A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mason, Lily, James, Sofia, Ella, Joseph, Avery, and Luke. "Ella is a knight or Lily is a knight," Mason claimed. Lily expressed that Ella is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight. "Lily is a knight," James mentioned. Sofia told you that Mason is not a knave. Ella said, "Mason is a knight and Joseph is a knight." Joseph was heard saying, "If Luke is a knight then Ella is a knave". According to Avery, "James is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave". Luke said that James is a knight or Joseph is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason Lily James Sofia Ella Joseph Avery Luke

Mason is a knave, Lily is a knave, James is a knave, Sofia is a knave, Ella is a knave, Joseph is a knight, Avery is a knight, and Luke is a knight.

(1) Mason is a knave
(2) Lily is a knave
(3) James is a knave
(4) Sofia is a knave
(5) Ella is a knave
(6) Joseph is a knight
(7) Avery is a knight
(8) Luke is a knight

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Lily is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Ella is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that If Luke is a knight then Ella is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knight or Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Mason is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Mason is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Luke is a knight then Ella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight or Lily is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Ella is a knight or Lily is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight or Joseph is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Ella is a knight or Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave if and only if Mason is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Oliver, Riley, Aria, Logan, Avery, Mason, Henry, and Charlotte. Oliver said, "Avery is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight." In Riley's words: "Logan is a knight and Charlotte is a knight". Aria expressed that Avery is a knave or Charlotte is a knave. "Charlotte is a knight" - Logan. "If Henry is a knight then Aria is a knight," Avery claimed. Mason told you that If Logan is a knight then Riley is a knave. "Logan is a knight and Mason is a knight," Henry claimed. Charlotte was heard saying, "Aria is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver Riley Aria Logan Avery Mason Henry Charlotte

Oliver is a knave, Riley is a knight, Aria is a knave, Logan is a knight, Avery is a knight, Mason is a knave, Henry is a knave, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Oliver is a knave
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Aria is a knave
(4) Logan is a knight
(5) Avery is a knight
(6) Mason is a knave
(7) Henry is a knave
(8) Charlotte is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knight then Aria is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Avery is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Logan is a knight and Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave or Charlotte is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Aria is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Logan is a knight then Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is a knave or Charlotte is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, Charlotte, Logan, and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Henry is a knight then Aria is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that If Henry is a knight then Aria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Avery is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that If Henry is a knight then Aria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave or Charlotte is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that If Henry is a knight then Aria is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Avery is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave or Charlotte is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Logan is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Logan is a knight then Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight and Charlotte is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ella, Ethan, Chloe, Aiden, Emma, Michael, Charlotte, and Elizabeth. Ella stated, "Charlotte is a knight". In Ethan's words: "Aiden is a knight". In Chloe's words: "If Emma is a knave then Ethan is a knight". In Aiden's words: "Ella is a knight or Aiden is a knight". In a statement by Emma: "Ethan is a knight or Aiden is a knight". Michael commented, "Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight". "Emma is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave" - Charlotte. Elizabeth expressed that Chloe is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella Ethan Chloe Aiden Emma Michael Charlotte Elizabeth

Ella is a knave, Ethan is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Emma is a knight, Michael is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, and Elizabeth is a knight.

(1) Ella is a knave
(2) Ethan is a knight
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) Aiden is a knight
(5) Emma is a knight
(6) Michael is a knight
(7) Charlotte is a knave
(8) Elizabeth is a knight

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Emma is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Chloe is not a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Emma is a knave then Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe and Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Aiden is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ella is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden and Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Ethan is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, Ethan, and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave or Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knave then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 3), ('->', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('lying', 4), ('lying', 7)), ('not', ('lying', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Scarlett, Zoey, William, Lucas, Samuel, Luke, Oliver, and Penelope. Scarlett asserted: "Oliver is a knave if and only if William is a knave". In Zoey's words: "Lucas is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight". "Lucas is a knight if and only if Lucas is a knave" - William. "William is not a knave," Lucas declared. According to Samuel, "Oliver is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave". Luke remarked, "Penelope is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight". Oliver said, "Samuel is a knight." "Luke is a knight" - Penelope. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett Zoey William Lucas Samuel Luke Oliver Penelope

Scarlett is a knave, Zoey is a knave, William is a knave, Lucas is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Luke is a knave, Oliver is a knight, and Penelope is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) William is a knave
(4) Lucas is a knave
(5) Samuel is a knight
(6) Luke is a knave
(7) Oliver is a knight
(8) Penelope is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if William is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Oliver is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if William is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Oliver is a knave if and only if William is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is not a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Lucas is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Lucas is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Abigail, Henry, Chloe, Avery, Luke, Joseph, James, and Aiden. Abigail expressed that If Aiden is a knight then Joseph is a knave. According to Henry, "Luke is a knave and Chloe is a knight". In Chloe's words: "Avery is a knight and James is a knight". Avery commented, "Henry is not a knave". Luke stated, "James is not a knave". "If Henry is a knight then Avery is a knight," Joseph declared. James said that Avery is not a knave. In Aiden's words: "If Avery is a knave then Chloe is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail Henry Chloe Avery Luke Joseph James Aiden

Abigail is a knave, Henry is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Avery is a knave, Luke is a knave, Joseph is a knight, James is a knave, and Aiden is a knight.

(1) Abigail is a knave
(2) Henry is a knave
(3) Chloe is a knave
(4) Avery is a knave
(5) Luke is a knave
(6) Joseph is a knight
(7) James is a knave
(8) Aiden is a knight

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knight then Joseph is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Avery is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave and Chloe is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Luke is a knave and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that James is not a knave.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James and Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Henry is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is not a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is not a knave.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that James is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is not a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Luke is a knave and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight and James is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that If Aiden is a knight then Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Henry is a knight then Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, Chloe, James, Luke, Henry, and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Avery is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that If Avery is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that If Avery is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, James, Luke, Henry, Avery, and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aiden is a knight then Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knight then Avery is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Liam, Lucas, Noah, Ethan, Sofia, Chloe, Emily, and Benjamin. As Liam put it, "Lucas is not a knave". Lucas asserted: "If Sofia is a knight then Ethan is a knave". "Emily is a knave and Chloe is a knight" - Noah. Ethan expressed that Liam is a knave or Lucas is a knight. "Sofia is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight," Sofia mentioned. "Liam is a knight or Emily is a knave," Chloe declared. Emily was heard saying, "Lucas is a knight and Sofia is a knave". "Ethan is a knave" - Benjamin. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam Lucas Noah Ethan Sofia Chloe Emily Benjamin

Liam is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Noah is a knave, Ethan is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Emily is a knight, and Benjamin is a knave.

(1) Liam is a knight
(2) Lucas is a knight
(3) Noah is a knave
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Sofia is a knave
(6) Chloe is a knight
(7) Emily is a knight
(8) Benjamin is a knave

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that If Sofia is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Liam is a knave or Lucas is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave or Lucas is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave and Chloe is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Emily is a knave and Chloe is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lucas is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight or Emily is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Olivia, Henry, Lily, Owen, Liam, Sebastian, Victoria, and Elizabeth. In a statement by Olivia: "Lily is a knave". Henry said that Henry is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave. Lily noted, "Lily is a knight or Victoria is a knave". Owen noted, "Henry is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight". As Liam put it, "Henry is a knave or Victoria is a knave". According to Sebastian, "If Olivia is a knight then Olivia is a knave". Victoria was heard saying, "Henry is a knight or Lily is a knight". Elizabeth commented, "Henry is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia Henry Lily Owen Liam Sebastian Victoria Elizabeth

Olivia is a knight, Henry is a knight, Lily is a knave, Owen is a knight, Liam is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, Victoria is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Olivia is a knight
(2) Henry is a knight
(3) Lily is a knave
(4) Owen is a knight
(5) Liam is a knave
(6) Sebastian is a knave
(7) Victoria is a knight
(8) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight or Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight or Lily is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Henry is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Olivia is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Henry is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave or Victoria is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mason, Ava, Liam, Amelia, Luke, Daniel, Charlotte, and Zoey. Mason asserted: "If Luke is a knight then Ava is a knave". "Daniel is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave," Ava declared. Liam was heard saying, "Amelia is not a knave". Amelia told you that Ava is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave. Luke commented, "Amelia is a knave or Amelia is a knight". In Daniel's words: "Mason is a knight or Ava is a knave". Charlotte expressed that Liam is not a knave. Zoey noted, "Luke is a knight or Mason is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason Ava Liam Amelia Luke Daniel Charlotte Zoey

Mason is a knight, Ava is a knave, Liam is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Luke is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, and Zoey is a knight.

(1) Mason is a knight
(2) Ava is a knave
(3) Liam is a knave
(4) Amelia is a knave
(5) Luke is a knight
(6) Daniel is a knight
(7) Charlotte is a knave
(8) Zoey is a knight

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that If Luke is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight or Ava is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is not a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is not a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight or Mason is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Chloe, Scarlett, Sofia, Mason, Owen, Mia, Emma, and Logan. Chloe stated, "Scarlett is a knight or Mason is a knight". In Scarlett's words: "Owen is a knight". In a statement by Sofia: "If Sofia is a knight then Owen is a knight". "Sofia is a knave," Mason mentioned. In a statement by Owen: "Logan is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave". Mia noted, "Mason is a knight and Logan is a knave". Emma stated, "Mia is a knave or Emma is a knight". In Logan's words: "Scarlett is a knight or Owen is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe Scarlett Sofia Mason Owen Mia Emma Logan

Chloe is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Mason is a knave, Owen is a knight, Mia is a knave, Emma is a knight, and Logan is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Sofia is a knight
(4) Mason is a knave
(5) Owen is a knight
(6) Mia is a knave
(7) Emma is a knight
(8) Logan is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight or Mason is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight or Owen is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Logan is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and Logan is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Sofia is a knight then Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knight then Owen is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave or Emma is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Penelope, Charlotte, James, Alexander, Isabella, Luke, Emma, and Liam. Penelope said, "Isabella is a knight and Emma is a knave." According to Charlotte, "Charlotte is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight". In a statement by James: "If Luke is a knight then Penelope is a knight". As Alexander put it, "Luke is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave". In a statement by Isabella: "Liam is a knight and Emma is a knight". "Charlotte is a knight or Isabella is a knight," Luke claimed. Emma expressed that Liam is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave. Liam asserted: "Isabella is a knight and Alexander is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope Charlotte James Alexander Isabella Luke Emma Liam

Penelope is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, James is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Luke is a knight, Emma is a knight, and Liam is a knight.

(1) Penelope is a knave
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) James is a knave
(4) Alexander is a knight
(5) Isabella is a knight
(6) Luke is a knight
(7) Emma is a knight
(8) Liam is a knight

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight or Isabella is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Luke is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Isabella is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Liam is a knight and Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight or Isabella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Isabella is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Liam is a knight and Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Isabella is a knight and Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Luke is a knight then Penelope is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Luke is a knight then Penelope is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Oliver, Penelope, Aiden, Abigail, Samuel, Emma, Michael, and Elizabeth. In Oliver's words: "Aiden is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight". Penelope remarked, "Aiden is not a knave". Aiden said that Emma is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knave. As Abigail put it, "Samuel is a knave". Samuel was heard saying, "Penelope is a knight or Aiden is a knight". According to Emma, "Oliver is a knave". "Elizabeth is a knight or Penelope is a knave," Michael mentioned. In a statement by Elizabeth: "Penelope is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver Penelope Aiden Abigail Samuel Emma Michael Elizabeth

Oliver is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Abigail is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Emma is a knight, Michael is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knight.

(1) Oliver is a knave
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knight
(4) Abigail is a knave
(5) Samuel is a knight
(6) Emma is a knight
(7) Michael is a knight
(8) Elizabeth is a knight

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Emma is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aiden is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, Elizabeth, and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Aiden is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is not a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Penelope is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Penelope is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Michael, Logan, Harper, William, Penelope, Aiden, Avery, and Evelyn. Michael expressed that Logan is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight. In a statement by Logan: "Aiden is a knave and Avery is a knave". Harper was heard saying, "Avery is a knight or Logan is a knight". William was heard saying, "Aiden is a knight or Harper is a knave". In Penelope's words: "Penelope is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave". "Harper is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave" - Aiden. Avery said that Penelope is not a knight. In a statement by Evelyn: "If Evelyn is a knight then Aiden is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael Logan Harper William Penelope Aiden Avery Evelyn

Michael is a knave, Logan is a knave, Harper is a knight, William is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Aiden is a knave, Avery is a knight, and Evelyn is a knight.

(1) Michael is a knave
(2) Logan is a knave
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) William is a knave
(5) Penelope is a knave
(6) Aiden is a knave
(7) Avery is a knight
(8) Evelyn is a knight

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Aiden is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight or Logan is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Aiden is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Harper is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is a knight or Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Harper is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Avery is a knight or Logan is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight or Logan is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Avery is a knight or Logan is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Harper is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery and Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Penelope is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Logan is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Aiden is a knave and Avery is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, Harper, Aiden, and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Logan is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knight or Harper is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight or Harper is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knight then Aiden is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Joseph, Aiden, Sebastian, Zoey, Luke, Avery, Benjamin, and Alexander. Joseph said, "Zoey is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight." Aiden said, "Benjamin is not a knave." Sebastian noted, "Avery is a knave or Aiden is a knight". In a statement by Zoey: "Alexander is not a knave". "Alexander is not a knave," Luke declared. "If Zoey is a knight then Aiden is a knave," Avery mentioned. Benjamin told you that Zoey is a knave. Alexander noted, "Aiden is a knight or Zoey is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph Aiden Sebastian Zoey Luke Avery Benjamin Alexander

Joseph is a knave, Aiden is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Luke is a knight, Avery is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Joseph is a knave
(2) Aiden is a knave
(3) Sebastian is a knave
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Luke is a knight
(6) Avery is a knight
(7) Benjamin is a knave
(8) Alexander is a knight

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Zoey is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Benjamin is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Zoey is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Zoey is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, Benjamin, and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Alexander is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Alexander is not a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight or Zoey is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Aiden is a knight or Zoey is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, Aiden, Alexander, and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave or Aiden is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave or Aiden is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sebastian, Matthew, Elizabeth, Alexander, Logan, Scarlett, Michael, and Avery. Sebastian said that Matthew is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave. In a statement by Matthew: "If Scarlett is a knave then Sebastian is a knave". According to Elizabeth, "Avery is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave". In Alexander's words: "Sebastian is a knight". As Logan put it, "Michael is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave". As Scarlett put it, "Logan is a knave". Michael commented, "If Logan is a knave then Matthew is a knave". Avery said, "Alexander is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian Matthew Elizabeth Alexander Logan Scarlett Michael Avery

Sebastian is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Logan is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Michael is a knight, and Avery is a knight.

(1) Sebastian is a knight
(2) Matthew is a knave
(3) Elizabeth is a knave
(4) Alexander is a knight
(5) Logan is a knight
(6) Scarlett is a knave
(7) Michael is a knight
(8) Avery is a knight

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Logan is a knave then Matthew is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Michael is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Matthew is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Sebastian is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Matthew is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knave then Matthew is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Avery is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Alexander is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sophia, Lucas, Harper, Elizabeth, Charlotte, Amelia, William, and Aiden. In a statement by Sophia: "Elizabeth is not a knight". Lucas asserted: "William is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knave". Harper noted, "Amelia is a knight or Sophia is a knave". Elizabeth said that Sophia is a knave or Harper is a knave. Charlotte noted, "Amelia is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight". Amelia noted, "Lucas is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knave". William asserted: "William is a knight and Harper is a knave". Aiden said that Charlotte is a knight or Sophia is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia Lucas Harper Elizabeth Charlotte Amelia William Aiden

Sophia is a knave, Lucas is a knave, Harper is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Amelia is a knight, William is a knave, and Aiden is a knave.

(1) Sophia is a knave
(2) Lucas is a knave
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Elizabeth is a knight
(5) Charlotte is a knave
(6) Amelia is a knight
(7) William is a knave
(8) Aiden is a knave

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave or Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knight and Harper is a knave.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that William is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that William is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight and Harper is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Lucas is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight or Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, William, and Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Amelia is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Sophia is a knave or Harper is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper and Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave or Harper is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight or Sophia is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Alexander, Jack, Zoey, Scarlett, Ava, Amelia, Owen, and Michael. "Michael is not a knave" - Alexander. "Ava is a knight and Amelia is a knave," Jack claimed. In a statement by Zoey: "Owen is a knave". Scarlett asserted: "Michael is a knight". "Michael is a knave or Alexander is a knight," Ava mentioned. Amelia was heard saying, "Zoey is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave". In a statement by Owen: "Michael is a knave and Michael is a knight". As Michael put it, "Jack is a knave and Owen is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander Jack Zoey Scarlett Ava Amelia Owen Michael

Alexander is a knave, Jack is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Ava is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Owen is a knave, and Michael is a knave.

(1) Alexander is a knave
(2) Jack is a knave
(3) Zoey is a knight
(4) Scarlett is a knave
(5) Ava is a knight
(6) Amelia is a knight
(7) Owen is a knave
(8) Michael is a knave

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Jack is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight and Amelia is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Jack is a knave and Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Zoey is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Ava is a knight and Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Michael is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava and Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Michael is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight and Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Ava is a knight and Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Zoey is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, Zoey, and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Ava is a knight and Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Liam, Mason, Jacob, Zoey, James, Samuel, Riley, and Chloe. "Jacob is a knave" - Liam. In a statement by Mason: "Riley is not a knave". According to Jacob, "Zoey is a knave". Zoey stated, "If Chloe is a knave then Samuel is a knight". In James's words: "Mason is a knave and Samuel is a knight". Samuel told you that Chloe is a knave and Riley is a knave. Riley remarked, "If James is a knight then Jacob is a knight". Chloe remarked, "Jacob is a knight or Liam is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam Mason Jacob Zoey James Samuel Riley Chloe

Liam is a knight, Mason is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Zoey is a knight, James is a knave, Samuel is a knave, Riley is a knight, and Chloe is a knight.

(1) Liam is a knight
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Jacob is a knave
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) James is a knave
(6) Samuel is a knave
(7) Riley is a knight
(8) Chloe is a knight

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight or Liam is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave and Riley is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave and Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knave and Samuel is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Scarlett, Daniel, Emma, Sofia, Jacob, Ethan, James, and Mason. Scarlett told you that Emma is not a knight. Daniel noted, "Mason is not a knight". Emma said that James is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave. Sofia commented, "Emma is a knight". Jacob commented, "Mason is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave". Ethan commented, "Sofia is not a knight". "Ethan is a knight," James claimed. Mason was heard saying, "Scarlett is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett Daniel Emma Sofia Jacob Ethan James Mason

Scarlett is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Emma is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Ethan is a knave, James is a knave, and Mason is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Emma is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knight
(5) Jacob is a knight
(6) Ethan is a knave
(7) James is a knave
(8) Mason is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Emma is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that James is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is not a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Sofia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, Ethan, James, and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that James is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aurora, Ava, Jackson, Aiden, Olivia, Zoey, Lily, and Abigail. Aurora expressed that Zoey is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave. Ava asserted: "If Zoey is a knave then Zoey is a knight". Jackson expressed that Zoey is a knave and Lily is a knight. In a statement by Aiden: "Jackson is not a knight". According to Olivia, "Aurora is not a knight". Zoey was heard saying, "Ava is a knave and Lily is a knight". "Ava is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave" - Lily. Abigail was heard saying, "Zoey is a knight and Zoey is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora Ava Jackson Aiden Olivia Zoey Lily Abigail

Aurora is a knight, Ava is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Aiden is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Zoey is a knave, Lily is a knave, and Abigail is a knave.

(1) Aurora is a knight
(2) Ava is a knave
(3) Jackson is a knave
(4) Aiden is a knight
(5) Olivia is a knave
(6) Zoey is a knave
(7) Lily is a knave
(8) Abigail is a knave

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Ava is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Zoey is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Zoey is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Zoey is a knave then Zoey is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Ava is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that Ava is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is not a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: James, Logan, Mia, Zoey, Jackson, Aria, Michael, and Owen. "Logan is a knave or Aria is a knave," James claimed. Logan asserted: "Aria is not a knave". Mia stated, "Michael is a knight". "If Logan is a knight then Michael is a knight" - Zoey. Jackson commented, "James is not a knight". "If Owen is a knave then Zoey is a knight," Aria claimed. Michael commented, "If Zoey is a knight then Logan is a knight". As Owen put it, "James is a knight and Michael is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James Logan Mia Zoey Jackson Aria Michael Owen

James is a knave, Logan is a knight, Mia is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Aria is a knight, Michael is a knight, and Owen is a knave.

(1) James is a knave
(2) Logan is a knight
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Jackson is a knight
(6) Aria is a knight
(7) Michael is a knight
(8) Owen is a knave

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave or Aria is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is not a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Logan is a knave or Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Aria is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Aria is not a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knave then Zoey is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that If Owen is a knave then Zoey is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Logan is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that If Owen is a knave then Zoey is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Logan is a knight then Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that James is a knight and Michael is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, Owen, Aria, and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave or Aria is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knave then Zoey is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knight then Michael is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ella, Isabella, Logan, Ethan, William, Henry, Jack, and Victoria. Ella remarked, "Isabella is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight". In a statement by Isabella: "Henry is a knave". According to Logan, "Isabella is a knave and Ethan is a knave". Ethan asserted: "Ella is a knave". William told you that Ethan is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight. "If Victoria is a knave then Logan is a knave," Henry declared. As Jack put it, "Victoria is a knight or Henry is a knave". Victoria said, "Logan is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella Isabella Logan Ethan William Henry Jack Victoria

Ella is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Logan is a knave, Ethan is a knight, William is a knight, Henry is a knight, Jack is a knight, and Victoria is a knight.

(1) Ella is a knave
(2) Isabella is a knave
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) William is a knight
(6) Henry is a knight
(7) Jack is a knight
(8) Victoria is a knight

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Victoria is a knave then Logan is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that If Victoria is a knave then Logan is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that If Victoria is a knave then Logan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, Victoria, and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knave then Logan is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Isabella is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that If Victoria is a knave then Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Logan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Isabella that Henry is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight or Henry is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aiden, Noah, Scarlett, James, Avery, Jack, Zoey, and Michael. Aiden commented, "Scarlett is a knave or Zoey is a knight". "Zoey is a knave or Jack is a knave," Noah mentioned. Scarlett was heard saying, "Zoey is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight". As James put it, "Aiden is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight". Avery was heard saying, "Scarlett is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight". In Jack's words: "Noah is a knight and James is a knight". As Zoey put it, "Zoey is a knight". Michael noted, "Aiden is a knave or Jack is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden Noah Scarlett James Avery Jack Zoey Michael

Aiden is a knave, Noah is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, James is a knight, Avery is a knave, Jack is a knight, Zoey is a knave, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Aiden is a knave
(2) Noah is a knight
(3) Scarlett is a knight
(4) James is a knight
(5) Avery is a knave
(6) Jack is a knight
(7) Zoey is a knave
(8) Michael is a knight

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Zoey is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave or Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is a knight and James is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Zoey is a knave or Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Scarlett is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave or Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Zoey is a knave or Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight and James is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Noah is a knight and James is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Aiden is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, James, and Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Zoey is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Zoey is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Zoey is a knave or Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, Zoey, and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Scarlett is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight and James is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Aiden is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave or Jack is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mia, William, Michael, Sophia, David, Abigail, Riley, and Sofia. Mia said, "Sophia is a knight and Michael is a knight." William noted, "Riley is a knight and David is a knave". Michael commented, "Sofia is a knight and Abigail is a knight". Sophia said, "Abigail is not a knight." As David put it, "Sophia is not a knight". According to Abigail, "Riley is not a knave". In Riley's words: "If Riley is a knight then Michael is a knave". Sofia told you that Sofia is a knight and Michael is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia William Michael Sophia David Abigail Riley Sofia

Mia is a knave, William is a knave, Michael is a knave, Sophia is a knave, David is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Riley is a knight, and Sofia is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knave
(2) William is a knave
(3) Michael is a knave
(4) Sophia is a knave
(5) David is a knight
(6) Abigail is a knight
(7) Riley is a knight
(8) Sofia is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Abigail is not a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Riley is not a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Riley is a knight then Michael is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley and Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Sophia is a knight and Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is not a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knight then Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that If Riley is a knight then Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Sofia is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight and David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Riley is a knight and David is a knave.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sophia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight and David is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 6), ('lying', 4)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 5)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('lying', 6)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 6), ('lying', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Chloe, Joseph, Mia, Samuel, James, Amelia, Zoey, and Matthew. Chloe was heard saying, "Zoey is a knave and James is a knave". Joseph noted, "Chloe is a knave if and only if James is a knave". "Samuel is a knave if and only if James is a knight," Mia declared. According to Samuel, "If Samuel is a knight then Zoey is a knight". According to James, "Samuel is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave". Amelia noted, "Samuel is a knave". Zoey stated, "Joseph is not a knave". Matthew stated, "James is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe Joseph Mia Samuel James Amelia Zoey Matthew

Chloe is a knave, Joseph is a knight, Mia is a knight, Samuel is a knight, James is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Zoey is a knight, and Matthew is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knave
(2) Joseph is a knight
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) Samuel is a knight
(5) James is a knave
(6) Amelia is a knave
(7) Zoey is a knight
(8) Matthew is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave and James is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Zoey is a knave and James is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is not a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Joseph is not a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Zoey is a knave and James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Samuel is a knight then Zoey is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Samuel is a knight then Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, James, Joseph, and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave and James is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Chloe is a knave if and only if James is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knight then Zoey is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if James is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Joseph, Aiden, Ella, Olivia, Penelope, Samuel, Avery, and Chloe. Joseph expressed that Chloe is not a knave. In Aiden's words: "Penelope is not a knight". "Avery is a knight and Joseph is a knight," Ella claimed. In a statement by Olivia: "Penelope is a knave". Penelope expressed that Joseph is a knave or Joseph is a knight. In a statement by Samuel: "Aiden is a knave or Avery is a knight". Avery noted, "Aiden is a knave". Chloe remarked, "If Aiden is a knight then Joseph is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph Aiden Ella Olivia Penelope Samuel Avery Chloe

Joseph is a knight, Aiden is a knave, Ella is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Avery is a knight, and Chloe is a knight.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Aiden is a knave
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) Olivia is a knave
(5) Penelope is a knight
(6) Samuel is a knight
(7) Avery is a knight
(8) Chloe is a knight

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knight then Joseph is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Penelope is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Joseph is a knave or Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave or Joseph is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave or Avery is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jackson, Sofia, Henry, Logan, Avery, Mason, Lucas, and Harper. "Mason is a knight and Avery is a knight," Jackson claimed. Sofia asserted: "Jackson is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave". In Henry's words: "If Lucas is a knave then Avery is a knave". "Harper is a knight or Avery is a knight" - Logan. In a statement by Avery: "Lucas is a knave or Mason is a knave". Mason said that Harper is not a knave. Lucas commented, "Logan is a knave". Harper stated, "Avery is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson Sofia Henry Logan Avery Mason Lucas Harper

Jackson is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Henry is a knave, Logan is a knight, Avery is a knight, Mason is a knave, Lucas is a knave, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Jackson is a knave
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Henry is a knave
(4) Logan is a knight
(5) Avery is a knight
(6) Mason is a knave
(7) Lucas is a knave
(8) Harper is a knave

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight and Avery is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is not a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is not a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Avery is not a knight.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Mason is a knight and Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Harper is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Mason is a knight and Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Mason is a knight and Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave or Mason is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Harper is a knight or Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Lucas is a knave or Mason is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is not a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Harper is not a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is not a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Mason is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight or Avery is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Lucas is a knave then Avery is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Lucas is a knave then Avery is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: William, Sophia, David, Aurora, Harper, Samuel, Elizabeth, and Noah. William said, "Elizabeth is a knave or Sophia is a knight." Sophia remarked, "If Elizabeth is a knave then David is a knave". According to David, "Samuel is not a knight". Aurora said that William is a knave. "Noah is a knave" - Harper. Samuel said, "William is a knight or William is a knave." Elizabeth remarked, "Aurora is a knave and Samuel is a knave". Noah told you that If Samuel is a knave then Elizabeth is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William Sophia David Aurora Harper Samuel Elizabeth Noah

William is a knight, Sophia is a knight, David is a knave, Aurora is a knave, Harper is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, and Noah is a knight.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) David is a knave
(4) Aurora is a knave
(5) Harper is a knave
(6) Samuel is a knight
(7) Elizabeth is a knave
(8) Noah is a knight

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave or Sophia is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave and Samuel is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Aurora is a knave and Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that William is a knight or William is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave and Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight or William is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that If Elizabeth is a knave then David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Noah is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Samuel is a knave then Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knave then Elizabeth is a knave.