A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Avery, Benjamin, Harper, Amelia, Abigail, Jack, Mason, and Sofia. Avery stated, "Amelia is a knave and Jack is a knave". In a statement by Benjamin: "If Avery is a knight then Mason is a knight". Harper told you that Benjamin is a knight or Jack is a knight. "If Benjamin is a knave then Avery is a knave," Amelia declared. "Jack is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight" - Abigail. Jack asserted: "Benjamin is a knave". "Benjamin is a knave" - Mason. "Amelia is a knight or Benjamin is a knave" - Sofia. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery Benjamin Harper Amelia Abigail Jack Mason Sofia

Avery is a knave, Benjamin is a knight, Harper is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Jack is a knave, Mason is a knave, and Sofia is a knight.

(1) Avery is a knave
(2) Benjamin is a knight
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Amelia is a knight
(5) Abigail is a knight
(6) Jack is a knave
(7) Mason is a knave
(8) Sofia is a knight

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Amelia is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Avery is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that If Benjamin is a knave then Avery is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Avery is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that If Avery is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, Benjamin, and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Avery is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Avery is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight or Jack is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or Benjamin is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Owen, Jack, Michael, Penelope, Liam, Ava, Sofia, and Grace. "Owen is a knight and Michael is a knight," Owen mentioned. Jack said, "Penelope is not a knight." According to Michael, "Penelope is a knight or Owen is a knave". Penelope remarked, "Liam is a knight or Ava is a knight". Liam said that Sofia is a knight or Penelope is a knave. Ava commented, "Sofia is a knight and Penelope is a knave". Sofia said, "Owen is a knave." Grace remarked, "Sofia is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen Jack Michael Penelope Liam Ava Sofia Grace

Owen is a knave, Jack is a knave, Michael is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Liam is a knight, Ava is a knave, Sofia is a knight, and Grace is a knave.

(1) Owen is a knave
(2) Jack is a knave
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) Penelope is a knight
(5) Liam is a knight
(6) Ava is a knave
(7) Sofia is a knight
(8) Grace is a knave

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight or Owen is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight or Ava is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight or Penelope is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Sofia is a knight or Penelope is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight or Penelope is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Sofia is a knight or Penelope is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight and Penelope is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Liam is a knight or Ava is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, Sofia, and Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Penelope is a knight or Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Owen is a knight and Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Penelope is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is not a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 6), ('lying', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 6), ('lying', 3)), ('lying', 0), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 6), ('lying', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Olivia, Jack, Charlotte, Aiden, Abigail, Mason, Oliver, and Aurora. Olivia commented, "Aiden is a knave and Charlotte is a knight". According to Jack, "If Aiden is a knave then Olivia is a knave". Charlotte was heard saying, "Aurora is a knave or Abigail is a knight". Aiden told you that If Jack is a knave then Aurora is a knight. Abigail stated, "Jack is not a knave". "Oliver is a knight or Aurora is a knave," Mason declared. Oliver expressed that Aurora is not a knight. Aurora said, "Abigail is a knave and Oliver is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia Jack Charlotte Aiden Abigail Mason Oliver Aurora

Olivia is a knave, Jack is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Mason is a knight, Oliver is a knight, and Aurora is a knave.

(1) Olivia is a knave
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knight
(4) Aiden is a knight
(5) Abigail is a knight
(6) Mason is a knight
(7) Oliver is a knight
(8) Aurora is a knave

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Aiden is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jack is a knave then Aurora is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Aiden is a knave then Olivia is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aiden is a knave then Olivia is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that If Jack is a knave then Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave and Oliver is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is not a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is not a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Abigail is a knave and Oliver is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aurora is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, Abigail, Aurora, Jack, and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Aurora is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knave then Olivia is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave and Oliver is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Abigail is a knave and Oliver is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jack is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is not a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight or Aurora is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ava, Alexander, Michael, Benjamin, Henry, Aiden, Logan, and Chloe. In Ava's words: "Alexander is a knight and Logan is a knight". Alexander commented, "Logan is a knave and Henry is a knave". Michael remarked, "Ava is not a knave". "If Henry is a knight then Ava is a knave," Benjamin declared. Henry commented, "If Alexander is a knight then Ava is a knave". Aiden expressed that Aiden is a knight or Alexander is a knave. Logan told you that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight. Chloe stated, "Alexander is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava Alexander Michael Benjamin Henry Aiden Logan Chloe

Ava is a knave, Alexander is a knave, Michael is a knave, Benjamin is a knight, Henry is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Logan is a knave, and Chloe is a knave.

(1) Ava is a knave
(2) Alexander is a knave
(3) Michael is a knave
(4) Benjamin is a knight
(5) Henry is a knight
(6) Aiden is a knight
(7) Logan is a knave
(8) Chloe is a knave

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave and Henry is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Logan is a knave and Henry is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Alexander is a knight and Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Alexander is a knight and Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that Alexander is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Logan is a knave and Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Alexander is a knight then Ava is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Henry is a knight then Ava is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave and Henry is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is not a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is not a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lily, Daniel, Evelyn, William, Alexander, Henry, Olivia, and Emma. Lily remarked, "William is a knave and Daniel is a knave". "Alexander is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight" - Daniel. Evelyn noted, "If Henry is a knave then Daniel is a knave". "If Alexander is a knave then Olivia is a knight" - William. Alexander was heard saying, "Henry is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight". Henry noted, "William is a knave or Olivia is a knave". Olivia expressed that Daniel is a knight or William is a knight. As Emma put it, "Lily is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily Daniel Evelyn William Alexander Henry Olivia Emma

Lily is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, William is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Henry is a knave, Olivia is a knight, and Emma is a knave.

(1) Lily is a knave
(2) Daniel is a knave
(3) Evelyn is a knight
(4) William is a knight
(5) Alexander is a knight
(6) Henry is a knave
(7) Olivia is a knight
(8) Emma is a knave

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave and Daniel is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that William is a knave and Daniel is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Alexander is a knave then Olivia is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that If Alexander is a knave then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave or Olivia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that If Alexander is a knave then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight or William is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that William is a knave and Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Alexander is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel and Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that William is a knave or Olivia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, Alexander, and William, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave and Daniel is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that William is a knave or Olivia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Daniel is a knight or William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave or Olivia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight or William is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Henry is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lily is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knave then Daniel is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Chloe, Scarlett, Sofia, Sophia, Grace, Lily, Joseph, and Amelia. Chloe told you that Amelia is a knave or Joseph is a knave. Scarlett remarked, "If Sofia is a knight then Sophia is a knave". "Joseph is a knave and Lily is a knave," Sofia claimed. In Sophia's words: "Joseph is a knave or Sofia is a knight". Grace remarked, "Sophia is a knave". "Amelia is a knave" - Lily. Joseph was heard saying, "Sophia is a knight and Grace is a knight". Amelia told you that Chloe is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe Scarlett Sofia Sophia Grace Lily Joseph Amelia

Chloe is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Grace is a knave, Lily is a knave, Joseph is a knave, and Amelia is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knave
(3) Sofia is a knight
(4) Sophia is a knight
(5) Grace is a knave
(6) Lily is a knave
(7) Joseph is a knave
(8) Amelia is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Amelia is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight and Grace is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave or Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave and Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Joseph is a knave and Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Sofia is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sofia is a knight then Sophia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mason, Noah, Liam, Jack, Jackson, Harper, Amelia, and David. Mason said, "If Jack is a knave then Jackson is a knight." Noah said, "If Liam is a knight then Jackson is a knight." Liam noted, "David is not a knight". Jack was heard saying, "David is a knave". Jackson remarked, "Harper is a knight and David is a knave". Harper said, "If Amelia is a knave then Jack is a knight." Amelia said that If Mason is a knave then Jack is a knight. "Liam is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight" - David. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason Noah Liam Jack Jackson Harper Amelia David

Mason is a knave, Noah is a knight, Liam is a knave, Jack is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Harper is a knave, Amelia is a knave, and David is a knight.

(1) Mason is a knave
(2) Noah is a knight
(3) Liam is a knave
(4) Jack is a knave
(5) Jackson is a knave
(6) Harper is a knave
(7) Amelia is a knave
(8) David is a knight

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Liam is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that David is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam and David, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is not a knight.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Liam is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider David.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that David is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David and Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jack is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that If Jack is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is not a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that If Jack is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight and David is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knave then Jack is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Mason is a knave then Jack is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that If Amelia is a knave then Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Amelia is a knave then Jack is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that If Amelia is a knave then Jack is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Mason is a knave then Jack is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knight then Jackson is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Abigail, Jackson, Luke, Emma, Jack, Michael, Henry, and Grace. In Abigail's words: "Jackson is a knave and Emma is a knave". "Jack is not a knight," Jackson declared. In Luke's words: "Jack is a knight". According to Emma, "Abigail is not a knight". In Jack's words: "Grace is a knight or Henry is a knave". Michael remarked, "Grace is a knight and Henry is a knight". Henry told you that Abigail is a knave and Emma is a knight. According to Grace, "Jackson is a knight and Luke is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail Jackson Luke Emma Jack Michael Henry Grace

Abigail is a knight, Jackson is a knave, Luke is a knight, Emma is a knave, Jack is a knight, Michael is a knave, Henry is a knave, and Grace is a knave.

(1) Abigail is a knight
(2) Jackson is a knave
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Emma is a knave
(5) Jack is a knight
(6) Michael is a knave
(7) Henry is a knave
(8) Grace is a knave

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave and Emma is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Jackson is a knave and Emma is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is not a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight or Henry is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Grace is a knight or Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave and Emma is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Jackson is a knave and Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is not a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knight and Henry is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight and Henry is a knight.

(('and', ('lying', 1), ('lying', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 7), ('lying', 6)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('and', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mia, Joseph, Sofia, Evelyn, Luke, Elizabeth, Lucas, and Aurora. Mia told you that Aurora is a knave and Luke is a knight. According to Joseph, "Mia is not a knight". As Sofia put it, "Luke is not a knave". "Joseph is a knave," Evelyn mentioned. Luke expressed that Mia is a knave and Evelyn is a knight. As Elizabeth put it, "Mia is not a knave". Lucas said that Evelyn is a knight. "Sofia is not a knave," Aurora mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia Joseph Sofia Evelyn Luke Elizabeth Lucas Aurora

Mia is a knave, Joseph is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, Luke is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Lucas is a knave, and Aurora is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knave
(2) Joseph is a knight
(3) Sofia is a knave
(4) Evelyn is a knave
(5) Luke is a knave
(6) Elizabeth is a knave
(7) Lucas is a knave
(8) Aurora is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave and Luke is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Aurora is a knave and Luke is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is not a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Sofia is not a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Luke is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Aurora is a knave and Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, Sofia, and Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave and Luke is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is not a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Mia is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Luke is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Sofia is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Aurora is a knave and Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Mia is a knave and Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is not a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Penelope, Lucas, Ella, Samuel, David, Noah, Liam, and Sebastian. "Ella is a knight or Samuel is a knight," Penelope declared. "Sebastian is a knave and Liam is a knight" - Lucas. According to Ella, "If Samuel is a knight then Noah is a knave". Samuel commented, "If David is a knight then Ella is a knight". David told you that David is a knight or Ella is a knave. According to Noah, "David is not a knight". Liam said, "If Sebastian is a knave then Penelope is a knave." Sebastian said, "David is not a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope Lucas Ella Samuel David Noah Liam Sebastian

Penelope is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Ella is a knight, Samuel is a knight, David is a knight, Noah is a knave, Liam is a knave, and Sebastian is a knave.

(1) Penelope is a knight
(2) Lucas is a knave
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) Samuel is a knight
(5) David is a knight
(6) Noah is a knave
(7) Liam is a knave
(8) Sebastian is a knave

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Samuel is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knight then Noah is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knight then Ella is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or Ella is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that If Samuel is a knight then Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is not a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Sebastian is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is not a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Sebastian is a knave then Penelope is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Sebastian is a knave and Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam and Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is not a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Sebastian is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sebastian is a knave then Penelope is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lily, Emily, Isabella, Luke, Abigail, Sophia, Owen, and James. Lily asserted: "Abigail is a knight". Emily said, "Lily is a knight." Isabella said that Emily is a knave. "Isabella is a knave and Emily is a knight," Luke mentioned. In Abigail's words: "James is a knave". As Sophia put it, "Isabella is not a knight". "Isabella is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight," Owen mentioned. James asserted: "If Sophia is a knight then Luke is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily Emily Isabella Luke Abigail Sophia Owen James

Lily is a knave, Emily is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Luke is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Owen is a knight, and James is a knight.

(1) Lily is a knave
(2) Emily is a knave
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) Luke is a knave
(5) Abigail is a knave
(6) Sophia is a knave
(7) Owen is a knight
(8) James is a knight

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sophia is a knight then Luke is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is not a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Isabella is not a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that If Sophia is a knight then Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Isabella is a knave and Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of James that If Sophia is a knight then Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia and James, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Luke is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Isabella that Emily is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is not a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave and Emily is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave and Emily is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 1), ('and', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('lying', 7), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ethan, Harper, Isabella, Logan, Jack, Daniel, Elizabeth, and David. As Ethan put it, "Isabella is a knight if and only if David is a knave". Harper stated, "Jack is not a knave". Isabella expressed that Ethan is not a knave. Logan noted, "Ethan is a knave or Harper is a knave". As Jack put it, "Isabella is a knave if and only if David is a knave". Daniel told you that If David is a knight then Logan is a knight. "Isabella is a knight and Ethan is a knight" - Elizabeth. According to David, "Isabella is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan Harper Isabella Logan Jack Daniel Elizabeth David

Ethan is a knight, Harper is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Logan is a knight, Jack is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, and David is a knave.

(1) Ethan is a knight
(2) Harper is a knave
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) Logan is a knight
(5) Jack is a knave
(6) Daniel is a knight
(7) Elizabeth is a knight
(8) David is a knave

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if David is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Isabella is a knight if and only if David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knight then Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave or Harper is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Ethan is a knave or Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is not a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Jack is not a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if David is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight and Ethan is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Amelia, Logan, Abigail, Noah, Grace, Sophia, Lily, and Scarlett. "Lily is not a knight," Amelia declared. Logan commented, "Lily is not a knave". Abigail remarked, "If Logan is a knave then Sophia is a knight". In Noah's words: "Grace is a knave or Sophia is a knave". Grace asserted: "Amelia is a knight". "Amelia is a knight if and only if Grace is a knight," Sophia claimed. According to Lily, "If Scarlett is a knight then Amelia is a knave". In Scarlett's words: "Grace is a knight and Lily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia Logan Abigail Noah Grace Sophia Lily Scarlett

Amelia is a knave, Logan is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Noah is a knight, Grace is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Lily is a knight, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) Amelia is a knave
(2) Logan is a knight
(3) Abigail is a knight
(4) Noah is a knight
(5) Grace is a knave
(6) Sophia is a knight
(7) Lily is a knight
(8) Scarlett is a knave

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Lily is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Amelia is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knight and Lily is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that If Scarlett is a knight then Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Amelia is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight and Lily is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Grace is a knight and Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight and Lily is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knave then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Grace is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave or Sophia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Amelia, Harper, David, Ethan, Penelope, Emily, Joseph, and Sofia. Amelia remarked, "If Ethan is a knave then Ethan is a knight". Harper asserted: "Amelia is a knight and Joseph is a knight". David stated, "Joseph is a knave or Harper is a knight". According to Ethan, "Sofia is not a knave". Penelope told you that Harper is not a knight. Emily said, "Emily is a knight or David is a knight." Joseph was heard saying, "If Emily is a knave then Joseph is a knight". As Sofia put it, "Harper is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia Harper David Ethan Penelope Emily Joseph Sofia

Amelia is a knight, Harper is a knight, David is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Emily is a knight, Joseph is a knight, and Sofia is a knight.

(1) Amelia is a knight
(2) Harper is a knight
(3) David is a knight
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knave
(6) Emily is a knight
(7) Joseph is a knight
(8) Sofia is a knight

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knave then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is not a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knave then Joseph is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight or David is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave or Harper is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is not a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Isabella, Ella, David, Victoria, Sebastian, Henry, Avery, and Joseph. In Isabella's words: "Avery is not a knight". Ella remarked, "Joseph is a knight and Avery is a knave". "Joseph is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight," David mentioned. Victoria said, "Sebastian is a knave if and only if Avery is a knave." In Sebastian's words: "Joseph is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight". Henry commented, "Sebastian is a knight and Joseph is a knave". "David is a knight," Avery claimed. Joseph said that David is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella Ella David Victoria Sebastian Henry Avery Joseph

Isabella is a knight, Ella is a knave, David is a knave, Victoria is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, Henry is a knight, Avery is a knave, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) Isabella is a knight
(2) Ella is a knave
(3) David is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knave
(5) Sebastian is a knight
(6) Henry is a knight
(7) Avery is a knave
(8) Joseph is a knave

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is not a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Avery is not a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that David is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Joseph is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knight and Avery is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight and Avery is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Avery is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Avery is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Joseph is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Avery is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight and Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Victoria, Matthew, Samuel, Olivia, Oliver, Mia, Joseph, and Chloe. Victoria was heard saying, "Chloe is a knight". "Chloe is a knave and Olivia is a knave," Matthew mentioned. "Oliver is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave," Samuel declared. Olivia was heard saying, "Oliver is a knight". "Samuel is a knave and Samuel is a knight," Oliver declared. Mia was heard saying, "Mia is a knight and Chloe is a knave". "Oliver is a knight or Olivia is a knight" - Joseph. Chloe stated, "Samuel is a knave or Olivia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria Matthew Samuel Olivia Oliver Mia Joseph Chloe

Victoria is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Mia is a knave, Joseph is a knave, and Chloe is a knight.

(1) Victoria is a knight
(2) Matthew is a knave
(3) Samuel is a knight
(4) Olivia is a knave
(5) Oliver is a knave
(6) Mia is a knave
(7) Joseph is a knave
(8) Chloe is a knight

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave or Olivia is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knave and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave and Samuel is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Oliver is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight or Olivia is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave and Olivia is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave and Olivia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and Chloe is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sofia, Henry, Ava, Victoria, Abigail, Avery, Jacob, and Charlotte. Sofia asserted: "Victoria is a knave". "Victoria is not a knave," Henry claimed. "Abigail is a knave" - Ava. Victoria stated, "If Avery is a knave then Charlotte is a knave". Abigail said, "Victoria is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight." "Charlotte is a knave or Abigail is a knight," Avery declared. Jacob was heard saying, "Ava is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave". Charlotte said, "Victoria is not a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia Henry Ava Victoria Abigail Avery Jacob Charlotte

Sofia is a knave, Henry is a knight, Ava is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Avery is a knight, Jacob is a knave, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Sofia is a knave
(2) Henry is a knight
(3) Ava is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knight
(5) Abigail is a knight
(6) Avery is a knight
(7) Jacob is a knave
(8) Charlotte is a knight

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Avery is a knave then Charlotte is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that If Avery is a knave then Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is not a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that If Avery is a knave then Charlotte is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, Avery, and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Avery is a knave then Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Michael, Sophia, Victoria, Owen, David, Henry, Avery, and Evelyn. "Victoria is a knave," Michael mentioned. "Victoria is a knight" - Sophia. Victoria was heard saying, "If Owen is a knight then Henry is a knight". Owen asserted: "Sophia is a knave". David stated, "Owen is a knave and Michael is a knave". Henry said that Owen is not a knave. Avery told you that Victoria is a knave or Victoria is a knight. Evelyn remarked, "If Owen is a knight then Henry is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael Sophia Victoria Owen David Henry Avery Evelyn

Michael is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Owen is a knave, David is a knight, Henry is a knave, Avery is a knight, and Evelyn is a knight.

(1) Michael is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Owen is a knave
(5) David is a knight
(6) Henry is a knave
(7) Avery is a knight
(8) Evelyn is a knight

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knight then Henry is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that If Owen is a knight then Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Owen is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that If Owen is a knight then Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knight then Henry is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is not a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave and Michael is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave or Victoria is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knight then Henry is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lucas, Zoey, Grace, Jacob, Luke, Liam, Lily, and Oliver. Lucas told you that Jacob is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave. Zoey stated, "Luke is a knave or Lucas is a knave". Grace told you that Jacob is a knight. Jacob noted, "Lucas is a knave". Luke remarked, "Oliver is a knave". "Luke is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight" - Liam. According to Lily, "Grace is a knave and Liam is a knight". "If Lucas is a knight then Zoey is a knave" - Oliver. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas Zoey Grace Jacob Luke Liam Lily Oliver

Lucas is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Grace is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Luke is a knave, Liam is a knave, Lily is a knave, and Oliver is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knave
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Jacob is a knight
(5) Luke is a knave
(6) Liam is a knave
(7) Lily is a knave
(8) Oliver is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knight then Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that If Lucas is a knight then Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave or Lucas is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Luke is a knave or Lucas is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Jacob is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver and Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave or Lucas is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Luke is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Luke is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave and Liam is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Avery, Harper, Luke, Jacob, Aiden, Samuel, and Jack. Elizabeth said, "Luke is a knight and Samuel is a knight." According to Avery, "Elizabeth is a knight". Harper was heard saying, "Samuel is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight". In a statement by Luke: "Samuel is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave". Jacob commented, "Samuel is a knight or Luke is a knave". Aiden remarked, "If Luke is a knight then Harper is a knight". Samuel said, "Luke is a knight." Jack asserted: "If Jacob is a knave then Aiden is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth Avery Harper Luke Jacob Aiden Samuel Jack

Elizabeth is a knave, Avery is a knave, Harper is a knight, Luke is a knave, Jacob is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Samuel is a knave, and Jack is a knight.

(1) Elizabeth is a knave
(2) Avery is a knave
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Luke is a knave
(5) Jacob is a knight
(6) Aiden is a knight
(7) Samuel is a knave
(8) Jack is a knight

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Luke is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight or Luke is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Harper is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jacob is a knave then Aiden is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('telling-truth', 0), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 6), ('lying', 6)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 6), ('lying', 3)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('->', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 5)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Harper, Charlotte, Penelope, Sofia, Jack, Chloe, Alexander, and Evelyn. Harper was heard saying, "Charlotte is a knave and Sofia is a knave". Charlotte told you that Jack is a knight and Alexander is a knight. "Chloe is a knave and Jack is a knight," Penelope claimed. In a statement by Sofia: "Alexander is not a knave". "If Harper is a knave then Charlotte is a knight" - Jack. Chloe was heard saying, "Sofia is a knave and Jack is a knave". According to Alexander, "Harper is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight". "Jack is a knight and Sofia is a knight," Evelyn claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper Charlotte Penelope Sofia Jack Chloe Alexander Evelyn

Harper is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Jack is a knight, Chloe is a knave, Alexander is a knave, and Evelyn is a knave.

(1) Harper is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) Penelope is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knave
(5) Jack is a knight
(6) Chloe is a knave
(7) Alexander is a knave
(8) Evelyn is a knave

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Charlotte is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Jack is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Charlotte is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Chloe is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knight and Sofia is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight and Sofia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ethan, Alexander, Benjamin, Luke, Aria, Olivia, Isabella, and Zoey. Ethan commented, "Aria is a knight and Olivia is a knave". Alexander asserted: "Benjamin is not a knight". According to Benjamin, "Isabella is a knight and Olivia is a knight". According to Luke, "Aria is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave". According to Aria, "If Ethan is a knave then Olivia is a knave". Olivia commented, "Benjamin is a knight and Alexander is a knight". Isabella asserted: "Alexander is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight". "If Alexander is a knight then Isabella is a knight" - Zoey. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan Alexander Benjamin Luke Aria Olivia Isabella Zoey

Ethan is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Luke is a knight, Aria is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Isabella is a knight, and Zoey is a knight.

(1) Ethan is a knight
(2) Alexander is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knave
(4) Luke is a knight
(5) Aria is a knight
(6) Olivia is a knave
(7) Isabella is a knight
(8) Zoey is a knight

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight and Olivia is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knave then Olivia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Aria is a knight and Olivia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight and Olivia is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight and Olivia is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is not a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Isabella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ava, Ella, Sebastian, Matthew, Zoey, Joseph, Luke, and Olivia. Ava said that Zoey is a knight. Ella said that Ava is a knave or Zoey is a knight. Sebastian stated, "Ella is a knight and Ella is a knave". In a statement by Matthew: "Olivia is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight". Zoey was heard saying, "If Sebastian is a knight then Ella is a knave". Joseph commented, "Matthew is not a knight". Luke commented, "Ava is not a knight". According to Olivia, "Luke is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava Ella Sebastian Matthew Zoey Joseph Luke Olivia

Ava is a knight, Ella is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Matthew is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Luke is a knave, and Olivia is a knave.

(1) Ava is a knight
(2) Ella is a knight
(3) Sebastian is a knave
(4) Matthew is a knave
(5) Zoey is a knight
(6) Joseph is a knight
(7) Luke is a knave
(8) Olivia is a knave

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Ella is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is a knight and Ella is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight and Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Olivia is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Luke is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is not a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Olivia is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke and Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that Olivia is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that Olivia is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is not a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, Emma, Logan, Matthew, Mason, Grace, Amelia, and Oliver. Jack expressed that Emma is not a knight. "If Matthew is a knight then Amelia is a knight," Emma claimed. Logan commented, "Oliver is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave". According to Matthew, "If Grace is a knave then Jack is a knave". Mason said that Oliver is a knight. "Emma is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight" - Grace. In a statement by Amelia: "If Grace is a knight then Matthew is a knight". Oliver expressed that Matthew is a knight and Grace is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack Emma Logan Matthew Mason Grace Amelia Oliver

Jack is a knave, Emma is a knight, Logan is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Mason is a knight, Grace is a knave, Amelia is a knight, and Oliver is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Mason is a knight
(6) Grace is a knave
(7) Amelia is a knight
(8) Oliver is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Emma is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Matthew is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knave then Jack is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that If Matthew is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Emma is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that If Grace is a knave then Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that If Matthew is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Emma is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that If Matthew is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knight then Matthew is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Luke, Avery, Samuel, Ella, Matthew, Penelope, Evelyn, and Noah. As Luke put it, "If Noah is a knave then Samuel is a knave". Avery expressed that Evelyn is a knight and Matthew is a knight. Samuel was heard saying, "If Samuel is a knight then Noah is a knight". "Evelyn is a knight or Evelyn is a knave," Ella claimed. "Penelope is a knave" - Matthew. Penelope remarked, "Luke is a knight or Avery is a knave". "Avery is a knight or Penelope is a knave," Evelyn declared. "If Avery is a knave then Samuel is a knight," Noah declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke Avery Samuel Ella Matthew Penelope Evelyn Noah

Luke is a knight, Avery is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Ella is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, and Noah is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Avery is a knave
(3) Samuel is a knight
(4) Ella is a knight
(5) Matthew is a knave
(6) Penelope is a knight
(7) Evelyn is a knave
(8) Noah is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knave then Samuel is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Avery is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight and Matthew is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight or Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight or Avery is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Evelyn is a knight and Matthew is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Luke is a knight or Avery is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Evelyn is a knight and Matthew is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight and Matthew is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Avery is a knight or Penelope is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight or Penelope is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knight then Noah is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight or Evelyn is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Benjamin, Jackson, Sebastian, James, Scarlett, Sofia, Victoria, and Noah. Benjamin expressed that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knight. Jackson commented, "Sebastian is a knight if and only if James is a knave". Sebastian stated, "Scarlett is a knave or Jackson is a knave". James asserted: "Sebastian is a knave or Victoria is a knight". Scarlett asserted: "Victoria is not a knight". Sofia noted, "Jackson is not a knave". Victoria was heard saying, "James is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight". In a statement by Noah: "Sofia is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin Jackson Sebastian James Scarlett Sofia Victoria Noah

Benjamin is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, James is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Sofia is a knave, Victoria is a knight, and Noah is a knight.

(1) Benjamin is a knave
(2) Jackson is a knave
(3) Sebastian is a knight
(4) James is a knight
(5) Scarlett is a knave
(6) Sofia is a knave
(7) Victoria is a knight
(8) Noah is a knight

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave or Jackson is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knave or Victoria is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that James is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that James is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sebastian is a knave or Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Victoria is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave or Victoria is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Scarlett is a knave or Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sebastian is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, James, and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave or Victoria is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is not a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lucas, Benjamin, Olivia, William, Chloe, Abigail, Joseph, and Ethan. Lucas said that Joseph is a knave and Olivia is a knight. "Olivia is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave," Benjamin declared. Olivia remarked, "If Ethan is a knight then Benjamin is a knight". "Abigail is a knave or Chloe is a knave," William claimed. "William is a knight," Chloe mentioned. Abigail remarked, "Lucas is a knight or Benjamin is a knight". As Joseph put it, "Olivia is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight". "If William is a knight then Abigail is a knight," Ethan claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas Benjamin Olivia William Chloe Abigail Joseph Ethan

Lucas is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Olivia is a knight, William is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Abigail is a knave, Joseph is a knight, and Ethan is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knave
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Olivia is a knight
(4) William is a knight
(5) Chloe is a knight
(6) Abigail is a knave
(7) Joseph is a knight
(8) Ethan is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Joseph is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knight then Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave or Chloe is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight or Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Abigail is a knave or Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Olivia is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lucas is a knight or Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave or Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Abigail is a knave or Chloe is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Abigail is a knave or Chloe is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail and William, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If William is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that If William is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that If William is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William and Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Joseph is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia and Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave and Olivia is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that If William is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight or Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Riley, Oliver, Sophia, Victoria, Matthew, Michael, Ella, and Lucas. Riley was heard saying, "Victoria is a knave". Oliver noted, "Sophia is a knave or Lucas is a knave". "Riley is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight," Sophia mentioned. "Matthew is a knight," Victoria declared. Matthew expressed that Riley is a knight or Sophia is a knave. Michael said that Matthew is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight. Ella expressed that If Michael is a knight then Sophia is a knight. "Ella is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave" - Lucas. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley Oliver Sophia Victoria Matthew Michael Ella Lucas

Riley is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Sophia is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Michael is a knight, Ella is a knave, and Lucas is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Oliver is a knight
(3) Sophia is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knight
(5) Matthew is a knight
(6) Michael is a knight
(7) Ella is a knave
(8) Lucas is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Riley is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Riley is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Riley is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Michael is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave or Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.