A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Avery, Jacob, Elizabeth, Riley, Amelia, Alexander, Henry, and Oliver. Avery commented, "Oliver is a knight and Riley is a knight". In Jacob's words: "Oliver is a knight or Henry is a knight". "Henry is a knight," Elizabeth claimed. According to Riley, "Elizabeth is a knight". Amelia remarked, "Oliver is not a knave". Alexander asserted: "If Amelia is a knave then Riley is a knight". "If Oliver is a knave then Amelia is a knave" - Henry. Oliver asserted: "Henry is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery Jacob Elizabeth Riley Amelia Alexander Henry Oliver

Avery is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Riley is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Henry is a knight, and Oliver is a knight.

(1) Avery is a knight
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Elizabeth is a knight
(4) Riley is a knight
(5) Amelia is a knight
(6) Alexander is a knight
(7) Henry is a knight
(8) Oliver is a knight

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight and Riley is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Oliver is a knave then Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight or Henry is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knave then Riley is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ava, Logan, Penelope, Joseph, Mason, Liam, Evelyn, and Sophia. Ava noted, "Penelope is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight". According to Logan, "Sophia is a knave or Logan is a knight". Penelope expressed that Sophia is a knave. Joseph said that Penelope is a knave or Logan is a knight. Mason commented, "Evelyn is a knight and Logan is a knave". Liam remarked, "Ava is a knight". Evelyn asserted: "Sophia is a knave and Logan is a knave". Sophia said that Ava is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava Logan Penelope Joseph Mason Liam Evelyn Sophia

Ava is a knave, Logan is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Mason is a knave, Liam is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, and Sophia is a knave.

(1) Ava is a knave
(2) Logan is a knight
(3) Penelope is a knight
(4) Joseph is a knight
(5) Mason is a knave
(6) Liam is a knave
(7) Evelyn is a knave
(8) Sophia is a knave

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Penelope is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Penelope is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Sophia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that Penelope is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Ava is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight and Logan is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave and Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Sophia is a knave and Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sophia is a knave or Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave and Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave or Logan is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Logan is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Zoey, Charlotte, Mason, Jack, Jacob, Mia, Grace, and Riley. Zoey stated, "Grace is a knave or Jack is a knave". "If Mia is a knave then Jacob is a knave" - Charlotte. Mason was heard saying, "Jack is a knave or Grace is a knave". In a statement by Jack: "Grace is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave". According to Jacob, "Mason is a knight". Mia was heard saying, "Jack is a knight". "Mia is a knight or Mason is a knave" - Grace. Riley remarked, "Mason is a knave and Zoey is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Zoey Charlotte Mason Jack Jacob Mia Grace Riley

Zoey is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Mason is a knave, Jack is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Mia is a knight, Grace is a knight, and Riley is a knave.

(1) Zoey is a knave
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Jack is a knight
(5) Jacob is a knave
(6) Mia is a knight
(7) Grace is a knight
(8) Riley is a knave

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave or Jack is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Grace is a knave or Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Mia is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jack is a knave or Grace is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Grace is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, Jack, and Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Mia is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Jack is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Grace is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, Jacob, Jack, Mia, and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave or Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Grace is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave or Grace is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave or Grace is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Jacob is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knave and Zoey is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave and Zoey is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jackson, Emma, Owen, Chloe, Matthew, Michael, Logan, and Liam. As Jackson put it, "Chloe is a knave". Emma stated, "Jackson is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight". "Matthew is a knight," Owen mentioned. "Jackson is a knight and Liam is a knave," Chloe mentioned. Matthew stated, "Michael is a knight and Emma is a knave". Michael remarked, "Owen is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave". Logan said, "Chloe is a knave or Emma is a knave." "Matthew is a knave or Michael is a knave," Liam claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson Emma Owen Chloe Matthew Michael Logan Liam

Jackson is a knight, Emma is a knight, Owen is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Matthew is a knave, Michael is a knight, Logan is a knight, and Liam is a knight.

(1) Jackson is a knight
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Owen is a knave
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Matthew is a knave
(6) Michael is a knight
(7) Logan is a knight
(8) Liam is a knight

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight and Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Matthew is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Michael is a knight and Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Emma is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mason, Ella, Zoey, Victoria, Liam, Owen, Lucas, and Elizabeth. In Mason's words: "Lucas is a knight and Owen is a knight". Ella stated, "Victoria is a knave". Zoey remarked, "Victoria is not a knave". "Elizabeth is not a knave," Victoria declared. Liam told you that Zoey is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight. "Liam is a knight," Owen declared. "If Victoria is a knave then Elizabeth is a knave," Lucas mentioned. "Owen is a knight and Lucas is a knave," Elizabeth mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason Ella Zoey Victoria Liam Owen Lucas Elizabeth

Mason is a knave, Ella is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Victoria is a knave, Liam is a knave, Owen is a knave, Lucas is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Mason is a knave
(2) Ella is a knight
(3) Zoey is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knave
(5) Liam is a knave
(6) Owen is a knave
(7) Lucas is a knight
(8) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight and Owen is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knave then Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knight and Lucas is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Elizabeth is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Lucas is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Lucas is a knight and Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, Elizabeth, and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Lucas is a knight and Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight and Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Lucas is a knight and Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Charlotte, Mia, Scarlett, Emily, Jacob, Isabella, Matthew, and Benjamin. In Charlotte's words: "Emily is a knight and Scarlett is a knave". Mia said, "Isabella is a knave and Scarlett is a knight." According to Scarlett, "Mia is not a knave". "Matthew is a knave" - Emily. Jacob stated, "Scarlett is a knight or Benjamin is a knight". "If Mia is a knave then Benjamin is a knight" - Isabella. Matthew noted, "Jacob is a knave and Benjamin is a knight". In Benjamin's words: "Mia is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte Mia Scarlett Emily Jacob Isabella Matthew Benjamin

Charlotte is a knight, Mia is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Emily is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Matthew is a knave, and Benjamin is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Mia is a knave
(3) Scarlett is a knave
(4) Emily is a knight
(5) Jacob is a knave
(6) Isabella is a knave
(7) Matthew is a knave
(8) Benjamin is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave and Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight or Benjamin is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Emily is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Scarlett is a knight or Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Mia is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Isabella that If Mia is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, Isabella, Mia, and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight or Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Scarlett is a knight or Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that If Mia is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jackson, Owen, Emma, Ella, Abigail, Penelope, Isabella, and Evelyn. In Jackson's words: "Emma is a knave or Penelope is a knave". Owen noted, "Emma is a knight". Emma expressed that Isabella is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knight. Ella commented, "Penelope is a knight". Abigail noted, "Isabella is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight". Penelope said, "Jackson is a knight and Jackson is a knave." Isabella told you that Jackson is a knave. Evelyn remarked, "Ella is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson Owen Emma Ella Abigail Penelope Isabella Evelyn

Jackson is a knight, Owen is a knight, Emma is a knight, Ella is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Isabella is a knave, and Evelyn is a knave.

(1) Jackson is a knight
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) Emma is a knight
(4) Ella is a knave
(5) Abigail is a knave
(6) Penelope is a knave
(7) Isabella is a knave
(8) Evelyn is a knave

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave or Penelope is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Isabella is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Isabella is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Emma is a knave or Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight and Jackson is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is not a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, Logan, Matthew, Benjamin, Chloe, Victoria, Abigail, and Jacob. "Logan is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight" - Jack. According to Logan, "Chloe is a knight or Matthew is a knight". Matthew was heard saying, "Chloe is a knight". "Logan is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knight," Benjamin mentioned. "Victoria is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave," Chloe claimed. "Matthew is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight," Victoria declared. Abigail expressed that Jacob is a knave or Benjamin is a knight. In a statement by Jacob: "Chloe is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack Logan Matthew Benjamin Chloe Victoria Abigail Jacob

Jack is a knight, Logan is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Abigail is a knight, and Jacob is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Logan is a knight
(3) Matthew is a knight
(4) Benjamin is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knight
(6) Victoria is a knight
(7) Abigail is a knight
(8) Jacob is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or Matthew is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Victoria is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave or Benjamin is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Jacob is a knave or Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is not a knight.

(('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 5), ('lying', 3)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('lying', 7), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Luke, Charlotte, Jack, Owen, Ella, Samuel, Elizabeth, and Michael. As Luke put it, "Samuel is not a knave". Charlotte commented, "Michael is not a knight". "Michael is not a knight" - Jack. In a statement by Owen: "Charlotte is a knight and Luke is a knight". "Samuel is a knight if and only if Luke is a knight," Ella declared. Samuel commented, "If Michael is a knave then Elizabeth is a knave". "Michael is a knight" - Elizabeth. Michael asserted: "Charlotte is a knave or Jack is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke Charlotte Jack Owen Ella Samuel Elizabeth Michael

Luke is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Jack is a knave, Owen is a knave, Ella is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) Jack is a knave
(4) Owen is a knave
(5) Ella is a knight
(6) Samuel is a knight
(7) Elizabeth is a knight
(8) Michael is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knave then Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Noah, Charlotte, Oliver, Mia, Jackson, Liam, Aurora, and Elizabeth. Noah expressed that Liam is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight. "Mia is not a knight," Charlotte claimed. Oliver stated, "If Elizabeth is a knave then Jackson is a knave". Mia told you that Noah is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight. In a statement by Jackson: "If Oliver is a knave then Jackson is a knight". In a statement by Liam: "Jackson is a knight". In Aurora's words: "Mia is a knight and Aurora is a knight". Elizabeth commented, "Jackson is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah Charlotte Oliver Mia Jackson Liam Aurora Elizabeth

Noah is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Mia is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Liam is a knight, Aurora is a knave, and Elizabeth is a knight.

(1) Noah is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Mia is a knave
(5) Jackson is a knight
(6) Liam is a knight
(7) Aurora is a knave
(8) Elizabeth is a knight

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Oliver is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then Jackson is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Mia is not a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('->', ('lying', 7), ('lying', 4)), ('and', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('->', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 5)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Abigail, Sofia, Chloe, Jacob, Daniel, Alexander, Ava, and Ethan. According to Abigail, "If Abigail is a knight then Alexander is a knight". "Jacob is not a knight," Sofia claimed. Chloe asserted: "Jacob is a knight and Alexander is a knight". "Sofia is not a knight," Jacob mentioned. "Abigail is not a knave" - Daniel. Alexander commented, "Jacob is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave". According to Ava, "Chloe is a knight". Ethan said that If Chloe is a knave then Jacob is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail Sofia Chloe Jacob Daniel Alexander Ava Ethan

Abigail is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Chloe is a knave, Jacob is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Ava is a knave, and Ethan is a knave.

(1) Abigail is a knight
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Chloe is a knave
(4) Jacob is a knave
(5) Daniel is a knight
(6) Alexander is a knight
(7) Ava is a knave
(8) Ethan is a knave

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is not a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is not a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is not a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Jacob is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Abigail is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is not a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Chloe is a knave then Jacob is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Chloe is a knave then Jacob is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sofia, Aiden, Emma, Elizabeth, Mia, Avery, Sophia, and David. "David is a knight and David is a knave" - Sofia. Aiden told you that Sophia is a knave and Sofia is a knight. "David is a knight," Emma mentioned. Elizabeth told you that Mia is not a knight. "Emma is not a knave," Mia claimed. Avery told you that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight. "Elizabeth is a knight or Sofia is a knave," Sophia claimed. According to David, "Avery is a knave and Aiden is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia Aiden Emma Elizabeth Mia Avery Sophia David

Sofia is a knave, Aiden is a knave, Emma is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, Mia is a knave, Avery is a knave, Sophia is a knight, and David is a knave.

(1) Sofia is a knave
(2) Aiden is a knave
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Elizabeth is a knight
(5) Mia is a knave
(6) Avery is a knave
(7) Sophia is a knight
(8) David is a knave

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knight and David is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and David is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Mia is not a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is not a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Emma is not a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma and Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knave and Sofia is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Avery is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Mia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, Elizabeth, and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave and Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Sofia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emily, Penelope, Riley, Aiden, Lily, Henry, Alexander, and William. In a statement by Emily: "Aiden is not a knave". Penelope stated, "Riley is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight". Riley said that Emily is not a knight. Aiden expressed that If William is a knave then Lily is a knave. Lily noted, "Penelope is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave". "Emily is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight," Henry claimed. "Penelope is a knave or Emily is a knight," Alexander claimed. As William put it, "If William is a knight then Penelope is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily Penelope Riley Aiden Lily Henry Alexander William

Emily is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Riley is a knave, Aiden is a knight, Lily is a knave, Henry is a knave, Alexander is a knight, and William is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Penelope is a knave
(3) Riley is a knave
(4) Aiden is a knight
(5) Lily is a knave
(6) Henry is a knave
(7) Alexander is a knight
(8) William is a knight

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is not a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knave then Lily is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knight then Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that If William is a knight then Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Riley is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Penelope is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Penelope is a knave or Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Emily is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jacob, Jack, Jackson, Harper, Emma, Grace, Scarlett, and Ava. Jacob was heard saying, "Ava is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave". According to Jack, "Harper is not a knave". Jackson said, "Grace is a knave." Harper expressed that Emma is not a knave. Emma was heard saying, "Scarlett is a knave and Jacob is a knave". In a statement by Grace: "Jackson is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave". Scarlett said, "Ava is a knave." "Jackson is not a knave," Ava mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob Jack Jackson Harper Emma Grace Scarlett Ava

Jacob is a knight, Jack is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Harper is a knave, Emma is a knave, Grace is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, and Ava is a knave.

(1) Jacob is a knight
(2) Jack is a knave
(3) Jackson is a knave
(4) Harper is a knave
(5) Emma is a knave
(6) Grace is a knight
(7) Scarlett is a knight
(8) Ava is a knave

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is not a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Harper is not a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is not a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Emma is not a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Ava is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, Harper, Jack, and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Jackson is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that Jackson is not a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Ava is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave and Jacob is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Noah, Oliver, Chloe, Jack, Alexander, William, Elizabeth, and Liam. Noah told you that Chloe is a knight or Jack is a knave. "Jack is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knave," Oliver claimed. Chloe said, "Oliver is not a knight." Jack stated, "William is a knave and Chloe is a knight". "Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight," Alexander mentioned. William remarked, "Chloe is a knave and Noah is a knight". "Jack is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight," Elizabeth claimed. Liam remarked, "Jack is a knave and Oliver is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah Oliver Chloe Jack Alexander William Elizabeth Liam

Noah is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Jack is a knight, Alexander is a knight, William is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, and Liam is a knave.

(1) Noah is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knave
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) Jack is a knight
(5) Alexander is a knight
(6) William is a knave
(7) Elizabeth is a knave
(8) Liam is a knave

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or Jack is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Oliver is not a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave and Chloe is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that William is a knave and Chloe is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave and Noah is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Jack is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Jack is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave and Oliver is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ava, Harper, Ethan, Avery, Grace, Mason, Luke, and Michael. In a statement by Ava: "If Luke is a knight then Harper is a knight". "If Michael is a knight then Mason is a knight" - Harper. According to Ethan, "Grace is a knight". Avery said that Luke is a knight and Michael is a knight. Grace remarked, "Ava is a knave if and only if Michael is a knave". "Luke is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave," Mason declared. "Avery is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave," Luke declared. "If Avery is a knave then Grace is a knave," Michael mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava Harper Ethan Avery Grace Mason Luke Michael

Ava is a knave, Harper is a knave, Ethan is a knave, Avery is a knight, Grace is a knave, Mason is a knave, Luke is a knight, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Ava is a knave
(2) Harper is a knave
(3) Ethan is a knave
(4) Avery is a knight
(5) Grace is a knave
(6) Mason is a knave
(7) Luke is a knight
(8) Michael is a knight

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Harper is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Avery is a knave then Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Michael is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Avery is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ava is a knave if and only if Michael is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Luke is a knight and Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Luke is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Avery is a knave then Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knave if and only if Michael is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that If Avery is a knave then Grace is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, Michael, and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that If Avery is a knave then Grace is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, Michael, Avery, and Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Luke is a knight then Harper is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Michael is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that If Luke is a knight then Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Michael is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that If Michael is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Oliver, Lucas, Michael, Scarlett, Benjamin, Luke, Matthew, and Sofia. Oliver said, "Sofia is a knight." "Benjamin is a knave and Luke is a knave," Lucas claimed. "Matthew is a knight or Benjamin is a knave," Michael declared. According to Scarlett, "Michael is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight". Benjamin was heard saying, "Scarlett is a knave". "If Sofia is a knave then Oliver is a knight" - Luke. Matthew asserted: "Sofia is a knave". Sofia said, "Oliver is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver Lucas Michael Scarlett Benjamin Luke Matthew Sofia

Oliver is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Michael is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Benjamin is a knight, Luke is a knight, Matthew is a knave, and Sofia is a knight.

(1) Oliver is a knight
(2) Lucas is a knave
(3) Michael is a knave
(4) Scarlett is a knave
(5) Benjamin is a knight
(6) Luke is a knight
(7) Matthew is a knave
(8) Sofia is a knight

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Oliver is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight or Benjamin is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Matthew is a knight or Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knave then Oliver is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Charlotte, Aurora, Amelia, James, Penelope, William, and Jackson. "Jackson is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight" - Elizabeth. "Aurora is a knave and James is a knight," Charlotte claimed. Aurora noted, "William is a knave and Jackson is a knight". "William is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight," Amelia claimed. James asserted: "James is a knight". Penelope asserted: "Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave". William told you that Aurora is a knight or Jackson is a knave. Jackson commented, "James is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth Charlotte Aurora Amelia James Penelope William Jackson

Elizabeth is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Amelia is a knight, James is a knight, Penelope is a knave, William is a knight, and Jackson is a knave.

(1) Elizabeth is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knave
(4) Amelia is a knight
(5) James is a knight
(6) Penelope is a knave
(7) William is a knight
(8) Jackson is a knave

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that James is not a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that William is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight or Jackson is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Aurora is a knight or Jackson is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that William is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, William, and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Jackson is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope and James, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Jackson is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight or Jackson is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave and James is a knight.

(('<=>', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('and', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('and', ('lying', 6), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 7)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Joseph, Chloe, James, Liam, Luke, Zoey, William, and Mason. Joseph expressed that Chloe is a knight. "If James is a knave then Joseph is a knight," Chloe mentioned. James expressed that If James is a knight then Liam is a knave. Liam commented, "Joseph is a knight and Liam is a knight". "If Zoey is a knight then Joseph is a knave," Luke claimed. "James is a knave or James is a knight" - Zoey. William remarked, "Zoey is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave". "Liam is not a knight," Mason claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph Chloe James Liam Luke Zoey William Mason

Joseph is a knight, Chloe is a knight, James is a knight, Liam is a knave, Luke is a knave, Zoey is a knight, William is a knight, and Mason is a knight.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Chloe is a knight
(3) James is a knight
(4) Liam is a knave
(5) Luke is a knave
(6) Zoey is a knight
(7) William is a knight
(8) Mason is a knight

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knave then Joseph is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knight then Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that If James is a knight then Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight and Liam is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Joseph is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that If Zoey is a knight then Joseph is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knave or James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Zoey is a knight then Joseph is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or James is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Henry, Daniel, Owen, William, Lily, Evelyn, Amelia, and Michael. Henry was heard saying, "Lily is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knave". Daniel was heard saying, "Amelia is a knave". Owen told you that Henry is not a knight. "Amelia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knave," William declared. In a statement by Lily: "If Owen is a knight then Daniel is a knight". Evelyn expressed that Amelia is a knight or William is a knight. "Lily is not a knave," Amelia mentioned. Michael said, "Amelia is a knight or William is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry Daniel Owen William Lily Evelyn Amelia Michael

Henry is a knight, Daniel is a knave, Owen is a knave, William is a knight, Lily is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Amelia is a knight, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knave
(3) Owen is a knave
(4) William is a knight
(5) Lily is a knight
(6) Evelyn is a knight
(7) Amelia is a knight
(8) Michael is a knight

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knight then Daniel is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is not a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lily is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or William is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or William is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: William, Ethan, Matthew, Emma, Ava, Evelyn, Ella, and Owen. William noted, "If Ava is a knight then Ethan is a knight". "Matthew is a knave or Evelyn is a knight" - Ethan. Matthew said that Ella is a knight or Owen is a knight. "If Owen is a knight then Ava is a knight," Emma claimed. Ava was heard saying, "Ella is a knave or William is a knight". "Owen is a knave," Evelyn mentioned. Ella noted, "Evelyn is not a knight". "Ella is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight," Owen claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William Ethan Matthew Emma Ava Evelyn Ella Owen

William is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Emma is a knight, Ava is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Ella is a knave, and Owen is a knave.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Ethan is a knight
(3) Matthew is a knave
(4) Emma is a knight
(5) Ava is a knight
(6) Evelyn is a knight
(7) Ella is a knave
(8) Owen is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ava is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave or William is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is not a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Evelyn is not a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Matthew is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ella is a knight or Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that If Ava is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is not a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is a knight or Owen is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight or Owen is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knight then Ava is a knight.

(('->', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('lying', 6), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('lying', 7), ('not', ('telling-truth', 5)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sofia, Sophia, Benjamin, Evelyn, Oliver, Grace, Samuel, and Luke. Sofia was heard saying, "If Sophia is a knight then Luke is a knight". Sophia commented, "If Grace is a knave then Evelyn is a knave". Benjamin noted, "Benjamin is a knight". "Sofia is a knave," Evelyn mentioned. Oliver noted, "Luke is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave". According to Grace, "If Sofia is a knave then Sophia is a knave". Samuel stated, "Grace is a knight". According to Luke, "Evelyn is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia Sophia Benjamin Evelyn Oliver Grace Samuel Luke

Sofia is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Grace is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Luke is a knight.

(1) Sofia is a knight
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knight
(4) Evelyn is a knave
(5) Oliver is a knave
(6) Grace is a knight
(7) Samuel is a knight
(8) Luke is a knight

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Luke is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knave then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jacob, Penelope, James, Daniel, Amelia, Scarlett, Ava, and Noah. "Daniel is a knave or Ava is a knave" - Jacob. "Scarlett is a knave and Amelia is a knight," Penelope declared. James expressed that Jacob is a knight. In a statement by Daniel: "Noah is a knave". Amelia remarked, "Amelia is a knight or Scarlett is a knight". Scarlett said, "Penelope is not a knight." In Ava's words: "Penelope is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight". "Jacob is a knave or Ava is a knave" - Noah. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob Penelope James Daniel Amelia Scarlett Ava Noah

Jacob is a knight, Penelope is a knight, James is a knight, Daniel is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Ava is a knave, and Noah is a knight.

(1) Jacob is a knight
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) James is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knave
(5) Amelia is a knight
(6) Scarlett is a knave
(7) Ava is a knave
(8) Noah is a knight

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or Ava is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave or Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Daniel is a knave or Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Jacob is a knave or Ava is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava and Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave or Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Jacob is a knave or Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Scarlett is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or Scarlett is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aiden, Oliver, David, Chloe, Riley, Ethan, Michael, and Jack. "Ethan is a knight" - Aiden. Oliver remarked, "Aiden is a knight or Aiden is a knave". "Riley is not a knave" - David. Chloe commented, "Riley is a knave". Riley asserted: "If Jack is a knight then Aiden is a knave". As Ethan put it, "If Chloe is a knave then Michael is a knave". In a statement by Michael: "Aiden is a knave". In a statement by Jack: "Oliver is a knight and Chloe is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden Oliver David Chloe Riley Ethan Michael Jack

Aiden is a knave, Oliver is a knight, David is a knight, Chloe is a knave, Riley is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Michael is a knight, and Jack is a knight.

(1) Aiden is a knave
(2) Oliver is a knight
(3) David is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Riley is a knight
(6) Ethan is a knave
(7) Michael is a knight
(8) Jack is a knight

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knave then Michael is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jack is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that If Jack is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that If Jack is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Oliver is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aiden is a knight or Aiden is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver and Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Chloe is a knave then Michael is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that If Chloe is a knave then Michael is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Aiden is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emma, Jackson, Avery, Alexander, Zoey, Aria, Owen, and Luke. Emma commented, "Avery is a knave and Owen is a knave". Jackson stated, "Zoey is not a knave". Avery said, "If Jackson is a knave then Aria is a knight." "Luke is a knight and Zoey is a knave," Alexander claimed. As Zoey put it, "Aria is not a knave". "Aria is a knight and Alexander is a knight," Aria declared. "If Aria is a knight then Luke is a knight," Owen declared. "If Emma is a knave then Aria is a knave," Luke declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma Jackson Avery Alexander Zoey Aria Owen Luke

Emma is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Avery is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Aria is a knave, Owen is a knight, and Luke is a knight.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Jackson is a knave
(3) Avery is a knave
(4) Alexander is a knight
(5) Zoey is a knave
(6) Aria is a knave
(7) Owen is a knight
(8) Luke is a knight

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave and Owen is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Avery is a knave and Owen is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jackson is a knave then Aria is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that If Jackson is a knave then Aria is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is not a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Zoey is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that If Jackson is a knave then Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knave then Aria is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Avery is a knave and Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Aria is a knight then Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Luke is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Luke is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Emma is a knave then Aria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, Alexander, Aria, Zoey, Jackson, and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave and Owen is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knave then Aria is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is not a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Aria is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Aria is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Zoey is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Aria is not a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that If Jackson is a knave then Aria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, Zoey, and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knight then Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lucas, Samuel, Michael, Jack, David, Luke, Mason, and Daniel. Lucas noted, "Daniel is not a knight". Samuel was heard saying, "Daniel is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave". Michael expressed that David is not a knave. "Lucas is a knight or Michael is a knave," Jack claimed. David said that Lucas is a knight. In Luke's words: "Lucas is a knave if and only if Mason is a knight". In Mason's words: "If Luke is a knight then Michael is a knight". Daniel told you that Michael is a knave and David is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas Samuel Michael Jack David Luke Mason Daniel

Lucas is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Michael is a knight, Jack is a knight, David is a knight, Luke is a knave, Mason is a knight, and Daniel is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) Jack is a knight
(5) David is a knight
(6) Luke is a knave
(7) Mason is a knight
(8) Daniel is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Daniel is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and David is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Daniel is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Luke is a knight then Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Michael is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave if and only if Mason is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Mason is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight or Michael is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Chloe, Ethan, Lucas, Alexander, Charlotte, Penelope, Sophia, and Jack. As Chloe put it, "Jack is a knave or Jack is a knight". Ethan remarked, "If Penelope is a knave then Charlotte is a knight". Lucas said that If Ethan is a knight then Penelope is a knave. Alexander said, "Jack is a knave." Charlotte commented, "Penelope is a knight". Penelope stated, "Ethan is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight". As Sophia put it, "Sophia is a knight or Jack is a knave". In Jack's words: "Penelope is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe Ethan Lucas Alexander Charlotte Penelope Sophia Jack

Chloe is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Lucas is a knight, Alexander is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Sophia is a knave, and Jack is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Ethan is a knave
(3) Lucas is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knave
(5) Charlotte is a knave
(6) Penelope is a knave
(7) Sophia is a knave
(8) Jack is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Penelope is not a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Penelope is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that If Penelope is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Penelope is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that If Penelope is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Ethan is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight or Jack is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knight then Penelope is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Scarlett, Zoey, Charlotte, Mason, Emily, James, Sofia, and Abigail. Scarlett asserted: "Emily is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave". Zoey said that James is a knight or Sofia is a knave. Charlotte said that James is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight. Mason asserted: "Zoey is a knave and Mason is a knight". Emily commented, "Zoey is not a knight". James told you that Emily is a knight and James is a knight. Sofia expressed that Mason is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight. In Abigail's words: "Charlotte is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett Zoey Charlotte Mason Emily James Sofia Abigail

Scarlett is a knave, Zoey is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Mason is a knight, Emily is a knight, James is a knave, Sofia is a knight, and Abigail is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) Charlotte is a knight
(4) Mason is a knight
(5) Emily is a knight
(6) James is a knave
(7) Sofia is a knight
(8) Abigail is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Zoey is not a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that James is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight and James is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Emily is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that James is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, James, and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knight and James is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that James is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Emily is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia and James, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Zoey is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey and Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave and Mason is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Riley, Daniel, Benjamin, Liam, Logan, Penelope, Aria, and Emma. "Emma is a knave if and only if Liam is a knave," Riley declared. Daniel expressed that Emma is not a knave. Benjamin remarked, "Emma is a knight". Liam commented, "If Daniel is a knight then Emma is a knave". Logan said, "Daniel is not a knave." Penelope remarked, "Benjamin is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight". "Daniel is a knight or Logan is a knave," Aria declared. According to Emma, "If Penelope is a knave then Benjamin is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley Daniel Benjamin Liam Logan Penelope Aria Emma

Riley is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Liam is a knave, Logan is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Aria is a knight, and Emma is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knight
(4) Liam is a knave
(5) Logan is a knight
(6) Penelope is a knight
(7) Aria is a knight
(8) Emma is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Penelope is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Emma is a knave if and only if Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that If Penelope is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Penelope is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that If Penelope is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that If Penelope is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, Penelope, and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Emma is a knave if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Daniel is a knight then Emma is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight or Logan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Owen, Aiden, Amelia, Sofia, Jacob, Oliver, Lily, and Mason. Owen was heard saying, "Sofia is a knight or Aiden is a knight". In a statement by Aiden: "If Lily is a knave then Sofia is a knight". Amelia asserted: "Mason is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knight". In a statement by Sofia: "Oliver is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knight". Jacob said, "Sofia is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight." "Mason is a knave or Amelia is a knight," Oliver claimed. Lily said that Aiden is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight. Mason asserted: "If Amelia is a knave then Sofia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen Aiden Amelia Sofia Jacob Oliver Lily Mason

Owen is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Lily is a knight, and Mason is a knight.

(1) Owen is a knight
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Amelia is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knight
(5) Jacob is a knave
(6) Oliver is a knight
(7) Lily is a knight
(8) Mason is a knight

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knave then Sofia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knave then Sofia is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mia, Jackson, William, Amelia, Jack, Aria, David, and Elizabeth. In a statement by Mia: "If Elizabeth is a knight then David is a knight". Jackson stated, "Amelia is a knave if and only if William is a knave". According to William, "Aria is a knight or Jackson is a knave". Amelia commented, "David is not a knave". Jack was heard saying, "David is not a knight". "Elizabeth is a knight or Mia is a knave," Aria claimed. David noted, "Aria is not a knave". Elizabeth expressed that Jackson is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia Jackson William Amelia Jack Aria David Elizabeth

Mia is a knight, Jackson is a knight, William is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Jack is a knight, Aria is a knave, David is a knave, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Jackson is a knight
(3) William is a knave
(4) Amelia is a knave
(5) Jack is a knight
(6) Aria is a knave
(7) David is a knave
(8) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knight then David is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Jackson is not a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if William is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is not a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Mia is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Amelia is a knave if and only if William is a knave.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aria is a knight or Jackson is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight or Mia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider David.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that If Elizabeth is a knight then David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is not a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that David is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, Amelia, and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if William is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight or Mia is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Aria is not a knave.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that David is not a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Mia is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Amelia is a knave if and only if William is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight or Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knight.