A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Henry, Lucas, Amelia, Sofia, Sebastian, Daniel, Elizabeth, and Victoria. Henry noted, "If Victoria is a knight then Elizabeth is a knight". Lucas said that Daniel is a knave. In a statement by Amelia: "Lucas is a knave". Sofia commented, "If Daniel is a knave then Lucas is a knight". "Victoria is not a knight," Sebastian mentioned. Daniel remarked, "Lucas is not a knight". In a statement by Elizabeth: "Sebastian is a knave if and only if Henry is a knave". In a statement by Victoria: "Elizabeth is a knave or Amelia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry Lucas Amelia Sofia Sebastian Daniel Elizabeth Victoria

Henry is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Daniel is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, and Victoria is a knave.

(1) Henry is a knight
(2) Lucas is a knight
(3) Amelia is a knave
(4) Sofia is a knight
(5) Sebastian is a knight
(6) Daniel is a knave
(7) Elizabeth is a knight
(8) Victoria is a knave

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knight then Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Henry is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is not a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Henry is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that If Victoria is a knight then Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Elizabeth is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Daniel is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is not a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Lucas is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jacob, Jackson, Jack, Sofia, Daniel, James, Aiden, and Noah. According to Jacob, "Noah is a knave or Daniel is a knave". Jackson was heard saying, "Sofia is a knight and Noah is a knave". "Daniel is not a knave" - Jack. As Sofia put it, "James is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight". "Jacob is a knave" - Daniel. "Jack is a knight or Sofia is a knight," James claimed. Aiden said, "Jack is a knight and James is a knight." Noah said that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob Jackson Jack Sofia Daniel James Aiden Noah

Jacob is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Jack is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Daniel is a knight, James is a knight, Aiden is a knight, and Noah is a knight.

(1) Jacob is a knave
(2) Jackson is a knave
(3) Jack is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knave
(5) Daniel is a knight
(6) James is a knight
(7) Aiden is a knight
(8) Noah is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave or Daniel is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight and Noah is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Noah is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Sofia is a knight and Noah is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight or Sofia is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Daniel is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Jack is a knight or Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that James is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, Sofia, Jackson, and Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave or Daniel is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that James is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jack is a knight or Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight and James is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Matthew, Samuel, Daniel, Evelyn, Charlotte, Jacob, Emily, and Amelia. Matthew was heard saying, "Jacob is a knight or Emily is a knight". Samuel expressed that Jacob is a knight or Samuel is a knight. Daniel commented, "Evelyn is a knight and Samuel is a knave". In Evelyn's words: "Emily is not a knave". According to Charlotte, "Daniel is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knight". Jacob commented, "Evelyn is a knave or Amelia is a knight". Emily said that Daniel is not a knight. Amelia told you that Matthew is a knight and Charlotte is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew Samuel Daniel Evelyn Charlotte Jacob Emily Amelia

Matthew is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Daniel is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Jacob is a knave, Emily is a knight, and Amelia is a knave.

(1) Matthew is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Daniel is a knave
(4) Evelyn is a knight
(5) Charlotte is a knave
(6) Jacob is a knave
(7) Emily is a knight
(8) Amelia is a knave

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight or Emily is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is not a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Daniel is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight or Samuel is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight and Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Matthew is a knight and Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Evelyn is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jacob is a knight or Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Emily is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is not a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Emily is not a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Daniel is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, Emily, and Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Evelyn is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight and Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 1)), ('not', ('lying', 6)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jackson, Sebastian, Oliver, Charlotte, Olivia, Zoey, Evelyn, and Ella. "If Oliver is a knight then Olivia is a knave," Jackson claimed. Sebastian noted, "Olivia is a knight". "Zoey is a knight" - Oliver. Charlotte noted, "Zoey is not a knight". Olivia said, "Ella is a knave." According to Zoey, "Oliver is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knave". "If Oliver is a knave then Charlotte is a knave" - Evelyn. Ella noted, "Oliver is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson Sebastian Oliver Charlotte Olivia Zoey Evelyn Ella

Jackson is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Zoey is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, and Ella is a knight.

(1) Jackson is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knave
(3) Oliver is a knave
(4) Charlotte is a knight
(5) Olivia is a knave
(6) Zoey is a knave
(7) Evelyn is a knave
(8) Ella is a knight

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Oliver is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that If Oliver is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is not a knight.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that Ella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Oliver is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Oliver is a knave then Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Oliver is a knave then Charlotte is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Samuel, Emma, Chloe, James, Amelia, Elizabeth, Lily, and Abigail. Samuel stated, "James is a knight and Chloe is a knight". Emma noted, "Lily is not a knight". Chloe was heard saying, "Samuel is a knight". "Abigail is a knave and Emma is a knight" - James. Amelia commented, "Emma is a knight". "Lily is not a knave," Elizabeth claimed. According to Lily, "Chloe is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave". Abigail asserted: "Elizabeth is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel Emma Chloe James Amelia Elizabeth Lily Abigail

Samuel is a knave, Emma is a knave, Chloe is a knave, James is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, Lily is a knight, and Abigail is a knight.

(1) Samuel is a knave
(2) Emma is a knave
(3) Chloe is a knave
(4) James is a knave
(5) Amelia is a knave
(6) Elizabeth is a knight
(7) Lily is a knight
(8) Abigail is a knight

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave and Emma is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Abigail is a knave and Emma is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is not a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Lily is not a knave.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Chloe is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, Elizabeth, and Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that James is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave and Emma is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is not a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 6)), ('telling-truth', 0), ('and', ('lying', 7), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 1), ('not', ('lying', 6)), ('or', ('lying', 2), ('lying', 5)), ('telling-truth', 5))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Oliver, Mia, Riley, William, Mason, Michael, Harper, and Owen. In Oliver's words: "William is a knight". According to Mia, "Riley is not a knave". "Michael is a knight or Mason is a knave," Riley mentioned. According to William, "Owen is not a knave". Mason commented, "Mia is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight". Michael was heard saying, "Owen is a knave and Riley is a knight". Harper expressed that William is a knave. Owen remarked, "Mia is a knave and Harper is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver Mia Riley William Mason Michael Harper Owen

Oliver is a knave, Mia is a knight, Riley is a knight, William is a knave, Mason is a knave, Michael is a knight, Harper is a knight, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Oliver is a knave
(2) Mia is a knight
(3) Riley is a knight
(4) William is a knave
(5) Mason is a knave
(6) Michael is a knight
(7) Harper is a knight
(8) Owen is a knave

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is not a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave and Harper is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Mia is a knave and Harper is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Riley is not a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Michael is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave and Riley is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Mia is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Michael is a knight or Mason is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, Michael, Riley, and Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that Owen is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider William.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that William is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is not a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Owen is not a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave and Harper is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave and Riley is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Mia is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that William is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jacob, Lily, Sofia, Henry, Avery, Elizabeth, Charlotte, and Emma. In a statement by Jacob: "Sofia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knave". Lily said that Avery is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave. Sofia said, "Jacob is a knight and Avery is a knight." Henry said, "Jacob is not a knight." Avery commented, "Lily is a knave or Emma is a knave". According to Elizabeth, "Sofia is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight". Charlotte noted, "If Jacob is a knight then Elizabeth is a knight". Emma noted, "Sofia is a knight and Sofia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob Lily Sofia Henry Avery Elizabeth Charlotte Emma

Jacob is a knave, Lily is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Henry is a knight, Avery is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, and Emma is a knave.

(1) Jacob is a knave
(2) Lily is a knight
(3) Sofia is a knave
(4) Henry is a knight
(5) Avery is a knight
(6) Elizabeth is a knave
(7) Charlotte is a knight
(8) Emma is a knave

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight and Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Avery is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sofia is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Sofia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Jacob is a knight and Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight and Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Jacob is a knight and Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Sofia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, Avery, and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Lily is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knight and Avery is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Lily is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is not a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jacob is a knight then Elizabeth is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: David, Scarlett, Joseph, Sophia, Daniel, Benjamin, Penelope, and Lucas. David said, "Lucas is not a knight." Scarlett stated, "Sophia is not a knave". Joseph told you that Daniel is not a knave. Sophia asserted: "Daniel is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave". Daniel said, "Lucas is a knight." Benjamin commented, "Lucas is a knave and Sophia is a knight". "If Sophia is a knight then Daniel is a knight" - Penelope. In Lucas's words: "If Scarlett is a knave then Daniel is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David Scarlett Joseph Sophia Daniel Benjamin Penelope Lucas

David is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Penelope is a knight, and Lucas is a knave.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knave
(4) Sophia is a knave
(5) Daniel is a knave
(6) Benjamin is a knave
(7) Penelope is a knight
(8) Lucas is a knave

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Lucas is not a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that If Scarlett is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is not a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Sophia is not a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Daniel is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Daniel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Riley, Mia, Joseph, Oliver, James, Logan, Jack, and Sebastian. Riley said, "Logan is a knave and James is a knight." Mia commented, "Oliver is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave". Joseph said that Mia is not a knight. Oliver expressed that Jack is not a knight. James stated, "Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave". Logan stated, "Joseph is not a knave". In a statement by Jack: "Riley is a knave". In a statement by Sebastian: "Jack is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley Mia Joseph Oliver James Logan Jack Sebastian

Riley is a knave, Mia is a knave, Joseph is a knight, Oliver is a knave, James is a knight, Logan is a knight, Jack is a knight, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Mia is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knight
(4) Oliver is a knave
(5) James is a knight
(6) Logan is a knight
(7) Jack is a knight
(8) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave and James is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Logan is a knave and James is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is not a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Joseph is not a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Oliver is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is not a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Jack is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Mia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, Joseph, and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave and James is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Mia is not a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Oliver is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emily, Zoey, Amelia, Oliver, Aiden, Sofia, Jackson, and Isabella. In Emily's words: "Sofia is not a knave". Zoey commented, "Isabella is a knight and Emily is a knave". "Aiden is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave," Amelia claimed. "Amelia is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave," Oliver claimed. Aiden noted, "Amelia is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight". Sofia said, "If Emily is a knight then Oliver is a knave." Jackson expressed that Zoey is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave. Isabella commented, "Jackson is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily Zoey Amelia Oliver Aiden Sofia Jackson Isabella

Emily is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Aiden is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Jackson is a knight, and Isabella is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) Amelia is a knight
(4) Oliver is a knave
(5) Aiden is a knight
(6) Sofia is a knight
(7) Jackson is a knight
(8) Isabella is a knight

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is not a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that If Emily is a knight then Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight and Emily is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight and Emily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emma, Jacob, Logan, Victoria, Daniel, Ethan, Emily, and Matthew. "If Ethan is a knave then Ethan is a knight," Emma claimed. Jacob noted, "Matthew is a knave and Emma is a knight". "Ethan is a knave," Logan declared. Victoria stated, "Daniel is a knight or Jacob is a knave". "Victoria is a knight," Daniel mentioned. "Victoria is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave," Ethan claimed. Emily commented, "Matthew is a knave". Matthew told you that Daniel is a knight and Victoria is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma Jacob Logan Victoria Daniel Ethan Emily Matthew

Emma is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Logan is a knave, Victoria is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Ethan is a knight, Emily is a knight, and Matthew is a knave.

(1) Emma is a knight
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knave
(5) Daniel is a knave
(6) Ethan is a knight
(7) Emily is a knight
(8) Matthew is a knave

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knave then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight or Jacob is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Victoria is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave and Emma is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Matthew is a knave and Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew and Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight or Jacob is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Daniel is a knight or Jacob is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave and Emma is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Matthew is a knave and Emma is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Scarlett, Michael, Oliver, Ava, Olivia, Aria, Owen, and Elizabeth. Scarlett noted, "Aria is a knight". Michael expressed that Olivia is not a knight. "Aria is a knave or Michael is a knave," Oliver mentioned. In Ava's words: "If Aria is a knight then Owen is a knight". "Owen is not a knight," Olivia claimed. Aria stated, "If Michael is a knave then Scarlett is a knave". Owen said that Ava is a knave if and only if Michael is a knave. Elizabeth asserted: "If Aria is a knight then Owen is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett Michael Oliver Ava Olivia Aria Owen Elizabeth

Scarlett is a knight, Michael is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Ava is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Aria is a knight, Owen is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knight
(2) Michael is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knave
(4) Ava is a knight
(5) Olivia is a knave
(6) Aria is a knight
(7) Owen is a knight
(8) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knave then Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is not a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Olivia is not a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is not a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Michael is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knight then Owen is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Aria is a knight then Owen is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aria is a knight then Owen is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: James, Elizabeth, Lucas, Sofia, Abigail, Alexander, Zoey, and Sebastian. James said that Elizabeth is a knight or Zoey is a knight. "If Abigail is a knave then James is a knave" - Elizabeth. Lucas remarked, "If Sebastian is a knave then Alexander is a knight". Sofia told you that Alexander is not a knave. Abigail remarked, "Abigail is a knight or Lucas is a knight". Alexander commented, "Zoey is a knave or James is a knight". Zoey told you that Lucas is a knave and Sofia is a knave. Sebastian said that Alexander is a knave or Zoey is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James Elizabeth Lucas Sofia Abigail Alexander Zoey Sebastian

James is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Zoey is a knave, and Sebastian is a knave.

(1) James is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knight
(5) Abigail is a knight
(6) Alexander is a knight
(7) Zoey is a knave
(8) Sebastian is a knave

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Zoey is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knave then James is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight or Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knave then Alexander is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave or James is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Alexander is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Zoey is a knave or James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Abigail, Emma, Zoey, Sofia, Olivia, Mia, Elizabeth, and Amelia. As Abigail put it, "Elizabeth is a knave". Emma noted, "If Amelia is a knave then Abigail is a knave". "Abigail is not a knight," Zoey declared. "If Elizabeth is a knave then Sofia is a knight" - Sofia. Olivia asserted: "Amelia is a knave". "Olivia is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave," Mia declared. "Sofia is a knave" - Elizabeth. According to Amelia, "If Mia is a knave then Emma is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail Emma Zoey Sofia Olivia Mia Elizabeth Amelia

Abigail is a knight, Emma is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Mia is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, and Amelia is a knight.

(1) Abigail is a knight
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Zoey is a knave
(4) Sofia is a knight
(5) Olivia is a knave
(6) Mia is a knight
(7) Elizabeth is a knave
(8) Amelia is a knight

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then Sofia is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knave then Abigail is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Emma is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is not a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: David, Lucas, Emily, Evelyn, Harper, Henry, Joseph, and Jackson. "Henry is a knave and Evelyn is a knight," David mentioned. Lucas stated, "Joseph is a knight". Emily stated, "If Evelyn is a knight then Lucas is a knight". In Evelyn's words: "Jackson is not a knight". Harper asserted: "Jackson is a knight and Joseph is a knight". Henry commented, "Harper is not a knight". Joseph said that If Evelyn is a knight then David is a knave. According to Jackson, "Lucas is a knave or Joseph is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David Lucas Emily Evelyn Harper Henry Joseph Jackson

David is a knave, Lucas is a knight, Emily is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Harper is a knight, Henry is a knave, Joseph is a knight, and Jackson is a knight.

(1) David is a knave
(2) Lucas is a knight
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) Evelyn is a knave
(5) Harper is a knight
(6) Henry is a knave
(7) Joseph is a knight
(8) Jackson is a knight

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Henry is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Joseph is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knight then David is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is not a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Henry is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Jackson is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph and Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Jackson is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Harper is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is not a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Harper is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Jackson is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Evelyn is a knight then David is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave or Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Lucas is a knave or Joseph is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Lucas is a knave or Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, Jackson, and Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Henry is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knight then Lucas is a knight.

(('and', ('lying', 5), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('telling-truth', 6), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 7)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 0)), ('or', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 6)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Victoria, Sophia, Jackson, Sebastian, Sofia, Joseph, William, and Oliver. Victoria asserted: "Oliver is a knight". Sophia remarked, "If Jackson is a knave then Sebastian is a knave". "If Victoria is a knave then Jackson is a knight" - Jackson. In Sebastian's words: "Victoria is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight". Sofia commented, "Sebastian is a knave and Joseph is a knave". Joseph expressed that Sophia is a knight. "Sebastian is a knight," William claimed. In a statement by Oliver: "William is a knave and William is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria Sophia Jackson Sebastian Sofia Joseph William Oliver

Victoria is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Joseph is a knight, William is a knight, and Oliver is a knave.

(1) Victoria is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) Jackson is a knight
(4) Sebastian is a knight
(5) Sofia is a knave
(6) Joseph is a knight
(7) William is a knight
(8) Oliver is a knave

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave and William is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Oliver is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave and William is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knave then Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knave and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Charlotte, Joseph, Alexander, Lily, Logan, Mia, Penelope, and Ethan. "Logan is not a knave," Charlotte declared. Joseph stated, "Penelope is not a knave". Alexander told you that If Mia is a knight then Lily is a knave. "Joseph is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight," Lily mentioned. "If Lily is a knave then Charlotte is a knave" - Logan. "Lily is a knave," Mia declared. In a statement by Penelope: "If Alexander is a knight then Charlotte is a knave". Ethan was heard saying, "Joseph is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte Joseph Alexander Lily Logan Mia Penelope Ethan

Charlotte is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Lily is a knight, Logan is a knight, Mia is a knave, Penelope is a knave, and Ethan is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Joseph is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knight
(4) Lily is a knight
(5) Logan is a knight
(6) Mia is a knave
(7) Penelope is a knave
(8) Ethan is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is not a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knave then Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Joseph is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Penelope is not a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Alexander is a knight then Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knight then Lily is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that If Mia is a knight then Lily is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Joseph, Ava, Olivia, Jack, Grace, Harper, Noah, and Jackson. Joseph expressed that Jackson is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight. Ava noted, "Jackson is not a knave". Olivia commented, "Jackson is a knight". "Harper is a knight or Joseph is a knight," Jack declared. Grace stated, "Joseph is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight". Harper asserted: "Ava is a knight and Jack is a knight". "Harper is a knave and Harper is a knight," Noah claimed. As Jackson put it, "If Ava is a knave then Jack is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph Ava Olivia Jack Grace Harper Noah Jackson

Joseph is a knave, Ava is a knave, Olivia is a knave, Jack is a knave, Grace is a knave, Harper is a knave, Noah is a knave, and Jackson is a knave.

(1) Joseph is a knave
(2) Ava is a knave
(3) Olivia is a knave
(4) Jack is a knave
(5) Grace is a knave
(6) Harper is a knave
(7) Noah is a knave
(8) Jackson is a knave

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Jackson is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ava is a knave then Jack is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is not a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that If Ava is a knave then Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Harper is a knight or Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, Ava, and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Jackson is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight or Joseph is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Harper is a knight or Joseph is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight and Jack is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knave and Harper is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave and Harper is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Evelyn, Aiden, Ella, Benjamin, Emma, Logan, Chloe, and Joseph. Evelyn said that Chloe is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave. In Aiden's words: "Chloe is not a knight". "Evelyn is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave" - Ella. As Benjamin put it, "Joseph is a knight or Evelyn is a knave". Emma asserted: "Ella is not a knave". Logan said that Joseph is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave. Chloe was heard saying, "Joseph is a knight". "Aiden is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight" - Joseph. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn Aiden Ella Benjamin Emma Logan Chloe Joseph

Evelyn is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Ella is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Emma is a knave, Logan is a knight, Chloe is a knave, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Ella is a knave
(4) Benjamin is a knave
(5) Emma is a knave
(6) Logan is a knight
(7) Chloe is a knave
(8) Joseph is a knave

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is not a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Aiden is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Joseph is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight or Evelyn is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is not a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Amelia, Zoey, Olivia, Isabella, Victoria, Benjamin, Aiden, and Chloe. "Amelia is a knight or Aiden is a knight," Amelia mentioned. According to Zoey, "Isabella is a knight or Olivia is a knave". "Isabella is a knight," Olivia claimed. As Isabella put it, "Amelia is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave". Victoria remarked, "Chloe is a knave or Amelia is a knave". Benjamin said that If Chloe is a knave then Isabella is a knave. Aiden told you that Benjamin is not a knight. Chloe commented, "Olivia is a knave or Victoria is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia Zoey Olivia Isabella Victoria Benjamin Aiden Chloe

Amelia is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Victoria is a knave, Benjamin is a knight, Aiden is a knave, and Chloe is a knight.

(1) Amelia is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Olivia is a knave
(4) Isabella is a knave
(5) Victoria is a knave
(6) Benjamin is a knight
(7) Aiden is a knave
(8) Chloe is a knight

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is not a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Benjamin is not a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Chloe is a knave then Isabella is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that If Chloe is a knave then Isabella is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave or Victoria is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Amelia is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Isabella is a knight or Olivia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Isabella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Olivia is a knave or Victoria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, Chloe, and Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knave then Isabella is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave or Victoria is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight or Olivia is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave or Amelia is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave or Amelia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ava, Riley, Evelyn, Sophia, Zoey, Mia, Alexander, and Charlotte. Ava was heard saying, "Alexander is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight". Riley said, "Charlotte is a knight and Riley is a knight." "If Sophia is a knight then Charlotte is a knave," Evelyn declared. In Sophia's words: "Evelyn is a knight and Riley is a knight". "Charlotte is a knave," Zoey declared. "Evelyn is a knight and Riley is a knight," Mia mentioned. Alexander was heard saying, "Sophia is a knight or Riley is a knave". According to Charlotte, "Mia is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava Riley Evelyn Sophia Zoey Mia Alexander Charlotte

Ava is a knight, Riley is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, Sophia is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Mia is a knave, Alexander is a knight, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) Ava is a knight
(2) Riley is a knave
(3) Evelyn is a knight
(4) Sophia is a knave
(5) Zoey is a knight
(6) Mia is a knave
(7) Alexander is a knight
(8) Charlotte is a knave

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight or Riley is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight and Riley is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Charlotte is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Alexander is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Mia is not a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight and Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight and Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Evelyn is a knight and Riley is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, Mia, and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Evelyn is a knight and Riley is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight and Riley is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Riley is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Benjamin, William, Lily, Jackson, Penelope, Emily, Harper, and Chloe. Benjamin asserted: "Harper is a knight". William asserted: "Penelope is not a knave". Lily commented, "If Benjamin is a knight then Penelope is a knight". "Emily is a knave and Penelope is a knave," Jackson declared. As Penelope put it, "If Chloe is a knight then Benjamin is a knave". Emily stated, "Benjamin is a knight and Lily is a knight". Harper said, "Emily is a knave." "If Lily is a knight then Harper is a knave," Chloe declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin William Lily Jackson Penelope Emily Harper Chloe

Benjamin is a knight, William is a knave, Lily is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Emily is a knave, Harper is a knight, and Chloe is a knight.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) William is a knave
(3) Lily is a knave
(4) Jackson is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knave
(6) Emily is a knave
(7) Harper is a knight
(8) Chloe is a knight

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight and Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Benjamin is a knight and Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Benjamin is a knight then Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that If Benjamin is a knight then Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Chloe is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knight then Harper is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is not a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave and Penelope is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Victoria, Abigail, Jacob, Ethan, Mason, Ava, Emma, and Matthew. In Victoria's words: "Ava is not a knave". Abigail said that Mason is a knave or Mason is a knight. In a statement by Jacob: "Victoria is a knave or Abigail is a knave". Ethan commented, "Jacob is a knight". As Mason put it, "Victoria is a knight". Ava asserted: "Victoria is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight". Emma noted, "Matthew is not a knight". Matthew expressed that Jacob is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria Abigail Jacob Ethan Mason Ava Emma Matthew

Victoria is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Mason is a knave, Ava is a knave, Emma is a knight, and Matthew is a knave.

(1) Victoria is a knave
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Jacob is a knight
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Mason is a knave
(6) Ava is a knave
(7) Emma is a knight
(8) Matthew is a knave

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is not a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave or Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Victoria is a knave or Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mason is a knave or Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Victoria is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Ava is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is not a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Ava is not a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave or Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Matthew is not a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jackson, Riley, Matthew, Zoey, Alexander, Isabella, Abigail, and Jack. In Jackson's words: "Matthew is a knave or Jack is a knight". Riley commented, "Isabella is a knave". "Isabella is a knight and Isabella is a knave," Matthew mentioned. Zoey told you that Matthew is a knight or Riley is a knight. According to Alexander, "If Zoey is a knight then Abigail is a knave". "Zoey is a knight or Jackson is a knight," Isabella mentioned. Abigail expressed that Zoey is not a knave. Jack commented, "Zoey is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson Riley Matthew Zoey Alexander Isabella Abigail Jack

Jackson is a knight, Riley is a knave, Matthew is a knave, Zoey is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Abigail is a knave, and Jack is a knight.

(1) Jackson is a knight
(2) Riley is a knave
(3) Matthew is a knave
(4) Zoey is a knave
(5) Alexander is a knight
(6) Isabella is a knight
(7) Abigail is a knave
(8) Jack is a knight

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight and Isabella is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight and Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight or Jackson is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight or Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Matthew is a knight or Riley is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight or Riley is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is not a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Joseph, Liam, James, Grace, Lily, David, Amelia, and Riley. "James is not a knight," Joseph mentioned. As Liam put it, "Riley is a knight or Joseph is a knight". James said that David is a knight and Amelia is a knight. Grace noted, "Riley is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave". According to Lily, "James is a knave". David remarked, "Grace is a knight and Joseph is a knave". Amelia was heard saying, "Lily is not a knight". According to Riley, "Amelia is a knave or Lily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph Liam James Grace Lily David Amelia Riley

Joseph is a knight, Liam is a knight, James is a knave, Grace is a knave, Lily is a knight, David is a knave, Amelia is a knave, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Liam is a knight
(3) James is a knave
(4) Grace is a knave
(5) Lily is a knight
(6) David is a knave
(7) Amelia is a knave
(8) Riley is a knight

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that James is not a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and Amelia is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Riley is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave or Lily is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Lily is not a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Amelia is a knave or Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia and Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave or Lily is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight or Joseph is a knight.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 7), ('lying', 0)), ('lying', 2), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('lying', 6), ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Liam, Jacob, Grace, Benjamin, Charlotte, Daniel, Ava, and Alexander. In a statement by Liam: "If Ava is a knight then Ava is a knave". Jacob commented, "Charlotte is not a knave". Grace told you that Ava is a knave or Alexander is a knave. In Benjamin's words: "Daniel is a knight or Grace is a knave". Charlotte noted, "Ava is not a knight". Daniel stated, "If Jacob is a knave then Alexander is a knave". In Ava's words: "Ava is a knight and Jacob is a knight". Alexander was heard saying, "If Ava is a knave then Grace is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam Jacob Grace Benjamin Charlotte Daniel Ava Alexander

Liam is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Grace is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Ava is a knave, and Alexander is a knave.

(1) Liam is a knight
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Benjamin is a knight
(5) Charlotte is a knight
(6) Daniel is a knight
(7) Ava is a knave
(8) Alexander is a knave

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ava is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that If Ava is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight and Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is not a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave or Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Ava is a knave then Grace is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ava is a knave then Grace is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight or Grace is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jacob is a knave then Alexander is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: David, Scarlett, Aiden, Isabella, Luke, Aurora, Sofia, and Riley. David said, "Isabella is a knave." As Scarlett put it, "David is a knave or Sofia is a knave". Aiden asserted: "If Aurora is a knight then Luke is a knight". Isabella asserted: "Riley is a knight". Luke stated, "Scarlett is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knave". Aurora remarked, "Luke is not a knave". "If Isabella is a knave then Scarlett is a knave," Sofia claimed. Riley stated, "Aiden is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David Scarlett Aiden Isabella Luke Aurora Sofia Riley

David is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Luke is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Sofia is a knight, and Riley is a knight.

(1) David is a knave
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knight
(4) Isabella is a knight
(5) Luke is a knight
(6) Aurora is a knight
(7) Sofia is a knight
(8) Riley is a knight

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Isabella that Riley is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is not a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Aiden is not a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aurora is a knight then Luke is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that If Aurora is a knight then Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Luke is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that If Aurora is a knight then Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, Aiden, Riley, and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is not a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knight then Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knave then Scarlett is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emma, Luke, Michael, Evelyn, Lily, Sophia, Joseph, and Henry. Emma told you that Michael is a knight or Henry is a knight. Luke stated, "Henry is a knave". "Joseph is a knave and Evelyn is a knight," Michael declared. Evelyn remarked, "Luke is a knight and Lily is a knight". Lily told you that Luke is a knight and Evelyn is a knave. Sophia said that Luke is a knave. Joseph said that Emma is not a knight. "Henry is a knight or Joseph is a knave" - Henry. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma Luke Michael Evelyn Lily Sophia Joseph Henry

Emma is a knight, Luke is a knave, Michael is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, Lily is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Joseph is a knave, and Henry is a knight.

(1) Emma is a knight
(2) Luke is a knave
(3) Michael is a knave
(4) Evelyn is a knave
(5) Lily is a knave
(6) Sophia is a knight
(7) Joseph is a knave
(8) Henry is a knight

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight or Henry is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Joseph is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is not a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight and Lily is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Henry is a knight or Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Luke is a knight and Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Joseph is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn and Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is not a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Joseph is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Lily is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Michael is a knight or Henry is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight or Joseph is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('lying', 7), ('and', ('lying', 6), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 3)), ('lying', 1), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 7), ('lying', 6)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sophia, Lily, Penelope, Ava, Owen, Jackson, Jack, and James. Sophia was heard saying, "Jackson is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight". Lily remarked, "Owen is a knave". Penelope remarked, "Jack is a knight or James is a knave". Ava was heard saying, "Sophia is a knight or James is a knave". Owen stated, "Sophia is a knight if and only if James is a knight". Jackson noted, "If Penelope is a knave then Sophia is a knight". Jack expressed that Penelope is a knave and Sophia is a knight. In James's words: "Sophia is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia Lily Penelope Ava Owen Jackson Jack James

Sophia is a knave, Lily is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Ava is a knave, Owen is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Jack is a knave, and James is a knight.

(1) Sophia is a knave
(2) Lily is a knight
(3) Penelope is a knave
(4) Ava is a knave
(5) Owen is a knave
(6) Jackson is a knave
(7) Jack is a knave
(8) James is a knight

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Penelope is a knave then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight or James is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Jack is a knight or James is a knave.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sophia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James and Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that If Penelope is a knave then Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Penelope is a knave then Sophia is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that If Penelope is a knave then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight or James is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Jack is a knight or James is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight if and only if James is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knight or James is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight or James is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: James, Sophia, Ethan, Liam, Samuel, Lily, Daniel, and Alexander. "Alexander is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight," James mentioned. Sophia noted, "James is a knight". In Ethan's words: "If Sophia is a knight then Daniel is a knave". In a statement by Liam: "Sophia is a knight". "Alexander is a knave," Samuel mentioned. Lily told you that Sophia is not a knight. According to Daniel, "Alexander is a knight if and only if James is a knave". In Alexander's words: "Alexander is a knight or Daniel is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James Sophia Ethan Liam Samuel Lily Daniel Alexander

James is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Ethan is a knight, Liam is a knave, Samuel is a knave, Lily is a knight, Daniel is a knight, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) James is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knave
(3) Ethan is a knight
(4) Liam is a knave
(5) Samuel is a knave
(6) Lily is a knight
(7) Daniel is a knight
(8) Alexander is a knight

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Alexander is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight or Daniel is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Alexander is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Alexander is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Alexander is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel and Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Alexander is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Daniel is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knight.