A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, Ava, Aiden, Sophia, Aria, Isabella, Daniel, and Logan. According to Jack, "If Daniel is a knave then Aria is a knight". In Ava's words: "Ava is a knight or Aiden is a knight". "Jack is a knave or Isabella is a knight," Aiden declared. Sophia was heard saying, "Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knave". Aria noted, "Aiden is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave". Isabella asserted: "If Logan is a knight then Daniel is a knave". Daniel asserted: "Jack is a knight or Logan is a knight". Logan noted, "Sophia is a knight or Aiden is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack Ava Aiden Sophia Aria Isabella Daniel Logan

Jack is a knight, Ava is a knight, Aiden is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Aria is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Daniel is a knight, and Logan is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knave
(4) Sophia is a knight
(5) Aria is a knave
(6) Isabella is a knave
(7) Daniel is a knight
(8) Logan is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Aria is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight or Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight or Aiden is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave or Isabella is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Logan is a knight then Daniel is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Jack is a knave or Isabella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave or Isabella is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Jack is a knave or Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Logan is a knight then Daniel is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight or Aiden is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: David, Aria, Logan, Matthew, Alexander, Owen, Benjamin, and Emily. In David's words: "Benjamin is a knight or Matthew is a knight". Aria remarked, "Owen is a knave or Alexander is a knight". "David is not a knave," Logan declared. Matthew said, "Aria is a knight and Benjamin is a knave." Alexander said, "Benjamin is a knight and David is a knight." "Benjamin is a knight and David is a knight," Owen declared. Benjamin asserted: "Matthew is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave". Emily noted, "If Matthew is a knave then Alexander is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David Aria Logan Matthew Alexander Owen Benjamin Emily

David is a knight, Aria is a knight, Logan is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Owen is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, and Emily is a knave.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Aria is a knight
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knave
(5) Alexander is a knight
(6) Owen is a knight
(7) Benjamin is a knight
(8) Emily is a knave

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight or Matthew is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knight and Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight and Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight and David is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight and David is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Matthew is a knave then Alexander is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Matthew is a knave then Alexander is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mason, David, Avery, Isabella, Harper, Sophia, Oliver, and Joseph. Mason asserted: "If David is a knight then Joseph is a knight". As David put it, "Sophia is a knave". Avery expressed that Isabella is a knave and Joseph is a knave. Isabella asserted: "If Sophia is a knave then David is a knight". Harper said, "David is not a knight." Sophia told you that Mason is a knave and Isabella is a knave. Oliver noted, "If Sophia is a knight then Sophia is a knave". "Isabella is a knight or David is a knave," Joseph claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason David Avery Isabella Harper Sophia Oliver Joseph

Mason is a knight, David is a knight, Avery is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Harper is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Oliver is a knight, and Joseph is a knight.

(1) Mason is a knight
(2) David is a knight
(3) Avery is a knave
(4) Isabella is a knight
(5) Harper is a knave
(6) Sophia is a knave
(7) Oliver is a knight
(8) Joseph is a knight

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knight then Joseph is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave and Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knave then David is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight or David is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave and Joseph is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is not a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Sophia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: James, David, Harper, Matthew, Luke, Daniel, Avery, and Sofia. "Daniel is a knight," James declared. David told you that Sofia is a knave if and only if James is a knave. Harper remarked, "Daniel is not a knight". Matthew told you that If James is a knight then James is a knave. "If Sofia is a knight then Avery is a knave," Luke claimed. Daniel expressed that Sofia is a knave. According to Avery, "Harper is not a knight". Sofia expressed that Luke is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James David Harper Matthew Luke Daniel Avery Sofia

James is a knight, David is a knave, Harper is a knave, Matthew is a knave, Luke is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Avery is a knight, and Sofia is a knave.

(1) James is a knight
(2) David is a knave
(3) Harper is a knave
(4) Matthew is a knave
(5) Luke is a knight
(6) Daniel is a knight
(7) Avery is a knight
(8) Sofia is a knave

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knight then Avery is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is not a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knave if and only if James is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if James is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If James is a knight then James is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If James is a knight then James is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ella, Jacob, Matthew, Emma, Emily, Harper, Lily, and Avery. Ella noted, "Lily is a knight or Jacob is a knight". Jacob commented, "Emma is a knave or Harper is a knight". Matthew asserted: "Ella is a knight and Jacob is a knight". As Emma put it, "Lily is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight". In Emily's words: "Ella is not a knight". "Ella is not a knight" - Harper. Lily was heard saying, "If Emma is a knight then Emily is a knave". Avery noted, "Jacob is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella Jacob Matthew Emma Emily Harper Lily Avery

Ella is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Emma is a knave, Emily is a knave, Harper is a knave, Lily is a knight, and Avery is a knave.

(1) Ella is a knight
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Matthew is a knight
(4) Emma is a knave
(5) Emily is a knave
(6) Harper is a knave
(7) Lily is a knight
(8) Avery is a knave

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight or Jacob is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Emily is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is not a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave or Harper is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight and Jacob is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('<=>', ('lying', 6), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 4)), ('lying', 1))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Scarlett, Penelope, Luke, Sophia, Chloe, Daniel, Joseph, and Alexander. Scarlett said, "Scarlett is a knight and Chloe is a knave." Penelope told you that Alexander is a knight or Joseph is a knave. In Luke's words: "Scarlett is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight". Sophia told you that Alexander is a knight and Luke is a knight. As Chloe put it, "Scarlett is a knave or Scarlett is a knight". In a statement by Daniel: "If Daniel is a knight then Alexander is a knave". Joseph stated, "Sophia is a knight and Penelope is a knight". Alexander remarked, "Sophia is a knight or Luke is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett Penelope Luke Sophia Chloe Daniel Joseph Alexander

Scarlett is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Luke is a knight, Sophia is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Joseph is a knave, and Alexander is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Sophia is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knight
(6) Daniel is a knight
(7) Joseph is a knave
(8) Alexander is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Scarlett is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Scarlett is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Joseph is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight or Luke is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Alexander is a knight and Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Alexander is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight or Luke is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Alexander is a knight or Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight and Penelope is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knight then Alexander is a knave.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 4)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 7), ('lying', 6)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 5), ('lying', 7)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mason, Avery, Mia, Noah, Daniel, Oliver, Joseph, and Ella. According to Mason, "If Mia is a knight then Ella is a knave". In Avery's words: "Mason is a knave or Ella is a knight". As Mia put it, "Noah is a knight". In Noah's words: "Joseph is a knave and Noah is a knight". Daniel expressed that If Joseph is a knave then Oliver is a knave. In Oliver's words: "Ella is a knight". Joseph commented, "Daniel is a knight". "Mia is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knave," Ella claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason Avery Mia Noah Daniel Oliver Joseph Ella

Mason is a knave, Avery is a knight, Mia is a knight, Noah is a knight, Daniel is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Joseph is a knave, and Ella is a knight.

(1) Mason is a knave
(2) Avery is a knight
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) Noah is a knight
(5) Daniel is a knave
(6) Oliver is a knight
(7) Joseph is a knave
(8) Ella is a knight

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knight then Ella is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave and Noah is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Joseph is a knave and Noah is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Joseph is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that If Mia is a knight then Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that If Joseph is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, Daniel, and Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave and Noah is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Ella is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mia is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Joseph is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, Daniel, Joseph, Noah, and Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Mia is a knight then Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave or Ella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ethan, Lucas, Alexander, Amelia, Logan, Mason, William, and Liam. Ethan said that Amelia is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave. Lucas told you that Ethan is a knight or Mason is a knave. Alexander noted, "Logan is a knight and Ethan is a knight". Amelia noted, "Mason is a knave and William is a knave". "Alexander is not a knight," Logan declared. Mason told you that Lucas is not a knight. William remarked, "Mason is a knight or Logan is a knave". In a statement by Liam: "Ethan is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan Lucas Alexander Amelia Logan Mason William Liam

Ethan is a knave, Lucas is a knave, Alexander is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Logan is a knight, Mason is a knight, William is a knight, and Liam is a knave.

(1) Ethan is a knave
(2) Lucas is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knave
(4) Amelia is a knave
(5) Logan is a knight
(6) Mason is a knight
(7) William is a knight
(8) Liam is a knave

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave and William is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Mason is a knave and William is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is not a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight or Mason is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Mason is a knave and William is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight or Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Amelia is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Mason is a knight or Logan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan and William, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ethan is a knight or Mason is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas and Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave and William is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Lucas is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight or Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Mason is a knight or Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Amelia is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider William.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Mason is a knave and William is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, Mason, and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Amelia is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Amelia is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Isabella, Emma, Penelope, Alexander, Ethan, Logan, Harper, and Samuel. In Isabella's words: "Ethan is a knight and Alexander is a knave". Emma commented, "Isabella is a knave". Penelope asserted: "Alexander is a knight and Harper is a knight". Alexander was heard saying, "Samuel is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight". Ethan noted, "Logan is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave". Logan commented, "Isabella is a knight". In a statement by Harper: "Alexander is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight". Samuel noted, "Logan is a knight or Penelope is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella Emma Penelope Alexander Ethan Logan Harper Samuel

Isabella is a knave, Emma is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Logan is a knave, Harper is a knight, and Samuel is a knight.

(1) Isabella is a knave
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Penelope is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knave
(6) Logan is a knave
(7) Harper is a knight
(8) Samuel is a knight

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Logan is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Isabella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Ethan is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Logan is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Logan is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight and Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 3)), ('lying', 0), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 5), ('lying', 0)), ('telling-truth', 0), ('<=>', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: David, Matthew, Logan, Scarlett, Olivia, Ava, Evelyn, and Benjamin. David told you that Logan is not a knave. Matthew told you that Scarlett is a knight if and only if David is a knave. According to Logan, "Scarlett is not a knave". Scarlett said that Evelyn is a knight or Ava is a knight. Olivia was heard saying, "If Benjamin is a knave then Olivia is a knight". "David is a knight," Ava claimed. In a statement by Evelyn: "Matthew is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave". According to Benjamin, "Logan is a knight and David is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David Matthew Logan Scarlett Olivia Ava Evelyn Benjamin

David is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Logan is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Ava is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, and Benjamin is a knight.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Matthew is a knave
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Scarlett is a knight
(5) Olivia is a knight
(6) Ava is a knight
(7) Evelyn is a knave
(8) Benjamin is a knight

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is not a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is not a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight or Ava is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight if and only if David is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Matthew is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if David is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight and David is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lucas, Jackson, Evelyn, Michael, Sebastian, Mia, Ava, and Lily. "Mia is a knave," Lucas claimed. "Lucas is a knave and Lucas is a knight," Jackson mentioned. "Jackson is not a knight," Evelyn mentioned. Michael noted, "Lucas is a knave or Michael is a knight". According to Sebastian, "Lily is a knight". "If Jackson is a knight then Mia is a knight," Mia mentioned. "Lily is a knave or Lucas is a knight," Ava declared. "If Evelyn is a knight then Jackson is a knight," Lily claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas Jackson Evelyn Michael Sebastian Mia Ava Lily

Lucas is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, Michael is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Mia is a knight, Ava is a knight, and Lily is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knave
(2) Jackson is a knave
(3) Evelyn is a knight
(4) Michael is a knight
(5) Sebastian is a knave
(6) Mia is a knight
(7) Ava is a knight
(8) Lily is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jackson is a knight then Mia is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave and Lucas is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that If Jackson is a knight then Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson and Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knight then Mia is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave and Lucas is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Michael is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Evelyn is a knight then Jackson is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Evelyn is a knight then Jackson is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave or Lucas is a knight.

(('lying', 5), ('and', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('telling-truth', 7), ('->', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('or', ('lying', 7), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sofia, Noah, Scarlett, Jackson, Avery, Daniel, Abigail, and Grace. Sofia was heard saying, "Sofia is a knight or Abigail is a knave". Noah noted, "Sofia is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave". Scarlett said that Grace is a knave and Jackson is a knave. "Sofia is not a knight," Jackson claimed. "If Grace is a knave then Daniel is a knave," Avery declared. Daniel said that Scarlett is a knight. Abigail noted, "Scarlett is a knight". As Grace put it, "Jackson is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia Noah Scarlett Jackson Avery Daniel Abigail Grace

Sofia is a knight, Noah is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Jackson is a knave, Avery is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Abigail is a knight, and Grace is a knave.

(1) Sofia is a knight
(2) Noah is a knave
(3) Scarlett is a knight
(4) Jackson is a knave
(5) Avery is a knave
(6) Daniel is a knight
(7) Abigail is a knight
(8) Grace is a knave

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight or Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave and Jackson is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Grace is a knave and Jackson is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Grace is a knave and Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is not a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knave then Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that If Grace is a knave then Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Grace is a knave then Daniel is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Evelyn, Jacob, Alexander, Henry, Elizabeth, Aria, Lily, and Ethan. Evelyn expressed that Jacob is not a knight. In a statement by Jacob: "Ethan is not a knave". In a statement by Alexander: "Jacob is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave". Henry expressed that Elizabeth is a knight. In Elizabeth's words: "Evelyn is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave". Aria commented, "Ethan is a knave". "Ethan is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knave," Lily mentioned. In a statement by Ethan: "If Lily is a knight then Alexander is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn Jacob Alexander Henry Elizabeth Aria Lily Ethan

Evelyn is a knave, Jacob is a knight, Alexander is a knave, Henry is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Aria is a knave, Lily is a knave, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Evelyn is a knave
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Alexander is a knave
(4) Henry is a knight
(5) Elizabeth is a knight
(6) Aria is a knave
(7) Lily is a knave
(8) Ethan is a knight

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is not a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Jacob is not a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is not a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Ethan is not a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Lily is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that If Lily is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, Ethan, and Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is not a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Matthew, Sebastian, Noah, Zoey, Elizabeth, Amelia, Lily, and Sofia. Matthew said that Amelia is a knight and Sofia is a knave. Sebastian said, "Noah is a knave or Noah is a knight." Noah said, "Amelia is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave." In a statement by Zoey: "Lily is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knight". Elizabeth said, "Sofia is a knight and Noah is a knight." "Noah is a knave and Noah is a knight" - Amelia. Lily remarked, "Noah is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight". Sofia noted, "Noah is a knave or Lily is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew Sebastian Noah Zoey Elizabeth Amelia Lily Sofia

Matthew is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, Noah is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Lily is a knave, and Sofia is a knight.

(1) Matthew is a knave
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Noah is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Elizabeth is a knight
(6) Amelia is a knave
(7) Lily is a knave
(8) Sofia is a knight

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is a knave and Noah is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Amelia is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave and Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave or Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Noah is a knave or Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave or Noah is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight and Noah is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Benjamin, Sofia, Liam, David, Joseph, Oliver, Sophia, and Noah. In Benjamin's words: "If Sophia is a knight then Noah is a knave". Sofia said, "David is not a knave." According to Liam, "Joseph is a knave if and only if Noah is a knave". "Liam is a knight" - David. Joseph commented, "Benjamin is not a knight". In Oliver's words: "Joseph is a knave or Liam is a knave". Sophia expressed that Oliver is a knave and Sofia is a knave. Noah stated, "Oliver is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin Sofia Liam David Joseph Oliver Sophia Noah

Benjamin is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Liam is a knight, David is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Sophia is a knave, and Noah is a knave.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Liam is a knight
(4) David is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knave
(6) Oliver is a knight
(7) Sophia is a knave
(8) Noah is a knave

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Noah is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Oliver is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave or Liam is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is not a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Joseph is a knave or Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave or Liam is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave if and only if Noah is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Joseph is a knave if and only if Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lily, Noah, Evelyn, Lucas, Victoria, Chloe, Mason, and Avery. As Lily put it, "Chloe is a knave or Chloe is a knight". "Victoria is not a knave," Noah claimed. Evelyn noted, "Mason is not a knave". Lucas was heard saying, "Chloe is a knave and Mason is a knight". "Evelyn is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight," Victoria declared. Chloe commented, "Evelyn is a knight and Noah is a knight". As Mason put it, "Avery is a knight and Mason is a knight". "Mason is a knight and Evelyn is a knave," Avery claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily Noah Evelyn Lucas Victoria Chloe Mason Avery

Lily is a knight, Noah is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Lucas is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Chloe is a knave, Mason is a knave, and Avery is a knave.

(1) Lily is a knight
(2) Noah is a knight
(3) Evelyn is a knave
(4) Lucas is a knave
(5) Victoria is a knight
(6) Chloe is a knave
(7) Mason is a knave
(8) Avery is a knave

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight and Noah is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Avery is a knight and Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Mason is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Evelyn is a knight and Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight and Noah is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave and Mason is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave and Mason is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Isabella, Sophia, Abigail, Aria, Emma, Daniel, Scarlett, and Owen. Isabella commented, "Sophia is a knight or Aria is a knave". Sophia said that Abigail is a knight and Emma is a knave. Abigail said that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave. Aria asserted: "If Scarlett is a knight then Sophia is a knave". Emma commented, "Owen is a knight and Isabella is a knave". In a statement by Daniel: "Isabella is a knave". Scarlett was heard saying, "Aria is a knight or Sophia is a knight". Owen was heard saying, "Scarlett is a knight and Aria is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella Sophia Abigail Aria Emma Daniel Scarlett Owen

Isabella is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Aria is a knight, Emma is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, and Owen is a knight.

(1) Isabella is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knave
(3) Abigail is a knight
(4) Aria is a knight
(5) Emma is a knight
(6) Daniel is a knight
(7) Scarlett is a knight
(8) Owen is a knight

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight or Aria is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight or Sophia is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Scarlett is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aria is a knight or Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Abigail is a knight and Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Sophia is a knight or Aria is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight or Sophia is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Scarlett is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Aria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, Scarlett, Abigail, and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight or Aria is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Isabella that Sophia is a knight or Aria is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight and Isabella is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight and Aria is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lily, Joseph, Jackson, Jacob, Sofia, Aiden, Ethan, and David. Lily said that Jackson is a knight. "Jackson is not a knave," Joseph claimed. Jackson commented, "Ethan is a knight or Ethan is a knave". "Sofia is a knave and Aiden is a knight," Jacob claimed. Sofia noted, "Joseph is a knight". Aiden said that Jackson is a knave and Jackson is a knight. In Ethan's words: "Lily is a knave or Aiden is a knight". "Aiden is a knave and Aiden is a knight," David mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily Joseph Jackson Jacob Sofia Aiden Ethan David

Lily is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Aiden is a knave, Ethan is a knave, and David is a knave.

(1) Lily is a knight
(2) Joseph is a knight
(3) Jackson is a knight
(4) Jacob is a knave
(5) Sofia is a knight
(6) Aiden is a knave
(7) Ethan is a knave
(8) David is a knave

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight or Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave or Aiden is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Lily is a knave or Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave or Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 2), ('not', ('lying', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 6), ('lying', 6)), ('and', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('telling-truth', 1), ('and', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('and', ('lying', 5), ('telling-truth', 5)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mia, Michael, Avery, Abigail, Lucas, Charlotte, Harper, and Alexander. "If Mia is a knight then Alexander is a knight," Mia claimed. Michael said that Abigail is a knave and Harper is a knight. In Avery's words: "Lucas is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight". "Michael is a knave," Abigail mentioned. Lucas expressed that Charlotte is not a knight. In a statement by Charlotte: "Harper is a knight or Michael is a knave". "Abigail is not a knave," Harper mentioned. Alexander stated, "Lucas is a knave and Charlotte is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia Michael Avery Abigail Lucas Charlotte Harper Alexander

Mia is a knight, Michael is a knave, Avery is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Harper is a knight, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Michael is a knave
(3) Avery is a knave
(4) Abigail is a knight
(5) Lucas is a knave
(6) Charlotte is a knight
(7) Harper is a knight
(8) Alexander is a knight

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Lucas is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight or Michael is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knave and Harper is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave and Harper is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Michael is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ella, Lucas, Benjamin, Chloe, Michael, Jacob, Emma, and Joseph. Ella told you that Michael is a knight. Lucas stated, "Michael is a knave or Emma is a knight". Benjamin was heard saying, "Ella is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave". "Joseph is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave," Chloe declared. Michael expressed that If Jacob is a knight then Chloe is a knight. In a statement by Jacob: "Chloe is a knave and Lucas is a knave". Emma was heard saying, "Chloe is not a knight". "If Emma is a knight then Michael is a knight," Joseph claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella Lucas Benjamin Chloe Michael Jacob Emma Joseph

Ella is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Michael is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Emma is a knight, and Joseph is a knight.

(1) Ella is a knight
(2) Lucas is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knave
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Michael is a knight
(6) Jacob is a knave
(7) Emma is a knight
(8) Joseph is a knight

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jacob is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave and Lucas is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Chloe is a knave and Lucas is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that If Jacob is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave and Lucas is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Joseph is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Emma is a knight then Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Michael is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Emma is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emma, Ava, Sofia, Lucas, Aria, Penelope, Aiden, and Joseph. "Aiden is a knight," Emma declared. In Ava's words: "Penelope is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight". Sofia noted, "Ava is a knight and Penelope is a knave". In a statement by Lucas: "Sofia is not a knight". Aria said that If Aiden is a knave then Lucas is a knight. "Aria is a knave," Penelope mentioned. "If Emma is a knave then Penelope is a knave," Aiden claimed. "Ava is a knave and Sofia is a knight," Joseph claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma Ava Sofia Lucas Aria Penelope Aiden Joseph

Emma is a knight, Ava is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Aria is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Aiden is a knight, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) Emma is a knight
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) Sofia is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knave
(5) Aria is a knight
(6) Penelope is a knave
(7) Aiden is a knight
(8) Joseph is a knave

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knave then Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Aiden is a knave then Lucas is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knave then Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is not a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Sofia is not a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight and Penelope is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Ava is a knight and Penelope is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Penelope is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is not a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight and Penelope is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knave and Sofia is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave and Sofia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Luke, Aria, Emma, Liam, Sophia, Grace, Aiden, and Oliver. According to Luke, "If Sophia is a knight then Emma is a knight". Aria said that Aiden is a knave and Liam is a knight. Emma asserted: "Luke is not a knave". "Aria is a knave or Sophia is a knight," Liam mentioned. According to Sophia, "Liam is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave". In a statement by Grace: "Grace is a knight and Oliver is a knave". Aiden noted, "Liam is a knight or Grace is a knave". Oliver was heard saying, "Liam is a knight or Luke is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke Aria Emma Liam Sophia Grace Aiden Oliver

Luke is a knight, Aria is a knave, Emma is a knight, Liam is a knight, Sophia is a knave, Grace is a knave, Aiden is a knight, and Oliver is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Aria is a knave
(3) Emma is a knight
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) Sophia is a knave
(6) Grace is a knave
(7) Aiden is a knight
(8) Oliver is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Emma is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave or Sophia is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Aiden is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Liam is a knight or Grace is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight or Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight and Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Liam is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Liam is a knight or Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight and Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that Aiden is a knave and Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden and Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aria is a knave or Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Aria is a knave or Sophia is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Grace is a knight and Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Liam is a knight if and only if Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Olivia, James, Joseph, Samuel, Sophia, Ethan, Emily, and Jackson. In a statement by Olivia: "Emily is not a knave". James asserted: "Emily is a knight and Samuel is a knight". Joseph expressed that Samuel is a knight or Emily is a knave. Samuel was heard saying, "James is a knave". Sophia was heard saying, "Olivia is a knave and Emily is a knave". Ethan said that Emily is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knave. Emily expressed that Joseph is a knave and Samuel is a knight. According to Jackson, "If Jackson is a knight then Joseph is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia James Joseph Samuel Sophia Ethan Emily Jackson

Olivia is a knave, James is a knave, Joseph is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Emily is a knave, and Jackson is a knight.

(1) Olivia is a knave
(2) James is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knight
(4) Samuel is a knight
(5) Sophia is a knight
(6) Ethan is a knave
(7) Emily is a knave
(8) Jackson is a knight

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is not a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave and Samuel is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Joseph is a knave and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight or Emily is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Samuel is a knight or Emily is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Joseph is a knave and Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Emily is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is not a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that Emily is not a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight or Emily is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave and Emily is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knight then Joseph is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aria, Matthew, Chloe, Ava, Scarlett, Noah, Liam, and Riley. Aria told you that Aria is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave. In a statement by Matthew: "Riley is a knight". "Ava is a knave or Scarlett is a knight" - Chloe. "Riley is a knight and Scarlett is a knave," Ava mentioned. Scarlett asserted: "Liam is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave". Noah told you that Matthew is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave. "Liam is a knight and Riley is a knight" - Liam. As Riley put it, "Liam is a knight or Matthew is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria Matthew Chloe Ava Scarlett Noah Liam Riley

Aria is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Chloe is a knave, Ava is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Noah is a knave, Liam is a knight, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Aria is a knight
(2) Matthew is a knight
(3) Chloe is a knave
(4) Ava is a knight
(5) Scarlett is a knave
(6) Noah is a knave
(7) Liam is a knight
(8) Riley is a knight

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Aria is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight and Riley is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight or Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Ava is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Riley is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Scarlett, Daniel, Owen, Avery, Joseph, Lily, David, and Henry. "Owen is a knave" - Scarlett. According to Daniel, "Henry is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight". "Daniel is not a knave," Owen claimed. "Daniel is a knave or Daniel is a knight," Avery claimed. "Lily is a knight and Henry is a knight," Joseph declared. "If Daniel is a knight then Henry is a knight," Lily mentioned. David said that If Joseph is a knight then Lily is a knave. Henry asserted: "Joseph is a knight or David is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett Daniel Owen Avery Joseph Lily David Henry

Scarlett is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Owen is a knight, Avery is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Lily is a knight, David is a knave, and Henry is a knight.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Owen is a knight
(4) Avery is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knight
(6) Lily is a knight
(7) David is a knave
(8) Henry is a knight

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight or David is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight and Henry is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knight then Henry is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Joseph is a knight then Lily is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Joseph is a knight then Lily is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Henry is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Daniel is a knave or Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery and David, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Lily is a knight and Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight and Henry is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Lily is a knight and Henry is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Daniel is a knight then Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily and Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight or David is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knight and Henry is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Joseph is a knight or David is a knight.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Joseph is a knight then Lily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, Joseph, Henry, Daniel, and Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or Daniel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sebastian, Amelia, Alexander, Charlotte, Aria, Sofia, Oliver, and Michael. Sebastian stated, "If Sofia is a knave then Charlotte is a knight". According to Amelia, "Alexander is a knave and Charlotte is a knight". As Alexander put it, "Sofia is a knave and Sebastian is a knave". "Alexander is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight," Charlotte mentioned. Aria expressed that If Michael is a knave then Oliver is a knave. "Amelia is a knight," Sofia claimed. Oliver asserted: "Charlotte is a knight and Alexander is a knave". As Michael put it, "Alexander is a knight or Aria is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian Amelia Alexander Charlotte Aria Sofia Oliver Michael

Sebastian is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Aria is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Oliver is a knave, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Sebastian is a knave
(2) Amelia is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knight
(4) Charlotte is a knave
(5) Aria is a knight
(6) Sofia is a knave
(7) Oliver is a knave
(8) Michael is a knight

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Alexander is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave and Sebastian is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Alexander is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte and Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knave and Sebastian is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Alexander is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that If Sofia is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, Alexander, Amelia, and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sofia is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that If Sofia is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave and Sebastian is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that If Sofia is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Aria is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Alexander is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lily, Scarlett, James, Riley, Aiden, Jack, Olivia, and Oliver. Lily said, "James is a knight or Jack is a knight." In Scarlett's words: "Oliver is a knave or Jack is a knight". James remarked, "Scarlett is not a knight". "Aiden is a knave" - Riley. Aiden told you that Oliver is a knave and Jack is a knave. "Olivia is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave," Jack claimed. As Olivia put it, "Oliver is not a knight". Oliver asserted: "Olivia is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily Scarlett James Riley Aiden Jack Olivia Oliver

Lily is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, James is a knave, Riley is a knave, Aiden is a knight, Jack is a knave, Olivia is a knight, and Oliver is a knave.

(1) Lily is a knave
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) James is a knave
(4) Riley is a knave
(5) Aiden is a knight
(6) Jack is a knave
(7) Olivia is a knight
(8) Oliver is a knave

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight or Jack is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is not a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Scarlett is not a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is not a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is not a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Olivia is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden and Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Oliver is a knave or Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is not a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Oliver is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that James is a knight or Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Olivia is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Oliver is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Scarlett is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and James, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight or Jack is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that James is a knight or Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that James is a knight or Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Liam, Michael, Ella, David, Charlotte, Elizabeth, Mia, and Benjamin. Liam expressed that Ella is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave. In Michael's words: "Benjamin is a knave and Ella is a knave". "If Charlotte is a knight then Benjamin is a knave," Ella claimed. David said, "Michael is not a knave." Charlotte noted, "Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave". Elizabeth commented, "If David is a knave then Liam is a knight". "Charlotte is not a knave," Mia declared. Benjamin said that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam Michael Ella David Charlotte Elizabeth Mia Benjamin

Liam is a knight, Michael is a knave, Ella is a knave, David is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Mia is a knight, and Benjamin is a knight.

(1) Liam is a knight
(2) Michael is a knave
(3) Ella is a knave
(4) David is a knave
(5) Charlotte is a knight
(6) Elizabeth is a knight
(7) Mia is a knight
(8) Benjamin is a knight

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Ella is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If David is a knave then Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave and Ella is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Benjamin is a knave and Ella is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that If Charlotte is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Michael is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave and Ella is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Grace, Daniel, Owen, Abigail, Sofia, Joseph, Evelyn, and Zoey. Grace told you that Evelyn is a knight. Daniel stated, "Grace is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knave". Owen remarked, "Daniel is not a knight". Abigail said that Evelyn is a knight and Grace is a knave. "Abigail is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave," Sofia mentioned. As Joseph put it, "Abigail is a knave or Abigail is a knight". "Owen is not a knight," Evelyn claimed. Zoey remarked, "Daniel is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace Daniel Owen Abigail Sofia Joseph Evelyn Zoey

Grace is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Owen is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, and Zoey is a knave.

(1) Grace is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Owen is a knave
(4) Abigail is a knave
(5) Sofia is a knight
(6) Joseph is a knight
(7) Evelyn is a knight
(8) Zoey is a knave

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is not a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Owen is not a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mason, Abigail, Riley, Charlotte, Harper, Benjamin, Henry, and Alexander. Mason commented, "Harper is a knight or Alexander is a knight". Abigail noted, "If Riley is a knight then Mason is a knight". Riley commented, "If Alexander is a knave then Abigail is a knave". According to Charlotte, "Riley is a knight or Alexander is a knight". "If Abigail is a knight then Mason is a knave," Harper mentioned. Benjamin told you that Abigail is not a knave. Henry noted, "If Alexander is a knight then Mason is a knight". As Alexander put it, "Henry is a knave or Benjamin is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason Abigail Riley Charlotte Harper Benjamin Henry Alexander

Mason is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Riley is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Harper is a knave, Benjamin is a knight, Henry is a knight, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Mason is a knight
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Riley is a knight
(4) Charlotte is a knight
(5) Harper is a knave
(6) Benjamin is a knight
(7) Henry is a knight
(8) Alexander is a knight

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight or Alexander is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knight then Mason is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that If Abigail is a knight then Mason is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Riley is a knight then Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Abigail is a knight then Mason is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then Abigail is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave or Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight or Alexander is a knight.