A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Riley, Noah, Ella, Isabella, and Ava. "Noah is a knight and Noah is a knave" - Riley. Noah was heard saying, "If Isabella is a knight then Riley is a knight". "Riley is not a knight," Ella mentioned. As Isabella put it, "Ella is not a knight". Ava asserted: "Isabella is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knave, Noah is a knight, Ella is a knight, Isabella is a knave, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Noah is a knight
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) Isabella is a knave
(5) Ava is a knight

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is a knight and Noah is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight and Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knight then Riley is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that If Isabella is a knight then Riley is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 1)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)), ('lying', 3))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Luke, Emma, Riley, and Sophia. Elizabeth noted, "Riley is a knight and Emma is a knave". As Luke put it, "Luke is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave". Emma stated, "Riley is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knave". "Sophia is not a knight," Riley declared. Sophia commented, "Luke is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth is a knave, Luke is a knave, Emma is a knave, Riley is a knave, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) Elizabeth is a knave
(2) Luke is a knave
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Riley is a knave
(5) Sophia is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Sophia is not a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Luke is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Riley is a knight and Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Riley is a knight and Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Luke is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is not a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Luke is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Victoria, Penelope, Ethan, Aurora, and Sebastian. Victoria stated, "Aurora is a knight". Penelope said, "Ethan is a knight or Sebastian is a knave." In a statement by Ethan: "If Victoria is a knight then Penelope is a knave". Aurora said, "Penelope is a knave and Ethan is a knave." "Penelope is a knight or Ethan is a knave," Sebastian claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria Penelope Ethan Aurora Sebastian

Victoria is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Aurora is a knave, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Victoria is a knave
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) Ethan is a knight
(4) Aurora is a knave
(5) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Penelope is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight or Sebastian is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Ethan is a knight or Sebastian is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Victoria is a knight then Penelope is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight or Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knight then Penelope is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight or Ethan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ella, Daniel, Harper, Benjamin, and Mia. "Harper is a knave and Harper is a knight," Ella mentioned. Daniel commented, "If Ella is a knight then Daniel is a knight". "If Benjamin is a knave then Daniel is a knight," Harper mentioned. "Benjamin is a knight or Harper is a knight," Benjamin claimed. Mia said, "Benjamin is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Harper is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, and Mia is a knave.

(1) Ella is a knave
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Benjamin is a knight
(5) Mia is a knave

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knave and Harper is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave and Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight or Harper is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then Daniel is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Emma, Scarlett, Amelia, and Aurora. Emily said, "Aurora is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight." Emma said, "Aurora is a knight." Scarlett commented, "Amelia is a knave or Amelia is a knight". In Amelia's words: "Aurora is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight". In a statement by Aurora: "If Scarlett is a knave then Emma is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knave, Emma is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Amelia is a knight, and Aurora is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knave
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Scarlett is a knight
(4) Amelia is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knight

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Emma is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Aurora is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Amelia is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Emma is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that If Scarlett is a knave then Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Avery, Victoria, Emma, Harper, and Ethan. Avery stated, "Victoria is a knight". "Harper is a knight and Ethan is a knight," Victoria claimed. According to Emma, "Harper is a knight or Harper is a knave". In a statement by Harper: "Victoria is a knave or Victoria is a knight". Ethan asserted: "Victoria is a knight or Emma is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Emma is a knight, Harper is a knight, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Avery is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Emma is a knight
(4) Harper is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knight

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave or Victoria is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight or Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight or Harper is a knave.

(('telling-truth', 1), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 3)), ('or', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Chloe, Owen, Liam, Mason, and Penelope. As Chloe put it, "If Mason is a knight then Mason is a knave". According to Owen, "Liam is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave". Liam asserted: "Mason is a knight". Mason stated, "If Chloe is a knave then Owen is a knight". Penelope said that Mason is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knave, Owen is a knight, Liam is a knight, Mason is a knight, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knave
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) Liam is a knight
(4) Mason is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mason is a knight then Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that If Mason is a knight then Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Chloe is a knave then Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Mason is a knight then Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knave then Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Olivia, Charlotte, Sebastian, Mason, and Elizabeth. Olivia said that Mason is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight. In a statement by Charlotte: "Mason is a knave or Sebastian is a knave". "If Charlotte is a knight then Olivia is a knave," Sebastian mentioned. Mason expressed that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight. Elizabeth said, "Mason is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia Charlotte Sebastian Mason Elizabeth

Olivia is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Mason is a knave, and Elizabeth is a knight.

(1) Olivia is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Sebastian is a knave
(4) Mason is a knave
(5) Elizabeth is a knight

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave or Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Mason is a knave or Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Mason is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave or Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Mason is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lily, Luke, Ava, Liam, and Aria. "Liam is not a knight," Lily declared. "Ava is a knight," Luke claimed. Ava said, "Liam is not a knave." In Liam's words: "If Aria is a knave then Lily is a knight". Aria commented, "Luke is a knave or Liam is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knave, Luke is a knight, Ava is a knight, Liam is a knight, and Aria is a knight.

(1) Lily is a knave
(2) Luke is a knight
(3) Ava is a knight
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) Aria is a knight

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Liam is not a knight.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Aria is a knave then Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is not a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knave then Lily is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave or Liam is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Grace, Evelyn, Samuel, Aurora, and David. "Samuel is a knave or David is a knight," Grace claimed. Evelyn remarked, "Grace is a knight if and only if David is a knave". Samuel asserted: "Grace is a knight or Evelyn is a knave". Aurora asserted: "Aurora is a knight or Grace is a knight". "Samuel is a knight" - David. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Aurora is a knight, and David is a knight.

(1) Grace is a knight
(2) Evelyn is a knave
(3) Samuel is a knight
(4) Aurora is a knight
(5) David is a knight

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave or David is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight or Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight if and only if David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Grace is a knight if and only if David is a knave.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Samuel is a knave or David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight if and only if David is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight or Grace is a knight.

(('or', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 4)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 1)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 2))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Avery, Charlotte, Jack, Luke, and Daniel. Avery stated, "If Daniel is a knight then Jack is a knight". Charlotte expressed that Avery is a knave and Daniel is a knave. "Charlotte is not a knave," Jack claimed. Luke said, "Daniel is a knight." Daniel remarked, "Charlotte is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Jack is a knave, Luke is a knave, and Daniel is a knave.

(1) Avery is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) Jack is a knave
(4) Luke is a knave
(5) Daniel is a knave

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knight then Jack is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave and Daniel is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave and Daniel is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is not a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Owen, Charlotte, Olivia, David, and Aria. Owen stated, "David is a knight and Owen is a knight". In a statement by Charlotte: "David is a knight". Olivia told you that Aria is a knight and David is a knight. In a statement by David: "Olivia is not a knight". In a statement by Aria: "If David is a knight then Owen is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Olivia is a knave, David is a knight, and Aria is a knave.

(1) Owen is a knave
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Olivia is a knave
(4) David is a knight
(5) Aria is a knave

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight and Owen is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is not a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Olivia is not a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight and David is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that Aria is a knight and David is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If David is a knight then Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria and Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider David.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that David is a knight and Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and Owen is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If David is a knight then Owen is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jacob, Sofia, Emily, James, and Liam. "Emily is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave," Jacob declared. "James is not a knave" - Sofia. Emily commented, "Jacob is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight". James commented, "Jacob is not a knave". Liam commented, "Sofia is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Emily is a knave, James is a knight, and Liam is a knave.

(1) Jacob is a knight
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Emily is a knave
(4) James is a knight
(5) Liam is a knave

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Emily is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that James is not a knave.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jacob is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is not a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Riley, Elizabeth, Michael, Chloe, and Alexander. According to Riley, "Michael is not a knave". Elizabeth noted, "If Alexander is a knave then Michael is a knight". Michael remarked, "Elizabeth is not a knight". "Chloe is a knight," Chloe claimed. Alexander said, "Chloe is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, Michael is a knave, Chloe is a knave, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Michael is a knave
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Alexander is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Alexander is a knave then Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Michael is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then Michael is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Chloe is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Charlotte, Joseph, Henry, Abigail, and Amelia. According to Charlotte, "Henry is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight". Joseph said, "Henry is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight." As Henry put it, "If Amelia is a knight then Charlotte is a knave". Abigail expressed that If Charlotte is a knave then Joseph is a knave. "Joseph is a knight and Joseph is a knave," Amelia claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Henry is a knight, Abigail is a knight, and Amelia is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Joseph is a knight
(3) Henry is a knight
(4) Abigail is a knight
(5) Amelia is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knight then Charlotte is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Henry is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knave then Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lily, Sebastian, Aurora, Olivia, and Emma. "Sebastian is a knight and Emma is a knight" - Lily. In Sebastian's words: "Emma is not a knight". In a statement by Aurora: "Olivia is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight". Olivia asserted: "If Aurora is a knave then Lily is a knight". Emma remarked, "Olivia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Olivia is a knave, and Emma is a knave.

(1) Lily is a knave
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knave
(4) Olivia is a knave
(5) Emma is a knave

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Emma is not a knight.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Sebastian is a knight and Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Sebastian is a knight and Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that Sebastian is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aurora is a knave then Lily is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)), ('<=>', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('->', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 3))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Olivia, Joseph, Emily, Penelope, and Grace. "If Grace is a knight then Emily is a knight" - Olivia. "Grace is a knave or Emily is a knave" - Joseph. "Penelope is a knave or Penelope is a knight," Emily declared. Penelope was heard saying, "Grace is a knave". Grace stated, "If Emily is a knave then Olivia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Emily is a knight, Penelope is a knave, and Grace is a knight.

(1) Olivia is a knight
(2) Joseph is a knave
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) Penelope is a knave
(5) Grace is a knight

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knight then Emily is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knave then Olivia is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knave or Emily is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave or Emily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: David, Aiden, Victoria, Chloe, and Amelia. David remarked, "Amelia is a knave if and only if David is a knight". Aiden stated, "If Victoria is a knight then Chloe is a knave". Victoria commented, "Amelia is not a knight". Chloe said that Aiden is a knight or David is a knave. Amelia said that Amelia is a knight and Aiden is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knave, Aiden is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Chloe is a knight, and Amelia is a knave.

(1) David is a knave
(2) Aiden is a knave
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knight
(5) Amelia is a knave

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Amelia is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight and Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knight then Chloe is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is not a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that If Victoria is a knight then Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aiden is a knight or David is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Amelia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Victoria is a knight then Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knight or David is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that If Victoria is a knight then Chloe is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that If Victoria is a knight then Chloe is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, Aiden, and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Amelia is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or David is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Henry, Michael, Ethan, Mia, and Grace. Henry remarked, "Grace is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave". Michael asserted: "Ethan is a knight and Henry is a knight". Ethan said that Henry is not a knave. "Henry is not a knave," Mia declared. Grace said that Mia is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry is a knight, Michael is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Mia is a knight, and Grace is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knight
(2) Michael is a knight
(3) Ethan is a knight
(4) Mia is a knight
(5) Grace is a knight

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight and Henry is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Charlotte, Henry, James, Mason, and Jackson. Charlotte was heard saying, "Henry is a knight and Henry is a knave". Henry remarked, "Mason is not a knave". James commented, "Mason is a knight and Jackson is a knight". "James is not a knight," Mason mentioned. "If Henry is a knight then Mason is a knave," Jackson mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knave, Henry is a knight, James is a knave, Mason is a knight, and Jackson is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knave
(2) Henry is a knight
(3) James is a knave
(4) Mason is a knight
(5) Jackson is a knave

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knight and Henry is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight and Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that James is not a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and Jackson is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Mason is a knight and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Henry is a knight then Mason is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jacob, Oliver, Avery, Penelope, and Benjamin. Jacob said, "Benjamin is a knave and Penelope is a knave." "Avery is a knight and Oliver is a knight," Oliver mentioned. Avery said, "Penelope is not a knave." "Oliver is a knave," Penelope mentioned. "If Penelope is a knight then Jacob is a knight" - Benjamin. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Avery is a knight, Penelope is a knight, and Benjamin is a knave.

(1) Jacob is a knave
(2) Oliver is a knave
(3) Avery is a knight
(4) Penelope is a knight
(5) Benjamin is a knave

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Benjamin is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Penelope is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Penelope is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that If Penelope is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight and Oliver is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is not a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Avery is a knight and Oliver is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Penelope is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight and Oliver is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Riley, Scarlett, Logan, Emma, and Zoey. "Scarlett is a knave" - Riley. Scarlett commented, "Logan is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knight". As Logan put it, "Emma is a knave or Zoey is a knight". Emma asserted: "Logan is a knight or Zoey is a knave". Zoey said that If Scarlett is a knave then Logan is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Logan is a knight, Emma is a knight, and Zoey is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Emma is a knight
(5) Zoey is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight or Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Scarlett is a knave then Logan is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Emma is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knight or Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Logan is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Logan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Isabella, Mason, William, Matthew, and Joseph. Isabella stated, "Joseph is not a knight". "Matthew is a knave if and only if Mason is a knight," Mason declared. In a statement by William: "Mason is not a knave". Matthew stated, "William is not a knave". As Joseph put it, "Mason is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella is a knight, Mason is a knave, William is a knave, Matthew is a knave, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) Isabella is a knight
(2) Mason is a knave
(3) William is a knave
(4) Matthew is a knave
(5) Joseph is a knave

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Joseph is not a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Mason is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Matthew is a knave if and only if Mason is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is not a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sebastian, Charlotte, Isabella, Grace, and Alexander. According to Sebastian, "Alexander is a knight and Isabella is a knave". "If Charlotte is a knight then Alexander is a knight," Charlotte mentioned. "If Sebastian is a knight then Grace is a knight," Isabella claimed. Grace asserted: "Isabella is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave". Alexander said, "Charlotte is a knight if and only if Grace is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian Charlotte Isabella Grace Alexander

Sebastian is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Grace is a knight, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Sebastian is a knave
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Alexander is a knight

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight and Isabella is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Grace is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Alexander is a knight and Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Sebastian is a knight then Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Charlotte is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Alexander is a knight and Isabella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight and Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Grace is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Riley, Aurora, Liam, Chloe, and Owen. Riley expressed that Chloe is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight. "If Liam is a knight then Owen is a knight," Aurora declared. Liam said, "If Chloe is a knave then Riley is a knight." Chloe was heard saying, "Liam is not a knave". Owen said that If Chloe is a knave then Owen is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Liam is a knight, Chloe is a knight, and Owen is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knight
(2) Aurora is a knight
(3) Liam is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knight
(5) Owen is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knave then Riley is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knight then Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knave then Owen is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mia, Jacob, Luke, Penelope, and Aurora. Mia said that Jacob is a knight or Luke is a knave. Jacob asserted: "If Mia is a knave then Penelope is a knight". Luke noted, "Aurora is a knight and Penelope is a knave". "Mia is a knave," Penelope declared. Aurora said that Jacob is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Luke is a knave, Penelope is a knave, and Aurora is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Luke is a knave
(4) Penelope is a knave
(5) Aurora is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight or Luke is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight and Penelope is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is not a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Aurora is a knight and Penelope is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight and Penelope is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Aurora is a knight and Penelope is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Riley, Samuel, Sofia, Michael, and Ava. Riley asserted: "Ava is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave". Samuel said, "Sofia is a knight." Sofia said that Ava is a knave and Michael is a knave. Michael noted, "If Ava is a knight then Sofia is a knight". Ava said, "Samuel is a knave or Sofia is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Sofia is a knave, Michael is a knave, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) Sofia is a knave
(4) Michael is a knave
(5) Ava is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave or Sofia is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Ava is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave and Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Ava is a knight then Sofia is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ava is a knight then Sofia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Chloe, Benjamin, Ethan, Avery, and Emma. In Chloe's words: "Ethan is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave". "Chloe is not a knight," Benjamin mentioned. Ethan remarked, "If Benjamin is a knave then Chloe is a knave". Avery commented, "Benjamin is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave". Emma said, "Avery is a knight or Chloe is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Ethan is a knave, Avery is a knave, and Emma is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Ethan is a knave
(4) Avery is a knave
(5) Emma is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is not a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Ethan is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Ethan is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is not a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight or Chloe is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jackson, Amelia, Aurora, David, and Jack. Jackson noted, "Jack is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight". Amelia said, "If Aurora is a knave then David is a knave." Aurora said that David is a knave. David commented, "Jack is a knight and Jackson is a knight". "Aurora is not a knight" - Jack. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Aurora is a knight, David is a knave, and Jack is a knave.

(1) Jackson is a knave
(2) Amelia is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knight
(4) David is a knave
(5) Jack is a knave

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is not a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Aurora is not a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knight and Jackson is a knight.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that David is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David and Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is not a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knave then David is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ella, Elizabeth, Henry, Grace, and Luke. Ella expressed that Henry is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight. In a statement by Elizabeth: "Grace is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight". Henry expressed that Elizabeth is a knave and Luke is a knave. Grace commented, "Ella is a knave and Luke is a knave". "Ella is not a knave," Luke declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Henry is a knave, Grace is a knave, and Luke is a knight.

(1) Ella is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Henry is a knave
(4) Grace is a knave
(5) Luke is a knight

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Elizabeth is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Henry is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Grace is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Owen, Jack, Alexander, Sofia, and Mia. In a statement by Owen: "Mia is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight". Jack told you that If Owen is a knight then Mia is a knave. Alexander noted, "Owen is a knight". Sofia stated, "Sofia is a knight and Jack is a knave". Mia commented, "Owen is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen is a knight, Jack is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Sofia is a knight, and Mia is a knight.

(1) Owen is a knight
(2) Jack is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knight
(5) Mia is a knight

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is not a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Owen is a knight then Mia is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knight then Mia is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Alexander, Samuel, Isabella, Aurora, and Joseph. Alexander remarked, "Isabella is a knave". Samuel remarked, "Joseph is a knight". Isabella expressed that Alexander is not a knight. According to Aurora, "If Isabella is a knight then Samuel is a knight". As Joseph put it, "Aurora is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Isabella is a knave, Aurora is a knight, and Joseph is a knight.

(1) Alexander is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Isabella is a knave
(4) Aurora is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knight

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knight then Samuel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Abigail, Ava, Benjamin, Michael, and Riley. In a statement by Abigail: "Riley is a knave and Abigail is a knight". Ava remarked, "Benjamin is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight". Benjamin expressed that Abigail is a knight. "Abigail is a knight," Michael claimed. Riley stated, "Michael is a knave or Abigail is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail is a knave, Ava is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Michael is a knave, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Abigail is a knave
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knave
(4) Michael is a knave
(5) Riley is a knight

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave and Abigail is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Riley is a knave and Abigail is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Michael is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight.

(('and', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('<=>', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 0), ('or', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lucas, Jack, Oliver, Ava, and Amelia. Lucas commented, "Ava is a knight or Amelia is a knave". According to Jack, "If Lucas is a knave then Ava is a knight". In Oliver's words: "Lucas is a knight and Oliver is a knight". Ava commented, "Amelia is a knave or Jack is a knave". Amelia remarked, "Oliver is a knave and Ava is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knight, Jack is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Ava is a knight, and Amelia is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Ava is a knight
(5) Amelia is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight or Amelia is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave or Jack is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave and Ava is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Oliver is a knave and Ava is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight and Oliver is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Amelia is a knave or Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Lucas is a knave then Ava is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave and Ava is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight and Oliver is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knave then Ava is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sebastian, Ava, Daniel, Evelyn, and Samuel. Sebastian expressed that If Evelyn is a knight then Evelyn is a knave. According to Ava, "Evelyn is a knave". Daniel was heard saying, "Ava is a knave or Evelyn is a knave". Evelyn told you that Samuel is a knight. Samuel asserted: "If Daniel is a knave then Evelyn is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian is a knave, Ava is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, and Samuel is a knight.

(1) Sebastian is a knave
(2) Ava is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knight
(4) Evelyn is a knight
(5) Samuel is a knight

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that If Evelyn is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Daniel is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that If Daniel is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ava is a knave or Evelyn is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, Samuel, and Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Evelyn is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave or Evelyn is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Chloe, Mia, Jackson, Emily, and James. Chloe said, "Emily is not a knave." "James is a knave or Chloe is a knight," Mia declared. Jackson was heard saying, "If Mia is a knave then Jackson is a knight". "Chloe is a knave or Jackson is a knight" - Emily. James asserted: "Jackson is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knight, Mia is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Emily is a knight, and James is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Mia is a knight
(3) Jackson is a knight
(4) Emily is a knight
(5) James is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is not a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or Chloe is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Avery, Evelyn, Emily, Noah, and Ava. "Evelyn is a knight and Ava is a knight," Avery claimed. Evelyn said, "Ava is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight." Emily was heard saying, "Evelyn is a knight and Avery is a knight". In a statement by Noah: "Evelyn is a knave". Ava expressed that Avery is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, Emily is a knave, Noah is a knight, and Ava is a knave.

(1) Avery is a knave
(2) Evelyn is a knave
(3) Emily is a knave
(4) Noah is a knight
(5) Ava is a knave

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Ava is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Evelyn is a knight and Ava is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Evelyn is a knight and Ava is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Evelyn is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Ava is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Ava is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is not a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is a knight and Avery is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight and Avery is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Scarlett, Sofia, Zoey, Matthew, and Henry. Scarlett said that If Henry is a knight then Henry is a knave. Sofia told you that Zoey is a knave and Henry is a knight. In Zoey's words: "If Sofia is a knight then Henry is a knave". Matthew was heard saying, "If Scarlett is a knave then Henry is a knave". Henry remarked, "Zoey is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Matthew is a knight, and Henry is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knight
(2) Sofia is a knave
(3) Zoey is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Henry is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that If Henry is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave and Henry is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave and Henry is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Henry is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Chloe, Mason, Oliver, Matthew, and Charlotte. "Charlotte is a knave and Mason is a knight," Chloe mentioned. In Mason's words: "Charlotte is a knight and Matthew is a knight". Oliver commented, "Matthew is not a knave". "If Mason is a knight then Matthew is a knight," Matthew declared. "Chloe is a knight" - Charlotte. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knave, Mason is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Matthew is a knight, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) Chloe is a knave
(2) Mason is a knave
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Charlotte is a knave

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave and Mason is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Charlotte is a knave and Mason is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave and Mason is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Charlotte is a knave and Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mason is a knight then Matthew is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knave.

(('and', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('lying', 3)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('telling-truth', 0))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: William, Charlotte, Michael, Oliver, and Chloe. William asserted: "If Chloe is a knight then Charlotte is a knave". According to Charlotte, "Chloe is a knight or William is a knight". "William is a knave" - Michael. According to Oliver, "Charlotte is a knight and Chloe is a knight". "Michael is a knight if and only if William is a knight," Chloe claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Michael is a knave, Oliver is a knave, and Chloe is a knave.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Michael is a knave
(4) Oliver is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knight then Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight if and only if William is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Michael is a knight if and only if William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight if and only if William is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or William is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

(('->', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 1)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('lying', 0), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Isabella, Emily, Penelope, Jacob, and Owen. Isabella noted, "Owen is a knave and Jacob is a knight". Emily was heard saying, "Jacob is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight". "Owen is a knight or Emily is a knight," Penelope mentioned. According to Jacob, "Owen is a knave". In Owen's words: "Isabella is a knight or Owen is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella is a knave, Emily is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Jacob is a knave, and Owen is a knight.

(1) Isabella is a knave
(2) Emily is a knave
(3) Penelope is a knight
(4) Jacob is a knave
(5) Owen is a knight

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Owen is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Isabella is a knight or Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight or Owen is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight or Emily is a knight.

(('and', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('<=>', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('lying', 4), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Jack, Sophia, Benjamin, and Elizabeth. "Emily is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave" - Emily. "Elizabeth is not a knave," Jack claimed. Sophia expressed that If Elizabeth is a knight then Emily is a knave. Benjamin said that Elizabeth is a knight or Sophia is a knave. "Emily is a knave and Benjamin is a knave" - Elizabeth. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knight, Jack is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Jack is a knave
(3) Sophia is a knight
(4) Benjamin is a knave
(5) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Emily is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave and Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Elizabeth is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Elizabeth is a knight then Emily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knight then Emily is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Charlotte, Harper, Oliver, Matthew, and Daniel. Charlotte stated, "Daniel is a knave or Harper is a knave". Harper asserted: "Oliver is a knave and Charlotte is a knight". Oliver stated, "Oliver is a knight and Daniel is a knave". Matthew said that Oliver is a knight. As Daniel put it, "If Charlotte is a knight then Matthew is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knight, Harper is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Matthew is a knave, and Daniel is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Harper is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knave
(4) Matthew is a knave
(5) Daniel is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or Harper is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knight and Daniel is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Oliver is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that If Charlotte is a knight then Matthew is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that If Charlotte is a knight then Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight and Daniel is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mia, Penelope, Ella, Charlotte, and Riley. "Ella is a knave," Mia declared. In Penelope's words: "Penelope is a knight". "Riley is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave" - Ella. Charlotte told you that Ella is not a knave. Riley said that If Penelope is a knight then Charlotte is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Ella is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Mia is a knave
(2) Penelope is a knave
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) Charlotte is a knight
(5) Riley is a knight

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Penelope is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is not a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that If Penelope is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Riley is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Penelope is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Riley is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that If Penelope is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, Riley, and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Riley is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Owen, Noah, Chloe, Henry, and Mason. As Owen put it, "If Noah is a knave then Chloe is a knave". Noah noted, "If Noah is a knight then Mason is a knight". Chloe said that Henry is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight. In Henry's words: "Chloe is a knight and Noah is a knight". Mason was heard saying, "Chloe is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen is a knight, Noah is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Henry is a knight, and Mason is a knight.

(1) Owen is a knight
(2) Noah is a knight
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) Henry is a knight
(5) Mason is a knight

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight and Noah is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lily, Evelyn, Michael, Luke, and Emma. "Luke is a knave," Lily declared. "If Evelyn is a knight then Luke is a knave," Evelyn mentioned. Michael told you that If Luke is a knave then Michael is a knight. Luke expressed that Michael is a knight or Luke is a knight. In a statement by Emma: "Michael is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Michael is a knave, Luke is a knave, and Emma is a knave.

(1) Lily is a knight
(2) Evelyn is a knight
(3) Michael is a knave
(4) Luke is a knave
(5) Emma is a knave

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Michael is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Luke is a knave then Michael is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knight then Luke is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mia, Lucas, Grace, Ella, and Aiden. Mia expressed that Grace is a knave or Grace is a knight. According to Lucas, "If Grace is a knight then Mia is a knave". "Ella is not a knave," Grace claimed. Ella told you that Ella is a knight or Lucas is a knight. Aiden stated, "Mia is a knight if and only if Grace is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Grace is a knight, Ella is a knight, and Aiden is a knight.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Lucas is a knave
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Ella is a knight
(5) Aiden is a knight

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave or Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Grace is a knight then Mia is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Grace is a knight then Mia is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight if and only if Grace is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: James, Jacob, Riley, Scarlett, and Victoria. James said that Scarlett is a knight if and only if James is a knight. "James is not a knight," Jacob declared. "Victoria is a knight" - Riley. Scarlett asserted: "Riley is a knave". According to Victoria, "Jacob is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Riley is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, and Victoria is a knave.

(1) James is a knight
(2) Jacob is a knave
(3) Riley is a knave
(4) Scarlett is a knight
(5) Victoria is a knave

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if James is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is not a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Isabella, Daniel, Lucas, Harper, and Mason. Isabella was heard saying, "Lucas is a knight". Daniel commented, "Mason is a knave or Harper is a knight". According to Lucas, "Daniel is a knight and Mason is a knave". As Harper put it, "If Lucas is a knave then Isabella is a knave". Mason said that Daniel is a knave and Lucas is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Harper is a knight, and Mason is a knave.

(1) Isabella is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knight
(4) Harper is a knight
(5) Mason is a knave

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight and Mason is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave or Harper is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Daniel is a knight and Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave and Lucas is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knave then Isabella is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Evelyn, Grace, Emma, Mason, and Mia. According to Evelyn, "Emma is a knight and Grace is a knave". Grace asserted: "Emma is a knave and Mia is a knave". "Evelyn is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight," Emma mentioned. "If Emma is a knight then Grace is a knight," Mason mentioned. "Evelyn is a knight or Mason is a knave" - Mia. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knight, Grace is a knave, Emma is a knight, Mason is a knave, and Mia is a knight.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Grace is a knave
(3) Emma is a knight
(4) Mason is a knave
(5) Mia is a knight

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Grace is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Emma is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that If Emma is a knight then Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emma is a knight then Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave and Mia is a knave.