A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Logan, Ella, William, and Daniel. Logan expressed that Daniel is a knave or Ella is a knave. "William is a knave if and only if William is a knight," Ella declared. In a statement by William: "Ella is not a knight". As Daniel put it, "William is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knight, Ella is a knave, William is a knight, and Daniel is a knave.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Ella is a knave
(3) William is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knave

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or Ella is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is not a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that William is not a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Daniel is a knave or Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Ella is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and William, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave if and only if William is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave if and only if William is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Benjamin, Zoey, Avery, and Charlotte. Benjamin was heard saying, "Avery is a knave or Charlotte is a knave". Zoey commented, "If Charlotte is a knight then Benjamin is a knave". As Avery put it, "Avery is a knight and Zoey is a knave". Charlotte said that Charlotte is a knight and Avery is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Avery is a knave, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Avery is a knave
(4) Charlotte is a knave

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave or Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Avery is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Avery is a knave or Charlotte is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that If Charlotte is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that If Charlotte is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Avery is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Ella, William, Aiden, and Olivia. Ella remarked, "William is a knight if and only if William is a knave". "If Aiden is a knight then Olivia is a knight," William declared. Aiden said, "Ella is a knight." Olivia asserted: "William is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella is a knave, William is a knight, Aiden is a knave, and Olivia is a knave.

(1) Ella is a knave
(2) William is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knave
(4) Olivia is a knave

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Evelyn, Zoey, Isabella, and James. Evelyn stated, "James is not a knave". In Zoey's words: "If Evelyn is a knave then Evelyn is a knight". Isabella said that Zoey is a knave. According to James, "Zoey is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knave, Zoey is a knave, Isabella is a knight, and James is a knave.

(1) Evelyn is a knave
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) James is a knave

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Zoey is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Evelyn is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that James is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that James is not a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Evelyn is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Evelyn is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jack, Isabella, Ella, and Emma. Jack noted, "Isabella is a knave or Emma is a knave". Isabella remarked, "Ella is not a knave". According to Ella, "Isabella is a knave or Emma is a knight". "Emma is a knight," Emma declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Ella is a knight, and Emma is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) Emma is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave or Emma is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Isabella is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Isabella is a knave or Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Ella is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Isabella that Ella is not a knave.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Isabella is a knave or Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Charlotte, Elizabeth, Ethan, and Aiden. According to Charlotte, "Aiden is a knave". Elizabeth commented, "Aiden is a knight or Ethan is a knave". "If Aiden is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight," Ethan mentioned. In a statement by Aiden: "Elizabeth is a knight or Charlotte is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, Ethan is a knight, and Aiden is a knight.

(1) Charlotte is a knave
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Ethan is a knight
(4) Aiden is a knight

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Aiden is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Elizabeth is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight or Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Aiden is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Aiden is a knight or Ethan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, Elizabeth, and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sofia, James, Sebastian, and Avery. Sofia was heard saying, "Avery is not a knight". James expressed that Sofia is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight. "James is not a knave," Sebastian declared. Avery said, "James is a knight and James is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia is a knight, James is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, and Avery is a knave.

(1) Sofia is a knight
(2) James is a knave
(3) Sebastian is a knave
(4) Avery is a knave

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is not a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Avery is not a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight and James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sebastian, Lucas, Daniel, and Noah. Sebastian expressed that Noah is not a knight. Lucas expressed that Daniel is a knave. "Noah is a knave," Daniel mentioned. Noah remarked, "Daniel is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Daniel is a knight, and Noah is a knave.

(1) Sebastian is a knight
(2) Lucas is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knight
(4) Noah is a knave

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is not a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Noah is not a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: James, Jack, Henry, and Lucas. James stated, "Henry is a knave and Jack is a knave". Jack said that Jack is a knight. As Henry put it, "Lucas is a knave or Jack is a knight". Lucas said, "Henry is not a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James is a knave, Jack is a knight, Henry is a knight, and Lucas is a knight.

(1) James is a knave
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Henry is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knight

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Henry is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is not a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Lucas is a knave or Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Noah, Oliver, Henry, and Abigail. Noah expressed that Oliver is not a knight. Oliver was heard saying, "Oliver is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave". Henry noted, "Abigail is a knight and Noah is a knave". Abigail stated, "Oliver is a knave or Henry is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Henry is a knave, and Abigail is a knight.

(1) Noah is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knave
(3) Henry is a knave
(4) Abigail is a knight

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Oliver is not a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Oliver is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight and Noah is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave or Henry is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Ava, Elizabeth, Avery, and Luke. Ava told you that Elizabeth is a knight and Avery is a knave. Elizabeth expressed that Luke is a knight and Luke is a knave. As Avery put it, "Elizabeth is not a knight". In a statement by Luke: "Avery is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Avery is a knight, and Luke is a knight.

(1) Ava is a knave
(2) Elizabeth is a knave
(3) Avery is a knight
(4) Luke is a knight

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight and Avery is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Elizabeth is a knight and Avery is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight and Avery is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is not a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Liam, Joseph, Ava, and Charlotte. Liam said that Charlotte is a knight and Liam is a knight. As Joseph put it, "Ava is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave". Ava said, "Charlotte is a knave or Joseph is a knave." As Charlotte put it, "Ava is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Ava is a knight, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) Liam is a knave
(2) Joseph is a knave
(3) Ava is a knight
(4) Charlotte is a knave

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight and Liam is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that Charlotte is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph and Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Charlotte is a knight and Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Liam is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Aurora, Elizabeth, Grace, and Daniel. "Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave" - Aurora. "Grace is a knight and Grace is a knave," Elizabeth declared. "Daniel is a knave or Grace is a knight," Grace mentioned. In Daniel's words: "Aurora is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, Grace is a knight, and Daniel is a knight.

(1) Aurora is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knave
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knight

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or Grace is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Scarlett, Sophia, Logan, and Victoria. According to Scarlett, "Victoria is a knave". Sophia remarked, "Scarlett is a knight". "Sophia is a knight" - Logan. In a statement by Victoria: "Logan is a knave or Logan is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Logan is a knave, and Victoria is a knight.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knave
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knight

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knave or Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave or Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight.

(('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 1), ('or', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Aurora, David, Owen, and Mia. Aurora said that David is a knight or Mia is a knight. David noted, "Mia is a knight or Aurora is a knight". In a statement by Owen: "If Aurora is a knave then Aurora is a knight". Mia asserted: "David is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora is a knight, David is a knight, Owen is a knight, and Mia is a knight.

(1) Aurora is a knight
(2) David is a knight
(3) Owen is a knight
(4) Mia is a knight

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or Mia is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Aurora is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knave then Aurora is a knight.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('->', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Zoey, Oliver, Lily, and Avery. "Avery is not a knave," Zoey declared. Oliver noted, "Lily is a knave or Oliver is a knight". Lily remarked, "Oliver is a knave and Avery is a knave". Avery said, "If Lily is a knight then Oliver is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Zoey is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Lily is a knave, and Avery is a knight.

(1) Zoey is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knight
(3) Lily is a knave
(4) Avery is a knight

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is not a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knight then Oliver is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave or Oliver is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Luke, David, Ava, and James. Luke asserted: "If David is a knight then Ava is a knave". In David's words: "Luke is a knight and Luke is a knave". As Ava put it, "James is a knight". According to James, "Luke is a knave or David is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke is a knight, David is a knave, Ava is a knight, and James is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) David is a knave
(3) Ava is a knight
(4) James is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knight then Ava is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave or David is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Isabella, Jacob, Aiden, and Chloe. As Isabella put it, "Chloe is a knave and Jacob is a knight". In a statement by Jacob: "Chloe is a knight or Chloe is a knave". Aiden was heard saying, "Jacob is not a knight". Chloe said that If Aiden is a knight then Jacob is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella is a knave, Jacob is a knight, Aiden is a knave, and Chloe is a knight.

(1) Isabella is a knave
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knave
(4) Chloe is a knight

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Chloe is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aiden is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is not a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Jacob is not a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Chloe is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that If Aiden is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Chloe is a knight or Chloe is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is not a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or Chloe is a knave.

(('and', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jackson, Aria, Matthew, and Emma. Jackson was heard saying, "Matthew is a knave". According to Aria, "Matthew is a knave and Emma is a knave". Matthew remarked, "Jackson is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight". In Emma's words: "Matthew is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson is a knight, Aria is a knight, Matthew is a knave, and Emma is a knave.

(1) Jackson is a knight
(2) Aria is a knight
(3) Matthew is a knave
(4) Emma is a knave

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave and Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Matthew is a knave and Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Mason, Harper, Joseph, and Scarlett. Mason said, "Scarlett is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight." As Harper put it, "Scarlett is not a knight". "Mason is not a knight," Joseph mentioned. Scarlett said that Joseph is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason is a knight, Harper is a knave, Joseph is a knave, and Scarlett is a knight.

(1) Mason is a knight
(2) Harper is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knave
(4) Scarlett is a knight

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Noah, Aria, Daniel, and Isabella. In a statement by Noah: "If Noah is a knight then Aria is a knave". In a statement by Aria: "Daniel is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave". Daniel said, "If Noah is a knight then Noah is a knave." According to Isabella, "Aria is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah is a knight, Aria is a knave, Daniel is a knave, and Isabella is a knave.

(1) Noah is a knight
(2) Aria is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knave
(4) Isabella is a knave

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knight then Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that If Noah is a knight then Aria is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Noah is a knight then Noah is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Noah is a knight then Noah is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Ella, Charlotte, Aiden, and David. In a statement by Ella: "Charlotte is not a knight". Charlotte said, "David is a knight and Ella is a knight." Aiden said, "David is not a knave." David stated, "Aiden is a knight and David is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Aiden is a knave, and David is a knave.

(1) Ella is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) Aiden is a knave
(4) David is a knave

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and Ella is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that David is a knight and Ella is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight and David is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is not a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is not a knave.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('not', ('lying', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: William, Emma, Mason, and Liam. As William put it, "Mason is a knight or Liam is a knight". Emma expressed that If Liam is a knave then William is a knight. In a statement by Mason: "William is not a knight". "William is a knight," Liam claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knight, Emma is a knight, Mason is a knave, and Liam is a knight.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Liam is a knight

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight or Liam is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is not a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knave then William is a knight.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('->', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 0))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: James, Scarlett, Harper, and Emma. James commented, "Harper is a knave". Scarlett asserted: "Emma is not a knight". Harper asserted: "James is a knave or James is a knight". Emma said that James is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Harper is a knight, and Emma is a knight.

(1) James is a knave
(2) Scarlett is a knave
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Emma is a knight

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Harper is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knave or James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or James is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Emma is not a knight.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Benjamin, Olivia, Liam, and Joseph. Benjamin remarked, "Benjamin is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave". "Liam is a knight and Benjamin is a knave," Olivia mentioned. "Joseph is a knave," Liam mentioned. In a statement by Joseph: "Benjamin is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Liam is a knave, and Joseph is a knight.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knave
(3) Liam is a knave
(4) Joseph is a knight

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knight and Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight and Benjamin is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Chloe, Henry, Emma, and Jack. Chloe was heard saying, "If Jack is a knave then Emma is a knight". As Henry put it, "If Chloe is a knight then Emma is a knave". "Henry is a knave or Henry is a knight," Emma declared. Jack noted, "Chloe is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knight, Henry is a knave, Emma is a knight, and Jack is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Henry is a knave
(3) Emma is a knight
(4) Jack is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Emma is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Chloe is a knight then Emma is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Chloe is a knight then Emma is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sofia, Scarlett, Victoria, and Jacob. "Scarlett is a knight or Jacob is a knave," Sofia declared. "If Sofia is a knave then Victoria is a knave," Scarlett declared. "Sofia is a knave" - Victoria. "Victoria is a knave," Jacob claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Victoria is a knave, and Jacob is a knight.

(1) Sofia is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knave
(4) Jacob is a knight

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight or Jacob is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knave then Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Logan, Sofia, Noah, and Ella. Logan stated, "Sofia is a knave and Noah is a knave". Sofia told you that Logan is a knave or Sofia is a knight. "Logan is a knave or Sofia is a knave," Noah claimed. "Noah is a knave," Ella claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Noah is a knight, and Ella is a knave.

(1) Logan is a knave
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Noah is a knight
(4) Ella is a knave

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave and Noah is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Sofia is a knave and Noah is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave or Sofia is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Sofia is a knave and Noah is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knave or Sofia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave and Noah is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave or Sofia is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave or Sofia is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Daniel, Isabella, Luke, and Emily. Daniel asserted: "Luke is a knave and Luke is a knight". Isabella told you that Luke is not a knight. According to Luke, "Luke is a knight or Isabella is a knight". Emily commented, "Luke is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Luke is a knight, and Emily is a knave.

(1) Daniel is a knave
(2) Isabella is a knave
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Emily is a knave

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knave and Luke is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave and Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight or Isabella is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is not a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

(('and', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Ethan, Michael, Ava, and Jack. "If Jack is a knight then Ava is a knave" - Ethan. According to Michael, "Ava is a knave or Jack is a knight". Ava said that Michael is a knight and Michael is a knave. "Michael is a knave and Jack is a knight" - Jack. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan is a knight, Michael is a knight, Ava is a knave, and Jack is a knave.

(1) Ethan is a knight
(2) Michael is a knight
(3) Ava is a knave
(4) Jack is a knave

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Michael is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ava is a knave or Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Ava is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight and Michael is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jack, Abigail, Luke, and Benjamin. Jack commented, "Abigail is a knight or Benjamin is a knave". Abigail said that Benjamin is not a knave. Luke told you that If Benjamin is a knave then Abigail is a knight. In a statement by Benjamin: "If Jack is a knave then Jack is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Luke is a knight, and Benjamin is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Benjamin is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight or Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Jack is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Abigail is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Chloe, Michael, Zoey, and Joseph. Chloe said that Michael is a knave. "If Michael is a knight then Joseph is a knight," Michael declared. As Zoey put it, "Michael is a knight or Chloe is a knight". "Chloe is a knave," Joseph declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knave, Michael is a knight, Zoey is a knight, and Joseph is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knave
(2) Michael is a knight
(3) Zoey is a knight
(4) Joseph is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Michael is a knight then Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knight then Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

(('lying', 1), ('->', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('lying', 0))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Amelia, Riley, Victoria, and Elizabeth. Amelia told you that Elizabeth is a knight. Riley remarked, "Elizabeth is not a knight". Victoria stated, "Elizabeth is a knight or Elizabeth is a knave". "Amelia is a knave and Amelia is a knight," Elizabeth claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia is a knave, Riley is a knight, Victoria is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Amelia is a knave
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Elizabeth is a knave.

(('telling-truth', 3), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 3)), ('and', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jack, Emma, Abigail, and Aurora. According to Jack, "Emma is a knight and Aurora is a knight". "Aurora is a knight" - Emma. As Abigail put it, "Emma is a knave and Abigail is a knight". Aurora said that Emma is a knave and Abigail is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knave, Emma is a knave, Abigail is a knight, and Aurora is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Emma is a knave
(3) Abigail is a knight
(4) Aurora is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knave and Abigail is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Emma is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Emma is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Emma is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Aurora is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave and Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave and Abigail is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('and', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('lying', 1), ('lying', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jackson, Isabella, Olivia, and Mia. Jackson asserted: "Isabella is a knave or Olivia is a knight". According to Isabella, "Jackson is a knave or Mia is a knight". "If Olivia is a knight then Mia is a knight," Olivia declared. Mia told you that Mia is a knight and Jackson is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Olivia is a knight, and Mia is a knight.

(1) Jackson is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Olivia is a knight
(4) Mia is a knight

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave or Olivia is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave or Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knight then Mia is a knight.

(('or', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Logan, Zoey, Henry, and Owen. Logan remarked, "Zoey is a knight and Henry is a knave". "If Logan is a knight then Henry is a knave" - Zoey. Henry remarked, "Owen is a knight and Owen is a knave". Owen expressed that Henry is a knave or Logan is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Henry is a knave, and Owen is a knight.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Henry is a knave
(4) Owen is a knight

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight and Henry is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Zoey is a knight and Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave or Logan is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Sophia, Jackson, Aurora, and Michael. In a statement by Sophia: "Aurora is not a knave". Jackson commented, "Michael is a knave or Sophia is a knight". "If Michael is a knave then Sophia is a knight," Aurora mentioned. "If Aurora is a knight then Jackson is a knave," Michael claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Aurora is a knight, and Michael is a knave.

(1) Sophia is a knight
(2) Jackson is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knight
(4) Michael is a knave

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is not a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knave then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knight then Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that If Aurora is a knight then Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Michael is a knave or Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aurora is a knight then Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Sophia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Aiden, Amelia, Olivia, and Daniel. In Aiden's words: "If Amelia is a knight then Olivia is a knight". Amelia told you that Aiden is a knight and Olivia is a knight. "If Daniel is a knave then Daniel is a knight," Olivia declared. Daniel commented, "Olivia is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Olivia is a knight, and Daniel is a knight.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Amelia is a knight
(3) Olivia is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knight

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight and Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knight.

(('->', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('->', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Alexander, Aria, Samuel, and Logan. Alexander commented, "If Aria is a knave then Samuel is a knight". Aria expressed that Alexander is a knave and Aria is a knight. Samuel stated, "Aria is a knight and Logan is a knight". "Samuel is not a knight," Logan mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander is a knave, Aria is a knave, Samuel is a knave, and Logan is a knight.

(1) Alexander is a knave
(2) Aria is a knave
(3) Samuel is a knave
(4) Logan is a knight

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that If Aria is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aria is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that If Aria is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that If Aria is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knight.

(('->', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Emma, Sebastian, Alexander, and Jackson. Emma stated, "If Alexander is a knight then Sebastian is a knight". "Jackson is a knight," Sebastian mentioned. Alexander asserted: "Jackson is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight". According to Jackson, "Alexander is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Alexander is a knight, and Jackson is a knight.

(1) Emma is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Alexander is a knight
(4) Jackson is a knight

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight.

(('->', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('lying', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Logan, Amelia, Ava, and Lucas. Logan said, "Ava is a knight or Amelia is a knight." "If Lucas is a knight then Logan is a knight," Amelia claimed. As Ava put it, "Lucas is a knave". Lucas was heard saying, "Ava is a knight if and only if Lucas is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Ava is a knight, and Lucas is a knave.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Amelia is a knight
(3) Ava is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knave

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight or Amelia is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight if and only if Lucas is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knight then Logan is a knight.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('lying', 3), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Lucas, Ava, Grace, and Liam. Lucas was heard saying, "If Grace is a knight then Ava is a knight". Ava remarked, "Grace is not a knight". "Ava is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knave," Grace mentioned. In a statement by Liam: "Grace is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knave, Ava is a knave, Grace is a knight, and Liam is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knave
(2) Ava is a knave
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Liam is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knight then Ava is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is not a knight.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that If Grace is a knight then Ava is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Ava is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Grace is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Grace is a knight then Ava is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that If Grace is a knight then Ava is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is not a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Jack, Isabella, William, and Aurora. In a statement by Jack: "Isabella is a knight and Aurora is a knight". In Isabella's words: "Aurora is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight". William told you that Aurora is not a knave. According to Aurora, "If Aurora is a knight then Jack is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knave, Isabella is a knave, William is a knight, and Aurora is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Isabella is a knave
(3) William is a knight
(4) Aurora is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Aurora is a knight then Jack is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Isabella is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Isabella is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Isabella is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Aurora is a knight then Jack is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knight then Jack is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 4 inhabitants: Alexander, Aurora, Ella, and Harper. Alexander said that Harper is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave. "Harper is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave," Aurora declared. "Harper is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knave" - Ella. As Harper put it, "Aurora is a knight or Alexander is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Ella is a knight, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Alexander is a knight
(2) Aurora is a knave
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) Harper is a knave

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Aurora is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knave.