A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emma, Liam, Lily, Chloe, and Zoey. In Emma's words: "Liam is a knave and Chloe is a knave". Liam said that Zoey is a knight. Lily commented, "Zoey is not a knave". According to Chloe, "Liam is not a knave". "If Zoey is a knight then Liam is a knight," Zoey claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knave, Liam is a knight, Lily is a knight, Chloe is a knight, and Zoey is a knight.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Liam is a knight
(3) Lily is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knight
(5) Zoey is a knight

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave and Chloe is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Liam is a knave and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Zoey is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Zoey is a knight then Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey and Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Liam is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Aurora, Zoey, Olivia, and Noah. Emily was heard saying, "If Aurora is a knave then Olivia is a knight". Aurora said that Olivia is not a knight. In a statement by Zoey: "Aurora is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight". Olivia said, "Emily is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave." Noah stated, "Aurora is a knight or Zoey is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Olivia is a knave, and Noah is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Aurora is a knight
(3) Zoey is a knight
(4) Olivia is a knave
(5) Noah is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knave then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is not a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Olivia is not a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight or Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Oliver, Isabella, Olivia, and Sebastian. In a statement by Emily: "Olivia is a knave". Oliver said, "Isabella is a knave." Isabella expressed that Emily is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave. Olivia noted, "Oliver is a knight". "If Sebastian is a knight then Oliver is a knave," Sebastian mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Olivia is a knave, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knave
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) Olivia is a knave
(5) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Olivia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Oliver is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sophia, Emily, Ava, David, and Jackson. Sophia asserted: "Ava is a knight and Sophia is a knight". Emily noted, "Sophia is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave". According to Ava, "Emily is a knight or Sophia is a knight". David expressed that Sophia is a knave and Jackson is a knight. Jackson was heard saying, "Emily is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia is a knight, Emily is a knight, Ava is a knight, David is a knave, and Jackson is a knave.

(1) Sophia is a knight
(2) Emily is a knight
(3) Ava is a knight
(4) David is a knave
(5) Jackson is a knave

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight or Sophia is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Logan, Abigail, Liam, Henry, and Noah. Logan stated, "Noah is not a knave". Abigail commented, "If Logan is a knight then Henry is a knight". Liam expressed that If Henry is a knight then Abigail is a knight. In Henry's words: "Liam is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave". "If Liam is a knight then Noah is a knight" - Noah. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Liam is a knight, Henry is a knave, and Noah is a knave.

(1) Logan is a knave
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Liam is a knight
(4) Henry is a knave
(5) Noah is a knave

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is not a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knight then Noah is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Liam is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Logan is a knight then Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Logan is a knight then Henry is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Liam is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Henry is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that If Henry is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that If Henry is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry and Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Noah is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is not a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Noah is not a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Liam is a knight then Noah is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knight then Henry is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ava, Isabella, Zoey, Lily, and Emma. "Ava is a knight or Lily is a knight," Ava mentioned. "Lily is a knave," Isabella declared. Zoey told you that Isabella is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave. Lily was heard saying, "Ava is a knight or Emma is a knight". "Zoey is a knight," Emma mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava is a knight, Isabella is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Lily is a knight, and Emma is a knight.

(1) Ava is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knave
(3) Zoey is a knight
(4) Lily is a knight
(5) Emma is a knight

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight or Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight or Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('lying', 3), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('telling-truth', 2))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: William, Ava, Aiden, Alexander, and Luke. William expressed that If Alexander is a knave then William is a knight. Ava expressed that If Alexander is a knight then Alexander is a knave. Aiden commented, "Ava is a knave or William is a knight". As Alexander put it, "Aiden is a knave". "Aiden is a knight," Luke mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knight, Ava is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Alexander is a knave, and Luke is a knight.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knave
(5) Luke is a knight

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then William is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Aiden is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ava is a knave or William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave or William is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Alexander is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jackson, Luke, Emily, Jacob, and Aurora. Jackson remarked, "Emily is a knight or Luke is a knave". Luke was heard saying, "Aurora is a knight and Aurora is a knave". In a statement by Emily: "If Jacob is a knight then Luke is a knave". Jacob stated, "If Emily is a knight then Jackson is a knight". Aurora said, "Jackson is a knight or Emily is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson is a knight, Luke is a knave, Emily is a knight, Jacob is a knight, and Aurora is a knight.

(1) Jackson is a knight
(2) Luke is a knave
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) Jacob is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knight

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight or Luke is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jacob is a knight then Luke is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Jackson is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight or Emily is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lucas, Sebastian, Samuel, Amelia, and Ethan. Lucas was heard saying, "Ethan is not a knave". Sebastian told you that Ethan is a knight and Sebastian is a knight. Samuel stated, "If Samuel is a knight then Sebastian is a knave". In Amelia's words: "Ethan is not a knave". "Sebastian is a knave," Ethan mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Amelia is a knight, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knave
(3) Samuel is a knight
(4) Amelia is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight and Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Amelia, Ava, Charlotte, Ella, and Sebastian. Amelia was heard saying, "Sebastian is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave". Ava noted, "Ava is a knight or Charlotte is a knave". Charlotte stated, "Sebastian is not a knight". "Amelia is a knave and Ava is a knight," Ella claimed. Sebastian said, "If Ella is a knight then Ava is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia is a knave, Ava is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Ella is a knight, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Amelia is a knave
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Ella is a knight
(5) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then Ava is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave and Ava is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and Ava is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is not a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, Ava, and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ella is a knight then Ava is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that If Ella is a knight then Ava is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave and Ava is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jackson, Elizabeth, Sebastian, William, and Lucas. Jackson expressed that William is not a knave. Elizabeth noted, "William is a knight or Jackson is a knight". Sebastian expressed that Jackson is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave. In William's words: "Lucas is a knave and Jackson is a knight". In Lucas's words: "William is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson Elizabeth Sebastian William Lucas

Jackson is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, William is a knave, and Lucas is a knave.

(1) Jackson is a knave
(2) Elizabeth is a knave
(3) Sebastian is a knave
(4) William is a knave
(5) Lucas is a knave

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is not a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Lucas is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that William is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that William is a knight or Jackson is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth and Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider William.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that William is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that William is not a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knight or Jackson is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight or Jackson is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

(('not', ('lying', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 1)), ('and', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Isabella, Sophia, Samuel, and Amelia. As Emily put it, "Samuel is a knave or Isabella is a knave". "Samuel is not a knave," Isabella mentioned. Sophia said that Emily is a knave and Amelia is a knave. In a statement by Samuel: "If Samuel is a knight then Amelia is a knave". According to Amelia, "If Emily is a knave then Emily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Amelia is a knave.

(1) Emily is a knave
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Sophia is a knight
(4) Samuel is a knight
(5) Amelia is a knave

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave or Isabella is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knight then Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that If Samuel is a knight then Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Emily is a knave then Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Samuel is a knight then Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave or Isabella is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emily is a knave then Emily is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave and Amelia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Olivia, Isabella, Noah, Chloe, and Avery. Olivia said that Chloe is a knave. In a statement by Isabella: "Noah is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave". Noah said, "Avery is not a knave." As Chloe put it, "Isabella is a knave and Noah is a knave". In Avery's words: "Olivia is a knave or Chloe is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia is a knight, Isabella is a knave, Noah is a knight, Chloe is a knave, and Avery is a knight.

(1) Olivia is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knave
(3) Noah is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Avery is a knight

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave and Noah is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is not a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Noah is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Avery is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is not a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Avery is not a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Noah is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery and Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave or Chloe is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Oliver, Mason, Alexander, Isabella, and Riley. Oliver said, "Riley is a knave." "Alexander is not a knight," Mason mentioned. "Riley is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave," Alexander claimed. Isabella asserted: "Oliver is a knave". In a statement by Riley: "Oliver is a knight and Oliver is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver is a knight, Mason is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Isabella is a knave, and Riley is a knave.

(1) Oliver is a knight
(2) Mason is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knight
(4) Isabella is a knave
(5) Riley is a knave

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight and Oliver is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Riley is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella and Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Riley is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Scarlett, Luke, Chloe, Grace, and Jack. Scarlett said that Chloe is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight. Luke said that If Luke is a knight then Grace is a knight. Chloe remarked, "Luke is a knight or Grace is a knight". In a statement by Grace: "Jack is a knight or Grace is a knight". As Jack put it, "Luke is a knave and Grace is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett is a knave, Luke is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Grace is a knight, and Jack is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Luke is a knight
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Jack is a knave

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight or Grace is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight or Grace is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knave and Grace is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave and Grace is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sebastian, Matthew, Olivia, Mason, and Benjamin. Sebastian said, "If Matthew is a knight then Olivia is a knight." "Mason is a knave or Benjamin is a knave," Matthew claimed. In a statement by Olivia: "Sebastian is a knight or Benjamin is a knave". Mason commented, "Sebastian is a knave". "Olivia is a knight or Olivia is a knave," Benjamin mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Mason is a knave, and Benjamin is a knight.

(1) Sebastian is a knight
(2) Matthew is a knight
(3) Olivia is a knight
(4) Mason is a knave
(5) Benjamin is a knight

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave or Benjamin is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight or Olivia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Benjamin is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Luke, Olivia, Aria, Henry, and Amelia. "Henry is a knight and Olivia is a knight," Luke claimed. "Amelia is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave" - Olivia. In Aria's words: "Luke is a knave if and only if Henry is a knave". Henry told you that If Luke is a knight then Aria is a knight. Amelia noted, "Aria is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Aria is a knight, Henry is a knight, and Amelia is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Aria is a knight
(4) Henry is a knight
(5) Amelia is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight and Olivia is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Henry is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ethan, Mason, William, Joseph, and Amelia. As Ethan put it, "If Joseph is a knave then Mason is a knave". "Ethan is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave," Mason mentioned. "Amelia is a knight if and only if William is a knight," William declared. "William is not a knave," Joseph mentioned. In Amelia's words: "Ethan is a knight and Joseph is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan is a knight, Mason is a knave, William is a knave, Joseph is a knave, and Amelia is a knight.

(1) Ethan is a knight
(2) Mason is a knave
(3) William is a knave
(4) Joseph is a knave
(5) Amelia is a knight

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knave then Mason is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is not a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if William is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that Amelia is a knight if and only if William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider William.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that William is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that William is not a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if William is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that If Joseph is a knave then Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mason, Oliver, Henry, Lily, and Liam. As Mason put it, "Lily is not a knave". In Oliver's words: "Lily is a knave or Liam is a knight". Henry asserted: "Liam is a knight and Mason is a knight". In a statement by Lily: "Oliver is a knave". As Liam put it, "Henry is a knave or Oliver is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Henry is a knave, Lily is a knave, and Liam is a knight.

(1) Mason is a knave
(2) Oliver is a knight
(3) Henry is a knave
(4) Lily is a knave
(5) Liam is a knight

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave or Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Lily is a knave or Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Henry is a knave or Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Lily is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is not a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Lily is not a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave or Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave or Oliver is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight and Mason is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aiden, Michael, Chloe, Alexander, and Noah. According to Aiden, "Aiden is a knight or Alexander is a knave". "Aiden is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight," Michael declared. Chloe said, "Michael is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave." In a statement by Alexander: "Chloe is a knight and Chloe is a knave". According to Noah, "Michael is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knight, Michael is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Alexander is a knave, and Noah is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Michael is a knight
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knave
(5) Noah is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Michael is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Samuel, Lily, Matthew, Isabella, and Charlotte. Samuel asserted: "Matthew is not a knight". In a statement by Lily: "Matthew is a knight and Samuel is a knight". Matthew told you that If Samuel is a knight then Isabella is a knight. Isabella was heard saying, "If Charlotte is a knave then Matthew is a knave". Charlotte said that Lily is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel is a knave, Lily is a knave, Matthew is a knight, Isabella is a knight, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Samuel is a knave
(2) Lily is a knave
(3) Matthew is a knight
(4) Isabella is a knight
(5) Charlotte is a knight

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Matthew is not a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Samuel is a knight then Isabella is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that If Samuel is a knight then Isabella is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Charlotte is a knave then Matthew is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella and Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is not a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knight then Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knave then Matthew is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight and Samuel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Joseph, Avery, Ella, Victoria, and Emily. "If Emily is a knight then Ella is a knight," Joseph mentioned. As Avery put it, "Ella is a knight and Emily is a knight". As Ella put it, "Avery is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight". "If Emily is a knight then Avery is a knave," Victoria claimed. In a statement by Emily: "Avery is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knight, Avery is a knave, Ella is a knave, Victoria is a knight, and Emily is a knave.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Avery is a knave
(3) Ella is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knight
(5) Emily is a knave

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Ella is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight and Emily is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that If Emily is a knight then Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is a knight and Emily is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight and Emily is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Avery is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Grace, Sofia, Evelyn, Oliver, and Ethan. Grace said that Sofia is a knave. Sofia remarked, "Ethan is a knight". Evelyn asserted: "Ethan is a knight". Oliver noted, "Sofia is a knight and Oliver is a knight". "Evelyn is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knave," Ethan declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Oliver is a knight, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Grace is a knave
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Evelyn is a knight
(4) Oliver is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knight

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight and Oliver is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, Evelyn, Ethan, and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight and Oliver is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Michael, Jackson, Elizabeth, Penelope, and Olivia. "Olivia is not a knight," Michael mentioned. "Elizabeth is a knight or Olivia is a knight" - Jackson. Elizabeth noted, "Elizabeth is a knight and Jackson is a knave". "If Michael is a knave then Olivia is a knight," Penelope mentioned. "Penelope is a knave or Penelope is a knight," Olivia claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael Jackson Elizabeth Penelope Olivia

Michael is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, Penelope is a knight, and Olivia is a knight.

(1) Michael is a knave
(2) Jackson is a knight
(3) Elizabeth is a knave
(4) Penelope is a knight
(5) Olivia is a knight

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is not a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Olivia is not a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Penelope is a knave or Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is not a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knave then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Olivia is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight and Jackson is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight and Jackson is a knave.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 1)), ('->', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aurora, Noah, David, Aiden, and Charlotte. According to Aurora, "Charlotte is a knave or Aiden is a knight". As Noah put it, "If David is a knave then Charlotte is a knave". David expressed that If Aurora is a knave then Aiden is a knight. "Aiden is a knight or Charlotte is a knight," Aiden declared. "Aiden is a knave if and only if David is a knight," Charlotte claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora is a knight, Noah is a knight, David is a knight, Aiden is a knight, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) Aurora is a knight
(2) Noah is a knight
(3) David is a knight
(4) Aiden is a knight
(5) Charlotte is a knave

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Aiden is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Charlotte is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Aiden is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Aurora is a knave then Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Charlotte is a knave or Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knave then Aiden is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knave then Charlotte is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sofia, Amelia, Liam, Harper, and Charlotte. In a statement by Sofia: "Sofia is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave". As Amelia put it, "Harper is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight". In a statement by Liam: "If Sofia is a knave then Sofia is a knight". As Harper put it, "Liam is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight". Charlotte expressed that If Liam is a knight then Harper is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Liam is a knight, Harper is a knave, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) Sofia is a knight
(2) Amelia is a knave
(3) Liam is a knight
(4) Harper is a knave
(5) Charlotte is a knave

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Sofia is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Harper is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Sofia is a knave then Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knave then Sofia is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Liam is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Liam is a knight then Harper is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lily, Logan, Luke, Noah, and Oliver. As Lily put it, "Logan is a knave". "Lily is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave," Logan mentioned. As Luke put it, "Logan is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave". According to Noah, "If Noah is a knight then Luke is a knight". Oliver said that If Logan is a knave then Luke is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knight, Logan is a knave, Luke is a knight, Noah is a knight, and Oliver is a knight.

(1) Lily is a knight
(2) Logan is a knave
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Noah is a knight
(5) Oliver is a knight

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knight then Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knave then Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Grace, Elizabeth, Luke, Charlotte, and Emma. Grace remarked, "If Emma is a knight then Emma is a knave". In a statement by Elizabeth: "Luke is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight". Luke commented, "Emma is not a knight". Charlotte asserted: "Charlotte is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave". "Charlotte is a knight," Emma mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Luke is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, and Emma is a knave.

(1) Grace is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Charlotte is a knave
(5) Emma is a knave

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that If Emma is a knight then Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aiden, Benjamin, Emily, David, and Owen. Aiden remarked, "Owen is a knight if and only if David is a knight". Benjamin noted, "Emily is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight". Emily remarked, "Benjamin is not a knight". David was heard saying, "Owen is a knight". "Emily is a knight or Owen is a knight," Owen claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Emily is a knave, David is a knave, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knight
(3) Emily is a knave
(4) David is a knave
(5) Owen is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight if and only if David is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight or Owen is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is not a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Benjamin is not a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emily is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Benjamin is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin and Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight or Owen is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Emily is a knight or Owen is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Owen is a knight if and only if David is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight.

(('<=>', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Logan, Isabella, Luke, Ethan, and Sophia. Logan noted, "Isabella is a knight and Luke is a knave". Isabella remarked, "Luke is a knave". As Luke put it, "If Luke is a knight then Ethan is a knight". "Luke is a knight and Sophia is a knight," Ethan claimed. Sophia noted, "Isabella is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Luke is a knight, Ethan is a knight, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) Logan is a knave
(2) Isabella is a knave
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Sophia is a knight

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Isabella is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Luke is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Isabella is a knight and Luke is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Isabella is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is not a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 2)), ('lying', 2), ('->', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Evelyn, Joseph, Sofia, Luke, and James. Evelyn remarked, "Joseph is a knave or Evelyn is a knight". Joseph commented, "If Luke is a knave then James is a knight". "Sofia is a knight or Luke is a knight," Sofia declared. Luke asserted: "Evelyn is a knave and Sofia is a knave". James was heard saying, "If Evelyn is a knight then Joseph is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knave, Joseph is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Luke is a knave, and James is a knight.

(1) Evelyn is a knave
(2) Joseph is a knight
(3) Sofia is a knight
(4) Luke is a knave
(5) James is a knight

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knave then James is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight or Luke is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Evelyn is a knight then Joseph is a knave.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that If Luke is a knave then James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight or Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, Sofia, and Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Luke is a knave then James is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that If Luke is a knave then James is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that If Luke is a knave then James is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Evelyn is a knight then Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, Sofia, Luke, and Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Evelyn is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sofia is a knight or Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knight then Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lily, Riley, William, Aria, and David. "Riley is not a knight," Lily mentioned. In Riley's words: "David is a knight". William was heard saying, "Lily is a knight". In Aria's words: "Lily is a knight if and only if William is a knight". David said that Aria is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knave, Riley is a knight, William is a knave, Aria is a knight, and David is a knight.

(1) Lily is a knave
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) William is a knave
(4) Aria is a knight
(5) David is a knight

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that David is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Aria is not a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight if and only if William is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that Lily is a knight if and only if William is a knight.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, Aria, David, and Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is not a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight if and only if William is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 0), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('lying', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jacob, Mason, Lucas, Benjamin, and Sebastian. "Lucas is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave" - Jacob. Mason asserted: "Mason is a knight or Jacob is a knave". According to Lucas, "Sebastian is a knave and Jacob is a knave". Benjamin commented, "Sebastian is not a knight". Sebastian said that Mason is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob is a knight, Mason is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Jacob is a knight
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knave
(4) Benjamin is a knave
(5) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knave and Jacob is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave and Jacob is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight or Jacob is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is not a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mia, Samuel, Amelia, Sofia, and Henry. Mia noted, "Samuel is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knave". As Samuel put it, "Amelia is a knight or Amelia is a knave". In a statement by Amelia: "Henry is a knave". Sofia noted, "Amelia is a knave and Samuel is a knight". Henry noted, "Sofia is a knight and Mia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Sofia is a knave, and Henry is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knave
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Amelia is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knave
(5) Henry is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Mia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave and Samuel is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Samuel is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight and Mia is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Henry is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Amelia is a knight or Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Samuel is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and Samuel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aurora, Daniel, Benjamin, Isabella, and Aiden. "Aiden is not a knave," Aurora claimed. Daniel was heard saying, "Isabella is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight". According to Benjamin, "If Aiden is a knight then Daniel is a knight". Isabella expressed that If Daniel is a knave then Benjamin is a knight. Aiden noted, "Daniel is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Benjamin is a knight, Isabella is a knight, and Aiden is a knave.

(1) Aurora is a knave
(2) Daniel is a knave
(3) Benjamin is a knight
(4) Isabella is a knight
(5) Aiden is a knave

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is not a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Aiden is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is not a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Aiden is not a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knight then Daniel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emma, Logan, Luke, Scarlett, and Lucas. "Lucas is a knave and Scarlett is a knave," Emma claimed. As Logan put it, "Emma is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave". "Logan is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight" - Luke. Scarlett was heard saying, "If Emma is a knight then Logan is a knight". As Lucas put it, "Emma is a knight and Scarlett is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knave, Logan is a knave, Luke is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, and Lucas is a knave.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Logan is a knave
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Scarlett is a knight
(5) Lucas is a knave

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Lucas is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Lucas is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Emma is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Logan is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Michael, Ella, Elizabeth, Jack, and Abigail. Michael noted, "Elizabeth is not a knave". In Ella's words: "Jack is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight". Elizabeth stated, "Elizabeth is a knight or Jack is a knight". Jack noted, "Ella is not a knave". In Abigail's words: "Michael is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael is a knight, Ella is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Jack is a knight, and Abigail is a knight.

(1) Michael is a knight
(2) Ella is a knight
(3) Elizabeth is a knight
(4) Jack is a knight
(5) Abigail is a knight

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight.

(('not', ('lying', 2)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('lying', 1)), ('telling-truth', 0))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: William, David, Zoey, Ava, and Sophia. William noted, "Sophia is a knave and Sophia is a knight". "Zoey is a knight" - David. Zoey stated, "Sophia is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight". Ava stated, "David is a knave or Zoey is a knight". Sophia was heard saying, "If Ava is a knight then Ava is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knave, David is a knave, Zoey is a knave, Ava is a knight, and Sophia is a knave.

(1) William is a knave
(2) David is a knave
(3) Zoey is a knave
(4) Ava is a knight
(5) Sophia is a knave

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ava is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that If Ava is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider David.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that David is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David and Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ava is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Olivia, Ava, Benjamin, Joseph, and Scarlett. Olivia stated, "Benjamin is a knight or Olivia is a knight". Ava remarked, "If Scarlett is a knave then Ava is a knight". Benjamin said that If Joseph is a knight then Scarlett is a knight. Joseph expressed that Ava is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave. Scarlett was heard saying, "Olivia is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia is a knight, Ava is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Joseph is a knave, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) Olivia is a knight
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knight
(4) Joseph is a knave
(5) Scarlett is a knave

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight or Olivia is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knight then Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Ava is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Ava is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that If Scarlett is a knave then Ava is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that If Joseph is a knight then Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Ava is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aiden, David, Penelope, Sophia, and Scarlett. Aiden expressed that Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knave. David said that If Scarlett is a knave then David is a knight. According to Penelope, "If Scarlett is a knight then Aiden is a knave". According to Sophia, "Penelope is a knave and Sophia is a knight". Scarlett noted, "If David is a knight then David is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knave, David is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Sophia is a knave, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knave
(2) David is a knight
(3) Penelope is a knight
(4) Sophia is a knave
(5) Scarlett is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that If Scarlett is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knight then David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that If David is a knight then David is a knave.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Scarlett is a knave then David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If David is a knight then David is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knave then David is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave and Sophia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mason, Joseph, Emma, Jackson, and Alexander. Mason stated, "Jackson is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight". "Emma is a knight and Mason is a knave" - Joseph. Emma was heard saying, "Alexander is not a knight". "Alexander is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight," Jackson claimed. Alexander said that Mason is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Emma is a knave, Jackson is a knave, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Mason is a knave
(2) Joseph is a knave
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Jackson is a knave
(5) Alexander is a knight

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Jackson is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Jackson is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight and Mason is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Alexander is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, Alexander, and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Jackson is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mason is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Alexander is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Mason is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Emma is a knight and Mason is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Daniel, Abigail, Joseph, Amelia, and Ethan. Daniel noted, "Joseph is not a knight". "Amelia is a knight and Abigail is a knight" - Abigail. Joseph remarked, "Amelia is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knight". Amelia stated, "Joseph is a knave and Daniel is a knave". In Ethan's words: "Amelia is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knight, Abigail is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Amelia is a knave, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Daniel is a knight
(2) Abigail is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knave
(4) Amelia is a knave
(5) Ethan is a knight

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Joseph is not a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knave and Daniel is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave and Daniel is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Matthew, Ava, Benjamin, Lucas, and Luke. According to Matthew, "Ava is a knight if and only if Lucas is a knight". "Benjamin is a knight" - Ava. Benjamin was heard saying, "Ava is a knight or Matthew is a knight". In Lucas's words: "Benjamin is a knight or Matthew is a knight". Luke asserted: "Benjamin is a knave if and only if Ava is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew is a knight, Ava is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Lucas is a knight, and Luke is a knave.

(1) Matthew is a knight
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knight
(5) Luke is a knave

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight if and only if Lucas is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight or Matthew is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight or Matthew is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Ava is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Ava is a knight.

(('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('telling-truth', 2), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('<=>', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Charlotte, Harper, Elizabeth, William, and Penelope. Charlotte said that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight. "Charlotte is not a knight" - Harper. Elizabeth told you that Penelope is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight. William was heard saying, "If Charlotte is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight". Penelope said, "Charlotte is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte Harper Elizabeth William Penelope

Charlotte is a knight, Harper is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, William is a knight, and Penelope is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Harper is a knave
(3) Elizabeth is a knave
(4) William is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aiden, Emily, Logan, Joseph, and Zoey. Aiden noted, "Zoey is a knave or Logan is a knave". "If Emily is a knight then Zoey is a knave," Emily declared. In a statement by Logan: "Emily is not a knight". Joseph stated, "Logan is a knave or Logan is a knight". Zoey told you that Joseph is a knave and Zoey is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knight, Emily is a knight, Logan is a knave, Joseph is a knight, and Zoey is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Emily is a knight
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Joseph is a knight
(5) Zoey is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave or Logan is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave and Zoey is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Joseph is a knave and Zoey is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knave or Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave and Zoey is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave or Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is not a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Emily is not a knight.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Emily is a knight then Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is not a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Zoey is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Avery, Mason, Evelyn, Elizabeth, and Logan. "If Elizabeth is a knight then Mason is a knight," Avery mentioned. Mason told you that If Logan is a knight then Evelyn is a knave. "Mason is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave" - Evelyn. In Elizabeth's words: "Mason is a knight and Mason is a knave". According to Logan, "Evelyn is a knave and Mason is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knight, Mason is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, and Logan is a knave.

(1) Avery is a knight
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Evelyn is a knight
(4) Elizabeth is a knave
(5) Logan is a knave

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight and Mason is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave and Mason is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that If Logan is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mason is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave and Mason is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sofia, Harper, Abigail, Oliver, and Jack. Sofia said that Jack is not a knave. Harper commented, "Oliver is a knight and Sofia is a knight". According to Abigail, "Harper is a knight and Sofia is a knave". According to Oliver, "Abigail is not a knight". Jack told you that Jack is a knight and Abigail is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia is a knave, Harper is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Oliver is a knight, and Jack is a knave.

(1) Sofia is a knave
(2) Harper is a knave
(3) Abigail is a knave
(4) Oliver is a knight
(5) Jack is a knave

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Jack is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Jack is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is not a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Jack is not a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knight and Sofia is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Harper is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight and Sofia is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knight.

(('not', ('lying', 4)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 2)))