A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aria, Alexander, Riley, Logan, Matthew, Victoria, William, and Emily. "Riley is not a knight," Aria declared. "Victoria is not a knight," Alexander mentioned. Riley asserted: "Alexander is a knight or William is a knave". Logan commented, "Victoria is a knave and Matthew is a knight". "Alexander is a knave," Matthew declared. Victoria was heard saying, "Riley is a knight and Aria is a knave". William said, "Riley is a knight and Logan is a knight." Emily commented, "Logan is a knave and Alexander is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria Alexander Riley Logan Matthew Victoria William Emily

Aria is a knave, Alexander is a knave, Riley is a knight, Logan is a knave, Matthew is a knight, Victoria is a knight, William is a knave, and Emily is a knave.

(1) Aria is a knave
(2) Alexander is a knave
(3) Riley is a knight
(4) Logan is a knave
(5) Matthew is a knight
(6) Victoria is a knight
(7) William is a knave
(8) Emily is a knave

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight or William is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Alexander is a knight or William is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knight and Aria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Victoria is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, Alexander, and Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or William is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Victoria is not a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Riley is a knight and Aria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight and Aria is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Alexander is a knight or William is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knave and Matthew is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave and Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knave and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave and Alexander is a knight.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 5)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 6)), ('and', ('lying', 5), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('lying', 1), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 0)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sebastian, Olivia, Ella, James, Joseph, David, Ethan, and Logan. Sebastian noted, "James is a knight". Olivia asserted: "David is not a knave". Ella was heard saying, "Olivia is a knight". James commented, "If Ethan is a knave then David is a knave". "Logan is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave," Joseph claimed. As David put it, "James is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave". Ethan was heard saying, "Olivia is not a knave". In a statement by Logan: "Logan is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian Olivia Ella James Joseph David Ethan Logan

Sebastian is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Ella is a knight, James is a knight, Joseph is a knave, David is a knight, Ethan is a knight, and Logan is a knight.

(1) Sebastian is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) James is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knave
(6) David is a knight
(7) Ethan is a knight
(8) Logan is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knave then David is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is not a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that James is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Chloe, Emily, Samuel, Sofia, Oliver, Sebastian, Sophia, and Ethan. Chloe asserted: "Sofia is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight". "Sophia is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight," Emily declared. Samuel expressed that Oliver is a knave. In a statement by Sofia: "Emily is a knight". Oliver told you that Chloe is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave. "If Oliver is a knight then Chloe is a knight" - Sebastian. "Ethan is a knight and Oliver is a knave," Sophia claimed. "Sofia is a knave or Sebastian is a knight," Ethan claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe Emily Samuel Sofia Oliver Sebastian Sophia Ethan

Chloe is a knave, Emily is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, Sophia is a knight, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knave
(2) Emily is a knave
(3) Samuel is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knave
(5) Oliver is a knave
(6) Sebastian is a knight
(7) Sophia is a knight
(8) Ethan is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight and Oliver is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave or Sebastian is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Sophia is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Oliver is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Ethan is a knight and Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight and Oliver is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Oliver is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Ethan is a knight and Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Sophia is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave or Sebastian is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Sofia is a knave or Sebastian is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, Ethan, and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Ethan is a knight and Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Chloe is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Sophia is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Sophia is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sofia is a knave or Sebastian is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, Sophia, Emily, and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Sofia is a knave or Sebastian is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that If Oliver is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sebastian, Victoria, Benjamin, Lucas, David, Scarlett, Olivia, and Elizabeth. Sebastian told you that If Elizabeth is a knight then David is a knight. "Benjamin is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave" - Victoria. Benjamin was heard saying, "David is a knave or Lucas is a knave". Lucas expressed that David is a knight and Scarlett is a knave. David asserted: "Victoria is a knave". As Scarlett put it, "Benjamin is a knave". Olivia was heard saying, "Scarlett is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knave". "Elizabeth is a knight and David is a knave," Elizabeth mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian Victoria Benjamin Lucas David Scarlett Olivia Elizabeth

Sebastian is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Lucas is a knave, David is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Olivia is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Sebastian is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knave
(5) David is a knave
(6) Scarlett is a knave
(7) Olivia is a knight
(8) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knight then David is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight and David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Elizabeth is a knight and David is a knave.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that If Elizabeth is a knight then David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight and David is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Owen, Evelyn, Aurora, Lucas, Abigail, Elizabeth, Lily, and Sebastian. Owen commented, "Lily is a knight or Lucas is a knight". "Lily is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight" - Evelyn. Aurora said that Owen is a knight or Lucas is a knave. Lucas said, "Evelyn is not a knave." According to Abigail, "Lucas is a knave". Elizabeth said that Aurora is a knight or Evelyn is a knave. Lily noted, "Lucas is not a knight". Sebastian remarked, "Abigail is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen Evelyn Aurora Lucas Abigail Elizabeth Lily Sebastian

Owen is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Aurora is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Lily is a knight, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Owen is a knight
(2) Evelyn is a knave
(3) Aurora is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knave
(5) Abigail is a knight
(6) Elizabeth is a knight
(7) Lily is a knight
(8) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Lucas is not a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is not a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Evelyn is not a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight or Lucas is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight or Evelyn is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Abigail, Isabella, Lily, Joseph, Matthew, Evelyn, Logan, and Ella. Abigail told you that Ella is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight. "Lily is not a knave" - Isabella. Lily commented, "Isabella is a knave or Evelyn is a knight". In a statement by Joseph: "Abigail is a knave". Matthew asserted: "Joseph is not a knave". "Evelyn is a knight" - Evelyn. Logan remarked, "If Evelyn is a knight then Evelyn is a knave". "Abigail is not a knave," Ella claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail Isabella Lily Joseph Matthew Evelyn Logan Ella

Abigail is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Lily is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Logan is a knave, and Ella is a knave.

(1) Abigail is a knave
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Lily is a knight
(4) Joseph is a knight
(5) Matthew is a knight
(6) Evelyn is a knight
(7) Logan is a knave
(8) Ella is a knave

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Joseph is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Ella is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Abigail is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is not a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is not a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Evelyn is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Evelyn is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emily, Matthew, Ella, Logan, Jackson, Liam, Chloe, and Sebastian. In a statement by Emily: "Matthew is a knight". As Matthew put it, "Liam is a knight". Ella was heard saying, "Jackson is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knave". As Logan put it, "Ella is a knave and Matthew is a knight". As Jackson put it, "If Logan is a knave then Liam is a knave". Liam was heard saying, "Sebastian is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight". "Jackson is a knight" - Chloe. Sebastian remarked, "Emily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily Matthew Ella Logan Jackson Liam Chloe Sebastian

Emily is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Ella is a knight, Logan is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Liam is a knight, Chloe is a knave, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Matthew is a knight
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) Logan is a knave
(5) Jackson is a knave
(6) Liam is a knight
(7) Chloe is a knave
(8) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Logan is a knave then Liam is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that If Logan is a knave then Liam is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave and Matthew is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Lucas, Charlotte, Lily, James, Liam, Henry, and Alexander. Elizabeth said, "Charlotte is a knight." Lucas said, "James is a knight." Charlotte was heard saying, "Lucas is a knave". Lily stated, "Elizabeth is a knight or Liam is a knight". According to James, "Alexander is a knight or Lily is a knight". Liam said, "Charlotte is a knight and Alexander is a knave." Henry commented, "James is a knight and Lucas is a knight". Alexander said, "Lucas is not a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth Lucas Charlotte Lily James Liam Henry Alexander

Elizabeth is a knave, Lucas is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Lily is a knave, James is a knight, Liam is a knave, Henry is a knight, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Elizabeth is a knave
(2) Lucas is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Lily is a knave
(5) James is a knight
(6) Liam is a knave
(7) Henry is a knight
(8) Alexander is a knight

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that James is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight or Lily is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Alexander is a knight or Lily is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is not a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Alexander is a knight or Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight or Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, Alexander, James, and Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Lily is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Elizabeth is a knight or Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that Elizabeth is a knight or Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 1), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 7)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('not', ('lying', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Penelope, Chloe, Mia, Amelia, Jackson, Aria, Jacob, and Michael. "Jackson is a knight and Jackson is a knave" - Penelope. According to Chloe, "Amelia is a knave and Mia is a knight". Mia expressed that Jackson is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knave. "Chloe is a knight," Amelia claimed. Jackson remarked, "Aria is a knight or Jackson is a knight". "Penelope is a knight or Chloe is a knight," Aria claimed. In Jacob's words: "If Chloe is a knight then Amelia is a knave". "Penelope is a knave or Mia is a knight," Michael mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope Chloe Mia Amelia Jackson Aria Jacob Michael

Penelope is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Mia is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Aria is a knave, Jacob is a knight, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Penelope is a knave
(2) Chloe is a knave
(3) Mia is a knave
(4) Amelia is a knave
(5) Jackson is a knave
(6) Aria is a knave
(7) Jacob is a knight
(8) Michael is a knight

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knight and Jackson is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight and Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight or Jackson is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave and Mia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Amelia is a knave and Mia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Penelope is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that Penelope is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and Mia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Amelia is a knave and Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jackson is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, Amelia, Chloe, and Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight or Jackson is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Aria is a knight or Jackson is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knight then Amelia is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave or Mia is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 4)), ('and', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 1)), ('telling-truth', 1), ('or', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 3)), ('or', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Benjamin, Oliver, Matthew, Mia, Riley, Aiden, Ella, and Owen. "Mia is a knight or Oliver is a knight," Benjamin claimed. "Mia is a knight," Oliver mentioned. As Matthew put it, "If Ella is a knight then Riley is a knave". Mia said that If Owen is a knight then Matthew is a knight. According to Riley, "Ella is a knave and Ella is a knight". Aiden remarked, "Owen is a knight or Matthew is a knight". Ella said that Oliver is a knight and Riley is a knave. Owen noted, "Benjamin is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin Oliver Matthew Mia Riley Aiden Ella Owen

Benjamin is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Mia is a knight, Riley is a knave, Aiden is a knight, Ella is a knight, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knight
(3) Matthew is a knight
(4) Mia is a knight
(5) Riley is a knave
(6) Aiden is a knight
(7) Ella is a knight
(8) Owen is a knave

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Oliver is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knight then Matthew is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then Riley is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight and Riley is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that If Ella is a knight then Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave and Ella is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight or Matthew is a knight.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('->', ('telling-truth', 6), ('lying', 4)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('lying', 6), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 4)), ('<=>', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ava, Luke, Emma, Lucas, David, Abigail, Evelyn, and Elizabeth. "Emma is a knave" - Ava. Luke told you that Abigail is not a knave. "Evelyn is a knight and Lucas is a knight," Emma claimed. Lucas remarked, "Evelyn is not a knight". David said, "Lucas is a knight or Emma is a knight." Abigail expressed that Elizabeth is a knight. Evelyn told you that David is a knight or Abigail is a knight. Elizabeth noted, "Abigail is a knight and Evelyn is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava Luke Emma Lucas David Abigail Evelyn Elizabeth

Ava is a knight, Luke is a knight, Emma is a knave, Lucas is a knave, David is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knight.

(1) Ava is a knight
(2) Luke is a knight
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Lucas is a knave
(5) David is a knave
(6) Abigail is a knight
(7) Evelyn is a knight
(8) Elizabeth is a knight

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or Abigail is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight or Emma is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Evelyn is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Lucas is a knight or Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight or Emma is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is not a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight and Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knave.

(('lying', 2), ('not', ('lying', 5)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 6)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('telling-truth', 7), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 6)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Grace, Victoria, Liam, Olivia, James, Lucas, Scarlett, and Joseph. Grace stated, "Liam is a knave". Victoria stated, "Olivia is a knight". In a statement by Liam: "Joseph is a knight or Grace is a knave". Olivia stated, "James is a knave or Victoria is a knight". James said, "Lucas is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave." In a statement by Lucas: "Lucas is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave". Scarlett asserted: "If Lucas is a knight then James is a knave". Joseph asserted: "Liam is a knight if and only if James is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace Victoria Liam Olivia James Lucas Scarlett Joseph

Grace is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Liam is a knave, Olivia is a knight, James is a knave, Lucas is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) Grace is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Liam is a knave
(4) Olivia is a knight
(5) James is a knave
(6) Lucas is a knave
(7) Scarlett is a knight
(8) Joseph is a knave

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight or Grace is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Joseph is a knight or Grace is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Liam is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Lucas is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or Victoria is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knight then James is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lucas, Benjamin, Amelia, Jacob, Jack, Penelope, Daniel, and Emily. Lucas said that If Lucas is a knight then Jack is a knight. Benjamin commented, "Penelope is a knave". Amelia asserted: "Jack is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight". Jacob told you that Lucas is not a knave. "If Daniel is a knave then Benjamin is a knave," Jack mentioned. Penelope said that Lucas is a knight or Penelope is a knight. Daniel said, "Amelia is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight." Emily noted, "Daniel is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas Benjamin Amelia Jacob Jack Penelope Daniel Emily

Lucas is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Jacob is a knight, Jack is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Daniel is a knave, and Emily is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Amelia is a knave
(4) Jacob is a knight
(5) Jack is a knight
(6) Penelope is a knight
(7) Daniel is a knave
(8) Emily is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knight then Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Amelia is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that If Daniel is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Harper, Mason, Emily, Scarlett, William, Samuel, Alexander, and Olivia. Harper told you that William is a knight or Emily is a knave. Mason remarked, "If Olivia is a knight then Scarlett is a knave". As Emily put it, "Olivia is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave". As Scarlett put it, "Emily is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave". William said, "Alexander is not a knave." As Samuel put it, "William is not a knight". Alexander commented, "Olivia is a knave". Olivia said that Alexander is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper Mason Emily Scarlett William Samuel Alexander Olivia

Harper is a knight, Mason is a knight, Emily is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, William is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Alexander is a knight, and Olivia is a knave.

(1) Harper is a knight
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) Scarlett is a knave
(5) William is a knight
(6) Samuel is a knave
(7) Alexander is a knight
(8) Olivia is a knave

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight or Emily is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Olivia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is not a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knight then Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Harper, Sebastian, Luke, Lily, Scarlett, Oliver, Grace, and Liam. In a statement by Harper: "Luke is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight". Sebastian expressed that Liam is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knight. Luke commented, "Harper is not a knave". Lily told you that If Grace is a knave then Grace is a knight. "Grace is a knight and Harper is a knave" - Scarlett. According to Oliver, "Lily is a knight and Harper is a knight". Grace said that Liam is a knight or Sebastian is a knight. As Liam put it, "Scarlett is a knight or Harper is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper Sebastian Luke Lily Scarlett Oliver Grace Liam

Harper is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Luke is a knight, Lily is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Grace is a knave, and Liam is a knave.

(1) Harper is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knave
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Lily is a knave
(5) Scarlett is a knave
(6) Oliver is a knave
(7) Grace is a knave
(8) Liam is a knave

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is not a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Luke is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Grace is a knave then Grace is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that If Grace is a knave then Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight or Sebastian is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Liam is a knight or Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight or Harper is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knight and Harper is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight and Harper is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Liam is a knight or Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that Liam is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight and Harper is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ella, Evelyn, Grace, Matthew, Aiden, Amelia, Aurora, and Emily. Ella said that If Aurora is a knave then Matthew is a knight. Evelyn remarked, "Ella is not a knight". According to Grace, "Grace is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave". Matthew noted, "Emily is a knight". "Aurora is a knight or Amelia is a knave," Aiden declared. As Amelia put it, "Matthew is a knave and Emily is a knave". Aurora noted, "Emily is a knight". Emily expressed that Grace is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella Evelyn Grace Matthew Aiden Amelia Aurora Emily

Ella is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, Grace is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Aiden is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Aurora is a knave, and Emily is a knave.

(1) Ella is a knave
(2) Evelyn is a knight
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knave
(5) Aiden is a knave
(6) Amelia is a knight
(7) Aurora is a knave
(8) Emily is a knave

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knave then Matthew is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Grace is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, Emily, and Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aurora is a knave then Matthew is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that If Aurora is a knave then Matthew is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave and Emily is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that If Aurora is a knave then Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knight or Amelia is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight or Amelia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emily, Aurora, Samuel, Sophia, Jack, Ethan, Liam, and Riley. "If Sophia is a knight then Aurora is a knave," Emily declared. Aurora expressed that Jack is not a knight. As Samuel put it, "Ethan is a knight and Jack is a knave". Sophia stated, "If Sophia is a knight then Emily is a knave". "Aurora is a knave or Ethan is a knave," Jack claimed. Ethan said that If Riley is a knave then Samuel is a knight. Liam was heard saying, "Sophia is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave". As Riley put it, "Ethan is a knight or Samuel is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily Aurora Samuel Sophia Jack Ethan Liam Riley

Emily is a knave, Aurora is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Jack is a knave, Ethan is a knight, Liam is a knave, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knave
(2) Aurora is a knight
(3) Samuel is a knight
(4) Sophia is a knight
(5) Jack is a knave
(6) Ethan is a knight
(7) Liam is a knave
(8) Riley is a knight

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Aurora is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Sophia is a knight then Emily is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Sophia is a knight then Emily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sophia is a knight then Aurora is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Emily is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Jack is not a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave or Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight or Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Benjamin, Lily, Emma, Victoria, Emily, Lucas, Daniel, and Alexander. "Victoria is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight," Benjamin mentioned. Lily noted, "Lucas is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight". According to Emma, "Emily is a knave and Lucas is a knight". Victoria told you that Emily is a knave. "Lucas is a knight" - Emily. Lucas asserted: "Lily is a knight and Emma is a knight". Daniel said, "Lily is a knight." Alexander commented, "Lily is a knave or Benjamin is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin Lily Emma Victoria Emily Lucas Daniel Alexander

Benjamin is a knight, Lily is a knight, Emma is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Emily is a knave, Lucas is a knave, Daniel is a knight, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Lily is a knight
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knight
(5) Emily is a knave
(6) Lucas is a knave
(7) Daniel is a knight
(8) Alexander is a knight

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Lucas is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave and Lucas is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave or Benjamin is a knight.

(('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 5), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('telling-truth', 1), ('or', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sebastian, Aria, Harper, Avery, Lucas, Daniel, James, and Logan. Sebastian was heard saying, "Lucas is a knave and Lucas is a knight". Aria was heard saying, "James is a knave if and only if Aria is a knight". "Daniel is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight" - Harper. Avery said that Daniel is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave. Lucas asserted: "Avery is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave". Daniel noted, "Sebastian is a knight and Daniel is a knight". As James put it, "If Harper is a knight then Aria is a knight". Logan commented, "Lucas is a knight and James is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian Aria Harper Avery Lucas Daniel James Logan

Sebastian is a knave, Aria is a knave, Harper is a knight, Avery is a knave, Lucas is a knave, Daniel is a knave, James is a knave, and Logan is a knave.

(1) Sebastian is a knave
(2) Aria is a knave
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Avery is a knave
(5) Lucas is a knave
(6) Daniel is a knave
(7) James is a knave
(8) Logan is a knave

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave and Lucas is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave and Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knight and Daniel is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Daniel is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Daniel is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight and Daniel is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave if and only if Aria is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that James is a knave if and only if Aria is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Harper is a knight then Aria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Avery is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, Daniel, and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Avery is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave if and only if Aria is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that James is a knave if and only if Aria is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Harper is a knight then Aria is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knight and James is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight and James is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: David, Alexander, Benjamin, Mason, Sofia, Emily, Elizabeth, and Harper. David was heard saying, "Benjamin is not a knave". Alexander said that Alexander is a knight or David is a knave. "Mason is not a knave," Benjamin claimed. Mason commented, "Harper is a knave". Sofia remarked, "Elizabeth is a knight and Alexander is a knave". Emily said that Mason is a knight and David is a knave. "Alexander is not a knave," Elizabeth declared. "Sofia is a knave or Benjamin is a knave" - Harper. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David Alexander Benjamin Mason Sofia Emily Elizabeth Harper

David is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Mason is a knave, Sofia is a knave, Emily is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, and Harper is a knight.

(1) David is a knave
(2) Alexander is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knave
(4) Mason is a knave
(5) Sofia is a knave
(6) Emily is a knave
(7) Elizabeth is a knight
(8) Harper is a knight

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave or Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Elizabeth is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Alexander is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Elizabeth is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Sofia is a knave or Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia and Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Mason is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Benjamin is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave or Benjamin is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Alexander is a knight or David is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or David is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight and David is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and David is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Charlotte, Ava, Henry, Matthew, Mia, Riley, Emma, and Luke. Charlotte expressed that If Luke is a knight then Mia is a knave. Ava expressed that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave. As Henry put it, "Luke is not a knave". "Henry is a knight and Luke is a knave," Matthew claimed. Mia said, "Emma is not a knave." Riley told you that Matthew is not a knight. According to Emma, "Matthew is a knave". "Riley is a knave or Emma is a knight," Luke mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte Ava Henry Matthew Mia Riley Emma Luke

Charlotte is a knave, Ava is a knight, Henry is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Mia is a knight, Riley is a knight, Emma is a knight, and Luke is a knight.

(1) Charlotte is a knave
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) Henry is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knave
(5) Mia is a knight
(6) Riley is a knight
(7) Emma is a knight
(8) Luke is a knight

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Mia is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave or Emma is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that If Luke is a knight then Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emma is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Matthew is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Luke is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry and Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is not a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Matthew is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew and Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave or Emma is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Matthew is not a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Riley is a knave or Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, Henry, and Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Riley is a knave or Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley and Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Luke is a knight then Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Lily, Owen, Lucas, Jack, David, Mason, and Isabella. Elizabeth commented, "David is a knave or Lily is a knave". In a statement by Lily: "If Owen is a knight then David is a knave". Owen said that David is a knave and Jack is a knave. Lucas remarked, "Lily is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave". "Mason is not a knave," Jack mentioned. David asserted: "Owen is a knave". Mason remarked, "If Isabella is a knight then Isabella is a knave". As Isabella put it, "Lily is a knight and Lily is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth Lily Owen Lucas Jack David Mason Isabella

Elizabeth is a knave, Lily is a knight, Owen is a knave, Lucas is a knight, Jack is a knight, David is a knight, Mason is a knight, and Isabella is a knave.

(1) Elizabeth is a knave
(2) Lily is a knight
(3) Owen is a knave
(4) Lucas is a knight
(5) Jack is a knight
(6) David is a knight
(7) Mason is a knight
(8) Isabella is a knave

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or Lily is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knight then Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that If Isabella is a knight then Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight and Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that David is a knave or Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Owen is a knight then David is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Mason is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Isabella is a knight then Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knight and Lily is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that If Isabella is a knight then Isabella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, Mason, Jack, and Owen, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that David is a knave and Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, Mason, and Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and David, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave or Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knight then David is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Michael, Sophia, William, Avery, Penelope, Logan, Jack, and Daniel. Michael commented, "William is a knave or Avery is a knight". Sophia remarked, "If Jack is a knight then William is a knight". William said, "Logan is a knave and Avery is a knave." Avery commented, "Michael is a knight". As Penelope put it, "Sophia is a knave and Logan is a knight". Logan commented, "William is a knave or Sophia is a knave". "Michael is a knave or Penelope is a knave" - Jack. Daniel noted, "Logan is a knight and Michael is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael Sophia William Avery Penelope Logan Jack Daniel

Michael is a knave, Sophia is a knight, William is a knight, Avery is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Logan is a knave, Jack is a knight, and Daniel is a knave.

(1) Michael is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) William is a knight
(4) Avery is a knave
(5) Penelope is a knave
(6) Logan is a knave
(7) Jack is a knight
(8) Daniel is a knave

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave or Avery is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Logan is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave or Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knight then William is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Logan is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that William is a knave or Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave or Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Michael is a knave or Penelope is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope and Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Jack is a knight then William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave or Sophia is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that If Jack is a knight then William is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jack is a knight then William is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Michael is a knave or Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sophia is a knave and Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that If Jack is a knight then William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that William is a knave or Sophia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan and William, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave or Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that William is a knave or Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight and Michael is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mia, Samuel, Elizabeth, Jackson, Lily, Scarlett, Victoria, and Sophia. Mia stated, "Elizabeth is a knave". Samuel noted, "Sophia is a knight". Elizabeth told you that Victoria is not a knave. In a statement by Jackson: "Lily is a knight or Mia is a knave". Lily expressed that Elizabeth is a knave or Jackson is a knave. Scarlett asserted: "Jackson is not a knight". "Scarlett is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight," Victoria mentioned. Sophia asserted: "Jackson is a knave or Scarlett is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia Samuel Elizabeth Jackson Lily Scarlett Victoria Sophia

Mia is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Lily is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Victoria is a knave, and Sophia is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) Elizabeth is a knave
(4) Jackson is a knight
(5) Lily is a knight
(6) Scarlett is a knave
(7) Victoria is a knave
(8) Sophia is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Jackson is not a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight or Mia is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Lily is a knight or Mia is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knave or Jackson is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight or Mia is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave or Jackson is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ava, Amelia, Isabella, Lily, Ella, Owen, Logan, and Olivia. Ava told you that Amelia is a knave and Owen is a knight. Amelia commented, "Ella is a knave or Logan is a knave". As Isabella put it, "Olivia is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight". In a statement by Lily: "If Ava is a knave then Olivia is a knave". Ella said that Logan is a knave or Amelia is a knave. Owen asserted: "Ella is a knave and Ava is a knave". Logan remarked, "Amelia is a knight or Isabella is a knave". "Logan is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight" - Olivia. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava Amelia Isabella Lily Ella Owen Logan Olivia

Ava is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Lily is a knight, Ella is a knave, Owen is a knight, Logan is a knight, and Olivia is a knave.

(1) Ava is a knave
(2) Amelia is a knight
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) Lily is a knight
(5) Ella is a knave
(6) Owen is a knight
(7) Logan is a knight
(8) Olivia is a knave

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Amelia is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave or Logan is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave or Amelia is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Amelia is a knight or Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is a knave and Ava is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Amelia is a knave and Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Ella is a knave or Logan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Ella is a knave or Logan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave or Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Ella is a knave or Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Amelia is a knight or Isabella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave or Amelia is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave and Ava is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ava is a knave then Olivia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jacob, Sebastian, Matthew, Zoey, Jackson, Olivia, Alexander, and David. Jacob asserted: "If Olivia is a knight then David is a knave". Sebastian noted, "Matthew is a knight". Matthew was heard saying, "Alexander is a knave". Zoey asserted: "Jackson is a knave or Matthew is a knave". Jackson told you that If Jacob is a knave then Jackson is a knight. Olivia was heard saying, "If Olivia is a knight then Sebastian is a knave". "Zoey is a knave if and only if David is a knight," Alexander claimed. David said that If Zoey is a knight then Sebastian is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob Sebastian Matthew Zoey Jackson Olivia Alexander David

Jacob is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Matthew is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Alexander is a knight, and David is a knave.

(1) Jacob is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knave
(3) Matthew is a knave
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Jackson is a knight
(6) Olivia is a knight
(7) Alexander is a knight
(8) David is a knave

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knight then David is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that If Olivia is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if David is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave or Matthew is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jacob is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that If Olivia is a knight then David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Zoey is a knight then Sebastian is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, Daniel, Grace, Oliver, Mason, Charlotte, Jacob, and Avery. Jack noted, "Jacob is not a knave". "Charlotte is a knight and Jack is a knave," Daniel declared. As Grace put it, "If Oliver is a knave then Daniel is a knave". "Jacob is a knight and Jacob is a knave," Oliver declared. "If Jacob is a knave then Oliver is a knight," Mason declared. Charlotte remarked, "Avery is a knave or Avery is a knight". In a statement by Jacob: "Oliver is not a knave". In Avery's words: "Daniel is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack Daniel Grace Oliver Mason Charlotte Jacob Avery

Jack is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Grace is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Mason is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Jacob is a knave, and Avery is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Grace is a knave
(4) Oliver is a knave
(5) Mason is a knave
(6) Charlotte is a knight
(7) Jacob is a knave
(8) Avery is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is not a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knight and Jacob is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Oliver is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Jacob is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is not a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Jacob is not a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight and Jacob is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave or Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Oliver is a knave then Daniel is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Oliver is a knave then Daniel is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Jacob is a knave then Oliver is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jacob is a knave then Oliver is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Owen, Riley, Emma, Sebastian, Joseph, Amelia, Aurora, and Benjamin. Owen expressed that If Amelia is a knave then Riley is a knave. "If Joseph is a knight then Aurora is a knight" - Riley. "Amelia is not a knave" - Emma. Sebastian said that Joseph is a knight or Owen is a knight. "If Aurora is a knight then Amelia is a knave," Joseph declared. Amelia said that Riley is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave. Aurora commented, "Emma is a knave". Benjamin told you that Riley is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen Riley Emma Sebastian Joseph Amelia Aurora Benjamin

Owen is a knave, Riley is a knight, Emma is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Aurora is a knight, and Benjamin is a knight.

(1) Owen is a knave
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Sebastian is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knight
(6) Amelia is a knave
(7) Aurora is a knight
(8) Benjamin is a knight

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knave then Riley is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that If Amelia is a knave then Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Joseph is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knight then Amelia is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that If Joseph is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is not a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma and Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that If Joseph is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, Riley, and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Amelia is a knave then Riley is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that If Amelia is a knave then Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight or Owen is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sofia, Daniel, Elizabeth, Noah, Jackson, Michael, Owen, and Riley. Sofia expressed that Noah is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave. Daniel stated, "Daniel is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight". According to Elizabeth, "Noah is a knave and Daniel is a knight". Noah was heard saying, "Riley is a knave or Jackson is a knave". Jackson asserted: "Owen is not a knight". According to Michael, "Daniel is not a knave". "Jackson is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight" - Owen. "Noah is a knight or Jackson is a knight," Riley declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia Daniel Elizabeth Noah Jackson Michael Owen Riley

Sofia is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, Noah is a knight, Jackson is a knave, Michael is a knight, Owen is a knight, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Sofia is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Elizabeth is a knave
(4) Noah is a knight
(5) Jackson is a knave
(6) Michael is a knight
(7) Owen is a knight
(8) Riley is a knight

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave or Jackson is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight or Jackson is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Riley is a knave or Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is not a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Noah is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave and Daniel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Michael, Aria, Samuel, Liam, Ella, Daniel, Aiden, and Ethan. Michael expressed that If Daniel is a knight then Ethan is a knight. "Ethan is not a knave" - Aria. According to Samuel, "Liam is a knave and Aria is a knight". Liam stated, "If Ella is a knight then Michael is a knave". Ella remarked, "Michael is a knave". Daniel noted, "Liam is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight". Aiden commented, "Aiden is a knight and Samuel is a knight". "Aiden is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight" - Ethan. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael Aria Samuel Liam Ella Daniel Aiden Ethan

Michael is a knight, Aria is a knave, Samuel is a knave, Liam is a knight, Ella is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Aiden is a knave, and Ethan is a knave.

(1) Michael is a knight
(2) Aria is a knave
(3) Samuel is a knave
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) Ella is a knave
(6) Daniel is a knave
(7) Aiden is a knave
(8) Ethan is a knave

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then Michael is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that If Ella is a knight then Michael is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Aiden is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Aiden is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that If Daniel is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Liam is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Aiden is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is not a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is not a knave.