A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aurora, Lucas, Benjamin, Ella, Logan, Henry, Olivia, and Penelope. In a statement by Aurora: "Benjamin is a knight or Olivia is a knave". Lucas remarked, "Olivia is a knight". Benjamin said, "If Olivia is a knave then Ella is a knave." In Ella's words: "If Lucas is a knight then Henry is a knave". As Logan put it, "If Penelope is a knight then Aurora is a knave". Henry noted, "Lucas is a knave and Penelope is a knave". Olivia said that Aurora is a knave. "Olivia is a knave or Benjamin is a knave," Penelope declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora Lucas Benjamin Ella Logan Henry Olivia Penelope

Aurora is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Ella is a knight, Logan is a knave, Henry is a knave, Olivia is a knave, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Aurora is a knight
(2) Lucas is a knave
(3) Benjamin is a knave
(4) Ella is a knight
(5) Logan is a knave
(6) Henry is a knave
(7) Olivia is a knave
(8) Penelope is a knight

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight or Olivia is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knave then Ella is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that If Olivia is a knave then Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Lucas is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that If Lucas is a knight then Henry is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, Ella, and Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Olivia is a knave then Ella is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Benjamin is a knight or Olivia is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knight then Henry is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Lucas is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Olivia is a knave or Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave or Benjamin is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Penelope is a knight then Aurora is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Penelope is a knight then Aurora is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ella, Chloe, Charlotte, Samuel, Mia, Emma, Emily, and Grace. "Grace is a knave," Ella declared. Chloe asserted: "Chloe is a knight or Mia is a knight". "Grace is a knave and Emily is a knave," Charlotte claimed. Samuel remarked, "Emma is a knave". According to Mia, "Grace is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave". Emma commented, "Chloe is not a knight". According to Emily, "Ella is a knight or Samuel is a knight". In a statement by Grace: "Emily is a knave and Chloe is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella Chloe Charlotte Samuel Mia Emma Emily Grace

Ella is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Mia is a knight, Emma is a knave, Emily is a knight, and Grace is a knave.

(1) Ella is a knight
(2) Chloe is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Samuel is a knight
(5) Mia is a knight
(6) Emma is a knave
(7) Emily is a knight
(8) Grace is a knave

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is not a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knave and Emily is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave and Emily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ethan, Samuel, Lily, Sophia, David, Grace, Jack, and Evelyn. "Grace is a knight and Jack is a knave," Ethan mentioned. According to Samuel, "Lily is a knight". As Lily put it, "Ethan is not a knave". Sophia said that Jack is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight. David commented, "If Lily is a knave then Ethan is a knight". Grace said that If Samuel is a knight then Sophia is a knave. Jack said, "Grace is a knight." "Lily is a knight and Sophia is a knave" - Evelyn. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan Samuel Lily Sophia David Grace Jack Evelyn

Ethan is a knave, Samuel is a knave, Lily is a knave, Sophia is a knave, David is a knave, Grace is a knight, Jack is a knight, and Evelyn is a knave.

(1) Ethan is a knave
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) Lily is a knave
(4) Sophia is a knave
(5) David is a knave
(6) Grace is a knight
(7) Jack is a knight
(8) Evelyn is a knave

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that If Samuel is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Grace is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Jack is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ethan is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily and Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Grace is a knight and Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is not a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is not a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Jack is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Grace is a knight and Jack is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Lily is a knave then Ethan is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Lily is a knave then Ethan is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight and Sophia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Riley, Matthew, Penelope, Sofia, Chloe, Ava, Samuel, and Aurora. "Sofia is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight," Riley declared. As Matthew put it, "Penelope is a knave". Penelope expressed that Riley is not a knave. According to Sofia, "If Chloe is a knight then Riley is a knight". Chloe asserted: "Riley is a knight or Matthew is a knight". Ava noted, "Aurora is a knight". "If Chloe is a knave then Ava is a knight," Samuel declared. Aurora expressed that Samuel is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley Matthew Penelope Sofia Chloe Ava Samuel Aurora

Riley is a knave, Matthew is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Sofia is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Ava is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Aurora is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Matthew is a knight
(3) Penelope is a knave
(4) Sofia is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knight
(6) Ava is a knight
(7) Samuel is a knight
(8) Aurora is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Sofia is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Chloe is a knight then Riley is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Sofia is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Chloe is a knight then Riley is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knight or Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knave then Ava is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Grace, Michael, Joseph, Logan, Aurora, Jacob, Matthew, and Sophia. Grace expressed that Jacob is a knave and Michael is a knight. In a statement by Michael: "Sophia is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave". According to Joseph, "Michael is a knave and Jacob is a knight". Logan asserted: "Jacob is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave". Aurora was heard saying, "Matthew is a knight and Sophia is a knave". Jacob said that Michael is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave. Matthew asserted: "Sophia is not a knave". "Aurora is a knave and Joseph is a knight," Sophia mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace Michael Joseph Logan Aurora Jacob Matthew Sophia

Grace is a knave, Michael is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Logan is a knave, Aurora is a knave, Jacob is a knave, Matthew is a knave, and Sophia is a knave.

(1) Grace is a knave
(2) Michael is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knave
(4) Logan is a knave
(5) Aurora is a knave
(6) Jacob is a knave
(7) Matthew is a knave
(8) Sophia is a knave

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Jacob is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Sophia is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Aurora is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sophia is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew and Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is not a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Matthew is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Matthew is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is not a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Sophia is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, Matthew, Aurora, and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Jacob is a knave and Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael and Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Michael is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that Jacob is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is not a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Sophia is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Sophia is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Jacob is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Victoria, Riley, Luke, Jacob, Chloe, Noah, Harper, and Owen. Victoria said that Jacob is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knight. In Riley's words: "If Harper is a knave then Riley is a knight". Luke said, "Riley is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knave." "Harper is not a knight," Jacob declared. Chloe remarked, "Victoria is not a knight". Noah said, "Noah is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave." "Noah is a knave or Jacob is a knight," Harper claimed. As Owen put it, "Chloe is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria Riley Luke Jacob Chloe Noah Harper Owen

Victoria is a knave, Riley is a knight, Luke is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Noah is a knave, Harper is a knight, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Victoria is a knave
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Jacob is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knight
(6) Noah is a knave
(7) Harper is a knight
(8) Owen is a knave

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jacob is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is not a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Harper is not a knight.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Noah is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Noah is a knave or Jacob is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knave then Riley is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Chloe is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Riley is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jackson, Amelia, Logan, Penelope, Owen, Sophia, Benjamin, and Sofia. In a statement by Jackson: "Owen is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave". Amelia was heard saying, "Sophia is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight". In Logan's words: "Benjamin is a knave". Penelope asserted: "Benjamin is a knave and Amelia is a knight". Owen said, "If Sophia is a knave then Benjamin is a knave." In Sophia's words: "If Logan is a knight then Amelia is a knight". Benjamin noted, "Sophia is a knight and Amelia is a knight". Sofia told you that If Sophia is a knight then Benjamin is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson Amelia Logan Penelope Owen Sophia Benjamin Sofia

Jackson is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Logan is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Owen is a knight, Sophia is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, and Sofia is a knight.

(1) Jackson is a knave
(2) Amelia is a knave
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Penelope is a knave
(5) Owen is a knight
(6) Sophia is a knave
(7) Benjamin is a knave
(8) Sofia is a knight

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Owen is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight and Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Sophia is a knight and Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Logan is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that If Logan is a knight then Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sophia is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that If Sophia is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Owen is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that If Sophia is a knave then Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, Sophia, and Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Owen is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight and Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that Sophia is a knight and Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sophia is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia and Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave and Amelia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Benjamin is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Olivia, Daniel, Jack, Sofia, Evelyn, Charlotte, Ella, and Emma. Olivia commented, "Sofia is a knight". As Daniel put it, "Jack is a knave or Olivia is a knight". Jack said that Daniel is not a knave. "Olivia is not a knave," Sofia declared. "Charlotte is not a knight," Evelyn declared. Charlotte said, "Sofia is a knave and Jack is a knave." Ella said, "Daniel is not a knave." Emma expressed that If Jack is a knave then Jack is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia Daniel Jack Sofia Evelyn Charlotte Ella Emma

Olivia is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Jack is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Ella is a knight, and Emma is a knight.

(1) Olivia is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knight
(3) Jack is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knight
(5) Evelyn is a knight
(6) Charlotte is a knave
(7) Ella is a knight
(8) Emma is a knight

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is not a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave or Olivia is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave and Jack is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Jack is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Henry, Sophia, Amelia, Charlotte, James, Evelyn, Mia, and Victoria. Henry stated, "Sophia is a knave and Henry is a knight". Sophia commented, "Mia is a knave". Amelia commented, "Evelyn is a knave and Sophia is a knave". In a statement by Charlotte: "James is a knave or Amelia is a knave". James commented, "Henry is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave". "Victoria is a knight or Mia is a knave," Evelyn claimed. Mia said that James is a knight or Amelia is a knight. "Henry is a knight or Mia is a knight," Victoria claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry Sophia Amelia Charlotte James Evelyn Mia Victoria

Henry is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, James is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Mia is a knight, and Victoria is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knave
(3) Amelia is a knave
(4) Charlotte is a knight
(5) James is a knight
(6) Evelyn is a knight
(7) Mia is a knight
(8) Victoria is a knight

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave and Henry is a knight.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Sophia is a knave and Henry is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight or Amelia is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Henry is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave or Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave and Sophia is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Evelyn is a knave and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight or Mia is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Victoria is a knight or Mia is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Henry is a knight or Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria and Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that James is a knave or Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that James is a knight or Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knave or Amelia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte and James, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Mia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave and Henry is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight or Amelia is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that James is a knight or Amelia is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Henry is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, James, and Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that James is a knave or Amelia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight or Mia is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight or Mia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lucas, David, Ella, Abigail, Mason, Amelia, Samuel, and Alexander. Lucas was heard saying, "Ella is not a knave". David was heard saying, "Amelia is a knight". Ella noted, "Mason is a knight and David is a knight". Abigail said that Abigail is a knight and Alexander is a knight. Mason said that Samuel is a knave and Amelia is a knave. Amelia remarked, "Mason is a knight". Samuel remarked, "Amelia is a knight or Abigail is a knave". "Mason is not a knight" - Alexander. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas David Ella Abigail Mason Amelia Samuel Alexander

Lucas is a knave, David is a knave, Ella is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Mason is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Samuel is a knight, and Alexander is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knave
(2) David is a knave
(3) Ella is a knave
(4) Abigail is a knave
(5) Mason is a knave
(6) Amelia is a knave
(7) Samuel is a knight
(8) Alexander is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight and David is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave and Amelia is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Samuel is a knave and Amelia is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight or Abigail is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Samuel is a knave and Amelia is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia and Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Mason is a knight and David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Ella is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that Ella is not a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and David is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave and Amelia is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight or Abigail is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Amelia is a knight or Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight.

(('not', ('lying', 2)), ('telling-truth', 5), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('and', ('lying', 6), ('lying', 5)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('or', ('telling-truth', 5), ('lying', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: William, Ava, James, Mia, Avery, Liam, Penelope, and Aiden. "James is a knave," William mentioned. "James is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight," Ava declared. James expressed that Avery is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave. "Avery is a knave if and only if James is a knave," Mia claimed. Avery remarked, "Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight". Liam asserted: "Ava is not a knight". Penelope remarked, "Aiden is not a knave". Aiden told you that Mia is a knight and Liam is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William Ava James Mia Avery Liam Penelope Aiden

William is a knight, Ava is a knave, James is a knave, Mia is a knight, Avery is a knave, Liam is a knight, Penelope is a knave, and Aiden is a knave.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Ava is a knave
(3) James is a knave
(4) Mia is a knight
(5) Avery is a knave
(6) Liam is a knight
(7) Penelope is a knave
(8) Aiden is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight and Liam is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knave if and only if James is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Mia is a knight and Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and Liam is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave if and only if James is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is not a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Avery is a knight if and only if Ava is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is not a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is not a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, Liam, Mia, and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave if and only if James is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight if and only if Liam is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Aiden is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aurora, Owen, Luke, Ethan, Victoria, Elizabeth, Sebastian, and Olivia. Aurora remarked, "If Owen is a knave then Olivia is a knight". Owen told you that Victoria is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight. Luke stated, "If Ethan is a knight then Olivia is a knave". Ethan was heard saying, "Sebastian is a knight". Victoria commented, "If Elizabeth is a knight then Luke is a knight". Elizabeth commented, "Owen is a knave or Olivia is a knave". In a statement by Sebastian: "Luke is a knight or Olivia is a knight". Olivia commented, "Sebastian is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora Owen Luke Ethan Victoria Elizabeth Sebastian Olivia

Aurora is a knight, Owen is a knight, Luke is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, and Olivia is a knave.

(1) Aurora is a knight
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) Luke is a knight
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Victoria is a knight
(6) Elizabeth is a knight
(7) Sebastian is a knight
(8) Olivia is a knave

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knave then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knight then Luke is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave or Olivia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Victoria is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is not a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight or Olivia is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sophia, Avery, Emma, Matthew, Mason, Oliver, Chloe, and Mia. Sophia remarked, "Mason is a knave". Avery said that Mia is a knight or Sophia is a knave. Emma was heard saying, "Chloe is a knave or Chloe is a knight". Matthew said that Oliver is not a knave. Mason noted, "Chloe is a knight". Oliver asserted: "Mason is a knave or Mia is a knave". According to Chloe, "Emma is not a knight". Mia expressed that If Chloe is a knight then Mia is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia Avery Emma Matthew Mason Oliver Chloe Mia

Sophia is a knight, Avery is a knight, Emma is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Mason is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Chloe is a knave, and Mia is a knight.

(1) Sophia is a knight
(2) Avery is a knight
(3) Emma is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Mason is a knave
(6) Oliver is a knight
(7) Chloe is a knave
(8) Mia is a knight

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Mason is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is not a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Chloe is a knight then Mia is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave or Mia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Luke, Sofia, James, Isabella, Oliver, Abigail, Aria, and Aiden. Luke said, "If James is a knight then Isabella is a knight." Sofia told you that Aria is not a knight. As James put it, "If Oliver is a knave then Luke is a knave". Isabella was heard saying, "Isabella is a knight and Aria is a knave". Oliver was heard saying, "Aiden is not a knight". In a statement by Abigail: "If Luke is a knave then Aria is a knight". Aria expressed that Oliver is a knave and Luke is a knight. "Sofia is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight" - Aiden. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke Sofia James Isabella Oliver Abigail Aria Aiden

Luke is a knight, Sofia is a knave, James is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Aria is a knight, and Aiden is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Sofia is a knave
(3) James is a knave
(4) Isabella is a knave
(5) Oliver is a knave
(6) Abigail is a knight
(7) Aria is a knight
(8) Aiden is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knight then Isabella is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Oliver is a knave then Luke is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is not a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Aiden is not a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aiden that Sofia is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Oliver is a knave and Luke is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Aria is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, Sofia, and Aiden, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that If Oliver is a knave then Luke is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Oliver is a knave then Luke is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that If Oliver is a knave then Luke is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is not a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Sofia is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave and Luke is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight and Aria is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight and Aria is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knave then Aria is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Grace, Owen, James, Lucas, Jacob, Zoey, Olivia, and Penelope. "Olivia is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight," Grace mentioned. As Owen put it, "Zoey is not a knave". James was heard saying, "Lucas is a knave if and only if James is a knight". Lucas commented, "Penelope is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight". As Jacob put it, "Penelope is a knight or Jacob is a knight". Zoey was heard saying, "Owen is a knight or Olivia is a knight". Olivia commented, "Lucas is a knave or Owen is a knight". Penelope commented, "James is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace Owen James Lucas Jacob Zoey Olivia Penelope

Grace is a knight, Owen is a knight, James is a knave, Lucas is a knave, Jacob is a knight, Zoey is a knight, Olivia is a knight, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Grace is a knight
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) James is a knave
(4) Lucas is a knave
(5) Jacob is a knight
(6) Zoey is a knight
(7) Olivia is a knight
(8) Penelope is a knight

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Owen is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Penelope is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Olivia is a knight if and only if Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave if and only if James is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight or Olivia is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight or Jacob is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Victoria, Logan, Sophia, Ella, Joseph, Lily, Mason, and Aria. Victoria stated, "Ella is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight". "Sophia is a knight," Logan mentioned. In a statement by Sophia: "Victoria is a knight and Joseph is a knave". Ella said that Lily is a knight or Logan is a knight. Joseph was heard saying, "Mason is not a knight". Lily noted, "If Lily is a knight then Sophia is a knight". "Ella is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight" - Mason. Aria commented, "If Ella is a knave then Joseph is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria Logan Sophia Ella Joseph Lily Mason Aria

Victoria is a knight, Logan is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Ella is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Lily is a knight, Mason is a knight, and Aria is a knight.

(1) Victoria is a knight
(2) Logan is a knight
(3) Sophia is a knight
(4) Ella is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knave
(6) Lily is a knight
(7) Mason is a knight
(8) Aria is a knight

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Victoria is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight or Logan is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lily is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Victoria is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knave then Joseph is a knight.

(('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('telling-truth', 2), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 4)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 6)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('->', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Alexander, Emily, Jackson, Evelyn, Jacob, Penelope, Sebastian, and James. Alexander stated, "Evelyn is a knight if and only if James is a knave". Emily told you that Sebastian is a knight. Jackson was heard saying, "Alexander is a knight or Evelyn is a knight". "If Penelope is a knave then Alexander is a knight," Evelyn mentioned. Jacob noted, "Sebastian is a knight and Emily is a knight". "Jackson is not a knight," Penelope declared. In Sebastian's words: "If Jackson is a knave then Penelope is a knave". According to James, "Jacob is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander Emily Jackson Evelyn Jacob Penelope Sebastian James

Alexander is a knight, Emily is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Evelyn is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, and James is a knave.

(1) Alexander is a knight
(2) Emily is a knight
(3) Jackson is a knight
(4) Evelyn is a knight
(5) Jacob is a knight
(6) Penelope is a knave
(7) Sebastian is a knight
(8) James is a knave

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Penelope is a knave then Alexander is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Jackson is not a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Alexander is a knight or Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Evelyn is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Evelyn is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is not a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight and Emily is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knave then Penelope is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Penelope, Mia, Aiden, Emily, Matthew, Sophia, Victoria, and Ava. "If Sophia is a knave then Emily is a knight" - Penelope. Mia asserted: "If Victoria is a knight then Sophia is a knave". In Aiden's words: "If Penelope is a knave then Sophia is a knave". "Aiden is a knave or Sophia is a knave," Emily mentioned. Matthew asserted: "Aiden is a knight". Sophia was heard saying, "Aiden is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave". Victoria remarked, "Mia is a knave and Penelope is a knave". In a statement by Ava: "Penelope is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope Mia Aiden Emily Matthew Sophia Victoria Ava

Penelope is a knight, Mia is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Emily is a knave, Matthew is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Victoria is a knave, and Ava is a knight.

(1) Penelope is a knight
(2) Mia is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knight
(4) Emily is a knave
(5) Matthew is a knight
(6) Sophia is a knight
(7) Victoria is a knave
(8) Ava is a knight

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knave then Emily is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Penelope is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knave or Sophia is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave or Sophia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that If Victoria is a knight then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave if and only if Sophia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Riley, David, Owen, Luke, Joseph, Grace, Abigail, and Sofia. Riley stated, "Owen is a knight". David remarked, "Owen is a knave or Joseph is a knave". As Owen put it, "Grace is a knight". "David is a knave or Owen is a knight," Luke declared. In a statement by Joseph: "If Owen is a knight then Grace is a knave". Grace commented, "If Sofia is a knight then Abigail is a knight". In a statement by Abigail: "Joseph is a knave or Abigail is a knight". In Sofia's words: "David is a knave and Riley is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley David Owen Luke Joseph Grace Abigail Sofia

Riley is a knight, David is a knight, Owen is a knight, Luke is a knight, Joseph is a knave, Grace is a knight, Abigail is a knight, and Sofia is a knave.

(1) Riley is a knight
(2) David is a knight
(3) Owen is a knight
(4) Luke is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knave
(6) Grace is a knight
(7) Abigail is a knight
(8) Sofia is a knave

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knight then Abigail is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knave and Riley is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave and Riley is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Owen is a knave or Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Owen is a knight then Grace is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave or Abigail is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or Owen is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emma, Sebastian, Matthew, Zoey, Sofia, Isabella, William, and Henry. "Isabella is a knight or William is a knight," Emma claimed. In a statement by Sebastian: "Henry is a knight". Matthew was heard saying, "Henry is a knight and Henry is a knave". According to Zoey, "Zoey is a knight or Sofia is a knight". Sofia stated, "Sebastian is a knave or Henry is a knight". Isabella said that Sofia is a knave and William is a knight. William stated, "Sofia is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave". Henry said, "Emma is a knight and Zoey is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma Sebastian Matthew Zoey Sofia Isabella William Henry

Emma is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, Matthew is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Isabella is a knave, William is a knave, and Henry is a knave.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Sebastian is a knave
(3) Matthew is a knave
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Sofia is a knight
(6) Isabella is a knave
(7) William is a knave
(8) Henry is a knave

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight or William is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave and William is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Sofia is a knave and William is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Sebastian is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Sebastian is a knave or Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave and William is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Emma is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Zoey is a knight or Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sebastian that Henry is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight or Sofia is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Isabella is a knight or William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, Henry, and Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, Sofia, and Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight or William is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Isabella is a knight or William is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Isabella is a knight or William is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knight and Henry is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight and Henry is a knave.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 5), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('telling-truth', 7), ('and', ('telling-truth', 7), ('lying', 7)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('or', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('and', ('lying', 4), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('<=>', ('lying', 4), ('lying', 5)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, Henry, Mason, Elizabeth, Zoey, Luke, Mia, and Jacob. Jack stated, "Henry is not a knave". Henry expressed that Jacob is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave. Mason stated, "Henry is a knave and Henry is a knight". "Jacob is not a knight," Elizabeth declared. "Henry is a knave," Zoey mentioned. Luke expressed that Elizabeth is a knave. Mia was heard saying, "Jacob is a knave and Jack is a knight". Jacob was heard saying, "Mason is a knight and Luke is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack Henry Mason Elizabeth Zoey Luke Mia Jacob

Jack is a knight, Henry is a knight, Mason is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Luke is a knave, Mia is a knight, and Jacob is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Henry is a knight
(3) Mason is a knave
(4) Elizabeth is a knight
(5) Zoey is a knave
(6) Luke is a knave
(7) Mia is a knight
(8) Jacob is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knave and Henry is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Mason is a knight and Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight and Luke is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave and Henry is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Jacob is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is not a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave and Jack is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Evelyn, Isabella, Sebastian, Penelope, Mason, Joseph, Owen, and Matthew. "Evelyn is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight," Evelyn claimed. Isabella remarked, "Owen is a knight and Evelyn is a knight". Sebastian said that Sebastian is a knight or Mason is a knave. In a statement by Penelope: "Matthew is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave". Mason commented, "Matthew is a knight". Joseph commented, "Joseph is a knight and Mason is a knight". Owen commented, "Mason is not a knight". Matthew expressed that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn Isabella Sebastian Penelope Mason Joseph Owen Matthew

Evelyn is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Mason is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Owen is a knight, and Matthew is a knave.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Sebastian is a knight
(4) Penelope is a knight
(5) Mason is a knave
(6) Joseph is a knave
(7) Owen is a knight
(8) Matthew is a knave

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Mason is not a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Mason is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight and Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Matthew is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight and Mason is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Harper, Samuel, Emma, Alexander, Victoria, David, Mason, and Elizabeth. In a statement by Harper: "Samuel is not a knave". Samuel told you that Mason is a knave and Victoria is a knight. "Victoria is not a knight," Emma mentioned. "Alexander is a knight or Emma is a knave," Alexander declared. Victoria remarked, "If Harper is a knave then Samuel is a knave". David said, "If Emma is a knight then Emma is a knave." Mason noted, "If David is a knight then Alexander is a knight". Elizabeth asserted: "Samuel is a knave or Emma is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper Samuel Emma Alexander Victoria David Mason Elizabeth

Harper is a knave, Samuel is a knave, Emma is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Victoria is a knight, David is a knight, Mason is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knight.

(1) Harper is a knave
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Alexander is a knight
(5) Victoria is a knight
(6) David is a knight
(7) Mason is a knight
(8) Elizabeth is a knight

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Mason is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If David is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that If Emma is a knight then Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knave then Samuel is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that If David is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Alexander is a knight or Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Mason is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider David.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that If David is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David and Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Samuel is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is not a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knight then Alexander is a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight or Emma is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave or Emma is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Avery, Owen, Oliver, Ella, Emma, Noah, Ethan, and Luke. According to Avery, "Emma is a knight and Ethan is a knave". "Ethan is not a knave" - Owen. Oliver said that Luke is a knave and Avery is a knave. As Ella put it, "If Owen is a knave then Luke is a knight". Emma said, "Avery is a knight and Owen is a knight." Noah said, "Luke is a knight or Noah is a knight." "If Noah is a knave then Ethan is a knight," Ethan declared. Luke was heard saying, "If Emma is a knight then Avery is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery Owen Oliver Ella Emma Noah Ethan Luke

Avery is a knave, Owen is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Ella is a knight, Emma is a knave, Noah is a knight, Ethan is a knight, and Luke is a knight.

(1) Avery is a knave
(2) Owen is a knight
(3) Oliver is a knave
(4) Ella is a knight
(5) Emma is a knave
(6) Noah is a knight
(7) Ethan is a knight
(8) Luke is a knight

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight and Ethan is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight and Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Emma is a knight and Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Ethan is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Avery is a knight and Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Emma is a knight and Ethan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Ethan is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knight and Owen is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight and Owen is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knave then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knight or Noah is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Avery is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave and Avery is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Owen is a knave then Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Penelope, Sophia, Lucas, Owen, Charlotte, Sofia, Lily, and Ava. Penelope stated, "Sofia is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave". Sophia told you that Ava is not a knight. Lucas told you that Owen is a knight and Penelope is a knave. As Owen put it, "If Sofia is a knave then Sofia is a knight". Charlotte noted, "Lily is a knave or Owen is a knight". "Sofia is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight," Sofia declared. Lily commented, "If Sophia is a knave then Owen is a knave". Ava remarked, "Sofia is a knight or Charlotte is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope Sophia Lucas Owen Charlotte Sofia Lily Ava

Penelope is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Owen is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, Sofia is a knave, Lily is a knight, and Ava is a knave.

(1) Penelope is a knave
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) Lucas is a knave
(4) Owen is a knave
(5) Charlotte is a knave
(6) Sofia is a knave
(7) Lily is a knight
(8) Ava is a knave

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Sofia is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knave then Owen is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is not a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Ava is not a knight.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sofia is a knight or Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is not a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight or Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave or Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that If Sophia is a knave then Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Sofia is a knave then Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave or Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Lily is a knave or Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Ava is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Sofia is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight or Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that Sofia is a knight or Charlotte is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Sofia is a knave then Sofia is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sofia is a knave then Sofia is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knight and Penelope is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Penelope is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lucas, Ella, Jacob, Evelyn, Emily, Isabella, Aurora, and Samuel. According to Lucas, "Isabella is not a knave". "Isabella is a knight or Evelyn is a knave" - Ella. Jacob said, "Aurora is not a knave." "Ella is not a knight," Evelyn declared. Emily expressed that Evelyn is a knight. Isabella was heard saying, "Jacob is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight". According to Aurora, "If Emily is a knave then Evelyn is a knight". In a statement by Samuel: "Ella is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas Ella Jacob Evelyn Emily Isabella Aurora Samuel

Lucas is a knight, Ella is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Evelyn is a knave, Emily is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Aurora is a knave, and Samuel is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Ella is a knight
(3) Jacob is a knave
(4) Evelyn is a knave
(5) Emily is a knave
(6) Isabella is a knight
(7) Aurora is a knave
(8) Samuel is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is not a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is not a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Ella is not a knight.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Isabella is a knight or Evelyn is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Evelyn is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that If Emily is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn and Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Aurora is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is not a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Aurora is not a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emily is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that If Emily is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight or Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Liam, Aurora, Benjamin, Jack, Michael, Charlotte, Victoria, and Henry. Liam expressed that Michael is a knave and Jack is a knight. Aurora asserted: "Benjamin is a knave and Liam is a knave". Benjamin told you that Aurora is not a knave. Jack expressed that Liam is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight. Michael was heard saying, "Benjamin is a knight or Charlotte is a knave". "Victoria is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knave," Charlotte claimed. "Jack is not a knave," Victoria claimed. Henry was heard saying, "Michael is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam Aurora Benjamin Jack Michael Charlotte Victoria Henry

Liam is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Jack is a knight, Michael is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Victoria is a knight, and Henry is a knave.

(1) Liam is a knight
(2) Aurora is a knave
(3) Benjamin is a knave
(4) Jack is a knight
(5) Michael is a knave
(6) Charlotte is a knight
(7) Victoria is a knight
(8) Henry is a knave

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Michael is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Benjamin is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is not a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave and Liam is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave and Liam is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Aurora is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jacob, Chloe, Lily, Henry, David, Olivia, Owen, and Elizabeth. In Jacob's words: "Elizabeth is not a knave". Chloe said that David is a knight. As Lily put it, "Jacob is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight". Henry commented, "Elizabeth is a knave if and only if David is a knave". "David is a knight or Lily is a knight," David declared. Olivia was heard saying, "Elizabeth is a knave and Chloe is a knave". In a statement by Owen: "Chloe is not a knight". Elizabeth was heard saying, "Lily is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob Chloe Lily Henry David Olivia Owen Elizabeth

Jacob is a knight, Chloe is a knave, Lily is a knave, Henry is a knave, David is a knave, Olivia is a knave, Owen is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knight.

(1) Jacob is a knight
(2) Chloe is a knave
(3) Lily is a knave
(4) Henry is a knave
(5) David is a knave
(6) Olivia is a knave
(7) Owen is a knight
(8) Elizabeth is a knight

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Lily is not a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Chloe is not a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Chloe that David is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight or Lily is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if David is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if David is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knave and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave and Chloe is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Riley, Scarlett, Emma, Grace, Owen, Penelope, Jack, and Ethan. Riley stated, "Scarlett is a knave and Penelope is a knave". According to Scarlett, "If Riley is a knave then Emma is a knave". As Emma put it, "Jack is a knight and Scarlett is a knight". Grace said, "Emma is a knave." In a statement by Owen: "Grace is a knave and Grace is a knight". Penelope stated, "Scarlett is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight". "Scarlett is a knave and Jack is a knight," Jack mentioned. Ethan told you that Jack is a knave and Grace is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Riley Scarlett Emma Grace Owen Penelope Jack Ethan

Riley is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Emma is a knave, Grace is a knight, Owen is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Jack is a knave, and Ethan is a knight.

(1) Riley is a knave
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Owen is a knave
(6) Penelope is a knave
(7) Jack is a knave
(8) Ethan is a knight

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Scarlett is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Riley is a knave then Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave and Penelope is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knave then Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that If Riley is a knave then Emma is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight and Scarlett is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emma that Jack is a knight and Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave if and only if Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave and Grace is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Grace, Samuel, Mia, Olivia, Ava, James, Scarlett, and Lucas. In Grace's words: "Samuel is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight". In a statement by Samuel: "Grace is a knave or Mia is a knave". Mia commented, "Grace is a knight and Lucas is a knave". Olivia stated, "If James is a knave then Mia is a knight". "Samuel is not a knave," Ava declared. "Olivia is not a knight," James mentioned. "Lucas is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight," Scarlett mentioned. Lucas said, "Grace is a knight and Ava is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace Samuel Mia Olivia Ava James Scarlett Lucas

Grace is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Mia is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Ava is a knave, James is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, and Lucas is a knave.

(1) Grace is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) Mia is a knight
(4) Olivia is a knight
(5) Ava is a knave
(6) James is a knave
(7) Scarlett is a knight
(8) Lucas is a knave

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave or Mia is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Grace is a knave or Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight and Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Samuel is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If James is a knave then Mia is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that If James is a knave then Mia is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Olivia is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James and Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Samuel is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Mia that Grace is a knight and Lucas is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas and Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave or Mia is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight and Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Grace is a knight and Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knave then Mia is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is not a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is not a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight.