A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Daniel, Jack, Oliver, and Olivia. In a statement by Daniel: "If Olivia is a knave then Jack is a knave". Jack stated, "If Oliver is a knave then Daniel is a knave". "Olivia is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave," Oliver claimed. According to Olivia, "Oliver is a knave or Olivia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knave, Jack is a knight, Oliver is a knight, and Olivia is a knave.

(1) Daniel is a knave
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Olivia is a knave

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knave then Jack is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave or Olivia is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Olivia is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Oliver is a knave then Daniel is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Oliver is a knave then Daniel is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Olivia is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave or Olivia is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that If Olivia is a knave then Jack is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that Oliver is a knave or Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver and Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Olivia is a knave then Jack is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that If Olivia is a knave then Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Oliver is a knave then Daniel is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Oliver, Olivia, Owen, and James. "James is a knave and Olivia is a knight" - Oliver. In a statement by Olivia: "Owen is not a knight". Owen noted, "Olivia is a knave or James is a knave". James said, "Owen is a knave and Owen is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver is a knave, Olivia is a knave, Owen is a knight, and James is a knave.

(1) Oliver is a knave
(2) Olivia is a knave
(3) Owen is a knight
(4) James is a knave

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that James is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave or James is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is not a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that James is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Olivia is a knave or James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and James, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that James is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jacob, Elizabeth, Benjamin, and Emily. In Jacob's words: "Elizabeth is a knave and Benjamin is a knave". In a statement by Elizabeth: "Jacob is a knave and Jacob is a knight". "If Emily is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave," Benjamin claimed. Emily told you that Elizabeth is a knight or Benjamin is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Benjamin is a knight, and Emily is a knave.

(1) Jacob is a knave
(2) Elizabeth is a knave
(3) Benjamin is a knight
(4) Emily is a knave

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave and Benjamin is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Elizabeth is a knave and Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Elizabeth is a knave and Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Emily is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin and Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave and Benjamin is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight or Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Benjamin is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Charlotte, Abigail, Alexander, and Owen. Charlotte said that Owen is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight. Abigail said, "Alexander is a knight." According to Alexander, "Charlotte is not a knight". "Abigail is not a knave," Owen declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knight, Abigail is a knave, Alexander is a knave, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Abigail is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knave
(4) Owen is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Owen is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Abigail is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is not a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Abigail is not a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Owen is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

(('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('telling-truth', 2), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('not', ('lying', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Scarlett, Noah, Victoria, and Mia. Scarlett asserted: "Victoria is a knight if and only if Noah is a knight". Noah said that Victoria is a knave and Scarlett is a knave. "Mia is a knave" - Victoria. "Scarlett is a knave and Scarlett is a knight," Mia declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett is a knave, Noah is a knave, Victoria is a knight, and Mia is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Noah is a knave
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Mia is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Noah is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Victoria is a knight if and only if Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah and Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Mia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Noah is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Victoria is a knight if and only if Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jacob, Harper, Avery, and Noah. Jacob noted, "Harper is a knave and Avery is a knave". As Harper put it, "Jacob is not a knave". As Avery put it, "If Harper is a knave then Jacob is a knave". As Noah put it, "Harper is a knight and Jacob is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob is a knave, Harper is a knave, Avery is a knight, and Noah is a knave.

(1) Jacob is a knave
(2) Harper is a knave
(3) Avery is a knight
(4) Noah is a knave

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Harper is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jacob is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is not a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is not a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knave then Jacob is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight and Jacob is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight and Jacob is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Penelope, Mason, Chloe, and Sebastian. "Chloe is a knave or Mason is a knave," Penelope mentioned. According to Mason, "Penelope is a knave and Chloe is a knave". In Chloe's words: "Mason is not a knave". Sebastian commented, "If Mason is a knight then Penelope is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope is a knight, Mason is a knave, Chloe is a knave, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Penelope is a knight
(2) Mason is a knave
(3) Chloe is a knave
(4) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Mason is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Chloe is a knave or Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Mason is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knave and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mason is a knight then Penelope is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Charlotte, Owen, Ava, and Henry. "If Henry is a knave then Ava is a knave" - Charlotte. Owen said that Ava is a knave and Charlotte is a knave. Ava stated, "Ava is a knight and Charlotte is a knight". According to Henry, "Owen is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knight, Owen is a knave, Ava is a knave, and Henry is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Owen is a knave
(3) Ava is a knave
(4) Henry is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knave then Ava is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that If Henry is a knave then Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight and Charlotte is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Benjamin, Emma, Riley, and Logan. Benjamin said, "Riley is a knave or Benjamin is a knight." Emma told you that Benjamin is not a knight. Riley remarked, "Benjamin is a knave and Benjamin is a knight". As Logan put it, "Logan is a knight or Riley is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin is a knight, Emma is a knave, Riley is a knave, and Logan is a knight.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Emma is a knave
(3) Riley is a knave
(4) Logan is a knight

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave or Benjamin is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave and Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave and Benjamin is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight or Riley is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Amelia, Isabella, Sebastian, and Penelope. Amelia asserted: "If Isabella is a knave then Penelope is a knave". As Isabella put it, "Amelia is not a knave". In Sebastian's words: "Amelia is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight". In a statement by Penelope: "Sebastian is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Amelia is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Sebastian is a knave
(4) Penelope is a knight

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knave then Penelope is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is not a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Benjamin, Jack, Jacob, and David. "If Jack is a knave then David is a knave" - Benjamin. In Jack's words: "David is a knight and Benjamin is a knave". "Jack is a knave or Jacob is a knight," Jacob mentioned. David asserted: "David is a knight and Jacob is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin is a knight, Jack is a knave, Jacob is a knight, and David is a knave.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Jack is a knave
(3) Jacob is a knight
(4) David is a knave

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then David is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knight and Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and Benjamin is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that If Jack is a knave then David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave or Jacob is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Benjamin, Matthew, Noah, and Victoria. In Benjamin's words: "Matthew is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight". Matthew stated, "Noah is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight". Noah noted, "Benjamin is not a knight". "Matthew is not a knave," Victoria claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Noah is a knave, and Victoria is a knight.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Matthew is a knight
(3) Noah is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knight

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Noah is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sophia, Zoey, Avery, and Scarlett. "If Sophia is a knight then Scarlett is a knave," Sophia declared. Zoey told you that Sophia is not a knave. Avery expressed that Sophia is a knight and Avery is a knight. In Scarlett's words: "Avery is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Avery is a knight, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) Sophia is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Avery is a knight
(4) Scarlett is a knave

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that If Sophia is a knight then Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight and Avery is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Aiden, Abigail, Luke, and Jacob. Aiden told you that Jacob is a knight and Abigail is a knight. Abigail commented, "Aiden is a knight". In a statement by Luke: "Aiden is a knave or Abigail is a knave". Jacob commented, "If Aiden is a knight then Aiden is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Luke is a knight, and Jacob is a knight.

(1) Aiden is a knave
(2) Abigail is a knave
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Jacob is a knight

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Aiden is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Jacob is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Jacob is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave or Abigail is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Abigail, Victoria, Liam, and Scarlett. "Scarlett is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave," Abigail declared. "Abigail is a knave," Victoria claimed. Liam asserted: "Scarlett is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight". Scarlett said, "Liam is not a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Liam is a knave, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) Abigail is a knave
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Liam is a knave
(4) Scarlett is a knave

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Liam is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is not a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Liam is not a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, Liam, and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Abigail is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Avery, Jacob, Mason, and Michael. In a statement by Avery: "Jacob is a knave and Mason is a knight". "Jacob is a knight or Avery is a knight," Jacob claimed. "Jacob is a knave," Mason mentioned. Michael noted, "Avery is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knave, Jacob is a knight, Mason is a knave, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Avery is a knave
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Michael is a knight

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave and Mason is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Jacob is a knave and Mason is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jacob is a knight or Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave and Mason is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight or Avery is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

(('and', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('lying', 1), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Mia, Mason, Ava, and Michael. Mia remarked, "Ava is a knight and Mason is a knight". In a statement by Mason: "Michael is not a knave". "Ava is a knight and Mia is a knave" - Ava. As Michael put it, "If Mia is a knight then Mason is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knave, Mason is a knight, Ava is a knave, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Mia is a knave
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Ava is a knave
(4) Michael is a knight

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knight and Mia is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Ava is a knight and Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight and Mia is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Ava is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Michael is not a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Mia is a knight then Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael and Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight and Mia is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knight then Mason is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('not', ('lying', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 0)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Emily, Jackson, Aiden, and Elizabeth. In a statement by Emily: "Jackson is a knight". Jackson noted, "If Aiden is a knave then Emily is a knight". Aiden stated, "Emily is not a knight". Elizabeth was heard saying, "Jackson is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Aiden is a knave, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Jackson is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knave
(4) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knave then Emily is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is not a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is not a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Amelia, Daniel, Jackson, and Harper. Amelia stated, "If Daniel is a knave then Harper is a knight". In Daniel's words: "Jackson is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight". Jackson noted, "Amelia is a knight or Daniel is a knight". In Harper's words: "Jackson is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia is a knight, Daniel is a knave, Jackson is a knight, and Harper is a knight.

(1) Amelia is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knave
(3) Jackson is a knight
(4) Harper is a knight

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Harper is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or Daniel is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Noah, Sophia, Jack, and Mia. Noah stated, "Jack is a knave". Sophia noted, "Mia is a knave if and only if Noah is a knave". According to Jack, "Mia is not a knave". "Sophia is a knave or Jack is a knight," Mia declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Jack is a knight, and Mia is a knight.

(1) Noah is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knave
(3) Jack is a knight
(4) Mia is a knight

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Mia is not a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knave if and only if Noah is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Sophia is a knave or Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, Mia, and Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave if and only if Noah is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Oliver, Aria, Jack, and Jacob. According to Oliver, "Jacob is a knight". Aria told you that If Oliver is a knight then Jacob is a knave. Jack said that If Jacob is a knight then Jacob is a knave. According to Jacob, "Jacob is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver is a knight, Aria is a knave, Jack is a knave, and Jacob is a knight.

(1) Oliver is a knight
(2) Aria is a knave
(3) Jack is a knave
(4) Jacob is a knight

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Oliver is a knight then Jacob is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Oliver is a knight then Jacob is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Jacob is a knight then Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jacob is a knight then Jacob is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Luke, Riley, Abigail, and Charlotte. Luke stated, "Charlotte is not a knight". "Luke is a knight or Abigail is a knight," Riley declared. Abigail noted, "Luke is a knave and Charlotte is a knave". Charlotte said, "Charlotte is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke is a knight, Riley is a knight, Abigail is a knave, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Abigail is a knave
(4) Charlotte is a knave

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight or Abigail is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('lying', 0), ('lying', 3)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jack, Sophia, Aurora, and Sebastian. "Sebastian is a knave and Aurora is a knight," Jack claimed. "Jack is not a knave," Sophia declared. "If Jack is a knight then Sebastian is a knight," Aurora claimed. Sebastian said, "Sebastian is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Aurora is a knight, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knave
(3) Aurora is a knight
(4) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Sebastian is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Jack is a knight then Sebastian is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Sebastian is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora and Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knight then Sebastian is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is not a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Riley, Benjamin, Jacob, and Ethan. Riley told you that Jacob is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave. Benjamin was heard saying, "Jacob is not a knave". Jacob remarked, "Jacob is a knight or Riley is a knight". Ethan asserted: "Ethan is a knight or Benjamin is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Jacob is a knight, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knight
(3) Jacob is a knight
(4) Ethan is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight or Riley is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is not a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight or Benjamin is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Riley, Lucas, Luke, and Amelia. Riley asserted: "Luke is not a knight". Lucas noted, "Luke is not a knight". "Riley is a knight or Riley is a knave," Luke mentioned. "Luke is a knave and Amelia is a knight" - Amelia. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knave, Lucas is a knave, Luke is a knight, and Amelia is a knave.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Lucas is a knave
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Amelia is a knave

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Luke is not a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Riley is a knight or Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight or Riley is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is not a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 0)), ('and', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Aiden, Joseph, Benjamin, and Elizabeth. Aiden expressed that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave. In Joseph's words: "Benjamin is a knight or Elizabeth is a knave". Benjamin said that Elizabeth is a knave and Joseph is a knight. "If Joseph is a knight then Aiden is a knight," Elizabeth claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, and Elizabeth is a knight.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Joseph is a knave
(3) Benjamin is a knave
(4) Elizabeth is a knight

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Joseph is a knight then Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knight then Aiden is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knight or Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight or Elizabeth is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Logan, Isabella, Oliver, and Victoria. In Logan's words: "Victoria is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave". Isabella told you that Oliver is a knave or Victoria is a knave. Oliver said, "If Isabella is a knight then Victoria is a knave." As Victoria put it, "Logan is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knight, Isabella is a knave, Oliver is a knight, and Victoria is a knight.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knave
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Victoria is a knight

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is not a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Victoria is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave or Victoria is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knight then Victoria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Aria, Victoria, Ava, and Lucas. "If Victoria is a knave then Ava is a knave," Aria declared. As Victoria put it, "Aria is a knight and Victoria is a knight". "Victoria is a knave and Aria is a knight," Ava declared. Lucas said, "Victoria is a knight and Aria is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Ava is a knave, and Lucas is a knight.

(1) Aria is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Ava is a knave
(4) Lucas is a knight

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knave then Ava is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight and Aria is a knight.

(('->', ('lying', 1), ('lying', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Olivia, Evelyn, Liam, and Sebastian. Olivia was heard saying, "Liam is a knave or Liam is a knight". In Evelyn's words: "If Olivia is a knight then Olivia is a knave". Liam remarked, "Sebastian is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight". Sebastian said that Evelyn is a knight or Evelyn is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Liam is a knave, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Olivia is a knight
(2) Evelyn is a knave
(3) Liam is a knave
(4) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave or Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Evelyn is a knight or Evelyn is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight or Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Olivia is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Olivia is a knight then Olivia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Samuel, Henry, Riley, and Mia. In Samuel's words: "Henry is a knave". "Henry is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight" - Henry. "Henry is a knight," Riley mentioned. Mia expressed that Samuel is a knight and Samuel is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel is a knave, Henry is a knight, Riley is a knight, and Mia is a knave.

(1) Samuel is a knave
(2) Henry is a knight
(3) Riley is a knight
(4) Mia is a knave

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Henry is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

(('lying', 1), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('telling-truth', 1), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Mia, Joseph, Aiden, and Alexander. Mia asserted: "If Aiden is a knight then Alexander is a knave". In a statement by Joseph: "Mia is not a knave". Aiden asserted: "Mia is not a knight". Alexander said, "Mia is a knight and Mia is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Aiden is a knave, and Alexander is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Joseph is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knave
(4) Alexander is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knight then Alexander is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is not a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight and Mia is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and Mia is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Harper, Noah, Charlotte, and Grace. "Charlotte is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave," Harper mentioned. Noah asserted: "Charlotte is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave". "Harper is not a knight," Charlotte claimed. Grace said that If Harper is a knight then Charlotte is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knave, Noah is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, and Grace is a knight.

(1) Harper is a knave
(2) Noah is a knave
(3) Charlotte is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is not a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Harper is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Joseph, Scarlett, Michael, and Aria. Joseph was heard saying, "Michael is not a knave". Scarlett asserted: "If Michael is a knight then Aria is a knight". Michael noted, "Joseph is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight". Aria said that Michael is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Michael is a knight, and Aria is a knave.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knave
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) Aria is a knave

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knight then Aria is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that If Michael is a knight then Aria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Michael is a knight then Aria is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that If Michael is a knight then Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Lucas, Sebastian, Alexander, and Aiden. In a statement by Lucas: "Sebastian is a knave and Alexander is a knight". According to Sebastian, "Aiden is a knight or Lucas is a knight". "Aiden is a knight and Sebastian is a knight" - Alexander. Aiden told you that Lucas is a knight and Lucas is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, Alexander is a knave, and Aiden is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knave
(2) Sebastian is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knave
(4) Aiden is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave and Alexander is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Sebastian is a knave and Alexander is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aiden is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knight and Lucas is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Aiden is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that Aiden is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight and Lucas is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Sebastian is a knave and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight and Sebastian is a knight.

(('and', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Olivia, Abigail, Oliver, and Sophia. In Olivia's words: "If Abigail is a knight then Abigail is a knave". Abigail told you that Sophia is a knight or Oliver is a knave. Oliver said, "Sophia is not a knave." Sophia was heard saying, "If Abigail is a knave then Oliver is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Oliver is a knight, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) Olivia is a knave
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Sophia is a knight

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knight then Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that If Abigail is a knight then Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight or Oliver is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Sophia is a knight or Oliver is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Abigail is a knave then Oliver is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is not a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Sophia is a knight or Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, Sophia, and Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Abigail is a knight then Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight or Oliver is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knave then Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Harper, Chloe, Grace, and William. As Harper put it, "Grace is a knave and William is a knave". Chloe asserted: "Harper is a knave or William is a knight". Grace commented, "Chloe is not a knight". William expressed that Harper is a knight or Chloe is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Grace is a knave, and William is a knight.

(1) Harper is a knave
(2) Chloe is a knight
(3) Grace is a knave
(4) William is a knight

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave and William is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Grace is a knave and William is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is not a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave or William is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Grace is a knave and William is a knave.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Harper is a knave or William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Chloe is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave and William is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Chloe is not a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Harper is a knave or William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight or Chloe is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Oliver, Scarlett, Logan, and Owen. "If Scarlett is a knave then Owen is a knight," Oliver mentioned. According to Scarlett, "If Logan is a knight then Scarlett is a knight". Logan stated, "If Oliver is a knave then Oliver is a knight". Owen commented, "Oliver is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Logan is a knight, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Oliver is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Owen is a knave

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Owen is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knight then Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Oliver is a knave then Oliver is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Matthew, Grace, Olivia, and Charlotte. Matthew commented, "If Charlotte is a knave then Grace is a knight". In Grace's words: "Matthew is a knave". Olivia asserted: "Matthew is a knave". According to Charlotte, "If Olivia is a knight then Olivia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew is a knight, Grace is a knave, Olivia is a knave, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Matthew is a knight
(2) Grace is a knave
(3) Olivia is a knave
(4) Charlotte is a knight

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knave then Grace is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jack, Harper, Mia, and William. "William is a knave or Mia is a knight" - Jack. "If Harper is a knight then William is a knave," Harper claimed. In a statement by Mia: "William is a knave". In a statement by William: "William is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knight, Harper is a knight, Mia is a knight, and William is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Harper is a knight
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) William is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave or Mia is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that William is a knave or Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knight then William is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Chloe, Jacob, Evelyn, and Liam. Chloe told you that Evelyn is a knight. "Liam is a knight or Evelyn is a knight," Jacob mentioned. Evelyn asserted: "Chloe is a knave or Liam is a knave". Liam commented, "Chloe is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, and Liam is a knave.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Evelyn is a knight
(4) Liam is a knave

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Chloe is a knave or Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight or Evelyn is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Victoria, Daniel, Lily, and Michael. Victoria expressed that If Lily is a knave then Daniel is a knight. Daniel was heard saying, "Michael is a knight or Lily is a knave". Lily noted, "Daniel is not a knight". "Victoria is not a knave," Michael claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Lily is a knave, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Victoria is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Lily is a knave
(4) Michael is a knight

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Daniel is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight or Lily is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Michael is a knight or Lily is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Victoria is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael and Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight or Lily is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Logan, Jackson, Michael, and Daniel. In Logan's words: "If Jackson is a knave then Jackson is a knight". Jackson was heard saying, "Michael is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight". Michael noted, "If Logan is a knave then Daniel is a knight". According to Daniel, "Logan is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Michael is a knight, and Daniel is a knight.

(1) Logan is a knave
(2) Jackson is a knave
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knight

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that If Jackson is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jackson is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that If Jackson is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Logan, Sebastian, Elizabeth, and Daniel. Logan said that If Daniel is a knave then Logan is a knight. Sebastian was heard saying, "Logan is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight". Elizabeth was heard saying, "Logan is not a knight". Daniel was heard saying, "Elizabeth is a knight or Logan is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, and Daniel is a knight.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knave
(3) Elizabeth is a knave
(4) Daniel is a knight

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Logan is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Logan is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is not a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

(('->', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Aria, Chloe, Jacob, and Penelope. Aria expressed that Chloe is a knave and Jacob is a knight. Chloe stated, "Aria is not a knave". According to Jacob, "If Chloe is a knave then Chloe is a knight". Penelope remarked, "Chloe is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Jacob is a knave, and Penelope is a knave.

(1) Aria is a knave
(2) Chloe is a knave
(3) Jacob is a knave
(4) Penelope is a knave

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Chloe is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aria is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is not a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that Chloe is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Chloe is a knave then Chloe is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sebastian, Noah, Riley, and Daniel. Sebastian said, "Riley is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight." Noah noted, "Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave". Riley said, "If Sebastian is a knave then Daniel is a knight." "If Sebastian is a knight then Riley is a knight," Daniel mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian is a knave, Noah is a knight, Riley is a knight, and Daniel is a knight.

(1) Sebastian is a knave
(2) Noah is a knight
(3) Riley is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knight

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Riley is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Daniel, James, Luke, and Samuel. "Luke is a knight or James is a knight" - Daniel. James expressed that Daniel is a knight and Luke is a knave. Luke said, "James is not a knave." As Samuel put it, "If Daniel is a knave then Luke is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knave, James is a knave, Luke is a knave, and Samuel is a knave.

(1) Daniel is a knave
(2) James is a knave
(3) Luke is a knave
(4) Samuel is a knave

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight or James is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knight and Luke is a knave.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that James is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that James is not a knave.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Luke is a knight or James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James and Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight or James is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Luke is a knight or James is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Luke is a knight or James is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Daniel is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Daniel is a knave then Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Scarlett, Victoria, Aurora, and Abigail. According to Scarlett, "Abigail is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave". Victoria said that Aurora is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave. Aurora said, "Victoria is a knave and Victoria is a knight." Abigail said that If Scarlett is a knave then Aurora is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett is a knave, Victoria is a knave, Aurora is a knave, and Abigail is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Victoria is a knave
(3) Aurora is a knave
(4) Abigail is a knave

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that If Scarlett is a knave then Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Charlotte, Luke, Ethan, and Joseph. Charlotte asserted: "Joseph is a knave". "Ethan is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight," Luke mentioned. Ethan was heard saying, "Charlotte is a knave". In Joseph's words: "Luke is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knight, Luke is a knave, Ethan is a knave, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Luke is a knave
(3) Ethan is a knave
(4) Joseph is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Luke is not a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Ethan is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Harper, Sofia, Aria, and Luke. "Aria is a knave," Harper mentioned. In Sofia's words: "Aria is not a knave". Aria stated, "Luke is a knave". "Sofia is a knight or Sofia is a knave," Luke declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Aria is a knave, and Luke is a knight.

(1) Harper is a knight
(2) Sofia is a knave
(3) Aria is a knave
(4) Luke is a knight

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Aria is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is not a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Alexander, Olivia, Avery, and Mia. In Alexander's words: "If Mia is a knave then Avery is a knave". "Alexander is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight," Olivia claimed. As Avery put it, "Avery is a knight". Mia expressed that Alexander is a knave and Olivia is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Avery is a knave, and Mia is a knave.

(1) Alexander is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Avery is a knave
(4) Mia is a knave

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Avery is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that If Mia is a knave then Avery is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Lucas, Jacob, Alexander, and Emma. Lucas told you that Alexander is a knight or Lucas is a knight. According to Jacob, "Emma is not a knight". Alexander noted, "Emma is a knave and Lucas is a knight". Emma was heard saying, "Alexander is a knight and Lucas is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knave, Jacob is a knight, Alexander is a knave, and Emma is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knave
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Alexander is a knave
(4) Emma is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave and Lucas is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Emma is a knave and Lucas is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Alexander is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave and Lucas is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Emma is a knave and Lucas is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma and Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Alexander is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knight.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Owen, James, Victoria, and Elizabeth. In a statement by Owen: "James is a knight". James was heard saying, "Victoria is not a knave". In Victoria's words: "Elizabeth is a knight and James is a knave". Elizabeth stated, "Owen is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen is a knave, James is a knave, Victoria is a knave, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Owen is a knave
(2) James is a knave
(3) Victoria is a knave
(4) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight and James is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Victoria is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that James is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight and James is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Elizabeth is a knight and James is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 1), ('not', ('lying', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 1)), ('telling-truth', 0))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: David, Riley, James, and Lily. As David put it, "Riley is a knight if and only if Lily is a knave". Riley commented, "Riley is a knight if and only if James is a knave". In James's words: "Lily is a knave or David is a knave". Lily said that Lily is a knight or Riley is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knight, Riley is a knave, James is a knave, and Lily is a knight.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Riley is a knave
(3) James is a knave
(4) Lily is a knight

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Lily is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Riley is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave or David is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Riley is a knight if and only if Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Lily is a knave or David is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily and James, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Riley is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight or Riley is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Daniel, Zoey, Alexander, and Abigail. "Zoey is a knight," Daniel claimed. Zoey said that Daniel is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knight. Alexander expressed that Abigail is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave. In Abigail's words: "Alexander is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Alexander is a knave, and Abigail is a knight.

(1) Daniel is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Alexander is a knave
(4) Abigail is a knight

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Lily, Aria, Scarlett, and Lucas. Lily was heard saying, "Scarlett is a knight and Scarlett is a knave". Aria expressed that Lucas is a knave or Scarlett is a knight. Scarlett was heard saying, "If Aria is a knave then Scarlett is a knight". In a statement by Lucas: "Aria is a knight or Lily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knave, Aria is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, and Lucas is a knight.

(1) Lily is a knave
(2) Aria is a knight
(3) Scarlett is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knight

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knave then Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight or Lily is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Logan, Evelyn, Matthew, and Sebastian. Logan noted, "Evelyn is a knight or Logan is a knight". Evelyn was heard saying, "Sebastian is a knight or Matthew is a knave". Matthew remarked, "Sebastian is a knave or Logan is a knave". "Logan is a knave and Matthew is a knight," Sebastian claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Matthew is a knight, and Sebastian is a knave.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Evelyn is a knave
(3) Matthew is a knight
(4) Sebastian is a knave

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight or Logan is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Matthew is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knave and Matthew is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave and Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Sebastian is a knight or Matthew is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sebastian is a knave or Logan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew and Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight or Matthew is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Sebastian is a knight or Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave or Logan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: James, Evelyn, Lucas, and Michael. In James's words: "Evelyn is a knight". Evelyn asserted: "Lucas is a knight if and only if James is a knight". Lucas expressed that James is not a knight. Michael said that Michael is a knight or Lucas is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, Lucas is a knight, and Michael is a knight.

(1) James is a knave
(2) Evelyn is a knave
(3) Lucas is a knight
(4) Michael is a knight

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if James is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is not a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Lucas is a knight if and only if James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if James is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 1), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Victoria, Sofia, Harper, and Henry. "Harper is a knave and Victoria is a knight" - Victoria. In a statement by Sofia: "Victoria is a knight or Harper is a knave". Harper noted, "Victoria is not a knave". "Harper is a knave and Sofia is a knave," Henry mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Harper is a knave, and Henry is a knave.

(1) Victoria is a knave
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Harper is a knave
(4) Henry is a knave

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Harper is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Victoria is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight or Harper is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave and Sofia is a knave.