A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ethan, Olivia, Sofia, Samuel, Mason, Charlotte, Benjamin, and William. Ethan noted, "If Mason is a knave then Benjamin is a knight". "Sofia is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave," Olivia declared. In a statement by Sofia: "Samuel is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave". Samuel asserted: "Benjamin is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave". Mason was heard saying, "If Samuel is a knight then Olivia is a knight". "Samuel is a knight," Charlotte claimed. As Benjamin put it, "Mason is a knight". "Ethan is not a knight," William declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan Olivia Sofia Samuel Mason Charlotte Benjamin William

Ethan is a knave, Olivia is a knave, Sofia is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Mason is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, and William is a knight.

(1) Ethan is a knave
(2) Olivia is a knave
(3) Sofia is a knight
(4) Samuel is a knight
(5) Mason is a knave
(6) Charlotte is a knight
(7) Benjamin is a knave
(8) William is a knight

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Mason is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Sofia is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Samuel is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that If Samuel is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Benjamin is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin and Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Samuel is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that If Mason is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that If Samuel is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Mason is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that If Mason is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that If Mason is a knave then Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that If Samuel is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Luke, Zoey, Grace, Alexander, Oliver, Evelyn, Riley, and Ava. Luke stated, "Riley is a knight and Zoey is a knave". "Grace is a knight," Zoey mentioned. Grace told you that Luke is a knave if and only if Ava is a knight. In a statement by Alexander: "Riley is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave". In a statement by Oliver: "Luke is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave". According to Evelyn, "If Grace is a knight then Zoey is a knave". Riley noted, "Zoey is a knave and Grace is a knave". "Oliver is not a knave," Ava claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke Zoey Grace Alexander Oliver Evelyn Riley Ava

Luke is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Grace is a knight, Alexander is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Riley is a knave, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knave
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knave
(5) Oliver is a knight
(6) Evelyn is a knave
(7) Riley is a knave
(8) Ava is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave and Grace is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Riley is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Ava is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Oliver is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Luke is a knave if and only if Ava is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, Grace, and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Riley is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Zoey is a knave and Grace is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Riley is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave and Grace is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Ava is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Grace is a knight then Zoey is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Grace is a knight then Zoey is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sebastian, Sophia, Aria, Jackson, Grace, Matthew, Ethan, and Aiden. Sebastian remarked, "Jackson is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave". Sophia asserted: "Aiden is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knave". "Sophia is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knave," Aria mentioned. "Grace is a knight or Aiden is a knave," Jackson declared. Grace expressed that Jackson is a knight and Grace is a knight. Matthew said that Aiden is not a knave. Ethan noted, "Jackson is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight". In Aiden's words: "Sebastian is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian Sophia Aria Jackson Grace Matthew Ethan Aiden

Sebastian is a knight, Sophia is a knave, Aria is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Grace is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Ethan is a knave, and Aiden is a knave.

(1) Sebastian is a knight
(2) Sophia is a knave
(3) Aria is a knave
(4) Jackson is a knight
(5) Grace is a knight
(6) Matthew is a knave
(7) Ethan is a knave
(8) Aiden is a knave

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight or Aiden is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight and Grace is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is not a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is not a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is not a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is not a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aria, Aurora, Lucas, Joseph, Benjamin, James, Oliver, and Victoria. "James is a knight and Benjamin is a knight," Aria declared. Aurora told you that Joseph is a knight. "If Benjamin is a knave then Aria is a knight," Lucas claimed. Joseph commented, "If Joseph is a knight then Aurora is a knight". Benjamin said, "If Aria is a knave then Victoria is a knight." "Lucas is a knight and Benjamin is a knight," James claimed. Oliver told you that James is a knave or Benjamin is a knight. Victoria expressed that Aria is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria Aurora Lucas Joseph Benjamin James Oliver Victoria

Aria is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, James is a knight, Oliver is a knight, and Victoria is a knave.

(1) Aria is a knight
(2) Aurora is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knight
(4) Joseph is a knight
(5) Benjamin is a knight
(6) James is a knight
(7) Oliver is a knight
(8) Victoria is a knave

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight and Benjamin is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight and Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Aria is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knave then Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or Benjamin is a knight.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('telling-truth', 3), ('->', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('->', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('lying', 5), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('lying', 0))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Avery, Henry, Aiden, James, Luke, Jacob, Liam, and Chloe. Avery remarked, "If Aiden is a knave then Liam is a knave". According to Henry, "James is not a knight". Aiden asserted: "James is a knave and Luke is a knave". James asserted: "Chloe is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knave". Luke asserted: "James is a knave". Jacob expressed that Liam is not a knave. "Chloe is a knave or James is a knave," Liam declared. Chloe remarked, "Aiden is a knight and Luke is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery Henry Aiden James Luke Jacob Liam Chloe

Avery is a knave, Henry is a knight, Aiden is a knave, James is a knave, Luke is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Liam is a knight, and Chloe is a knave.

(1) Avery is a knave
(2) Henry is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knave
(4) James is a knave
(5) Luke is a knight
(6) Jacob is a knight
(7) Liam is a knight
(8) Chloe is a knave

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knave then Liam is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave and Luke is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that James is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that James is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight and Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, Chloe, and James, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave and Luke is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knight if and only if Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that If Aiden is a knave then Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Chloe is a knave or James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that James is a knave and Luke is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, Chloe, James, and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aiden is a knave then Liam is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that If Aiden is a knave then Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or James is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Oliver, Zoey, Aria, Henry, Liam, Ella, Victoria, and Scarlett. Oliver expressed that Zoey is a knight and Victoria is a knight. Zoey was heard saying, "If Aria is a knave then Liam is a knight". Aria expressed that Henry is a knave and Liam is a knight. Henry said that If Zoey is a knight then Henry is a knight. Liam remarked, "Ella is a knave or Henry is a knight". Ella was heard saying, "Aria is a knight or Liam is a knave". In Victoria's words: "Zoey is a knight or Oliver is a knight". Scarlett expressed that Victoria is a knave if and only if Henry is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver Zoey Aria Henry Liam Ella Victoria Scarlett

Oliver is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Aria is a knave, Henry is a knight, Liam is a knight, Ella is a knave, Victoria is a knight, and Scarlett is a knight.

(1) Oliver is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Aria is a knave
(4) Henry is a knight
(5) Liam is a knight
(6) Ella is a knave
(7) Victoria is a knight
(8) Scarlett is a knight

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knave then Liam is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Henry is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Zoey is a knight then Henry is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Ella is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aria is a knight or Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Henry is a knave and Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Henry is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is a knight or Liam is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knight or Liam is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight or Oliver is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave if and only if Henry is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Alexander, Jackson, Emily, Grace, Luke, Emma, Noah, and David. Alexander stated, "Alexander is a knight or Emily is a knight". "If Alexander is a knave then Noah is a knight," Jackson claimed. Emily stated, "If Jackson is a knight then Grace is a knight". Grace said that Jackson is not a knave. "Alexander is not a knight" - Luke. Emma expressed that If Luke is a knave then Alexander is a knave. As Noah put it, "Grace is a knave or Alexander is a knave". David remarked, "Grace is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander Jackson Emily Grace Luke Emma Noah David

Alexander is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Emily is a knight, Grace is a knight, Luke is a knave, Emma is a knave, Noah is a knave, and David is a knight.

(1) Alexander is a knight
(2) Jackson is a knight
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Luke is a knave
(6) Emma is a knave
(7) Noah is a knave
(8) David is a knight

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knight then Grace is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave or Alexander is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Grace is a knave or Alexander is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that If Jackson is a knight then Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave or Alexander is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Luke is a knave then Alexander is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Luke is a knave then Alexander is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Luke, Lily, Lucas, Riley, Ethan, Jackson, Mason, and Emily. Luke commented, "Lucas is a knight and Mason is a knight". "Mason is a knight or Jackson is a knave," Lily mentioned. According to Lucas, "Jackson is not a knave". "Lily is a knight" - Riley. In a statement by Ethan: "Jackson is not a knight". As Jackson put it, "Jackson is a knight and Luke is a knight". "Riley is not a knight," Mason claimed. Emily expressed that Luke is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke Lily Lucas Riley Ethan Jackson Mason Emily

Luke is a knave, Lily is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Riley is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Jackson is a knave, Mason is a knave, and Emily is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knave
(2) Lily is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knave
(4) Riley is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knight
(6) Jackson is a knave
(7) Mason is a knave
(8) Emily is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mason is a knight or Jackson is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily and Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Lucas is a knight and Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Jackson is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Lucas is a knight and Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Jackson is not a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight or Jackson is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave.

(('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 6), ('lying', 5)), ('not', ('lying', 5)), ('telling-truth', 1), ('not', ('telling-truth', 5)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('lying', 0))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sofia, Charlotte, William, Noah, Chloe, Avery, Henry, and Olivia. In a statement by Sofia: "If Noah is a knight then Sofia is a knight". Charlotte told you that Chloe is a knave. In William's words: "Charlotte is a knave". In Noah's words: "Henry is a knight or Sofia is a knave". Chloe stated, "William is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave". "Sofia is a knight" - Avery. Henry was heard saying, "Sofia is a knight". "If Olivia is a knight then William is a knight," Olivia mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia Charlotte William Noah Chloe Avery Henry Olivia

Sofia is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, William is a knight, Noah is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Avery is a knave, Henry is a knave, and Olivia is a knight.

(1) Sofia is a knave
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) William is a knight
(4) Noah is a knight
(5) Chloe is a knight
(6) Avery is a knave
(7) Henry is a knave
(8) Olivia is a knight

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knight then Sofia is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that William is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, William, and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that William is a knight if and only if Avery is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider William.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Charlotte is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Chloe is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Henry is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Henry is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry and Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Noah is a knight then Sofia is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Olivia is a knight then William is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Olivia is a knight then William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, Avery, William, and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knight then William is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Evelyn, James, Sophia, Matthew, Ethan, Luke, Scarlett, and Logan. As Evelyn put it, "Logan is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knight". James expressed that Scarlett is a knight and James is a knight. Sophia commented, "Evelyn is a knight". Matthew remarked, "Ethan is not a knight". Ethan asserted: "If Scarlett is a knight then Logan is a knave". Luke expressed that If Matthew is a knave then Sophia is a knave. Scarlett stated, "Sophia is a knave and James is a knight". In Logan's words: "Matthew is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn James Sophia Matthew Ethan Luke Scarlett Logan

Evelyn is a knave, James is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Matthew is a knave, Ethan is a knight, Luke is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, and Logan is a knight.

(1) Evelyn is a knave
(2) James is a knave
(3) Sophia is a knave
(4) Matthew is a knave
(5) Ethan is a knight
(6) Luke is a knight
(7) Scarlett is a knave
(8) Logan is a knight

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Matthew is not a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is not a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Logan is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that If Scarlett is a knight then Logan is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Logan is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that Ethan is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan and Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is not a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Ethan is not a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Scarlett is a knight then Logan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Matthew is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Logan is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave and James is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight and James is a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight and James is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knave then Sophia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jacob, Amelia, Samuel, Liam, Emily, Owen, Logan, and Scarlett. Jacob asserted: "If Owen is a knight then Logan is a knave". Amelia said that If Owen is a knight then Liam is a knight. Samuel asserted: "Liam is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight". As Liam put it, "Logan is a knight and Samuel is a knight". "If Scarlett is a knave then Liam is a knave" - Emily. Owen said that Logan is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight. Logan told you that Liam is a knave. "Jacob is a knave if and only if Logan is a knave" - Scarlett. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob Amelia Samuel Liam Emily Owen Logan Scarlett

Jacob is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Samuel is a knave, Liam is a knave, Emily is a knight, Owen is a knight, Logan is a knight, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) Jacob is a knave
(2) Amelia is a knave
(3) Samuel is a knave
(4) Liam is a knave
(5) Emily is a knight
(6) Owen is a knight
(7) Logan is a knight
(8) Scarlett is a knave

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knight then Logan is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that If Owen is a knight then Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Amelia is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Logan is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Liam is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, Logan, and Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knight then Logan is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Owen is a knight then Liam is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knight then Liam is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knave then Liam is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knave if and only if Logan is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Logan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Daniel, Abigail, Ethan, Joseph, Jackson, William, Victoria, and Lily. Daniel said that Lily is a knave. In a statement by Abigail: "If William is a knave then Daniel is a knave". Ethan told you that Daniel is a knight. Joseph asserted: "William is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave". "William is a knave and William is a knight," Jackson claimed. William stated, "Victoria is a knight". Victoria remarked, "If Jackson is a knight then Ethan is a knight". "Abigail is a knight or Ethan is a knight," Lily declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel Abigail Ethan Joseph Jackson William Victoria Lily

Daniel is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Jackson is a knave, William is a knight, Victoria is a knight, and Lily is a knight.

(1) Daniel is a knave
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Ethan is a knave
(4) Joseph is a knave
(5) Jackson is a knave
(6) William is a knight
(7) Victoria is a knight
(8) Lily is a knight

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight or Ethan is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lily that Abigail is a knight or Ethan is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If William is a knave then Daniel is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that If William is a knave then Daniel is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jackson is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave and William is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that If Jackson is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, Victoria, William, Abigail, and Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight or Ethan is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knave then Daniel is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave and William is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave if and only if Ethan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Riley, Abigail, Ella, Evelyn, Aiden, Michael, Jackson, and Logan. In a statement by Riley: "Riley is a knight or Logan is a knight". "If Ella is a knight then Jackson is a knave," Abigail mentioned. In a statement by Ella: "Abigail is a knave or Abigail is a knight". In a statement by Evelyn: "Aiden is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight". In a statement by Aiden: "Jackson is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight". "Evelyn is not a knight," Michael mentioned. Jackson expressed that Michael is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave. Logan remarked, "If Logan is a knight then Evelyn is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley Abigail Ella Evelyn Aiden Michael Jackson Logan

Riley is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Ella is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Aiden is a knave, Michael is a knight, Jackson is a knave, and Logan is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knight
(2) Abigail is a knight
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) Evelyn is a knave
(5) Aiden is a knave
(6) Michael is a knight
(7) Jackson is a knave
(8) Logan is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight or Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that If Logan is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Michael is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Evelyn is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Aiden is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight if and only if Ella is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Aiden is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is not a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then Jackson is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Liam, Owen, Zoey, Alexander, James, Emily, and Jacob. Elizabeth said that Jacob is a knight and Owen is a knave. Liam said, "Emily is a knave." Owen said, "Emily is a knight." "Elizabeth is a knave," Zoey claimed. "Elizabeth is a knight if and only if James is a knave," Alexander mentioned. James commented, "Zoey is not a knight". Emily expressed that Zoey is a knave or Alexander is a knight. Jacob commented, "If Elizabeth is a knave then Owen is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth Liam Owen Zoey Alexander James Emily Jacob

Elizabeth is a knave, Liam is a knight, Owen is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Alexander is a knave, James is a knave, Emily is a knave, and Jacob is a knave.

(1) Elizabeth is a knave
(2) Liam is a knight
(3) Owen is a knave
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Alexander is a knave
(6) James is a knave
(7) Emily is a knave
(8) Jacob is a knave

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight and Owen is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Jacob is a knight and Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Zoey is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, Emily, and Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Jacob is a knight and Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight and Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is not a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Zoey is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Jacob is a knight and Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that If Elizabeth is a knave then Owen is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Zoey is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Olivia, Aiden, Victoria, Ethan, Isabella, Mia, Zoey, and Avery. Olivia stated, "Isabella is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave". Aiden commented, "Avery is a knave or Avery is a knight". Victoria said that Aiden is a knight and Ethan is a knight. Ethan expressed that Mia is a knave or Aiden is a knave. Isabella asserted: "If Victoria is a knave then Victoria is a knight". Mia asserted: "Isabella is a knave and Aiden is a knave". Zoey said that If Avery is a knave then Isabella is a knight. Avery told you that Zoey is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia Aiden Victoria Ethan Isabella Mia Zoey Avery

Olivia is a knave, Aiden is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Mia is a knave, Zoey is a knight, and Avery is a knave.

(1) Olivia is a knave
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Isabella is a knight
(6) Mia is a knave
(7) Zoey is a knight
(8) Avery is a knave

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knave then Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave or Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Zoey is not a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Avery is a knave then Isabella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Avery is a knave then Isabella is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Isabella is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Aiden is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is a knave or Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that If Victoria is a knave then Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Victoria is a knave then Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Isabella that If Victoria is a knave then Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight and Ethan is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Avery is a knave then Isabella is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Zoey is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden, Victoria, and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave or Aiden is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Mia is a knave or Aiden is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave and Aiden is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mason, Michael, Ethan, Abigail, Benjamin, Aria, Daniel, and Aurora. Mason noted, "If Aurora is a knight then Ethan is a knave". Michael said that Benjamin is a knave or Mason is a knave. "If Abigail is a knave then Aurora is a knight," Ethan declared. Abigail asserted: "Benjamin is not a knave". "Aurora is not a knight" - Benjamin. As Aria put it, "Daniel is not a knight". Daniel told you that Abigail is a knight. "If Aria is a knave then Daniel is a knight" - Aurora. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason Michael Ethan Abigail Benjamin Aria Daniel Aurora

Mason is a knave, Michael is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Abigail is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Aria is a knight, Daniel is a knave, and Aurora is a knight.

(1) Mason is a knave
(2) Michael is a knight
(3) Ethan is a knight
(4) Abigail is a knave
(5) Benjamin is a knave
(6) Aria is a knight
(7) Daniel is a knave
(8) Aurora is a knight

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Daniel is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is not a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that If Aurora is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Abigail is a knave then Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, Benjamin, Abigail, and Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is not a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is not a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Benjamin is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that Daniel is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel and Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aria is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that If Aria is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that If Aria is a knave then Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, Aria, and Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aurora is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knave then Aurora is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave or Mason is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aria, Ella, Aurora, Jackson, Sofia, Sophia, Lily, and Matthew. In a statement by Aria: "Sophia is a knave". In Ella's words: "If Matthew is a knight then Aurora is a knight". Aurora told you that Jackson is not a knave. "Sofia is a knight or Ella is a knight," Jackson declared. According to Sofia, "Sophia is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave". "Matthew is a knight" - Sophia. Lily told you that Matthew is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight. Matthew remarked, "Ella is a knave and Ella is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria Ella Aurora Jackson Sofia Sophia Lily Matthew

Aria is a knight, Ella is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Sophia is a knave, Lily is a knight, and Matthew is a knave.

(1) Aria is a knight
(2) Ella is a knight
(3) Aurora is a knight
(4) Jackson is a knight
(5) Sofia is a knight
(6) Sophia is a knave
(7) Lily is a knight
(8) Matthew is a knave

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knave and Ella is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knight then Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight or Ella is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight if and only if Aria is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Ella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emma, Charlotte, Sophia, Sofia, Emily, Michael, Sebastian, and Evelyn. "Sophia is a knave and Sofia is a knave," Emma declared. As Charlotte put it, "Emma is not a knave". Sophia said, "Charlotte is a knave and Emma is a knight." In a statement by Sofia: "Charlotte is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave". Emily stated, "Evelyn is a knight". "Sophia is a knave or Emma is a knave," Michael mentioned. "Charlotte is a knight," Sebastian mentioned. Evelyn commented, "Emma is a knight and Emma is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma Charlotte Sophia Sofia Emily Michael Sebastian Evelyn

Emma is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Sophia is a knave, Sofia is a knave, Emily is a knave, Michael is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, and Evelyn is a knave.

(1) Emma is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) Sophia is a knave
(4) Sofia is a knave
(5) Emily is a knave
(6) Michael is a knight
(7) Sebastian is a knight
(8) Evelyn is a knave

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Sophia is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave and Emma is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Sophia is a knave and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Emma is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave or Emma is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Noah, Joseph, Charlotte, Ethan, Penelope, Sophia, Lucas, and Scarlett. Noah expressed that Ethan is a knight. Joseph said that Ethan is a knight and Lucas is a knight. Charlotte expressed that If Noah is a knave then Scarlett is a knight. As Ethan put it, "Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knave". Penelope said, "Joseph is a knight or Charlotte is a knave." Sophia asserted: "Noah is a knight or Scarlett is a knave". Lucas expressed that Scarlett is a knave and Sophia is a knight. Scarlett stated, "Lucas is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah Joseph Charlotte Ethan Penelope Sophia Lucas Scarlett

Noah is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, Ethan is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Lucas is a knight, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) Noah is a knave
(2) Joseph is a knave
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Ethan is a knave
(5) Penelope is a knight
(6) Sophia is a knight
(7) Lucas is a knight
(8) Scarlett is a knave

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Joseph is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Ethan is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Scarlett is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Noah is a knight or Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, Scarlett, Lucas, Joseph, and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Ethan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight and Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Scarlett is a knave and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight or Scarlett is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Noah is a knave then Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Noah is a knave then Scarlett is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, Harper, Charlotte, Matthew, William, Samuel, David, and Emma. According to Jack, "If Emma is a knight then Samuel is a knave". Harper stated, "Charlotte is a knave or Jack is a knight". "Emma is not a knight" - Charlotte. According to Matthew, "Jack is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave". William remarked, "Harper is a knight". As Samuel put it, "Matthew is not a knight". In David's words: "Jack is not a knight". Emma asserted: "David is a knave if and only if William is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack Harper Charlotte Matthew William Samuel David Emma

Jack is a knight, Harper is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Matthew is a knight, William is a knight, Samuel is a knave, David is a knave, and Emma is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Harper is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) William is a knight
(6) Samuel is a knave
(7) David is a knave
(8) Emma is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Samuel is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave if and only if William is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is not a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is not a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is not a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is not a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that If Emma is a knight then Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is not a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: William, Oliver, Henry, Mia, Chloe, Grace, Emily, and Scarlett. William told you that Henry is not a knave. Oliver asserted: "Emily is not a knight". "Oliver is not a knave" - Henry. "If Henry is a knave then Oliver is a knave," Mia claimed. Chloe remarked, "William is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight". Grace said, "Mia is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave." "Mia is a knave and Grace is a knave," Emily claimed. Scarlett stated, "Oliver is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William Oliver Henry Mia Chloe Grace Emily Scarlett

William is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Henry is a knight, Mia is a knight, Chloe is a knave, Grace is a knave, Emily is a knave, and Scarlett is a knave.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knight
(3) Henry is a knight
(4) Mia is a knight
(5) Chloe is a knave
(6) Grace is a knave
(7) Emily is a knave
(8) Scarlett is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is not a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Emily is not a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave and Grace is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Henry is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is not a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Isabella, Mason, Luke, Matthew, Joseph, Henry, Zoey, and Evelyn. In Isabella's words: "Mason is a knight". In Mason's words: "Zoey is a knave or Isabella is a knave". "Matthew is not a knight," Luke claimed. "Isabella is a knave" - Matthew. "Isabella is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave," Joseph declared. Henry expressed that Luke is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight. "If Evelyn is a knight then Matthew is a knight" - Zoey. As Evelyn put it, "Matthew is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella Mason Luke Matthew Joseph Henry Zoey Evelyn

Isabella is a knight, Mason is a knight, Luke is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Henry is a knave, Zoey is a knave, and Evelyn is a knight.

(1) Isabella is a knight
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knave
(5) Joseph is a knave
(6) Henry is a knave
(7) Zoey is a knave
(8) Evelyn is a knight

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave or Isabella is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Zoey is a knave or Isabella is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Evelyn is a knight then Matthew is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Evelyn is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Amelia, Owen, Mason, Aurora, Olivia, Isabella, Sophia, and Matthew. "Matthew is a knight" - Amelia. Owen asserted: "Olivia is a knave". In Mason's words: "Sophia is not a knight". In Aurora's words: "Amelia is not a knight". Olivia was heard saying, "Mason is not a knave". Isabella told you that Aurora is a knight and Sophia is a knight. Sophia stated, "If Isabella is a knight then Isabella is a knave". Matthew commented, "If Aurora is a knight then Mason is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia Owen Mason Aurora Olivia Isabella Sophia Matthew

Amelia is a knight, Owen is a knight, Mason is a knave, Aurora is a knave, Olivia is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Sophia is a knight, and Matthew is a knight.

(1) Amelia is a knight
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Aurora is a knave
(5) Olivia is a knave
(6) Isabella is a knave
(7) Sophia is a knight
(8) Matthew is a knight

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aurora is a knight then Mason is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is not a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is not a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Sophia is not a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Isabella is a knight then Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knight and Sophia is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that If Isabella is a knight then Isabella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is not a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Isabella is a knight then Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight and Sophia is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Olivia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.

(('telling-truth', 7), ('lying', 4), ('not', ('telling-truth', 6)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('not', ('lying', 2)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 5), ('lying', 5)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Luke, Elizabeth, Jackson, Chloe, Emily, Jacob, William, and Isabella. "William is a knave or Jacob is a knight" - Luke. Elizabeth stated, "Chloe is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave". "Emily is a knight if and only if Luke is a knight," Jackson mentioned. Chloe noted, "Emily is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight". In Emily's words: "Elizabeth is a knave". In Jacob's words: "If Elizabeth is a knave then Luke is a knight". William expressed that Isabella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight. Isabella asserted: "Emily is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke Elizabeth Jackson Chloe Emily Jacob William Isabella

Luke is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, Jackson is a knave, Chloe is a knave, Emily is a knight, Jacob is a knave, William is a knight, and Isabella is a knave.

(1) Luke is a knave
(2) Elizabeth is a knave
(3) Jackson is a knave
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Emily is a knight
(6) Jacob is a knave
(7) William is a knight
(8) Isabella is a knave

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Isabella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emily is a knight if and only if Luke is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Chloe is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth and Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Chloe is a knight if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emily is a knight if and only if Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, Chloe, and Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that Isabella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Emily is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Isabella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Isabella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Isabella that Emily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, Isabella, and William, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Luke is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that William is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Elizabeth is a knave then Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Luke is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Logan, Penelope, Sophia, Olivia, Emily, David, Lucas, and Oliver. Logan told you that Oliver is not a knave. "If Logan is a knave then Lucas is a knight," Penelope mentioned. "Oliver is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight," Sophia claimed. In a statement by Olivia: "Logan is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave". Emily told you that Olivia is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight. David remarked, "Oliver is a knight and Penelope is a knight". As Lucas put it, "David is a knight or Emily is a knight". In Oliver's words: "Emily is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan Penelope Sophia Olivia Emily David Lucas Oliver

Logan is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Sophia is a knave, Olivia is a knight, Emily is a knave, David is a knight, Lucas is a knight, and Oliver is a knight.

(1) Logan is a knight
(2) Penelope is a knight
(3) Sophia is a knave
(4) Olivia is a knight
(5) Emily is a knave
(6) David is a knight
(7) Lucas is a knight
(8) Oliver is a knight

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is not a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Emily is not a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knave then Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or Emily is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight and Penelope is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Scarlett, Mason, Mia, Grace, Aurora, Abigail, Ella, and Jack. Scarlett stated, "Grace is a knave". Mason expressed that Jack is a knave and Scarlett is a knight. "Scarlett is a knave or Mia is a knight" - Mia. Grace stated, "Mia is a knight or Abigail is a knight". Aurora expressed that Mia is a knave and Scarlett is a knight. In Abigail's words: "Grace is a knight or Jack is a knave". Ella stated, "If Grace is a knave then Jack is a knight". In a statement by Jack: "If Jack is a knight then Abigail is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett Mason Mia Grace Aurora Abigail Ella Jack

Scarlett is a knave, Mason is a knave, Mia is a knight, Grace is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Ella is a knight, and Jack is a knight.

(1) Scarlett is a knave
(2) Mason is a knave
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knave
(6) Abigail is a knight
(7) Ella is a knight
(8) Jack is a knight

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight or Abigail is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Mia is a knight or Abigail is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave or Mia is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Mia is a knight or Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight or Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Jack is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Grace is a knight or Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, Abigail, Mia, and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Abigail is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave or Mia is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight or Jack is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knave then Jack is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emma, Emily, Amelia, Owen, Chloe, Mason, Sebastian, and Benjamin. In a statement by Emma: "Chloe is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave". Emily commented, "Benjamin is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave". Amelia told you that Emma is a knight. As Owen put it, "Chloe is not a knave". In Chloe's words: "If Benjamin is a knight then Chloe is a knight". "Emma is a knave or Owen is a knave," Mason declared. "Owen is a knight," Sebastian declared. Benjamin remarked, "Emma is a knave or Emily is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma Emily Amelia Owen Chloe Mason Sebastian Benjamin

Emma is a knave, Emily is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Owen is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Mason is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, and Benjamin is a knight.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Emily is a knight
(3) Amelia is a knave
(4) Owen is a knight
(5) Chloe is a knight
(6) Mason is a knight
(7) Sebastian is a knight
(8) Benjamin is a knight

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave or Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Emma is a knave or Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave or Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that Emma is a knave or Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily and Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Benjamin is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that If Benjamin is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Mason is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave or Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: James, Owen, Sophia, Alexander, Scarlett, Victoria, Sebastian, and Mason. "Mason is a knave and Owen is a knight," James mentioned. "Scarlett is a knight and Scarlett is a knave," Owen declared. Sophia remarked, "Owen is a knave". Alexander commented, "Owen is not a knight". "Alexander is a knave" - Scarlett. Victoria stated, "James is a knight and Alexander is a knave". Sebastian noted, "If Sophia is a knave then James is a knave". In Mason's words: "Victoria is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James Owen Sophia Alexander Scarlett Victoria Sebastian Mason

James is a knave, Owen is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Alexander is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Victoria is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, and Mason is a knight.

(1) James is a knave
(2) Owen is a knave
(3) Sophia is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knight
(5) Scarlett is a knave
(6) Victoria is a knave
(7) Sebastian is a knight
(8) Mason is a knight

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Mason is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that James is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is not a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Mason is a knave and Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Victoria is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria and Mason, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave and Owen is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is not a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Alexander is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knave then James is a knave.