A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sophia, Ella, Owen, Charlotte, and Chloe. As Sophia put it, "Charlotte is a knight or Owen is a knight". Ella was heard saying, "Charlotte is a knave and Sophia is a knave". Owen remarked, "Charlotte is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight". Charlotte was heard saying, "If Ella is a knight then Charlotte is a knight". Chloe remarked, "Chloe is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia is a knave, Ella is a knight, Owen is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, and Chloe is a knave.

(1) Sophia is a knave
(2) Ella is a knight
(3) Owen is a knave
(4) Charlotte is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knave

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight or Owen is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knave and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Chloe is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, Owen, and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ella is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that If Ella is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight or Owen is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Charlotte is a knight or Owen is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave and Sophia is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Charlotte is a knight or Owen is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: David, William, Aurora, Liam, and Logan. David told you that William is a knave or Aurora is a knave. William told you that If David is a knave then Liam is a knight. "David is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight," Aurora claimed. Liam told you that Logan is a knave. Logan remarked, "William is a knight if and only if William is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knight, William is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Liam is a knight, and Logan is a knave.

(1) David is a knight
(2) William is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knave
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) Logan is a knave

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave or Aurora is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that William is a knave or Aurora is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Charlotte, Abigail, Grace, Mia, and Scarlett. "If Grace is a knave then Mia is a knight" - Charlotte. "Scarlett is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight" - Abigail. In a statement by Grace: "Scarlett is a knave". "Grace is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knight," Mia mentioned. Scarlett noted, "Mia is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Grace is a knave, Mia is a knave, and Scarlett is a knight.

(1) Charlotte is a knave
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Grace is a knave
(4) Mia is a knave
(5) Scarlett is a knight

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knave then Mia is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Mia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knight.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that If Grace is a knave then Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Grace is a knave then Mia is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that If Grace is a knave then Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that If Grace is a knave then Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Joseph, Lily, Benjamin, Chloe, and Harper. "Joseph is a knight and Chloe is a knave," Joseph declared. "If Lily is a knight then Joseph is a knave," Lily claimed. Benjamin remarked, "Joseph is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight". Chloe stated, "If Harper is a knave then Benjamin is a knight". Harper noted, "Benjamin is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knave, Lily is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Chloe is a knight, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Joseph is a knave
(2) Lily is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knight
(5) Harper is a knave

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Joseph is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Harper is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that If Harper is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that If Harper is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Joseph is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, Harper, and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is not a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Benjamin is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knight then Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sebastian, Aurora, Henry, Ava, and Emily. "Henry is a knave and Sebastian is a knight," Sebastian mentioned. Aurora commented, "If Henry is a knight then Ava is a knave". In Henry's words: "Emily is not a knight". Ava stated, "Henry is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knave". Emily asserted: "Henry is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian is a knave, Aurora is a knave, Henry is a knight, Ava is a knight, and Emily is a knave.

(1) Sebastian is a knave
(2) Aurora is a knave
(3) Henry is a knight
(4) Ava is a knight
(5) Emily is a knave

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave and Sebastian is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Henry is a knave and Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is not a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Henry is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Henry is a knight then Ava is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Emily is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave and Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is not a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Emily is not a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Henry is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Henry is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ella, Zoey, Logan, Emily, and Michael. Ella remarked, "Zoey is a knave and Zoey is a knight". Zoey expressed that Ella is a knight and Zoey is a knight. Logan noted, "If Ella is a knave then Zoey is a knave". Emily expressed that Ella is a knave and Michael is a knight. "If Emily is a knave then Zoey is a knave," Michael claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella is a knave, Zoey is a knave, Logan is a knight, Emily is a knight, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Ella is a knave
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Emily is a knight
(5) Michael is a knight

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave and Zoey is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave and Zoey is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is a knight and Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight and Zoey is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knave then Zoey is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knave then Zoey is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Matthew, Emma, Jackson, William, and Jack. "Jackson is a knight if and only if William is a knave," Matthew mentioned. Emma was heard saying, "Matthew is a knight". Jackson commented, "Emma is a knight and Emma is a knave". As William put it, "If Jack is a knave then Emma is a knave". Jack said, "Jack is a knight and William is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew is a knight, Emma is a knight, Jackson is a knave, William is a knight, and Jack is a knight.

(1) Matthew is a knight
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Jackson is a knave
(4) William is a knight
(5) Jack is a knight

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Emma is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight and William is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Noah, Aria, Jackson, Abigail, and Zoey. Noah was heard saying, "Zoey is a knight and Noah is a knight". Aria told you that If Noah is a knight then Jackson is a knight. Jackson remarked, "Noah is a knave and Aria is a knave". Abigail noted, "Noah is a knight or Aria is a knight". "Aria is a knight and Noah is a knave," Zoey declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah is a knave, Aria is a knight, Jackson is a knave, Abigail is a knight, and Zoey is a knight.

(1) Noah is a knave
(2) Aria is a knight
(3) Jackson is a knave
(4) Abigail is a knight
(5) Zoey is a knight

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight and Noah is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knight and Noah is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Zoey is a knight and Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight and Noah is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight and Noah is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knight then Jackson is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is a knave and Aria is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave and Aria is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight or Aria is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('lying', 0), ('lying', 1)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jack, Mia, Aurora, Matthew, and Noah. Jack asserted: "If Matthew is a knave then Noah is a knave". As Mia put it, "Mia is a knight and Aurora is a knight". In Aurora's words: "Mia is a knight". As Matthew put it, "If Matthew is a knight then Mia is a knight". In Noah's words: "If Jack is a knave then Matthew is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knight, Mia is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Matthew is a knight, and Noah is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Mia is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Noah is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knave then Noah is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knight then Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Matthew is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Victoria, Oliver, Henry, Zoey, and Owen. Victoria commented, "Henry is a knave". Oliver expressed that Zoey is a knave or Owen is a knave. Henry noted, "If Owen is a knight then Zoey is a knave". Zoey said that Oliver is a knave and Victoria is a knight. Owen remarked, "If Oliver is a knave then Oliver is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Henry is a knight, Zoey is a knave, and Owen is a knight.

(1) Victoria is a knave
(2) Oliver is a knight
(3) Henry is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knave
(5) Owen is a knight

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knight then Zoey is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Oliver is a knave then Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave or Owen is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Zoey is a knave or Owen is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that If Owen is a knight then Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that If Oliver is a knave then Oliver is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that If Owen is a knight then Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knight then Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave and Victoria is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mason, Victoria, David, Logan, and Alexander. In a statement by Mason: "Alexander is a knight and Victoria is a knight". As Victoria put it, "Victoria is a knight and Alexander is a knave". David asserted: "Victoria is a knight or Logan is a knave". Logan asserted: "If Victoria is a knave then Victoria is a knight". Alexander told you that Mason is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason is a knave, Victoria is a knave, David is a knight, Logan is a knave, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Mason is a knave
(2) Victoria is a knave
(3) David is a knight
(4) Logan is a knave
(5) Alexander is a knight

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Alexander is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Alexander is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight or Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Victoria is a knight or Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Victoria is a knave then Victoria is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 4)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 3)), ('->', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ethan, Sophia, David, Evelyn, and Michael. Ethan said that Sophia is not a knave. Sophia commented, "Evelyn is not a knight". "Ethan is a knight and Michael is a knave" - David. In a statement by Evelyn: "Ethan is a knave if and only if David is a knight". Michael was heard saying, "Ethan is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan is a knight, Sophia is a knight, David is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, and Michael is a knave.

(1) Ethan is a knight
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) David is a knight
(4) Evelyn is a knave
(5) Michael is a knave

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is not a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Evelyn is not a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Ethan is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Riley, Abigail, James, Owen, and Noah. Riley told you that James is a knight or Abigail is a knight. Abigail stated, "Riley is a knight or Riley is a knave". James remarked, "Noah is not a knave". "Abigail is a knight," Owen declared. Noah said, "Abigail is a knight and Riley is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley is a knight, Abigail is a knight, James is a knight, Owen is a knight, and Noah is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knight
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) James is a knight
(4) Owen is a knight
(5) Noah is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight or Abigail is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is not a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight and Riley is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight or Riley is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 0)), ('not', ('lying', 4)), ('telling-truth', 1), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Olivia, Logan, Noah, Lily, and Mia. Olivia was heard saying, "Mia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight". Logan stated, "Mia is a knight or Lily is a knave". Noah commented, "Olivia is a knight or Mia is a knight". According to Lily, "If Olivia is a knave then Noah is a knight". Mia expressed that Lily is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia is a knight, Logan is a knave, Noah is a knight, Lily is a knight, and Mia is a knave.

(1) Olivia is a knight
(2) Logan is a knave
(3) Noah is a knight
(4) Lily is a knight
(5) Mia is a knave

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Mia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Olivia is a knave then Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knave then Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight or Mia is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight or Lily is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight or Lily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jack, Ava, Sophia, Zoey, and David. "David is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight" - Jack. As Ava put it, "David is a knave or Sophia is a knight". "If Jack is a knave then Ava is a knight," Sophia mentioned. Zoey expressed that If David is a knave then David is a knight. David was heard saying, "Ava is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knave, Ava is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Zoey is a knight, and David is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) Sophia is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) David is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is not a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that David is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that David is a knave or Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Ava is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is not a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Ava is not a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that David is a knave or Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava and David, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Ava is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knave then David is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Evelyn, Luke, Chloe, Lily, and Emma. Evelyn told you that Luke is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight. Luke said that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave. Chloe stated, "Lily is a knave". Lily remarked, "Emma is a knave or Chloe is a knave". Emma expressed that Chloe is a knave and Lily is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn is a knave, Luke is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Lily is a knight, and Emma is a knight.

(1) Evelyn is a knave
(2) Luke is a knave
(3) Chloe is a knave
(4) Lily is a knight
(5) Emma is a knight

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emma is a knave or Chloe is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Chloe is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Lily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, Chloe, and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Chloe is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave or Chloe is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jackson, Avery, Oliver, Riley, and Elizabeth. According to Jackson, "Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight". Avery expressed that Oliver is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight. Oliver remarked, "Riley is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight". Riley was heard saying, "Elizabeth is a knight or Avery is a knight". Elizabeth said, "Jackson is a knave and Oliver is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson is a knave, Avery is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Riley is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knight.

(1) Jackson is a knave
(2) Avery is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knave
(4) Riley is a knight
(5) Elizabeth is a knight

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave and Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Jackson is a knave and Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Noah, Ava, Henry, and James. Emily said, "Noah is a knight and James is a knave." Noah asserted: "Henry is a knave". "Ava is a knight or Emily is a knave," Ava claimed. In Henry's words: "Henry is a knight or Noah is a knight". According to James, "Emily is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knave, Noah is a knave, Ava is a knight, Henry is a knight, and James is a knave.

(1) Emily is a knave
(2) Noah is a knave
(3) Ava is a knight
(4) Henry is a knight
(5) James is a knave

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight and James is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Henry is a knight or Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Noah is a knight and James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight and James is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight or Noah is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is not a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is not a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight or Emily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emma, Olivia, Samuel, Grace, and Sofia. Emma asserted: "Grace is a knave or Grace is a knight". Olivia said that Sofia is not a knight. Samuel noted, "Grace is a knight and Samuel is a knight". Grace stated, "Sofia is a knight". In a statement by Sofia: "Samuel is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Samuel is a knave, Grace is a knight, and Sofia is a knight.

(1) Emma is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knave
(3) Samuel is a knave
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Sofia is a knight

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave or Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Samuel is not a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is not a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is not a knight.

(('or', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ethan, Henry, William, Oliver, and Ava. Ethan stated, "Ava is a knight or Oliver is a knight". Henry stated, "Oliver is not a knave". William asserted: "Ethan is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight". As Oliver put it, "Ava is a knight or Henry is a knave". According to Ava, "Henry is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan is a knight, Henry is a knight, William is a knight, Oliver is a knight, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Ethan is a knight
(2) Henry is a knight
(3) William is a knight
(4) Oliver is a knight
(5) Ava is a knight

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight or Oliver is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight or Henry is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Samuel, Harper, Lucas, Owen, and Chloe. "Harper is a knight" - Samuel. Harper commented, "Samuel is a knave or Lucas is a knave". "Samuel is a knave and Chloe is a knight," Lucas declared. "Samuel is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave," Owen declared. Chloe said, "Lucas is a knave or Owen is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel is a knight, Harper is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Owen is a knight, and Chloe is a knight.

(1) Samuel is a knight
(2) Harper is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knave
(4) Owen is a knight
(5) Chloe is a knight

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave or Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Samuel is a knave or Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Logan, Mia, Isabella, Michael, and Oliver. Logan said, "Isabella is a knave and Michael is a knight." "Oliver is not a knight," Mia mentioned. Isabella noted, "Oliver is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knight". Michael told you that Mia is a knight and Isabella is a knave. In a statement by Oliver: "Logan is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knave, Mia is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Michael is a knave, and Oliver is a knight.

(1) Logan is a knave
(2) Mia is a knave
(3) Isabella is a knave
(4) Michael is a knave
(5) Oliver is a knight

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Isabella is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is not a knight.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Logan is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Logan is a knave if and only if Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Oliver is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, Oliver, and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is not a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Isabella is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and Isabella is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aria, Jacob, Mason, Isabella, and Evelyn. As Aria put it, "Jacob is a knight and Evelyn is a knave". Jacob commented, "Mason is a knave and Evelyn is a knight". Mason asserted: "If Isabella is a knight then Evelyn is a knave". "Evelyn is a knight or Isabella is a knight," Isabella mentioned. Evelyn stated, "Mason is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria is a knave, Jacob is a knight, Mason is a knave, Isabella is a knight, and Evelyn is a knight.

(1) Aria is a knave
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Isabella is a knight
(5) Evelyn is a knight

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Mason is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Isabella is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight or Isabella is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Jacob is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Mason is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that If Isabella is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella and Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Jacob is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sofia, William, Penelope, Mia, and Owen. Sofia said, "Owen is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight." According to William, "If Sofia is a knave then Penelope is a knave". Penelope expressed that William is not a knave. Mia asserted: "Sofia is a knave or William is a knight". Owen remarked, "William is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia is a knight, William is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Mia is a knight, and Owen is a knight.

(1) Sofia is a knight
(2) William is a knight
(3) Penelope is a knight
(4) Mia is a knight
(5) Owen is a knight

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is not a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knave then Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is not a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave or William is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Harper, Sofia, Charlotte, Liam, and Mason. "Mason is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight," Harper mentioned. In a statement by Sofia: "Harper is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave". Charlotte commented, "Harper is a knave or Mason is a knight". In Liam's words: "Mason is a knave and Harper is a knave". Mason told you that Harper is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knave, Sofia is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Liam is a knight, and Mason is a knave.

(1) Harper is a knave
(2) Sofia is a knave
(3) Charlotte is a knight
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) Mason is a knave

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knave and Harper is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Mason is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave and Harper is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave or Mason is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Matthew, Ella, Riley, Ava, and Olivia. In a statement by Matthew: "Ella is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave". Ella remarked, "Riley is not a knave". In Riley's words: "Olivia is a knight". According to Ava, "Ava is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight". According to Olivia, "Ella is a knave or Ella is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew is a knight, Ella is a knight, Riley is a knight, Ava is a knight, and Olivia is a knight.

(1) Matthew is a knight
(2) Ella is a knight
(3) Riley is a knight
(4) Ava is a knight
(5) Olivia is a knight

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave or Ella is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: David, Sebastian, Logan, Zoey, and Ava. David commented, "Zoey is a knight and Logan is a knight". Sebastian commented, "Zoey is a knight if and only if Logan is a knight". Logan told you that Ava is a knight and Sebastian is a knight. "If Zoey is a knight then Sebastian is a knight," Zoey mentioned. Ava expressed that Zoey is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Logan is a knight, Zoey is a knight, and Ava is a knight.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Ava is a knight

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight and Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Joseph, Benjamin, Ava, Scarlett, and Henry. Joseph told you that Ava is a knave and Ava is a knight. Benjamin asserted: "If Henry is a knight then Ava is a knave". As Ava put it, "Henry is a knight or Scarlett is a knave". Scarlett told you that Joseph is not a knave. "Benjamin is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight," Henry declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Ava is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, and Henry is a knight.

(1) Joseph is a knave
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Ava is a knight
(4) Scarlett is a knave
(5) Henry is a knight

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knave and Ava is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave and Ava is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight or Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Henry is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Henry is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is not a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Harper, Riley, Logan, Benjamin, and Joseph. Harper asserted: "Benjamin is a knave or Joseph is a knave". In Riley's words: "If Logan is a knave then Benjamin is a knight". Logan noted, "Benjamin is a knave and Logan is a knight". Benjamin noted, "Harper is a knight". According to Joseph, "Logan is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knight, Riley is a knight, Logan is a knave, Benjamin is a knight, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) Harper is a knight
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Benjamin is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knave

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Benjamin is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lucas, William, Mason, Henry, and Joseph. Lucas was heard saying, "Joseph is a knave or Mason is a knave". William noted, "Joseph is a knave or Mason is a knight". As Mason put it, "Henry is not a knight". Henry said that Joseph is a knight. Joseph expressed that If Henry is a knight then Mason is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knight, William is a knave, Mason is a knave, Henry is a knight, and Joseph is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) William is a knave
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Henry is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave or Mason is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knight then Mason is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Joseph is a knave or Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is not a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knave or Mason is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave or Mason is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Chloe, Michael, Emma, Ella, and Alexander. Chloe expressed that Ella is a knight or Chloe is a knight. "If Alexander is a knave then Chloe is a knave" - Michael. In a statement by Emma: "Alexander is a knight or Alexander is a knave". Ella noted, "If Michael is a knight then Alexander is a knight". Alexander told you that Emma is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knight, Michael is a knight, Emma is a knight, Ella is a knight, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Michael is a knight
(3) Emma is a knight
(4) Ella is a knight
(5) Alexander is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Alexander is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Zoey, Charlotte, Mia, Jacob, and Owen. "If Mia is a knave then Charlotte is a knight," Zoey claimed. According to Charlotte, "Jacob is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave". Mia stated, "Owen is a knight". Jacob said that Jacob is a knight and Zoey is a knight. Owen stated, "Zoey is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Zoey is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Mia is a knave, Jacob is a knight, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Zoey is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Mia is a knave
(4) Jacob is a knight
(5) Owen is a knave

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight and Zoey is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lucas, Elizabeth, Aurora, Aiden, and Samuel. "Elizabeth is not a knight," Lucas mentioned. In Elizabeth's words: "Aurora is not a knight". According to Aurora, "If Aurora is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave". Aiden asserted: "Lucas is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight". Samuel was heard saying, "Elizabeth is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, Aurora is a knight, Aiden is a knave, and Samuel is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knave
(3) Aurora is a knight
(4) Aiden is a knave
(5) Samuel is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is not a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Daniel, Victoria, Benjamin, Mia, and William. Daniel asserted: "Mia is a knight and Benjamin is a knight". "If Benjamin is a knight then Benjamin is a knave," Victoria claimed. Benjamin said, "Daniel is not a knave." Mia commented, "Victoria is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight". "If Victoria is a knave then Mia is a knave," William claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Mia is a knave, and William is a knight.

(1) Daniel is a knave
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knave
(4) Mia is a knave
(5) William is a knight

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight and Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that If Benjamin is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Mia is a knight and Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Victoria is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Mia is a knight and Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and Benjamin is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Victoria is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Benjamin is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Mia is a knight and Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that If Benjamin is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knave then Mia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Benjamin, Emily, James, Evelyn, and Lucas. "Emily is a knave or Evelyn is a knight" - Benjamin. In a statement by Emily: "Evelyn is a knave or Emily is a knight". According to James, "Emily is a knave or Lucas is a knight". Evelyn asserted: "If Emily is a knave then Emily is a knight". In Lucas's words: "Emily is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin is a knight, Emily is a knight, James is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, and Lucas is a knave.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Emily is a knight
(3) James is a knave
(4) Evelyn is a knight
(5) Lucas is a knave

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave or Emily is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knave then Emily is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave or Lucas is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Emily is a knave or Lucas is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave or Lucas is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Emily is a knave or Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lily, Logan, Amelia, Liam, and Ava. "If Ava is a knight then Amelia is a knight," Lily claimed. "Amelia is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave," Logan mentioned. In Amelia's words: "Logan is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave". Liam expressed that Lily is a knight and Ava is a knight. Ava expressed that If Logan is a knight then Lily is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knight, Logan is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Liam is a knight, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Lily is a knight
(2) Logan is a knave
(3) Amelia is a knight
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) Ava is a knight

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ava is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knight then Lily is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Amelia is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that If Ava is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight and Ava is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mia, Penelope, Harper, Michael, and Sophia. Mia noted, "Mia is a knight or Sophia is a knight". "If Mia is a knight then Harper is a knight," Penelope declared. According to Harper, "If Michael is a knight then Mia is a knight". As Michael put it, "If Harper is a knave then Penelope is a knight". Sophia asserted: "Michael is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Harper is a knight, Michael is a knight, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Michael is a knight
(5) Sophia is a knight

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knave then Penelope is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knight then Mia is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knight then Harper is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Avery, Chloe, Daniel, Abigail, and Elizabeth. "If Chloe is a knave then Daniel is a knight," Avery declared. "Avery is a knave and Daniel is a knight," Chloe claimed. "If Elizabeth is a knave then Chloe is a knight," Daniel claimed. Abigail remarked, "Daniel is a knave if and only if Avery is a knave". "Avery is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight" - Elizabeth. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Abigail is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Avery is a knave
(2) Chloe is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knave
(4) Abigail is a knight
(5) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave and Daniel is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave and Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then Chloe is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that If Elizabeth is a knave then Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that If Chloe is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Chloe is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that If Chloe is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that If Chloe is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then Chloe is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that If Elizabeth is a knave then Chloe is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Avery is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sebastian, Zoey, Alexander, Riley, and Noah. As Sebastian put it, "If Alexander is a knave then Zoey is a knave". "Noah is a knight or Sebastian is a knight," Zoey claimed. Alexander noted, "If Sebastian is a knave then Sebastian is a knight". Riley commented, "Sebastian is a knight". Noah stated, "Zoey is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Riley is a knight, and Noah is a knave.

(1) Sebastian is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Alexander is a knight
(4) Riley is a knight
(5) Noah is a knave

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then Zoey is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knave then Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight or Sebastian is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ava, Oliver, Victoria, Amelia, and Lucas. Ava noted, "Oliver is a knight and Victoria is a knave". Oliver said, "Lucas is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight." Victoria remarked, "Amelia is not a knight". Amelia told you that Ava is a knight and Victoria is a knave. In Lucas's words: "If Lucas is a knight then Victoria is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Amelia is a knave, and Lucas is a knight.

(1) Ava is a knave
(2) Oliver is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Amelia is a knave
(5) Lucas is a knight

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knight then Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Oliver is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Lucas is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Lucas is a knight then Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Oliver is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is not a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Amelia is not a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 2)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 2)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Victoria, Mason, Abigail, Samuel, and Aurora. Victoria asserted: "Victoria is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knight". "Samuel is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave" - Mason. In a statement by Abigail: "Samuel is a knight". Samuel stated, "Victoria is a knight and Abigail is a knight". Aurora expressed that Samuel is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria is a knight, Mason is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Aurora is a knave.

(1) Victoria is a knight
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Abigail is a knight
(4) Samuel is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knave

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Sophia, Benjamin, Joseph, Victoria, and Alexander. Sophia asserted: "Joseph is not a knight". Benjamin said, "Joseph is a knave." Joseph told you that If Alexander is a knave then Sophia is a knave. In Victoria's words: "Joseph is a knave and Benjamin is a knave". Alexander noted, "Victoria is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia Benjamin Joseph Victoria Alexander

Sophia is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Joseph is a knight, Victoria is a knave, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Sophia is a knave
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knight
(4) Victoria is a knave
(5) Alexander is a knight

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Joseph is not a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Alexander is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that If Alexander is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave and Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Joseph is a knave and Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Victoria is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, Alexander, and Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is not a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knave and Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave and Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Abigail, Elizabeth, Joseph, Benjamin, and Sofia. Abigail said, "Abigail is a knight and Sofia is a knight." As Elizabeth put it, "Abigail is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave". Joseph said, "Benjamin is a knave or Abigail is a knight." "Sofia is a knave and Sofia is a knight," Benjamin declared. As Sofia put it, "Joseph is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Joseph is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, and Sofia is a knight.

(1) Abigail is a knave
(2) Elizabeth is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knight
(4) Benjamin is a knave
(5) Sofia is a knight

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight and Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Joseph is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Abigail is a knight and Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight and Sofia is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Benjamin is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave and Sofia is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Isabella, Emily, Ella, Samuel, and Amelia. Isabella noted, "Samuel is a knight or Samuel is a knave". "Amelia is a knave or Ella is a knight," Emily declared. Ella noted, "Emily is not a knave". Samuel was heard saying, "Ella is not a knave". "Samuel is a knave and Ella is a knight," Amelia declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella is a knight, Emily is a knight, Ella is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Amelia is a knave.

(1) Isabella is a knight
(2) Emily is a knight
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) Samuel is a knight
(5) Amelia is a knave

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight or Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is not a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave or Ella is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knave and Ella is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave and Ella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: William, Mason, Joseph, Lucas, and Victoria. William remarked, "Lucas is a knave or Mason is a knight". Mason asserted: "Victoria is a knight". "If Mason is a knave then Mason is a knight," Joseph claimed. "Victoria is a knight and William is a knight," Lucas declared. Victoria commented, "If Lucas is a knight then William is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knight, Mason is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Lucas is a knight, and Victoria is a knight.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Joseph is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knight
(5) Victoria is a knight

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Mason is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight and William is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knight then William is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mason is a knave then Mason is a knight.

(('or', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('->', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Scarlett, Michael, Ethan, Grace, and Joseph. According to Scarlett, "Joseph is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight". "Ethan is a knight or Joseph is a knave" - Michael. "Scarlett is not a knight," Ethan claimed. Grace remarked, "Michael is not a knight". "If Scarlett is a knight then Michael is a knave" - Joseph. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett is a knight, Michael is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Grace is a knave, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knight
(2) Michael is a knight
(3) Ethan is a knave
(4) Grace is a knave
(5) Joseph is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that If Scarlett is a knight then Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight or Joseph is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Ethan is a knight or Joseph is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Joseph is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan and Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight or Joseph is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Joseph is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is not a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Alexander, James, Sofia, Chloe, and Mia. Alexander stated, "Mia is a knight". James remarked, "Chloe is a knave or Alexander is a knave". "Chloe is a knave," Sofia declared. Chloe noted, "James is a knight and Alexander is a knight". Mia said that Chloe is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander is a knave, James is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Chloe is a knave, and Mia is a knave.

(1) Alexander is a knave
(2) James is a knight
(3) Sofia is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Mia is a knave

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave or Alexander is a knave.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that James is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that James is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Chloe is a knave or Alexander is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Alexander is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave.

(('telling-truth', 4), ('or', ('lying', 3), ('lying', 0)), ('lying', 3), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Zoey, Sophia, Michael, Matthew, and Logan. In Zoey's words: "Logan is a knight". In Sophia's words: "Logan is a knight or Logan is a knave". "Matthew is a knight," Michael claimed. "If Zoey is a knight then Sophia is a knight," Matthew mentioned. Logan said that Matthew is a knave or Michael is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Zoey is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Michael is a knight, Matthew is a knight, and Logan is a knave.

(1) Zoey is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Logan is a knave

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight or Logan is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Matthew is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Matthew is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knight or Logan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Zoey is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that If Zoey is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia and Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 4), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 4)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('->', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('lying', 3), ('lying', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: James, Sofia, Liam, Aiden, and Ella. As James put it, "Sofia is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave". "Ella is not a knight," Sofia claimed. "Aiden is a knight," Liam declared. Aiden said that Sofia is a knight or Ella is a knave. Ella commented, "Liam is a knave and Sofia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Liam is a knight, Aiden is a knight, and Ella is a knave.

(1) James is a knave
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Liam is a knight
(4) Aiden is a knight
(5) Ella is a knave

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Ella is not a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave and Sofia is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight or Ella is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Harper, Isabella, Mia, Emma, and James. As Harper put it, "Isabella is a knave or Isabella is a knight". Isabella stated, "Harper is a knight or James is a knight". "Emma is not a knave," Mia mentioned. "If Mia is a knave then Harper is a knight," Emma claimed. James asserted: "If Isabella is a knight then Mia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Mia is a knight, Emma is a knight, and James is a knight.

(1) Harper is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) Emma is a knight
(5) James is a knight

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave or Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight or James is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knight then Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Harper is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Owen, Victoria, Noah, Riley, and Lily. "Owen is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight," Owen mentioned. Victoria said that If Noah is a knight then Noah is a knave. According to Noah, "Owen is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave". Riley said that Riley is a knight and Noah is a knight. Lily said, "If Noah is a knight then Owen is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Noah is a knave, Riley is a knave, and Lily is a knight.

(1) Owen is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Noah is a knave
(4) Riley is a knave
(5) Lily is a knight

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knight then Noah is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that If Noah is a knight then Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Owen is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight and Noah is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knight then Owen is a knight.