A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Alexander, Sebastian, Victoria, and Aurora. "Victoria is not a knave," Emily claimed. "Victoria is not a knight," Alexander claimed. In Sebastian's words: "Victoria is a knave or Victoria is a knight". Victoria expressed that Alexander is a knave or Aurora is a knave. Aurora expressed that Emily is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily Alexander Sebastian Victoria Aurora

Emily is a knight, Alexander is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, Victoria is a knight, and Aurora is a knave.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Alexander is a knave
(3) Sebastian is a knight
(4) Victoria is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knave

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave or Aurora is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave or Victoria is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Zoey, Mia, Noah, Evelyn, and Jackson. "Jackson is a knave," Zoey declared. "Noah is a knight or Jackson is a knight," Mia claimed. As Noah put it, "Jackson is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight". "Mia is a knave," Evelyn mentioned. Jackson commented, "Zoey is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Zoey is a knave, Mia is a knight, Noah is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, and Jackson is a knight.

(1) Zoey is a knave
(2) Mia is a knight
(3) Noah is a knight
(4) Evelyn is a knave
(5) Jackson is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight or Jackson is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Jackson is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Noah is a knight or Jackson is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight or Jackson is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Noah is a knight or Jackson is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Jackson is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, Noah, Mia, and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Jackson is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Riley, Luke, Sophia, Lily, and Charlotte. Riley remarked, "Sophia is a knave". Luke remarked, "Luke is a knight and Lily is a knave". "Charlotte is a knight and Lily is a knight," Sophia declared. Lily said, "If Charlotte is a knave then Luke is a knight." "Luke is not a knave," Charlotte declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knight, Luke is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Lily is a knave, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) Riley is a knight
(2) Luke is a knave
(3) Sophia is a knave
(4) Lily is a knave
(5) Charlotte is a knave

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Lily is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight and Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Luke is a knight and Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Charlotte is a knave then Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Luke is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Luke is not a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Charlotte is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Charlotte is a knave then Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sophia, Benjamin, Michael, Charlotte, and Evelyn. Sophia noted, "Evelyn is a knave". "If Michael is a knight then Charlotte is a knave," Benjamin claimed. In Michael's words: "If Benjamin is a knight then Benjamin is a knave". Charlotte asserted: "Sophia is a knave". Evelyn said, "Charlotte is a knave or Michael is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia Benjamin Michael Charlotte Evelyn

Sophia is a knave, Benjamin is a knight, Michael is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, and Evelyn is a knight.

(1) Sophia is a knave
(2) Benjamin is a knight
(3) Michael is a knave
(4) Charlotte is a knight
(5) Evelyn is a knight

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Charlotte is a knave or Michael is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte and Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Charlotte is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Benjamin is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knight then Charlotte is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aurora, Owen, Scarlett, Elizabeth, and Mason. Aurora expressed that Scarlett is a knave and Scarlett is a knight. "Mason is not a knight," Owen declared. In a statement by Scarlett: "Elizabeth is not a knave". "Elizabeth is a knight and Aurora is a knight," Elizabeth claimed. "Aurora is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave," Mason declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora is a knave, Owen is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, and Mason is a knave.

(1) Aurora is a knave
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) Scarlett is a knave
(4) Elizabeth is a knave
(5) Mason is a knave

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Elizabeth is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

(('and', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)), ('not', ('lying', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Michael, Zoey, Jacob, Liam, and Amelia. Michael told you that Liam is a knave or Liam is a knight. Zoey commented, "Amelia is a knave and Michael is a knave". Jacob expressed that Zoey is a knave and Amelia is a knight. "Amelia is a knight" - Liam. Amelia said, "Jacob is a knave and Amelia is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Jacob is a knave, Liam is a knave, and Amelia is a knave.

(1) Michael is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) Jacob is a knave
(4) Liam is a knave
(5) Amelia is a knave

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave or Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Jacob is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave and Michael is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Zoey is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey and Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and Michael is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Victoria, Mia, Michael, Jackson, and Lily. Victoria asserted: "Michael is not a knight". Mia remarked, "Victoria is a knave". Michael stated, "Mia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight". Jackson expressed that Victoria is not a knight. Lily asserted: "If Victoria is a knight then Lily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria is a knave, Mia is a knight, Michael is a knight, Jackson is a knight, and Lily is a knight.

(1) Victoria is a knave
(2) Mia is a knight
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) Jackson is a knight
(5) Lily is a knight

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Mia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia and Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knight then Lily is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mia, Aiden, Mason, Sofia, and Jackson. In Mia's words: "Mason is a knight". According to Aiden, "Aiden is a knight or Mason is a knave". "Aiden is not a knave," Mason mentioned. Sofia expressed that Mia is a knight. Jackson noted, "Aiden is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Mason is a knight, Sofia is a knight, and Jackson is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Mason is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knight
(5) Jackson is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is not a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is not a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is not a knight.

(('telling-truth', 2), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 2)), ('not', ('lying', 1)), ('telling-truth', 0), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Chloe, Charlotte, Daniel, Samuel, and Riley. Chloe was heard saying, "Charlotte is a knight". Charlotte was heard saying, "Daniel is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight". According to Daniel, "If Daniel is a knight then Samuel is a knight". Samuel said, "If Daniel is a knave then Chloe is a knave." In Riley's words: "Samuel is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knave
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knight
(4) Samuel is a knight
(5) Riley is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knight then Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Harper, Scarlett, James, Abigail, and Aurora. "Abigail is a knave and Aurora is a knight," Harper declared. Scarlett asserted: "Harper is a knave or James is a knave". "If Abigail is a knave then Harper is a knave" - James. Abigail stated, "Aurora is a knight or Harper is a knave". Aurora was heard saying, "James is a knight if and only if James is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, James is a knight, Abigail is a knight, and Aurora is a knave.

(1) Harper is a knave
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) James is a knight
(4) Abigail is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knave

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Abigail is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight or Harper is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Aurora is a knight or Harper is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Abigail is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora and Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight or Harper is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knave then Harper is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave or James is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aurora, Logan, Ethan, Grace, and Noah. Aurora expressed that Aurora is a knight and Ethan is a knight. Logan said, "Aurora is a knight and Noah is a knight." As Ethan put it, "If Aurora is a knight then Logan is a knight". "Logan is a knave or Noah is a knight," Grace mentioned. As Noah put it, "If Noah is a knight then Aurora is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora is a knave, Logan is a knave, Ethan is a knight, Grace is a knight, and Noah is a knight.

(1) Aurora is a knave
(2) Logan is a knave
(3) Ethan is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Noah is a knight

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knight then Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight and Noah is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Noah is a knight then Aurora is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Aurora is a knight and Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that If Aurora is a knight then Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Aurora is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knight and Noah is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight and Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knight then Aurora is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave or Noah is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Logan, Aiden, Zoey, David, and Jack. "Zoey is not a knight," Logan mentioned. Aiden stated, "David is a knave and Aiden is a knight". Zoey noted, "Jack is a knave and Aiden is a knave". David stated, "David is a knight if and only if Logan is a knight". Jack said that Logan is a knave and Logan is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Zoey is a knave, David is a knave, and Jack is a knave.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Zoey is a knave
(4) David is a knave
(5) Jack is a knave

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Zoey is not a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave and Aiden is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that David is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight if and only if Logan is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Joseph, Emily, David, Zoey, and Aria. As Joseph put it, "If David is a knight then Emily is a knight". Emily commented, "Zoey is not a knave". "Joseph is a knight," David mentioned. Zoey noted, "If Aria is a knight then Zoey is a knight". "Joseph is a knave and Zoey is a knave," Aria claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knight, Emily is a knight, David is a knight, Zoey is a knight, and Aria is a knave.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Emily is a knight
(3) David is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Aria is a knave

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knight then Emily is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knight then Zoey is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knave and Zoey is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave and Zoey is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Owen, Grace, Emily, Ella, and Charlotte. As Owen put it, "If Emily is a knave then Grace is a knight". Grace said that Owen is a knave and Owen is a knight. According to Emily, "Grace is a knight". Ella remarked, "Grace is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight". Charlotte commented, "If Ella is a knight then Emily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen is a knave, Grace is a knave, Emily is a knave, Ella is a knave, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Owen is a knave
(2) Grace is a knave
(3) Emily is a knave
(4) Ella is a knave
(5) Charlotte is a knight

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knave then Grace is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that If Emily is a knave then Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace and Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emily is a knave then Grace is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that If Emily is a knave then Grace is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that If Emily is a knave then Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then Emily is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Evelyn, Penelope, Jackson, Michael, and Sophia. According to Evelyn, "Jackson is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight". "Jackson is a knight or Sophia is a knight" - Penelope. Jackson said, "Penelope is a knave and Evelyn is a knight." Michael remarked, "Penelope is not a knight". According to Sophia, "Michael is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Jackson is a knave, Michael is a knave, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) Jackson is a knave
(4) Michael is a knave
(5) Sophia is a knight

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Jackson is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight or Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is not a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Isabella, Samuel, Aurora, Matthew, and Mason. Isabella told you that Matthew is not a knave. Samuel commented, "Aurora is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave". Aurora noted, "Aurora is a knight and Samuel is a knight". "Samuel is a knave," Matthew mentioned. Mason said that Samuel is a knave if and only if Mason is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Aurora is a knave, Matthew is a knight, and Mason is a knight.

(1) Isabella is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) Aurora is a knave
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Mason is a knight

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Mason is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Liam, Zoey, Matthew, Avery, and Daniel. Liam said, "If Avery is a knight then Daniel is a knave." Zoey commented, "Daniel is not a knight". Matthew remarked, "If Matthew is a knight then Avery is a knight". "Zoey is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight," Avery mentioned. According to Daniel, "Avery is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam is a knave, Zoey is a knave, Matthew is a knight, Avery is a knight, and Daniel is a knight.

(1) Liam is a knave
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) Matthew is a knight
(4) Avery is a knight
(5) Daniel is a knight

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Avery is a knight then Daniel is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that If Avery is a knight then Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Daniel is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Daniel is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Matthew is a knight then Avery is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Matthew is a knight then Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew and Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, Zoey, and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Avery is a knight then Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that If Avery is a knight then Daniel is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knight then Avery is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Penelope, Jacob, Liam, Matthew, and Chloe. In Penelope's words: "Liam is a knave or Jacob is a knight". In Jacob's words: "Matthew is a knight or Matthew is a knave". In a statement by Liam: "Penelope is a knave or Matthew is a knight". As Matthew put it, "Jacob is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave". Chloe told you that Liam is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Liam is a knight, Matthew is a knight, and Chloe is a knight.

(1) Penelope is a knight
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Liam is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Chloe is a knight

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight or Matthew is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aiden, Ethan, Riley, Matthew, and Scarlett. Aiden told you that Scarlett is a knave. Ethan asserted: "Aiden is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight". Riley commented, "If Ethan is a knave then Riley is a knight". Matthew asserted: "Ethan is a knave or Aiden is a knight". "Riley is not a knight," Scarlett declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Riley is a knight, Matthew is a knight, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Ethan is a knave
(3) Riley is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Scarlett is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knave then Riley is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Aiden is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ethan is a knave or Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave or Aiden is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Riley, Aiden, Victoria, Emily, and Michael. As Riley put it, "Victoria is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knave". Aiden noted, "If Michael is a knight then Emily is a knave". According to Victoria, "Michael is a knave or Michael is a knight". "Michael is a knave and Riley is a knight," Emily mentioned. "Riley is a knave" - Michael. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knave, Aiden is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Emily is a knave, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Emily is a knave
(5) Michael is a knight

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knight then Emily is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that If Michael is a knight then Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Riley is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mason, David, Chloe, Zoey, and Penelope. "Chloe is a knave and Chloe is a knight," Mason claimed. David said, "Chloe is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight." Chloe noted, "Mason is a knave if and only if David is a knight". Zoey said, "Chloe is not a knave." As Penelope put it, "If David is a knight then David is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason is a knave, David is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Zoey is a knight, and Penelope is a knave.

(1) Mason is a knave
(2) David is a knight
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knave

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Chloe is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If David is a knight then David is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Zoey, Lucas, Sofia, Daniel, and James. As Zoey put it, "Lucas is not a knight". Lucas said, "If Sofia is a knave then James is a knave." "If James is a knight then Daniel is a knave," Sofia declared. "James is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knight," Daniel declared. James noted, "Sofia is a knight and Zoey is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Zoey is a knave, Lucas is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Daniel is a knight, and James is a knave.

(1) Zoey is a knave
(2) Lucas is a knight
(3) Sofia is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knight
(5) James is a knave

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Lucas is not a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sofia is a knave then James is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that If Sofia is a knave then James is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If James is a knight then Daniel is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight and Zoey is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that If Sofia is a knave then James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, Sofia, and Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is not a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knave then James is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knight then Daniel is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Zoey is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: William, Lily, Harper, Aria, and Aiden. William was heard saying, "Harper is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight". Lily stated, "If Harper is a knave then Aiden is a knave". According to Harper, "Lily is a knight or Aiden is a knight". Aria commented, "Lily is a knave or William is a knave". Aiden asserted: "If Aria is a knave then William is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knave, Lily is a knight, Harper is a knight, Aria is a knight, and Aiden is a knight.

(1) William is a knave
(2) Lily is a knight
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Aria is a knight
(5) Aiden is a knight

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knave then Aiden is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Harper is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Aria is a knave then William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Harper is a knave then Aiden is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Lily is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Harper is a knave then Aiden is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Lily is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that Harper is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, Lily, and Harper, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knave then William is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave or William is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Abigail, Lucas, Joseph, Daniel, and Penelope. Abigail commented, "If Lucas is a knave then Joseph is a knave". Lucas told you that Abigail is a knave or Joseph is a knave. Joseph was heard saying, "Daniel is not a knight". Daniel stated, "Abigail is a knave or Penelope is a knight". "Abigail is a knight or Penelope is a knight," Penelope mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Daniel is a knight, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Abigail is a knight
(2) Lucas is a knight
(3) Joseph is a knave
(4) Daniel is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knight

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knave then Joseph is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Abigail is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight or Penelope is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Oliver, Jackson, Alexander, Olivia, and Harper. "Jackson is not a knight," Oliver declared. Jackson said, "Harper is a knave." Alexander commented, "Harper is not a knight". Olivia expressed that Oliver is not a knave. Harper said that Alexander is a knight or Oliver is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver is a knight, Jackson is a knave, Alexander is a knave, Olivia is a knight, and Harper is a knight.

(1) Oliver is a knight
(2) Jackson is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knave
(4) Olivia is a knight
(5) Harper is a knight

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Jackson is not a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Oliver is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is not a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 1)), ('lying', 4), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)), ('not', ('lying', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emma, Benjamin, Mia, Elizabeth, and Chloe. "Elizabeth is not a knight" - Emma. Benjamin remarked, "Mia is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave". In Mia's words: "If Chloe is a knight then Emma is a knave". "Mia is a knight or Chloe is a knight," Elizabeth declared. Chloe told you that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Mia is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, and Chloe is a knave.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) Elizabeth is a knight
(5) Chloe is a knave

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Mia is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Chloe is a knight then Emma is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Mia is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that If Chloe is a knight then Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, Mia, and Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knight then Emma is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 3)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: David, Mason, Alexander, Chloe, and Penelope. David remarked, "David is a knight and Alexander is a knight". "If David is a knight then Mason is a knight," Mason declared. Alexander commented, "Chloe is not a knight". "Alexander is a knight and Mason is a knight," Chloe claimed. As Penelope put it, "Alexander is a knave if and only if David is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knight, Mason is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Chloe is a knave, and Penelope is a knave.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Mason is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Penelope is a knave

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Chloe is not a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Alexander is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If David is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('<=>', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ava, Samuel, Oliver, Lily, and Aria. "If Lily is a knight then Oliver is a knight" - Ava. In Samuel's words: "Lily is not a knave". Oliver stated, "Ava is a knave or Lily is a knave". Lily said that Lily is a knight. In Aria's words: "Samuel is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Lily is a knave, and Aria is a knight.

(1) Ava is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Lily is a knave
(5) Aria is a knight

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knight then Oliver is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knave or Lily is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that If Lily is a knight then Oliver is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave or Lily is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is not a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is not a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Oliver, Lily, Logan, Chloe, and Jackson. Oliver said, "Jackson is not a knave." "Chloe is a knight and Logan is a knight," Lily mentioned. As Logan put it, "Jackson is a knight if and only if Lily is a knave". As Chloe put it, "Lily is a knight and Oliver is a knight". Jackson was heard saying, "Lily is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver is a knight, Lily is a knave, Logan is a knight, Chloe is a knave, and Jackson is a knight.

(1) Oliver is a knight
(2) Lily is a knave
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Jackson is a knight

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knight and Oliver is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight and Oliver is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Lily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Zoey, Riley, Henry, Victoria, and Logan. In Zoey's words: "Victoria is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight". "If Logan is a knave then Logan is a knight," Riley claimed. Henry commented, "Logan is a knight". Victoria said, "Zoey is a knight." Logan said that Henry is a knave or Zoey is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Zoey is a knave, Riley is a knight, Henry is a knight, Victoria is a knave, and Logan is a knight.

(1) Zoey is a knave
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Henry is a knight
(4) Victoria is a knave
(5) Logan is a knight

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knave then Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave or Zoey is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Henry is a knave or Zoey is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that If Logan is a knave then Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Victoria is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Avery, Jackson, Sebastian, Samuel, and Sophia. In a statement by Avery: "Jackson is a knave". According to Jackson, "Sophia is not a knave". "Sophia is a knave if and only if Avery is a knave," Sebastian claimed. "Avery is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knave" - Samuel. Sophia stated, "If Sebastian is a knight then Sophia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Samuel is a knave, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) Avery is a knave
(2) Jackson is a knight
(3) Sebastian is a knave
(4) Samuel is a knave
(5) Sophia is a knight

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is not a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Sophia is not a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knave if and only if Avery is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that If Sebastian is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, Sophia, and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Avery is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Alexander, Emma, Logan, Olivia, and Jacob. "If Olivia is a knave then Emma is a knave," Alexander claimed. "If Jacob is a knight then Alexander is a knight," Emma claimed. As Logan put it, "Alexander is a knave". "Logan is a knave," Olivia claimed. Jacob said, "Olivia is not a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander is a knight, Emma is a knight, Logan is a knave, Olivia is a knight, and Jacob is a knave.

(1) Alexander is a knight
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Olivia is a knight
(5) Jacob is a knave

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knave then Emma is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jacob is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is not a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: James, Mason, Lucas, Alexander, and Evelyn. In James's words: "Mason is not a knight". Mason expressed that Lucas is a knave and James is a knight. "If James is a knight then Lucas is a knight," Lucas declared. "If Mason is a knight then Evelyn is a knight," Alexander claimed. Evelyn told you that Lucas is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James is a knight, Mason is a knave, Lucas is a knight, Alexander is a knight, and Evelyn is a knight.

(1) James is a knight
(2) Mason is a knave
(3) Lucas is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knight
(5) Evelyn is a knight

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave and James is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knight then Lucas is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mason is a knight then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lucas, Matthew, Aria, Michael, and Scarlett. Lucas was heard saying, "Lucas is a knight". According to Matthew, "If Aria is a knave then Michael is a knave". "If Scarlett is a knight then Lucas is a knave" - Aria. Michael remarked, "Scarlett is a knight or Matthew is a knight". "Lucas is a knave or Aria is a knight," Scarlett mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knave, Matthew is a knight, Aria is a knight, Michael is a knight, and Scarlett is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knave
(2) Matthew is a knight
(3) Aria is a knight
(4) Michael is a knight
(5) Scarlett is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knave then Michael is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that If Scarlett is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lucas is a knave or Aria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave or Aria is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that If Scarlett is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aria is a knave then Michael is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that If Aria is a knave then Michael is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, Aria, and Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Aria is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight or Matthew is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: William, James, Ella, Zoey, and Liam. William noted, "If Zoey is a knight then James is a knave". James said, "Ella is not a knave." "James is a knave or William is a knave," Ella mentioned. Zoey was heard saying, "Zoey is a knight". In a statement by Liam: "If Ella is a knight then James is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knave, James is a knight, Ella is a knight, Zoey is a knight, and Liam is a knight.

(1) William is a knave
(2) James is a knight
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Liam is a knight

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then James is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that If Zoey is a knight then James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Ella is not a knave.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knave or William is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and James, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knave or William is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Ella is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider James.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, James, and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Zoey is a knight then James is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or William is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then James is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Riley, Zoey, Jack, Olivia, and Penelope. Riley said that Riley is a knight. Zoey said that Olivia is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave. Jack commented, "Penelope is a knave". In Olivia's words: "Olivia is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight". "Jack is a knight or Zoey is a knave," Penelope claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Jack is a knave, Olivia is a knave, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) Jack is a knave
(4) Olivia is a knave
(5) Penelope is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jack is a knight or Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knight or Zoey is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Penelope is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope and Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Olivia is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Olivia is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight or Zoey is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emma, Samuel, Joseph, James, and Sophia. As Emma put it, "Sophia is a knight". "Samuel is a knight or Joseph is a knave," Samuel mentioned. Joseph said that Sophia is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight. James noted, "Emma is not a knight". As Sophia put it, "Joseph is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Joseph is a knave, James is a knight, and Sophia is a knave.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Joseph is a knave
(4) James is a knight
(5) Sophia is a knave

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sophia is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight or Joseph is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knight.

(('telling-truth', 4), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 2)), ('<=>', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 2))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Charlotte, Luke, Victoria, Zoey, and Avery. Charlotte expressed that Avery is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight. In Luke's words: "Avery is a knave and Zoey is a knight". Victoria asserted: "Charlotte is not a knave". In Zoey's words: "Victoria is a knight". Avery noted, "Zoey is a knave and Charlotte is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knight, Luke is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Zoey is a knight, and Avery is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Luke is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Avery is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave and Zoey is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Owen, Olivia, Logan, Charlotte, and Henry. As Owen put it, "Logan is a knave if and only if Logan is a knight". In a statement by Olivia: "If Owen is a knave then Owen is a knight". Logan expressed that Owen is not a knight. "Olivia is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight," Charlotte declared. As Henry put it, "Logan is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen is a knave, Olivia is a knave, Logan is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, and Henry is a knave.

(1) Owen is a knave
(2) Olivia is a knave
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Charlotte is a knave
(5) Henry is a knave

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knave if and only if Logan is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is not a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Owen is a knave then Owen is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knave then Owen is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jackson, Scarlett, Isabella, David, and Luke. Jackson remarked, "David is a knave and Isabella is a knave". "David is not a knave" - Scarlett. Isabella said that Jackson is a knave and David is a knave. David said that Luke is a knight or Luke is a knave. Luke told you that Scarlett is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Isabella is a knave, David is a knight, and Luke is a knave.

(1) Jackson is a knave
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Isabella is a knave
(4) David is a knight
(5) Luke is a knave

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave and Isabella is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that David is a knave and Isabella is a knave.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Luke is a knight or Luke is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave and Isabella is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight or Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that David is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knave and David is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave and David is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Oliver, Charlotte, Jack, Daniel, and Abigail. Oliver said, "If Charlotte is a knave then Charlotte is a knight." Charlotte told you that Daniel is a knave. Jack said that Charlotte is a knave or Oliver is a knight. Daniel asserted: "Charlotte is a knight and Oliver is a knave". Abigail remarked, "If Daniel is a knave then Oliver is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Jack is a knight, Daniel is a knave, and Abigail is a knave.

(1) Oliver is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Jack is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knave
(5) Abigail is a knave

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Daniel is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Oliver is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Oliver is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Daniel is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Daniel is a knave then Oliver is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Daniel, Sophia, Riley, Ethan, and Lily. "Lily is not a knight" - Daniel. Sophia remarked, "Ethan is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight". Riley commented, "Ethan is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight". According to Ethan, "Sophia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight". Lily commented, "Riley is a knight or Riley is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Riley is a knave, Ethan is a knight, and Lily is a knight.

(1) Daniel is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knave
(3) Riley is a knave
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Lily is a knight

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Lily is not a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Riley is a knight or Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight or Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Ethan is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Sophia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia and Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Penelope, Avery, Aurora, Joseph, and Chloe. Penelope noted, "Chloe is a knight or Aurora is a knave". Avery expressed that Avery is a knight or Chloe is a knave. "Avery is a knight or Joseph is a knave," Aurora declared. According to Joseph, "If Penelope is a knave then Avery is a knave". Chloe said, "Avery is a knave and Avery is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope is a knave, Avery is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Joseph is a knave, and Chloe is a knave.

(1) Penelope is a knave
(2) Avery is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knight
(4) Joseph is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knave

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or Aurora is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave and Avery is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave and Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight or Chloe is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Chloe is a knight or Aurora is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is a knight or Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is a knight or Chloe is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight or Aurora is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Chloe is a knight or Aurora is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight or Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Penelope is a knave then Avery is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Penelope is a knave then Avery is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jack, Isabella, Joseph, Mia, and Emma. "Emma is a knight," Jack declared. Isabella expressed that Emma is not a knave. "Emma is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave" - Joseph. Mia noted, "If Jack is a knight then Emma is a knave". As Emma put it, "Joseph is a knave or Mia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Mia is a knave, and Emma is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Joseph is a knave
(4) Mia is a knave
(5) Emma is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave or Mia is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Jack is a knight then Emma is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Emma is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Emma is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jack is a knight then Emma is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Evelyn, Oliver, Sofia, Chloe, and Mason. "Oliver is not a knave," Evelyn claimed. As Oliver put it, "Chloe is not a knight". "If Mason is a knave then Mason is a knight," Sofia mentioned. Chloe expressed that Mason is a knight and Oliver is a knight. Mason was heard saying, "Oliver is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Chloe is a knave, and Mason is a knave.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knight
(3) Sofia is a knave
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Mason is a knave

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Chloe is not a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and Oliver is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Mason is a knight and Oliver is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is not a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Mason is a knave then Mason is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Mason is a knave then Mason is a knight.

(('not', ('lying', 1)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('->', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jack, Joseph, Mason, Riley, and William. Jack was heard saying, "Jack is a knight or Mason is a knight". "Jack is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight" - Joseph. Mason said, "If William is a knave then Jack is a knight." Riley asserted: "Riley is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave". According to William, "Mason is a knave and Jack is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Mason is a knight, Riley is a knave, and William is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Joseph is a knave
(3) Mason is a knight
(4) Riley is a knave
(5) William is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight or Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knave then Jack is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Jack is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Jack is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Penelope, Riley, Aria, Emma, and Abigail. "Emma is not a knave," Penelope mentioned. Riley asserted: "Emma is a knave". "Aria is a knight or Emma is a knave," Aria mentioned. "Aria is a knight" - Emma. Abigail was heard saying, "Emma is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope is a knight, Riley is a knave, Aria is a knight, Emma is a knight, and Abigail is a knight.

(1) Penelope is a knight
(2) Riley is a knave
(3) Aria is a knight
(4) Emma is a knight
(5) Abigail is a knight

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight or Emma is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight.

(('not', ('lying', 3)), ('lying', 3), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 3)), ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Samuel, Scarlett, Emma, Zoey, and Ella. As Samuel put it, "Emma is a knave and Zoey is a knave". In a statement by Scarlett: "Zoey is not a knight". As Emma put it, "Ella is a knight and Samuel is a knave". According to Zoey, "Emma is a knight". Ella expressed that Zoey is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Emma is a knave, Zoey is a knave, and Ella is a knight.

(1) Samuel is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Zoey is a knave
(5) Ella is a knight

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave and Zoey is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Emma is a knave and Zoey is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Emma is a knave and Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knight.

(('and', ('lying', 2), ('lying', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 0)), ('telling-truth', 2), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Harper, Benjamin, Logan, Samuel, and Charlotte. Harper stated, "If Benjamin is a knight then Samuel is a knight". As Benjamin put it, "Samuel is a knight". Logan said, "Benjamin is not a knave." Samuel stated, "Charlotte is a knave". Charlotte noted, "Harper is a knight or Harper is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Logan is a knave, Samuel is a knave, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Harper is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Samuel is a knave
(5) Charlotte is a knight

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knight then Samuel is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Charlotte is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Harper is a knight or Harper is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that If Benjamin is a knight then Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight or Harper is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knave.