knave
(4) Luke is a knave

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Liam is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Ava is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that Liam is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Grace, Zoey, David, and Riley. Grace was heard saying, "Zoey is not a knight". "Riley is a knight and David is a knight" - Zoey. "Riley is not a knight," David claimed. Riley remarked, "Riley is a knight or David is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace is a knight, Zoey is a knave, David is a knave, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Grace is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) David is a knave
(4) Riley is a knight

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Zoey is not a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight and David is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight or David is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Riley is a knight and David is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knight.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Daniel, Jack, Benjamin, and Jackson. "Jack is not a knight," Daniel claimed. According to Jack, "Daniel is a knight or Jackson is a knave". Benjamin stated, "Jackson is a knave". Jackson expressed that If Daniel is a knave then Benjamin is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knave, Jack is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, and Jackson is a knave.

(1) Daniel is a knave
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knight
(4) Jackson is a knave

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Jack is not a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Daniel is a knight or Jackson is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is not a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight or Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Daniel is a knight or Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Daniel is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Victoria, Olivia, Charlotte, and Joseph. As Victoria put it, "Victoria is a knight or Charlotte is a knight". In a statement by Olivia: "Charlotte is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight". Charlotte stated, "Olivia is a knave and Joseph is a knave". In a statement by Joseph: "Victoria is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria is a knave, Olivia is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, and Joseph is a knight.

(1) Victoria is a knave
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Joseph is a knight

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight or Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave and Joseph is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Olivia is a knave and Joseph is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave and Joseph is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is not a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Olivia is a knave and Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, Olivia, and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight or Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Victoria is a knight or Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knight.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('and', ('lying', 1), ('lying', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sofia, Liam, Daniel, and James. According to Sofia, "James is not a knave". In a statement by Liam: "Sofia is a knight". "Sofia is not a knave," Daniel declared. "Sofia is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight" - James. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia is a knave, Liam is a knave, Daniel is a knave, and James is a knave.

(1) Sofia is a knave
(2) Liam is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knave
(4) James is a knave

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Sofia is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that James is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that James is not a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is not a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Riley, Owen, Emily, and Alexander. In a statement by Riley: "If Emily is a knave then Owen is a knave". As Owen put it, "Alexander is a knight or Alexander is a knave". According to Emily, "Alexander is not a knight". Alexander noted, "Owen is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knave, Owen is a knight, Emily is a knave, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) Emily is a knave
(4) Alexander is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knave then Owen is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is not a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Owen is not a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Alexander is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is not a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that If Emily is a knave then Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Alexander is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander and Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emily is a knave then Owen is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that If Emily is a knave then Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Alexander is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Michael, Benjamin, Amelia, and Evelyn. Michael remarked, "Benjamin is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knight". According to Benjamin, "If Evelyn is a knight then Amelia is a knight". According to Amelia, "Benjamin is a knight or Evelyn is a knight". Evelyn said, "Benjamin is not a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Amelia is a knight, and Evelyn is a knight.

(1) Michael is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knight
(3) Amelia is a knight
(4) Evelyn is a knight

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight or Evelyn is a knight.

(('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('lying', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Luke, Olivia, David, and Emma. Luke was heard saying, "Olivia is a knave or Emma is a knight". Olivia commented, "Emma is a knight or David is a knight". "Luke is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave" - David. In Emma's words: "Olivia is a knave or Olivia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke is a knight, Olivia is a knight, David is a knight, and Emma is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) David is a knight
(4) Emma is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave or Emma is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight or David is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave or Olivia is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Grace, Lily, Olivia, and Daniel. "Lily is a knave," Grace mentioned. Lily noted, "Olivia is a knight and Olivia is a knave". "If Lily is a knight then Daniel is a knight" - Olivia. "Grace is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight" - Daniel. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace is a knight, Lily is a knave, Olivia is a knight, and Daniel is a knave.

(1) Grace is a knight
(2) Lily is a knave
(3) Olivia is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knave

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight and Olivia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knight then Daniel is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Victoria, Owen, Chloe, and Lucas. Victoria noted, "Chloe is not a knave". "Chloe is a knave or Lucas is a knight," Owen claimed. Chloe remarked, "Lucas is a knight and Victoria is a knight". Lucas stated, "Chloe is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria is a knave, Owen is a knight, Chloe is a knave, and Lucas is a knight.

(1) Victoria is a knave
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) Chloe is a knave
(4) Lucas is a knight

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Lucas is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Chloe is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Chloe is not a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Lucas is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Mia, Grace, Henry, and Emily. Mia expressed that Grace is not a knave. Grace was heard saying, "Henry is a knave and Mia is a knight". Henry remarked, "If Mia is a knave then Mia is a knight". Emily asserted: "Henry is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knave, Grace is a knave, Henry is a knave, and Emily is a knight.

(1) Mia is a knave
(2) Grace is a knave
(3) Henry is a knave
(4) Emily is a knight

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is not a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave and Mia is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Henry is a knave and Mia is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Mia is a knave then Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Grace is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is not a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Grace is not a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave and Mia is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Mia is a knave then Mia is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Mia is a knave then Mia is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: James, Mason, Charlotte, and Henry. "Henry is not a knight" - James. Mason noted, "Henry is a knight". Charlotte was heard saying, "Mason is a knight and Charlotte is a knight". Henry remarked, "Mason is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James is a knave, Mason is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, and Henry is a knight.

(1) James is a knave
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knight
(4) Henry is a knight

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Henry is not a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight and Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Mason is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, Mason, and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is not a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight and Charlotte is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Benjamin, Avery, Jacob, and Penelope. Benjamin commented, "Avery is a knave". Avery expressed that Penelope is a knight. Jacob said, "Avery is a knave and Penelope is a knave." "Jacob is a knave or Jacob is a knight," Penelope mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin is a knave, Avery is a knight, Jacob is a knave, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Benjamin is a knave
(2) Avery is a knight
(3) Jacob is a knave
(4) Penelope is a knight

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Avery is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jacob is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave and Penelope is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Emma, Jack, Oliver, and Riley. Emma was heard saying, "Riley is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight". In Jack's words: "Riley is a knave or Emma is a knave". "Jack is a knave and Emma is a knight" - Oliver. Riley commented, "Oliver is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knave, Jack is a knight, Oliver is a knave, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knave
(4) Riley is a knight

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Oliver is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave and Emma is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Jack is a knave and Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Riley is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave and Emma is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave or Emma is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Joseph, William, Isabella, and Aria. Joseph said, "Aria is not a knave." In William's words: "Aria is not a knight". Isabella stated, "William is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave". "Isabella is not a knave," Aria declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knight, William is a knave, Isabella is a knight, and Aria is a knight.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) William is a knave
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) Aria is a knight

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is not a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is not a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is not a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: William, Aiden, Charlotte, and Scarlett. William said that Aiden is a knight. Aiden said that Charlotte is a knave or William is a knight. According to Charlotte, "If Scarlett is a knave then William is a knave". "Scarlett is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave," Scarlett mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Scarlett is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or William is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knave then William is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that If Scarlett is a knave then William is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knave then William is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that If Scarlett is a knave then William is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: David, Liam, Matthew, and Victoria. In a statement by David: "Liam is a knave if and only if David is a knight". In Liam's words: "Victoria is a knight or David is a knave". Matthew expressed that Liam is a knave. "David is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knave," Victoria declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knight, Liam is a knave, Matthew is a knight, and Victoria is a knave.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Liam is a knave
(3) Matthew is a knight
(4) Victoria is a knave

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Liam is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight or David is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Victoria is a knight or David is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jacob, Aurora, David, and Mia. "Jacob is a knight if and only if David is a knave," Jacob mentioned. "If David is a knave then Jacob is a knave" - Aurora. David said that Mia is a knave. Mia asserted: "Jacob is a knight and Mia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob is a knight, Aurora is a knave, David is a knave, and Mia is a knight.

(1) Jacob is a knight
(2) Aurora is a knave
(3) David is a knave
(4) Mia is a knight

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Jacob is a knight if and only if David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight and Mia is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If David is a knave then Jacob is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If David is a knave then Jacob is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Matthew, Sofia, Ava, and Riley. "Ava is a knave," Matthew claimed. In a statement by Sofia: "Matthew is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave". Ava asserted: "Riley is a knave and Ava is a knight". Riley said, "Sofia is not a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Ava is a knave, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Matthew is a knight
(2) Sofia is a knave
(3) Ava is a knave
(4) Riley is a knight

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave and Ava is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is not a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Emma, Ethan, Owen, and Jackson. Emma said, "Emma is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave." Ethan said, "Emma is a knight and Owen is a knave." In Owen's words: "Emma is a knight and Jackson is a knave". "Emma is a knight," Jackson mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knave, Ethan is a knave, Owen is a knave, and Jackson is a knave.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Ethan is a knave
(3) Owen is a knave
(4) Jackson is a knave

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Emma is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight and Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Emma is a knight and Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Emma is a knight and Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Emma is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight and Jackson is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: David, Amelia, Jack, and Jackson. As David put it, "Jack is a knave and Jackson is a knave". In a statement by Amelia: "David is not a knight". Jack noted, "If Amelia is a knave then David is a knight". Jackson said, "If David is a knight then Jack is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Jack is a knight, and Jackson is a knight.

(1) David is a knave
(2) Amelia is a knight
(3) Jack is a knight
(4) Jackson is a knight

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave and Jackson is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Jack is a knave and Jackson is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Amelia is a knave then David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave and Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knave then David is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knight then Jack is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Aiden, Jacob, Aurora, and Sebastian. Aiden stated, "Jacob is a knight or Sebastian is a knight". Jacob remarked, "Jacob is a knight and Aiden is a knave". Aurora expressed that If Sebastian is a knight then Jacob is a knave. In a statement by Sebastian: "Jacob is a knight and Aiden is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knave, Jacob is a knave, Aurora is a knight, and Sebastian is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knave
(2) Jacob is a knave
(3) Aurora is a knight
(4) Sebastian is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight or Sebastian is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knight and Aiden is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight and Aiden is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knight and Aiden is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Jacob is a knight or Sebastian is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian and Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight or Sebastian is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Jacob is a knight or Sebastian is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Jacob is a knight or Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight and Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Jacob is a knave.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 0)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Logan, Victoria, Grace, and Mia. Logan expressed that Mia is a knight or Mia is a knave. Victoria said, "Logan is a knight." In a statement by Grace: "Logan is a knight or Grace is a knight". Mia told you that Grace is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Grace is a knight, and Mia is a knave.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Mia is a knave

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight or Grace is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Grace is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knight or Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 3)), ('telling-truth', 0), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: David, Alexander, Isabella, and Joseph. David asserted: "Alexander is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave". Alexander asserted: "If Joseph is a knight then David is a knight". Isabella remarked, "Joseph is not a knave". Joseph remarked, "Alexander is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Isabella is a knave, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Alexander is a knight
(3) Isabella is a knave
(4) Joseph is a knave

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knight then David is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Alexander is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Michael, Benjamin, Oliver, and Ava. Michael was heard saying, "Oliver is a knight or Benjamin is a knight". Benjamin commented, "Michael is not a knight". In a statement by Oliver: "Michael is a knight". Ava remarked, "Oliver is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Oliver is a knight, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Michael is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Ava is a knight

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight or Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 0), ('not', ('lying', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jack, Lucas, Penelope, and Amelia. According to Jack, "Amelia is a knave and Amelia is a knight". "Lucas is a knight or Amelia is a knight," Lucas mentioned. Penelope commented, "Lucas is a knight". According to Amelia, "Penelope is a knave or Penelope is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knave, Lucas is a knight, Penelope is a knight, and Amelia is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Lucas is a knight
(3) Penelope is a knight
(4) Amelia is a knight

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight or Amelia is a knight.

(('and', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('telling-truth', 1), ('or', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Evelyn, Sebastian, Elizabeth, and Riley. Evelyn expressed that Sebastian is a knight. "Evelyn is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave," Sebastian declared. Elizabeth expressed that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight. According to Riley, "Evelyn is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Elizabeth is a knave
(4) Riley is a knight

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Evelyn is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 1), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 2)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('telling-truth', 0))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Daniel, Mia, James, and Owen. "If Mia is a knave then Daniel is a knight," Daniel declared. Mia said that Owen is a knight and Daniel is a knave. James said, "Owen is a knave." "If Mia is a knight then Daniel is a knight," Owen declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knight, Mia is a knave, James is a knave, and Owen is a knight.

(1) Daniel is a knight
(2) Mia is a knave
(3) James is a knave
(4) Owen is a knight

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knight and Daniel is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Daniel is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knight then Daniel is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jackson, Alexander, Noah, and Ava. "If Noah is a knave then Noah is a knight" - Jackson. As Alexander put it, "Jackson is a knight if and only if Noah is a knight". "Ava is a knight and Ava is a knave," Noah claimed. Ava said, "Alexander is not a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Noah is a knave, and Ava is a knave.

(1) Jackson is a knave
(2) Alexander is a knight
(3) Noah is a knave
(4) Ava is a knave

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knave then Noah is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knight and Ava is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that If Noah is a knave then Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Noah is a knave then Noah is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that If Noah is a knave then Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight and Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jackson is a knight if and only if Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Noah is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Henry, Oliver, Aria, and Sofia. According to Henry, "Aria is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight". Oliver was heard saying, "Aria is a knave or Sofia is a knight". Aria said that Sofia is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave. Sofia told you that Oliver is a knave or Henry is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Aria is a knave, and Sofia is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knave
(2) Oliver is a knight
(3) Aria is a knave
(4) Sofia is a knight

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Aria is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave or Henry is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Oliver is a knave or Henry is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aria is a knave or Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave or Henry is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that Sofia is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, Sofia, and Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Aria is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave or Sofia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Isabella, Mason, Charlotte, and Aria. Isabella asserted: "Mason is a knave and Charlotte is a knave". Mason was heard saying, "If Aria is a knight then Charlotte is a knight". "If Mason is a knight then Mason is a knave," Charlotte mentioned. In Aria's words: "Isabella is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella is a knave, Mason is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, and Aria is a knave.

(1) Isabella is a knave
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Aria is a knave

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Mason is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aria is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that If Aria is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria and Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Mason is a knight then Mason is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Mason is a knight then Mason is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: William, Owen, Penelope, and Emily. As William put it, "Emily is a knave". As Owen put it, "Emily is a knight or William is a knave". Penelope asserted: "Emily is not a knight". According to Emily, "Emily is a knight if and only if William is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knight, Owen is a knave, Penelope is a knight, and Emily is a knave.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Owen is a knave
(3) Penelope is a knight
(4) Emily is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight if and only if William is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knight or William is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight or William is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sofia, Victoria, Daniel, and Isabella. "If Daniel is a knight then Isabella is a knight" - Sofia. Victoria said, "Sofia is a knight." Daniel noted, "Victoria is a knight and Daniel is a knight". Isabella was heard saying, "Victoria is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Daniel is a knave, and Isabella is a knight.

(1) Sofia is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Daniel is a knave
(4) Isabella is a knight

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knight then Isabella is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight and Daniel is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that If Daniel is a knight then Isabella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight and Daniel is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

(('->', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('telling-truth', 0), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sophia, Elizabeth, Daniel, and Grace. Sophia stated, "If Sophia is a knight then Grace is a knight". "Daniel is a knave and Sophia is a knave," Elizabeth mentioned. "If Sophia is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight" - Daniel. "Daniel is a knave or Sophia is a knight," Grace claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, Daniel is a knight, and Grace is a knight.

(1) Sophia is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or Sophia is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knave and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave and Sophia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Charlotte, Daniel, Harper, and Penelope. Charlotte asserted: "Daniel is a knave or Harper is a knave". Daniel commented, "Penelope is not a knight". Harper stated, "Charlotte is not a knave". Penelope asserted: "Daniel is a knave or Charlotte is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knight, Daniel is a knave, Harper is a knight, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knave
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Penelope is a knight

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or Harper is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Penelope is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Daniel is a knave or Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Riley, Sebastian, Charlotte, and Mia. Riley stated, "If Mia is a knave then Mia is a knight". Sebastian told you that If Sebastian is a knight then Mia is a knight. "Riley is not a knight," Charlotte declared. In Mia's words: "Sebastian is a knave or Charlotte is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, and Mia is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Mia is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave or Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Mia is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Noah, Owen, Henry, and Isabella. Noah stated, "Owen is a knight or Isabella is a knight". Owen noted, "Henry is not a knave". As Henry put it, "Noah is a knave". Isabella noted, "Noah is a knight or Isabella is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah is a knight, Owen is a knave, Henry is a knave, and Isabella is a knight.

(1) Noah is a knight
(2) Owen is a knave
(3) Henry is a knave
(4) Isabella is a knight

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight or Isabella is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Henry is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is not a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight or Isabella is a knight.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('lying', 2)), ('lying', 0), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Emily, Evelyn, Luke, and Emma. In Emily's words: "Emma is not a knave". "Emma is not a knave" - Evelyn. "If Emma is a knight then Emily is a knave," Luke declared. "Luke is a knight and Emma is a knight," Emma mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, Luke is a knight, and Emma is a knave.

(1) Emily is a knave
(2) Evelyn is a knave
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Emma is a knave

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Emma is a knight then Emily is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Luke is a knight and Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Emma is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is not a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Emma is not a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Emily is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is not a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is not a knave.