A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Matthew, Olivia, Abigail, Emma, Jacob, Joseph, Jackson, and Victoria. "Victoria is not a knave," Matthew claimed. Olivia said that Jacob is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave. Abigail was heard saying, "Victoria is a knight". Emma expressed that Jackson is a knave. Jacob noted, "Abigail is a knight". "If Emma is a knight then Olivia is a knight," Joseph declared. Jackson was heard saying, "Abigail is a knight and Joseph is a knight". Victoria noted, "Jackson is a knight and Olivia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew Olivia Abigail Emma Jacob Joseph Jackson Victoria

Matthew is a knave, Olivia is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Emma is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Jackson is a knave, and Victoria is a knave.

(1) Matthew is a knave
(2) Olivia is a knave
(3) Abigail is a knave
(4) Emma is a knight
(5) Jacob is a knave
(6) Joseph is a knave
(7) Jackson is a knave
(8) Victoria is a knave

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight and Olivia is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Jacob is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Abigail is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Jackson is a knight and Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia and Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Abigail is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Jackson is a knight and Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Victoria is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight and Olivia is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Abigail is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Jacob is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that If Emma is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jackson is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emma is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that If Emma is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that Jacob is a knave if and only if Emma is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight.

(('not', ('lying', 7)), ('<=>', ('lying', 4), ('lying', 3)), ('telling-truth', 7), ('lying', 6), ('telling-truth', 2), ('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 1)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Henry, Benjamin, Olivia, Scarlett, Michael, Riley, David, and Victoria. Henry said that David is a knight or Olivia is a knave. In Benjamin's words: "Riley is not a knight". In Olivia's words: "Henry is a knave and Michael is a knight". "David is a knight or Victoria is a knight," Scarlett claimed. Michael noted, "David is a knight or Riley is a knave". Riley noted, "If Olivia is a knight then Olivia is a knave". David told you that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave. Victoria stated, "Henry is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry Benjamin Olivia Scarlett Michael Riley David Victoria

Henry is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Olivia is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Michael is a knight, Riley is a knight, David is a knight, and Victoria is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Olivia is a knave
(4) Scarlett is a knight
(5) Michael is a knight
(6) Riley is a knight
(7) David is a knight
(8) Victoria is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or Olivia is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is not a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Olivia is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knight or Riley is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Noah, Scarlett, Lily, Grace, Benjamin, Jack, Aiden, and Luke. Noah commented, "Aiden is not a knave". "Benjamin is a knight and Grace is a knave," Scarlett declared. Lily told you that Aiden is a knight and Luke is a knave. "Luke is a knave," Grace declared. Benjamin stated, "Noah is a knight or Jack is a knight". Jack expressed that Benjamin is a knave. In Aiden's words: "Lily is a knight and Aiden is a knight". Luke commented, "Lily is a knave and Aiden is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah Scarlett Lily Grace Benjamin Jack Aiden Luke

Noah is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Lily is a knight, Grace is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Jack is a knave, Aiden is a knight, and Luke is a knave.

(1) Noah is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knave
(3) Lily is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Benjamin is a knight
(6) Jack is a knave
(7) Aiden is a knight
(8) Luke is a knave

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is not a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight and Aiden is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Aiden is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knave and Aiden is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight or Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Benjamin is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Luke is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace and Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Benjamin is a knight and Grace is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave.

(('not', ('lying', 6)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 6), ('lying', 7)), ('lying', 7), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('lying', 4), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('and', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 6)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Scarlett, Sofia, Mia, Sebastian, Abigail, Ethan, William, and Harper. As Scarlett put it, "Sofia is a knave or William is a knave". Sofia asserted: "Scarlett is a knight". "Abigail is a knave," Mia declared. "Sofia is a knave and Ethan is a knave," Sebastian declared. In a statement by Abigail: "Ethan is not a knave". Ethan stated, "If Abigail is a knight then Sebastian is a knave". In a statement by William: "Harper is a knight and Sebastian is a knave". "Ethan is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight," Harper claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett Sofia Mia Sebastian Abigail Ethan William Harper

Scarlett is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Mia is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Ethan is a knight, William is a knave, and Harper is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knight
(2) Sofia is a knight
(3) Mia is a knave
(4) Sebastian is a knave
(5) Abigail is a knight
(6) Ethan is a knight
(7) William is a knave
(8) Harper is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave or William is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Sofia is a knave or William is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight and Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sofia is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Harper is a knight and Sebastian is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Abigail.

Abigail cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ethan is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Abigail, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Ethan is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Harper is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sophia, Mia, Zoey, Avery, Liam, Harper, James, and Sebastian. Sophia noted, "Harper is a knight and Avery is a knight". Mia commented, "Zoey is a knave". Zoey asserted: "Liam is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight". Avery stated, "Liam is a knave". Liam said that If James is a knight then James is a knave. Harper asserted: "Zoey is a knight or James is a knave". James expressed that Mia is not a knave. Sebastian told you that Avery is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia Mia Zoey Avery Liam Harper James Sebastian

Sophia is a knave, Mia is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Avery is a knight, Liam is a knave, Harper is a knave, James is a knight, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Sophia is a knave
(2) Mia is a knight
(3) Zoey is a knave
(4) Avery is a knight
(5) Liam is a knave
(6) Harper is a knave
(7) James is a knight
(8) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight and Avery is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight or James is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knight then James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that If James is a knight then James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Liam is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia and James, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If James is a knight then James is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of James that Mia is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that If James is a knight then James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James and Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Liam is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Zoey is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Zoey is a knight or James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, Liam, and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Harper is a knight and Avery is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight and Avery is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight or James is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Zoey is a knight or James is a knave.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Zoey is a knight or James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sofia, Benjamin, Charlotte, Aurora, Lucas, Matthew, Daniel, and David. "If Daniel is a knight then Charlotte is a knave," Sofia claimed. Benjamin asserted: "Daniel is a knave if and only if David is a knave". "Lucas is not a knight," Charlotte declared. Aurora remarked, "Charlotte is a knave". "Matthew is not a knave," Lucas mentioned. "If Charlotte is a knave then David is a knight" - Matthew. Daniel commented, "If Charlotte is a knight then Benjamin is a knight". David was heard saying, "Aurora is a knight or Sofia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sofia Benjamin Charlotte Aurora Lucas Matthew Daniel David

Sofia is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Aurora is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Daniel is a knight, and David is a knight.

(1) Sofia is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Aurora is a knight
(5) Lucas is a knight
(6) Matthew is a knight
(7) Daniel is a knight
(8) David is a knight

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knight then Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knight then Benjamin is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that If Daniel is a knight then Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is not a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knave then David is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight or Sofia is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if David is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aiden, Emma, Ella, Daniel, Luke, Henry, Sofia, and Owen. In Aiden's words: "Emma is a knight or Henry is a knight". Emma was heard saying, "If Luke is a knight then Sofia is a knave". Ella remarked, "Owen is a knight". Daniel said, "If Sofia is a knight then Emma is a knave." As Luke put it, "Daniel is a knight". "Daniel is a knave or Aiden is a knave," Henry claimed. Sofia commented, "If Luke is a knave then Emma is a knight". Owen was heard saying, "Emma is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden Emma Ella Daniel Luke Henry Sofia Owen

Aiden is a knight, Emma is a knight, Ella is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Luke is a knave, Henry is a knight, Sofia is a knight, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Ella is a knave
(4) Daniel is a knave
(5) Luke is a knave
(6) Henry is a knight
(7) Sofia is a knight
(8) Owen is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight or Henry is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Sofia is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knight then Emma is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that If Luke is a knight then Sofia is a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Luke is a knave then Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sofia is a knight then Emma is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knave then Emma is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave or Aiden is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Owen is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Owen is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Avery, Isabella, Olivia, Victoria, David, Penelope, Mason, and Riley. Avery noted, "Mason is a knave and Riley is a knave". "Olivia is a knight or Penelope is a knight," Isabella declared. According to Olivia, "Riley is a knave". Victoria asserted: "David is a knight and David is a knave". David said that Mason is not a knave. "Victoria is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave," Penelope claimed. "Olivia is a knight or David is a knave" - Mason. Riley stated, "Olivia is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery Isabella Olivia Victoria David Penelope Mason Riley

Avery is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Victoria is a knave, David is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Mason is a knight, and Riley is a knave.

(1) Avery is a knave
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Olivia is a knight
(4) Victoria is a knave
(5) David is a knight
(6) Penelope is a knave
(7) Mason is a knight
(8) Riley is a knave

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knave and Riley is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Mason is a knave and Riley is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight or David is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Olivia is a knight or David is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Mason is a knave and Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, Olivia, and Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave and Riley is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight or David is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is not a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knight and David is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Victoria is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and David is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sophia, Isabella, Olivia, James, Riley, Evelyn, Jackson, and Scarlett. Sophia stated, "Jackson is a knave". Isabella asserted: "Olivia is a knave". Olivia said, "Jackson is a knight and Jackson is a knave." James told you that Sophia is not a knave. Riley stated, "Isabella is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave". According to Evelyn, "James is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight". In Jackson's words: "If Riley is a knight then James is a knave". Scarlett remarked, "If Sophia is a knight then Riley is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia Isabella Olivia James Riley Evelyn Jackson Scarlett

Sophia is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Olivia is a knave, James is a knave, Riley is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, Jackson is a knight, and Scarlett is a knight.

(1) Sophia is a knave
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Olivia is a knave
(4) James is a knave
(5) Riley is a knave
(6) Evelyn is a knight
(7) Jackson is a knight
(8) Scarlett is a knight

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Riley is a knight then James is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that If Riley is a knight then James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley and Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knight then James is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Olivia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight and Jackson is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is not a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is not a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight if and only if Sophia is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Riley is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Alexander, Avery, Grace, Owen, Joseph, Aria, Liam, and Aiden. Alexander commented, "If Joseph is a knave then Avery is a knave". "Aria is a knave or Liam is a knight," Avery mentioned. Grace remarked, "Liam is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave". Owen noted, "Aria is not a knight". Joseph commented, "Liam is a knave and Aiden is a knave". Aria remarked, "If Grace is a knight then Liam is a knave". Liam said that Grace is a knave and Alexander is a knight. "Aiden is a knight," Aiden declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander Avery Grace Owen Joseph Aria Liam Aiden

Alexander is a knight, Avery is a knave, Grace is a knight, Owen is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Aria is a knight, Liam is a knave, and Aiden is a knight.

(1) Alexander is a knight
(2) Avery is a knave
(3) Grace is a knight
(4) Owen is a knave
(5) Joseph is a knave
(6) Aria is a knight
(7) Liam is a knave
(8) Aiden is a knight

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knave then Avery is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave and Aiden is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Liam is a knave and Aiden is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave and Alexander is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Grace is a knave and Alexander is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Grace and Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave and Aiden is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave and Alexander is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that If Joseph is a knave then Avery is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Aria is a knave or Liam is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Aiden.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, Aiden, and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave or Liam is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knight then Liam is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aria is not a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aria, William, Ava, Daniel, Ethan, Owen, Joseph, and David. Aria commented, "Owen is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave". In a statement by William: "Joseph is a knight". Ava noted, "David is a knight and William is a knave". "Ethan is a knave" - Daniel. Ethan told you that David is not a knave. Owen commented, "Joseph is not a knave". Joseph commented, "William is a knight if and only if David is a knight". "Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knight," David claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aria William Ava Daniel Ethan Owen Joseph David

Aria is a knave, William is a knight, Ava is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Ethan is a knight, Owen is a knight, Joseph is a knight, and David is a knight.

(1) Aria is a knave
(2) William is a knight
(3) Ava is a knave
(4) Daniel is a knave
(5) Ethan is a knight
(6) Owen is a knight
(7) Joseph is a knight
(8) David is a knight

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight if and only if David is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Owen is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that David is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of David that Aria is a knave or Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider David.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that William is a knight if and only if David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider William.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Joseph is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is not a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Owen that Joseph is not a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight if and only if David is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Owen is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that William is a knight if and only if David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, William, Joseph, and Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that Owen is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knight and William is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knight and William is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Chloe, Elizabeth, Zoey, Victoria, Ethan, Ava, Alexander, and James. In Chloe's words: "James is a knight". Elizabeth stated, "If Alexander is a knave then Victoria is a knave". In a statement by Zoey: "Ava is not a knave". Victoria asserted: "Zoey is a knight or Zoey is a knave". "If Elizabeth is a knave then James is a knight," Ethan declared. According to Ava, "Elizabeth is not a knight". Alexander asserted: "Ava is a knight or Zoey is a knave". James was heard saying, "Ethan is a knave or Zoey is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe Elizabeth Zoey Victoria Ethan Ava Alexander James

Chloe is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Ava is a knave, Alexander is a knight, and James is a knight.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Zoey is a knave
(4) Victoria is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knight
(6) Ava is a knave
(7) Alexander is a knight
(8) James is a knight

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave or Zoey is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then James is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then Victoria is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight or Zoey is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is not a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knight or Zoey is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lucas, Elizabeth, Sophia, Grace, Sofia, Benjamin, Emma, and Ethan. Lucas stated, "Grace is a knight or Ethan is a knight". Elizabeth expressed that Sofia is a knave or Sophia is a knight. "If Sofia is a knight then Ethan is a knave," Sophia declared. "Ethan is a knave" - Grace. Sofia said, "Benjamin is a knave and Ethan is a knave." In Benjamin's words: "Emma is a knight". According to Emma, "Ethan is not a knight". "Emma is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight" - Ethan. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas Elizabeth Sophia Grace Sofia Benjamin Emma Ethan

Lucas is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Grace is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Benjamin is a knight, Emma is a knight, and Ethan is a knave.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Sophia is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Sofia is a knave
(6) Benjamin is a knight
(7) Emma is a knight
(8) Ethan is a knave

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight or Ethan is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knave or Sophia is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knave and Ethan is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knight then Ethan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lily, Benjamin, Joseph, Logan, Isabella, Sebastian, William, and Penelope. Lily stated, "Penelope is a knave if and only if Logan is a knight". In Benjamin's words: "Logan is a knight or Lily is a knave". Joseph was heard saying, "Penelope is not a knave". "William is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight," Logan claimed. Isabella expressed that Penelope is a knight and Isabella is a knight. Sebastian asserted: "Logan is a knave and Penelope is a knight". William asserted: "Benjamin is a knight or Logan is a knave". As Penelope put it, "Isabella is a knight if and only if Lily is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily Benjamin Joseph Logan Isabella Sebastian William Penelope

Lily is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Joseph is a knight, Logan is a knave, Isabella is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, William is a knight, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Lily is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knight
(4) Logan is a knave
(5) Isabella is a knave
(6) Sebastian is a knight
(7) William is a knight
(8) Penelope is a knight

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave if and only if Logan is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Lily is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Isabella is a knight if and only if Lily is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight and Isabella is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Penelope is a knave if and only if Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight or Logan is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knight or Lily is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight or Lily is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave and Penelope is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Harper, Joseph, Avery, Jackson, Scarlett, Liam, Mia, and Daniel. In a statement by Harper: "Liam is not a knave". Joseph asserted: "Avery is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight". Avery asserted: "Scarlett is a knight or Daniel is a knight". Jackson told you that Joseph is a knight or Scarlett is a knight. Scarlett told you that Jackson is not a knight. Liam commented, "Daniel is a knight and Joseph is a knave". Mia remarked, "Harper is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave". Daniel expressed that Mia is a knight and Harper is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Harper Joseph Avery Jackson Scarlett Liam Mia Daniel

Harper is a knave, Joseph is a knight, Avery is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, Liam is a knave, Mia is a knave, and Daniel is a knave.

(1) Harper is a knave
(2) Joseph is a knight
(3) Avery is a knave
(4) Jackson is a knight
(5) Scarlett is a knave
(6) Liam is a knave
(7) Mia is a knave
(8) Daniel is a knave

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight and Harper is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Daniel is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Liam is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is not a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Harper that Liam is not a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight and Harper is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Mia is a knight and Harper is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight and Harper is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight or Daniel is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Avery is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Joseph is a knight or Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Scarlett is a knight or Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Avery.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight or Daniel is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Scarlett is a knight or Daniel is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight or Scarlett is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aiden, Logan, Jacob, Scarlett, Evelyn, Sebastian, Mia, and William. Aiden told you that Sebastian is a knave or Sebastian is a knight. Logan expressed that Scarlett is not a knave. Jacob was heard saying, "William is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight". Scarlett stated, "Aiden is not a knight". According to Evelyn, "Sebastian is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight". According to Sebastian, "Scarlett is a knave or Logan is a knave". Mia commented, "If William is a knave then Sebastian is a knave". William asserted: "William is a knight and Aiden is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aiden Logan Jacob Scarlett Evelyn Sebastian Mia William

Aiden is a knight, Logan is a knave, Jacob is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Mia is a knave, and William is a knave.

(1) Aiden is a knight
(2) Logan is a knave
(3) Jacob is a knave
(4) Scarlett is a knave
(5) Evelyn is a knight
(6) Sebastian is a knight
(7) Mia is a knave
(8) William is a knave

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave or Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave or Logan is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is not a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is not a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is not a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is not a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knight and Aiden is a knave.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight and Aiden is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If William is a knave then Sebastian is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that William is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia and William, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that William is a knave if and only if Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If William is a knave then Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Chloe, Riley, Joseph, Evelyn, Penelope, Henry, Mason, and Grace. In Chloe's words: "Evelyn is not a knight". Riley commented, "Penelope is a knight and Chloe is a knight". Joseph said, "Penelope is a knight and Mason is a knight." Evelyn commented, "Chloe is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight". Penelope remarked, "Joseph is a knave". In Henry's words: "If Joseph is a knave then Chloe is a knave". According to Mason, "If Joseph is a knave then Joseph is a knight". Grace stated, "Henry is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe Riley Joseph Evelyn Penelope Henry Mason Grace

Chloe is a knave, Riley is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Henry is a knight, Mason is a knave, and Grace is a knave.

(1) Chloe is a knave
(2) Riley is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knave
(4) Evelyn is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knight
(6) Henry is a knight
(7) Mason is a knave
(8) Grace is a knave

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is not a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Evelyn is not a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Evelyn that Chloe is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Riley that Penelope is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Joseph is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, Penelope, Riley, and Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is not a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knight and Chloe is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Joseph that Penelope is a knight and Mason is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Joseph is a knave then Joseph is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knave then Chloe is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Charlotte, Victoria, Alexander, Ava, Luke, Abigail, Elizabeth, and Jacob. In Charlotte's words: "Alexander is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave". "Elizabeth is a knight," Victoria mentioned. Alexander said, "Charlotte is a knight or Jacob is a knight." Ava remarked, "Elizabeth is a knight or Jacob is a knight". In a statement by Luke: "Abigail is a knight and Alexander is a knave". "Jacob is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight," Abigail mentioned. According to Elizabeth, "Luke is a knight". "Luke is not a knight," Jacob mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte Victoria Alexander Ava Luke Abigail Elizabeth Jacob

Charlotte is a knight, Victoria is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Ava is a knight, Luke is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Elizabeth is a knave, and Jacob is a knight.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Victoria is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knight
(4) Ava is a knight
(5) Luke is a knave
(6) Abigail is a knave
(7) Elizabeth is a knave
(8) Jacob is a knight

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight or Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight and Alexander is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Alexander is a knight if and only if Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or Jacob is a knight.

(('<=>', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 5)), ('telling-truth', 6), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 5), ('lying', 2)), ('<=>', ('lying', 7), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('telling-truth', 4), ('not', ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Benjamin, Amelia, Ava, Aurora, Oliver, Sebastian, Charlotte, and Noah. Benjamin was heard saying, "Ava is a knave". Amelia asserted: "Amelia is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave". Ava expressed that Aurora is a knave or Sebastian is a knight. Aurora expressed that Charlotte is a knight. In a statement by Oliver: "Noah is a knight". Sebastian commented, "Aurora is a knight and Ava is a knight". In Charlotte's words: "Amelia is a knight". Noah told you that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin Amelia Ava Aurora Oliver Sebastian Charlotte Noah

Benjamin is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Ava is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, and Noah is a knave.

(1) Benjamin is a knave
(2) Amelia is a knave
(3) Ava is a knight
(4) Aurora is a knave
(5) Oliver is a knave
(6) Sebastian is a knave
(7) Charlotte is a knave
(8) Noah is a knave

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave or Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Amelia is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that Aurora is a knave or Sebastian is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora and Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave or Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight and Ava is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Oliver that Noah is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

(('lying', 2), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 6)), ('or', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 7), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('telling-truth', 1), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 6)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Oliver, William, Noah, Chloe, Jackson, Harper, Logan, and Emily. Oliver noted, "Emily is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave". William expressed that Oliver is a knight or Jackson is a knave. In a statement by Noah: "Emily is a knave and Chloe is a knave". "William is not a knight," Chloe mentioned. Jackson remarked, "Emily is a knight or Chloe is a knave". Harper stated, "Noah is not a knave". As Logan put it, "Oliver is not a knave". Emily commented, "William is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Oliver William Noah Chloe Jackson Harper Logan Emily

Oliver is a knight, William is a knight, Noah is a knight, Chloe is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Harper is a knight, Logan is a knight, and Emily is a knave.

(1) Oliver is a knight
(2) William is a knight
(3) Noah is a knight
(4) Chloe is a knave
(5) Jackson is a knight
(6) Harper is a knight
(7) Logan is a knight
(8) Emily is a knave

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is not a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that William is not a knight.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Oliver is a knight or Jackson is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight or Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight or Chloe is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is not a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is not a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is not a knave.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knave and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Michael, Daniel, Mia, Logan, Scarlett, Grace, Penelope, and William. "Logan is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave," Michael mentioned. "Mia is a knight," Daniel claimed. In a statement by Mia: "Michael is a knave or Scarlett is a knave". Logan said, "Grace is a knight or Michael is a knight." Scarlett commented, "Mia is a knight or Grace is a knave". "Michael is not a knight," Grace claimed. Penelope stated, "Mia is not a knave". William said that Mia is a knight or Mia is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael Daniel Mia Logan Scarlett Grace Penelope William

Michael is a knight, Daniel is a knave, Mia is a knave, Logan is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Grace is a knave, Penelope is a knave, and William is a knight.

(1) Michael is a knight
(2) Daniel is a knave
(3) Mia is a knave
(4) Logan is a knight
(5) Scarlett is a knight
(6) Grace is a knave
(7) Penelope is a knave
(8) William is a knight

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight or Michael is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is not a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Grace is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave or Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave or Scarlett is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is not a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Mia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jackson, Michael, Lily, Sofia, Henry, Noah, Ethan, and Charlotte. Jackson expressed that Sofia is a knight or Ethan is a knight. Michael was heard saying, "Ethan is a knight or Ethan is a knave". Lily was heard saying, "Charlotte is a knave or Henry is a knave". Sofia remarked, "Charlotte is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight". Henry said that Michael is a knight and Sofia is a knave. "If Jackson is a knight then Henry is a knight" - Noah. "Ethan is a knight or Michael is a knave," Ethan claimed. As Charlotte put it, "Noah is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson Michael Lily Sofia Henry Noah Ethan Charlotte

Jackson is a knave, Michael is a knight, Lily is a knight, Sofia is a knave, Henry is a knight, Noah is a knight, Ethan is a knave, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) Jackson is a knave
(2) Michael is a knight
(3) Lily is a knight
(4) Sofia is a knave
(5) Henry is a knight
(6) Noah is a knight
(7) Ethan is a knave
(8) Charlotte is a knave

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight or Ethan is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is not a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knight then Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that If Jackson is a knight then Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Noah is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is not a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Noah is not a knight.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Jackson is a knight then Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Noah that If Jackson is a knight then Henry is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Michael is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ethan is a knight or Ethan is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, Henry, and Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte and Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sofia is a knight or Ethan is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Sofia is a knight or Ethan is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sofia that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight and Sofia is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight or Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jackson that Sofia is a knight or Ethan is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight or Michael is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Henry is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Charlotte, James, Ella, Harper, Olivia, Victoria, and Luke. "Ella is a knight or Luke is a knight," Elizabeth declared. "If Ella is a knave then Harper is a knight," Charlotte claimed. James remarked, "Luke is not a knight". Ella commented, "Charlotte is not a knight". "Luke is a knave and Charlotte is a knight," Harper claimed. In Olivia's words: "Victoria is a knave and Victoria is a knight". "James is a knave or Olivia is a knight," Victoria mentioned. Luke expressed that Harper is a knight if and only if James is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth Charlotte James Ella Harper Olivia Victoria Luke

Elizabeth is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, James is a knight, Ella is a knave, Harper is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Victoria is a knave, and Luke is a knave.

(1) Elizabeth is a knave
(2) Charlotte is a knight
(3) James is a knight
(4) Ella is a knave
(5) Harper is a knight
(6) Olivia is a knave
(7) Victoria is a knave
(8) Luke is a knave

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Charlotte is not a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Ella is a knave then Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knave then Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Harper that Luke is a knave and Charlotte is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Ella is a knight or Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that If Ella is a knave then Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Charlotte is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte and Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Ella is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Ella is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave and Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knave or Olivia is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave or Olivia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mason, Samuel, Penelope, Avery, Grace, James, Henry, and Aurora. In Mason's words: "Grace is a knight or Penelope is a knave". According to Samuel, "Henry is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight". "If Penelope is a knight then Henry is a knight" - Penelope. Avery expressed that James is a knave. Grace told you that Aurora is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight. "Henry is a knave and Aurora is a knight," James mentioned. Henry expressed that If Grace is a knight then Avery is a knight. Aurora expressed that If James is a knave then Avery is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason Samuel Penelope Avery Grace James Henry Aurora

Mason is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Avery is a knight, Grace is a knight, James is a knave, Henry is a knight, and Aurora is a knave.

(1) Mason is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Penelope is a knight
(4) Avery is a knight
(5) Grace is a knight
(6) James is a knave
(7) Henry is a knight
(8) Aurora is a knave

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight or Penelope is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If James is a knave then Avery is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Aurora is a knave if and only if Henry is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Grace is a knight then Avery is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Penelope is a knight then Henry is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Penelope is a knight then Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, Avery, and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Henry is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry and James, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If James is a knave then Avery is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knight then Avery is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Penelope is a knight then Henry is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight if and only if Mason is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: William, Aurora, Joseph, Daniel, Grace, Abigail, Jack, and Charlotte. William said that If Abigail is a knight then Jack is a knight. As Aurora put it, "Daniel is a knight and Joseph is a knight". According to Joseph, "Abigail is a knight or Jack is a knight". "William is a knave and Daniel is a knight," Daniel mentioned. As Grace put it, "Abigail is not a knave". "William is a knave and Jack is a knight," Abigail mentioned. Jack said that If Abigail is a knave then William is a knave. Charlotte remarked, "If Joseph is a knave then Jack is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William Aurora Joseph Daniel Grace Abigail Jack Charlotte

William is a knight, Aurora is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Daniel is a knave, Grace is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Jack is a knave, and Charlotte is a knave.

(1) William is a knight
(2) Aurora is a knave
(3) Joseph is a knave
(4) Daniel is a knave
(5) Grace is a knave
(6) Abigail is a knave
(7) Jack is a knave
(8) Charlotte is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knight then Jack is a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave and Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Abigail is a knave then William is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Abigail is a knave then William is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave and Daniel is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Daniel is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave and Daniel is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is a knight or Jack is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight or Jack is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is not a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is not a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Joseph is a knave then Jack is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Joseph is a knave then Jack is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lucas, David, Michael, Avery, Elizabeth, Isabella, Victoria, and Aiden. Lucas said that Aiden is a knight or Michael is a knight. As David put it, "Avery is a knave". Michael commented, "Elizabeth is a knight". "Victoria is a knave," Avery claimed. Elizabeth stated, "David is a knave". Isabella was heard saying, "Avery is not a knave". Victoria stated, "Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight". Aiden said, "If Michael is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas David Michael Avery Elizabeth Isabella Victoria Aiden

Lucas is a knight, David is a knave, Michael is a knight, Avery is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Victoria is a knave, and Aiden is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) David is a knave
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) Avery is a knight
(5) Elizabeth is a knight
(6) Isabella is a knight
(7) Victoria is a knave
(8) Aiden is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight or Michael is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Michael is a knave then Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Avery is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Michael, Isabella, Sebastian, Ethan, Emily, Zoey, Charlotte, and Sofia. In Michael's words: "Sebastian is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave". Isabella asserted: "If Sofia is a knave then Sebastian is a knight". Sebastian noted, "Charlotte is a knave or Michael is a knave". Ethan commented, "Isabella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight". As Emily put it, "Emily is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight". Zoey said, "Emily is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave." "Zoey is not a knave," Charlotte claimed. Sofia stated, "Isabella is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Michael Isabella Sebastian Ethan Emily Zoey Charlotte Sofia

Michael is a knight, Isabella is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Emily is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, and Sofia is a knave.

(1) Michael is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knight
(3) Sebastian is a knight
(4) Ethan is a knave
(5) Emily is a knight
(6) Zoey is a knave
(7) Charlotte is a knave
(8) Sofia is a knave

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Charlotte is a knave or Michael is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is not a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Sebastian is a knight if and only if Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Michael is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Michael is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sofia is a knave then Sebastian is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is not a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is not a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Emily is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Aurora, Michael, Abigail, James, Penelope, Victoria, Lucas, and Aiden. "Penelope is not a knight," Aurora declared. Michael stated, "If Abigail is a knave then Aiden is a knave". Abigail remarked, "James is a knave or Penelope is a knight". "Michael is a knave or Michael is a knight," James claimed. Penelope noted, "Aiden is not a knave". Victoria was heard saying, "James is a knave". "Penelope is a knight," Lucas claimed. Aiden commented, "Victoria is a knight and Penelope is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora Michael Abigail James Penelope Victoria Lucas Aiden

Aurora is a knight, Michael is a knight, Abigail is a knave, James is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Victoria is a knave, Lucas is a knave, and Aiden is a knave.

(1) Aurora is a knight
(2) Michael is a knight
(3) Abigail is a knave
(4) James is a knight
(5) Penelope is a knave
(6) Victoria is a knave
(7) Lucas is a knave
(8) Aiden is a knave

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Penelope is not a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is not a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Aiden is not a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight and Penelope is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that James is a knave.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Michael is a knave or Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave or Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Abigail is a knave then Aiden is a knave.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knave or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave or Penelope is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jacob, Victoria, Mia, William, Alexander, James, Owen, and Avery. Jacob commented, "Owen is a knight and Mia is a knave". In a statement by Victoria: "Alexander is not a knight". Mia was heard saying, "If Victoria is a knight then Owen is a knight". "Victoria is a knave or Owen is a knave," William mentioned. "William is a knave and Owen is a knave," Alexander declared. James stated, "Alexander is a knave and Avery is a knight". "Avery is not a knight," Owen claimed. Avery expressed that Victoria is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob Victoria Mia William Alexander James Owen Avery

Jacob is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Mia is a knave, William is a knight, Alexander is a knave, James is a knight, Owen is a knave, and Avery is a knight.

(1) Jacob is a knave
(2) Victoria is a knight
(3) Mia is a knave
(4) William is a knight
(5) Alexander is a knave
(6) James is a knight
(7) Owen is a knave
(8) Avery is a knight

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight and Mia is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is not a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Avery is not a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Avery that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave and Owen is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Alexander is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, Victoria, and Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Owen is a knight and Mia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Mia is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is not a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave and Owen is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave or Owen is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Victoria is a knight then Owen is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Victoria is a knight then Owen is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave and Avery is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emily, Mason, Noah, Harper, Grace, Michael, David, and William. Emily remarked, "If William is a knight then Harper is a knight". Mason said, "Michael is a knave and Noah is a knight." Noah told you that Michael is a knave and Noah is a knight. Harper remarked, "William is a knave". In Grace's words: "David is not a knave". Michael was heard saying, "Mason is a knight". "Mason is not a knave," David claimed. According to William, "If Noah is a knight then William is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily Mason Noah Harper Grace Michael David William

Emily is a knave, Mason is a knave, Noah is a knave, Harper is a knave, Grace is a knave, Michael is a knave, David is a knave, and William is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knave
(2) Mason is a knave
(3) Noah is a knave
(4) Harper is a knave
(5) Grace is a knave
(6) Michael is a knave
(7) David is a knave
(8) William is a knight

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If William is a knight then Harper is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Noah is a knight then William is a knight.

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave and Noah is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Michael is a knave and Noah is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Michael is a knave and Noah is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason and Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Noah.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Noah is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave and Noah is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Mason is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Noah is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that If William is a knight then Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, Mason, Michael, and Noah, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Noah is a knight then William is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of William that If Noah is a knight then William is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah and William, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If William is a knight then Harper is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that If William is a knight then Harper is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is not a knave.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that David is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is not a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that David is not a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is not a knave.