A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: William, Owen, Charlotte, Aurora, and Victoria. According to William, "Owen is a knave or William is a knight". Owen said that Owen is a knight if and only if William is a knave. In a statement by Charlotte: "Aurora is a knight or Aurora is a knave". Aurora said, "Owen is a knight and Victoria is a knight." In a statement by Victoria: "Victoria is a knight and Owen is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knave, Owen is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Aurora is a knave, and Victoria is a knave.

(1) William is a knave
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knight
(4) Aurora is a knave
(5) Victoria is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave or William is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Owen is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave or William is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight or Aurora is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knight and Owen is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Owen is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Owen is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight and Owen is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Michael, Victoria, Elizabeth, Abigail, and William. Michael said that William is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave. In a statement by Victoria: "William is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave". "Michael is not a knave" - Elizabeth. Abigail noted, "Michael is not a knave". William said that Michael is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael Victoria Elizabeth Abigail William

Michael is a knave, Victoria is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Abigail is a knave, and William is a knave.

(1) Michael is a knave
(2) Victoria is a knave
(3) Elizabeth is a knave
(4) Abigail is a knave
(5) William is a knave

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Michael is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Michael is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider William.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that William is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is not a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that Michael is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ethan, Noah, David, Samuel, and Emma. Ethan said that David is a knight. "Samuel is a knave and Emma is a knave," Noah mentioned. David asserted: "Emma is not a knave". According to Samuel, "David is not a knight". Emma was heard saying, "If Samuel is a knave then Noah is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan is a knight, Noah is a knave, David is a knight, Samuel is a knave, and Emma is a knight.

(1) Ethan is a knight
(2) Noah is a knave
(3) David is a knight
(4) Samuel is a knave
(5) Emma is a knight

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knave then Noah is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is not a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is not a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knave and Emma is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave and Emma is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Matthew, Avery, Harper, Mason, and Sofia. Matthew noted, "If Avery is a knave then Sofia is a knave". Avery said, "If Matthew is a knight then Sofia is a knight." Harper said that Avery is not a knave. "Sofia is a knight and Matthew is a knave," Mason claimed. Sofia remarked, "Avery is a knave or Avery is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew is a knight, Avery is a knight, Harper is a knight, Mason is a knave, and Sofia is a knight.

(1) Matthew is a knight
(2) Avery is a knight
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Mason is a knave
(5) Sofia is a knight

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Avery is a knave then Sofia is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knight then Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave or Avery is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is not a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight and Matthew is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Matthew is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lucas, Abigail, Isabella, Jack, and Scarlett. "Abigail is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight," Lucas mentioned. "Jack is a knave," Abigail mentioned. In Isabella's words: "Lucas is a knight or Abigail is a knave". Jack said that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight. "Isabella is a knave and Isabella is a knight," Scarlett claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Isabella is a knave, Jack is a knave, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knave
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Isabella is a knave
(4) Jack is a knave
(5) Scarlett is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Abigail is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Abigail is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Abigail is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave and Isabella is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave and Isabella is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knight or Abigail is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight or Abigail is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Harper, Scarlett, Charlotte, Ethan, and Matthew. Harper said, "Charlotte is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave." Scarlett told you that Matthew is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight. Charlotte stated, "Scarlett is a knight". Ethan expressed that Matthew is not a knight. "Scarlett is a knave or Harper is a knave," Matthew mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, Ethan is a knave, and Matthew is a knight.

(1) Harper is a knave
(2) Scarlett is a knave
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Ethan is a knave
(5) Matthew is a knight

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knave or Harper is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Scarlett is a knave or Harper is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, Scarlett, and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave or Harper is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Matthew is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Joseph, Olivia, Chloe, James, and Jacob. Joseph stated, "Olivia is a knight and Joseph is a knight". Olivia remarked, "Jacob is a knight or Joseph is a knave". "James is a knave," Chloe claimed. James said, "Jacob is not a knave." "Olivia is a knave" - Jacob. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knave, Olivia is a knight, Chloe is a knight, James is a knave, and Jacob is a knave.

(1) Joseph is a knave
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) James is a knave
(5) Jacob is a knave

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight or Joseph is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Jacob is a knight or Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Olivia is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mia, Penelope, James, Sofia, and Emily. Mia stated, "If James is a knight then Sofia is a knave". Penelope said, "Penelope is a knight or Mia is a knight." "James is a knight or Sofia is a knight," James declared. According to Sofia, "James is not a knight". As Emily put it, "If James is a knight then James is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knight, Penelope is a knight, James is a knight, Sofia is a knave, and Emily is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) James is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knave
(5) Emily is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knight then Sofia is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight or Sofia is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that If James is a knight then Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight or Mia is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If James is a knight then James is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If James is a knight then James is a knave.

(('->', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Logan, Daniel, Penelope, Sebastian, and Sophia. Logan said that If Sophia is a knight then Sophia is a knave. In Daniel's words: "Penelope is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight". Penelope was heard saying, "Sebastian is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight". "Sebastian is a knight or Penelope is a knight," Sebastian declared. In a statement by Sophia: "Daniel is a knave or Logan is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) Logan is a knave
(2) Daniel is a knave
(3) Penelope is a knave
(4) Sebastian is a knight
(5) Sophia is a knight

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that If Sophia is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Daniel is a knave or Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sophia is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or Logan is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sebastian is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Penelope is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aria, James, Samuel, Amelia, and Jacob. Aria was heard saying, "Samuel is a knight and Aria is a knight". James said that Jacob is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave. As Samuel put it, "Aria is a knave and Aria is a knight". Amelia was heard saying, "Jacob is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knight". In a statement by Jacob: "Samuel is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria is a knave, James is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Amelia is a knight, and Jacob is a knight.

(1) Aria is a knave
(2) James is a knight
(3) Samuel is a knave
(4) Amelia is a knight
(5) Jacob is a knight

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight and Aria is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Samuel is a knight and Aria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight and Aria is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ella, Amelia, Alexander, Liam, and Chloe. As Ella put it, "Chloe is a knave". "If Alexander is a knave then Ella is a knight," Amelia claimed. Alexander noted, "Liam is not a knight". "Ella is a knight and Chloe is a knight" - Liam. Chloe said that Amelia is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Liam is a knave, and Chloe is a knave.

(1) Ella is a knight
(2) Amelia is a knight
(3) Alexander is a knight
(4) Liam is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knave

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is not a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then Ella is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Liam is not a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

(('lying', 4), ('->', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Evelyn, Joseph, Logan, Aiden, and Owen. "Owen is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave," Evelyn mentioned. Joseph expressed that If Owen is a knave then Logan is a knave. Logan said that Logan is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave. Aiden said, "If Joseph is a knave then Owen is a knave." "Evelyn is a knave and Evelyn is a knight" - Owen. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Logan is a knight, Aiden is a knight, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Joseph is a knave
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Aiden is a knight
(5) Owen is a knave

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Owen is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knave then Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knave then Owen is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jack, Lucas, Riley, Benjamin, and Alexander. Jack was heard saying, "If Alexander is a knight then Riley is a knave". Lucas was heard saying, "Alexander is a knight and Riley is a knight". In Riley's words: "Jack is a knave or Jack is a knight". Benjamin commented, "If Jack is a knave then Jack is a knight". Alexander remarked, "Alexander is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Riley is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, and Alexander is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Lucas is a knave
(3) Riley is a knight
(4) Benjamin is a knight
(5) Alexander is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Riley is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that If Alexander is a knight then Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jack is a knave or Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knight and Riley is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight and Riley is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Jack is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Penelope, David, Aria, and Scarlett. Elizabeth asserted: "Penelope is a knight and Scarlett is a knave". Penelope asserted: "Elizabeth is not a knight". David stated, "Scarlett is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave". Aria remarked, "Scarlett is a knight or Aria is a knight". According to Scarlett, "If Elizabeth is a knight then David is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth is a knave, Penelope is a knight, David is a knave, Aria is a knight, and Scarlett is a knight.

(1) Elizabeth is a knave
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) David is a knave
(4) Aria is a knight
(5) Scarlett is a knight

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Penelope is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knight then David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight or Aria is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ethan, Scarlett, Chloe, Michael, and Daniel. According to Ethan, "If Daniel is a knave then Daniel is a knight". In a statement by Scarlett: "Ethan is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight". "Michael is a knave" - Chloe. In a statement by Michael: "Daniel is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight". "Chloe is not a knave," Daniel declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Michael is a knave, and Daniel is a knight.

(1) Ethan is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knave
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) Michael is a knave
(5) Daniel is a knight

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Samuel, Victoria, Jacob, Charlotte, and Sofia. Samuel noted, "Victoria is not a knight". Victoria remarked, "Charlotte is a knave or Jacob is a knave". "Sofia is a knight," Jacob claimed. "Samuel is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight," Charlotte mentioned. Sofia told you that Samuel is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, and Sofia is a knave.

(1) Samuel is a knave
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Jacob is a knave
(4) Charlotte is a knight
(5) Sofia is a knave

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave or Jacob is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Samuel is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Charlotte is a knave or Jacob is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Jacob is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Samuel is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Charlotte is a knave or Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Harper, Grace, Lily, Isabella, and Liam. Harper commented, "If Isabella is a knave then Grace is a knight". "If Grace is a knight then Liam is a knight" - Grace. "Isabella is a knight or Liam is a knave," Lily declared. Isabella remarked, "Grace is not a knight". Liam noted, "If Grace is a knave then Lily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knight, Grace is a knight, Lily is a knave, Isabella is a knave, and Liam is a knight.

(1) Harper is a knight
(2) Grace is a knight
(3) Lily is a knave
(4) Isabella is a knave
(5) Liam is a knight

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knave then Grace is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is not a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Grace is not a knight.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Grace is a knight then Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is not a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knight then Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knave then Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight or Liam is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight or Liam is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Sofia, Olivia, Alexander, and Aria. Emily remarked, "Sofia is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave". Sofia said that Emily is a knave. "Emily is a knight," Olivia mentioned. "Olivia is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave," Alexander declared. Aria expressed that Aria is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Alexander is a knave, and Aria is a knave.

(1) Emily is a knave
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Olivia is a knave
(4) Alexander is a knave
(5) Aria is a knave

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Sofia is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aria is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Sofia is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Oliver, Aria, Mia, Emma, and Victoria. Oliver noted, "Aria is not a knight". According to Aria, "Victoria is a knave or Emma is a knight". Mia asserted: "If Emma is a knave then Emma is a knight". Emma commented, "Aria is a knight or Emma is a knight". In Victoria's words: "If Victoria is a knight then Aria is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver is a knave, Aria is a knight, Mia is a knight, Emma is a knight, and Victoria is a knight.

(1) Oliver is a knave
(2) Aria is a knight
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) Emma is a knight
(5) Victoria is a knight

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is not a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Aria is not a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave or Emma is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Victoria is a knight then Aria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that Victoria is a knave or Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria and Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave or Emma is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knight then Aria is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight or Emma is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knave then Emma is a knight.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('->', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Charlotte, Jack, Chloe, James, and Samuel. "Jack is a knight and James is a knight" - Charlotte. Jack said that Chloe is a knave and James is a knave. Chloe commented, "James is a knight or James is a knave". James remarked, "Samuel is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knight". Samuel was heard saying, "Jack is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knave, Jack is a knave, Chloe is a knight, James is a knave, and Samuel is a knight.

(1) Charlotte is a knave
(2) Jack is a knave
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) James is a knave
(5) Samuel is a knight

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight and James is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave and James is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Chloe is a knave and James is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knight or James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Jack is a knight and James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight and James is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave and James is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight or James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ethan, Jacob, Jack, Logan, and Harper. Ethan said, "Logan is a knight or Ethan is a knight." Jacob said, "Logan is a knight." Jack stated, "Harper is a knave or Jacob is a knight". Logan said that Harper is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave. In a statement by Harper: "Ethan is a knave and Jacob is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Jack is a knight, Logan is a knight, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Ethan is a knight
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Jack is a knight
(4) Logan is a knight
(5) Harper is a knave

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight or Ethan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('or', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 2)), ('and', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aurora, Owen, Emily, Avery, and Abigail. In a statement by Aurora: "Emily is a knave". Owen noted, "Aurora is a knave if and only if Avery is a knave". "Abigail is a knave or Aurora is a knave," Emily declared. Avery asserted: "Abigail is a knight or Owen is a knight". Abigail expressed that Owen is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora is a knave, Owen is a knave, Emily is a knight, Avery is a knight, and Abigail is a knight.

(1) Aurora is a knave
(2) Owen is a knave
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) Avery is a knight
(5) Abigail is a knight

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave or Aurora is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Owen is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave if and only if Avery is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Aurora is a knave if and only if Avery is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Abigail is a knight or Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery and Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Abigail is a knave or Aurora is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail and Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave or Aurora is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight or Owen is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Michael, Elizabeth, Isabella, David, and Luke. Michael said that Isabella is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave. "If David is a knight then Elizabeth is a knight," Elizabeth claimed. Isabella told you that Michael is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight. David told you that Michael is a knave and Isabella is a knight. Luke expressed that Elizabeth is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, Isabella is a knave, David is a knave, and Luke is a knave.

(1) Michael is a knave
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Isabella is a knave
(4) David is a knave
(5) Luke is a knave

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knight then Elizabeth is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave and Isabella is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Isabella is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Henry, Michael, Penelope, Aurora, and Evelyn. Henry expressed that Michael is a knight and Aurora is a knight. In Michael's words: "Henry is a knave and Evelyn is a knave". As Penelope put it, "Aurora is a knave". Aurora said, "Henry is not a knave." Evelyn stated, "If Aurora is a knight then Henry is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry is a knave, Michael is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Aurora is a knave, and Evelyn is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knave
(2) Michael is a knave
(3) Penelope is a knight
(4) Aurora is a knave
(5) Evelyn is a knight

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Michael is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Henry is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Aurora is a knight then Henry is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Henry, Aiden, Alexander, Matthew, and Zoey. Henry was heard saying, "If Henry is a knight then Matthew is a knight". Aiden remarked, "Matthew is a knave or Alexander is a knight". Alexander remarked, "Henry is a knave". "Alexander is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight," Matthew claimed. Zoey said that Zoey is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry is a knight, Aiden is a knave, Alexander is a knave, Matthew is a knight, and Zoey is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knight
(2) Aiden is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knave
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Zoey is a knight

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knight then Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave or Alexander is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Chloe, Mason, Henry, Lucas, and Samuel. Chloe noted, "Henry is a knight and Samuel is a knight". Mason was heard saying, "Lucas is a knave or Henry is a knave". According to Henry, "Samuel is a knave and Samuel is a knight". "Lucas is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight" - Lucas. Samuel expressed that Lucas is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knave, Mason is a knight, Henry is a knave, Lucas is a knight, and Samuel is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knave
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Henry is a knave
(4) Lucas is a knight
(5) Samuel is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knave and Samuel is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Henry is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Henry is a knave.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('lying', 3), ('lying', 2)), ('and', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('telling-truth', 3))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Harper, Mason, Jackson, Logan, and Isabella. Harper stated, "Mason is not a knight". "Mason is a knight," Mason claimed. Jackson remarked, "Harper is a knave and Logan is a knave". Logan was heard saying, "Jackson is not a knave". According to Isabella, "Jackson is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knight, Mason is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Logan is a knave, and Isabella is a knight.

(1) Harper is a knight
(2) Mason is a knave
(3) Jackson is a knave
(4) Logan is a knave
(5) Isabella is a knight

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knave and Logan is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave and Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is not a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Ella, Joseph, Aiden, and Sophia. "If Sophia is a knave then Ella is a knave," Emily declared. Ella told you that If Joseph is a knave then Sophia is a knave. As Joseph put it, "Sophia is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight". In Aiden's words: "If Emily is a knave then Joseph is a knave". As Sophia put it, "Joseph is a knave or Joseph is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knight, Ella is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Aiden is a knight, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Ella is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knave
(4) Aiden is a knight
(5) Sophia is a knight

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knave then Ella is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave or Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Sophia is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Emily is a knave then Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knave then Joseph is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Joseph is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Joseph is a knave then Sophia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Owen, Olivia, Elizabeth, Sebastian, and Jack. "Sebastian is not a knave," Owen declared. "If Sebastian is a knight then Sebastian is a knave," Olivia mentioned. Elizabeth remarked, "Jack is a knave or Owen is a knave". Sebastian said that Olivia is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight. Jack was heard saying, "Elizabeth is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen is a knave, Olivia is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, and Jack is a knight.

(1) Owen is a knave
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Elizabeth is a knight
(4) Sebastian is a knave
(5) Jack is a knight

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Sebastian is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Olivia is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Sebastian is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is not a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Sebastian is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave or Owen is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Scarlett, Ava, Lucas, Victoria, and Avery. Scarlett commented, "Scarlett is a knight". According to Ava, "If Ava is a knight then Scarlett is a knave". Lucas said that If Ava is a knave then Avery is a knight. Victoria asserted: "Avery is a knave and Scarlett is a knight". In Avery's words: "Victoria is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett is a knave, Ava is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Victoria is a knave, and Avery is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knight
(4) Victoria is a knave
(5) Avery is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Ava is a knight then Scarlett is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Ava is a knight then Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ava is a knight then Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ava is a knave then Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Victoria is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Isabella, Grace, Luke, Aria, and Avery. As Isabella put it, "Grace is a knight". "Luke is a knight and Grace is a knight" - Grace. Luke noted, "If Avery is a knave then Aria is a knight". "Isabella is a knight and Avery is a knave" - Aria. Avery was heard saying, "If Avery is a knight then Grace is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella is a knave, Grace is a knave, Luke is a knight, Aria is a knave, and Avery is a knight.

(1) Isabella is a knave
(2) Grace is a knave
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Aria is a knave
(5) Avery is a knight

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight and Grace is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Avery is a knave then Aria is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Avery is a knight then Grace is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Avery is a knight then Grace is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Luke is a knight and Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Isabella that Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Grace is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Avery is a knight then Grace is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight and Avery is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight and Avery is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Samuel, Harper, Victoria, Jack, and Joseph. "Jack is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight" - Samuel. In a statement by Harper: "If Jack is a knave then Samuel is a knave". Victoria noted, "Harper is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave". "Harper is a knave or Harper is a knight" - Jack. In a statement by Joseph: "Victoria is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel is a knave, Harper is a knight, Victoria is a knave, Jack is a knight, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) Samuel is a knave
(2) Harper is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knave
(4) Jack is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knave

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave or Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Samuel is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Jack is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Jack is a knave then Samuel is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Harper is a knave or Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Jack is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Isabella, Ethan, Victoria, Michael, and Riley. Isabella remarked, "Ethan is a knight or Ethan is a knave". Ethan told you that Riley is not a knight. Victoria commented, "Riley is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight". Michael noted, "Ethan is a knight". Riley remarked, "Isabella is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Michael is a knight, and Riley is a knave.

(1) Isabella is a knight
(2) Ethan is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Michael is a knight
(5) Riley is a knave

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight or Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Evelyn, Amelia, Logan, Scarlett, and Abigail. Evelyn stated, "Amelia is a knave if and only if Logan is a knight". In a statement by Amelia: "Evelyn is a knave or Evelyn is a knight". "Abigail is a knave and Amelia is a knave," Logan declared. Scarlett said that Logan is a knave and Evelyn is a knight. Abigail asserted: "Scarlett is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Logan is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, and Abigail is a knave.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Amelia is a knight
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Scarlett is a knight
(5) Abigail is a knave

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if Logan is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Amelia is a knave if and only if Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave and Amelia is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sofia, Alexander, Grace, Harper, and Benjamin. In Sofia's words: "Alexander is a knave or Alexander is a knight". "Harper is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight," Alexander declared. Grace noted, "Harper is a knight". Harper expressed that If Grace is a knight then Alexander is a knave. Benjamin was heard saying, "Alexander is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia is a knight, Alexander is a knave, Grace is a knight, Harper is a knight, and Benjamin is a knight.

(1) Sofia is a knight
(2) Alexander is a knave
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Harper is a knight
(5) Benjamin is a knight

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knight then Alexander is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Harper is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Grace is a knight then Alexander is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Harper is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace and Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Luke, James, Mia, Ava, and Noah. "Noah is not a knave," Luke claimed. "Ava is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave," James claimed. As Mia put it, "James is a knave or James is a knight". In Ava's words: "Luke is not a knave". Noah expressed that Mia is a knight or Luke is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke is a knight, James is a knight, Mia is a knight, Ava is a knight, and Noah is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) James is a knight
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) Ava is a knight
(5) Noah is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is not a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Luke is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or James is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aria, Isabella, Matthew, Avery, and Scarlett. In a statement by Aria: "Avery is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave". "Avery is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight," Isabella claimed. Matthew said, "Scarlett is a knave." Avery said, "Scarlett is not a knight." Scarlett was heard saying, "Aria is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Avery is a knight, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) Aria is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Matthew is a knight
(4) Avery is a knight
(5) Scarlett is a knave

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is not a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Avery is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Alexander, Zoey, Jackson, Owen, and Jack. Alexander said, "Owen is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knave." According to Zoey, "If Zoey is a knight then Owen is a knave". "Zoey is a knight," Jackson claimed. Owen was heard saying, "Owen is a knight and Jackson is a knight". Jack commented, "Zoey is a knave or Jackson is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Owen is a knave, and Jack is a knave.

(1) Alexander is a knave
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Jackson is a knight
(4) Owen is a knave
(5) Jack is a knave

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Zoey is a knight then Owen is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Owen is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Owen is a knight and Jackson is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Jackson is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Owen is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Zoey is a knight then Owen is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, Jackson, and Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Owen is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Owen is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave or Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave or Jackson is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Elizabeth, David, Abigail, Penelope, and Harper. Elizabeth was heard saying, "If David is a knight then Abigail is a knave". David stated, "Penelope is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight". "Elizabeth is a knight or Penelope is a knave," Abigail mentioned. Penelope told you that Harper is a knave. As Harper put it, "Penelope is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth is a knight, David is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Penelope is a knight, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Elizabeth is a knight
(2) David is a knave
(3) Abigail is a knight
(4) Penelope is a knight
(5) Harper is a knave

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knight then Abigail is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Penelope is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that If David is a knight then Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight or Penelope is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Harper is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Penelope is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Olivia, Scarlett, Isabella, Elizabeth, and Alexander. Olivia asserted: "Isabella is not a knave". Scarlett told you that Olivia is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave. Isabella stated, "Olivia is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave". "If Elizabeth is a knight then Olivia is a knight," Elizabeth declared. Alexander said, "If Alexander is a knight then Isabella is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia Scarlett Isabella Elizabeth Alexander

Olivia is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Olivia is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knave
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) Elizabeth is a knight
(5) Alexander is a knight

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is not a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Isabella is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Olivia is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Elizabeth is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knight then Olivia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Alexander, Daniel, Isabella, Scarlett, and Jackson. Alexander commented, "Jackson is a knight and Scarlett is a knave". Daniel commented, "Jackson is not a knight". In a statement by Isabella: "Alexander is a knave". Scarlett said that Alexander is a knight or Isabella is a knight. As Jackson put it, "If Scarlett is a knave then Alexander is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander Daniel Isabella Scarlett Jackson

Alexander is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, and Jackson is a knight.

(1) Alexander is a knave
(2) Daniel is a knave
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) Scarlett is a knight
(5) Jackson is a knight

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Alexander is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Jackson is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Alexander is a knight or Isabella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Jackson is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Oliver, Owen, Zoey, Victoria, and William. Oliver remarked, "William is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight". In Owen's words: "William is not a knight". "Zoey is a knight or Victoria is a knave" - Zoey. "If Zoey is a knight then Owen is a knight" - Victoria. "If Victoria is a knave then Owen is a knight" - William. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver is a knight, Owen is a knave, Zoey is a knave, Victoria is a knight, and William is a knight.

(1) Oliver is a knight
(2) Owen is a knave
(3) Zoey is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knight
(5) William is a knight

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knave then Owen is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Owen is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight or Victoria is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that William is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that If Zoey is a knight then Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight or Victoria is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Chloe, Sebastian, Ava, Harper, and Olivia. Chloe said, "Chloe is a knight." Sebastian expressed that Olivia is a knight or Harper is a knight. Ava said that Chloe is a knave or Olivia is a knave. Harper said, "Ava is a knave or Sebastian is a knave." According to Olivia, "Harper is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Ava is a knave, Harper is a knight, and Olivia is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Ava is a knave
(4) Harper is a knight
(5) Olivia is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight or Harper is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave or Sebastian is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave or Olivia is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave or Olivia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aria, Logan, Scarlett, Harper, and Matthew. "Logan is a knight and Matthew is a knave," Aria claimed. Logan said, "Matthew is not a knave." As Scarlett put it, "Scarlett is a knight". According to Harper, "If Scarlett is a knave then Aria is a knight". "If Harper is a knight then Logan is a knave" - Matthew. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria is a knave, Logan is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Harper is a knave, and Matthew is a knight.

(1) Aria is a knave
(2) Logan is a knight
(3) Scarlett is a knave
(4) Harper is a knave
(5) Matthew is a knight

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight and Matthew is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Logan is a knight and Matthew is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Matthew is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Logan is a knight and Matthew is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight and Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knight then Logan is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that If Harper is a knight then Logan is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Aria is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that If Scarlett is a knave then Aria is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Matthew, Charlotte, Henry, Amelia, and Benjamin. Matthew was heard saying, "Matthew is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave". "Amelia is a knave and Henry is a knight," Charlotte claimed. In Henry's words: "Benjamin is a knave". Amelia was heard saying, "Benjamin is a knight". Benjamin stated, "Matthew is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Henry is a knight, Amelia is a knave, and Benjamin is a knave.

(1) Matthew is a knave
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Henry is a knight
(4) Amelia is a knave
(5) Benjamin is a knave

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Matthew is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Matthew is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that Matthew is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave and Henry is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Amelia is a knave and Henry is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sophia, Charlotte, Abigail, Scarlett, and Benjamin. Sophia was heard saying, "If Benjamin is a knight then Scarlett is a knight". "Abigail is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight," Charlotte mentioned. Abigail told you that Charlotte is a knight. Scarlett noted, "Charlotte is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knave". Benjamin noted, "Sophia is a knave or Abigail is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia Charlotte Abigail Scarlett Benjamin

Sophia is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, and Benjamin is a knight.

(1) Sophia is a knave
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Abigail is a knight
(4) Scarlett is a knave
(5) Benjamin is a knight

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knight then Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave or Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Sophia is a knave or Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Abigail is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that If Benjamin is a knight then Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, Charlotte, and Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave or Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Abigail is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that Sophia is a knave or Abigail is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail and Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Benjamin is a knight then Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that If Benjamin is a knight then Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Joseph, Riley, Alexander, Sofia, and Sebastian. As Joseph put it, "If Alexander is a knave then Alexander is a knight". In a statement by Riley: "If Sebastian is a knight then Alexander is a knight". Alexander remarked, "Joseph is a knave and Sebastian is a knave". Sofia told you that Joseph is not a knave. Sebastian asserted: "Riley is a knave or Riley is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knave, Riley is a knave, Alexander is a knave, Sofia is a knave, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Joseph is a knave
(2) Riley is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knave
(4) Sofia is a knave
(5) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then Alexander is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knave and Sebastian is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that If Alexander is a knave then Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Alexander is a knave then Alexander is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that If Alexander is a knave then Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave and Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave or Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Sebastian is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is not a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Logan, Aurora, Scarlett, Charlotte, and Zoey. Logan noted, "Zoey is a knave and Logan is a knight". Aurora stated, "If Aurora is a knight then Charlotte is a knave". Scarlett stated, "Logan is not a knight". Charlotte noted, "If Aurora is a knight then Zoey is a knight". Zoey asserted: "Logan is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knave, Aurora is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, and Zoey is a knave.

(1) Logan is a knave
(2) Aurora is a knight
(3) Scarlett is a knight
(4) Charlotte is a knave
(5) Zoey is a knave

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Zoey is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is not a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knight then Charlotte is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that If Aurora is a knight then Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aurora is a knight then Zoey is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is not a knight.