A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Amelia, Luke, Ethan, Grace, Samuel, Olivia, Evelyn, and Aiden. "Luke is a knave or Luke is a knight," Amelia mentioned. Luke commented, "Samuel is a knave and Grace is a knight". As Ethan put it, "Luke is a knight and Grace is a knight". As Grace put it, "If Samuel is a knight then Evelyn is a knave". "If Amelia is a knave then Luke is a knight," Samuel declared. In Olivia's words: "If Samuel is a knight then Ethan is a knight". In a statement by Evelyn: "Amelia is a knight". "Ethan is a knave," Aiden claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia Luke Ethan Grace Samuel Olivia Evelyn Aiden

Amelia is a knight, Luke is a knave, Ethan is a knave, Grace is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Olivia is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, and Aiden is a knight.

(1) Amelia is a knight
(2) Luke is a knave
(3) Ethan is a knave
(4) Grace is a knave
(5) Samuel is a knight
(6) Olivia is a knave
(7) Evelyn is a knight
(8) Aiden is a knight

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave or Luke is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that Samuel is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Amelia is a knave then Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Amelia is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that If Samuel is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Amelia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Samuel is a knight then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Luke is a knight and Grace is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knight and Grace is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Samuel is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Samuel is a knight then Ethan is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sebastian, Alexander, Aiden, James, Lucas, Liam, David, and Elizabeth. "Liam is a knave and David is a knight," Sebastian mentioned. "Aiden is not a knight," Alexander declared. "Alexander is a knave," Aiden mentioned. James told you that Sebastian is a knave and Elizabeth is a knave. "Aiden is a knave," Lucas mentioned. Liam told you that If Elizabeth is a knave then David is a knave. David said, "James is a knave or Lucas is a knave." Elizabeth remarked, "Sebastian is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sebastian Alexander Aiden James Lucas Liam David Elizabeth

Sebastian is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Aiden is a knave, James is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Liam is a knight, David is a knave, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Sebastian is a knave
(2) Alexander is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knave
(4) James is a knight
(5) Lucas is a knight
(6) Liam is a knight
(7) David is a knave
(8) Elizabeth is a knave

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave and David is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Liam is a knave and David is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then David is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that If Elizabeth is a knave then David is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sebastian is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth and Liam, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knave and David is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Elizabeth is a knave then David is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is not a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is not a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that If Elizabeth is a knave then David is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave or Lucas is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Aiden is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Isabella, Olivia, Harper, James, Jack, Sebastian, Chloe, and Henry. Isabella was heard saying, "James is not a knave". Olivia told you that Chloe is a knave and Sebastian is a knave. In Harper's words: "Jack is a knight or Harper is a knight". "Jack is a knight if and only if Henry is a knight," James declared. Jack was heard saying, "Isabella is not a knight". Sebastian commented, "If Isabella is a knight then Chloe is a knight". Chloe noted, "Henry is a knight and Sebastian is a knight". Henry remarked, "Harper is a knight or Jack is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella Olivia Harper James Jack Sebastian Chloe Henry

Isabella is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Harper is a knave, James is a knight, Jack is a knave, Sebastian is a knave, Chloe is a knave, and Henry is a knave.

(1) Isabella is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Harper is a knave
(4) James is a knight
(5) Jack is a knave
(6) Sebastian is a knave
(7) Chloe is a knave
(8) Henry is a knave

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is not a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Henry is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is not a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is not a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Jack is a knight if and only if Henry is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight or Jack is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Harper is a knight or Jack is a knight.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight or Harper is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave and Sebastian is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Chloe is a knave and Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight and Sebastian is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Chloe is a knave and Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Isabella is a knight then Chloe is a knight.

(('not', ('lying', 3)), ('and', ('lying', 6), ('lying', 5)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('<=>', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 7)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 6)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 2), ('telling-truth', 4)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Sophia, Emma, Olivia, Mia, Isabella, Henry, Oliver, and Matthew. "Oliver is a knave," Sophia declared. "Sophia is a knight or Mia is a knight," Emma claimed. Olivia asserted: "Henry is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave". Mia was heard saying, "Isabella is a knave". Isabella said that Emma is a knight. "Olivia is a knight," Henry mentioned. Oliver noted, "Henry is a knave". Matthew said that Oliver is a knave or Emma is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Sophia Emma Olivia Mia Isabella Henry Oliver Matthew

Sophia is a knight, Emma is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Mia is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Henry is a knight, Oliver is a knave, and Matthew is a knight.

(1) Sophia is a knight
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Olivia is a knight
(4) Mia is a knave
(5) Isabella is a knight
(6) Henry is a knight
(7) Oliver is a knave
(8) Matthew is a knight

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave or Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight or Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Noah, Aiden, Logan, Liam, Riley, Lucas, Mia, and Ella. "Logan is a knave," Noah mentioned. Aiden commented, "Lucas is a knave or Ella is a knave". In a statement by Logan: "Liam is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave". According to Liam, "If Logan is a knave then Lucas is a knight". Riley asserted: "Aiden is a knave if and only if Liam is a knave". "Liam is a knight or Logan is a knave," Lucas mentioned. Mia said, "Noah is a knave and Logan is a knight." "Lucas is a knave and Logan is a knave," Ella declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah Aiden Logan Liam Riley Lucas Mia Ella

Noah is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Logan is a knave, Liam is a knight, Riley is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Mia is a knave, and Ella is a knave.

(1) Noah is a knight
(2) Aiden is a knight
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) Riley is a knight
(6) Lucas is a knight
(7) Mia is a knave
(8) Ella is a knave

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Noah that Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Logan is a knave then Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight or Logan is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Ella is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Lucas is a knave or Ella is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave and Logan is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knave if and only if Liam is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Noah is a knave and Logan is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knave and Logan is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mia, Elizabeth, William, Henry, Liam, Charlotte, Chloe, and Michael. "Michael is a knave," Mia claimed. Elizabeth remarked, "Mia is a knave and Liam is a knight". According to William, "If Henry is a knave then Liam is a knave". Henry commented, "Mia is a knight". Liam noted, "Henry is a knave if and only if William is a knave". "William is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight," Charlotte claimed. "Mia is a knave and Henry is a knight," Chloe mentioned. In Michael's words: "Chloe is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia Elizabeth William Henry Liam Charlotte Chloe Michael

Mia is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, William is a knave, Henry is a knave, Liam is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Chloe is a knave, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Mia is a knave
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) William is a knave
(4) Henry is a knave
(5) Liam is a knight
(6) Charlotte is a knight
(7) Chloe is a knave
(8) Michael is a knight

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knave and Henry is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knave and Henry is a knight.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Chloe is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that William is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Henry is a knave then Liam is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, Chloe, and Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave and Henry is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is a knight.

Henry cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Mia is a knave and Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight.

William cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that William is a knight if and only if Mia is a knight.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Henry is a knave then Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave if and only if William is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave and Liam is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Alexander, Sophia, Ella, Zoey, Oliver, Abigail, Ethan, and Henry. Alexander commented, "Ella is a knight". "If Oliver is a knave then Ella is a knave" - Sophia. As Ella put it, "Oliver is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave". "Ethan is a knight and Abigail is a knight," Zoey claimed. "If Ethan is a knight then Sophia is a knight," Oliver claimed. In Abigail's words: "If Zoey is a knight then Ethan is a knave". In Ethan's words: "Abigail is not a knight". Henry said, "Oliver is a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Alexander Sophia Ella Zoey Oliver Abigail Ethan Henry

Alexander is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Ella is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Oliver is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Ethan is a knave, and Henry is a knight.

(1) Alexander is a knight
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) Ella is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knave
(5) Oliver is a knight
(6) Abigail is a knight
(7) Ethan is a knave
(8) Henry is a knight

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knight then Sophia is a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Oliver is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is not a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knight then Ethan is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight and Abigail is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Oliver is a knave then Ella is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Ethan, Riley, Daniel, Oliver, Henry, Sophia, Benjamin, and Harper. "Daniel is not a knave," Ethan claimed. "If Ethan is a knave then Oliver is a knave" - Riley. Daniel asserted: "Oliver is a knight and Harper is a knight". "Riley is not a knight" - Oliver. Henry noted, "Daniel is not a knave". Sophia was heard saying, "Henry is a knight or Harper is a knight". "Harper is a knave if and only if Henry is a knave," Benjamin declared. Harper told you that Harper is a knight or Daniel is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ethan Riley Daniel Oliver Henry Sophia Benjamin Harper

Ethan is a knave, Riley is a knight, Daniel is a knave, Oliver is a knave, Henry is a knave, Sophia is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, and Harper is a knight.

(1) Ethan is a knave
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Daniel is a knave
(4) Oliver is a knave
(5) Henry is a knave
(6) Sophia is a knight
(7) Benjamin is a knave
(8) Harper is a knight

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight and Harper is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Oliver that Riley is not a knight.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Ethan is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Oliver is a knight and Harper is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Daniel is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knight and Harper is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Ethan is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ethan is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Oliver is a knight and Harper is a knight.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Harper is a knight or Daniel is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper and Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Oliver.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is not a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knave then Oliver is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight or Daniel is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is not a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight or Harper is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knave if and only if Henry is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knave if and only if Henry is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Evelyn, Michael, Penelope, Aurora, Daniel, Aria, Benjamin, and Olivia. According to Evelyn, "Aurora is a knave or Aria is a knight". Michael expressed that Olivia is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave. Penelope was heard saying, "If Aria is a knight then Olivia is a knight". "Penelope is a knight and Aria is a knight," Aurora mentioned. "Olivia is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knave," Daniel claimed. Aria remarked, "Olivia is a knave or Benjamin is a knight". Benjamin remarked, "Olivia is a knave". Olivia said that Aurora is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Evelyn Michael Penelope Aurora Daniel Aria Benjamin Olivia

Evelyn is a knight, Michael is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Aurora is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Aria is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, and Olivia is a knave.

(1) Evelyn is a knight
(2) Michael is a knave
(3) Penelope is a knave
(4) Aurora is a knave
(5) Daniel is a knight
(6) Aria is a knight
(7) Benjamin is a knight
(8) Olivia is a knave

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave or Aria is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight and Aria is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aria is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave or Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aria that Olivia is a knave or Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that If Aria is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Aria.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Aurora is a knave or Aria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Penelope is a knight and Aria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight and Aria is a knight.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Penelope is a knight and Aria is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave or Benjamin is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aria that Olivia is a knave or Benjamin is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Olivia and Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Aria is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that If Aria is a knight then Olivia is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knight if and only if Olivia is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Benjamin, Sofia, James, Sophia, Scarlett, Isabella, Lily, and Penelope. As Benjamin put it, "If Sophia is a knight then Sofia is a knight". In Sofia's words: "Isabella is not a knight". James expressed that Isabella is a knave. "Sophia is a knight or Sofia is a knight," Sophia mentioned. "Lily is a knight and James is a knight," Scarlett declared. "Sofia is a knight or Sophia is a knave," Isabella declared. Lily commented, "Sophia is a knight and Sophia is a knave". Penelope said, "Lily is a knave or Sophia is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Benjamin Sofia James Sophia Scarlett Isabella Lily Penelope

Benjamin is a knight, Sofia is a knave, James is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Lily is a knave, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Benjamin is a knight
(2) Sofia is a knave
(3) James is a knave
(4) Sophia is a knave
(5) Scarlett is a knave
(6) Isabella is a knight
(7) Lily is a knave
(8) Penelope is a knight

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight or Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is not a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sofia that Isabella is not a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sofia is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Sofia.

Sofia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that If Sophia is a knight then Sofia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sofia, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight or Sofia is a knight.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Sophia that Sophia is a knight or Sofia is a knight.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is not a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sofia is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knight and James is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight and James is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight and Sophia is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave or Sophia is a knave.

(('->', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 5)), ('lying', 5), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 3)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 3)), ('or', ('lying', 6), ('lying', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Grace, Henry, Lily, Liam, Michael, Sophia, Daniel, and Joseph. Grace told you that If Liam is a knave then Sophia is a knave. Henry expressed that Michael is a knave and Lily is a knight. "Henry is a knave and Liam is a knave," Lily claimed. Liam said, "Henry is a knave." Michael commented, "Henry is a knave and Liam is a knight". Sophia expressed that Lily is not a knight. Daniel noted, "Lily is a knave". In Joseph's words: "Grace is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace Henry Lily Liam Michael Sophia Daniel Joseph

Grace is a knight, Henry is a knave, Lily is a knave, Liam is a knight, Michael is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Daniel is a knight, and Joseph is a knight.

(1) Grace is a knight
(2) Henry is a knave
(3) Lily is a knave
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) Michael is a knight
(6) Sophia is a knight
(7) Daniel is a knight
(8) Joseph is a knight

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knave then Sophia is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knave and Liam is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knave and Liam is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is not a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Samuel, Amelia, Elizabeth, Isabella, Joseph, Emma, Mia, and Jacob. In Samuel's words: "Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave". "Emma is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight," Amelia mentioned. As Elizabeth put it, "If Samuel is a knight then Mia is a knight". Isabella said, "Emma is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight." According to Joseph, "Amelia is a knave and Mia is a knave". Emma stated, "Joseph is a knight and Emma is a knight". "Samuel is not a knave," Mia mentioned. Jacob stated, "Joseph is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Samuel Amelia Elizabeth Isabella Joseph Emma Mia Jacob

Samuel is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Isabella is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Emma is a knave, Mia is a knave, and Jacob is a knave.

(1) Samuel is a knave
(2) Amelia is a knight
(3) Elizabeth is a knight
(4) Isabella is a knave
(5) Joseph is a knave
(6) Emma is a knave
(7) Mia is a knave
(8) Jacob is a knave

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Samuel is a knight then Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave and Mia is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Joseph is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that If Samuel is a knight then Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Samuel is a knight then Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that If Samuel is a knight then Mia is a knight.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Samuel is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia and Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Samuel is not a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is not a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Elizabeth is a knave if and only if Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Joseph is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and Mia is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Emma is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight and Elizabeth is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Henry, Sebastian, Scarlett, Penelope, Ella, Benjamin, Victoria, and Daniel. "Victoria is not a knight," Henry claimed. Sebastian commented, "Victoria is a knight". Scarlett expressed that If Victoria is a knight then Penelope is a knight. Penelope was heard saying, "Sebastian is a knave or Ella is a knight". Ella expressed that Scarlett is not a knave. "Sebastian is a knight or Ella is a knight" - Benjamin. As Victoria put it, "Daniel is a knight and Benjamin is a knight". Daniel noted, "Scarlett is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry Sebastian Scarlett Penelope Ella Benjamin Victoria Daniel

Henry is a knave, Sebastian is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Penelope is a knight, Ella is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Victoria is a knight, and Daniel is a knight.

(1) Henry is a knave
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Scarlett is a knight
(4) Penelope is a knight
(5) Ella is a knight
(6) Benjamin is a knight
(7) Victoria is a knight
(8) Daniel is a knight

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Henry that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knight and Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knight then Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave or Ella is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is not a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Daniel is a knight and Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sebastian is a knight or Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Scarlett is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and Sebastian, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knave or Ella is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Sebastian is a knave or Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sebastian and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Victoria is a knight then Penelope is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, Daniel, and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Henry.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is not a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight and Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Ella is a knight.

(('not', ('telling-truth', 6)), ('telling-truth', 6), ('->', ('telling-truth', 6), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('not', ('lying', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 4)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 7), ('telling-truth', 5)), ('telling-truth', 2))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Charlotte, Luke, Aiden, Riley, Evelyn, Sofia, Jack, and Penelope. "Riley is a knave or Luke is a knight," Charlotte mentioned. In Luke's words: "Riley is a knave or Penelope is a knight". Aiden noted, "Jack is a knave or Evelyn is a knave". Riley remarked, "Jack is not a knave". Evelyn remarked, "Riley is a knave". Sofia asserted: "Penelope is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave". "If Aiden is a knave then Evelyn is a knave," Jack declared. Penelope told you that Riley is not a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Charlotte Luke Aiden Riley Evelyn Sofia Jack Penelope

Charlotte is a knight, Luke is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Riley is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Sofia is a knave, Jack is a knight, and Penelope is a knight.

(1) Charlotte is a knight
(2) Luke is a knight
(3) Aiden is a knight
(4) Riley is a knight
(5) Evelyn is a knave
(6) Sofia is a knave
(7) Jack is a knight
(8) Penelope is a knight

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave or Luke is a knight.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knave then Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave or Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Jack is a knave or Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is not a knave.

Sofia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Liam, Samuel, Scarlett, Grace, Joseph, Charlotte, Chloe, and Owen. According to Liam, "Charlotte is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave". "Grace is a knight or Liam is a knave" - Samuel. In Scarlett's words: "If Liam is a knight then Owen is a knave". "Liam is a knave" - Grace. Joseph commented, "If Charlotte is a knave then Scarlett is a knight". In Charlotte's words: "Scarlett is a knave or Owen is a knave". Chloe told you that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight. In Owen's words: "Joseph is a knave and Grace is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Liam Samuel Scarlett Grace Joseph Charlotte Chloe Owen

Liam is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Grace is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, Chloe is a knave, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Liam is a knave
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Scarlett is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knight
(6) Charlotte is a knight
(7) Chloe is a knave
(8) Owen is a knave

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave or Owen is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knight then Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that If Liam is a knight then Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Liam is a knight then Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Joseph is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Charlotte is a knave then Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave or Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Liam that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Scarlett is a knave or Owen is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Scarlett is a knave or Owen is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Liam.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Liam that Charlotte is a knave if and only if Owen is a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Charlotte is a knave then Scarlett is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight or Liam is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, Jackson, Charlotte, Sophia, Victoria, Emily, Evelyn, and Elizabeth. "Sophia is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knave," Jack claimed. Jackson noted, "Sophia is a knave or Evelyn is a knave". Charlotte was heard saying, "Jackson is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave". Sophia remarked, "Elizabeth is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave". In a statement by Victoria: "Charlotte is not a knight". "If Jackson is a knave then Evelyn is a knight," Emily mentioned. Evelyn expressed that Charlotte is a knight. "Sophia is a knight and Jack is a knight," Elizabeth mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack Jackson Charlotte Sophia Victoria Emily Evelyn Elizabeth

Jack is a knave, Jackson is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Sophia is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Emily is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Jackson is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Sophia is a knave
(5) Victoria is a knight
(6) Emily is a knight
(7) Evelyn is a knave
(8) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knight and Jack is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight and Jack is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Sophia is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Jackson cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Sophia is a knave or Evelyn is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jackson, Elizabeth, and Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knave or Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Charlotte is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Jack is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Grace, Avery, Benjamin, Chloe, Zoey, David, Evelyn, and Aurora. Grace was heard saying, "If Benjamin is a knave then Zoey is a knave". As Avery put it, "David is not a knight". "Aurora is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave" - Benjamin. "Grace is a knave or Evelyn is a knave," Chloe mentioned. In Zoey's words: "Chloe is a knight or David is a knight". David expressed that Benjamin is a knight. Evelyn commented, "Aurora is a knave and Zoey is a knight". Aurora remarked, "Evelyn is a knave or Avery is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace Avery Benjamin Chloe Zoey David Evelyn Aurora

Grace is a knave, Avery is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Zoey is a knight, David is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, and Aurora is a knave.

(1) Grace is a knave
(2) Avery is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knave
(4) Chloe is a knight
(5) Zoey is a knight
(6) David is a knave
(7) Evelyn is a knight
(8) Aurora is a knave

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Zoey is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Benjamin that Aurora is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave or Avery is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave and Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight or David is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Grace is a knave or Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knave or Evelyn is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Benjamin is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is not a knight.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Evelyn is a knave or Avery is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider David.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Chloe is a knight or David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David and Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that Aurora is a knave and Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that Evelyn is a knave or Avery is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn and Aurora, so let us go back and reconsider Benjamin.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave or Avery is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is a knave and Zoey is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is a knave and Zoey is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that If Benjamin is a knave then Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight or David is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Chloe is a knight or David is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Grace is a knave or Evelyn is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, Zoey, and Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Aurora cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that Aurora is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aurora and Benjamin, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Benjamin is a knave then Zoey is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that If Benjamin is a knave then Zoey is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Benjamin that Aurora is a knight if and only if Grace is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave or Evelyn is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is a knight.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Matthew, Charlotte, Isabella, Elizabeth, Michael, Chloe, Harper, and Lily. Matthew was heard saying, "Charlotte is not a knave". "Elizabeth is a knave and Michael is a knight," Charlotte mentioned. According to Isabella, "If Harper is a knight then Matthew is a knave". In a statement by Elizabeth: "Isabella is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knave". "If Matthew is a knight then Matthew is a knave," Michael mentioned. Chloe was heard saying, "Harper is a knight and Harper is a knave". Harper was heard saying, "Isabella is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight". Lily commented, "Charlotte is a knave or Isabella is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Matthew Charlotte Isabella Elizabeth Michael Chloe Harper Lily

Matthew is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, Isabella is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, Michael is a knight, Chloe is a knave, Harper is a knave, and Lily is a knight.

(1) Matthew is a knave
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) Isabella is a knight
(4) Elizabeth is a knight
(5) Michael is a knight
(6) Chloe is a knave
(7) Harper is a knave
(8) Lily is a knight

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Elizabeth is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knight then Matthew is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that If Harper is a knight then Matthew is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Matthew is a knight then Matthew is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Elizabeth is a knave and Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael and Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that Isabella is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella and Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Charlotte is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is not a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that Charlotte is not a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knave and Michael is a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave and Elizabeth is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knight then Matthew is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight and Harper is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight and Harper is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Isabella is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Lucas, Jacob, Lily, Benjamin, Ava, Aurora, Liam, and Oliver. Lucas remarked, "Lily is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight". "Lucas is not a knave" - Jacob. In a statement by Lily: "Ava is a knight or Oliver is a knave". Benjamin noted, "Lily is a knight". Ava said, "Jacob is a knave." According to Aurora, "Liam is a knave or Aurora is a knight". Liam noted, "Benjamin is not a knave". As Oliver put it, "Oliver is a knight and Jacob is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas Jacob Lily Benjamin Ava Aurora Liam Oliver

Lucas is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Lily is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Ava is a knave, Aurora is a knight, Liam is a knave, and Oliver is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Jacob is a knight
(3) Lily is a knave
(4) Benjamin is a knave
(5) Ava is a knave
(6) Aurora is a knight
(7) Liam is a knave
(8) Oliver is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lily is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight or Oliver is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Jacob is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lucas is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Lily is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knight or Oliver is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Lily is a knight if and only if Ava is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is not a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knight and Jacob is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knave or Aurora is a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Benjamin is not a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jackson, Chloe, Logan, Liam, Jacob, Alexander, Emily, and Sebastian. Jackson said that Alexander is a knave. Chloe was heard saying, "Jackson is a knight or Sebastian is a knave". "Alexander is a knave or Emily is a knave" - Logan. Liam remarked, "Chloe is a knave or Chloe is a knight". Jacob expressed that Chloe is a knave. "Sebastian is not a knight," Alexander mentioned. In Emily's words: "If Sebastian is a knight then Jacob is a knight". As Sebastian put it, "Liam is a knight or Liam is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson Chloe Logan Liam Jacob Alexander Emily Sebastian

Jackson is a knight, Chloe is a knight, Logan is a knight, Liam is a knight, Jacob is a knave, Alexander is a knave, Emily is a knave, and Sebastian is a knight.

(1) Jackson is a knight
(2) Chloe is a knight
(3) Logan is a knight
(4) Liam is a knight
(5) Jacob is a knave
(6) Alexander is a knave
(7) Emily is a knave
(8) Sebastian is a knight

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is not a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is a knight or Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight or Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave or Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

Jacob cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave.

Jacob cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that If Sebastian is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jacob, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Sebastian is a knight then Jacob is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: James, Jack, Amelia, Scarlett, Ava, Sebastian, Emily, and Aurora. James stated, "If Scarlett is a knight then Ava is a knave". Jack remarked, "Ava is a knave or Scarlett is a knight". As Amelia put it, "James is not a knave". Scarlett was heard saying, "If Ava is a knight then Sebastian is a knave". Ava noted, "Jack is not a knave". In a statement by Sebastian: "James is a knight". As Emily put it, "Amelia is a knave or Aurora is a knight". "Sebastian is a knave or Amelia is a knight," Aurora declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James Jack Amelia Scarlett Ava Sebastian Emily Aurora

James is a knave, Jack is a knight, Amelia is a knave, Scarlett is a knight, Ava is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Emily is a knight, and Aurora is a knight.

(1) James is a knave
(2) Jack is a knight
(3) Amelia is a knave
(4) Scarlett is a knight
(5) Ava is a knight
(6) Sebastian is a knave
(7) Emily is a knight
(8) Aurora is a knight

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ava is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that If Scarlett is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is not a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that Jack is not a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ava is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Ava, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Ava is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is not a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Jack is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Ava cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Scarlett that If Ava is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ava and Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Scarlett is a knight then Ava is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knave or Scarlett is a knight.

Sebastian cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that If Ava is a knight then Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is not a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is not a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave or Aurora is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave or Amelia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Mia, Emily, Emma, Owen, Aurora, Oliver, Abigail, and Sophia. "Owen is a knave and Abigail is a knave," Mia declared. As Emily put it, "Emma is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight". Emma said, "Emily is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight." Owen expressed that Mia is not a knave. Aurora told you that Oliver is a knave. Oliver remarked, "Mia is a knight". Abigail told you that Emma is a knave and Aurora is a knight. Sophia asserted: "Aurora is a knight and Oliver is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia Emily Emma Owen Aurora Oliver Abigail Sophia

Mia is a knave, Emily is a knight, Emma is a knave, Owen is a knave, Aurora is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Abigail is a knight, and Sophia is a knight.

(1) Mia is a knave
(2) Emily is a knight
(3) Emma is a knave
(4) Owen is a knave
(5) Aurora is a knight
(6) Oliver is a knave
(7) Abigail is a knight
(8) Sophia is a knight

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave and Abigail is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Owen is a knave and Abigail is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Mia is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knave and Abigail is a knave.

Owen cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mia is not a knave.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Emma is a knave and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight if and only if Emma is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight if and only if Owen is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Oliver is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight and Oliver is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Scarlett, Emma, Abigail, Zoey, Penelope, Ava, Alexander, and Michael. Scarlett told you that If Zoey is a knave then Michael is a knave. According to Emma, "Penelope is a knight and Michael is a knave". Abigail told you that If Emma is a knave then Ava is a knight. Zoey asserted: "Scarlett is a knave and Abigail is a knave". Penelope said that If Alexander is a knave then Ava is a knave. In Ava's words: "Emma is not a knave". Alexander told you that Abigail is a knave or Emma is a knight. In Michael's words: "Michael is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett Emma Abigail Zoey Penelope Ava Alexander Michael

Scarlett is a knight, Emma is a knight, Abigail is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Penelope is a knight, Ava is a knight, Alexander is a knight, and Michael is a knave.

(1) Scarlett is a knight
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Abigail is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knave
(5) Penelope is a knight
(6) Ava is a knight
(7) Alexander is a knight
(8) Michael is a knave

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knave then Michael is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knave and Abigail is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave and Abigail is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knave then Ava is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Alexander is a knave then Ava is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is a knave or Emma is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that If Zoey is a knave then Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Emily, Evelyn, James, Penelope, Luke, Oliver, Emma, and Michael. In Emily's words: "Emma is a knight or Emily is a knight". "If Emily is a knave then Penelope is a knave" - Evelyn. In a statement by James: "Emma is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight". Penelope stated, "Luke is not a knight". Luke expressed that If Oliver is a knave then Michael is a knight. Oliver told you that Emma is not a knight. Emma remarked, "Emily is a knight". Michael noted, "James is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily Evelyn James Penelope Luke Oliver Emma Michael

Emily is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, James is a knight, Penelope is a knave, Luke is a knight, Oliver is a knight, Emma is a knave, and Michael is a knight.

(1) Emily is a knave
(2) Evelyn is a knight
(3) James is a knight
(4) Penelope is a knave
(5) Luke is a knight
(6) Oliver is a knight
(7) Emma is a knave
(8) Michael is a knight

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight or Emily is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knave then Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is not a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Penelope that Luke is not a knight.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Oliver is a knave then Michael is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that If Oliver is a knave then Michael is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is not a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that If Oliver is a knave then Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that James is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emma is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, Michael, Oliver, and Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Penelope.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is not a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Oliver is a knave then Michael is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is not a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that James is a knight if and only if Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Luke that If Oliver is a knave then Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael and Oliver, so let us go back and reconsider Luke.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Penelope that Luke is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke and Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Evelyn.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Emily is a knave then Penelope is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knight or Emily is a knight.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Emma is a knight or Emily is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knight.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Evelyn that If Emily is a knave then Penelope is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is not a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Luke is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Owen, Benjamin, Ava, Lucas, Mia, Aiden, Isabella, and Olivia. Owen told you that Olivia is a knight or Isabella is a knave. "Aiden is a knave and Isabella is a knave" - Benjamin. In a statement by Ava: "Isabella is not a knight". "Olivia is a knave or Owen is a knave," Lucas declared. Mia said that If Aiden is a knave then Lucas is a knight. "Olivia is a knight and Mia is a knight," Aiden declared. Isabella was heard saying, "Lucas is a knight or Olivia is a knave". In Olivia's words: "Mia is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen Benjamin Ava Lucas Mia Aiden Isabella Olivia

Owen is a knight, Benjamin is a knave, Ava is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Mia is a knight, Aiden is a knight, Isabella is a knave, and Olivia is a knight.

(1) Owen is a knight
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Ava is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knave
(5) Mia is a knight
(6) Aiden is a knight
(7) Isabella is a knave
(8) Olivia is a knight

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight or Isabella is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knave.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Aiden is a knave then Lucas is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight and Mia is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Olivia is a knave or Owen is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave or Owen is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knight or Olivia is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knight or Olivia is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knave and Isabella is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knave and Isabella is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: David, Ella, Aurora, Emma, Joseph, Victoria, James, and Alexander. "If Ella is a knight then Emma is a knight," David declared. "James is a knight or David is a knave," Ella claimed. Aurora noted, "David is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave". Emma expressed that James is a knave or Alexander is a knight. Joseph expressed that If Victoria is a knight then Alexander is a knave. Victoria remarked, "Alexander is not a knight". James asserted: "Victoria is a knave". Alexander stated, "Ella is a knight if and only if James is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David Ella Aurora Emma Joseph Victoria James Alexander

David is a knight, Ella is a knave, Aurora is a knave, Emma is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Victoria is a knight, James is a knave, and Alexander is a knave.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Ella is a knave
(3) Aurora is a knave
(4) Emma is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knight
(6) Victoria is a knight
(7) James is a knave
(8) Alexander is a knave

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ella is a knight then Emma is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight or David is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Alexander is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that James is a knight or David is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight or David is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that James is a knight or David is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight if and only if James is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or Alexander is a knight.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Victoria is a knight then Alexander is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Owen, Chloe, Charlotte, Elizabeth, Matthew, Aria, Samuel, and Avery. As Owen put it, "Samuel is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave". Chloe commented, "Elizabeth is a knight and Samuel is a knight". Charlotte commented, "Chloe is a knave and Matthew is a knave". In Elizabeth's words: "Owen is a knave". Matthew said, "Aria is a knave." In Aria's words: "Owen is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight". Samuel noted, "Chloe is a knight". Avery expressed that If Charlotte is a knave then Owen is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Owen Chloe Charlotte Elizabeth Matthew Aria Samuel Avery

Owen is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Aria is a knight, Samuel is a knight, and Avery is a knave.

(1) Owen is a knave
(2) Chloe is a knight
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Elizabeth is a knight
(5) Matthew is a knave
(6) Aria is a knight
(7) Samuel is a knight
(8) Avery is a knave

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Samuel is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that Elizabeth is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Chloe.

Chloe cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Chloe is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Chloe, so let us go back and reconsider Samuel.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight and Samuel is a knight.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Owen is a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Samuel is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, Chloe, and Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight if and only if Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knave and Matthew is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave and Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Aria is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Owen is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aria, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aria is a knave.

Assume Aria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knave if and only if Elizabeth is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Charlotte is a knave then Owen is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Charlotte is a knave then Owen is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Noah, Ethan, Daniel, Samuel, Jacob, Sofia, Aiden, and Joseph. "Daniel is a knight or Sofia is a knight," Noah claimed. Ethan stated, "Joseph is a knight or Samuel is a knave". Daniel was heard saying, "Aiden is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave". In a statement by Samuel: "Noah is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave". Jacob stated, "Joseph is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knave". "Joseph is not a knave," Sofia declared. Aiden said, "Ethan is a knave and Samuel is a knight." "Ethan is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight," Joseph claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Noah Ethan Daniel Samuel Jacob Sofia Aiden Joseph

Noah is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Samuel is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Sofia is a knight, Aiden is a knave, and Joseph is a knight.

(1) Noah is a knight
(2) Ethan is a knight
(3) Daniel is a knight
(4) Samuel is a knight
(5) Jacob is a knight
(6) Sofia is a knight
(7) Aiden is a knave
(8) Joseph is a knight

Assume Noah is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knight or Sofia is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aiden is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Aiden is a knight if and only if Noah is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave and Samuel is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight or Samuel is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Sofia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is not a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knave if and only if Sofia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jack, Joseph, Chloe, Matthew, Luke, James, Victoria, and Evelyn. Jack remarked, "Matthew is not a knave". Joseph asserted: "Jack is a knight and Jack is a knave". Chloe expressed that Jack is a knave. "Matthew is a knight or Jack is a knight," Matthew declared. Luke commented, "If Luke is a knight then Matthew is a knave". James noted, "If Chloe is a knight then Chloe is a knave". Victoria stated, "James is a knave or Jack is a knight". In a statement by Evelyn: "James is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack Joseph Chloe Matthew Luke James Victoria Evelyn

Jack is a knave, Joseph is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Luke is a knight, James is a knave, Victoria is a knight, and Evelyn is a knave.

(1) Jack is a knave
(2) Joseph is a knave
(3) Chloe is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knave
(5) Luke is a knight
(6) James is a knave
(7) Victoria is a knight
(8) Evelyn is a knave

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is not a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight or Jack is a knight.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight and Jack is a knave.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Luke is a knight then Matthew is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Luke is a knight then Matthew is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, Chloe, and Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Matthew.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jack that Matthew is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Jack.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is not a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Jack that Matthew is not a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight or Jack is a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knight then Matthew is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Chloe is a knight then Chloe is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Chloe is a knight then Chloe is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight if and only if Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 8 inhabitants: Jacob, Lucas, Evelyn, Chloe, Jack, Olivia, Aria, and Samuel. In Jacob's words: "If Jacob is a knight then Samuel is a knight". Lucas remarked, "Jack is a knave and Evelyn is a knave". Evelyn stated, "Jacob is a knave or Evelyn is a knight". In a statement by Chloe: "Evelyn is a knave". Jack was heard saying, "Evelyn is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knave". "Evelyn is a knave," Olivia claimed. "Lucas is a knave or Jack is a knight," Aria mentioned. In Samuel's words: "Lucas is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob Lucas Evelyn Chloe Jack Olivia Aria Samuel

Jacob is a knight, Lucas is a knight, Evelyn is a knave, Chloe is a knight, Jack is a knave, Olivia is a knight, Aria is a knave, and Samuel is a knight.

(1) Jacob is a knight
(2) Lucas is a knight
(3) Evelyn is a knave
(4) Chloe is a knight
(5) Jack is a knave
(6) Olivia is a knight
(7) Aria is a knave
(8) Samuel is a knight

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jacob is a knight then Samuel is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Jack is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Jack is a knave and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Evelyn is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave or Jack is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave or Jack is a knight.