A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Harper, Luke, Lucas, Grace, Daniel, Amelia, Penelope, and Michael. In a statement by Harper: "Michael is not a knave". Luke remarked, "If Lucas is a knave then Grace is a knight". Lucas said, "Harper is a knight and Grace is a knave." "Lucas is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave," Grace mentioned. Daniel told you that Lucas is a knave. Amelia was heard saying, "Lucas is a knave or Amelia is a knight". "Luke is a knight or Penelope is a knight" - Penelope. Michael stated, "Amelia is a knight and Michael is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper Luke Lucas Grace Daniel Amelia Penelope Michael

Harper is a knave, Luke is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Grace is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Penelope is a knight, and Michael is a knave.

(1) Harper is a knave
(2) Luke is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knave
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Daniel is a knight
(6) Amelia is a knight
(7) Penelope is a knight
(8) Michael is a knave

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Amelia is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Harper is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lucas is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Harper is a knight and Grace is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace and Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Amelia is a knight and Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Michael is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Michael is not a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knave then Grace is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight or Penelope is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Oliver, Alexander, Riley, Luke, Victoria, Scarlett, Ethan, and Lucas. As Oliver put it, "Lucas is a knight and Alexander is a knight". In a statement by Alexander: "Oliver is a knave if and only if Luke is a knave". "If Ethan is a knight then Luke is a knave" - Riley. Luke said that Ethan is not a knave. Victoria noted, "Scarlett is a knave". In a statement by Scarlett: "Riley is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight". Ethan asserted: "Victoria is a knave". In Lucas's words: "Luke is a knight and Riley is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver Alexander Riley Luke Victoria Scarlett Ethan Lucas

Oliver is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Riley is a knight, Luke is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Ethan is a knave, and Lucas is a knave.

(1) Oliver is a knave
(2) Alexander is a knight
(3) Riley is a knight
(4) Luke is a knave
(5) Victoria is a knight
(6) Scarlett is a knave
(7) Ethan is a knave
(8) Lucas is a knave

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight and Riley is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Ethan is a knight then Luke is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Riley is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Ethan is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Luke is a knight and Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Lucas is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Riley is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is not a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Ethan is not a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knight then Luke is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if Luke is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Isabella, Scarlett, Emily, Aiden, James, Michael, Liam, and Penelope. Isabella asserted: "If Emily is a knight then Aiden is a knave". "Penelope is a knight and Michael is a knight," Scarlett declared. Emily asserted: "Michael is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave". Aiden said that Michael is a knave or Aiden is a knight. According to James, "Michael is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave". Michael remarked, "Emily is a knight". Liam remarked, "Penelope is a knight or Isabella is a knight". According to Penelope, "Emily is a knave or Isabella is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella Scarlett Emily Aiden James Michael Liam Penelope

Isabella is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Emily is a knight, Aiden is a knight, James is a knight, Michael is a knight, Liam is a knave, and Penelope is a knave.

(1) Isabella is a knave
(2) Scarlett is a knave
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) Aiden is a knight
(5) James is a knight
(6) Michael is a knight
(7) Liam is a knave
(8) Penelope is a knave

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Michael is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Penelope is a knight or Isabella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Michael is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, Michael, and Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emily is a knight then Aiden is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight or Isabella is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Penelope is a knight or Isabella is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave or Isabella is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Aiden is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight and Michael is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Amelia, Logan, Aiden, Owen, Liam, Victoria, Samuel, and Sebastian. Amelia asserted: "Liam is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight". Logan was heard saying, "Sebastian is a knave". Aiden told you that Victoria is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight. "Amelia is not a knave" - Owen. Liam said, "Owen is a knight." According to Victoria, "If Liam is a knave then Liam is a knight". As Samuel put it, "Logan is a knave". Sebastian remarked, "If Logan is a knave then Victoria is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia Logan Aiden Owen Liam Victoria Samuel Sebastian

Amelia is a knave, Logan is a knave, Aiden is a knave, Owen is a knave, Liam is a knave, Victoria is a knave, Samuel is a knight, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Amelia is a knave
(2) Logan is a knave
(3) Aiden is a knave
(4) Owen is a knave
(5) Liam is a knave
(6) Victoria is a knave
(7) Samuel is a knight
(8) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knave then Victoria is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that If Logan is a knave then Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Liam is a knave then Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Liam is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Amelia is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is not a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is not a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Liam is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Liam is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave if and only if Liam is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Alexander, David, Harper, Isabella, Ethan, Liam, Ella, and Jacob. In Alexander's words: "Jacob is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight". "Ethan is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave" - David. Harper said, "If Ethan is a knave then Alexander is a knight." As Isabella put it, "Harper is a knight or Ella is a knave". Ethan told you that Harper is a knight or Alexander is a knave. "If Harper is a knave then Isabella is a knight" - Liam. "David is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight" - Ella. Jacob noted, "If Isabella is a knave then Liam is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander David Harper Isabella Ethan Liam Ella Jacob

Alexander is a knave, David is a knave, Harper is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Liam is a knight, Ella is a knave, and Jacob is a knight.

(1) Alexander is a knave
(2) David is a knave
(3) Harper is a knight
(4) Isabella is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knight
(6) Liam is a knight
(7) Ella is a knave
(8) Jacob is a knight

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight or Ella is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Jacob is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Ethan is a knave then Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight or Ella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Isabella is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that If Isabella is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Isabella that Harper is a knight or Ella is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Jacob is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, Isabella, and Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knave then Alexander is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight or Alexander is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that David is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knave then Isabella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ava, Jack, Matthew, Aria, Michael, Abigail, Charlotte, and Logan. Ava expressed that Aria is a knight and Jack is a knave. Jack asserted: "Aria is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight". "If Aria is a knight then Jack is a knave" - Matthew. Aria told you that Logan is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave. Michael noted, "If Abigail is a knight then Logan is a knight". "Charlotte is a knight" - Abigail. "If Abigail is a knave then Michael is a knight," Charlotte mentioned. "Charlotte is a knight and Charlotte is a knave" - Logan. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava Jack Matthew Aria Michael Abigail Charlotte Logan

Ava is a knave, Jack is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Aria is a knight, Michael is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, and Logan is a knave.

(1) Ava is a knave
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Matthew is a knave
(4) Aria is a knight
(5) Michael is a knave
(6) Abigail is a knight
(7) Charlotte is a knight
(8) Logan is a knave

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knight and Charlotte is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Logan is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Aria is a knight and Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Logan is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knave then Michael is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Abigail is a knight then Logan is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Abigail is a knight then Logan is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Aria is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aria is a knight then Jack is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lucas, Alexander, Sofia, Daniel, Harper, James, Noah, and Joseph. Lucas told you that Alexander is a knight or Daniel is a knight. Alexander said that If Daniel is a knave then Lucas is a knight. In Sofia's words: "If Joseph is a knight then Alexander is a knight". Daniel remarked, "James is a knight". Harper asserted: "Noah is a knave". James was heard saying, "Sofia is a knave or Lucas is a knave". According to Noah, "Sofia is a knave and Joseph is a knave". "Daniel is not a knave," Joseph mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas Alexander Sofia Daniel Harper James Noah Joseph

Lucas is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Daniel is a knave, Harper is a knight, James is a knave, Noah is a knave, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Alexander is a knight
(3) Sofia is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knave
(5) Harper is a knight
(6) James is a knave
(7) Noah is a knave
(8) Joseph is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Daniel is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Lucas is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave or Lucas is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Sofia is a knave or Lucas is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Joseph is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that James is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave or Lucas is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave and Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Matthew, Riley, David, Charlotte, Aurora, Daniel, William, and Sophia. "Riley is a knave and Charlotte is a knave" - Matthew. Riley asserted: "If Aurora is a knave then Charlotte is a knight". David expressed that Matthew is a knave and Aurora is a knight. As Charlotte put it, "William is a knight". Aurora remarked, "Riley is a knave and William is a knave". Daniel was heard saying, "Riley is not a knave". William was heard saying, "David is a knave and Daniel is a knight". Sophia was heard saying, "William is a knave or Matthew is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew Riley David Charlotte Aurora Daniel William Sophia

Matthew is a knave, Riley is a knight, David is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Daniel is a knight, William is a knight, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) Matthew is a knave
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) David is a knave
(4) Charlotte is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knave
(6) Daniel is a knight
(7) William is a knight
(8) Sophia is a knight

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Riley is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aurora is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that If Aurora is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave and William is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave and Daniel is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is not a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that David is a knave and Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel and David, so let us go back and reconsider William.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Riley is a knave and William is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, Aurora, and Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave and Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knave then Charlotte is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knave and William is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave or Matthew is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Aiden, Alexander, Matthew, Chloe, Penelope, Avery, and Liam. In a statement by Elizabeth: "Alexander is a knight". "Liam is not a knight," Aiden declared. Alexander said that Chloe is a knight or Penelope is a knight. Matthew asserted: "Alexander is not a knave". Chloe was heard saying, "Elizabeth is not a knave". Penelope noted, "Elizabeth is not a knight". Avery was heard saying, "Alexander is a knight". Liam asserted: "Matthew is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth Aiden Alexander Matthew Chloe Penelope Avery Liam

Elizabeth is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Avery is a knight, and Liam is a knave.

(1) Elizabeth is a knight
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Alexander is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Chloe is a knight
(6) Penelope is a knave
(7) Avery is a knight
(8) Liam is a knave

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Liam is not a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is not a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight.

(('telling-truth', 2), ('not', ('telling-truth', 7)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('not', ('lying', 2)), ('not', ('lying', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 2), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Alexander, Chloe, James, Isabella, Aurora, Mason, and Samuel. "James is not a knave," Elizabeth claimed. According to Alexander, "Elizabeth is a knight". Chloe commented, "James is a knight". James asserted: "If Chloe is a knave then Samuel is a knight". Isabella commented, "Samuel is a knave". In a statement by Aurora: "James is a knight". Mason commented, "Elizabeth is a knave". Samuel said, "Alexander is a knight or Isabella is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth Alexander Chloe James Isabella Aurora Mason Samuel

Elizabeth is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Chloe is a knight, James is a knight, Isabella is a knave, Aurora is a knight, Mason is a knave, and Samuel is a knight.

(1) Elizabeth is a knight
(2) Alexander is a knight
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) James is a knight
(5) Isabella is a knave
(6) Aurora is a knight
(7) Mason is a knave
(8) Samuel is a knight

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Isabella is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave.

(('not', ('lying', 3)), ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 3), ('->', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('lying', 7), ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 0), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mia, William, Daniel, Lily, Mason, Victoria, Charlotte, and Sebastian. Mia asserted: "Mason is not a knave". In a statement by William: "Mason is a knight". Daniel told you that Lily is not a knave. Lily said, "If William is a knight then Daniel is a knight." Mason stated, "Mia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight". Victoria remarked, "Mason is not a knave". Charlotte was heard saying, "Victoria is a knave". In a statement by Sebastian: "If Charlotte is a knave then Daniel is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia William Daniel Lily Mason Victoria Charlotte Sebastian

Mia is a knave, William is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Lily is a knight, Mason is a knave, Victoria is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Mia is a knave
(2) William is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knight
(4) Lily is a knight
(5) Mason is a knave
(6) Victoria is a knave
(7) Charlotte is a knight
(8) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Mia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mason is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Mason is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Mia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knight then Daniel is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knave then Daniel is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Riley, Liam, Jacob, Ella, Henry, Jack, Chloe, and Emily. Riley was heard saying, "Ella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave". "Jacob is a knight and Ella is a knight," Liam mentioned. Jacob commented, "Liam is not a knight". "If Liam is a knave then Liam is a knight" - Ella. In Henry's words: "Jack is a knight". "If Chloe is a knave then Riley is a knight" - Jack. In Chloe's words: "Jack is a knight". Emily said that Henry is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley Liam Jacob Ella Henry Jack Chloe Emily

Riley is a knave, Liam is a knave, Jacob is a knight, Ella is a knave, Henry is a knight, Jack is a knight, Chloe is a knight, and Emily is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Liam is a knave
(3) Jacob is a knight
(4) Ella is a knave
(5) Henry is a knight
(6) Jack is a knight
(7) Chloe is a knight
(8) Emily is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight and Ella is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is not a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Jacob is a knight and Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that If Liam is a knave then Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Liam is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knight and Ella is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight and Ella is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Ella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is not a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Chloe is a knave then Riley is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, Henry, and Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Liam is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, Liam, and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knave then Riley is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: David, Samuel, Sofia, Michael, Riley, Ava, Aiden, and Aria. "Riley is a knight and Ava is a knight," David mentioned. Samuel was heard saying, "Michael is not a knave". Sofia told you that Michael is a knave. According to Michael, "Aiden is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave". Riley said that Michael is a knave and Aria is a knight. Ava told you that David is not a knave. Aiden said that If Aiden is a knight then David is a knave. "Aiden is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave," Aria mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David Samuel Sofia Michael Riley Ava Aiden Aria

David is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Michael is a knight, Riley is a knave, Ava is a knave, Aiden is a knight, and Aria is a knave.

(1) David is a knave
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Sofia is a knave
(4) Michael is a knight
(5) Riley is a knave
(6) Ava is a knave
(7) Aiden is a knight
(8) Aria is a knave

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Michael is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Aiden is a knight then David is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Aiden is a knight then David is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden and Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Riley is a knight and Ava is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider David.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knight then David is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of David that Riley is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Aiden is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Aiden is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is not a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emily, Avery, Penelope, Emma, Chloe, David, Logan, and Lily. According to Emily, "If Avery is a knave then David is a knight". Avery noted, "If Lily is a knight then David is a knight". As Penelope put it, "David is a knave or Logan is a knave". Emma told you that Chloe is not a knight. According to Chloe, "Logan is a knave". As David put it, "Emily is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight". Logan asserted: "Chloe is a knight and Lily is a knave". Lily asserted: "Avery is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily Avery Penelope Emma Chloe David Logan Lily

Emily is a knight, Avery is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Emma is a knave, Chloe is a knight, David is a knight, Logan is a knave, and Lily is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Avery is a knight
(3) Penelope is a knight
(4) Emma is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knight
(6) David is a knight
(7) Logan is a knave
(8) Lily is a knight

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Avery is a knave then David is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knight then David is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is not a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Emily is a knave if and only if Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is not a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight and Lily is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or Logan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Amelia, Scarlett, Chloe, Henry, Jacob, Emma, Ella, and Daniel. Amelia expressed that Ella is a knight or Chloe is a knight. According to Scarlett, "Daniel is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave". "Henry is a knight and Daniel is a knave," Chloe mentioned. Henry remarked, "Jacob is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave". Jacob asserted: "Scarlett is a knight or Henry is a knave". Emma expressed that Chloe is a knave or Daniel is a knave. Ella said, "Jacob is a knave." "Ella is a knight" - Daniel. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia Scarlett Chloe Henry Jacob Emma Ella Daniel

Amelia is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Henry is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Emma is a knight, Ella is a knave, and Daniel is a knave.

(1) Amelia is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) Henry is a knight
(5) Jacob is a knight
(6) Emma is a knight
(7) Ella is a knave
(8) Daniel is a knave

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight or Henry is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Scarlett is a knight or Henry is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Daniel is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, Scarlett, and Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight or Henry is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Daniel is a knave if and only if Ella is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight and Daniel is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Daniel is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Harper, Michael, Lucas, Grace, Noah, Alexander, Aria, and Scarlett. Harper said, "Alexander is a knight or Aria is a knave." "Lucas is not a knight," Michael claimed. Lucas stated, "Michael is a knave and Aria is a knight". "Michael is a knave," Grace claimed. Noah asserted: "Grace is a knave or Noah is a knight". "If Harper is a knight then Lucas is a knave," Alexander mentioned. Aria said, "If Alexander is a knight then Alexander is a knave." Scarlett was heard saying, "Michael is a knave or Noah is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper Michael Lucas Grace Noah Alexander Aria Scarlett

Harper is a knight, Michael is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Grace is a knave, Noah is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Aria is a knave, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) Harper is a knight
(2) Michael is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knave
(4) Grace is a knave
(5) Noah is a knight
(6) Alexander is a knight
(7) Aria is a knave
(8) Scarlett is a knave

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Aria is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that If Harper is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Alexander is a knight then Alexander is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Alexander is a knight then Alexander is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave or Noah is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave or Noah is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave or Noah is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aria, Noah, Avery, Olivia, Benjamin, Amelia, Victoria, and William. In Aria's words: "Amelia is a knave and Olivia is a knave". Noah said that Victoria is not a knave. Avery noted, "Noah is a knight or Olivia is a knight". Olivia remarked, "William is a knight and Victoria is a knave". "If Amelia is a knight then Olivia is a knave," Benjamin claimed. Amelia asserted: "Aria is a knight or William is a knave". In Victoria's words: "Olivia is a knave". William was heard saying, "If Olivia is a knave then Aria is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria Noah Avery Olivia Benjamin Amelia Victoria William

Aria is a knave, Noah is a knave, Avery is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Victoria is a knave, and William is a knight.

(1) Aria is a knave
(2) Noah is a knave
(3) Avery is a knight
(4) Olivia is a knight
(5) Benjamin is a knight
(6) Amelia is a knave
(7) Victoria is a knave
(8) William is a knight

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave and Olivia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Amelia is a knave and Olivia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aria is a knight or William is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and Olivia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight or William is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Aria is a knight or William is a knave.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Olivia is a knave then Aria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight or William is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knave then Aria is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that William is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight or Olivia is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knight then Olivia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Zoey, Evelyn, Aiden, Sophia, Ethan, Riley, Noah, and David. "If Riley is a knight then Evelyn is a knave" - Zoey. Evelyn stated, "Ethan is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave". "If Zoey is a knight then Ethan is a knave" - Aiden. Sophia remarked, "Ethan is a knave or Noah is a knave". As Ethan put it, "Sophia is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knave". Riley stated, "Sophia is a knight and David is a knight". "Ethan is not a knight," Noah claimed. David stated, "Aiden is a knight and Riley is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Zoey Evelyn Aiden Sophia Ethan Riley Noah David

Zoey is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Aiden is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Riley is a knave, Noah is a knave, and David is a knave.

(1) Zoey is a knight
(2) Evelyn is a knave
(3) Aiden is a knave
(4) Sophia is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knight
(6) Riley is a knave
(7) Noah is a knave
(8) David is a knave

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight and David is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave or Noah is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Zoey is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Zoey is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Ethan is a knave or Noah is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is not a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knight and Riley is a knave.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Sophia is a knight and David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, Noah, and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ethan is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Zoey is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden and Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Sophia is a knight and David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight and David is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Sophia is a knight and David is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight and Riley is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Abigail, Samuel, Sophia, Emma, Chloe, Matthew, Victoria, and Oliver. "Abigail is a knight" - Abigail. "Oliver is a knave and Victoria is a knight," Samuel mentioned. "Samuel is a knight" - Sophia. In Emma's words: "Sophia is a knight or Matthew is a knight". In Chloe's words: "Oliver is a knight or Abigail is a knave". Matthew said that Samuel is a knave or Chloe is a knight. Victoria commented, "Samuel is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave". In Oliver's words: "Abigail is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail Samuel Sophia Emma Chloe Matthew Victoria Oliver

Abigail is a knave, Samuel is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Emma is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Victoria is a knight, and Oliver is a knight.

(1) Abigail is a knave
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) Sophia is a knave
(4) Emma is a knight
(5) Chloe is a knight
(6) Matthew is a knight
(7) Victoria is a knight
(8) Oliver is a knight

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Oliver is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Samuel is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight or Matthew is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Sophia is a knight or Matthew is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Oliver is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is not a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Oliver is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Samuel is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Sophia is a knight or Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Samuel is a knave or Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, Sophia, Emma, Victoria, Oliver, and Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Abigail is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight or Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight or Abigail is a knave.

(('telling-truth', 0), ('and', ('lying', 7), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('telling-truth', 1), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 7), ('lying', 0)), ('or', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Owen, Samuel, David, Jack, Aurora, Alexander, Grace, and Aria. "Jack is a knight if and only if David is a knight," Owen claimed. Samuel noted, "Alexander is a knight". David stated, "David is a knight or Owen is a knave". Jack told you that Samuel is a knave or David is a knight. According to Aurora, "Aria is a knave". As Alexander put it, "Grace is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave". Grace said, "Alexander is a knave and Aria is a knight." Aria remarked, "Aria is a knight and Owen is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen Samuel David Jack Aurora Alexander Grace Aria

Owen is a knight, Samuel is a knave, David is a knight, Jack is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Alexander is a knave, Grace is a knave, and Aria is a knave.

(1) Owen is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) David is a knight
(4) Jack is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knight
(6) Alexander is a knave
(7) Grace is a knave
(8) Aria is a knave

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight if and only if David is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave or David is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knight and Owen is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Grace is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave and Aria is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Grace is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Grace is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight and Owen is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or Owen is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jacob, Jack, Michael, Matthew, Mason, Alexander, Sebastian, and Luke. "Alexander is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave," Jacob declared. "If Alexander is a knight then Alexander is a knave," Jack mentioned. Michael said, "If Sebastian is a knight then Luke is a knave." Matthew asserted: "Sebastian is a knave or Alexander is a knight". Mason said, "Matthew is a knight." "Sebastian is a knight or Michael is a knave," Alexander declared. Sebastian said that Sebastian is a knight and Michael is a knave. "Sebastian is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave," Luke declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob Jack Michael Matthew Mason Alexander Sebastian Luke

Jacob is a knave, Jack is a knight, Michael is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Mason is a knight, Alexander is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, and Luke is a knave.

(1) Jacob is a knave
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Mason is a knight
(6) Alexander is a knave
(7) Sebastian is a knave
(8) Luke is a knave

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Michael is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Sebastian is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Alexander is a knight then Alexander is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that If Sebastian is a knight then Luke is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke and Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Sebastian is a knight or Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Sebastian is a knight then Luke is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael and Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight or Michael is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Sebastian is a knight or Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Luke is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Alexander is a knight then Alexander is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Alexander is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lily, Isabella, Noah, William, Joseph, Matthew, Zoey, and Aria. Lily said that Matthew is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave. According to Isabella, "Lily is not a knight". Noah remarked, "Lily is a knight". William asserted: "Matthew is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight". Joseph was heard saying, "If William is a knight then William is a knave". Matthew was heard saying, "Zoey is not a knight". Zoey commented, "Isabella is a knight and Lily is a knave". As Aria put it, "Lily is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily Isabella Noah William Joseph Matthew Zoey Aria

Lily is a knight, Isabella is a knave, Noah is a knight, William is a knave, Joseph is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Zoey is a knave, and Aria is a knave.

(1) Lily is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knave
(3) Noah is a knight
(4) William is a knave
(5) Joseph is a knight
(6) Matthew is a knight
(7) Zoey is a knave
(8) Aria is a knave

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Zoey is not a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight and Lily is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Matthew is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is not a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Noah is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knight then William is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aiden, Ava, Mia, Daniel, Lucas, Oliver, Amelia, and Ethan. Aiden said that Ava is a knight. Ava said, "If Daniel is a knave then Aiden is a knight." Mia noted, "Ava is not a knave". Daniel said that If Ava is a knight then Oliver is a knave. Lucas remarked, "Mia is a knight or Ethan is a knave". "Daniel is a knave and Amelia is a knave" - Oliver. "Daniel is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight," Amelia mentioned. Ethan noted, "Aiden is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden Ava Mia Daniel Lucas Oliver Amelia Ethan

Aiden is a knight, Ava is a knight, Mia is a knight, Daniel is a knave, Lucas is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Amelia is a knave, and Ethan is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Ava is a knight
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knave
(5) Lucas is a knight
(6) Oliver is a knight
(7) Amelia is a knave
(8) Ethan is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Aiden is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ava is a knight then Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that If Ava is a knight then Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave and Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Daniel is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ava is a knight then Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave and Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Daniel is a knave and Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is not a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sofia, Avery, Penelope, Scarlett, Grace, Emily, William, and Emma. Sofia said, "Avery is a knight." Avery noted, "Sofia is a knight and Sofia is a knave". Penelope said that Avery is a knight and Grace is a knight. Scarlett was heard saying, "Avery is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight". Grace said that Avery is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave. Emily noted, "Sofia is a knight and Scarlett is a knight". As William put it, "Emma is a knight and Emma is a knave". Emma said, "William is not a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia Avery Penelope Scarlett Grace Emily William Emma

Sofia is a knave, Avery is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Grace is a knight, Emily is a knave, William is a knave, and Emma is a knave.

(1) Sofia is a knave
(2) Avery is a knave
(3) Penelope is a knave
(4) Scarlett is a knight
(5) Grace is a knight
(6) Emily is a knave
(7) William is a knave
(8) Emma is a knave

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knight and Grace is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight and Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Avery is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight and Scarlett is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Benjamin, Samuel, Sebastian, Grace, Alexander, Owen, Daniel, and Evelyn. "Sebastian is a knight" - Benjamin. "Daniel is a knave and Daniel is a knight," Samuel declared. "If Alexander is a knave then Owen is a knight," Sebastian mentioned. "Daniel is a knave," Grace claimed. Alexander said that Daniel is a knave or Sebastian is a knave. Owen said that Samuel is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight. Daniel said, "Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave." Evelyn noted, "Benjamin is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin Samuel Sebastian Grace Alexander Owen Daniel Evelyn

Benjamin is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, Grace is a knave, Alexander is a knave, Owen is a knight, Daniel is a knight, and Evelyn is a knave.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) Sebastian is a knight
(4) Grace is a knave
(5) Alexander is a knave
(6) Owen is a knight
(7) Daniel is a knight
(8) Evelyn is a knave

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then Owen is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or Sebastian is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Daniel is a knave or Sebastian is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave or Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knave and Daniel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave and Daniel is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ella, Mason, Riley, Ava, Penelope, Jack, Benjamin, and Mia. As Ella put it, "Ava is a knave or Ava is a knight". In a statement by Mason: "Penelope is not a knight". Riley commented, "Benjamin is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight". In Ava's words: "If Jack is a knave then Ava is a knight". As Penelope put it, "Mia is a knight and Ava is a knave". "Penelope is not a knave," Jack claimed. Benjamin noted, "Penelope is a knight and Ella is a knave". "Penelope is a knight or Penelope is a knave," Mia declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella Mason Riley Ava Penelope Jack Benjamin Mia

Ella is a knight, Mason is a knight, Riley is a knight, Ava is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Jack is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, and Mia is a knight.

(1) Ella is a knight
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Riley is a knight
(4) Ava is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knave
(6) Jack is a knave
(7) Benjamin is a knave
(8) Mia is a knight

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave or Ava is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Ava is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight and Ava is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Penelope is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and Ava is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight or Penelope is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight and Ella is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Evelyn, Aria, Daniel, Joseph, Penelope, Harper, Liam, and Lily. Evelyn said, "Aria is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave." Aria asserted: "Lily is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave". Daniel said, "Harper is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight." Joseph noted, "If Daniel is a knight then Penelope is a knight". "Daniel is not a knave," Penelope declared. As Harper put it, "Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knave". Liam stated, "If Lily is a knave then Evelyn is a knave". Lily said, "Daniel is a knight or Liam is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn Aria Daniel Joseph Penelope Harper Liam Lily

Evelyn is a knave, Aria is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Harper is a knight, Liam is a knight, and Lily is a knight.

(1) Evelyn is a knave
(2) Aria is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knight
(4) Joseph is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knight
(6) Harper is a knight
(7) Liam is a knight
(8) Lily is a knight

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight or Liam is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Harper is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Aria is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Lily is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Lily is a knave then Evelyn is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper and Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight or Liam is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that Daniel is a knight or Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Lily is a knave then Evelyn is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Lily is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, Daniel, and Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Aria is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Harper is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, Daniel, Lily, and Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Aria is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Harper is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knave then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knight then Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knave.