A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: James, Ava, David, Lucas, and Ella. According to James, "Lucas is a knight and Ava is a knave". Ava told you that Ella is not a knave. "Lucas is not a knave" - David. Lucas remarked, "James is not a knight". "David is a knight or James is a knight" - Ella. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James is a knave, Ava is a knight, David is a knight, Lucas is a knight, and Ella is a knight.

(1) James is a knave
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) David is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knight
(5) Ella is a knight

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight and Ava is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is not a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Lucas is a knight and Ava is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight and Ava is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or James is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mia, Owen, Victoria, Isabella, and Chloe. Mia commented, "Mia is a knight and Victoria is a knave". Owen expressed that Chloe is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave. Victoria noted, "Owen is a knight and Isabella is a knave". "Owen is a knight and Owen is a knave," Isabella declared. Chloe noted, "Isabella is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knave, Owen is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Isabella is a knave, and Chloe is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knave
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Isabella is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knave

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Mia is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Isabella is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is not a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knight and Owen is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Chloe is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is not a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Chloe is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Owen is a knight and Isabella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Chloe is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Isabella is not a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Chloe is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, Chloe, Owen, and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight and Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Owen is a knight and Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Owen is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ella, Noah, Owen, Emma, and Aiden. In a statement by Ella: "Aiden is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave". Noah said, "Noah is a knight or Owen is a knave." Owen remarked, "Noah is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight". "Owen is a knave," Emma declared. Aiden said that Emma is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella is a knight, Noah is a knave, Owen is a knight, Emma is a knave, and Aiden is a knave.

(1) Ella is a knight
(2) Noah is a knave
(3) Owen is a knight
(4) Emma is a knave
(5) Aiden is a knave

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Aiden is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Emma is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Aiden is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Noah is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight or Owen is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Victoria, Sebastian, Noah, Emma, and Alexander. Victoria commented, "Alexander is a knave or Noah is a knave". In Sebastian's words: "Noah is a knight or Alexander is a knave". In a statement by Noah: "Victoria is a knight". Emma said that Noah is not a knight. "Sebastian is a knave," Alexander mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Noah is a knight, Emma is a knave, and Alexander is a knave.

(1) Victoria is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Noah is a knight
(4) Emma is a knave
(5) Alexander is a knave

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave or Noah is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Alexander is a knave or Noah is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah and Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Riley, Alexander, Joseph, Daniel, and Emma. Riley commented, "Alexander is a knave or Emma is a knave". According to Alexander, "Joseph is a knave or Riley is a knight". Joseph told you that Riley is a knave or Riley is a knight. As Daniel put it, "Emma is not a knight". In a statement by Emma: "Riley is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Daniel is a knight, and Emma is a knave.

(1) Riley is a knight
(2) Alexander is a knight
(3) Joseph is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knight
(5) Emma is a knave

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave or Riley is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave or Riley is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Alexander is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Benjamin, Ethan, Ava, Lily, and Harper. "Harper is not a knight," Benjamin declared. As Ethan put it, "Benjamin is a knave". Ava told you that Ethan is a knave and Lily is a knight. Lily told you that Harper is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave. Harper remarked, "Ava is a knight and Lily is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Ava is a knave, Lily is a knave, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Ethan is a knave
(3) Ava is a knave
(4) Lily is a knave
(5) Harper is a knave

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is not a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Harper is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight and Lily is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Ethan is a knave and Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily and Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that Ethan is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aiden, Luke, Joseph, Chloe, and Lucas. Aiden remarked, "Luke is a knight". "Chloe is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight," Luke mentioned. "If Aiden is a knave then Luke is a knight" - Joseph. In Chloe's words: "Aiden is not a knight". "Aiden is a knave and Chloe is a knave," Lucas claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knave, Luke is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Chloe is a knight, and Lucas is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knave
(2) Luke is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knave
(4) Chloe is a knight
(5) Lucas is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is not a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Aiden is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aiden is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knave and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave and Chloe is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Luke, Avery, Michael, James, and Matthew. Luke said, "Michael is a knight or James is a knave." Avery expressed that Luke is a knave and Matthew is a knight. Michael commented, "Matthew is a knave". James told you that Michael is a knave. "Avery is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight," Matthew claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke is a knight, Avery is a knave, Michael is a knight, James is a knave, and Matthew is a knave.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Avery is a knave
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) James is a knave
(5) Matthew is a knave

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight or James is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knave and Matthew is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave and Matthew is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Alexander, Avery, Amelia, Michael, and Ethan. Alexander expressed that Avery is a knight. Avery commented, "Avery is a knight or Amelia is a knight". Amelia expressed that Michael is a knave. Michael told you that Alexander is not a knave. As Ethan put it, "Michael is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander is a knight, Avery is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Michael is a knight, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Alexander is a knight
(2) Avery is a knight
(3) Amelia is a knave
(4) Michael is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knight

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight or Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Alexander is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Liam, Benjamin, Victoria, Chloe, and James. Liam remarked, "If Benjamin is a knave then Chloe is a knave". In a statement by Benjamin: "Chloe is a knave if and only if James is a knight". As Victoria put it, "Benjamin is a knave and Liam is a knight". Chloe expressed that Benjamin is a knight. "James is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave," James claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Chloe is a knave, and James is a knave.

(1) Liam is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) James is a knave

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if James is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Chloe is a knave if and only if James is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if James is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that If Benjamin is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that Chloe is a knave if and only if James is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave and Liam is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jack, Elizabeth, Scarlett, Emma, and Evelyn. Jack was heard saying, "Jack is a knight or Emma is a knave". According to Elizabeth, "Evelyn is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave". "Evelyn is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight," Scarlett mentioned. Emma said, "Scarlett is a knight." Evelyn remarked, "Jack is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Emma is a knight, and Evelyn is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Scarlett is a knight
(4) Emma is a knight
(5) Evelyn is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight or Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Evelyn is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jack is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Evelyn is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Evelyn is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Evelyn is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, Scarlett, and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight or Emma is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is not a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is not a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Logan, Victoria, Harper, Lily, and Noah. Logan was heard saying, "Harper is a knave or Harper is a knight". Victoria said, "Harper is not a knave." In a statement by Harper: "Noah is a knight and Logan is a knight". Lily expressed that Harper is a knave. Noah told you that Harper is a knave and Logan is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knight, Victoria is a knave, Harper is a knave, Lily is a knight, and Noah is a knave.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knave
(3) Harper is a knave
(4) Lily is a knight
(5) Noah is a knave

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave or Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knave and Logan is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Noah is a knight and Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Noah is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave and Logan is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is not a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Zoey, Emma, Victoria, Logan, and Luke. Zoey commented, "Logan is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave". Emma stated, "Zoey is a knight or Victoria is a knave". Victoria expressed that Emma is not a knight. Logan asserted: "Zoey is not a knave". Luke said that If Zoey is a knight then Luke is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Zoey is a knave, Emma is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Logan is a knave, and Luke is a knight.

(1) Zoey is a knave
(2) Emma is a knave
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Logan is a knave
(5) Luke is a knight

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Emma is not a knight.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Zoey is a knight or Victoria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Logan is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Zoey is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is not a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is not a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knight or Victoria is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight or Victoria is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Benjamin, Harper, Lucas, Zoey, and Riley. "Lucas is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave," Benjamin claimed. Harper was heard saying, "Lucas is a knave or Riley is a knave". "If Riley is a knight then Harper is a knight" - Lucas. Zoey remarked, "Lucas is a knave". In Riley's words: "If Harper is a knight then Riley is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin is a knight, Harper is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Zoey is a knave, and Riley is a knave.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Harper is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knave
(5) Riley is a knave

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knight then Harper is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knight then Riley is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave or Riley is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that If Riley is a knight then Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Harper is a knight then Riley is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Riley is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Lucas is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mia, Jack, Ella, Michael, and Lily. Mia told you that Ella is a knight or Lily is a knave. As Jack put it, "Michael is a knight and Ella is a knight". Ella said, "Mia is not a knight." In a statement by Michael: "Jack is a knave or Ella is a knave". Lily remarked, "Mia is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knight, Jack is a knave, Ella is a knave, Michael is a knight, and Lily is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Jack is a knave
(3) Ella is a knave
(4) Michael is a knight
(5) Lily is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Lily is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is not a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Ella is a knight or Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave or Ella is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knight and Ella is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight and Ella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Samuel, Jack, Sophia, Riley, and Emma. "Sophia is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knave," Samuel mentioned. Jack was heard saying, "Riley is a knave or Emma is a knave". Sophia asserted: "Samuel is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave". "If Jack is a knight then Samuel is a knave," Riley claimed. Emma said, "Jack is a knave and Sophia is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel is a knave, Jack is a knight, Sophia is a knave, Riley is a knight, and Emma is a knave.

(1) Samuel is a knave
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Sophia is a knave
(4) Riley is a knight
(5) Emma is a knave

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave and Sophia is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Samuel is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Samuel is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knight then Samuel is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Noah, Chloe, James, Penelope, and Sofia. Noah commented, "James is not a knight". In Chloe's words: "Penelope is a knave or Sofia is a knave". James asserted: "Penelope is a knave". As Penelope put it, "Chloe is a knight or James is a knight". Sofia expressed that Sofia is a knight and Noah is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah is a knight, Chloe is a knight, James is a knave, Penelope is a knight, and Sofia is a knave.

(1) Noah is a knight
(2) Chloe is a knight
(3) James is a knave
(4) Penelope is a knight
(5) Sofia is a knave

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that James is not a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or James is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Penelope is a knave or Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Noah is a knight.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('lying', 3), ('lying', 4)), ('lying', 3), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Chloe, Elizabeth, Abigail, Ethan, and Samuel. Chloe expressed that Ethan is a knave or Samuel is a knight. Elizabeth was heard saying, "Chloe is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knave". "Abigail is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight," Abigail mentioned. Ethan said that If Samuel is a knave then Abigail is a knave. "Abigail is not a knave," Samuel mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Ethan is a knight, and Samuel is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Abigail is a knight
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Samuel is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave or Samuel is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knave then Abigail is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Chloe, Luke, Sofia, Sebastian, and Ella. In Chloe's words: "Sebastian is a knight and Luke is a knight". Luke said that Chloe is a knight. In Sofia's words: "If Ella is a knave then Chloe is a knight". "Sofia is a knight," Sebastian mentioned. Ella told you that Sebastian is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knight, Luke is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, and Ella is a knave.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Luke is a knight
(3) Sofia is a knight
(4) Sebastian is a knight
(5) Ella is a knave

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knave then Chloe is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is not a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is not a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 0), ('->', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 2), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jack, Owen, Evelyn, Lily, and Chloe. Jack asserted: "Owen is a knave or Owen is a knight". Owen commented, "If Chloe is a knave then Evelyn is a knave". Evelyn asserted: "Jack is a knave". Lily said that Evelyn is a knave. "Evelyn is a knight," Chloe claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knight, Owen is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Lily is a knight, and Chloe is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) Evelyn is a knave
(4) Lily is a knight
(5) Chloe is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave or Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knave then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that If Chloe is a knave then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Avery, Sofia, Chloe, Noah, and Emma. "If Chloe is a knave then Chloe is a knight," Avery declared. "Chloe is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave," Sofia declared. Chloe expressed that Sofia is a knave or Chloe is a knight. As Noah put it, "Sofia is a knight and Chloe is a knight". In a statement by Emma: "Chloe is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Noah is a knave, and Emma is a knight.

(1) Avery is a knight
(2) Sofia is a knave
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) Noah is a knave
(5) Emma is a knight

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knave then Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave or Chloe is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Luke, Riley, Ava, Benjamin, and Ella. In a statement by Luke: "If Riley is a knave then Benjamin is a knave". Riley commented, "Benjamin is a knight". Ava stated, "Benjamin is a knight or Luke is a knave". Benjamin stated, "Riley is a knave and Riley is a knight". Ella asserted: "Benjamin is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke is a knight, Riley is a knave, Ava is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, and Ella is a knave.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Riley is a knave
(3) Ava is a knave
(4) Benjamin is a knave
(5) Ella is a knave

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knave and Riley is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that If Riley is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave and Riley is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knight or Luke is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight or Luke is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Daniel, Aria, Luke, Oliver, and Zoey. Daniel told you that Oliver is a knave if and only if Luke is a knave. "Zoey is a knight," Aria claimed. "If Daniel is a knave then Oliver is a knave" - Luke. Oliver said that Daniel is a knave. Zoey commented, "Luke is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knave, Aria is a knave, Luke is a knave, Oliver is a knight, and Zoey is a knave.

(1) Daniel is a knave
(2) Aria is a knave
(3) Luke is a knave
(4) Oliver is a knight
(5) Zoey is a knave

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if Luke is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Oliver is a knave if and only if Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Daniel is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if Luke is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Oliver is a knave if and only if Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Daniel is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lily, Liam, Jack, Owen, and Aiden. Lily stated, "Aiden is a knave". Liam stated, "Jack is not a knave". According to Jack, "Lily is a knight and Aiden is a knave". Owen was heard saying, "Aiden is a knight or Aiden is a knave". "Owen is a knave and Aiden is a knight," Aiden claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knight, Liam is a knight, Jack is a knight, Owen is a knight, and Aiden is a knave.

(1) Lily is a knight
(2) Liam is a knight
(3) Jack is a knight
(4) Owen is a knight
(5) Aiden is a knave

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Aiden is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Aiden is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight and Aiden is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lucas, Amelia, Michael, Emily, and Ethan. In a statement by Lucas: "If Amelia is a knight then Michael is a knave". "Ethan is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight," Amelia claimed. "Lucas is not a knave," Michael declared. Emily expressed that Ethan is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave. Ethan noted, "Lucas is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Michael is a knight, Emily is a knight, and Ethan is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Amelia is a knave
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) Emily is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knight then Michael is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Lucas is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lucas is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ella, Zoey, Scarlett, Henry, and Amelia. Ella expressed that Zoey is a knight or Zoey is a knave. In a statement by Zoey: "Scarlett is a knave". Scarlett commented, "Ella is a knave or Amelia is a knave". "Scarlett is a knight or Amelia is a knight," Henry declared. According to Amelia, "Henry is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Henry is a knight, and Amelia is a knave.

(1) Ella is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) Scarlett is a knight
(4) Henry is a knight
(5) Amelia is a knave

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight or Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave or Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight or Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Ella is a knave or Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave or Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Ella is a knave or Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight or Amelia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Grace, Abigail, Michael, Chloe, and Henry. "Michael is a knight and Chloe is a knave," Grace mentioned. Abigail commented, "Chloe is a knave or Chloe is a knight". Michael asserted: "Michael is a knight and Abigail is a knave". "Henry is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave," Chloe claimed. Henry stated, "Abigail is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Michael is a knave, Chloe is a knave, and Henry is a knight.

(1) Grace is a knave
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Michael is a knave
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Henry is a knight

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight and Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Michael is a knight and Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Chloe is a knave or Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Michael is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight and Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Henry is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aiden, William, Evelyn, Jackson, and Ava. "If William is a knave then Evelyn is a knight" - Aiden. William remarked, "Aiden is a knight and Ava is a knight". As Evelyn put it, "Ava is a knave and Aiden is a knave". Jackson commented, "Evelyn is not a knight". According to Ava, "William is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knave, William is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, Jackson is a knight, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Aiden is a knave
(2) William is a knave
(3) Evelyn is a knave
(4) Jackson is a knight
(5) Ava is a knight

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that Aiden is a knight and Ava is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Aiden is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that William is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava and William, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If William is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that If William is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that If William is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave and Aiden is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sofia, Grace, Jackson, Owen, and Emily. Sofia asserted: "Jackson is a knight and Sofia is a knight". Grace was heard saying, "Jackson is a knave". "Sofia is a knave" - Jackson. In Owen's words: "Owen is a knight or Sofia is a knave". Emily asserted: "Grace is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia is a knave, Grace is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Owen is a knight, and Emily is a knight.

(1) Sofia is a knave
(2) Grace is a knave
(3) Jackson is a knight
(4) Owen is a knight
(5) Emily is a knight

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight and Sofia is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Jackson is a knight and Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight and Sofia is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Logan, Sebastian, Emily, James, and Alexander. In Logan's words: "Logan is a knight". In a statement by Sebastian: "Logan is a knight". According to Emily, "If Alexander is a knight then Sebastian is a knight". James remarked, "Alexander is a knight if and only if James is a knight". Alexander said, "James is a knight and Logan is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Emily is a knight, James is a knight, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) James is a knight
(5) Alexander is a knight

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if James is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 0), ('->', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aiden, Aurora, Victoria, Samuel, and Scarlett. In Aiden's words: "Aiden is a knight". Aurora stated, "Victoria is not a knight". "If Scarlett is a knight then Scarlett is a knave," Victoria mentioned. Samuel said that If Victoria is a knave then Aurora is a knave. Scarlett commented, "Aurora is a knave and Aiden is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knave, Aurora is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knave
(2) Aurora is a knave
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Samuel is a knight
(5) Scarlett is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that If Scarlett is a knight then Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that If Scarlett is a knight then Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aurora is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Victoria is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria and Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knave then Aurora is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Owen, Liam, Emily, Abigail, and Aurora. "Liam is a knave or Abigail is a knave," Owen declared. "Owen is a knight and Liam is a knight," Liam declared. In a statement by Emily: "Owen is a knight or Liam is a knight". As Abigail put it, "If Owen is a knave then Emily is a knight". Aurora told you that If Emily is a knight then Liam is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen is a knight, Liam is a knave, Emily is a knight, Abigail is a knight, and Aurora is a knight.

(1) Owen is a knight
(2) Liam is a knave
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) Abigail is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knight

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave or Abigail is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight and Liam is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Liam is a knave or Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Owen is a knave then Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Liam is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knave then Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight or Liam is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Liam is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Samuel, Mason, Grace, David, and Zoey. Samuel asserted: "Zoey is not a knight". In a statement by Mason: "Zoey is a knave if and only if David is a knight". Grace expressed that Samuel is a knight. "Samuel is not a knave" - David. Zoey said that If David is a knight then Samuel is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel is a knave, Mason is a knight, Grace is a knave, David is a knave, and Zoey is a knight.

(1) Samuel is a knave
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Grace is a knave
(4) David is a knave
(5) Zoey is a knight

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Zoey is not a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If David is a knight then Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knight then Samuel is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aria, Riley, Victoria, Ava, and Scarlett. "If Victoria is a knight then Scarlett is a knight," Aria mentioned. In Riley's words: "Aria is a knave". Victoria stated, "Ava is not a knight". "Aria is a knave or Riley is a knight," Ava declared. As Scarlett put it, "If Ava is a knight then Aria is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria is a knight, Riley is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Ava is a knave, and Scarlett is a knight.

(1) Aria is a knight
(2) Riley is a knave
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Ava is a knave
(5) Scarlett is a knight

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knight then Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is not a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Ava is not a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave or Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ava is a knight then Aria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Evelyn, Oliver, Scarlett, Ella, and Sebastian. "Scarlett is a knave or Scarlett is a knight," Evelyn mentioned. As Oliver put it, "Ella is a knight". According to Scarlett, "Sebastian is a knight or Ella is a knight". According to Ella, "Oliver is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight". Sebastian asserted: "Scarlett is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Ella is a knight, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knight
(3) Scarlett is a knight
(4) Ella is a knight
(5) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Ella is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

(('or', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lily, Amelia, Henry, David, and Sofia. Lily said that David is a knave. In a statement by Amelia: "Sofia is not a knight". Henry told you that Sofia is a knave. In a statement by David: "Lily is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight". In a statement by Sofia: "Lily is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Henry is a knight, David is a knave, and Sofia is a knave.

(1) Lily is a knight
(2) Amelia is a knight
(3) Henry is a knight
(4) David is a knave
(5) Sofia is a knave

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is not a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Ella, Scarlett, Luke, and Zoey. As Emily put it, "If Luke is a knave then Emily is a knight". "If Luke is a knight then Scarlett is a knight," Ella mentioned. Scarlett expressed that Emily is a knave. As Luke put it, "If Scarlett is a knight then Zoey is a knight". According to Zoey, "Luke is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knight, Ella is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Luke is a knight, and Zoey is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Ella is a knave
(3) Scarlett is a knave
(4) Luke is a knight
(5) Zoey is a knight

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knave then Emily is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Zoey is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Luke is a knight then Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Luke is a knight then Scarlett is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: David, Emma, Oliver, Ethan, and Henry. David asserted: "David is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave". "David is a knave" - Emma. According to Oliver, "David is a knave or Henry is a knight". Ethan was heard saying, "Oliver is a knave". As Henry put it, "Emma is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knight, Emma is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Ethan is a knight, and Henry is a knave.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Emma is a knave
(3) Oliver is a knave
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Henry is a knave

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that David is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that David is a knave or Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that David is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Victoria, Mia, Sebastian, Ethan, and Olivia. "Mia is a knave and Ethan is a knave" - Victoria. Mia said that If Mia is a knight then Sebastian is a knave. Sebastian expressed that Victoria is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave. Ethan remarked, "Sebastian is a knight or Victoria is a knave". "Sebastian is a knight and Sebastian is a knave" - Olivia. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria is a knave, Mia is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Ethan is a knight, and Olivia is a knave.

(1) Victoria is a knave
(2) Mia is a knight
(3) Sebastian is a knave
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Olivia is a knave

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Mia is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Mia is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that If Mia is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Victoria is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knight and Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight and Sebastian is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Harper, Sofia, Evelyn, Aurora, and Charlotte. Harper stated, "Aurora is a knight". Sofia remarked, "Evelyn is a knight". In Evelyn's words: "Charlotte is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight". "Charlotte is a knave and Charlotte is a knight," Aurora declared. Charlotte expressed that Aurora is a knave or Sofia is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knave, Sofia is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, Aurora is a knave, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Harper is a knave
(2) Sofia is a knave
(3) Evelyn is a knave
(4) Aurora is a knave
(5) Charlotte is a knight

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave or Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sofia, Jack, Grace, Jacob, and Jackson. Sofia told you that Jackson is a knave and Grace is a knave. Jack expressed that Sofia is a knave and Jacob is a knight. Grace remarked, "Jackson is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight". "Sofia is a knave or Jack is a knave," Jacob declared. "Grace is a knave and Jack is a knave" - Jackson. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia is a knave, Jack is a knight, Grace is a knight, Jacob is a knight, and Jackson is a knave.

(1) Sofia is a knave
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Jacob is a knight
(5) Jackson is a knave

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave and Grace is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Jackson is a knave and Grace is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Jackson is a knave and Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Grace is a knave and Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, Grace, and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave and Grace is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Grace is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Grace is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave or Jack is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Michael, Riley, Emily, Logan, and Evelyn. "If Evelyn is a knave then Evelyn is a knight" - Michael. "Emily is not a knave," Riley declared. Emily commented, "Logan is a knave or Logan is a knight". Logan commented, "Michael is not a knight". In a statement by Evelyn: "Logan is a knave if and only if Logan is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael is a knave, Riley is a knight, Emily is a knight, Logan is a knight, and Evelyn is a knave.

(1) Michael is a knave
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) Logan is a knight
(5) Evelyn is a knave

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knave if and only if Logan is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that If Evelyn is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Evelyn is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that If Evelyn is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is not a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave or Logan is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Joseph, Ella, Benjamin, Sebastian, and Riley. Joseph stated, "If Benjamin is a knave then Ella is a knave". "Sebastian is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave" - Ella. Benjamin asserted: "If Benjamin is a knight then Ella is a knave". Sebastian noted, "Riley is not a knight". Riley stated, "Benjamin is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knight, Ella is a knave, Benjamin is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, and Riley is a knave.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Ella is a knave
(3) Benjamin is a knight
(4) Sebastian is a knight
(5) Riley is a knave

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Ella is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knight then Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that If Benjamin is a knight then Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Penelope, Elizabeth, Mia, Emily, and Ava. Penelope remarked, "Mia is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight". Elizabeth expressed that If Emily is a knight then Elizabeth is a knight. Mia stated, "Mia is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight". Emily stated, "Mia is a knave and Ava is a knave". Ava noted, "Mia is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Mia is a knight, Emily is a knave, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Penelope is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) Emily is a knave
(5) Ava is a knight

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Mia is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave and Ava is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Elizabeth is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Daniel, Sophia, Scarlett, Lily, and Owen. In a statement by Daniel: "Lily is not a knight". As Sophia put it, "Daniel is a knight if and only if Lily is a knave". Scarlett stated, "Daniel is a knave". Lily asserted: "Owen is a knave and Lily is a knight". Owen asserted: "Scarlett is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Lily is a knave, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Daniel is a knight
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) Scarlett is a knave
(4) Lily is a knave
(5) Owen is a knave

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Lily is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is not a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Scarlett is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is not a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight if and only if Lily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Scarlett, Charlotte, Emily, Lily, and Olivia. Scarlett was heard saying, "Lily is not a knave". Charlotte told you that Lily is a knight. Emily told you that Scarlett is a knave. "Scarlett is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knight," Lily declared. In a statement by Olivia: "Charlotte is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Emily is a knave, Lily is a knight, and Olivia is a knight.

(1) Scarlett is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Emily is a knave
(4) Lily is a knight
(5) Olivia is a knight

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aiden, Olivia, Jacob, Evelyn, and Ava. As Aiden put it, "If Evelyn is a knight then Jacob is a knave". Olivia noted, "Aiden is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave". "Ava is a knight," Jacob claimed. Evelyn stated, "Ava is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knight". Ava was heard saying, "Aiden is a knave and Evelyn is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, and Ava is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Jacob is a knave
(4) Evelyn is a knave
(5) Ava is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knight then Jacob is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that If Evelyn is a knight then Jacob is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Ava is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob and Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Riley, Ethan, Scarlett, Alexander, and Penelope. Riley noted, "Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knight". Ethan stated, "Riley is not a knight". In a statement by Scarlett: "Penelope is a knave or Alexander is a knight". In a statement by Alexander: "If Penelope is a knight then Riley is a knave". Penelope told you that Alexander is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Alexander is a knight, and Penelope is a knave.

(1) Riley is a knight
(2) Ethan is a knave
(3) Scarlett is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knave

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Penelope is a knight then Riley is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jackson, Chloe, Abigail, Amelia, and Penelope. "Amelia is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knave," Jackson mentioned. Chloe remarked, "Amelia is not a knight". Abigail commented, "Amelia is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave". As Amelia put it, "If Abigail is a knight then Penelope is a knight". Penelope stated, "If Abigail is a knight then Jackson is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson is a knight, Chloe is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Amelia is a knight, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Jackson is a knight
(2) Chloe is a knave
(3) Abigail is a knight
(4) Amelia is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knight

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knight then Penelope is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knight then Jackson is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Amelia is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Evelyn, Sophia, Charlotte, Aiden, and Sebastian. Evelyn remarked, "If Aiden is a knave then Evelyn is a knight". Sophia expressed that Charlotte is not a knave. Charlotte said, "Evelyn is a knight." Aiden remarked, "If Charlotte is a knight then Sophia is a knave". Sebastian expressed that Sophia is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Aiden is a knave, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knight
(4) Aiden is a knave
(5) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that If Charlotte is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Charlotte is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ella, Scarlett, Avery, Charlotte, and Ethan. In a statement by Ella: "Charlotte is a knight and Ethan is a knave". "Ella is a knave or Avery is a knight," Scarlett claimed. As Avery put it, "Scarlett is a knave or Avery is a knight". Charlotte noted, "Avery is a knave or Avery is a knight". Ethan remarked, "Avery is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Avery is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Ella is a knave
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Avery is a knave
(4) Charlotte is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knight

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight and Ethan is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave or Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave or Avery is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave or Avery is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Charlotte is a knight and Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ella is a knave or Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave or Avery is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is a knave or Avery is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Scarlett is a knave or Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Charlotte is a knight and Ethan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Charlotte is a knight and Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.