A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Grace, Charlotte, William, and Alexander. Grace said that Charlotte is a knight and William is a knight. In Charlotte's words: "William is not a knave". William commented, "Grace is a knave and Grace is a knight". In Alexander's words: "Charlotte is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, William is a knave, and Alexander is a knave.

(1) Grace is a knave
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) William is a knave
(4) Alexander is a knave

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight and William is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is not a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knave and Grace is a knight.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Charlotte is a knight and William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Charlotte is a knight and William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and William is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Charlotte is a knight and William is a knight.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that William is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that William is not a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Isabella, Emma, Luke, and Noah. Isabella remarked, "Noah is a knave". Emma was heard saying, "If Luke is a knave then Emma is a knight". "Noah is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight," Luke claimed. "Emma is a knight" - Noah. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella is a knave, Emma is a knight, Luke is a knight, and Noah is a knight.

(1) Isabella is a knave
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Noah is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Luke is a knave then Emma is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that If Luke is a knave then Emma is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Noah is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, Emma, and Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knave then Emma is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jack, Harper, James, and Liam. Jack commented, "James is not a knave". "If Liam is a knave then Harper is a knight," Harper declared. James said, "Harper is not a knight." Liam stated, "James is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knave, Harper is a knight, James is a knave, and Liam is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Harper is a knight
(3) James is a knave
(4) Liam is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is not a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Harper is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Liam is a knave then Harper is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that If Liam is a knave then Harper is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam and Harper, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that James is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that James is not a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knave then Harper is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Mia, Alexander, Riley, and Benjamin. Mia was heard saying, "Alexander is a knight". Alexander expressed that Riley is a knave. Riley said that Mia is a knight and Riley is a knight. Benjamin stated, "Riley is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Riley is a knave, and Benjamin is a knight.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Alexander is a knight
(3) Riley is a knave
(4) Benjamin is a knight

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and Riley is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knight.

(('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 2), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sophia, Mason, Emily, and Michael. "Michael is a knight" - Sophia. "Michael is a knight" - Mason. Emily said, "Michael is a knave or Sophia is a knight." As Michael put it, "Emily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia is a knight, Mason is a knight, Emily is a knight, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Sophia is a knight
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) Michael is a knight

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Sophia is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 3), ('or', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 2))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Penelope, Alexander, Jacob, and Sophia. Penelope commented, "Penelope is a knight and Jacob is a knight". Alexander expressed that Penelope is a knave or Jacob is a knight. Jacob commented, "Alexander is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight". According to Sophia, "Penelope is a knave or Jacob is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Jacob is a knave, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) Penelope is a knave
(2) Alexander is a knight
(3) Jacob is a knave
(4) Sophia is a knight

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight and Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Alexander is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Penelope is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Penelope is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Penelope is a knight and Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight and Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Jacob is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jacob, Amelia, Olivia, and Aurora. According to Jacob, "Amelia is a knight or Aurora is a knight". Amelia remarked, "Aurora is not a knight". Olivia told you that Jacob is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave. Aurora stated, "Aurora is a knight or Jacob is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Olivia is a knight, and Aurora is a knight.

(1) Jacob is a knight
(2) Amelia is a knave
(3) Olivia is a knight
(4) Aurora is a knight

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or Aurora is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is not a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Aurora is not a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aurora is a knight or Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is not a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight or Jacob is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 1)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: William, Zoey, Charlotte, and Sophia. As William put it, "Sophia is a knight". "Charlotte is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight," Zoey claimed. Charlotte remarked, "Charlotte is a knight and Sophia is a knight". Sophia said that If Zoey is a knight then William is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Sophia is a knight

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then William is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that If Zoey is a knight then William is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Sophia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Owen, David, Emily, and Liam. Owen was heard saying, "Liam is a knight or David is a knave". According to David, "David is a knight or Liam is a knight". Emily remarked, "Liam is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave". In a statement by Liam: "Owen is a knight or Emily is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen is a knight, David is a knight, Emily is a knave, and Liam is a knight.

(1) Owen is a knight
(2) David is a knight
(3) Emily is a knave
(4) Liam is a knight

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight or David is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight or Emily is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or Liam is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: David, Emma, Lucas, and Sofia. David stated, "David is a knight or Lucas is a knight". "Sofia is a knight" - Emma. As Lucas put it, "David is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave". Sofia told you that Lucas is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knave, Emma is a knave, Lucas is a knave, and Sofia is a knave.

(1) David is a knave
(2) Emma is a knave
(3) Lucas is a knave
(4) Sofia is a knave

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that David is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Sofia is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lucas is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that David is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma and Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that David is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that David is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 1)), ('telling-truth', 2))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Lucas, Jacob, Grace, and Jack. "Jacob is a knight or Jacob is a knave" - Lucas. According to Jacob, "Jack is not a knave". Grace noted, "Lucas is a knight". Jack told you that Grace is a knave and Lucas is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Grace is a knight, and Jack is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Jacob is a knave
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Jack is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight or Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knave and Lucas is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Jack is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is not a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Jack is not a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave and Lucas is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Victoria, Lily, Abigail, and Zoey. As Victoria put it, "Victoria is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knight". "If Abigail is a knave then Victoria is a knave," Lily claimed. As Abigail put it, "If Zoey is a knight then Lily is a knight". "Abigail is a knave," Zoey claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria is a knight, Lily is a knave, Abigail is a knave, and Zoey is a knight.

(1) Victoria is a knight
(2) Lily is a knave
(3) Abigail is a knave
(4) Zoey is a knight

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Zoey is a knight then Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Abigail is a knave then Victoria is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Abigail is a knave then Victoria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Liam, Benjamin, Matthew, and Samuel. "Matthew is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knight," Liam mentioned. Benjamin remarked, "Matthew is a knight or Liam is a knave". "Liam is not a knight," Matthew declared. Samuel stated, "Liam is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Matthew is a knave, and Samuel is a knight.

(1) Liam is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Matthew is a knave
(4) Samuel is a knight

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is not a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is not a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knight or Liam is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight or Liam is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Alexander, Sebastian, Elizabeth, and Mason. "Mason is not a knight," Alexander mentioned. "Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight" - Sebastian. "Sebastian is not a knave," Elizabeth declared. Mason said that Sebastian is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, and Mason is a knight.

(1) Alexander is a knave
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Elizabeth is a knight
(4) Mason is a knight

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is not a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Sebastian is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is not a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, Sebastian, and Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Alexander, Owen, Samuel, and Ella. According to Alexander, "If Alexander is a knight then Samuel is a knight". "Samuel is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave," Owen mentioned. Samuel said that Alexander is a knight. "Samuel is not a knave," Ella mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander is a knight, Owen is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Ella is a knight.

(1) Alexander is a knight
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) Samuel is a knight
(4) Ella is a knight

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Riley, Zoey, Daniel, and Evelyn. Riley commented, "Evelyn is not a knight". According to Zoey, "Riley is not a knave". Daniel said that Evelyn is a knave or Evelyn is a knight. In Evelyn's words: "If Riley is a knave then Zoey is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knave, Zoey is a knave, Daniel is a knight, and Evelyn is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knight
(4) Evelyn is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is not a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Evelyn is not a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Riley is a knave then Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is not a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knave then Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Liam, Logan, Penelope, and Harper. In a statement by Liam: "Penelope is a knave if and only if Logan is a knave". "Liam is not a knight," Logan mentioned. According to Penelope, "If Logan is a knave then Liam is a knave". Harper expressed that Liam is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam is a knight, Logan is a knave, Penelope is a knave, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Liam is a knight
(2) Logan is a knave
(3) Penelope is a knave
(4) Harper is a knave

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave if and only if Logan is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knave then Liam is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is not a knight.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Penelope is a knave if and only if Logan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Logan is a knave then Liam is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Penelope is a knave if and only if Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is not a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Samuel, Scarlett, Michael, and Ella. Samuel said that Scarlett is a knave or Michael is a knave. As Scarlett put it, "Michael is a knave and Michael is a knight". "Ella is a knight or Scarlett is a knave," Michael claimed. According to Ella, "Samuel is a knave if and only if Michael is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Michael is a knight, and Ella is a knight.

(1) Samuel is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knave
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) Ella is a knight

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Michael is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Lucas, Ava, Elizabeth, and Charlotte. "Ava is a knight" - Lucas. "If Charlotte is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight," Ava mentioned. According to Elizabeth, "Charlotte is a knave or Lucas is a knight". In Charlotte's words: "If Charlotte is a knight then Ava is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knight, Ava is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) Elizabeth is a knight
(4) Charlotte is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Ava is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Lucas is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Mason, Mia, Riley, and Liam. "If Riley is a knight then Mason is a knight," Mason claimed. Mia was heard saying, "Mason is a knight or Mia is a knight". "Riley is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave" - Riley. Liam expressed that Mia is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason is a knave, Mia is a knave, Riley is a knight, and Liam is a knight.

(1) Mason is a knave
(2) Mia is a knave
(3) Riley is a knight
(4) Liam is a knight

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Riley is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mason is a knight or Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Riley is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia and Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Riley is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight or Mia is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knight.

(('->', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 1)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Emma, Aiden, Michael, and Ethan. "Aiden is a knight," Emma claimed. "If Michael is a knave then Michael is a knight" - Aiden. "Ethan is not a knave" - Michael. Ethan stated, "Ethan is a knight or Aiden is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Michael is a knight, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Emma is a knight
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) Ethan is a knight

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knave then Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight or Aiden is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Oliver, Elizabeth, Emily, and Charlotte. According to Oliver, "If Emily is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight". Elizabeth said that Emily is a knave and Oliver is a knave. Emily commented, "Charlotte is a knight". Charlotte noted, "If Emily is a knight then Charlotte is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, Emily is a knight, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Oliver is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knave
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) Charlotte is a knight

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knave and Oliver is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave and Oliver is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Ava, Henry, Olivia, and Victoria. Ava stated, "Victoria is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knight". According to Henry, "If Ava is a knight then Victoria is a knave". Olivia asserted: "Ava is a knight". Victoria said, "Olivia is a knight and Henry is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava is a knight, Henry is a knave, Olivia is a knight, and Victoria is a knight.

(1) Ava is a knight
(2) Henry is a knave
(3) Olivia is a knight
(4) Victoria is a knight

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight and Henry is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Ava is a knight then Victoria is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ava is a knight then Victoria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Charlotte, Emma, Matthew, and David. Charlotte noted, "David is a knave". Emma asserted: "Charlotte is a knave". Matthew said that Charlotte is a knight. According to David, "Matthew is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knight, Emma is a knave, Matthew is a knight, and David is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Emma is a knave
(3) Matthew is a knight
(4) David is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sofia, Matthew, Luke, and Aria. In a statement by Sofia: "Matthew is a knight or Luke is a knight". "Matthew is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight" - Matthew. In Luke's words: "Aria is a knave and Sofia is a knave". Aria asserted: "If Aria is a knight then Sofia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Luke is a knave, and Aria is a knight.

(1) Sofia is a knight
(2) Matthew is a knight
(3) Luke is a knave
(4) Aria is a knight

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knight then Sofia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Noah, Penelope, Aria, and Avery. In a statement by Noah: "Avery is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight". "Avery is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave," Penelope claimed. Aria noted, "If Penelope is a knave then Noah is a knight". Avery stated, "Noah is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Aria is a knave, and Avery is a knight.

(1) Noah is a knave
(2) Penelope is a knave
(3) Aria is a knave
(4) Avery is a knight

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is not a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is not a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Avery is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Penelope is a knave then Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is not a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Avery is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Penelope is a knave then Noah is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: David, Abigail, Alexander, and Charlotte. "Charlotte is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave," David mentioned. Abigail stated, "David is a knave". Alexander stated, "Abigail is a knave and Charlotte is a knave". "Alexander is a knave if and only if David is a knave" - Charlotte. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Alexander is a knave, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) David is a knave
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Alexander is a knave
(4) Charlotte is a knight

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave if and only if David is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Avery, Samuel, Harper, and Chloe. Avery said that If Chloe is a knight then Samuel is a knave. Samuel asserted: "Avery is a knight". Harper noted, "Chloe is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave". Chloe noted, "Harper is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Harper is a knight, and Chloe is a knave.

(1) Avery is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knave

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knight then Samuel is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that If Chloe is a knight then Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Abigail, Victoria, Oliver, and Scarlett. "Victoria is a knave," Abigail mentioned. Victoria noted, "Oliver is a knave". In Oliver's words: "Scarlett is a knight". Scarlett remarked, "If Victoria is a knave then Oliver is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail is a knight, Victoria is a knave, Oliver is a knight, and Scarlett is a knight.

(1) Abigail is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knave
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Scarlett is a knight

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knave then Oliver is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jack, Henry, Amelia, and Liam. Jack commented, "Henry is not a knave". Henry remarked, "If Henry is a knight then Amelia is a knave". Amelia told you that Liam is a knight and Liam is a knave. As Liam put it, "Henry is a knight and Jack is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knight, Henry is a knight, Amelia is a knave, and Liam is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Henry is a knight
(3) Amelia is a knave
(4) Liam is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knight then Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that If Henry is a knight then Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight and Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight and Jack is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Henry, Emma, Liam, and Logan. Henry noted, "Liam is not a knave". "Logan is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave," Emma declared. Liam commented, "Emma is a knight and Logan is a knave". "If Emma is a knave then Liam is a knight," Logan declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry is a knave, Emma is a knave, Liam is a knave, and Logan is a knave.

(1) Henry is a knave
(2) Emma is a knave
(3) Liam is a knave
(4) Logan is a knave

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight and Logan is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Emma is a knight and Logan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Liam is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is not a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Liam is not a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Logan is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Emma is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emma is a knave then Liam is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Riley, Sebastian, and Logan. "Sebastian is a knave and Logan is a knight" - Elizabeth. Riley said, "Sebastian is not a knight." In a statement by Sebastian: "Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight". "Sebastian is a knave," Logan declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth is a knave, Riley is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, and Logan is a knave.

(1) Elizabeth is a knave
(2) Riley is a knave
(3) Sebastian is a knight
(4) Logan is a knave

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Sebastian is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sebastian is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley and Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is not a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Olivia, William, Emma, and Lily. Olivia commented, "Olivia is a knight and Emma is a knave". "If Lily is a knight then Olivia is a knave" - William. Emma remarked, "Olivia is a knave and Lily is a knave". Lily commented, "William is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia is a knave, William is a knight, Emma is a knave, and Lily is a knight.

(1) Olivia is a knave
(2) William is a knight
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Lily is a knight

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Olivia is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave and Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Lily is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that William is a knight.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Lily is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, Lily, and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave and Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Olivia is a knave and Lily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William and Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knight then Olivia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Emma, Daniel, Mia, and Liam. As Emma put it, "Liam is a knave and Mia is a knight". Daniel was heard saying, "If Liam is a knave then Emma is a knave". Mia commented, "Liam is a knave". "If Daniel is a knave then Mia is a knight" - Liam. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Mia is a knave, and Liam is a knight.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Mia is a knave
(4) Liam is a knight

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave and Mia is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Liam is a knave and Mia is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Daniel is a knave then Mia is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Liam is a knave then Emma is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Liam is a knave then Emma is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that If Daniel is a knave then Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Liam is a knave and Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, Daniel, and Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave and Mia is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Mia is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knave then Emma is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: William, Zoey, Ella, and Mia. William noted, "Mia is not a knight". Zoey remarked, "Zoey is a knight or Ella is a knave". Ella said, "Mia is a knight and William is a knight." "If Zoey is a knight then Zoey is a knave," Mia declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Ella is a knave, and Mia is a knave.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Ella is a knave
(4) Mia is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Mia is not a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Zoey is a knight then Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight or Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight and William is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and William is a knight.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Joseph, Daniel, Samuel, and Olivia. According to Joseph, "Daniel is a knight or Olivia is a knight". Daniel stated, "Olivia is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight". Samuel stated, "Daniel is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knight". In Olivia's words: "If Samuel is a knave then Joseph is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Samuel is a knave, and Olivia is a knave.

(1) Joseph is a knave
(2) Daniel is a knave
(3) Samuel is a knave
(4) Olivia is a knave

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight or Olivia is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Olivia is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Samuel is a knave then Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Olivia is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Daniel is a knight or Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia and Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight or Olivia is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Daniel is a knight or Olivia is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Daniel is a knight or Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Samuel is a knave then Joseph is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that If Samuel is a knave then Joseph is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jack, Sophia, Lucas, and Aria. Jack expressed that Lucas is a knave. According to Sophia, "Jack is a knight". Lucas was heard saying, "Sophia is a knave and Jack is a knight". Aria told you that Sophia is a knave and Jack is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Lucas is a knave, and Aria is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knave
(4) Aria is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave and Jack is a knight.

(('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 0), ('and', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('and', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Matthew, Lily, Elizabeth, and Alexander. "Alexander is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight" - Matthew. Lily said that Matthew is not a knight. Elizabeth expressed that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Lily is a knave. In Alexander's words: "If Alexander is a knight then Lily is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew is a knight, Lily is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Matthew is a knight
(2) Lily is a knave
(3) Elizabeth is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knight

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Lily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Lily, Aiden, Jack, and William. Lily noted, "If Aiden is a knave then Jack is a knave". In Aiden's words: "If Aiden is a knight then William is a knight". "Jack is a knight if and only if William is a knight," Jack declared. William stated, "Aiden is a knight and Jack is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Jack is a knave, and William is a knight.

(1) Lily is a knight
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Jack is a knave
(4) William is a knight

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knave then Jack is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knight then William is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Aiden is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight if and only if William is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Liam, Emily, David, and Charlotte. Liam noted, "David is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight". "Liam is a knight or Charlotte is a knave," Emily claimed. "Charlotte is not a knave" - David. Charlotte asserted: "If Emily is a knight then Liam is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam is a knave, Emily is a knave, David is a knight, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Liam is a knave
(2) Emily is a knave
(3) David is a knight
(4) Charlotte is a knight

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Liam is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that If Emily is a knight then Liam is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that David is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Charlotte is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is not a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Charlotte is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emily is a knight then Liam is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that David is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Liam is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, Charlotte, and David, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that David is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Aiden, Luke, Jackson, and Harper. Aiden remarked, "Jackson is a knight or Luke is a knight". Luke asserted: "Harper is not a knave". Jackson expressed that Aiden is a knave and Jackson is a knight. As Harper put it, "Jackson is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knight, Luke is a knight, Jackson is a knave, and Harper is a knight.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Luke is a knight
(3) Jackson is a knave
(4) Harper is a knight

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is not a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sebastian, Aiden, Jack, and Charlotte. Sebastian said that Charlotte is a knight or Charlotte is a knave. Aiden said that Jack is a knave. "Charlotte is a knight and Aiden is a knight," Jack declared. Charlotte stated, "Jack is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Jack is a knave, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) Sebastian is a knight
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Jack is a knave
(4) Charlotte is a knave

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight and Aiden is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Charlotte is a knight and Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Jack is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight and Aiden is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 3)), ('lying', 2), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Liam, Oliver, Charlotte, and Grace. Liam told you that If Charlotte is a knave then Liam is a knight. "Charlotte is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave," Oliver mentioned. Charlotte noted, "Oliver is a knave or Charlotte is a knight". According to Grace, "Charlotte is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, and Grace is a knight.

(1) Liam is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knave
(3) Charlotte is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave or Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Charlotte is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Olivia, Evelyn, Emma, and Liam. According to Olivia, "Evelyn is a knave". "If Olivia is a knave then Evelyn is a knight" - Evelyn. "Liam is a knight," Emma declared. In a statement by Liam: "Olivia is a knave or Olivia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, Emma is a knight, and Liam is a knight.

(1) Olivia is a knave
(2) Evelyn is a knight
(3) Emma is a knight
(4) Liam is a knight

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Olivia is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave or Olivia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Emily, Ethan, Harper, and Penelope. Emily asserted: "Penelope is a knight". Ethan told you that Ethan is a knight and Harper is a knight. As Harper put it, "Ethan is not a knight". "Ethan is a knight," Penelope mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knave, Ethan is a knave, Harper is a knight, and Penelope is a knave.

(1) Emily is a knave
(2) Ethan is a knave
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Penelope is a knave

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight and Harper is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is not a knight.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Ethan is a knight and Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight and Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knight.

(('telling-truth', 3), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 1))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Liam, Charlotte, Owen, and Matthew. In a statement by Liam: "If Matthew is a knight then Liam is a knight". As Charlotte put it, "Liam is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight". Owen told you that Owen is a knight and Matthew is a knave. According to Matthew, "Liam is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Owen is a knave, and Matthew is a knight.

(1) Liam is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) Owen is a knave
(4) Matthew is a knight

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knight then Liam is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knight and Matthew is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Matthew is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Grace, Abigail, Olivia, and Henry. Grace asserted: "Abigail is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave". Abigail stated, "Olivia is a knave or Abigail is a knight". As Olivia put it, "If Grace is a knave then Henry is a knight". Henry expressed that Abigail is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Olivia is a knight, and Henry is a knight.

(1) Grace is a knave
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Olivia is a knight
(4) Henry is a knight

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knave then Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Abigail is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Abigail is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Grace is a knave then Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is not a knave.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Abigail is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Olivia is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia and Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Avery, Aiden, Matthew, and Abigail. Avery asserted: "Matthew is a knight and Abigail is a knight". Aiden expressed that Abigail is a knave. Matthew asserted: "Abigail is a knave and Aiden is a knight". Abigail said that Avery is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knave, Aiden is a knight, Matthew is a knight, and Abigail is a knave.

(1) Avery is a knave
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Matthew is a knight
(4) Abigail is a knave

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Abigail is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Matthew is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Matthew is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Matthew is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('lying', 3), ('and', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 0))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Olivia, Charlotte, and Sophia. Elizabeth commented, "Sophia is not a knave". In a statement by Olivia: "Elizabeth is a knight or Sophia is a knight". Charlotte remarked, "If Olivia is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave". "Olivia is a knave or Olivia is a knight," Sophia declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) Elizabeth is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Sophia is a knight

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave or Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Sophia is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Olivia is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Olivia is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: James, Grace, Logan, and Lucas. James remarked, "If Logan is a knave then Grace is a knave". "James is a knave and Logan is a knight," Grace claimed. Logan noted, "James is a knave". Lucas commented, "If Logan is a knight then Logan is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James is a knight, Grace is a knave, Logan is a knave, and Lucas is a knight.

(1) James is a knight
(2) Grace is a knave
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Lucas is a knight

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knave then Grace is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that If Logan is a knave then Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knight then Logan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Ava, Riley, Sebastian, and James. Ava was heard saying, "James is a knave or James is a knight". Riley told you that Sebastian is a knave if and only if James is a knave. According to Sebastian, "Ava is a knave". James was heard saying, "Sebastian is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava is a knight, Riley is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, and James is a knave.

(1) Ava is a knight
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Sebastian is a knave
(4) James is a knave

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or James is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is not a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Sebastian is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if James is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Luke, Liam, Sophia, and Benjamin. Luke told you that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave. "Benjamin is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight," Liam claimed. As Sophia put it, "Benjamin is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight". "Liam is a knight and Sophia is a knave," Benjamin mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke is a knave, Liam is a knave, Sophia is a knight, and Benjamin is a knave.

(1) Luke is a knave
(2) Liam is a knave
(3) Sophia is a knight
(4) Benjamin is a knave

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Liam is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that Liam is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam and Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Liam, Penelope, David, and Ethan. As Liam put it, "Penelope is not a knight". "If Penelope is a knight then Liam is a knave," Penelope claimed. David stated, "Penelope is a knave and Ethan is a knave". Ethan commented, "David is a knave or Liam is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam is a knave, Penelope is a knight, David is a knave, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Liam is a knave
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) David is a knave
(4) Ethan is a knight

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Penelope is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Penelope is a knight then Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Penelope is a knight then Liam is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or Liam is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Ethan, Michael, Aurora, and Emily. According to Ethan, "Emily is a knave". "Aurora is a knave," Michael mentioned. "Michael is a knave and Ethan is a knave," Aurora claimed. "Michael is a knight," Emily mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan is a knave, Michael is a knight, Aurora is a knave, and Emily is a knight.

(1) Ethan is a knave
(2) Michael is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knave
(4) Emily is a knight

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Aurora is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, Michael, and Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Aurora is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Ethan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Lily, Charlotte, Sebastian, and Alexander. Lily asserted: "Alexander is a knight". "If Lily is a knight then Lily is a knave" - Charlotte. Sebastian said that If Alexander is a knight then Charlotte is a knave. Alexander said that If Sebastian is a knave then Lily is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Lily is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) Sebastian is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knight

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knave then Lily is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Charlotte is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Lily is a knight then Lily is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Lily is a knight then Lily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Aria, Scarlett, Ava, and Logan. Aria stated, "Scarlett is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave". In a statement by Scarlett: "Aria is not a knight". Ava commented, "Scarlett is not a knight". Logan said, "Scarlett is not a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Ava is a knave, and Logan is a knight.

(1) Aria is a knave
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Ava is a knave
(4) Logan is a knight

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is not a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Scarlett is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is not a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is not a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Ethan, Evelyn, Aria, and Lucas. "Lucas is a knight and Evelyn is a knave," Ethan declared. Evelyn expressed that Lucas is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight. Aria asserted: "Evelyn is a knight or Evelyn is a knave". Lucas remarked, "Evelyn is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Aria is a knight, and Lucas is a knight.

(1) Ethan is a knight
(2) Evelyn is a knave
(3) Aria is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knight

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is not a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Lucas is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight or Evelyn is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Avery, David, Samuel, and Scarlett. "Scarlett is a knight" - Avery. "Samuel is a knight and Scarlett is a knight," David claimed. Samuel said, "Avery is a knave or Scarlett is a knight." "If Avery is a knight then Scarlett is a knight," Scarlett declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knight, David is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Scarlett is a knight.

(1) Avery is a knight
(2) David is a knight
(3) Samuel is a knight
(4) Scarlett is a knight

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Avery is a knight then Scarlett is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 3), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Aurora, Mason, Mia, and Victoria. According to Aurora, "Mason is a knave and Aurora is a knight". Mason expressed that Mia is not a knave. Mia asserted: "If Victoria is a knave then Mason is a knight". "Mason is a knave," Victoria mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora is a knave, Mason is a knight, Mia is a knight, and Victoria is a knave.

(1) Aurora is a knave
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) Victoria is a knave

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Mason is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Mia is not a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Victoria is a knave then Mason is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that If Victoria is a knave then Mason is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mason is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, Mia, and Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knave then Mason is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Penelope, Logan, Owen, and Jacob. Penelope told you that Logan is a knight and Logan is a knave. Logan remarked, "Penelope is not a knight". Owen stated, "Penelope is a knave or Logan is a knight". According to Jacob, "If Logan is a knave then Owen is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope is a knave, Logan is a knight, Owen is a knight, and Jacob is a knight.

(1) Penelope is a knave
(2) Logan is a knight
(3) Owen is a knight
(4) Jacob is a knight

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knight and Logan is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight and Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Logan is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knave then Owen is a knight.