A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Joseph, Sofia, Liam, William, Mia, Evelyn, Abigail, and Lucas. Joseph noted, "Lucas is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knave". Sofia was heard saying, "If Sofia is a knight then Lucas is a knight". Liam asserted: "Mia is not a knight". As William put it, "If Liam is a knave then Abigail is a knight". Mia told you that William is a knave. Evelyn asserted: "Liam is not a knave". Abigail said, "Mia is a knight and Lucas is a knight." "William is not a knave," Lucas claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph Sofia Liam William Mia Evelyn Abigail Lucas

Joseph is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Liam is a knight, William is a knight, Mia is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, Abigail is a knave, and Lucas is a knight.

(1) Joseph is a knave
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Liam is a knight
(4) William is a knight
(5) Mia is a knave
(6) Evelyn is a knight
(7) Abigail is a knave
(8) Lucas is a knight

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is not a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knave then Abigail is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Mia is not a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Lucas is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail and Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Mia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia and Liam, so let us go back and reconsider William.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that William is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that William is not a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Liam is a knave then Abigail is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that If Liam is a knave then Abigail is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Lucas is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Sofia is a knight then Lucas is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Sofia is a knight then Lucas is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia and Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, Liam, William, and Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Lucas is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knight then Lucas is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mia, Evelyn, Emma, Daniel, Henry, Ethan, Alexander, and Amelia. Mia commented, "Amelia is a knight or Henry is a knave". According to Evelyn, "Emma is a knave". Emma remarked, "Amelia is a knave". Daniel commented, "If Henry is a knave then Ethan is a knave". In Henry's words: "Daniel is not a knave". Ethan stated, "Mia is a knave and Alexander is a knave". Alexander was heard saying, "Evelyn is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight". "Mia is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight" - Amelia. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia Evelyn Emma Daniel Henry Ethan Alexander Amelia

Mia is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Emma is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Henry is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Alexander is a knave, and Amelia is a knight.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Evelyn is a knight
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Daniel is a knight
(5) Henry is a knight
(6) Ethan is a knave
(7) Alexander is a knave
(8) Amelia is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or Henry is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knave then Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knave and Alexander is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave and Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Joseph, Scarlett, Elizabeth, Grace, Jacob, Aiden, Emily, and Mia. Joseph expressed that Elizabeth is a knight or Elizabeth is a knave. Scarlett noted, "Aiden is a knight or Jacob is a knight". Elizabeth was heard saying, "Joseph is a knight". Grace was heard saying, "Elizabeth is a knave". Jacob commented, "Aiden is a knight or Scarlett is a knight". In Aiden's words: "Grace is a knave". Emily asserted: "Joseph is not a knave". "If Jacob is a knight then Jacob is a knave," Mia mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph Scarlett Elizabeth Grace Jacob Aiden Emily Mia

Joseph is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Grace is a knave, Jacob is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Emily is a knight, and Mia is a knave.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Elizabeth is a knight
(4) Grace is a knave
(5) Jacob is a knight
(6) Aiden is a knight
(7) Emily is a knight
(8) Mia is a knave

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Jacob is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Jacob is a knight then Jacob is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jacob is a knight then Jacob is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Joseph, Owen, James, Sebastian, Jack, Matthew, Mia, and Isabella. In a statement by Joseph: "Owen is a knave or Mia is a knave". Owen noted, "Joseph is not a knight". "Owen is not a knave," James mentioned. "If Joseph is a knave then Matthew is a knave," Sebastian mentioned. Jack said that James is a knight. Matthew commented, "James is a knave and Owen is a knave". "Matthew is a knight or Isabella is a knave," Mia claimed. Isabella remarked, "If Jack is a knave then James is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph Owen James Sebastian Jack Matthew Mia Isabella

Joseph is a knight, Owen is a knave, James is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, Jack is a knave, Matthew is a knight, Mia is a knight, and Isabella is a knave.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Owen is a knave
(3) James is a knave
(4) Sebastian is a knight
(5) Jack is a knave
(6) Matthew is a knight
(7) Mia is a knight
(8) Isabella is a knave

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave or Mia is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is not a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is not a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight or Isabella is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave and Owen is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is not a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is not a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then James is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that If Jack is a knave then James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jack is a knave then James is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knave then Matthew is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Joseph, Samuel, Henry, Oliver, Riley, Lily, Alexander, and Michael. Joseph said, "Henry is a knight or Oliver is a knight." Samuel noted, "Michael is not a knave". Henry asserted: "Riley is a knight and Riley is a knave". Oliver asserted: "If Alexander is a knight then Henry is a knave". Riley remarked, "Joseph is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight". In Lily's words: "Oliver is not a knight". Alexander said, "If Joseph is a knight then Oliver is a knave." In Michael's words: "Joseph is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph Samuel Henry Oliver Riley Lily Alexander Michael

Joseph is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Henry is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Riley is a knight, Lily is a knave, Alexander is a knave, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Henry is a knave
(4) Oliver is a knight
(5) Riley is a knight
(6) Lily is a knave
(7) Alexander is a knave
(8) Michael is a knight

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight or Oliver is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knight and Riley is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight and Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Joseph is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is not a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Joseph is a knight then Oliver is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Joseph is a knight then Oliver is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Samuel, Emily, Amelia, Lucas, Ella, Aiden, Riley, and Harper. Samuel said, "Harper is not a knave." Emily commented, "Harper is a knight or Riley is a knave". "Ella is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave," Amelia mentioned. Lucas said, "Ella is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight." According to Ella, "Aiden is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave". "Riley is a knight," Aiden claimed. Riley stated, "Amelia is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave". In Harper's words: "Ella is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel Emily Amelia Lucas Ella Aiden Riley Harper

Samuel is a knave, Emily is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Ella is a knight, Aiden is a knave, Riley is a knave, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Samuel is a knave
(2) Emily is a knight
(3) Amelia is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knave
(5) Ella is a knight
(6) Aiden is a knave
(7) Riley is a knave
(8) Harper is a knave

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is not a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Aiden is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Riley is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Aiden is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, Aiden, and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Harper is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is not a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Harper is not a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Aiden is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Aiden is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight or Riley is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jacob, Owen, David, Lily, Penelope, Sofia, Jackson, and Harper. Jacob said that Harper is a knave or Penelope is a knight. As Owen put it, "David is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knave". David noted, "Penelope is not a knave". "Sofia is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight" - Lily. Penelope was heard saying, "If Harper is a knave then Sofia is a knight". "Harper is a knave," Sofia mentioned. Jackson stated, "Jacob is a knight and Lily is a knave". Harper said that Sofia is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob Owen David Lily Penelope Sofia Jackson Harper

Jacob is a knight, Owen is a knight, David is a knight, Lily is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Jackson is a knave, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Jacob is a knight
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) David is a knight
(4) Lily is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knight
(6) Sofia is a knight
(7) Jackson is a knave
(8) Harper is a knave

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Sofia is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight and Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sofia is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, Jackson, and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Sofia is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knave then Sofia is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mia, Amelia, Isabella, Ethan, Benjamin, Alexander, Harper, and Chloe. Mia commented, "If Alexander is a knight then Benjamin is a knave". Amelia stated, "Mia is a knave and Benjamin is a knave". Isabella asserted: "If Ethan is a knave then Chloe is a knight". Ethan was heard saying, "Ethan is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave". "Ethan is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave," Benjamin declared. "Mia is a knight or Isabella is a knave" - Alexander. As Harper put it, "Isabella is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave". "Isabella is a knave or Ethan is a knave," Chloe mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia Amelia Isabella Ethan Benjamin Alexander Harper Chloe

Mia is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Harper is a knight, and Chloe is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Amelia is a knave
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Benjamin is a knave
(6) Alexander is a knight
(7) Harper is a knight
(8) Chloe is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knave then Chloe is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knave and Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave and Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that If Alexander is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave or Ethan is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave or Ethan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Harper, Grace, Elizabeth, Aiden, Lucas, Sebastian, Ella, and Riley. Harper said, "Riley is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave." "Aiden is a knave or Ella is a knave," Grace claimed. In Elizabeth's words: "Riley is not a knave". "If Harper is a knight then Ella is a knight," Aiden mentioned. Lucas told you that If Sebastian is a knight then Ella is a knight. "If Aiden is a knight then Grace is a knave" - Sebastian. Ella remarked, "Sebastian is a knight or Lucas is a knave". Riley said that Grace is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper Grace Elizabeth Aiden Lucas Sebastian Ella Riley

Harper is a knave, Grace is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Ella is a knight, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Harper is a knave
(2) Grace is a knave
(3) Elizabeth is a knight
(4) Aiden is a knight
(5) Lucas is a knight
(6) Sebastian is a knight
(7) Ella is a knight
(8) Riley is a knight

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave or Ella is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knight then Ella is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Aiden is a knave or Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that If Harper is a knight then Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Harper is a knight then Ella is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that If Harper is a knight then Ella is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight or Lucas is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Riley is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Aiden is a knight then Grace is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, Ella, and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave or Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Lucas is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Aiden is a knave or Ella is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Aiden is a knave or Ella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Grace is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Grace is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, Grace, and Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Aiden is a knight then Grace is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Riley is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Harper is a knight then Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knight then Grace is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Ella is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Benjamin, Avery, Sophia, James, Lily, Aurora, Penelope, and Noah. Benjamin said, "Penelope is a knight." Avery expressed that Noah is a knave and James is a knight. Sophia said, "Benjamin is a knave or Penelope is a knight." James expressed that Noah is a knight. Lily said that Benjamin is a knight or Noah is a knave. "Lily is a knave and Aurora is a knight," Aurora claimed. According to Penelope, "Lily is a knave". Noah told you that Sophia is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin Avery Sophia James Lily Aurora Penelope Noah

Benjamin is a knave, Avery is a knave, Sophia is a knight, James is a knave, Lily is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Penelope is a knave, and Noah is a knave.

(1) Benjamin is a knave
(2) Avery is a knave
(3) Sophia is a knight
(4) James is a knave
(5) Lily is a knight
(6) Aurora is a knave
(7) Penelope is a knave
(8) Noah is a knave

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Benjamin is a knight or Noah is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight or Noah is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Benjamin is a knight or Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is not a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave and James is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Noah is a knave and James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave and James is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Noah is a knave and James is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 6), ('and', ('lying', 7), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('telling-truth', 7), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 7)), ('and', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('lying', 4), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Abigail, Chloe, Olivia, Jacob, Aria, Logan, Ella, and Victoria. Abigail said that If Chloe is a knight then Jacob is a knight. Chloe told you that Jacob is a knight or Ella is a knight. In Olivia's words: "Aria is a knave or Ella is a knave". Jacob said that Abigail is not a knight. Aria said that Chloe is a knave or Aria is a knight. Logan asserted: "Aria is a knight or Chloe is a knave". Ella said, "If Victoria is a knave then Jacob is a knight." According to Victoria, "Aria is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail Chloe Olivia Jacob Aria Logan Ella Victoria

Abigail is a knight, Chloe is a knave, Olivia is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Aria is a knight, Logan is a knight, Ella is a knave, and Victoria is a knave.

(1) Abigail is a knight
(2) Chloe is a knave
(3) Olivia is a knight
(4) Jacob is a knave
(5) Aria is a knight
(6) Logan is a knight
(7) Ella is a knave
(8) Victoria is a knave

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight or Ella is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is not a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that If Chloe is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight or Ella is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Jacob is a knight or Ella is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is not a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Jacob is a knight or Ella is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Victoria is a knave then Jacob is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that If Victoria is a knave then Jacob is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Aria is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave or Ella is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight or Chloe is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Scarlett, Jackson, Grace, Luke, Ella, Abigail, David, and Ethan. Scarlett told you that If Ella is a knight then David is a knave. Jackson expressed that David is a knight and Scarlett is a knave. Grace noted, "Ella is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight". In a statement by Luke: "David is a knight or Ella is a knave". Ella expressed that Jackson is a knave. "Luke is a knight and Grace is a knight," Abigail declared. David was heard saying, "Ethan is a knave and Grace is a knave". "Luke is not a knave," Ethan claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett Jackson Grace Luke Ella Abigail David Ethan

Scarlett is a knight, Jackson is a knave, Grace is a knight, Luke is a knave, Ella is a knight, Abigail is a knave, David is a knave, and Ethan is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knight
(2) Jackson is a knave
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Luke is a knave
(5) Ella is a knight
(6) Abigail is a knave
(7) David is a knave
(8) Ethan is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then David is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that If Ella is a knight then David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave and Grace is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knight or Ella is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Luke is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight or Ella is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight and Grace is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Grace is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Logan, Oliver, Zoey, Olivia, Henry, Samuel, Chloe, and Isabella. Logan stated, "Henry is a knave and Olivia is a knight". According to Oliver, "Olivia is not a knight". Zoey commented, "Logan is a knave or Henry is a knave". "If Logan is a knight then Olivia is a knight," Olivia mentioned. According to Henry, "Oliver is a knight and Olivia is a knight". Samuel noted, "Oliver is a knave". As Chloe put it, "Samuel is a knight". "Chloe is a knave or Zoey is a knave," Isabella declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan Oliver Zoey Olivia Henry Samuel Chloe Isabella

Logan is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Henry is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Chloe is a knight, and Isabella is a knave.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knave
(3) Zoey is a knight
(4) Olivia is a knight
(5) Henry is a knave
(6) Samuel is a knight
(7) Chloe is a knight
(8) Isabella is a knave

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Henry is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight and Olivia is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is not a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Olivia is not a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Henry is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is not a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave or Henry is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave or Zoey is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave or Zoey is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Henry, Olivia, Daniel, Lily, Mia, Matthew, Harper, and Luke. "Olivia is a knave" - Henry. "Lily is not a knave," Olivia declared. Daniel said that Lily is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight. Lily was heard saying, "Olivia is a knight". As Mia put it, "Olivia is a knight and Daniel is a knight". Matthew said that If Harper is a knave then Lily is a knave. "Henry is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight" - Harper. Luke was heard saying, "Lily is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry Olivia Daniel Lily Mia Matthew Harper Luke

Henry is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Lily is a knave, Mia is a knave, Matthew is a knight, Harper is a knave, and Luke is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knave
(4) Lily is a knave
(5) Mia is a knave
(6) Matthew is a knight
(7) Harper is a knave
(8) Luke is a knight

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Olivia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is not a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that Lily is not a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is a knight and Daniel is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Lily is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Lily is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight and Daniel is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knave then Lily is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ava, Abigail, Grace, Zoey, Aurora, Joseph, Samuel, and Avery. "Avery is a knight and Grace is a knight," Ava mentioned. Abigail said that Aurora is a knave or Ava is a knight. As Grace put it, "Abigail is a knight or Samuel is a knight". Zoey told you that Zoey is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight. According to Aurora, "Zoey is not a knave". Joseph asserted: "Avery is a knave or Aurora is a knight". In Samuel's words: "Joseph is a knight or Samuel is a knight". In a statement by Avery: "Samuel is a knave and Ava is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava Abigail Grace Zoey Aurora Joseph Samuel Avery

Ava is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Grace is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Avery is a knave.

(1) Ava is a knave
(2) Abigail is a knave
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knight
(6) Joseph is a knight
(7) Samuel is a knight
(8) Avery is a knave

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight and Grace is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knave and Ava is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Avery is a knight and Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight and Grace is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave and Ava is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Samuel is a knave and Ava is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight or Samuel is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Joseph is a knight or Samuel is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave or Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Avery is a knave or Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is not a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Zoey is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, Aurora, Joseph, and Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave and Ava is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight or Samuel is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave or Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight or Samuel is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knave or Ava is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave or Ava is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('not', ('lying', 3)), ('or', ('lying', 7), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('and', ('lying', 6), ('lying', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, Evelyn, Mason, Henry, Victoria, Benjamin, Jacob, and Amelia. Jack remarked, "Amelia is a knight and Mason is a knight". Evelyn remarked, "If Henry is a knight then Mason is a knight". "Victoria is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knight," Mason declared. Henry expressed that Victoria is a knight. As Victoria put it, "If Jack is a knight then Mason is a knight". In a statement by Benjamin: "Amelia is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight". Jacob was heard saying, "Victoria is a knight". "If Jack is a knave then Evelyn is a knight," Amelia mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack Evelyn Mason Henry Victoria Benjamin Jacob Amelia

Jack is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Mason is a knight, Henry is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Jacob is a knight, and Amelia is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Evelyn is a knight
(3) Mason is a knight
(4) Henry is a knight
(5) Victoria is a knight
(6) Benjamin is a knave
(7) Jacob is a knight
(8) Amelia is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('->', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('lying', 7), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('->', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Benjamin, Amelia, Chloe, Aria, David, Scarlett, Charlotte, and Jackson. Benjamin expressed that If Jackson is a knight then Chloe is a knight. Amelia told you that Benjamin is a knight and Chloe is a knave. Chloe expressed that Charlotte is not a knight. As Aria put it, "David is a knight". David was heard saying, "David is a knight or Scarlett is a knight". Scarlett commented, "Amelia is a knave". In Charlotte's words: "Benjamin is a knave or Aria is a knight". As Jackson put it, "Scarlett is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin Amelia Chloe Aria David Scarlett Charlotte Jackson

Benjamin is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Aria is a knight, David is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, and Jackson is a knight.

(1) Benjamin is a knave
(2) Amelia is a knave
(3) Chloe is a knave
(4) Aria is a knight
(5) David is a knight
(6) Scarlett is a knight
(7) Charlotte is a knight
(8) Jackson is a knight

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave or Aria is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Benjamin is a knave or Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that David is a knight.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that David is a knight or Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, Aria, and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that If Jackson is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Benjamin is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, Scarlett, and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jackson is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that If Jackson is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave or Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or Scarlett is a knight.

(('->', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 6)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('lying', 1), ('or', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 5), ('lying', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aurora, Alexander, Henry, Ethan, Joseph, James, Luke, and Jackson. "Jackson is not a knave," Aurora declared. "Joseph is not a knight," Alexander claimed. "If Jackson is a knight then Aurora is a knight," Henry declared. According to Ethan, "Aurora is a knave or Henry is a knave". Joseph remarked, "Henry is a knight and Aurora is a knave". "Ethan is a knight and Jackson is a knight," James declared. Luke was heard saying, "Ethan is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave". "If Joseph is a knave then James is a knave," Jackson mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora Alexander Henry Ethan Joseph James Luke Jackson

Aurora is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Henry is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Joseph is a knave, James is a knave, Luke is a knave, and Jackson is a knight.

(1) Aurora is a knight
(2) Alexander is a knight
(3) Henry is a knight
(4) Ethan is a knave
(5) Joseph is a knave
(6) James is a knave
(7) Luke is a knave
(8) Jackson is a knight

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knave then James is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that If Joseph is a knave then James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight and Jackson is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knave or Henry is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave or Henry is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aurora, Sophia, Jackson, Isabella, Noah, Chloe, Ella, and Emily. In a statement by Aurora: "Jackson is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight". Sophia commented, "Chloe is a knave". "Noah is a knight and Aurora is a knave" - Jackson. "If Noah is a knave then Sophia is a knave," Isabella mentioned. Noah was heard saying, "Isabella is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave". In a statement by Chloe: "Aurora is a knave and Sophia is a knave". As Ella put it, "Isabella is a knave". Emily said, "Chloe is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora Sophia Jackson Isabella Noah Chloe Ella Emily

Aurora is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Jackson is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Noah is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Ella is a knight, and Emily is a knave.

(1) Aurora is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) Jackson is a knave
(4) Isabella is a knave
(5) Noah is a knave
(6) Chloe is a knave
(7) Ella is a knight
(8) Emily is a knave

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Jackson is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knave and Sophia is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Chloe is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Noah is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Isabella is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Noah is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Isabella that If Noah is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, Isabella, Noah, and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Isabella is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Noah is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Noah is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Daniel, Sebastian, Chloe, Lily, Amelia, Matthew, Joseph, and Ella. Daniel expressed that Ella is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight. Sebastian noted, "Daniel is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight". In Chloe's words: "Chloe is a knight or Amelia is a knave". Lily stated, "If Matthew is a knave then Joseph is a knave". "Chloe is a knight" - Amelia. Matthew noted, "Amelia is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight". "If Amelia is a knave then Ella is a knight," Joseph mentioned. Ella expressed that Joseph is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel Sebastian Chloe Lily Amelia Matthew Joseph Ella

Daniel is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Lily is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Joseph is a knight, and Ella is a knight.

(1) Daniel is a knave
(2) Sebastian is a knave
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) Lily is a knave
(5) Amelia is a knight
(6) Matthew is a knave
(7) Joseph is a knight
(8) Ella is a knight

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knave then Ella is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Ella is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Chloe is a knight or Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Amelia is a knave then Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is not a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Joseph is not a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Amelia is a knave then Ella is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that If Amelia is a knave then Ella is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Ella is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, Joseph, and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or Amelia is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knave then Joseph is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that If Matthew is a knave then Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Daniel is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that Daniel is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Matthew is a knave then Joseph is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that If Matthew is a knave then Joseph is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aria, Oliver, Matthew, Liam, Avery, Owen, Logan, and Mason. Aria was heard saying, "Matthew is a knave and Mason is a knave". According to Oliver, "Mason is a knave or Owen is a knight". Matthew told you that Logan is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight. In Liam's words: "Mason is a knight or Mason is a knave". "Oliver is a knave and Aria is a knight," Avery claimed. Owen noted, "Aria is not a knave". As Logan put it, "Mason is not a knave". In Mason's words: "If Owen is a knave then Liam is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria Oliver Matthew Liam Avery Owen Logan Mason

Aria is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Matthew is a knight, Liam is a knight, Avery is a knave, Owen is a knave, Logan is a knight, and Mason is a knight.

(1) Aria is a knave
(2) Oliver is a knave
(3) Matthew is a knight
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) Avery is a knave
(6) Owen is a knave
(7) Logan is a knight
(8) Mason is a knight

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave and Mason is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Matthew is a knave and Mason is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Matthew is a knave and Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Mason is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that If Owen is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aria is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, Mason, Logan, and Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave and Mason is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is not a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Logan is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knave or Owen is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave or Owen is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sophia, Penelope, Emma, Liam, Luke, Lily, Joseph, and Mia. "Joseph is a knight and Lily is a knight," Sophia mentioned. "Luke is a knave or Mia is a knight," Penelope claimed. As Emma put it, "Penelope is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight". Liam said, "Luke is a knave." Luke said that Lily is a knight or Liam is a knight. Lily said, "Penelope is a knave or Luke is a knight." Joseph said, "If Liam is a knight then Joseph is a knight." "Luke is a knave," Mia claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia Penelope Emma Liam Luke Lily Joseph Mia

Sophia is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Emma is a knave, Liam is a knave, Luke is a knight, Lily is a knight, Joseph is a knight, and Mia is a knave.

(1) Sophia is a knight
(2) Penelope is a knave
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Liam is a knave
(5) Luke is a knight
(6) Lily is a knight
(7) Joseph is a knight
(8) Mia is a knave

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight and Lily is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knight then Joseph is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lily is a knight or Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight or Liam is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Luke is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave or Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Luke is a knave or Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave or Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Luke is a knave or Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('or', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('lying', 4), ('or', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('lying', 4))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Daniel, Sebastian, David, Jacob, Harper, Victoria, Aurora, and Jack. "Sebastian is not a knave," Daniel mentioned. "David is a knight," Sebastian declared. In a statement by David: "Daniel is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight". "David is a knight and Aurora is a knight," Jacob claimed. In a statement by Harper: "Aurora is a knight or Jack is a knave". Victoria was heard saying, "Daniel is a knave or Jacob is a knight". As Aurora put it, "Harper is a knight or David is a knight". Jack remarked, "Jack is a knight and Sebastian is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel Sebastian David Jacob Harper Victoria Aurora Jack

Daniel is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, David is a knave, Jacob is a knave, Harper is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Aurora is a knave, and Jack is a knight.

(1) Daniel is a knave
(2) Sebastian is a knave
(3) David is a knave
(4) Jacob is a knave
(5) Harper is a knave
(6) Victoria is a knight
(7) Aurora is a knave
(8) Jack is a knight

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Daniel is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Harper is a knight or David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider David.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Sebastian is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is not a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Sebastian is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that David is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Daniel is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight or David is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Harper is a knight or David is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight or Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight and Sebastian is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

(('not', ('lying', 1)), ('telling-truth', 2), ('<=>', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 6), ('lying', 7)), ('or', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 7), ('lying', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Samuel, Owen, William, Harper, Lucas, Logan, Jacob, and Sebastian. "William is not a knight," Samuel declared. In Owen's words: "Jacob is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knight". William was heard saying, "Jacob is a knave or Owen is a knave". In a statement by Harper: "Sebastian is a knave". Lucas said, "Jacob is not a knight." "If Harper is a knight then Lucas is a knave," Logan declared. "If Owen is a knave then Samuel is a knight," Jacob declared. In a statement by Sebastian: "Logan is a knight or Owen is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel Owen William Harper Lucas Logan Jacob Sebastian

Samuel is a knave, Owen is a knave, William is a knight, Harper is a knave, Lucas is a knight, Logan is a knight, Jacob is a knave, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Samuel is a knave
(2) Owen is a knave
(3) William is a knight
(4) Harper is a knave
(5) Lucas is a knight
(6) Logan is a knight
(7) Jacob is a knave
(8) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is not a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that William is not a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave or Owen is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Jacob is a knave or Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Jacob is a knave or Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob and William, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave or Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that If Owen is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knight or Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight or Owen is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Scarlett, Logan, William, Aria, Zoey, Victoria, Samuel, and Noah. Scarlett said that If Noah is a knave then Noah is a knight. "Scarlett is a knave or William is a knight" - Logan. William expressed that Aria is a knight and Samuel is a knave. "Scarlett is a knight," Aria mentioned. Zoey expressed that If Victoria is a knave then Scarlett is a knave. Victoria stated, "If Aria is a knight then Samuel is a knight". Samuel was heard saying, "Aria is a knave and Noah is a knave". "Noah is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knight," Noah mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett Logan William Aria Zoey Victoria Samuel Noah

Scarlett is a knave, Logan is a knight, William is a knave, Aria is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Noah is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Logan is a knight
(3) William is a knave
(4) Aria is a knave
(5) Zoey is a knight
(6) Victoria is a knight
(7) Samuel is a knight
(8) Noah is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knave then Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knave then Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knight then Samuel is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knave and Noah is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that If Aria is a knight then Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that If Victoria is a knave then Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Noah is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that If Noah is a knave then Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Noah is a knave then Noah is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that If Noah is a knave then Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave and Noah is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave or William is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight and Samuel is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Matthew, Daniel, Mason, Grace, Luke, Isabella, Sofia, and Sebastian. According to Matthew, "Mason is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight". As Daniel put it, "If Mason is a knight then Matthew is a knight". "Sofia is a knave and Isabella is a knight," Mason mentioned. Grace was heard saying, "Matthew is a knight and Sebastian is a knave". Luke remarked, "Mason is not a knight". Isabella said, "Isabella is a knight or Matthew is a knave." "Matthew is a knave and Luke is a knave" - Sofia. In Sebastian's words: "Luke is a knight and Grace is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew Daniel Mason Grace Luke Isabella Sofia Sebastian

Matthew is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Mason is a knave, Grace is a knight, Luke is a knight, Isabella is a knave, Sofia is a knave, and Sebastian is a knave.

(1) Matthew is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Luke is a knight
(6) Isabella is a knave
(7) Sofia is a knave
(8) Sebastian is a knave

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave and Isabella is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Sofia is a knave and Isabella is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight or Matthew is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Mason is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Sofia is a knave and Isabella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, Luke, and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave and Isabella is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Sofia is a knave and Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight or Matthew is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Mason is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight and Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mason is a knight then Matthew is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Abigail, Daniel, James, Owen, Samuel, Logan, Victoria, and William. Abigail noted, "Owen is a knight". Daniel was heard saying, "James is a knight or Abigail is a knave". In a statement by James: "If Abigail is a knight then James is a knight". Owen expressed that William is not a knave. Samuel expressed that Logan is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight. Logan expressed that Abigail is a knave. Victoria said that James is not a knave. William told you that Abigail is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail Daniel James Owen Samuel Logan Victoria William

Abigail is a knight, Daniel is a knave, James is a knave, Owen is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Logan is a knave, Victoria is a knave, and William is a knight.

(1) Abigail is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knave
(3) James is a knave
(4) Owen is a knight
(5) Samuel is a knave
(6) Logan is a knave
(7) Victoria is a knave
(8) William is a knight

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is not a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Abigail is a knave if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight or Abigail is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that James is a knight or Abigail is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Abigail is a knight then James is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is not a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Logan is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Logan is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: David, Aurora, Ethan, Avery, Emily, Penelope, James, and Henry. David told you that Emily is a knight or James is a knave. "Penelope is not a knight," Aurora claimed. As Ethan put it, "Aurora is a knight or Henry is a knight". Avery noted, "Ethan is a knave". Emily stated, "James is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave". Penelope noted, "Ethan is a knight if and only if James is a knight". James said that Henry is not a knave. "James is a knave or Ethan is a knight" - Henry. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David Aurora Ethan Avery Emily Penelope James Henry

David is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Ethan is a knight, Avery is a knave, Emily is a knight, Penelope is a knight, James is a knight, and Henry is a knight.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Aurora is a knave
(3) Ethan is a knight
(4) Avery is a knave
(5) Emily is a knight
(6) Penelope is a knight
(7) James is a knight
(8) Henry is a knight

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight or James is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight or Henry is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Penelope is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that James is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if James is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Grace, Harper, Abigail, Scarlett, Jack, Mia, Benjamin, and Matthew. Grace expressed that Harper is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave. Harper stated, "Scarlett is not a knight". Abigail expressed that Abigail is a knight. Scarlett asserted: "Harper is a knight and Abigail is a knight". In a statement by Jack: "Scarlett is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight". "Abigail is a knight or Grace is a knave" - Mia. Benjamin said that Abigail is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight. Matthew said, "Jack is not a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace Harper Abigail Scarlett Jack Mia Benjamin Matthew

Grace is a knave, Harper is a knight, Abigail is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Jack is a knight, Mia is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, and Matthew is a knave.

(1) Grace is a knave
(2) Harper is a knight
(3) Abigail is a knave
(4) Scarlett is a knave
(5) Jack is a knight
(6) Mia is a knight
(7) Benjamin is a knight
(8) Matthew is a knave

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is not a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Scarlett is not a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Harper is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight or Grace is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is not a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is not a knight.