A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aiden, Henry, Sofia, Mason, Abigail, Logan, Olivia, and Aurora. In a statement by Aiden: "Henry is a knight and Logan is a knave". Henry stated, "Aiden is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knave". Sofia noted, "Aiden is a knave if and only if Henry is a knave". "If Aurora is a knight then Abigail is a knave" - Mason. "Aurora is a knave and Aurora is a knight," Abigail mentioned. Logan stated, "Sofia is a knight and Aiden is a knave". According to Olivia, "If Henry is a knave then Mason is a knave". "Olivia is a knight and Logan is a knave," Aurora declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden Henry Sofia Mason Abigail Logan Olivia Aurora

Aiden is a knight, Henry is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Mason is a knight, Abigail is a knave, Logan is a knave, Olivia is a knight, and Aurora is a knight.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Henry is a knight
(3) Sofia is a knight
(4) Mason is a knight
(5) Abigail is a knave
(6) Logan is a knave
(7) Olivia is a knight
(8) Aurora is a knight

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight and Logan is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knave then Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knight then Abigail is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight and Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Henry is a knight and Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Aiden is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Henry is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that If Aurora is a knight then Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave and Aurora is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Henry, Sebastian, Olivia, Joseph, Penelope, William, Emily, and Chloe. As Henry put it, "If Olivia is a knave then Penelope is a knave". Sebastian said, "Henry is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave." Olivia said that Chloe is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight. Joseph asserted: "Sebastian is a knave or Joseph is a knight". As Penelope put it, "Sebastian is a knight or William is a knight". William said that Chloe is not a knight. As Emily put it, "If Emily is a knight then Olivia is a knight". Chloe noted, "If William is a knight then Olivia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry Sebastian Olivia Joseph Penelope William Emily Chloe

Henry is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Olivia is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Penelope is a knave, William is a knave, Emily is a knight, and Chloe is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knave
(3) Olivia is a knight
(4) Joseph is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knave
(6) William is a knave
(7) Emily is a knight
(8) Chloe is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knave then Penelope is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is not a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is not a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Chloe is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that Henry is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight or William is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave or Joseph is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Olivia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: William, Samuel, Mason, Lily, Ava, Chloe, Owen, and Sofia. William stated, "Sofia is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight". "Mason is a knight and Chloe is a knight," Samuel claimed. "William is not a knave," Mason mentioned. Lily remarked, "If William is a knave then Ava is a knave". Ava stated, "Sofia is a knight and Samuel is a knight". Chloe noted, "Owen is a knight". Owen stated, "Lily is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight". Sofia said that Samuel is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William Samuel Mason Lily Ava Chloe Owen Sofia

William is a knave, Samuel is a knave, Mason is a knave, Lily is a knight, Ava is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Owen is a knave, and Sofia is a knight.

(1) William is a knave
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Lily is a knight
(5) Ava is a knave
(6) Chloe is a knave
(7) Owen is a knave
(8) Sofia is a knight

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is not a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Mason is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that Sofia is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that William is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason and Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Sofia is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Mason is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Mason is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Samuel is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Sofia is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knave then Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that If William is a knave then Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Samuel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sophia, Samuel, Lucas, Jacob, David, Ethan, Grace, and Aiden. Sophia commented, "Lucas is a knight and David is a knight". Samuel commented, "Aiden is a knave or Jacob is a knave". Lucas expressed that Ethan is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight. In a statement by Jacob: "If Samuel is a knight then Grace is a knave". David told you that Grace is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave. Ethan noted, "Sophia is a knave". "Sophia is a knight," Grace claimed. "Sophia is not a knave," Aiden declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia Samuel Lucas Jacob David Ethan Grace Aiden

Sophia is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Jacob is a knight, David is a knave, Ethan is a knight, Grace is a knave, and Aiden is a knave.

(1) Sophia is a knave
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knave
(4) Jacob is a knight
(5) David is a knave
(6) Ethan is a knight
(7) Grace is a knave
(8) Aiden is a knave

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight and David is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Lucas is a knight and David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight and David is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Grace is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Grace is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave or Jacob is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is not a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is not a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knight then Grace is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Evelyn, Scarlett, Mia, Matthew, Aurora, Jack, Penelope, and Riley. "If Riley is a knave then Penelope is a knave," Evelyn mentioned. In Scarlett's words: "Evelyn is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knave". "Aurora is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight" - Mia. According to Matthew, "If Matthew is a knight then Aurora is a knight". Aurora said, "Matthew is a knight." In Jack's words: "Scarlett is not a knight". Penelope said, "Mia is a knight." Riley stated, "Scarlett is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn Scarlett Mia Matthew Aurora Jack Penelope Riley

Evelyn is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Mia is a knave, Matthew is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Jack is a knight, Penelope is a knave, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knave
(3) Mia is a knave
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knight
(6) Jack is a knight
(7) Penelope is a knave
(8) Riley is a knight

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knave then Penelope is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Aurora is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Scarlett is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Matthew is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Matthew is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew and Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, Grace, Mason, Aiden, Noah, Harper, Ella, and Abigail. Jack said, "Noah is a knave." In a statement by Grace: "Ella is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave". Mason commented, "Mason is a knight and Noah is a knight". "Mason is a knight or Grace is a knight," Aiden claimed. Noah told you that Mason is a knave. Harper asserted: "If Grace is a knight then Jack is a knave". Ella was heard saying, "Harper is a knave". Abigail said that Jack is a knight and Mason is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack Grace Mason Aiden Noah Harper Ella Abigail

Jack is a knave, Grace is a knight, Mason is a knave, Aiden is a knight, Noah is a knight, Harper is a knight, Ella is a knave, and Abigail is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Grace is a knight
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Aiden is a knight
(5) Noah is a knight
(6) Harper is a knight
(7) Ella is a knave
(8) Abigail is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight and Noah is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Mason is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason and Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and Noah is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Ella is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knight then Jack is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight or Grace is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight and Mason is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: James, Jackson, Ella, William, Chloe, Noah, Samuel, and Alexander. James stated, "Samuel is a knight or Chloe is a knight". As Jackson put it, "Noah is a knave or James is a knight". Ella commented, "Noah is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight". William said that Samuel is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight. Chloe said, "Noah is a knave or Noah is a knight." Noah said that James is a knave or William is a knave. In Samuel's words: "If William is a knight then William is a knave". Alexander told you that Samuel is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James Jackson Ella William Chloe Noah Samuel Alexander

James is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Ella is a knave, William is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Noah is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Alexander is a knave.

(1) James is a knight
(2) Jackson is a knight
(3) Ella is a knave
(4) William is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knight
(6) Noah is a knight
(7) Samuel is a knight
(8) Alexander is a knave

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knight then William is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that If William is a knight then William is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Samuel is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or William is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave or James is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave or Noah is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: William, Jacob, Mia, Ella, Amelia, Samuel, Sofia, and Mason. William commented, "If Amelia is a knight then Ella is a knave". Jacob remarked, "William is a knight". "Jacob is a knave or Mason is a knave," Mia mentioned. Ella expressed that If Amelia is a knight then Sofia is a knave. "Jacob is a knave if and only if William is a knight," Amelia declared. Samuel noted, "Jacob is a knight". According to Sofia, "William is a knight and Ella is a knave". "William is a knight or Amelia is a knight," Mason claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William Jacob Mia Ella Amelia Samuel Sofia Mason

William is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Mia is a knave, Ella is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Sofia is a knave, and Mason is a knight.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Mia is a knave
(4) Ella is a knight
(5) Amelia is a knave
(6) Samuel is a knight
(7) Sofia is a knave
(8) Mason is a knight

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knight then Ella is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if William is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Jacob is a knave if and only if William is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if William is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knight then Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knight and Ella is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight and Ella is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave or Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Jacob is a knave or Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that William is a knight or Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave or Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight or Amelia is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Grace, Noah, Isabella, Amelia, Michael, Samuel, Emma, and Sofia. Grace asserted: "Emma is a knight". "Grace is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knave," Noah declared. Isabella expressed that Grace is a knight or Emma is a knave. Amelia said that Emma is a knight and Samuel is a knave. Michael asserted: "Isabella is a knave". Samuel was heard saying, "Emma is a knight or Grace is a knight". "If Amelia is a knave then Isabella is a knave" - Emma. Sofia expressed that Noah is a knave or Michael is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace Noah Isabella Amelia Michael Samuel Emma Sofia

Grace is a knave, Noah is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Michael is a knave, Samuel is a knave, Emma is a knave, and Sofia is a knave.

(1) Grace is a knave
(2) Noah is a knight
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) Amelia is a knave
(5) Michael is a knave
(6) Samuel is a knave
(7) Emma is a knave
(8) Sofia is a knave

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knave then Isabella is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Emma is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emma is a knight or Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight or Grace is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that If Amelia is a knave then Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Grace is a knight or Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Emma is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Amelia is a knave then Isabella is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight or Grace is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight or Grace is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight or Emma is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is a knave or Michael is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave or Michael is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Alexander, Victoria, Amelia, Evelyn, Samuel, Isabella, Jack, and Ava. Alexander told you that If Evelyn is a knave then Isabella is a knave. "Evelyn is a knave" - Victoria. "Jack is a knight," Amelia claimed. "Alexander is a knight and Samuel is a knave," Evelyn declared. Samuel remarked, "Amelia is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knave". Isabella expressed that Jack is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knave. Jack expressed that Isabella is not a knave. Ava said that Jack is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander Victoria Amelia Evelyn Samuel Isabella Jack Ava

Alexander is a knight, Victoria is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Jack is a knave, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Alexander is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knave
(3) Amelia is a knave
(4) Evelyn is a knight
(5) Samuel is a knave
(6) Isabella is a knave
(7) Jack is a knave
(8) Ava is a knight

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knave then Isabella is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Alexander is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is not a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Amelia is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jack is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is not a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Penelope, Liam, Benjamin, Matthew, William, Isabella, Ella, and Ava. Penelope commented, "Isabella is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight". Liam commented, "Benjamin is a knight or Matthew is a knave". According to Benjamin, "If Penelope is a knight then Ava is a knave". In a statement by Matthew: "Matthew is a knight or Ava is a knight". William said, "Penelope is not a knave." "Ella is a knave and Benjamin is a knight," Isabella declared. "Matthew is a knight," Ella mentioned. "Ava is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight" - Ava. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope Liam Benjamin Matthew William Isabella Ella Ava

Penelope is a knave, Liam is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Matthew is a knave, William is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Ella is a knave, and Ava is a knave.

(1) Penelope is a knave
(2) Liam is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knave
(5) William is a knave
(6) Isabella is a knight
(7) Ella is a knave
(8) Ava is a knave

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave and Benjamin is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Ella is a knave and Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight or Ava is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that Matthew is a knight or Ava is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Penelope is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight or Matthew is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is not a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Charlotte, Grace, Ava, Logan, Evelyn, Henry, Riley, and Aria. Charlotte asserted: "Evelyn is a knave". "Henry is a knave or Evelyn is a knight," Grace declared. Ava noted, "Grace is a knight if and only if Henry is a knight". Logan stated, "Riley is a knight". "If Grace is a knave then Aria is a knave," Evelyn declared. "Ava is not a knave," Henry claimed. "If Riley is a knight then Henry is a knight," Riley declared. Aria stated, "Riley is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte Grace Ava Logan Evelyn Henry Riley Aria

Charlotte is a knave, Grace is a knight, Ava is a knight, Logan is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Henry is a knight, Riley is a knight, and Aria is a knave.

(1) Charlotte is a knave
(2) Grace is a knight
(3) Ava is a knight
(4) Logan is a knight
(5) Evelyn is a knight
(6) Henry is a knight
(7) Riley is a knight
(8) Aria is a knave

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Grace is a knave then Aria is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that If Grace is a knave then Aria is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is not a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knight if and only if Henry is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Ava is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Henry is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, Grace, and Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knave then Aria is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Henry is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Riley is not a knight.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Riley is a knight then Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knight then Henry is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Riley, Olivia, Zoey, Luke, Daniel, Avery, Emma, and Michael. "Olivia is a knave or Olivia is a knight," Riley declared. "Emma is not a knight" - Olivia. According to Zoey, "Emma is a knave if and only if Michael is a knave". In Luke's words: "Olivia is not a knave". "Riley is not a knight" - Daniel. Avery noted, "Olivia is a knight or Luke is a knave". In Emma's words: "Olivia is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knave". Michael noted, "Zoey is a knave or Emma is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley Olivia Zoey Luke Daniel Avery Emma Michael

Riley is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Luke is a knight, Daniel is a knave, Avery is a knight, Emma is a knave, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Zoey is a knave
(4) Luke is a knight
(5) Daniel is a knave
(6) Avery is a knight
(7) Emma is a knave
(8) Michael is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave or Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Emma is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Olivia is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is not a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight or Luke is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aurora, Samuel, Elizabeth, Alexander, Oliver, Isabella, James, and Riley. Aurora was heard saying, "Isabella is a knave if and only if James is a knight". Samuel was heard saying, "Alexander is not a knave". "Aurora is a knave" - Elizabeth. Alexander commented, "Samuel is a knave or James is a knight". "Riley is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave," Oliver claimed. Isabella remarked, "If James is a knight then Samuel is a knight". James said that Riley is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight. In Riley's words: "James is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora Samuel Elizabeth Alexander Oliver Isabella James Riley

Aurora is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Isabella is a knight, James is a knight, and Riley is a knave.

(1) Aurora is a knave
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Elizabeth is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knight
(5) Oliver is a knight
(6) Isabella is a knight
(7) James is a knight
(8) Riley is a knave

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if James is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knight then Samuel is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Isabella is a knave if and only if James is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Riley is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley and James, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If James is a knight then Samuel is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is not a knight.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Riley is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Isabella is a knave if and only if James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if James is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Riley is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave or James is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ella, Joseph, Samuel, Emma, Henry, James, William, and Penelope. Ella told you that Ella is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave. Joseph noted, "William is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight". "James is a knave and Henry is a knave," Samuel declared. "If William is a knight then Penelope is a knight," Emma mentioned. Henry expressed that If Emma is a knave then Ella is a knight. James asserted: "If William is a knight then Ella is a knight". William said, "Penelope is a knave and Joseph is a knight." "James is a knave and Joseph is a knave" - Penelope. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella Joseph Samuel Emma Henry James William Penelope

Ella is a knave, Joseph is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Emma is a knave, Henry is a knave, James is a knave, William is a knight, and Penelope is a knave.

(1) Ella is a knave
(2) Joseph is a knight
(3) Samuel is a knight
(4) Emma is a knave
(5) Henry is a knave
(6) James is a knave
(7) William is a knight
(8) Penelope is a knave

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Ella is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave and Joseph is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knight then Ella is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knave and Henry is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that William is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that Penelope is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Penelope is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that William is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, Joseph, and William, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If William is a knight then Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Ella is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that If William is a knight then Ella is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If William is a knight then Ella is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave and Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that James is a knave and Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emma is a knave then Ella is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If William is a knight then Penelope is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If William is a knight then Penelope is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Isabella, Henry, Lily, Mason, Michael, Jackson, Victoria, and Aria. "Jackson is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight" - Isabella. Henry commented, "Jackson is a knight and Mason is a knave". "Lily is a knight or Aria is a knight" - Lily. Mason said that Michael is a knave or Jackson is a knave. "Jackson is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight," Michael claimed. Jackson asserted: "If Victoria is a knight then Henry is a knave". In a statement by Victoria: "Lily is a knight". "Michael is a knave," Aria mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella Henry Lily Mason Michael Jackson Victoria Aria

Isabella is a knight, Henry is a knave, Lily is a knight, Mason is a knight, Michael is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Victoria is a knight, and Aria is a knight.

(1) Isabella is a knight
(2) Henry is a knave
(3) Lily is a knight
(4) Mason is a knight
(5) Michael is a knave
(6) Jackson is a knight
(7) Victoria is a knight
(8) Aria is a knight

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight or Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Jackson is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that If Victoria is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight and Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Jackson is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Benjamin, Isabella, Oliver, Noah, Henry, James, Grace, and Olivia. Benjamin told you that If James is a knave then Isabella is a knave. Isabella stated, "Olivia is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knight". Oliver remarked, "If Olivia is a knight then James is a knave". Noah asserted: "Oliver is a knave". "James is a knave," Henry mentioned. James noted, "James is a knight if and only if Grace is a knight". In Grace's words: "If Grace is a knight then Noah is a knight". As Olivia put it, "Grace is a knight and Henry is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin Isabella Oliver Noah Henry James Grace Olivia

Benjamin is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Noah is a knight, Henry is a knave, James is a knight, Grace is a knight, and Olivia is a knight.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knave
(4) Noah is a knight
(5) Henry is a knave
(6) James is a knight
(7) Grace is a knight
(8) Olivia is a knight

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knave then Isabella is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight if and only if Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knight then Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Olivia is a knight then James is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight and Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Avery, Olivia, Jackson, Lily, Ava, William, Noah, and Riley. Avery noted, "Jackson is a knave or Ava is a knave". "Riley is a knave" - Olivia. "Avery is a knave," Jackson declared. "Riley is a knight and William is a knight," Lily declared. "William is not a knight," Ava mentioned. "Riley is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight," William declared. Noah said, "If Noah is a knight then Avery is a knave." Riley noted, "Noah is a knight or Avery is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery Olivia Jackson Lily Ava William Noah Riley

Avery is a knave, Olivia is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Lily is a knave, Ava is a knight, William is a knave, Noah is a knight, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Avery is a knave
(2) Olivia is a knave
(3) Jackson is a knight
(4) Lily is a knave
(5) Ava is a knight
(6) William is a knave
(7) Noah is a knight
(8) Riley is a knight

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave or Ava is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is not a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that William is not a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight or Avery is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Noah is a knight then Avery is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Noah is a knight then Avery is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Noah is a knight or Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley and William, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that William is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, Ava, and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave or Ava is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knight then Avery is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knight and William is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight and William is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jackson, Charlotte, Avery, Sophia, Joseph, Samuel, Noah, and Grace. Jackson expressed that Charlotte is a knight or Grace is a knight. "Noah is a knave and Sophia is a knight," Charlotte declared. Avery said, "Sophia is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight." Sophia told you that Avery is not a knave. In a statement by Joseph: "Samuel is a knave". Samuel said that If Samuel is a knight then Avery is a knight. Noah asserted: "Grace is a knave or Samuel is a knight". Grace asserted: "If Joseph is a knight then Sophia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson Charlotte Avery Sophia Joseph Samuel Noah Grace

Jackson is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Avery is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Noah is a knight, and Grace is a knight.

(1) Jackson is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) Avery is a knight
(4) Sophia is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knave
(6) Samuel is a knight
(7) Noah is a knight
(8) Grace is a knight

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight or Grace is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Noah is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave or Samuel is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Samuel is a knight then Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Grace is a knave or Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Samuel is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Grace is a knave or Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace and Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave or Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knight then Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Abigail, Harper, Liam, Riley, Aiden, Victoria, Henry, and Mia. Abigail noted, "Henry is a knight". Harper told you that Abigail is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight. According to Liam, "Harper is a knight and Victoria is a knight". According to Riley, "If Victoria is a knave then Victoria is a knight". Aiden expressed that Abigail is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight. "If Mia is a knave then Henry is a knave" - Victoria. Henry stated, "Aiden is a knight and Victoria is a knight". Mia asserted: "Riley is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail Harper Liam Riley Aiden Victoria Henry Mia

Abigail is a knave, Harper is a knave, Liam is a knave, Riley is a knight, Aiden is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Henry is a knave, and Mia is a knave.

(1) Abigail is a knave
(2) Harper is a knave
(3) Liam is a knave
(4) Riley is a knight
(5) Aiden is a knave
(6) Victoria is a knight
(7) Henry is a knave
(8) Mia is a knave

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Abigail is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knave then Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Mia is a knave then Henry is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that If Victoria is a knave then Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Riley is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley and Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Aiden is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Henry is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Victoria is a knave then Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that If Victoria is a knave then Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Mia is a knave then Henry is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria and Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Abigail is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Abigail is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Henry is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight and Victoria is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emma, Samuel, Riley, Oliver, Michael, Henry, Aurora, and Alexander. As Emma put it, "Alexander is not a knight". In Samuel's words: "Alexander is a knave or Oliver is a knight". Riley commented, "Alexander is a knight and Henry is a knight". Oliver told you that If Riley is a knave then Oliver is a knight. In Michael's words: "Henry is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight". Henry said, "Michael is a knight and Aurora is a knave." Aurora said that Aurora is a knight. Alexander stated, "Henry is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma Samuel Riley Oliver Michael Henry Aurora Alexander

Emma is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Riley is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Michael is a knight, Henry is a knight, Aurora is a knave, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Riley is a knight
(4) Oliver is a knight
(5) Michael is a knight
(6) Henry is a knight
(7) Aurora is a knave
(8) Alexander is a knight

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Michael is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Henry is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Alexander is a knave or Oliver is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Michael is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight and Aurora is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Henry is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, Henry, and Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave or Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knave then Oliver is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight and Henry is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Joseph, Logan, Mason, Benjamin, Elizabeth, Alexander, Isabella, and Owen. Joseph said that If Benjamin is a knight then Alexander is a knave. According to Logan, "Benjamin is not a knave". "Joseph is a knave," Mason claimed. In a statement by Benjamin: "Logan is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight". Elizabeth told you that Mason is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight. Alexander expressed that Mason is not a knave. "Alexander is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave," Isabella declared. Owen stated, "Isabella is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph Logan Mason Benjamin Elizabeth Alexander Isabella Owen

Joseph is a knight, Logan is a knave, Mason is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Alexander is a knave, Isabella is a knave, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Logan is a knave
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Benjamin is a knave
(5) Elizabeth is a knave
(6) Alexander is a knave
(7) Isabella is a knave
(8) Owen is a knave

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knight then Alexander is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Logan is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Benjamin is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Mason is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Olivia, Ethan, Amelia, Ava, Scarlett, Matthew, Aria, and Isabella. In Olivia's words: "Scarlett is a knight or Scarlett is a knave". Ethan remarked, "Olivia is a knight". According to Amelia, "If Isabella is a knight then Amelia is a knight". Ava told you that Ethan is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knight. Scarlett was heard saying, "Ava is not a knight". "Ethan is not a knight," Matthew mentioned. Aria expressed that Scarlett is a knight or Scarlett is a knave. "Matthew is a knight and Scarlett is a knave" - Isabella. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia Ethan Amelia Ava Scarlett Matthew Aria Isabella

Olivia is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Ava is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Matthew is a knave, Aria is a knight, and Isabella is a knave.

(1) Olivia is a knight
(2) Ethan is a knight
(3) Amelia is a knight
(4) Ava is a knight
(5) Scarlett is a knave
(6) Matthew is a knave
(7) Aria is a knight
(8) Isabella is a knave

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight or Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is not a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Ava is not a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that Ethan is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Isabella is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that If Isabella is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan and Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is not a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is not a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Matthew is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is not a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight or Scarlett is a knave.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 4)), ('telling-truth', 0), ('->', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 4)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 5), ('lying', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: David, Michael, Ethan, Olivia, Sebastian, Abigail, Aiden, and Joseph. David was heard saying, "Michael is a knave or Michael is a knight". "David is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight," Michael declared. According to Ethan, "Abigail is a knave or Joseph is a knave". Olivia told you that If Ethan is a knave then David is a knave. "If Michael is a knight then David is a knight" - Sebastian. Abigail noted, "If Ethan is a knave then Sebastian is a knave". Aiden stated, "Sebastian is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knight". Joseph told you that Olivia is a knave and Ethan is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David Michael Ethan Olivia Sebastian Abigail Aiden Joseph

David is a knight, Michael is a knave, Ethan is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Aiden is a knight, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Michael is a knave
(3) Ethan is a knight
(4) Olivia is a knight
(5) Sebastian is a knight
(6) Abigail is a knight
(7) Aiden is a knight
(8) Joseph is a knave

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Olivia is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ethan is a knave then David is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that If Ethan is a knave then David is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knave then Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that If Ethan is a knave then Sebastian is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Michael is a knight then David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Abigail is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, Ethan, and Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that David is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that David is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knave then David is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knight then David is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, David, Aurora, Harper, Abigail, Oliver, Luke, and Noah. Jack noted, "Aurora is a knight and Luke is a knight". David stated, "Jack is a knight and Luke is a knight". Aurora told you that Aurora is a knight. Harper said that Luke is a knight and Noah is a knight. Abigail noted, "David is not a knave". As Oliver put it, "Luke is a knight and Aurora is a knight". "Harper is a knight if and only if Luke is a knight," Luke declared. "David is not a knave," Noah claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack David Aurora Harper Abigail Oliver Luke Noah

Jack is a knight, David is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Harper is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Luke is a knight, and Noah is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) David is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knight
(4) Harper is a knight
(5) Abigail is a knight
(6) Oliver is a knight
(7) Luke is a knight
(8) Noah is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Luke is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight and Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('telling-truth', 2), ('and', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('not', ('lying', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('not', ('lying', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Noah, Liam, Ethan, Evelyn, Luke, Chloe, Jack, and Mason. Noah stated, "Mason is a knight". In Liam's words: "Jack is a knave". Ethan commented, "Jack is a knave". In a statement by Evelyn: "Mason is not a knight". "Ethan is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave," Luke claimed. Chloe said, "Jack is a knight." Jack told you that Luke is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight. Mason remarked, "Evelyn is a knight or Evelyn is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah Liam Ethan Evelyn Luke Chloe Jack Mason

Noah is a knight, Liam is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Luke is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Jack is a knave, and Mason is a knight.

(1) Noah is a knight
(2) Liam is a knight
(3) Ethan is a knight
(4) Evelyn is a knave
(5) Luke is a knave
(6) Chloe is a knave
(7) Jack is a knave
(8) Mason is a knight

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight or Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Luke is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sebastian, Ethan, David, Ella, Mason, Elizabeth, Luke, and Oliver. Sebastian said, "Ella is a knave." Ethan said, "Luke is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight." According to David, "Mason is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight". Ella was heard saying, "Ethan is a knave if and only if David is a knave". Mason told you that Luke is a knave and David is a knave. "Sebastian is a knight and Oliver is a knight," Elizabeth claimed. Luke asserted: "Elizabeth is not a knight". Oliver stated, "Ethan is a knight and Sebastian is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian Ethan David Ella Mason Elizabeth Luke Oliver

Sebastian is a knight, Ethan is a knight, David is a knave, Ella is a knave, Mason is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Luke is a knight, and Oliver is a knave.

(1) Sebastian is a knight
(2) Ethan is a knight
(3) David is a knave
(4) Ella is a knave
(5) Mason is a knave
(6) Elizabeth is a knave
(7) Luke is a knight
(8) Oliver is a knave

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave if and only if David is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight and Oliver is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Sebastian is a knight and Oliver is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight and Sebastian is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knave and David is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave and David is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Logan, Jackson, Aurora, Amelia, Joseph, Luke, Matthew, and Avery. Logan noted, "Luke is a knight". In Jackson's words: "If Logan is a knight then Aurora is a knight". "Joseph is a knight or Aurora is a knight," Aurora declared. As Amelia put it, "Aurora is a knight and Jackson is a knight". Joseph said, "Luke is a knave and Jackson is a knight." Luke said, "Amelia is a knight." Matthew stated, "Aurora is not a knave". Avery was heard saying, "If Luke is a knave then Matthew is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan Jackson Aurora Amelia Joseph Luke Matthew Avery

Logan is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Luke is a knight, Matthew is a knight, and Avery is a knight.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Jackson is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knight
(4) Amelia is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knave
(6) Luke is a knight
(7) Matthew is a knight
(8) Avery is a knight

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight or Aurora is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is not a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knave then Matthew is a knave.

(('telling-truth', 5), ('->', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('lying', 5), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('not', ('lying', 2)), ('->', ('lying', 5), ('lying', 6)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Liam, David, Lucas, James, Noah, Emily, Alexander, and Olivia. Liam expressed that Olivia is a knave or James is a knave. In David's words: "Lucas is a knave or James is a knight". In a statement by Lucas: "Liam is a knight or Liam is a knave". James remarked, "Alexander is a knight". Noah said that Emily is a knave or Alexander is a knave. "Alexander is not a knight," Emily declared. In a statement by Alexander: "Lucas is not a knave". "Lucas is a knight or Liam is a knight" - Olivia. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam David Lucas James Noah Emily Alexander Olivia

Liam is a knave, David is a knight, Lucas is a knight, James is a knight, Noah is a knight, Emily is a knave, Alexander is a knight, and Olivia is a knight.

(1) Liam is a knave
(2) David is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knight
(4) James is a knight
(5) Noah is a knight
(6) Emily is a knave
(7) Alexander is a knight
(8) Olivia is a knight

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave or James is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight or Liam is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight or Liam is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Olivia is a knave or James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Alexander is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lucas is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander and James, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Liam is a knight or Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lucas is a knight or Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave or James is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or James is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave or Alexander is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Emily is a knave or Alexander is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Chloe, James, Sebastian, Aria, Benjamin, Sofia, Harper, and Joseph. Chloe expressed that Chloe is a knight or Joseph is a knight. James told you that If Benjamin is a knight then Sebastian is a knight. Sebastian remarked, "Sofia is a knight or Chloe is a knave". "Sebastian is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knight," Aria mentioned. Benjamin expressed that Harper is a knave and Joseph is a knave. In Sofia's words: "Chloe is not a knave". Harper said, "Joseph is a knight and James is a knight." According to Joseph, "If James is a knave then Chloe is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe James Sebastian Aria Benjamin Sofia Harper Joseph

Chloe is a knight, James is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Aria is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Harper is a knight, and Joseph is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) James is a knight
(3) Sebastian is a knight
(4) Aria is a knave
(5) Benjamin is a knave
(6) Sofia is a knight
(7) Harper is a knight
(8) Joseph is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knight then Sebastian is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knave and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight and James is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight or Chloe is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Samuel, Olivia, Mia, Liam, Amelia, Benjamin, Aria, and Matthew. Samuel commented, "Matthew is a knave". Olivia commented, "Amelia is a knight and Samuel is a knave". Mia was heard saying, "Amelia is a knave or Benjamin is a knave". Liam remarked, "If Olivia is a knight then Liam is a knight". "Aria is a knight" - Amelia. Benjamin said, "If Aria is a knave then Benjamin is a knight." Aria expressed that Liam is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave. Matthew remarked, "If Matthew is a knight then Samuel is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel Olivia Mia Liam Amelia Benjamin Aria Matthew

Samuel is a knave, Olivia is a knight, Mia is a knave, Liam is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Aria is a knight, and Matthew is a knight.

(1) Samuel is a knave
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Mia is a knave
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) Amelia is a knight
(6) Benjamin is a knight
(7) Aria is a knight
(8) Matthew is a knight

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Matthew is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Matthew is a knight then Samuel is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knight then Samuel is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight and Samuel is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knight then Liam is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave or Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Amelia is a knave or Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Aria is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave or Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.