A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Penelope, Benjamin, Sebastian, Amelia, and Grace. Penelope told you that Sebastian is not a knight. Benjamin stated, "Penelope is a knave and Grace is a knave". Sebastian commented, "Penelope is a knave". "Grace is not a knave," Amelia claimed. Grace said, "Benjamin is not a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope Benjamin Sebastian Amelia Grace

Penelope is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, Amelia is a knave, and Grace is a knave.

(1) Penelope is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Sebastian is a knave
(4) Amelia is a knave
(5) Grace is a knave

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is not a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Sebastian is not a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knave and Grace is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave and Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is not a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Michael, Charlotte, James, Ethan, and Evelyn. In Michael's words: "Charlotte is a knight if and only if James is a knight". According to Charlotte, "If Evelyn is a knave then Ethan is a knight". James expressed that Michael is a knight and Evelyn is a knave. Ethan noted, "James is a knave". In a statement by Evelyn: "Michael is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, James is a knave, Ethan is a knight, and Evelyn is a knight.

(1) Michael is a knave
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) James is a knave
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Evelyn is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if James is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knave then Ethan is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that James is a knave.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Charlotte is a knight if and only if James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that If Evelyn is a knave then Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan and Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Evelyn is a knave then Ethan is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that If Evelyn is a knave then Ethan is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that If Evelyn is a knave then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Charlotte is a knight if and only if James is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Michael is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, Ethan, Evelyn, and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if James is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Charlotte is a knight if and only if James is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Noah, Scarlett, William, Elizabeth, and Victoria. Noah was heard saying, "William is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight". "William is a knave and Victoria is a knave," Scarlett mentioned. William was heard saying, "Scarlett is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight". Elizabeth was heard saying, "If Noah is a knave then Scarlett is a knight". Victoria told you that Noah is a knave or William is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah Scarlett William Elizabeth Victoria

Noah is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, William is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, and Victoria is a knight.

(1) Noah is a knave
(2) Scarlett is a knave
(3) William is a knave
(4) Elizabeth is a knave
(5) Victoria is a knight

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that William is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that Scarlett is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave and Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that William is a knave and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave or William is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Scarlett is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Noah is a knave then Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that William is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and William, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave and Victoria is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that William is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that William is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave or William is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Noah is a knave then Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Noah is a knave then Scarlett is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Samuel, Elizabeth, Aurora, Lucas, and Jack. In a statement by Samuel: "Jack is not a knight". In a statement by Elizabeth: "Samuel is not a knight". Aurora was heard saying, "Lucas is not a knight". Lucas commented, "Aurora is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knave". Jack said that Samuel is a knight and Lucas is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, Aurora is a knight, Lucas is a knave, and Jack is a knave.

(1) Samuel is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knave
(3) Aurora is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knave
(5) Jack is a knave

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Jack is not a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Samuel is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Liam, Riley, Lily, Jackson, and Isabella. Liam said, "Jackson is a knave." Riley was heard saying, "Isabella is a knight and Jackson is a knight". Lily noted, "If Lily is a knight then Isabella is a knave". Jackson commented, "Lily is a knight and Riley is a knave". Isabella was heard saying, "Riley is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam is a knave, Riley is a knave, Lily is a knight, Jackson is a knight, and Isabella is a knave.

(1) Liam is a knave
(2) Riley is a knave
(3) Lily is a knight
(4) Jackson is a knight
(5) Isabella is a knave

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight and Riley is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knight then Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that If Lily is a knight then Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight and Jackson is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Lily is a knight and Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Lily is a knight then Isabella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight and Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight and Jackson is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emma, David, Mason, Liam, and Mia. Emma commented, "David is a knave". David stated, "Liam is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave". Mason remarked, "Emma is not a knave". Liam commented, "Mia is not a knight". Mia told you that David is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knight, David is a knave, Mason is a knight, Liam is a knight, and Mia is a knave.

(1) Emma is a knight
(2) David is a knave
(3) Mason is a knight
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) Mia is a knave

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Liam is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jack, Elizabeth, Penelope, Aiden, and Riley. According to Jack, "Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight". Elizabeth was heard saying, "Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight". Penelope remarked, "Aiden is a knight and Penelope is a knight". Aiden asserted: "Jack is a knight and Jack is a knave". Riley expressed that Penelope is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Aiden is a knave, and Riley is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Elizabeth is a knave
(3) Penelope is a knave
(4) Aiden is a knave
(5) Riley is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knight and Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight and Penelope is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is not a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knave.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 0)), ('not', ('lying', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: William, Sofia, Samuel, Matthew, and Henry. William stated, "If Henry is a knight then Samuel is a knight". Sofia noted, "If William is a knight then Matthew is a knight". In Samuel's words: "Matthew is a knight and Henry is a knave". Matthew asserted: "Samuel is a knave or Sofia is a knight". "Samuel is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave," Henry mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Matthew is a knight, and Henry is a knave.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Samuel is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Henry is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knight then Samuel is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight and Henry is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave or Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knight then Matthew is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aria, Noah, Grace, Luke, and Mia. In Aria's words: "If Grace is a knight then Aria is a knight". Noah remarked, "Mia is a knight". "If Noah is a knight then Mia is a knave" - Grace. Luke asserted: "Mia is not a knight". In a statement by Mia: "If Noah is a knave then Luke is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria is a knight, Noah is a knight, Grace is a knave, Luke is a knave, and Mia is a knight.

(1) Aria is a knight
(2) Noah is a knight
(3) Grace is a knave
(4) Luke is a knave
(5) Mia is a knight

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knight then Aria is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knight then Mia is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that If Noah is a knight then Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Noah is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that If Noah is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, Mia, and Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Noah is a knight then Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is not a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lily, Chloe, Logan, Jack, and William. Lily asserted: "William is a knave and Jack is a knight". Chloe was heard saying, "Lily is a knight". Logan told you that Lily is a knave if and only if William is a knave. Jack noted, "William is a knave". William told you that William is a knight and Chloe is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Logan is a knave, Jack is a knight, and William is a knave.

(1) Lily is a knight
(2) Chloe is a knight
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Jack is a knight
(5) William is a knave

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave and Jack is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that William is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knave if and only if William is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave if and only if William is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Riley, Jackson, Jacob, and William. Emily noted, "Jacob is a knave". "Jacob is a knight," Riley declared. Jackson remarked, "If Riley is a knave then Jacob is a knave". Jacob told you that If William is a knave then Emily is a knight. "Jacob is a knave or Emily is a knave," William mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knave, Riley is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Jacob is a knight, and William is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knave
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Jackson is a knight
(4) Jacob is a knight
(5) William is a knight

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Jacob is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If William is a knave then Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knave then Emily is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave or Emily is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knave then Jacob is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Charlotte, Penelope, Ella, Sophia, and Evelyn. According to Charlotte, "Ella is a knave and Sophia is a knight". Penelope was heard saying, "If Sophia is a knight then Evelyn is a knave". Ella was heard saying, "Charlotte is not a knight". According to Sophia, "Evelyn is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight". According to Evelyn, "Penelope is a knight and Sophia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Ella is a knave, Sophia is a knight, and Evelyn is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) Ella is a knave
(4) Sophia is a knight
(5) Evelyn is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Ella is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aiden, Amelia, Henry, Michael, and Lily. "If Michael is a knight then Lily is a knave" - Aiden. "Lily is a knight or Michael is a knave" - Amelia. Henry remarked, "Aiden is not a knight". "Aiden is a knight or Henry is a knight," Michael mentioned. "Michael is a knave and Amelia is a knave," Lily claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Henry is a knave, Michael is a knight, and Lily is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Amelia is a knave
(3) Henry is a knave
(4) Michael is a knight
(5) Lily is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knight then Lily is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is not a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is not a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that If Michael is a knight then Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knight or Michael is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight or Michael is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Daniel, Emma, Michael, Evelyn, and Mia. Daniel expressed that If Evelyn is a knight then Daniel is a knight. Emma commented, "If Emma is a knight then Evelyn is a knave". "Mia is a knave," Michael mentioned. In Evelyn's words: "Emma is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight". Mia remarked, "Emma is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knight, Emma is a knight, Michael is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, and Mia is a knight.

(1) Daniel is a knight
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Michael is a knave
(4) Evelyn is a knave
(5) Mia is a knight

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knight then Daniel is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Emma is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Emma is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Daniel, Aria, Sebastian, Victoria, and Charlotte. Daniel commented, "Aria is a knave". According to Aria, "If Aria is a knight then Sebastian is a knave". Sebastian remarked, "Aria is a knave and Daniel is a knave". Victoria told you that Daniel is a knight or Charlotte is a knight. Charlotte asserted: "Daniel is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel Aria Sebastian Victoria Charlotte

Daniel is a knave, Aria is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Victoria is a knave, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) Daniel is a knave
(2) Aria is a knight
(3) Sebastian is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knave
(5) Charlotte is a knave

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Aria is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that If Aria is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave and Daniel is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight or Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Daniel is a knight or Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight or Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Daniel is a knight or Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Luke, Lily, David, Mia, and Charlotte. Luke remarked, "Charlotte is not a knave". "Mia is a knave and Charlotte is a knave," Lily mentioned. David remarked, "Luke is a knight". Mia told you that If Luke is a knight then Charlotte is a knight. Charlotte was heard saying, "David is a knave or David is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke is a knight, Lily is a knave, David is a knight, Mia is a knight, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Lily is a knave
(3) David is a knight
(4) Mia is a knight
(5) Charlotte is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or David is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lucas, Luke, Aria, Mason, and Ava. Lucas noted, "If Luke is a knight then Lucas is a knight". "Mason is a knave" - Luke. Aria asserted: "Lucas is a knight and Ava is a knave". Mason noted, "If Lucas is a knight then Lucas is a knave". "If Lucas is a knight then Luke is a knight," Ava declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knight, Luke is a knight, Aria is a knave, Mason is a knave, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Luke is a knight
(3) Aria is a knave
(4) Mason is a knave
(5) Ava is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Lucas is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Lucas is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight and Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Lucas is a knight and Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Lucas is a knight then Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight and Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knight then Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Evelyn, Michael, Zoey, Ella, and Aurora. Evelyn said that Zoey is a knave. Michael was heard saying, "Ella is a knave or Zoey is a knight". "Michael is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave" - Zoey. "Aurora is a knight," Ella declared. Aurora expressed that Evelyn is a knight and Zoey is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knight, Michael is a knave, Zoey is a knave, Ella is a knight, and Aurora is a knight.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Michael is a knave
(3) Zoey is a knave
(4) Ella is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knight

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Ella is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Evelyn is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight and Zoey is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Harper, Daniel, Abigail, Emily, and Aria. Harper stated, "Emily is a knave or Aria is a knave". Daniel was heard saying, "If Harper is a knave then Daniel is a knight". "If Emily is a knave then Emily is a knight," Abigail declared. Emily commented, "If Harper is a knight then Aria is a knave". In a statement by Aria: "Abigail is a knave or Harper is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Abigail is a knave, Emily is a knave, and Aria is a knight.

(1) Harper is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Abigail is a knave
(4) Emily is a knave
(5) Aria is a knight

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave or Aria is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knight then Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Emily is a knave or Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Abigail is a knave or Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Harper is a knight then Aria is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave or Harper is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Emily is a knave then Emily is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emily is a knave then Emily is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knave then Daniel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emma, Noah, Victoria, Jacob, and Abigail. Emma asserted: "Abigail is a knight and Victoria is a knave". As Noah put it, "Victoria is a knight". Victoria noted, "If Victoria is a knight then Noah is a knight". Jacob noted, "Noah is a knave and Victoria is a knave". According to Abigail, "Noah is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knave, Noah is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Jacob is a knave, and Abigail is a knave.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Noah is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Jacob is a knave
(5) Abigail is a knave

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is not a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Noah is not a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Abigail is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Victoria is a knight then Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria and Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Abigail is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Abigail is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is not a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knight then Noah is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is a knave and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave and Victoria is a knave.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 2)), ('telling-truth', 2), ('->', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('lying', 1), ('lying', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Daniel, Lily, Liam, Ella, and Owen. "Ella is a knave if and only if Liam is a knave," Daniel claimed. Lily asserted: "Ella is a knave or Owen is a knight". Liam expressed that Ella is a knave and Owen is a knight. Ella told you that Daniel is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave. Owen said, "If Daniel is a knight then Liam is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knave, Lily is a knight, Liam is a knight, Ella is a knave, and Owen is a knight.

(1) Daniel is a knave
(2) Lily is a knight
(3) Liam is a knight
(4) Ella is a knave
(5) Owen is a knight

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knight then Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Ella is a knave if and only if Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Daniel is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Daniel is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Daniel is a knight then Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Ella is a knave if and only if Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that If Daniel is a knight then Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, Owen, and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave if and only if Liam is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Daniel is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Daniel is a knight then Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave or Owen is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Chloe, Aiden, Sebastian, Abigail, and Jacob. "Sebastian is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave," Chloe mentioned. "Abigail is a knave and Jacob is a knave," Aiden declared. In Sebastian's words: "Jacob is a knave". Abigail told you that If Jacob is a knight then Sebastian is a knight. Jacob remarked, "If Aiden is a knight then Abigail is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knave, Aiden is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, Abigail is a knave, and Jacob is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knave
(2) Aiden is a knave
(3) Sebastian is a knave
(4) Abigail is a knave
(5) Jacob is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aiden is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave and Jacob is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Jacob is a knight then Sebastian is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that If Aiden is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden and Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knave and Jacob is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave and Jacob is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Jacob is a knight then Sebastian is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that Jacob is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob and Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Abigail is a knave and Jacob is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jacob is a knight then Sebastian is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aurora, Daniel, Luke, Oliver, and Lily. As Aurora put it, "Daniel is not a knave". "Daniel is a knight or Aurora is a knave," Daniel claimed. According to Luke, "Lily is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight". Oliver noted, "Luke is not a knave". "Daniel is not a knave" - Lily. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Luke is a knave, Oliver is a knave, and Lily is a knight.

(1) Aurora is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Luke is a knave
(4) Oliver is a knave
(5) Lily is a knight

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight or Aurora is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Lily is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Daniel is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is not a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Jack, Mia, Liam, and William. Elizabeth stated, "Liam is a knight or William is a knight". As Jack put it, "If William is a knight then Mia is a knave". Mia told you that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave. "If William is a knight then Jack is a knight," Liam mentioned. "If Mia is a knave then Liam is a knight" - William. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth is a knight, Jack is a knight, Mia is a knave, Liam is a knight, and William is a knight.

(1) Elizabeth is a knight
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Mia is a knave
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) William is a knight

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight or William is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knight then Jack is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knight then Mia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ella, Aria, Oliver, Ava, and Victoria. "Aria is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight," Ella claimed. "Ella is not a knight," Aria declared. Oliver commented, "Ava is not a knight". In Ava's words: "Ava is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave". "Oliver is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave," Victoria mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella is a knave, Aria is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Ava is a knight, and Victoria is a knave.

(1) Ella is a knave
(2) Aria is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knave
(4) Ava is a knight
(5) Victoria is a knave

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is not a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Aria is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is not a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Ava is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, Oliver, and Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Aria is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Harper, Matthew, Oliver, Sebastian, and Mia. In a statement by Harper: "Harper is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight". In Matthew's words: "If Mia is a knave then Oliver is a knight". Oliver remarked, "Sebastian is a knight". According to Sebastian, "Sebastian is a knight and Harper is a knight". Mia commented, "Sebastian is a knight and Matthew is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, and Mia is a knave.

(1) Harper is a knight
(2) Matthew is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Sebastian is a knight
(5) Mia is a knave

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight and Harper is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Oliver is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knight and Matthew is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight and Matthew is a knave.

(('<=>', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('->', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lucas, Olivia, Aria, Alexander, and Luke. In a statement by Lucas: "Alexander is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave". According to Olivia, "Aria is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave". "Lucas is a knight if and only if Luke is a knight," Aria declared. "Luke is not a knave" - Alexander. In Luke's words: "Lucas is a knight if and only if Lucas is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knave, Olivia is a knight, Aria is a knight, Alexander is a knave, and Luke is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knave
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Aria is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knave
(5) Luke is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Alexander is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Luke is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Luke is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Alexander is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke and Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knight if and only if Lucas is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Alexander is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Alexander is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Lucas is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: William, Aurora, Zoey, Elizabeth, and Matthew. "Matthew is a knave if and only if William is a knight," William mentioned. Aurora said that Aurora is a knight if and only if William is a knave. Zoey expressed that William is not a knave. "Aurora is not a knave," Elizabeth claimed. Matthew commented, "Elizabeth is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knave, Aurora is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, and Matthew is a knave.

(1) William is a knave
(2) Aurora is a knight
(3) Zoey is a knave
(4) Elizabeth is a knight
(5) Matthew is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if William is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Matthew is a knave if and only if William is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is not a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aurora is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that Elizabeth is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth and Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if William is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Matthew is a knave if and only if William is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aria, Joseph, Isabella, Owen, and Daniel. "Joseph is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave," Aria declared. "If Owen is a knave then Isabella is a knight," Joseph declared. In a statement by Isabella: "Owen is a knight". Owen told you that Owen is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave. Daniel told you that Owen is a knight and Aria is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Owen is a knave, and Daniel is a knave.

(1) Aria is a knight
(2) Joseph is a knave
(3) Isabella is a knave
(4) Owen is a knave
(5) Daniel is a knave

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knave then Isabella is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Owen is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Joseph is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knave then Isabella is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Joseph is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that If Owen is a knave then Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knight and Aria is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Aria is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Isabella, Jackson, Luke, Victoria, and Aria. "If Isabella is a knight then Jackson is a knave," Isabella claimed. "Jackson is a knight or Isabella is a knave," Jackson claimed. Luke stated, "Aria is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave". Victoria stated, "If Isabella is a knave then Isabella is a knight". In a statement by Aria: "Jackson is a knave and Victoria is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella is a knight, Jackson is a knave, Luke is a knave, Victoria is a knight, and Aria is a knight.

(1) Isabella is a knight
(2) Jackson is a knave
(3) Luke is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knight
(5) Aria is a knight

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knight then Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that If Isabella is a knight then Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight or Isabella is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knave then Isabella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Henry, Harper, William, Aria, and Charlotte. According to Henry, "William is a knight if and only if William is a knave". Harper said, "Henry is not a knight." "Aria is a knave or Henry is a knight," William claimed. According to Aria, "Charlotte is a knight". "William is a knave or Harper is a knight" - Charlotte. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry is a knave, Harper is a knight, William is a knave, Aria is a knight, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knave
(2) Harper is a knight
(3) William is a knave
(4) Aria is a knight
(5) Charlotte is a knight

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Aria is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave or Harper is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that William is a knave or Harper is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Henry is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, Charlotte, and Aria, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave or Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Alexander, Logan, Noah, Sophia, and Charlotte. Alexander commented, "Logan is a knave". Logan was heard saying, "Alexander is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight". "Alexander is a knight" - Noah. In Sophia's words: "Alexander is not a knight". In Charlotte's words: "Sophia is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander is a knight, Logan is a knave, Noah is a knight, Sophia is a knave, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) Alexander is a knight
(2) Logan is a knave
(3) Noah is a knight
(4) Sophia is a knave
(5) Charlotte is a knave

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Oliver, Penelope, Joseph, and Victoria. In a statement by Emily: "Penelope is a knave or Oliver is a knight". Oliver asserted: "Emily is not a knave". Penelope was heard saying, "Emily is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave". Joseph commented, "Penelope is a knight". Victoria commented, "Joseph is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Joseph is a knight, and Victoria is a knave.

(1) Emily is a knave
(2) Oliver is a knave
(3) Penelope is a knight
(4) Joseph is a knight
(5) Victoria is a knave

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Oliver is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Emily is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Emily is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, Victoria, and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave or Oliver is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Emily is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Penelope is a knave or Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Penelope, Chloe, Luke, Emily, and Alexander. Penelope stated, "Chloe is a knight or Alexander is a knave". In a statement by Chloe: "Alexander is not a knight". Luke commented, "Penelope is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave". Emily told you that Chloe is a knight and Penelope is a knave. Alexander remarked, "Chloe is a knave or Luke is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Luke is a knave, Emily is a knave, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Penelope is a knave
(2) Chloe is a knave
(3) Luke is a knave
(4) Emily is a knave
(5) Alexander is a knight

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave or Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Chloe is a knave or Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knight and Penelope is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Penelope is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, Luke, and Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Chloe is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Alexander is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Chloe is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Penelope is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Penelope is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight and Penelope is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Avery, Ethan, Luke, Samuel, and Evelyn. Avery said that Luke is not a knight. Ethan said that Luke is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight. Luke said, "Samuel is a knight or Ethan is a knave." "Ethan is a knave or Luke is a knight," Samuel mentioned. Evelyn expressed that If Luke is a knave then Luke is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Luke is a knave, Samuel is a knave, and Evelyn is a knave.

(1) Avery is a knight
(2) Ethan is a knight
(3) Luke is a knave
(4) Samuel is a knave
(5) Evelyn is a knave

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Luke is not a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight or Ethan is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Samuel is a knight or Ethan is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave or Luke is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Luke is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Luke is a knave then Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Amelia, Evelyn, Avery, Penelope, and Sofia. Amelia expressed that Penelope is not a knave. Evelyn told you that Avery is a knave. In Avery's words: "Sofia is not a knave". Penelope remarked, "Avery is a knight". Sofia expressed that Sofia is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, Avery is a knave, Penelope is a knave, and Sofia is a knave.

(1) Amelia is a knave
(2) Evelyn is a knight
(3) Avery is a knave
(4) Penelope is a knave
(5) Sofia is a knave

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is not a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Sofia is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Penelope is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Penelope is not a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is not a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Sofia is not a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Amelia, Abigail, Aria, Benjamin, and Riley. As Amelia put it, "If Benjamin is a knave then Abigail is a knight". Abigail told you that If Riley is a knight then Benjamin is a knave. "If Amelia is a knave then Benjamin is a knave," Aria mentioned. Benjamin commented, "Abigail is a knave or Amelia is a knight". Riley told you that Benjamin is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Aria is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, and Riley is a knave.

(1) Amelia is a knight
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Aria is a knight
(4) Benjamin is a knight
(5) Riley is a knave

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Abigail is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that If Riley is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Joseph, Daniel, Isabella, Chloe, and Michael. In Joseph's words: "Chloe is a knight". "Chloe is a knight or Daniel is a knight" - Daniel. Isabella asserted: "Chloe is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight". Chloe said that Michael is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight. Michael commented, "Michael is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Chloe is a knight, and Michael is a knave.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knight
(5) Michael is a knave

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Michael is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or Daniel is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Matthew, James, Owen, Elizabeth, and Mason. "Mason is a knight and Owen is a knight," Matthew claimed. James noted, "Mason is a knight and James is a knight". Owen said that Elizabeth is not a knight. As Elizabeth put it, "Matthew is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave". "Elizabeth is a knave or Owen is a knight," Mason mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew is a knave, James is a knave, Owen is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, and Mason is a knave.

(1) Matthew is a knave
(2) James is a knave
(3) Owen is a knave
(4) Elizabeth is a knight
(5) Mason is a knave

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight and Owen is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave or Owen is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Mason is a knight and Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Matthew is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Mason is a knight and Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and Owen is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that Mason is a knight and Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Elizabeth is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave or Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight and James is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and James is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('<=>', ('lying', 0), ('lying', 4)), ('or', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jacob, Penelope, Harper, Jack, and Mason. Jacob said that Jack is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight. Penelope commented, "Mason is not a knight". Harper expressed that Mason is not a knight. Jack expressed that Jacob is a knight. Mason expressed that Jacob is a knight and Mason is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Harper is a knave, Jack is a knight, and Mason is a knight.

(1) Jacob is a knight
(2) Penelope is a knave
(3) Harper is a knave
(4) Jack is a knight
(5) Mason is a knight

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knight.

(('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)), ('telling-truth', 0), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: William, Benjamin, Ethan, Amelia, and Avery. William expressed that Ethan is not a knave. "Amelia is a knight and William is a knight," Benjamin declared. According to Ethan, "Benjamin is a knave". "Ethan is a knave and Avery is a knave," Amelia claimed. Avery said that Benjamin is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Ethan is a knight, Amelia is a knave, and Avery is a knave.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Ethan is a knight
(4) Amelia is a knave
(5) Avery is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight and William is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that Amelia is a knight and William is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Joseph, Abigail, Zoey, Oliver, and Ava. Joseph told you that Oliver is a knight and Ava is a knave. Abigail expressed that Oliver is a knight and Joseph is a knave. Zoey stated, "Zoey is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave". "Zoey is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave," Oliver declared. Ava said that Abigail is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Oliver is a knave, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Joseph is a knave
(2) Abigail is a knave
(3) Zoey is a knight
(4) Oliver is a knave
(5) Ava is a knight

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight and Ava is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Oliver is a knight and Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Abigail is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava and Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Zoey is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, Abigail, and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Oliver is a knight and Ava is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight and Ava is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Zoey is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Oliver is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Zoey is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ethan, Sebastian, Joseph, Sophia, and Scarlett. Ethan said that Sebastian is not a knave. Sebastian expressed that Sophia is a knight. Joseph told you that If Sebastian is a knave then Sophia is a knave. "Ethan is a knave or Joseph is a knight," Sophia declared. "Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave," Scarlett declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Sophia is a knight, and Scarlett is a knight.

(1) Ethan is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Joseph is a knight
(4) Sophia is a knight
(5) Scarlett is a knight

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave or Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Charlotte, Luke, Aurora, Amelia, and Oliver. In a statement by Charlotte: "Luke is not a knave". "If Amelia is a knight then Aurora is a knight," Luke declared. In a statement by Aurora: "Charlotte is a knave or Luke is a knave". Amelia said that Amelia is a knight and Luke is a knight. Oliver noted, "Charlotte is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knight, Luke is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Amelia is a knave, and Oliver is a knight.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Luke is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knave
(4) Amelia is a knave
(5) Oliver is a knight

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knave or Luke is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that If Amelia is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave or Luke is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Charlotte, Owen, Logan, Samuel, and Ella. In a statement by Charlotte: "Samuel is not a knave". "Samuel is a knave," Owen declared. Logan stated, "Samuel is a knave or Charlotte is a knave". Samuel said, "Logan is a knight or Logan is a knave." According to Ella, "Logan is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knight, Owen is a knave, Logan is a knave, Samuel is a knight, and Ella is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Owen is a knave
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Samuel is a knight
(5) Ella is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight or Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knave or Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave or Charlotte is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Grace, Liam, Sebastian, Luke, and Evelyn. According to Grace, "If Sebastian is a knight then Luke is a knight". Liam expressed that If Grace is a knave then Luke is a knight. Sebastian stated, "Liam is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave". Luke stated, "Evelyn is a knight or Grace is a knave". "Grace is a knight and Evelyn is a knight," Evelyn claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace is a knight, Liam is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Luke is a knight, and Evelyn is a knight.

(1) Grace is a knight
(2) Liam is a knight
(3) Sebastian is a knight
(4) Luke is a knight
(5) Evelyn is a knight

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Luke is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight or Grace is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight and Evelyn is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Chloe, Noah, Emma, and Penelope. Elizabeth said, "Emma is a knave." "If Noah is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight," Chloe declared. "If Penelope is a knight then Noah is a knight," Noah declared. "If Elizabeth is a knave then Penelope is a knight," Emma claimed. Penelope said, "Chloe is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Noah is a knave, Emma is a knight, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Elizabeth is a knave
(2) Chloe is a knave
(3) Noah is a knave
(4) Emma is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knight

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Elizabeth is a knave then Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Chloe is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Noah is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that If Noah is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Penelope is a knight then Noah is a knight.