A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Grace, Henry, Emma, Oliver, Abigail, Amelia, Aria, and David. "If Emma is a knave then Grace is a knight" - Grace. Henry said, "Amelia is a knight." As Emma put it, "Amelia is a knave and Grace is a knight". Oliver said that Aria is a knight or David is a knave. As Abigail put it, "Oliver is not a knave". Amelia commented, "Emma is a knight or David is a knave". Aria noted, "Abigail is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight". David asserted: "Emma is a knave or Abigail is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace Henry Emma Oliver Abigail Amelia Aria David

Grace is a knave, Henry is a knave, Emma is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Aria is a knight, and David is a knight.

(1) Grace is a knave
(2) Henry is a knave
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Oliver is a knight
(5) Abigail is a knight
(6) Amelia is a knave
(7) Aria is a knight
(8) David is a knight

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knave then Grace is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Amelia is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emma is a knight or David is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight or David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Emma is a knight or David is a knave.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emma is a knave or Abigail is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Amelia is a knave and Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emma is a knave then Grace is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that If Emma is a knave then Grace is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight or David is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave or Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight or David is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Avery, Riley, Aiden, William, Jack, Amelia, Scarlett, and Lily. Avery stated, "If William is a knave then Avery is a knight". Riley said that Jack is a knight. Aiden was heard saying, "Amelia is a knight or William is a knight". William noted, "Avery is a knave and Amelia is a knight". Jack remarked, "Lily is not a knight". "If Jack is a knight then Riley is a knight," Amelia claimed. Scarlett said that Amelia is a knight. In a statement by Lily: "Avery is a knight and Scarlett is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery Riley Aiden William Jack Amelia Scarlett Lily

Avery is a knight, Riley is a knave, Aiden is a knight, William is a knave, Jack is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, and Lily is a knight.

(1) Avery is a knight
(2) Riley is a knave
(3) Aiden is a knight
(4) William is a knave
(5) Jack is a knave
(6) Amelia is a knight
(7) Scarlett is a knight
(8) Lily is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knave then Avery is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knight then Riley is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Lily is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight and Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that Avery is a knight and Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or William is a knight.

(('->', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('or', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 7)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 5), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 6)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: James, Victoria, Liam, Ella, Ethan, Elizabeth, Aiden, and Logan. James remarked, "Ethan is not a knight". Victoria expressed that Ella is a knight. "Aiden is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave," Liam mentioned. "Aiden is a knight or Liam is a knight" - Ella. Ethan commented, "Elizabeth is a knight". Elizabeth said, "Liam is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knave." "James is a knight or Logan is a knight" - Aiden. Logan remarked, "James is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James Victoria Liam Ella Ethan Elizabeth Aiden Logan

James is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Liam is a knave, Ella is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Aiden is a knight, and Logan is a knave.

(1) James is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Liam is a knave
(4) Ella is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knave
(6) Elizabeth is a knave
(7) Aiden is a knight
(8) Logan is a knave

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Ethan is not a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Liam is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knight or Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Ella is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight or Logan is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Liam is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Victoria, Oliver, Emily, Mason, Lucas, Amelia, Avery, and Sophia. Victoria said that Mason is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight. Oliver asserted: "Mason is a knight". Emily commented, "Sophia is not a knave". Mason remarked, "Avery is a knight and Amelia is a knave". Lucas was heard saying, "Mason is not a knave". Amelia asserted: "Avery is a knight". "Emily is not a knight," Avery declared. "Lucas is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave," Sophia declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria Oliver Emily Mason Lucas Amelia Avery Sophia

Victoria is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Emily is a knave, Mason is a knave, Lucas is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Avery is a knight, and Sophia is a knave.

(1) Victoria is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knave
(3) Emily is a knave
(4) Mason is a knave
(5) Lucas is a knave
(6) Amelia is a knight
(7) Avery is a knight
(8) Sophia is a knave

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight and Amelia is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is not a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Emily is not a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is not a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Sophia is not a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Mason is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia and Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Avery is a knight and Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight and Amelia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Mason is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Henry, Sophia, Oliver, Michael, William, Scarlett, Emma, and Chloe. As Henry put it, "Henry is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave". "Michael is a knave and Sophia is a knight," Sophia mentioned. Oliver told you that Chloe is not a knave. According to Michael, "Oliver is not a knave". William was heard saying, "Sophia is a knight or Henry is a knight". Scarlett said, "Chloe is a knave and William is a knight." In Emma's words: "Oliver is not a knave". Chloe noted, "William is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry Sophia Oliver Michael William Scarlett Emma Chloe

Henry is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Michael is a knight, William is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Emma is a knight, and Chloe is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knave
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Michael is a knight
(5) William is a knave
(6) Scarlett is a knave
(7) Emma is a knight
(8) Chloe is a knight

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Henry is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave and William is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight or Henry is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Michael is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Oliver is not a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Chloe is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver and Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that William is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider William.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sophia is a knight or Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Chloe is a knave and William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, Chloe, and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Henry is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that Sophia is a knight or Henry is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight or Henry is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Sophia is a knight or Henry is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Michael, Aiden, Evelyn, Jackson, Joseph, Benjamin, Oliver, and James. In Michael's words: "If Aiden is a knave then Joseph is a knave". Aiden remarked, "Benjamin is not a knave". "Aiden is a knight and James is a knave," Evelyn declared. Jackson noted, "If James is a knight then Michael is a knave". Joseph commented, "Aiden is not a knight". Benjamin stated, "James is a knight and Aiden is a knight". "Michael is a knave or Joseph is a knave," Oliver declared. "Michael is a knave," James mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael Aiden Evelyn Jackson Joseph Benjamin Oliver James

Michael is a knave, Aiden is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Oliver is a knight, and James is a knight.

(1) Michael is a knave
(2) Aiden is a knave
(3) Evelyn is a knave
(4) Jackson is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knight
(6) Benjamin is a knave
(7) Oliver is a knight
(8) James is a knight

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knave then Joseph is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight and Aiden is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that James is a knight and Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Benjamin is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight and Aiden is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that If Aiden is a knave then Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aiden is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, James, Benjamin, and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aiden is a knave then Joseph is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that If Aiden is a knave then Joseph is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is not a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knight and James is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight and James is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knight then Michael is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mia, Noah, Grace, Luke, Logan, Aiden, Abigail, and Harper. Mia was heard saying, "If Mia is a knight then Grace is a knight". "If Aiden is a knight then Luke is a knight" - Noah. Grace told you that Aiden is a knave. As Luke put it, "Noah is a knave or Harper is a knave". "Abigail is not a knave," Logan declared. Aiden said, "Logan is not a knave." In Abigail's words: "Logan is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knave". Harper asserted: "Abigail is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia Noah Grace Luke Logan Aiden Abigail Harper

Mia is a knight, Noah is a knight, Grace is a knight, Luke is a knight, Logan is a knave, Aiden is a knave, Abigail is a knave, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Noah is a knight
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Luke is a knight
(5) Logan is a knave
(6) Aiden is a knave
(7) Abigail is a knave
(8) Harper is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knight then Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Aiden is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is not a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Logan is not a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is not a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Abigail is not a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knight then Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave or Harper is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Noah is a knave or Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Luke, Victoria, James, Aria, Evelyn, Ethan, Sophia, and David. "Aria is a knight or David is a knave," Luke claimed. In a statement by Victoria: "David is a knight or Ethan is a knave". James expressed that Ethan is a knight and James is a knight. Aria told you that Victoria is not a knave. Evelyn remarked, "If James is a knight then David is a knave". According to Ethan, "Ethan is a knight and Luke is a knave". In Sophia's words: "David is not a knight". David remarked, "If Ethan is a knave then Luke is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke Victoria James Aria Evelyn Ethan Sophia David

Luke is a knight, Victoria is a knight, James is a knave, Aria is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Sophia is a knave, and David is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) James is a knave
(4) Aria is a knight
(5) Evelyn is a knight
(6) Ethan is a knave
(7) Sophia is a knave
(8) David is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knight or David is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or Ethan is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight and Luke is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight and James is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight and James is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knight then David is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is not a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Abigail, James, Charlotte, Owen, Sophia, Elizabeth, Joseph, and Henry. Abigail remarked, "Henry is a knight". "Henry is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave," James declared. Charlotte said, "If Owen is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave." Owen remarked, "Elizabeth is a knight". Sophia commented, "Charlotte is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave". "Charlotte is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight" - Elizabeth. "Sophia is not a knight," Joseph declared. Henry told you that If Joseph is a knave then Sophia is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Abigail James Charlotte Owen Sophia Elizabeth Joseph Henry

Abigail is a knave, James is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Owen is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Elizabeth is a knave, Joseph is a knave, and Henry is a knave.

(1) Abigail is a knave
(2) James is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knight
(4) Owen is a knave
(5) Sophia is a knight
(6) Elizabeth is a knave
(7) Joseph is a knave
(8) Henry is a knave

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Sophia is not a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that If Owen is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Charlotte is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth and Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that If Owen is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that If Owen is a knight then Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, Charlotte, and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is not a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that If Joseph is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Sophia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia and Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Henry is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Joseph is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that If Joseph is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Olivia, Aria, Daniel, Alexander, Aiden, Ella, Joseph, and Sophia. As Olivia put it, "Aiden is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight". Aria was heard saying, "Aiden is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight". Daniel asserted: "Olivia is not a knight". In Alexander's words: "If Alexander is a knight then Aiden is a knight". Aiden remarked, "Joseph is not a knight". Ella told you that Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knight. "If Ella is a knight then Sophia is a knight," Joseph mentioned. "Ella is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knave," Sophia declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia Aria Daniel Alexander Aiden Ella Joseph Sophia

Olivia is a knave, Aria is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Ella is a knight, Joseph is a knave, and Sophia is a knave.

(1) Olivia is a knave
(2) Aria is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knight
(5) Aiden is a knight
(6) Ella is a knight
(7) Joseph is a knave
(8) Sophia is a knave

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Joseph is not a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ella is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is not a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Aiden is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that If Ella is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is not a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Aiden is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aiden is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Joseph is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that Aiden is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Aria is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is not a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that If Ella is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Aiden is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knight then Aiden is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Benjamin, Liam, Aurora, Amelia, Luke, Daniel, Abigail, and Penelope. Benjamin was heard saying, "Luke is a knight or Daniel is a knave". As Liam put it, "Abigail is a knave and Aurora is a knave". Aurora stated, "Benjamin is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knight". Amelia was heard saying, "Abigail is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight". "Amelia is a knight" - Luke. According to Daniel, "Amelia is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight". Abigail told you that Aurora is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave. As Penelope put it, "If Luke is a knave then Abigail is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin Liam Aurora Amelia Luke Daniel Abigail Penelope

Benjamin is a knight, Liam is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Luke is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Abigail is a knave, and Penelope is a knave.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Liam is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knave
(4) Amelia is a knave
(5) Luke is a knave
(6) Daniel is a knave
(7) Abigail is a knave
(8) Penelope is a knave

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight or Daniel is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Abigail is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Abigail is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora and Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Luke is a knight or Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Amelia is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave and Aurora is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Luke is a knave then Abigail is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Luke is a knave then Abigail is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: William, Riley, Logan, Luke, Aiden, Abigail, Aurora, and Matthew. William commented, "Aiden is not a knight". In Riley's words: "Aiden is a knave or Matthew is a knight". "Matthew is a knight or William is a knight," Logan claimed. "Abigail is a knave and Matthew is a knave," Luke declared. Aiden was heard saying, "Aurora is a knight and Matthew is a knight". According to Abigail, "Riley is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave". "Abigail is a knave," Aurora mentioned. As Matthew put it, "Riley is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William Riley Logan Luke Aiden Abigail Aurora Matthew

William is a knight, Riley is a knight, Logan is a knight, Luke is a knight, Aiden is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Aurora is a knight, and Matthew is a knave.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Luke is a knight
(5) Aiden is a knave
(6) Abigail is a knave
(7) Aurora is a knight
(8) Matthew is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is not a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Aiden is not a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight and Matthew is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave or Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Aurora is a knight and Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight or William is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave and Matthew is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, David, Logan, Zoey, Elizabeth, Matthew, Sophia, and William. "Logan is not a knight" - Jack. David commented, "If Elizabeth is a knave then Sophia is a knight". Logan stated, "Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave". Zoey stated, "Jack is a knight". As Elizabeth put it, "Sophia is not a knight". Matthew noted, "Sophia is a knave". "Logan is not a knave," Sophia mentioned. William said, "Zoey is a knight if and only if David is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack David Logan Zoey Elizabeth Matthew Sophia William

Jack is a knave, David is a knight, Logan is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Matthew is a knave, Sophia is a knight, and William is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) David is a knight
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knave
(5) Elizabeth is a knave
(6) Matthew is a knave
(7) Sophia is a knight
(8) William is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is not a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Logan is not a knight.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is not a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is not a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Sophia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, Elizabeth, and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is not a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is not a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then Sophia is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if David is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: David, Zoey, Elizabeth, Grace, Owen, Michael, Charlotte, and Penelope. In a statement by David: "Michael is a knave or Grace is a knight". "Elizabeth is a knight and Owen is a knight," Zoey declared. Elizabeth said that Grace is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave. "Michael is a knight and David is a knave," Grace claimed. In Owen's words: "Penelope is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight". In a statement by Michael: "Penelope is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight". Charlotte noted, "Zoey is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight". Penelope expressed that David is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David Zoey Elizabeth Grace Owen Michael Charlotte Penelope

David is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Grace is a knave, Owen is a knight, Michael is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, and Penelope is a knave.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Elizabeth is a knight
(4) Grace is a knave
(5) Owen is a knight
(6) Michael is a knave
(7) Charlotte is a knave
(8) Penelope is a knave

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Grace is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Penelope is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Penelope is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Grace is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Michael is a knave or Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, Elizabeth, Owen, and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight or Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Grace is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight and David is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight and Owen is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight.

(('or', ('lying', 5), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 4)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 5), ('lying', 0)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('lying', 0))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Riley, Penelope, Ella, Evelyn, Mia, Joseph, Lucas, and Ava. Riley said that Ava is a knave and Evelyn is a knave. Penelope said, "If Joseph is a knave then Mia is a knave." Ella noted, "Ava is a knave or Lucas is a knight". "If Lucas is a knave then Ella is a knight," Evelyn declared. Mia commented, "Ella is not a knave". "Riley is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight," Joseph claimed. According to Lucas, "Riley is a knight". Ava asserted: "If Ella is a knight then Lucas is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley Penelope Ella Evelyn Mia Joseph Lucas Ava

Riley is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Ella is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, Mia is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Lucas is a knave, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) Ella is a knave
(4) Evelyn is a knave
(5) Mia is a knave
(6) Joseph is a knave
(7) Lucas is a knave
(8) Ava is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Ava is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ella is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave or Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Ava is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Lucas is a knave then Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Riley is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ava is a knave or Lucas is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Ava is a knave or Lucas is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave or Lucas is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Ava is a knave or Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Lucas is a knave then Ella is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Lucas is a knave then Ella is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knave then Mia is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that If Joseph is a knave then Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Michael, Noah, Jacob, Scarlett, Chloe, Joseph, Ethan, and Samuel. Michael expressed that Jacob is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight. As Noah put it, "Samuel is a knight or Joseph is a knight". In a statement by Jacob: "Joseph is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight". Scarlett asserted: "If Jacob is a knave then Michael is a knight". "If Scarlett is a knight then Ethan is a knave" - Chloe. "Scarlett is a knight and Ethan is a knight" - Joseph. "Michael is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave," Ethan mentioned. "Jacob is a knight" - Samuel. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael Noah Jacob Scarlett Chloe Joseph Ethan Samuel

Michael is a knave, Noah is a knave, Jacob is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Ethan is a knave, and Samuel is a knave.

(1) Michael is a knave
(2) Noah is a knave
(3) Jacob is a knave
(4) Scarlett is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knight
(6) Joseph is a knave
(7) Ethan is a knave
(8) Samuel is a knave

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jacob is a knave then Michael is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Scarlett is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Jacob is a knave then Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Scarlett is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Joseph is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Jacob is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe and Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Jacob is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Joseph is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, Joseph, and Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Jacob is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Scarlett is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Jacob is a knave then Michael is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Scarlett is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jacob is a knave then Michael is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight or Joseph is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Samuel is a knight or Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight or Joseph is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Samuel is a knight or Joseph is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Luke, Emily, Oliver, Jack, Sebastian, Lily, Samuel, and Jacob. In a statement by Luke: "Samuel is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight". "Samuel is not a knight," Emily mentioned. Oliver noted, "If Emily is a knave then Samuel is a knight". According to Jack, "Sebastian is a knight". "Emily is a knight" - Sebastian. "Samuel is a knave or Samuel is a knight" - Lily. Samuel expressed that Luke is a knight and Jacob is a knave. As Jacob put it, "Sebastian is a knave or Lily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke Emily Oliver Jack Sebastian Lily Samuel Jacob

Luke is a knave, Emily is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Jack is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Lily is a knight, Samuel is a knave, and Jacob is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knave
(2) Emily is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Jack is a knight
(5) Sebastian is a knight
(6) Lily is a knight
(7) Samuel is a knave
(8) Jacob is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight and Jacob is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Luke is a knight and Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave or Lily is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is not a knight.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Sebastian is a knave or Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian and Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave or Lily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave or Samuel is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Samuel is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sebastian is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Samuel is a knave or Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Samuel is not a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily and Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Luke is a knight and Jacob is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob and Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight and Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knave then Samuel is a knight.

(('<=>', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 6)), ('->', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1), ('or', ('lying', 6), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 7)), ('or', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 5)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Michael, Penelope, Matthew, Sebastian, Aurora, Avery, Luke, and Riley. "Matthew is a knave and Penelope is a knave" - Michael. Penelope stated, "Avery is not a knave". Matthew remarked, "Luke is a knave and Michael is a knave". Sebastian was heard saying, "Matthew is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knave". Aurora said, "Avery is a knave and Riley is a knight." Avery expressed that Riley is a knave. "Penelope is a knight and Riley is a knave" - Luke. "Aurora is a knave and Sebastian is a knave," Riley mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael Penelope Matthew Sebastian Aurora Avery Luke Riley

Michael is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Avery is a knight, Luke is a knight, and Riley is a knave.

(1) Michael is a knave
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) Matthew is a knave
(4) Sebastian is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knave
(6) Avery is a knight
(7) Luke is a knight
(8) Riley is a knave

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Matthew is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave and Michael is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight and Riley is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Matthew is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Penelope is a knight and Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight and Riley is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is not a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Avery is not a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave and Sebastian is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Aurora is a knave and Sebastian is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is a knave and Riley is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, Avery, Penelope, Luke, and Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave and Michael is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Luke is a knave and Michael is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is not a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Penelope is a knight and Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Avery is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, Avery, Penelope, and Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave and Sebastian is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave and Riley is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave and Riley is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: James, Chloe, Aiden, Joseph, Scarlett, Michael, Avery, and Sophia. According to James, "Sophia is a knave or Chloe is a knight". "James is a knight or Michael is a knight," Chloe claimed. Aiden said that Joseph is a knight and Scarlett is a knight. Joseph remarked, "If Scarlett is a knight then Scarlett is a knave". "Chloe is not a knave," Scarlett mentioned. Michael told you that Scarlett is not a knight. "Joseph is not a knight," Avery claimed. Sophia stated, "Michael is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James Chloe Aiden Joseph Scarlett Michael Avery Sophia

James is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Aiden is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Michael is a knave, Avery is a knight, and Sophia is a knave.

(1) James is a knight
(2) Chloe is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knave
(4) Joseph is a knave
(5) Scarlett is a knight
(6) Michael is a knave
(7) Avery is a knight
(8) Sophia is a knave

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is not a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Scarlett is not a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that Chloe is not a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Sophia is a knave or Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is not a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight or Michael is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight and Scarlett is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Scarlett is a knight then Scarlett is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Joseph is a knight and Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight and Scarlett is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Joseph is a knight and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knight.

(('or', ('lying', 7), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 4)), ('not', ('lying', 1)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('telling-truth', 5))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Scarlett, Alexander, Ella, Jack, Harper, Sophia, Logan, and Abigail. Scarlett remarked, "Harper is a knave and Abigail is a knave". According to Alexander, "If Scarlett is a knave then Jack is a knight". "Scarlett is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave," Ella claimed. "Logan is a knave and Ella is a knave," Jack claimed. In Harper's words: "If Jack is a knight then Sophia is a knight". According to Sophia, "Harper is a knight". "Jack is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave," Logan mentioned. Abigail expressed that Sophia is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett Alexander Ella Jack Harper Sophia Logan Abigail

Scarlett is a knave, Alexander is a knave, Ella is a knight, Jack is a knave, Harper is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Logan is a knight, and Abigail is a knight.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Alexander is a knave
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) Jack is a knave
(5) Harper is a knight
(6) Sophia is a knight
(7) Logan is a knight
(8) Abigail is a knight

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knave and Abigail is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Harper is a knave and Abigail is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jack is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave and Ella is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Logan is a knave and Ella is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Jack is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Scarlett is a knave then Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that If Jack is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave and Abigail is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave and Ella is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Scarlett is a knave then Jack is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Jack is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: James, Mason, Riley, Chloe, Samuel, David, Joseph, and Victoria. James was heard saying, "Samuel is not a knave". Mason was heard saying, "Samuel is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave". Riley was heard saying, "Joseph is a knave". As Chloe put it, "Mason is a knight". Samuel stated, "Joseph is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight". "If Riley is a knave then Riley is a knight," David claimed. As Joseph put it, "Mason is not a knight". According to Victoria, "Chloe is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James Mason Riley Chloe Samuel David Joseph Victoria

James is a knight, Mason is a knave, Riley is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Samuel is a knight, David is a knave, Joseph is a knight, and Victoria is a knight.

(1) James is a knight
(2) Mason is a knave
(3) Riley is a knave
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Samuel is a knight
(6) David is a knave
(7) Joseph is a knight
(8) Victoria is a knight

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Samuel is a knave if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Riley is a knave then Riley is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Riley is a knave then Riley is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Logan, Sofia, Oliver, Luke, Michael, Victoria, Liam, and Benjamin. Logan expressed that Victoria is not a knight. Sofia commented, "If Benjamin is a knave then Logan is a knave". Oliver expressed that If Luke is a knave then Benjamin is a knave. "Benjamin is a knight or Sofia is a knave" - Luke. According to Michael, "Logan is a knight and Victoria is a knight". "Michael is a knight and Liam is a knight," Victoria mentioned. In a statement by Liam: "If Luke is a knave then Benjamin is a knave". "Michael is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave" - Benjamin. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan Sofia Oliver Luke Michael Victoria Liam Benjamin

Logan is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Luke is a knight, Michael is a knave, Victoria is a knave, Liam is a knight, and Benjamin is a knight.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knight
(4) Luke is a knight
(5) Michael is a knave
(6) Victoria is a knave
(7) Liam is a knight
(8) Benjamin is a knight

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight and Liam is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Logan is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Daniel, Emma, Grace, Oliver, David, Liam, Victoria, and Sofia. Daniel stated, "Grace is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knight". As Emma put it, "Grace is not a knight". As Grace put it, "Victoria is a knight". According to Oliver, "David is a knave and Liam is a knight". David said, "Victoria is not a knave." As Liam put it, "David is a knave or Grace is a knight". "Sofia is a knight or Sofia is a knave," Victoria mentioned. Sofia said, "Liam is a knave and Sofia is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel Emma Grace Oliver David Liam Victoria Sofia

Daniel is a knight, Emma is a knave, Grace is a knight, Oliver is a knave, David is a knight, Liam is a knight, Victoria is a knight, and Sofia is a knave.

(1) Daniel is a knight
(2) Emma is a knave
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Oliver is a knave
(5) David is a knight
(6) Liam is a knight
(7) Victoria is a knight
(8) Sofia is a knave

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Grace is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave and Sofia is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or Grace is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is not a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave and Liam is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Zoey, Elizabeth, Victoria, Jack, Ella, Noah, Owen, and Ethan. "Elizabeth is a knight or Owen is a knave," Zoey mentioned. Elizabeth told you that Jack is a knave. Victoria said that Ethan is a knave or Noah is a knight. Jack asserted: "Victoria is not a knave". According to Ella, "Zoey is not a knave". In a statement by Noah: "Zoey is a knave and Victoria is a knight". Owen said that Jack is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight. Ethan stated, "Elizabeth is a knight or Elizabeth is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Zoey Elizabeth Victoria Jack Ella Noah Owen Ethan

Zoey is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Victoria is a knave, Jack is a knave, Ella is a knight, Noah is a knave, Owen is a knight, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Zoey is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knave
(4) Jack is a knave
(5) Ella is a knight
(6) Noah is a knave
(7) Owen is a knight
(8) Ethan is a knight

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Owen is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave or Noah is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Elizabeth is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Ethan is a knave or Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave or Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Michael, Aiden, Owen, Victoria, Abigail, Amelia, Liam, and Jack. Michael commented, "Liam is a knight and Victoria is a knave". Aiden said, "Owen is a knave and Amelia is a knave." Owen said that Victoria is a knight and Liam is a knave. In a statement by Victoria: "Amelia is not a knight". In Abigail's words: "Liam is a knave and Aiden is a knight". In Amelia's words: "Owen is a knight and Jack is a knave". Liam expressed that Victoria is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight. Jack told you that Abigail is a knight or Michael is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael Aiden Owen Victoria Abigail Amelia Liam Jack

Michael is a knave, Aiden is a knight, Owen is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Abigail is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Liam is a knight, and Jack is a knave.

(1) Michael is a knave
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Owen is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knight
(5) Abigail is a knave
(6) Amelia is a knave
(7) Liam is a knight
(8) Jack is a knave

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Liam is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is not a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knight and Liam is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Owen is a knight and Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Amelia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Liam is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight and Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is not a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Amelia is not a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight and Liam is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight or Michael is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Abigail is a knight or Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight or Michael is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave and Amelia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, Luke, Lily, Riley, Samuel, Sophia, Joseph, and David. Jack asserted: "If Lily is a knight then Luke is a knave". Luke asserted: "Joseph is a knight". In Lily's words: "Riley is a knave and Luke is a knave". Riley stated, "Samuel is a knave or Jack is a knight". Samuel commented, "Riley is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight". Sophia remarked, "If David is a knave then Samuel is a knave". Joseph stated, "Samuel is a knight". David commented, "If Joseph is a knave then Luke is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack Luke Lily Riley Samuel Sophia Joseph David

Jack is a knight, Luke is a knave, Lily is a knave, Riley is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Joseph is a knave, and David is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Luke is a knave
(3) Lily is a knave
(4) Riley is a knight
(5) Samuel is a knave
(6) Sophia is a knight
(7) Joseph is a knave
(8) David is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knight then Luke is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Riley is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Samuel is a knave or Jack is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knave then Samuel is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knave then Luke is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aiden, Mia, Alexander, Emily, Elizabeth, Lily, Luke, and Amelia. "Amelia is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave," Aiden claimed. In Mia's words: "Amelia is a knight or Luke is a knight". Alexander said that Amelia is a knight. According to Emily, "If Mia is a knave then Elizabeth is a knave". Elizabeth noted, "Emily is not a knave". Lily expressed that Alexander is a knight or Aiden is a knight. "Emily is a knave," Luke declared. Amelia was heard saying, "Alexander is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden Mia Alexander Emily Elizabeth Lily Luke Amelia

Aiden is a knave, Mia is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Emily is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Lily is a knight, Luke is a knave, and Amelia is a knight.

(1) Aiden is a knave
(2) Mia is a knight
(3) Alexander is a knight
(4) Emily is a knight
(5) Elizabeth is a knight
(6) Lily is a knight
(7) Luke is a knave
(8) Amelia is a knight

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mia is a knave then Elizabeth is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Amelia is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Amelia is a knight or Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Alexander is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Amelia is a knight or Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Amelia is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Alexander is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, Alexander, and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is not a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Aiden is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Isabella, Matthew, Jack, Amelia, Emily, Riley, Elizabeth, and Lucas. Isabella expressed that Amelia is a knave or Matthew is a knight. Matthew said, "If Jack is a knight then Matthew is a knight." Jack expressed that Riley is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight. In Amelia's words: "Lucas is a knave or Isabella is a knight". Emily was heard saying, "Jack is a knave and Riley is a knave". According to Riley, "Jack is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight". Elizabeth remarked, "Matthew is not a knave". "Jack is a knight," Lucas declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella Matthew Jack Amelia Emily Riley Elizabeth Lucas

Isabella is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Jack is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Emily is a knave, Riley is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, and Lucas is a knight.

(1) Isabella is a knight
(2) Matthew is a knight
(3) Jack is a knight
(4) Amelia is a knight
(5) Emily is a knave
(6) Riley is a knight
(7) Elizabeth is a knight
(8) Lucas is a knight

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave or Matthew is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Isabella is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Jack is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knight then Matthew is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave and Riley is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave and Riley is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Amelia, Avery, David, Ethan, Alexander, Michael, Zoey, and Riley. Amelia noted, "Michael is a knave". Avery remarked, "Zoey is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave". David told you that Michael is not a knight. Ethan said that Zoey is not a knave. "Ethan is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight," Alexander declared. Michael was heard saying, "If Ethan is a knight then Zoey is a knave". "Alexander is a knight or Michael is a knight," Zoey mentioned. Riley told you that Alexander is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia Avery David Ethan Alexander Michael Zoey Riley

Amelia is a knight, Avery is a knave, David is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Michael is a knave, Zoey is a knight, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Amelia is a knight
(2) Avery is a knave
(3) David is a knight
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Alexander is a knight
(6) Michael is a knave
(7) Zoey is a knight
(8) Riley is a knight

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ethan is a knight then Zoey is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Michael is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knave.