zh-en/valid.zh-en.doc_trans.json

{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "When humans lived from subsistence agriculture, their radius of interaction was small: they did not have to talk to one another, and as a consequence, languages diverged. That is why Cameroon, a country slightly smaller than Spain, is home to 230 languages. By contrast, when the Industrial Revolution increased the value of larger markets, Italy (1861-1871) and Germany (1870-1871) were created by unifying smaller states on the basis of nationalist sentiment and a common language, both of which actually had to be created. A shared sense of us obviously makes life much easier for political entities. Without it, on whose behalf would the state – which is supposed to make decisions, define and protect rights, and impose obligations – be acting? If “us” includes only, say, the Alawites in Syria, the Kikuyu in Kenya, or Han Chinese in China, everyone else has an incentive to rebel. Clearly, countries that have a shared language and religion may develop a sense of “us” more easily than others. But the world is full of states that are very diverse in these two dimensions, in which an alternative sense of “us” evolves and is constantly redefined by politics. In the United States, for example, the sense of “us” initially included only white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, not Irish, Italian, or Polish Catholics or Jews – and especially not African-Americans. Largely through politics, a more inclusive sense of “us” developed.", "zh": "当人类依靠温饱型农业过活时，他们的互动半径很小：他们不需要彼此交谈，结果是语言呈现多样性。 因此，面积略小于西班牙的喀麦隆存在230种语言。 相反，当工业革命增加了更大的市场的价值时，意大利（1861—1871年）和德国（1870—1871年）通过在民族主义情绪和共同语言的基础上合并小国而得以建立，实际上，两国都必须被建立。 显然，共同的我们的感觉让政治实体的存在变得容易了许多。 没有这种感觉，国家 — — 应该由它来做出决定、定义和保护权利并规定义务 — — 代表谁行动？ 如果“我们”只包括（比如）叙利亚的阿拉维派、肯尼亚的吉库尤人或中国的汉族，那么所有其他人都有动力起义。 显然，有共同语言和宗教的国家比其他国家更容易发展出“我们”的感觉。 但世界上也存在众多在这两方面呈现出多样性的国家，在这些国家，另一种“我们”的感觉演化出来并一直由政治来定义。 比如，在美国 ， “ 我们”的感觉最初只包括盎格鲁-萨克逊新教徒，而不包括爱尔兰人、意大利人或波兰天主教徒和犹太人 — — 尤其不包括非洲裔美国人。 基本上是通过政治，一个更加包容的“我们”的感觉发展形成。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "The enchantment was no more, the spell was broken. We were mortal again, two people playing on a beach. We threw more stones, went to the water's edge, flung ducks and drakes, and fished for driftwood. The tide had turned, and came lapping in the bay. The small rocks were covered, the seaweed washed on the stones. We rescued a big floating plank and carried it up the beach above high-water mark. Maxim turned to me, laughing, wiping the hair out of his eyes, and I unrolled the sleeves of my mackintosh caught by the sea spray. And then we looked round, and saw that Jasper had disappeared. We called and whistled, and he did not come. I looked anxiously towards the mouth of the cove where the waves were breaking upon the rocks. 'No,' said Maxim, 'we should have seen him, he can't have fallen. Jasper, you idiot, where are you? Jasper, Jasper?' 'Perhaps he's gone back to the Happy Valley?' I said. 'He was by that rock a minute ago, sniffing a dead seagull,' said Maxim.", "zh": "令人痴醉的气氛烟消云散，魔法被解除了。我们又成了两个平凡普通的人，在海滩上嬉戏。我们朝远处抛掷石块，跑到水边玩打水漂的游戏，捞取漂浮的木片。潮水已经返回，在海湾里拍打作声，将小礁石淹没，把水草冲上石滩。我们捞到一大块漂浮的木板，把它拖回高潮线以上的海滩。迈克西姆冲我哈哈笑着，拨开遮在眼睛上的头发。我挽起被海水打湿的雨衣袖子。后来我们回头一看，发现杰斯珀不见了踪影。我们又是喊叫又是打呼哨，但仍不见它出现。我焦急地向海湾口瞭望，只见海浪飞溅在礁石上。 迈克西姆说：“它不在那儿，不然我们会看到的。它不会被浪涛冲走的，杰斯珀，蠢东西，你在哪儿？杰斯珀！杰斯珀！” “可能回幸福谷了吧？”我说。 “它刚才在那块礁石旁嗅一只死海鸥来着。”迈克西姆说。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "p2p-data"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Instead, President Joe Biden will promote a mélange of measures – such as a shift to electric cars and an end to fossil-fuel development – that are mostly good ideas, but together are vastly more expensive and less efficient than a carbon tax. The European Union, with its Emissions Trading System (a cap-and-trade alternative to a carbon tax), has made more progress on carbon pricing. Even so, the scheme currently covers only about 50% of the EU’s greenhouse-gas emissions and gives many allowances for free. No wonder, then, that policymakers in emerging and low-income economies react so cynically when they are asked to risk slowing down their countries’ economic development in order to help combat climate change. Many of them instead ask why global climate accords do not push all countries to achieve similar levels of per capita emissions. Even if a global carbon tax magically came to pass, the world would still need a mechanism for transferring resources and know-how to developing economies to prevent them from becoming the major emitters of the future. I have promoted the idea of establishing a dedicated World Carbon Bank that would house technical expertise, facilitate the exchange of best practices, and help channel hundreds of billions of dollars in grants and loans to lower-income countries. Buy-in from developing countries is essential. Coal, which accounts for 30% of global CO2 emissions, is cheap and plentiful in countries such as India and China. Although 21 countries have pledged to phase out coal-fired power, nearly all of them are in Europe, and they account for only about 5% of the world’s coal-fired power stations. China’s recent pledge to stop building new coal plants abroad is a good start. But China itself produces more than half of the world’s coal-fired power, and many other countries, such as Vietnam, will presumably now build more coal plants on their own. Moreover, even with a carbon tax, regulators will still have to tackle myriad issues, such as deciding where wind turbines can be built, how legacy coal-powered electricity plants can be phased out, and to what extent natural gas can be used as a transitional energy source.", "zh": "相反拜登总统将推动包括转型电动汽车和停止化石燃料开发在内的一系列措施，虽说这些措施大多也不错，但加在一起可比碳税要昂贵得多，效率也更低。 而欧盟则通过其排放交易系统（一种替代碳税的上限和交易方案）在碳定价方面取得了更多进展。 但即便如此，该计划目前也只涵盖了欧盟50%的温室气体排放且提供了大量免费配额。 因此难怪新兴和低收入经济体的政策制定者们在被要求冒着本国经济发展放缓的风险来协助应对气候变化时会表现得如此冷漠。 他们中的许多人反而会质问为何全球气候协议未能推动所有国家达到同样的人均排放水平。 就算全球碳税能神奇地成为现实，世界仍然需要一个向发展中经济体转移资源和技术的机制以防它们成为未来的主要排放者。 我曾提倡专门建立一个世界碳银行，该银行可以存储各类专业技术，促进最佳实践的交流，并帮助向低收入国家输送数千亿美元的赠款和贷款。 发展中国家的支持是至关重要的。 煤炭占到了全球二氧化碳排放量的30 % ， 同时在印度和中国等国储量巨大且价格低廉。 虽然已经有21个国家承诺会逐步淘汰燃煤发电，但这些国家几乎都在欧洲且只占全球燃煤发电厂总量的5%左右。 中国最近承诺停止在国外建设新燃煤发电厂是一个好的开始，但该国本身生产的煤电占据了全世界的一半以上，而且许多类似越南这样的国家如今大概会自行建造更多的燃煤发电厂。 此外即便有了碳税，监管机构仍将面对无数问题，例如决定在哪里可以建造风力涡轮机、如何淘汰余下的燃煤电厂，以及可以在何种程度上使用天然气作为过渡能源。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "When Interest Rates Rise CAMBRIDGE – Long-term interest rates are now unsustainably low, implying bubbles in the prices of bonds and other securities. When interest rates rise, as they surely will, the bubbles will burst, the prices of those securities will fall, and anyone holding them will be hurt. To the extent that banks and other highly leveraged financial institutions hold them, the bursting bubbles could cause bankruptcies and financial-market breakdown. The very low interest rate on long-term United States Treasury bonds is a clear example of the current mispricing of financial assets. A ten-year Treasury has a nominal interest rate of less than 2%. Because the inflation rate is also about 2%, this implies a negative real interest rate, which is confirmed by the interest rate of -0.6% on ten-year Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS), which adjust interest and principal payments for inflation. Historically, the real interest rate on ten-year Treasuries has been above 2%; thus, today’s rate is about two percentage points below its historical average. But those historical rates prevailed at times when fiscal deficits and federal government debt were much lower than they are today. With budget deficits that are projected to be 5% of GDP by the end of the coming decade, and a debt/GDP ratio that has roughly doubled in the past five years and is continuing to grow, the real interest rate on Treasuries should be significantly higher than it was in the past. The reason for today’s unsustainably low long-term rates is not a mystery.", "zh": "当利率上升 美国剑桥—如今，长期利率极低，这是不可持续的，导致了债券和其他证券存在泡沫。 当利率上升时 — — 必将如此 — — 泡沫就会破裂，这些证券的价格将下跌，持有者将受伤。 由于银行和其他高杠杆金融机构都是这些证券的持有者，因此泡沫破灭可能导致破产和金融市场崩溃。 毫无疑问，美国长期国债的超低利率是当前金融资产错误定价的例子。 十年期美国国债的名义利率还不到2 % 。 由于通货膨胀率也在2%左右，因此实际利率是负的，这一点可以从十年期通胀保护国债（TIPS，其还本付息额须经通胀调整）上得到映证，十年期TIPS利率为-0.6 % 。 从历史上看，十年期美国国债的实际利率一直高于2 % ； 因此，眼下约2%的利率低于历史平均水平。 但历史利率是在财政赤字和联邦政府债务远比今天低的时期录得的。 再过十年，预算赤字预计将达GDP的5 % ， 而债务/GDP比率在过去五年中翻了一番且将继续上升，因此美国国债实际利率应该远比过去高。 眼下的不可持续低长期利率并没有什么神秘原因。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Migration Beyond Crisis Mode MADRID – Over the past seven years, Europe has been in crisis mode almost without interruption. From Ukraine to Greece, events have led the continent from the frying pan to the fire and back again, with all of the attendant summitry, declarations, and brinkmanship. Now, it is a migration crisis – one that is unlikely to be resolved in the foreseeable future – that is commanding the European Union’s attention. But, if Europe is to respond effectively, it must move beyond crisis mode to understand both what it is facing and what it wants to achieve. It is indisputable that migration deserves the EU’s focus. Not only are migrant flows into Europe shattering records from one month to the next; migrants’ primary entry points are changing as well. Meanwhile, the already-hazy lines between asylum-seekers, refugees, displaced persons, and purely economic migrants are becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish at all. The dangerous conditions of the migrants’ journey constitute a serious humanitarian crisis. Since the beginning of this year, roughly 2,500 people have died attempting to cross the Mediterranean, to say nothing of gruesome scenes like the recent discovery of 71 decomposing bodies in an abandoned truck in Austria. Thousands more languish in makeshift camps with little or no support. To make matters worse, there has been a steady stream of migration-related violence across Europe, from an arson attack on a planned refugee shelter in Germany to police brutality against migrants in Macedonia and Hungary.", "zh": "超越危机状态的移民 马德里 — — 过去七年来，欧洲一直处在危机状态，几乎就没有间断过。 从乌克兰到希腊的一系列事件让欧洲大陆从受尽煎熬到面对熊熊战火，期间伴随着连绵不断的首脑会议、正式宣言和边缘政策。 现在需要欧盟关注的移民危机已经爆发 — — 上述危机不太可能在可以预见的未来顺利解决。 但如果欧洲想要采取有效对策，就必须超越危机状态理解自身的目标和现实局势。 移民应该引起欧盟的关注已经是不争的事实。 欧洲移民人数不仅月月打破记录；移民的主要进入点也在不断变化之中。 此外，寻求庇护者、难民、流离失所者和单纯经济移民之间本已模糊的界限变得愈加难以区分。 移民之路的危险状况构成了严重的人道主义危机。 今年年初以来，约有2，500人死于试图穿越地中海，更不用说最近像奥地利一辆废弃卡车中发现71具腐烂尸体那样的可怕场景。 成千上万人滞留在临时搭建的帐篷中几乎得不到任何支持。 更糟的是，从德国有人策划纵火袭击难民收容所到马其顿和匈牙利警方针对移民的暴力事件，欧洲一直就存在着针对移民的暴力行为。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "The Urgency of Refugee Education GENEVA – The world’s refugee crisis is most often measured in numbers. But for young refugees missing out on an education, the crisis can also be tracked by an irreversible metric: the passage of time. Of the 17.2 million people that the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (the UN Refugee Agency) is responsible for protecting, roughly half are under the age of 18, meaning that an entire generation of young people, already robbed of their childhood, could lose out on a future as well. School-age children form a large share of the world’s displaced population. At the end of 2016, there were an estimated 11.6 million refugees experiencing “protracted displacement”: they have been away from their homes for more than five years and have no “immediate prospects” of return. Of these, 4.1 million have been refugees for at least 20 years, longer than the amount of time the average person spends in school. The case for refugee education is clear. Childhood should be spent learning how to read, write, count, inquire, assess, debate, calculate, empathize, and set goals. These skills are especially important for those who will be called upon to rebuild their countries when they return home. Moreover, education provides refugee children a safe space amid the tumult of displacement. And education can even help ensure the peaceful and sustainable development of the communities that have opened their doors to displaced families.", "zh": "难民教育的紧迫性 日内瓦—世界难民危机最常用的衡量指标是数字。 但对失去受教育机会的年轻难民来说，难民危机还可以用不可逆转的指标来追踪：时间的流逝。 联合国难民高级代表（联合国难民署）需要负责保护1,720万人，其中大约一半不到18岁，这意味着整整一代年轻人，在已经被剥夺了童年的情况下，还面临着失去未来的危险。 学龄儿童构成了世界流民的很大一部分。 据估计，到2016年年底，有1,160万难民正在经历“长期流离失所 ” ： 他们背井离乡已超五年，没有任何能“立即返乡”的希望。 在这些人当中，有410万已经至少当了20年难民，这比普通人在学校所呆的时间还要长。 难民教育问题是显而易见的。 童年应该用在学习如何阅读、写作、算数、研究、评估、辩论、推理、产生同理心和制定目标上。 这些技能对于有朝一日回到家乡就需要重建家园的人来说尤其重要。 此外，教育为时刻处在流离失所的动乱中的难民儿童提供了安全控件。 教育甚至还能有助于确保向流离失所家庭敞开大门的社区的和平可持续的发展。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Societies, too, can become more altruistic (and may even enjoy an evolutionary advantage over their more selfish counterparts). Research on the evolution of cultures suggests that human values can change more quickly than our genes. Thus, if we are to engender a more caring world, we must first recognize the importance of altruism – and then cultivate it among individuals and promote cultural change in our societies. Nowhere is the need to cultivate this recognition clearer than it is in our economic system. The unrealistic pursuit of endless quantitative growth places intolerable strains on our planet and widens inequalities. But reversing that growth would create other problems; forcing people to compete for diminishing assets and resources would spread unemployment, poverty, and even violence. So a balance must be struck: the global community must lift 1.5 billion people out of poverty, while the excesses of the world’s richest consumers – which cause the vast majority of ecological degradation – must be limited. We need not impose more taxes to achieve this, but we can persuade the wealthy that the eternal pursuit of material gain is both unsustainable and unnecessary for their own quality of life. This concept of “sustainable harmony” can be promoted by publishing indices of personal well-being and environmental preservation, alongside standard GDP data. The government of Bhutan, for example, already accounts for the “social wealth” and “natural wealth” of its people, in addition to its GDP figures. We could also establish a stock exchange, alongside traditional securities markets, comprising so-called ethical organizations, such as social enterprises, cooperative banks, microcredit agencies, and fair-trade groups. Several initiatives – for example, in Brazil, South Africa, and the United Kingdom – have already taken small steps in this direction. Small steps lead to big changes. As the value of altruism becomes increasingly obvious, the new approach will spread through the economy, benefiting all of society, future generations, and the planet, too.", "zh": "社会也可以向利他主义转化（甚至可以实现相对于自私同伴的进化优势 ） 。 对文化演变的研究表明人类价值观可以以超过人类基因的速度发生变化。 因此，如果要建设一个充满关爱的世界，我们必须先意识到利他主义的重要性 — — 接着需要在人与人之间培育利他主义，并推动社会的文化变革。 利他主义最应该在经济领域得到认可。 不切实际地追求无止境的数量增长给我们的星球带来了难以承受的压力，并不断加深不平等鸿沟。 但增长发生逆转会带来其他问题；比如迫使人们争夺不断减少的资源和财产，从而导致失业、贫困乃至暴力不断扩大。 因此必须要实现某种平衡：国际社会必须让15亿人摆脱贫困，同时要限制世界最富裕消费者导致绝大部分生态退化的过度消费行为。 实现这一目标并不一定要加重税收，但我们可以说服有钱人无休无止地追求物质利益对提高自身生活质量既没有必要也无法持久。 可以通过发布个人福利及环保指标，以及标准GDP数据的方式来推进这种“可持续和谐”的理念。 比方说，不丹政府就已经在GDP数据之外，提出了民众的“社会财富”和“自然财富”理念。 我们也可以在传统的证券市场之外建立另外的证券交易市场，涵盖社会企业、合作银行、小额信贷机构及公平贸易团体等所谓的道德组织。 巴西、南非和英国采取的若干举措已经朝这个方向迈出了一小步。 不积跬步无以至千里。 随着利他主义的价值日益凸显，新方法将推广到经济的所有领域，造福社会、地球和子孙后代。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "It is true that Palestinians, who comprised the vast majority of the population and owned an overwhelming share of the land, were unhappy with the partition plan, which awarded them 46% of mandatory Palestine. Today, Palestinians are seeking statehood on a mere 22% of the territory that had been part of mandatory Palestine until Israel was unilaterally established on areas much larger than those awarded by UN General Assembly Resolution 181 in 1947. Palestine’s quest for statehood within the borders of June 4, 1967, falls squarely within international law. The UN Security Council resolved in November of that year that “acquisition of territory by war” is unacceptable. Subsequent Security Council resolutions and international treaties have upheld this principle. In fact, a Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders is exactly what US President Barack Obama has called for. Similarly, the European Union has long advocated a two-state solution, with Palestine being established on areas occupied by Israel in 1967. As Abbas has said, the upcoming General Assembly vote is not aimed at delegitimizing Israel. It follows the Palestinian National Council’s declaration in 1988 of a Palestinian state alongside the state of Israel. It also follows the Arab Peace Initiative, adopted by the Arab League at its Beirut Summit in 2002 (and to which Israel has yet to respond).", "zh": "诚然，巴勒斯坦人对于分治计划划给他们46%的英属巴勒斯坦托管地感到十分不满，他们是巴勒斯坦人口的大头，也拥有绝大部分巴勒斯坦土地。 如今，巴勒斯坦所寻求的国土面积只有托管地的22 % ， 1947年联合国大会181号决议后，以色列单方面将决议所授予的土地扩大了很大一部分。 巴勒斯坦要求在1967年6月4日的边界内建国，这符合国际法。 联合国安理会于当年11月作出决议 ， “ 通过战争获得领土”是不可接受的。 后续安理会决议和国际条约都秉承这一原则。 事实上，基于1967年边界的巴勒斯坦国正是美国总统奥巴马所呼吁的。 类似地，欧盟也长期支持两国解决方案，巴勒斯坦国将建立在1967年被以色列占领的区域内。 阿巴斯指出，即将到来的联合国大会投票并不是旨在让以色列非法化。 它所遵循的是1988年巴勒斯坦国民议会宣言 — — 在以色列国边上建立巴勒斯坦国。 它也遵循2002年阿盟贝鲁特峰会通过的阿拉伯和平倡议（Arab Peace Initiative，但以色列至今尚未对此倡议表态 ） 。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Europe’s Refugee Problem, Then and Now NEW YORK – Earlier this spring, I drove to a beautiful spot on the southern bank of Lake Geneva. My destination was the Hotel Royale in Évian-les-Bains. It was there, in July 1938, that 32 nations met for a shameful discussion that has been virtually airbrushed from our memory. Convened by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the massive refugee crisis triggered by Hitler’s virulent anti-Semitism, the Évian conference was a catastrophe. And its disastrous outcome needs to be recalled in the light of Europe’s current migration crisis. The Évian conference was supposed to address the plight of hundreds of thousands of German and Austrian Jews who were desperate for refuge. Roosevelt believed that only a collective solution could meet the challenge. Hitler, too, hoped that other countries would accept them. In a speech in Königsberg that March, he jeered, “I can only hope and expect that the other world which has felt such deep sympathy for these criminals will be generous enough to transform this pity into practical aid. As far as I am concerned we are ready to place our luxury ships at the disposal of these countries for the transportation of these criminals.” He had already begun to expel Jews, including by placing them forcibly on ships and sending them to various destinations in the Mediterranean and across the Atlantic. But, throughout Europe, the refugees faced rejection.", "zh": "欧洲的难民问题：过去和现在 纽约—今年春天早些时候，我驾车来到日内瓦湖南岸的一处美丽风景。 我的目的地是埃维昂莱班（Évian-les-Bains）的皇家酒店（Hotel Royale ） 。 1938年，就是在这里，32个国家进行了可耻的讨论，这段历史已经基本上从我们的记忆中抹去了。 埃维昂会议由美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福召集，目的是为了应对希特勒残暴的反犹主义所造成的大规模难民危机。 这次会议是一场灾难。 在今天的欧洲移民危机的衬托下，我们应该再次铭记起它的可怕后果。 埃维昂会议原本是为了解决急于逃难的数十万德国和奥地利犹太人的困境。 罗斯福认为唯有集体方案能够应对这一挑战。 希特勒也希望其他国家可以接受他们。 在那年3月的柯尼斯堡（Königsberg）讲话中，他揶揄道 ： “ 我只能希望和期待另一个世界对这些罪犯怀有深刻的同情，能够慷慨地将它们的怜悯之情转化为实际援助。 就我个人而言，我准备随时将我们的豪华船只提供给这些国家调遣，用于运送这些罪犯 。 ” 他已经开始驱逐犹太人，手段包括强行把他们驱赶上船，运往地中海和大西洋的各个目的地。 但是，难民在整个欧洲都面临被拒绝的局面。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Moreover, illegal immigrants may remain connected to or even controlled by the criminal organizations that smuggled and resettled them. As for legal immigrants, ethnic enclaves insulated from effective policing in the US have historically created space for the local expansion of home-country mafias. The risks extend beyond new arrivals. In recent years, terrorist attacks have been carried out by second-generation immigrants who reject the menial jobs their immigrant parents were forced to take, but lack the education and social acceptance needed to ascend the economic ladder. Salman Abedi, the British-born son of Libyan immigrants who carried out a suicide bombing following a concert by the America singer Ariana Grande in Manchester in May 2017, is a case in point. Such cases are exceedingly rare. And yet the increasing frequency of such events in recent years underscores the importance of managing immigration effectively – including investing the relevant resources – in the short and long term. Some argue that, to mitigate the risks of immigration, countries should use a kind of point system, based on credentials such as education, because the highly educated are presumably less likely to be unemployed or commit crimes. But a person does not need an advanced degree to make invaluable entrepreneurial, technological, or artistic contributions. And it would be unjust to reject asylum-seekers for not having PhDs. Race-based selection is of course also unconscionable.", "zh": "此外，非法移民可能很难斩断与偷渡并安置他们的犯罪团伙之间的联系，甚至落入他们的控制之中。 至于合法移民，美国警方无法有效管理的民族聚居区历来就一直推动来自移民发源地的黑手党在美国本土扩张。 风险并不仅限于新来者。 近年来，第二代移民一直在开展恐怖袭击活动，这些人拒绝从事像他们移民父母那样卑微的工作，但却缺乏攀爬经济阶梯所需的教育和社会认可。 萨尔曼·阿贝迪是出生在英国的利比亚移民后代，他在2017年5月美国歌手阿丽亚娜·格兰德曼彻斯特演唱会后发动自杀性炸弹袭击就是最好的例证。 这样的案例是非常罕见的。 但近年来，此类事件发生频率的不断升高凸显了在长期和短期内有效进行移民管理 — — 包括相关资源投资 — — 的重要性。 有人提出为减轻移民风险，各国应当采用某种以教育等证书为基础的点数制度，因为受过高等教育的移民失业可能性较低、也不太可能走上犯罪的道路。 但一个人无需高级学位才能作出宝贵的创业、技术或艺术贡献。 而且因为没有拿到博士学位而拒绝批准庇护申请是不公平的。 基于特定种族的选择当然也是不合情理的。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Monetary and Inflationary Traps CHICAGO – Price increases in the United States are spreading across goods and services, and inflation also can be seen in broad-based business inputs such as transportation, energy, and increasingly labor. How should we expect central bankers to react? For its part, the US Federal Reserve has emphasized that it will contemplate raising interest rates only after it is done tapering its monthly asset purchases, which will be sometime in July 2022 at the current pace of unwinding. Nonetheless, some members of the Fed’s rate-setting Federal Open Market Committee worry that the central bank will have fallen behind the curve by that time, forcing it to raise rates more abruptly, to higher levels, and for longer than anticipated. Hence, Fed Vice Chair Richard Clarida recently indicated that the Fed might consider speeding up the taper (so that it can raise rates sooner) when its members meet again in December. Notwithstanding the growing (but often unspoken) worries at the Fed, central bankers nowadays are reticent to see inflation as a problem. In the past, the current levels of inflation would have prompted them to square their shoulders, look determinedly into the TV cameras, and say, “We hate inflation, and we will kill it” – or words to that effect. But now they are more likely to make excuses for inflation, assuring the public that it will simply go away.", "zh": "货币和通胀陷阱 发自芝加哥—美国的价格上涨正在各类商品和服务中大肆蔓延，而通货膨胀也可以在诸如运输、能源以及（日益显现的）劳动力等大范围商业投入品中被发现。 那么我们应该期待中央银行家们对此做出何种应对呢？ 美国联邦储备委员会已经强调它只会在彻底断绝其每月资产采购（按照当前缩减速度将会在2022年7月的某个时点）之后才会考虑提高利率。 即便如此，仍有一些美联储联邦公开市场委员会委员担心届时央行将落后于形势，迫使其更加出其不意地将利率提升到更高的水平，而且比预期延续更长的时间。 为此美联储副主席理查德·克拉里达（Richard Clarida）最近表示美联储可能会在其成员于12月再次开会时考虑加快收紧速度（以便能够更早开始加息 ） 。 尽管美联储有着越来越多（且往往是不对外透露的）的忧虑，但如今的央行行长们却不愿将通胀视为一个问题。 要是在以前出现了这样的通胀水平，他们会挺直腰杆，目光坚定地看着电视摄像机说出“我们讨厌通胀，一定会消灭它”之类的话。 但如今他们更可能会为通胀寻找借口并向公众保证通胀很快就会自行消失。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Malala’s Revolution ISLAMABAD – The men who attempted to kill 14-year-old Malala Yousafzai on October 9 knew what she represented. Her active involvement since the age of eleven in campaigning for the rights of girls in her region to be educated was well known. Malala’s efforts, while applauded by the West and some segments of Pakistani society, were deeply resented by the obscurantist forces that go by the name of the Taliban, which in Pakistan calls itself Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan. Their choice of name is an ironic one, for Taliban, an Arabic word, means those seeking to be educated, whereas the Taliban’s principal aim is to keep Muslim societies backward so that they can be persuaded to adopt a seventh-century version of Islam. Education, particularly of women, stands in the way of achieving this goal. But the attack on Malala will, most likely, have an effect that is opposite to that intended by those who carried it out. Several religious leaders joined the chorus of condemnation that followed the attack on Malala. In a sign of unity, a council of Sunni Muslim scholars in the eastern city of Lahore issued a fatwa, signed by 50 clerics, saying that the justifications cited by the girl’s attackers were “deviant” and had no basis in Islamic law. The Taliban seem to have been taken aback by the public and media reaction to the attack.", "zh": "马拉拉的革命 伊斯兰堡—在10月9日试图杀害14岁的马拉拉·尤萨夫扎伊（Malala Yousafzai）的人们知道她代表着什么。 她从11岁就积极地参与了所在地区助长女生受教育权的活动，相当有名。 马拉拉的努力受到了西方和巴基斯坦一部分人的赞扬，但被称为塔利班的反启蒙势力对她深恶痛绝。 他们巴基斯坦自称巴基斯坦塔利班（Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan ） ， 这是个奇怪的名字，因为“塔利班”这个阿拉伯词语的意思是寻求受教育，而塔利班的主旨是保持穆斯林社会的落后状况，以便说服他们接受17世纪的伊斯兰教义。 教育特别是女性教育，是达到这一目的的障碍。 但对马拉拉的攻击的效果更可能与攻击者的本意背道而驰。 不少宗教领袖也齐声指责对马拉拉的供给。 东部城市拉合尔（Lahore）的一个逊尼派穆斯林学者委员会集体签名发布了一份教义裁决（共有50名牧师参与 ） ， 认为马拉拉攻击者的理由是“离经叛道的 ” ， 毫无伊斯兰法律依据。 塔利班似乎对公众和媒体对攻击事件的反应大吃一惊。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "But, despite more frequent surveys of portfolio holdings in recent years, certain new asset acquisitions – for example, some held with foreign custodians – still most likely go unreported. The numbers are potentially large. The reported US current-account deficits from 1982 to 2013, based on subsequent revisions, total $9.5 trillion. And yet the deterioration in the US international investment position over this period was not much more than half of that amount ($5.7 trillion if measured relative to the revised estimate for 1981). Certainly a lot of the discrepancy is attributable to valuation effects: since 1982, the dollar value of overseas assets has increased repeatedly, owing to increases in the dollar value of foreign currency and increases in the assets’ foreign-currency value. But part of the discrepancy also reflects the discovery of missing assets, some of which may have originated in the reinvestment of overseas income. The missing credits also originally could have been earned in other ways. For example, US multinational corporations sometimes over-invoice import bills or under-report export earnings to reduce their tax obligations. Again, this would work to overstate the recorded current-account deficit. Consider an (admittedly extreme) illustration. If true investment income were double what is reported, the difference was reinvested abroad in the years 1982-2000, and those assets were discovered by 2014, that would explain about half of the upward revision in the US net international investment position. If something like this under-reporting of reinvested earnings or other balance-of-payments credits has gone on in the past, it may still be going on today – especially with US firms becoming aggressive about arbitraging corporate income tax. And if true investment income is indeed as large as double what is reported, the true US current-account balance entered the black in 2009 and has been in surplus ever since.", "zh": "但是，尽管近几年来投资组合调查频率有所增加，但一些新资产收购 — — 比如由外国保管人代持的资产 — — 仍极有可能在报告中遗漏。 这一数字可能极其巨大。 1982年—2013年，报告的美国经常项目赤字（基于随后的修正值）总数为9.5万亿美元。 但同期美国国际投资头寸恶化程度只比这个数字的一半略高（5.7万亿美元，以相对于1981年的修正估算值衡量 ） 。 显然，这一差异中的很大一部分可以归因于估值效应：1982年以来，海外资产的美元价值一再上升，原因在于外币美元价值的升高和资产外币价值的升高。 但是这一差异中的一部分也反映了遗漏资产的发现，其中一些可能源于海外所得再投资。 遗漏的数字也可能源于其他原因。 比如，美国跨国公司有时会多计进口账单，少报出口利润，以减轻税负。 这也会高估录得经常项目赤字。 举个例子（平心而论，这是个极端例子 ） 。 如果真实投资所得比报告数字大一倍，1982—2000年间的差值被用于海外再投资，并且这些资产在2014年被发现，这样就可以解释美国净国际投资头寸向上修正幅度的一半。 如果类似于这一低报再投资利润或其他收支平衡盈余的行为过去存在，那么今天可能依然存在 — — 特别是考虑到美国企业正热衷于公司所得税套利。 而如果真正的投资所得实际上要比报告数字大一倍，那么真正的美国经常项目余额在2009年就不再是赤字，并在此后一直是盈余。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "zh", "tgt_lang": "en", "translation": {"zh": "行动目标：到2023年，公共卫生应急数字化体系更加完善，信息化支撑疫。情常态化防控能力大幅提升；到2025年，公共卫生应急数字化体系功能进一步提升，信息化对提升突发公共卫生事件应急响应能力发挥显著作用。强化公共卫生监测预警能力。提升传染病疫情和突发公共卫生事件监测能力，提高评估监测敏感性和准确性。建立智慧化预警多点触发机制，健全多渠道监测预警机制，提高实时分析、集中研判能力。支持公共卫生机构和医疗机构数据共享，实现相关信息快速报送，做到早发现、早报告、早处置。提高突发公共卫生事件应急响应能力。加强集中统一高效的公共卫生应急指挥能力建设，完善突发公共卫生事件应急响应机制。积极运用大数据、人工智能、物联网、云计算等数字技术，在疫情监测分析、病毒溯源、防控救治、资源调配等方面更好发挥支撑作用。健全统一的国家储备和应急物资保障系统，优化应急物资产能保障和区域布局，提升储备效能。", "en": "Action goals: By 2023, the digital system for public health emergency response will be further improved, and the informatization will support a significant enhancement in the normalized prevention and control capacity of epidemic situations. By 2025, the functionality of the digital system for public health emergency response will be further enhanced, and informatization will play a significant role in improving the emergency response capacity for sudden public health events. Strengthen the capacity for public health monitoring and early warning. Enhance the monitoring capacity for infectious disease epidemics and sudden public health events, and improve the sensitivity and accuracy of assessment and monitoring. Establish a smart multi-point triggering mechanism for early warning, improve the multi-channel monitoring and early warning mechanism, and enhance real-time analysis and centralized judgment capabilities. Support data sharing between public health institutions and medical institutions, achieve rapid information reporting, and achieve early detection, early reporting, and early disposal. Improve the emergency response capacity for sudden public health events. Strengthen the construction of a centralized, unified, and efficient public health emergency command system, and improve the emergency response mechanism for sudden public health events. Actively utilize digital technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and cloud computing to better support epidemic monitoring and analysis, virus tracing, prevention and control, and resource allocation. Improve the unified national reserve and emergency material guarantee system, optimize the guarantee and regional layout of emergency materials, and enhance reserve efficiency."}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "csprd"}
{"src_lang": "zh", "tgt_lang": "en", "translation": {"zh": "新能源汽车储能装置制造，主要包括电子元器件与机电组件设备制造、锂离子电池制造、镍氢电池制造、其他电池制造等。电子元器件与机电组件设备制造，主要包括电池生产自动供粉系统、电池生产真空搅拌系统以及供浆系统、电池生产高速挤出式极片涂布设备、电池生产极片辊压设备、电池生产极片高速分切设备、极片成型、极耳焊接、卷绕及叠片单机自动化生产线装备、极片成型、极耳焊接、卷绕及叠片连线自动化生产线装备、注液、封装等单机自动化、注液、封装连线自动化生产线装备、电池生产在线监测设备、电池模块自动堆垛设备、模块焊接设备及下线检测设备、电池节能化成装备、电池老化及分选装备、电池回收再利用生产装备、燃料电池MEA、双极板制备装备、燃料电池电堆测试平台。锂离子电池制造，主要包括新能源汽车用能量型锂离子电池、新能源汽车用功率型锂离子电池、新能源汽车用能量、功率兼顾型锂离子电池。镍氢电池制造，主要包括新能源汽车用镍氢蓄电池。", "en": "The manufacturing of energy storage devices for new energy vehicles mainly includes the manufacturing of electronic components and electromechanical components, lithium-ion battery manufacturing, nickel-hydrogen battery manufacturing, and other battery manufacturing. The manufacturing of electronic components and electromechanical components includes battery production automatic powder supply systems, battery production vacuum mixing systems and slurry supply systems, battery production high-speed extrusion coating equipment for electrode sheets, battery production electrode sheet rolling equipment, battery production electrode sheet high-speed cutting equipment, electrode sheet forming, electrode tab welding, winding and stacking single-machine automated production line equipment, electrode sheet forming, electrode tab welding, winding and stacking interconnection automated production line equipment, injection, packaging, and other single-machine automated, injection, packaging, and interconnection automated production line equipment, battery production online monitoring equipment, battery module automatic stacking equipment, module welding equipment and offline testing equipment, battery energy-saving equipment, battery aging and sorting equipment, battery recycling and reuse production equipment, fuel cell MEA, bipolar plate preparation equipment, fuel cell stack testing platform. The manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries mainly includes energy-type lithium-ion batteries for new energy vehicles, power-type lithium-ion batteries for new energy vehicles, and energy and power hybrid-type lithium-ion batteries for new energy vehicles. The manufacturing of nickel-hydrogen batteries mainly includes nickel-hydrogen batteries for new energy vehicles."}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "csprd"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Though some analysts remain convinced that Xi’s “Asia for Asians” line is an empty attempt to bolster his nationalist credentials, an equally strong case can be made that it signifies a genuine policy shift. While the argument is not overwhelming, it should not be dismissed out of hand. The most conclusive evidence of Xi’s readiness to challenge the established order lies in the economic sphere. Most notably, China has established new development institutions, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the new Silk Road Fund, to which it will channel tens of billions of dollars – clear challenges to the established Western-dominated multilateral institutions. On the security front, however, China has made much less headway in turning its “Asia for Asians” vision into reality. To be sure, it has acquired some military capabilities to deter the US from intervening in the Taiwan Strait or the South China Sea, and it has improved its security cooperation with Russia and Central Asian countries through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. But such modest gains are more than offset by the security setbacks that China has suffered as a result of its assertiveness in regional territorial disputes. Indeed, after many months of increasingly forceful military moves – most notably, the unilateral declaration of an air-defense identification zone covering a large swath of the South China Sea, including disputed territories – China’s ties with Japan reached an all-time low. And concerned Southeast Asian countries have been entreating the US to remain in the region as a counterweight to China.", "zh": "尽管一些分析家仍认为习近平的“亚洲人民的亚洲”路线只是防空炮，目的是巩固他的民族主义者形象，但同样有理由认为这表明了真正的政策变化。 尽管这一观点尚不足以令人信服，但也不能完全否认。 习近平准备挑战既成秩序，最有说服力的证据在于经济。 最引人注目的是，中国建立了不少新发展机构，包括亚洲基础设施投资银行和新丝绸之路基金，将向其中注入数百亿美金 — — 显然这是向西方主导的多边机构的挑战。 但是，在安全方面，中国在将其“亚洲人民的亚洲”愿景转变为现实方面的动作就要少得多。 诚然，它已经拥有了一定的军事实力震慑美国队台湾海峡或南海的干预，并且通过上海合作组织强化了其与俄罗斯和中亚国家的安全合作。 但这些轻微的进展往往被中国因为在地区领土争议中表现得咄咄逼人而带来的安全隐患所抵消。 事实上，在多个月日渐升级的军事动作后 — — 最引人关注的便是单方面宣布了覆盖包括争议领土在内的广大南海海域的防空识别区 — — 中国与日本的关系降到了历史冰点。 忧心忡忡的东南亚国家也恳求美国留在该地区制衡中国。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "As a result of the SEC’s inaction, money-market funds will continue to operate outside the scope of bank-style rules on capital and reserves, even though investors treat them like bank accounts. Unlike banks, though, they do not pay the government to insure their investors. But the 2008 financial crisis showed that, when push comes to shove, the government will backstop money-market funds nonetheless. The rejected proposals are thus good policy: money-market funds should be made safer – via capital requirements and liquidity restrictions – because they already receive a de facto government guarantee. Their steady value makes them appear safer to investors than they are to the world’s financial system. The SEC’s rejection of the proposed rules demonstrates the power of concerted lobbying – and that concentrated interests often trump diffuse benefits. Typically, an interest group lobbies Congress, blandishing persuasive arguments, campaign contributions, and other support; often enough members – or enough key members – come to see the merit of the group’s point of view (or at least vote as if they do). Meanwhile, ordinary citizens do not notice unless the issue receives significant media attention. Often no one lobbies the other side of the issue.", "zh": "即便投资者依然将其当作银行账户般看待，但由于证券交易委员会的不做为，货币市场基金将继续在银行式的资本和储备规则之外运作。 跟银行不同的是，他们并不会像政府付钱来为投资者担保。 但2008年的金融危机显示，当情况危急时，政府依然会为货币市场基金撑腰。 因此被否决的提案都是些好政策：货币市场基金应该变得更加安全 — — 通过对资本的要求以及流动性限制 — — 因为他们已经获得了一个事实上的政府担保。 它们的稳定价值使它们看上去对投资者显得更安全 — — 对全球金融系统就难说了。 证券交易委员会的否决行动显示出协商一致的游说行动 — — 以及集中的利益往往会胜过分散的利益。 通常来说，一个利益集团游说国会，组织有说服力的论据，发起筹款以及其他支持；往往有足够的议员 — — 或者足够的核心议员 — — 会看到该集团观点的可取之处（���至少看似明白地投下一票 ） 。 与此同时，普通市民直到情况受到媒体极大关注时才注意到这些事情。 往往也没有人去游说并陈述事情的另外一面。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "The economic relationship grew increasingly one-sided, with the annual US bilateral trade deficit with China consistently running in the hundreds of billions of dollars. Likewise, hopes that economic engagement would bring about political liberalization proved futile. Under Xi, China has become more repressive than at any time since the Mao era. The central government has crushed democracy in Hong Kong, instituted tight controls over the internet, and forced about one million Uyghurs into re-education camps in an effort to erase their religious and cultural identity. In addition, China has become much more assertive abroad. It has militarized the South China Sea, used force against India, and repeatedly dispatched its military to threaten Taiwan and Japan. As a result, a new cold war between the US and China is widely assumed to be either inevitable or already underway. Some observers even argue that the entire effort to integrate China into a US-led world order was an ill-advised fantasy, a doomed gambit that accelerated the emergence of a great-power rival. Adding insult to injury is the reality that what began 50 years ago as Sino-American cooperation against the Soviet Union has morphed into Sino-Russian cooperation against the US. In a recent joint statement, Russia lent support to China’s position regarding the origin of COVID-19, as well as on Taiwan. China returned the favor by opposing further NATO enlargement and, in an additional sop to Russian policy toward Ukraine, failed to reiterate its long-held foreign-policy tenet of non-interference in other countries’ internal affairs. The deteriorating trend in Sino-American relations is dangerous for the world.", "zh": "经济关系日益发展单向，美国对中国的年度双边贸易逆差一直保持在数千亿美元。 同样，经济参与带来政治自由化的希望被证明是一场空。 在习近平的领导下，中国变得比毛泽东时代以来的任何时候都更加专制。 中央政府粉碎了香港的民主，对互联网进行严格控制，并强迫大约一百万维吾尔族人进入再教育营，以消除他们的宗教和文化身份。 此外，中国对外变得更加咄咄逼人。 它把南海军事化，对印度动武，并多次出动军队威胁台湾和日本。 因此，人们普遍认为中美之间的新冷战要势在必行，甚至已经开始。 一些观察家甚至认为，将中国纳入美国主导的世界秩序的全部努力都是不明智的幻想，是一个必然失败的策略，加快了超级大国对手的出现。 雪上加霜的是，50年前开始的中美合作对抗苏联，已经演变成中俄合作对抗美国。 在最近的一份联合声明中，俄罗斯支持中国关于新冠肺炎起源以及台湾问题的立场。 中国则回报以反对进一步扩大北​​约，此外，对于俄罗斯对乌克兰政策，中国没有重申其长期奉行的不干涉他国内政的外交政策原则。 中美关系恶化的趋势对世界来说是危险的。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "In a stagflationary environment, unexpected events (like the war in Ukraine or COVID-19) create supply shocks that translate into rising prices due to excess demand. Issuing new debt creates more demand, thus further fueling inflation. While price growth seems to be slowing, eurozone inflation is still at 8.5% – four times higher than the European Central Bank’s 2% target – and could spike again. Even the most recent core inflation rate, which excludes volatile food and energy prices, stood at 7%, much higher than anticipated. During the stagflationary decade of the 1970s, it took a while for a wage-price spiral to take hold. With no end in sight for the war in Ukraine and the steady exit of baby boomers from the work force, high inflation is likely here to stay. The persistence of high inflation makes pensioners who saved diligently for old age, together with savers who put their money into nominal-value-secured assets such as life insurance, the real victims of Europe’s indebtedness. The distributional effects could turn out to be profound, if not disastrous. In his memoir The World of Yesterday, the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig vividly described how the hyperinflation of the 1920s impoverished and radicalized the petty bourgeoisie. Nothing, he wrote, made the Germans so “hateful and ripe for Hitler” as inflation. The American historian Gerald Feldman corroborated this observation in his seminal 1997 book on German inflation, The Great Disorder. To be sure, today’s inflationary surge is nothing like the hyperinflation crises of the early twentieth century. But every inflationary episode starts small. The trick is to nip it in the bud before it spirals out of control. As the Romans would say, principiis obsta (“resist the beginning”). The European Commission’s plans to raise billions by issuing long-term EU bonds are legally questionable and economically irresponsible. This borrowing, for which new justifications are constantly being sought, is clearly inflationary. Moreover, the Commission’s approach could undermine European stability and endanger the single currency. If it continued on its current path, the EU would harm the creditworthiness of European government bonds.", "zh": "滞胀环境中的意外事件（如乌克兰战争或新冠疫情）所造成的供应冲击会由于需求过剩而转化为物价上涨。 发行新债务会创造更多需求，从而进一步助长通胀。 虽然物价增长似乎有所放缓，但欧元区通胀率仍为8.5 % — —比欧洲央行2%的目标高出4倍 — — 且可能再次飙升。 即使是最近的核心通胀率（不包括波动较大的食品和能源价格）也达到了6.2 % ， 远高于预期。 在1970年代的十年滞胀中，工资-物价的螺旋上升经过一段时间才稳定了下来。 鉴于乌克兰战争看不到尽头以及婴儿潮一代不断退出劳动力市场，高通胀很可能会持续存在。 而这种持续存在使得那些为晚年生活勤奋储蓄的养老金领取者以及把钱投入到人寿保险等名义价值担保资产的储蓄者成为欧洲债务的真正受害者。 这类分配性的影响即便不是灾难性的，也可能是深远的。 奥地利作家斯蒂芬·茨威格（Stefan Zweig）在其回忆录《昨天的世界》中生动地描述了1920年代的恶性通胀是如何使小资产阶级贫困化和激进化的。 他在书中说没有什么比通胀更能让德国人“充满仇恨和适于被希特勒利用 ” 。 美国历史学家杰拉尔德·费尔德曼（Gerald Feldman）在其1997年关于德国通货膨胀的开创性著作《大混乱》中证实了这一观察。 虽说当前的通胀激增与20世纪初的恶性通胀危机完全不同。 但是每一次通胀的发生都是从小事开始的，而诀窍则是在它失控之前将其扼杀在萌芽状态。 正如一句古罗马俗语：principiis obsta （ “ 防微杜渐 ” ） 。 欧盟委员会通过发行欧盟长期债券筹集数十亿美元的计划既存在法律问题，也在经济上不负责任。 这种不断寻找新理由借贷的做法显然会引发通胀。 此外委员会的做法可能会破坏欧洲的稳定，危及单一货币。 如果沿当前的道路走下去，欧盟将损害欧洲政府债券的信用度。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Europe’s Pain without Gain VITORIA-GASTEIZ – In a recent interview, French President François Hollande made the crucial, but often forgotten, point that there are limits to the level of sacrifice that can be demanded of the citizens of southern Europe’s financially distressed countries. To avoid turning Greece, Portugal, and Spain into collective “correctional houses,” Hollande reasoned, people need hope beyond the ever-receding horizon of spending cuts and austerity measures. Even the most rudimentary understanding of psychology supports Hollande’s assessment. Negative reinforcement and delayed gratification are unlikely to achieve their goals unless there is a perceived light at the end of the tunnel – a future reward for today’s sacrifices. Public pessimism in southern Europe is largely attributable to the absence of such a reward. As declining consumer confidence and household purchasing power deepen the recession, projections of when the crisis will end are repeatedly pushed back, and those bearing the brunt of austerity are losing hope. Throughout history, the concept of sacrifice has merged theology and economics. In the ancient world, people made often-bloody offeringsto divinities, whom they believed would reward them with, say, good harvests or protection from evil. Christianity, with its belief that God (or the Son of God) sacrificed Himself to expiate humanity’s sins, inverted the traditional economy of sacrifice. In this case, divine suffering serves as an exemplar of the selflesshumility with which earthly misfortunes should be endured. Despite secularization, the belief that rewards, or achievements, require sacrifice has become an integral part of European cultural consciousness. The idea of a “social contract” – which arose during the Enlightenment in orderto address, without resort to divine right, the legitimacy of the state’s authority over its citizens – rests on the premise that individuals surrender a certain degree of personal liberty in order to secure peace and prosperity for all. As a result, political leaders have often asked citizens to sacrifice personal freedoms and comforts in the name of secularized spiritual entities, such as the nation or the state – and citizens have eagerly obliged.", "zh": "欧洲的无果之痛 威托利亚-加斯泰兹 — — 不久前的一次采访中，法国总统弗朗索瓦·奥朗德表达了重要、但却往往被人遗忘的观点，那就是要求南欧财政困难国居民做出牺牲也必须要有限度。 为了防止希腊、葡萄牙和西班牙沦为集体“劳教所 ” ， 奥朗德认为必须要为面临削减开支及财政紧缩所带来衰退的人们保留一丝希望的曙光。 奥朗德的评估以最基本的心理学理解为基础。 除非隧道的尽头投射出一线曙光（今天的牺牲能够换来今后的回报 ） ， 否则纯粹的消极强化和延迟满足不太可能真正实现目标。 看不到未来的回报在很大程度上导致了南欧民众的悲观情绪。 随着危机由于消费者信心和家庭购买力的下降而不断向纵深发展，对危机结束时点的预测也一再延后，而那些首当其冲的紧缩受害者更是越来越看不到希望。 纵观历史，牺牲的概念将神学和经济学联系在一起。 古代世界的人们往往用血淋淋的贡品来祭祀神灵，并相信能够因此获得好的收成或者驱灾辟邪。 基督教相信上帝（或上帝之子）牺牲自己来替人类赎罪颠覆了传统的祭祀经济。 此刻的神圣受难最终成为无私谦卑的典范，并以此要求众生秉承这种精神来忍受人世间的不幸生活。 尽管无法阻挡世俗化进程的脚步，认为回报或者成就需要以牺牲来换取的理念已成为欧洲文化意识中必不可少的组成部分。 诞生于启蒙运动时期的“社会契约”理念原本是为在不诉诸神权的情况下解决国家对公民权力的合法性问题，这一理念的前提是个人为实现全体民众的和平与繁荣而在一定程度上放弃个人自由权利。 结果是政治领导者往往假借民族或国家等世俗化精神实体的名义要求民众牺牲个人的舒适及自由权利，而民众也往往怀着满腔的热情照行不误。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "She is the very brilliant and bizarre woman of American letters. She's the author of \"Strangers on a Train\" and \"The Talented Mr. Ripley,\" books that are all about how jealousy, it muddles our minds, and once we're in the sphere, in that realm of jealousy, the membrane between what is and what could be can be pierced in an instant. Take Tom Ripley, her most famous character. Now, Tom Ripley goes from wanting you or wanting what you have to being you and having what you once had, and you're under the floorboards, he's answering to your name, he's wearing your rings, emptying your bank account. That's one way to go. But what do we do? We can't go the Tom Ripley route. I can't give the world D's, as much as I would really like to, some days. And it's a pity, because we live in envious times. We live in jealous times. I mean, we're all good citizens of social media, aren't we, where the currency is envy? Does the novel show us a way out? I'm not sure. So let's do what characters always do when they're not sure, when they are in possession of a mystery. Let's go to 221B Baker Street and ask for Sherlock Holmes. When people think of Holmes, they think of his nemesis being Professor Moriarty, right, this criminal mastermind.", "zh": "她是美国文学史上非常杰出而又奇诡的一位 她是《火车怪客》和 《天才里普利先生》的作者 这些书都是关于嫉妒如何 让我们思维混乱 而且一旦我们进入了嫉妒的领域 真实性和可能性之间的薄膜 瞬间就被刺穿 例如汤姆·里普利，她作品里最著名的人物 里普利一开始想要你 或想要你所拥有的 然后又想成为你，并拥有你曾经拥有的 你被关在地下室 他应答着你的名字 戴着你的戒指 花光你的银行账户 这是一条路 但我们怎么做呢？我们不能重复里普利的路 我不能给这个世界带来巨大变化 即便我愿意有一天这点能实现 这很遗憾，因为我们生活在羡慕的时代 我们生活在嫉妒的时代 我是说，我们都是社交媒体的好公民 在那里嫉妒是一种潮流，不是吗？ 小说能给我们解决办法吗？我不确定 那我们就来学学小说人物吧，看他们在遇到难解之事 且不确定时是怎么做的 让我们回到贝克街221B号 问问夏洛克·福尔摩斯 当人们想到福尔摩斯 就会想到他的对手莫里亚蒂教授 这个犯罪天才"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "iwslt14"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "A student of the Egyptian style of Koran recitation, he gathers Koran reciters from Egypt, as well as from other Islamic countries, in his home every Ramadan. More important, his outlook has been heavily influenced by the writings of Sayyid Qutb, the Egyptian theoretician of the Muslim Brotherhood. Prior to the revolution, Khamenei translated three of Qutb’s books into Farsi. Despite these ideological affinities, political disagreements make a rapprochement unlikely. The Muslim Brotherhood considers itself the bastion of modern political Islam, and believes that it should assume a leadership role for all Islamist groups and states. For his part, Khamenei describes himself as the “leader of the Islamic world,” and calls Iran its “mother city” (Umm al Qora). Moreover, the Sunni-Shia divide could pose a major challenge for Egypt-Iran relations. The Muslim Brotherhood is working to strengthen ties with Sunni allies, such as Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and even Turkey, rather than with Iran’s Shia regime, which threatens Sunni regimes by exporting revolution and pitting Shia minorities against their governments. In fact, since Mubarak’s ouster, anti-Shia propaganda has gained traction in the Egyptian public sphere, with books alleging Shia corruption of Islam’s true meaning filling the shelves of Cairo’s bookstores. But this campaign largely reflects the growing influence of Egypt’s Sunni allies – particularly the Gulf monarchies, led by Saudi Arabia – rather than a genuine threat from Egypt’s small and quiescent Shia community.", "zh": "哈梅内伊曾专修埃及式古兰经朗诵，每个斋月都要在家中召集来自埃及和其他伊斯兰国家的古兰经朗诵人士。 尤为重要的是他的观点深受穆斯林兄弟会埃及理论家赛义德·库特卜著作的影响。 革命爆发前，哈梅内伊曾将三部库特卜的著作翻译成波斯语。 虽然在意识形态领域颇多相似之处，但政治分歧严重限制了和解的可能性。 穆斯林兄弟会自诩为现代政治伊斯兰的堡垒，并坚信将在所有伊斯兰团体和国家中发挥领导作用。 哈梅内伊自诩为“伊斯兰世界的领袖 ” ， 并将伊朗命名为“母亲城 ” （ Umm al Qora ） 。 此外，逊尼派和什叶派的分歧可能严重影响埃伊两国关系。 相比伊朗的什叶派政权，穆斯林兄弟会正努力加强与沙特阿拉伯、卡塔尔、甚至土耳其等逊尼派盟友的关系。 伊朗什叶派政权通过输出革命及鼓动什叶派少数民族对抗其各自政府而对逊尼派政权构成威胁。 事实上从穆巴拉克下台以后，埃及公共领域已经掀起一场反什叶派的宣传攻势，开罗书店的书架上随处可见指责什叶派败坏伊斯兰真正教义的书籍。 但这项运动大体上反映了埃及逊尼派盟友，特别是以沙特阿拉伯为首的海湾君主国的影响力增强 — — 而并非埃及沉默且为数不多的什叶派群体构成了什么真正的威胁。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "While his low resonant voice went on, desolate, with a feeling she could not understand, Scarlett clutched at words here and there, trying to make sense of them. But the words swooped from her hands like wild birds. Something was driving him, driving him with a cruel goad, but she did not understand what it was. “Scarlett, I don’t know just when it was that the bleak realization came over me that my own private shadow show was over. Perhaps in the first five minutes at Bull Run when I saw the first man I killed drop to the ground. But I knew it was over and I could no longer be a spectator. No, I suddenly found myself on the curtain, an actor, posturing and making futile gestures. My little inner world was gone, invaded by people whose thoughts were not my thoughts, whose actions were as alien as a Hottentot’s. They’d tramped through my world with slimy feet and there was no place left where I could take refuge when things became too bad to stand. When I was in prison, I thought: When the war is over, I can go back to the old life and the old dreams and watch the shadow show again. But, Scarlett, there’s no going back. And this which is facing all of us now is worse than war and worse than prison — and, to me, worse than death. . . . So, you see, Scarlett, I’m being punished for being afraid.” “But, Ashley,” she began, floundering in a quagmire of bewilderment, “if you’re afraid we’ll starve, why — why — Oh, Ashley, we’ll manage somehow! I know we will!”", "zh": "当他用深沉洪亮的声音，用一种令人难以理解的感情独自继续诉说时，思嘉间接抓住一些话，竭力想了解它们的真正意思。但是那些话像野鸟般从她手中噗地飞起了。看来是有某种东西在背后驱赶它，用一条残忍的鞭子驱赶它，但她不明白那究竟是什么。 “思嘉，我不知道究竟是什么时候我才孤独而绝望地明白我个人的那出影子戏已经完了。也许就是布尔溪战役爆发后五分钟。当看到我杀死的第一个人倒地的时候就结束了。但那时我明白事情已经结束，我再也不能当旁观者了。不，我突然发现自己到了影幕上，成了一个演员，在徒劳地摆姿势，我那小小的内心世界已经消失，被人们侵占去了，这些人的思想不是我的思想，他的行动也像野蛮人的行动那样与我根本不同。他们用污秽的脚到处蹂躏我的小天地，以致使情况坏到难以容忍时我也找不到一席躲避之地。我在监狱里时曾经这样想：战争结束后，我可以回到以前的生活和旧的梦想中去，并且再看看那影子戏，但是，思嘉，回去是不可能的。而当前我们大家面临的是比战争还要坏，比监狱还要坏——对我来说比死亡还要坏的局面……所以，你看，思嘉，我是由于害怕而在受惩罚呢。” “但是，艾希礼，”她开口说，就像在一片令人困惑的泥沼中挣扎，“如果你担心我们会挨饿，那么——那么——啊，艾希礼我们总是会想出办法的！我知道我们会的！”"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "p2p-data"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Moreover, although the European Commission clearly has a duty to prevent mismanagement and fraud, every application for EU funding requires extremely onerous procedures. Eliminating bureaucratic red tape, as the Commission has now pledged to do, would be a substantial boon to European researchers. Finally, Europe must place more emphasis on basic research. Of course, our scientists should respond to current problems in society. But if basic research is neglected, attempts to produce quick innovations through applied research will be futile. Basic research is the primary organism in the food chain of scientific endeavor.", "zh": "En outre, même si la Commission européenne a clairement le devoir de d’empêcher la mauvaise gestion et la fraude, il se trouve que chaque demande de financement de l’UE demande des procédures extrêmement onéreuses. L’élimination de la paperasserie, à laquelle la Commission s’est engagée, constituerait une véritable aubaine pour les chercheurs européens. Enfin, l’Europe doit insister davantage sur la recherche fondamentale. Certes, nos scientifiques doivent répondre aux problèmes de la société actuelle. Mais si l’on néglige la recherche fondamentale, les tentatives d’innovations rapides par la recherche appliquée s’avèreront improductives. La recherche fondamentale est l’organisme de base de la chaîne alimentaire de l’effort scientifique."}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "And others are no doubt aware that Italian governments tend to come and go rather frequently, and that the economy and society have rarely suffered undue disruptions as a result. In fact, international observers and Italians would all agree: Italy has enormous economic potential. But the challenge lies in unlocking it, which will require several things to happen. For starters, the Italian government needs to root out corruption and self-dealing, and demonstrate a much stronger commitment to the public interest. The populists are probably right about these problems. And they are probably right that a reassertion of greater sovereignty over the key flows of globalization is necessary to counter the centrifugal political, social, and technological forces sweeping across advanced countries. Moreover, Italy needs to develop the entrepreneurial ecosystems that underpin dynamism and innovation. As matters stand, the financial sector is too closed, and it provides too little funding and support for new ventures. There are major opportunities in e-commerce, mobile-payment systems, and social-media platforms to lower entry barriers and promote innovation. China, for its part, is rapidly advancing in these areas, creating significant opportunities for young people in the process. Of course, with any digital technology, there are justifiable concerns about data security, privacy, and bad actors bent on manipulating information to undermine social cohesion and democratic institutions. But these issues should not stand in the way of realizing digital technology’s tremendous potential as an engine of inclusive growth. Finally, it is worth noting that collaboration between government, business, and labor has played a key role in the countries that have adapted better to globalization and technology-induced structural change. To be sure, collaboration requires trust, and trust is established gradually over time. But without it, economic structures ossify, productivity lags, competitiveness suffers, and activity in tradable goods and services migrates elsewhere. At this stage, uncertainty about the future is inevitable. But unless a country is prepared to accept long-term stagnation, failing to adapt to the coming changes is not an option. With a clear mandate for change, Italy’s new government could implement a vigorous, pragmatic, long-term policy agenda to produce inclusive growth. Otherwise, the country’s great potential will continue to fall short of being fully realized.", "zh": "还有人确定意大利政府总是频繁“来回 ” ， 经济和社会因此很少遭到过分干扰。 事实上，国际观察家和意大利人都同意，意大利拥有巨大的经济潜力。 但挑战在于如何释放这一潜力，这要求几个条件。 首先，意大利政府需要根治腐败和假公济私，更加强烈地证明其致力于公共利益。 民粹主义者在这些问题上也许是对的。 他们还认为，对关键性的全球化流重新主张更大的主权是遏制席卷发达国家的政治、社会和技术离心力的必要条件，这一点也许也是对的。 此外，意大利需要发展创业生态系统，作为活力与创新的基础。 目前看来，金融业过于封闭，为新企业提供的资金和支持太少。 电子商务、移动支付系统和社交媒体平台都有很大机会降低进入壁垒、促进创新。 比如，中国正在这些领域迅速进步，在此过程中为年轻人创造了巨大的机会。 当然，对于任何一种数字技术，都会产生一些合理的担忧，如数据安全、隐私，以及坏行动方要操纵信息破坏社会凝聚力和国内制度等。 但这些问题不应该成为实现数字技术成为包容增长引擎的巨大潜力的障碍。 最后，值得指出的是，在更好地适应了全球化和技术推动的结构性变化的国家，政府、企业和劳工之间的合作起到了关键作用。 诚然，合作需要信任，而信任的建立需要时间。 但没有信任，经济结构就会僵化，生产率就会落后，竞争力就会丧失，可贸易商品和服务部门的活动就会转移到别国。 新阶段，关于未来的不确定性在所难免。 但除非一国准备好接受长期停滞，否则就不能不去适应即将到来的变化。 变化是意大利新政府的一个明确的使命，它可以实施有力、务实和长期的政策日程来创造包容增长。 否则，意大利的巨大潜力就会一直无法充分实现。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "\"It was a c-cat hair!\" she howled. \"M-Millicent Bulstrode m-must have a cat! And the p-potion isn't supposed to be used for animal transformations!\"\"Uh-oh,\" said Ron.\"You'll be teased something dreadful,\" said Myrtle happily\"It's okay, Hermione,\" said Harry quickly. \"We'll take you up to the hospital wing. Madam Pomfrey never asks too many questions ......It took a long time to persuade Hermione to leave the bathroom. Moaning Myrtle sped them on their way with a hearty guffaw. \"Wait till everyone finds out you've got a tail!\"Hermione remained in the hospital wing for several weeks. There was a flurry of rumor about her disappearance when the rest of the school arrived back from their Christmas holidays, because of course everyone thought that she had been attacked. So many students filed past the hospital wing trying to catch a glimpse of her that Madam Pomfrey took out her curtains again and placed them around Hermione's bed, to spare her the shame of being seen with a furry face.", "zh": "“那是一根猫毛!”她凄厉地哭喊着。“米一米里森一定养了一只猫!可这服汤一汤剂不是用来搞动物变形的啊!”“真倒霉，”罗恩说。“你会被取笑个没完的。”桃金娘开心地说。“没关系，赫敏，”哈利赶紧说道，“我们送你去医院。庞弗雷夫人从来不多问..”他们花了好长时间，才劝说赫敏离开了盥洗室。哭泣的桃金娘兴高采烈地粗声大笑，使得他们更加快了脚步。“等着吧，大家都会发现你长了一条尾巴!，， ”赫敏在医院病房里住了几个星期。别的同学过完圣诞节回到学校后，对她的失踪议论纷纷，大家都理所当然地以为她遭到了攻击。所以，学生们排着队走过医院病房，想看她一眼。庞弗雷夫人不得不再次取出她的布帘子，挂在赫敏的病床周围，不让别人看见她毛茸茸的脸，免得她感到羞愧难当。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "BiPaR"}
{"src_lang": "zh", "tgt_lang": "en", "translation": {"zh": "那名技术员就向外围维修班打招呼．班里的一名战士在一根铁柱上系好绳索就顺着崖壁下去了．在下面折脯了半个多小时．满头大汗地上来．说找不到故障。这次监听作业眼看就要受到影响．只好上报基地指挥部。我就在悬崖顶上那个系绳索的较柱旁等着，事情果然如我预料，雷志成跟着那名战士来了。应该说．雷志成是一名很敬业的政工干部，忠实地按照那时对他们的要求去做：与群众打一片，时时站在第一线，也许是为了做姿态．但他的确做得很好．基地极难险重的工作中都少不了他的身影，而以往他干得最多的，就是抢修接地线这个即危险又累的活.这工作虽然没有多高的技术含量，但需要经验，因为故障可能足因接地线暴露露天产生的难以察觉的接触不良，也可能是因为接地电极埋设处因干燥等原因导致的导电性差，现在负责外围维修的这批志愿兵刚刚调换过，都没有经验，所以我估计他多半要来。", "en": "The technician on duty informed the maintenance squad of the issue. One of the soldiers in the squad tied a rope to an iron post and then rappelled down the cliff After half an hour down below, he climbed back up, soaked in sweat, saying that he couldn't find the malfunction. It seemed that the next monitoring session would have to be delayed. There was no choice but to inform the Base Command Center. I waited by the iron post at the top of the cliff. Very soon, just as I had planned, Lei Zhicheng came back with that soldier.To be honest, Lei was very dedicated to his job and faithfully followed the demands placed on political officers during that era: Become a part of the masses and always be on the front line. Maybe it was all for show, but he really was a good performer.Whenever there was some difficult and perilous work at the base, he was sure to volunteer. One of the tasks that he performed more than anyone else was to repair the ground wire, a task both dangerous and tiring. Even though this job wasn't particularly demanding technically, it did benefit from experience. There were many causes of malfunction: a loose contact due to exposure to open air—difficult to detect—or possibly the location where the ground wire went into the cliff was too dry. The volunteer soldiers responsible for external maintenance were all new, and none had much experience. So I had guessed that Lei would most likely show up."}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "BiPaR"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "So, if the market prices the big and small banks’ long-term debt similarly, even though the big banks’ debt is riskier, something must be giving the big banks’ riskier debt a boost. US regulators are strongly hinting that they will allow long-term debt to default in a bank failure, while affirming that they will find a way to bail out short-term debt. If financial markets view them as likely to follow through, the too-big-to-fail boost may apply more to the big bank’s short-term debt than to any banks’ long-term debt. And is it right to say that the amount involved – one-third of one percentage point in annual interest savings on long-term debt – is small? Big banks use so much debt nowadays and so much less equity – the ratio is typically ten to one – that a small financing advantage amounts to a large fraction of a bank’s profit. Depending on how much long-term debt a bank uses, a financing advantage of one-third of a percentage point can readily amount to 10% or more of its annual profit. That is not small change by anyone’s definition. Finally, if we focus on the too-big-to-fail subsidy at any particular time, we miss too much. As the economy improves, failure is less likely. The banks may remain too big to fail, but, with their chance of failing lower in a more buoyant economy, the immediate subsidy declines. And the largest cost of major bank failures is not the subsidy, or the cost of a bailout. It stems from the economic havoc caused by too many financial institutions weakening and unexpectedly failing simultaneously, cutting back on lending, and degrading economic activity overall. Mass financial failure is costly, even if no one, big or small, is bailed out.", "zh": "因此，如果市场将大银行和小银行的长期债务价格定在相似水平上（尽管大银行债务风险更大 ） ， 那么必须要有某种东西极大地提振一下大银行的高风险债务。 美国监管者强烈暗示，他们将允许长期债务随银行倒闭而违约，同时又保证他们会找到方法援助短期债务。 如果金融市场认为他们会将此贯彻到底，那么太大而不能倒提振将更多低用于大银行的短期债务，而不会用于任何银行的长期债务。 那么，说所涉数目很小 — — 长期债务每年能节省三分之一个百分点的利息 — — 是正确的吗？ 现如今，大银行有太多的债务，太少的股本 — — 比率通常高达十比一 — — 以至于微小的融资优势转化成银行利润的很大一部分。 根据银行使用长期债务的不同，三分之一个百分点的融资优势可以意味着年利润10%甚至以上的差距。 最后，如果我们在任何特定时期只专注太大而不能倒补贴，就会忽略很多东西。 随着经济的改善，倒闭可能性在降低。 银行可能仍然太大而不能倒，但是，由于经济强劲让它们的倒闭机会更少了，直接补贴数量也会香江。 而大银行倒闭的最大成本并不是补贴，而是援助成本。 援助成本来自太多金融机构疲软和同时意外倒闭、削减贷款以及总体经济活动退化带来的经济混乱。 大规模金融倒闭成本很高，即便不救助任何一家（不管大小）也是如此。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "To be sure, Suu Kyi’s government resents the idealistic but partisan statements often issued by Western leaders and UN representatives. Rohingya extremists have long-established links with foreign jihadists, including those of the Islamic State. Complicating the military’s position, ARSA is, according to the International Crisis Group, commanded by Saudi-based insurgents with extensive experience in guerrilla warfare. Few Westerners grasp the challenges faced by decision-makers in developing countries confronting extremism from insurgents and terrorists. It is precisely these concerns that have made it difficult for Myanmar to break the cycle of violence. Bangladesh and India have refused to resettle Rohingya refugees permanently, largely because they fear that jihadists could be among them. Indian intelligence agencies have linked ARSA to the Pakistani jihadist group Lashkar-e-Taiba. Similarly, China’s government has supported Myanmar’s efforts to protect its national security. As part of its Belt and Road Initiative, China is investing $7.3 billion in a port project in Rakhine, which may lead China to block any attempt in the UN Security Council to censure Myanmar for its actions. This tangled web of interests, coupled with the government’s failure, means that responsibility for protecting all of Myanmar’s people now falls to ASEAN or the UN. Once hostilities cease, the second step toward ensuring long-term peace will be the repatriation of refugees, which could prove to be a logistical nightmare. According to UN figures, at the end of September some 700,000 Rohingya refugees had crossed into Bangladesh, with more than half arriving since late August.", "zh": "可以肯定，素季政府不满于西方领袖和联合国代表经常发表的理想主义但却明显具有偏袒意味的声明。 罗兴亚极端分子早就与外国圣战者（其中也包括伊斯兰国恐怖分子）之间建立了千丝万缕的联系。 根据国际危机组织的说法，阿拉贡罗兴亚救世军由具有丰富游击战争经验的沙特叛乱分子所指挥的现状进一步恶化了军方的态度。 没有多少西方人能真正了解发展中国家决策者在应对叛乱和恐怖分子的极端主义挑战时所需要面对的难题。 缅甸很难打破暴力循环，恰恰是因为存在这些忧虑。 孟加拉和印度已经拒绝接纳罗兴亚难民永久定居，主要是因为这两个国家担心难民中可能混入了圣战分子。 印度情报机构将阿拉贡罗兴亚救世军与巴基斯坦圣战组织虔诚军联系在一起。 同样，中国政府一直支持缅甸维护国家安全的努力。 中国的一带一路计划正在若开邦投资建设一个73亿美元的港口项目，中国可能因此在联合国安理会上阻止任何谴责缅甸政府行为的企图。 这样一张混乱的利益网再加上政府的应对失策，意味着保护所有缅甸民众的责任如今落在了东盟和联合国身上。 一旦敌对行动停止，难民遣返将是确保长期和平的第二步，而事实很可能证明遣返难民将成为一场后勤保障方面的噩梦。 按照联合国统计数据，截至9月底已经有约70万名罗兴亚难民越境进入到孟加拉境内，其中仅8月下旬抵达的难民就超过半数。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Proctor appealed, and the USPTO issues its final rejection of the patent in April 2005. But that was not the end of the Enola bean issue. Proctor requested that the patent examination be continued, submitting additional patent claims and even changing his lawyers several times (allowing more bureaucratic delay). In total, the patent was rejected and appealed four times within a decade, until the US Court of Appeals rejected it for the fifth time this summer. For more than a decade, a single patent owner disrupted the bean market in the US and Mexico. Importers stopped importing not only the yellow bean, but also other Mexican beans, fearing lawsuits. Although the patent was eventually rescinded, the Enola case shows how the intellectual property system facilitates the monopolization of public and collective resources, favoring those who can pay expensive lawyers’ fees. The Enola patent was wrong from the outset, yet it remained enforceable for half its life, despite the active efforts of international institutions, governments, and civil-society organizations. It may be tempting to dismiss the Enola patent as an aberration, but there are hundreds of examples of such biopiracy. Mexican beans, South Asian basmati rice, Bolivian quinoa, Amazonian ayahuasca, Indian chickpeas, Peruvian nuña beans, Andean maca – all have been subject to predatory intellectual property claims.", "zh": "Proctor就此提出上诉，而美国专利商标局于2005年4月发布终审取消公告。 但Enola黄豆纠纷并未就此结束。 Proctor要求继续对专利进行审核，提交其他几项专利申请甚至几次更换律师（目的就是争取将诉讼时间拖得更长 ） 。 这项专利在10年时间里被起诉并否决四次，直至今年夏天美国上诉法院颁布第五次否决公告。 十多年来，一个专利所有者破坏了美国和墨西哥的大豆市场。 因为害怕惹上官司，进口商停止黄豆和其他墨西哥豆类的进口。 虽然这项专利最终被撤销，但Enola案件证明知识产权体系是如何催生对公共和集体资源的垄断，为有能力支付昂贵律���费用的人带来好处。 Enola专利从一开始就是个错误，但尽管国际机构、政府和民间组织付出积极的努力，但这项专利在其近半的寿命时间内却始终有效。 也许人们更愿意将Enola专利事件作为一种错误，但同样的生物剽窃事例还有数百个。 墨西哥黄豆、南亚香米、玻利维亚昆诺阿藜、亚马逊卡皮木、印度鹰嘴豆、秘鲁努纳豆、安第斯玛卡 — — 都曾经经历过掠夺性的知识产权诉求。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "America’s Crony Capitalism Buenos Aires – For 20 years, Americans have denounced the “crony capitalism” of Third World countries, especially in Asia. But, just as those regions have been improving their public and corporate governance – Hong Kong just witnessed a breakthrough court decision against a telecom tycoon who is the son of the province’s richest and most powerful man – crony capitalism is taking root in the United States, a country that the world long considered the gold standard of a level playing field in business. The recently completed “stress tests” of US banks are but the latest indication that crony capitalists have now captured Washington, DC. It is no surprise that stock markets liked the results of the stress tests that US Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner administered to America’s big banks, for the general outcome had been leaked weeks before. Indeed, most professional investors trashed the tests as dishonest even as their holdings benefited from a rising market. Even The Wall Street Journal, usually financial markets’ loudest cheerleader, openly disparaged the tests’ integrity. The government had allowed bankers to “negotiate” the results, like a student taking a final examination and then negotiating her grade.", "zh": "美国的裙带资本主义 布宜诺斯艾利斯－20年来，美国一直在公开抨击第三世界国家，特别是亚洲国家的“裙带资本主义 ” 。 然而，就在这些受到美国抨击的地区一直在改善其政府和公司治理的时候 — — 香港法院刚刚作出了一个对当地电信巨头不利的具有突破性的判决，该电信巨头是香港地区最富有和最有权势的人的儿子 — — 裙带资本主义却在美国这样一个长期以来被世界看作是公平商业竞争环境卓越典范的国家，生根发芽了。 美国财政部最近完成的银行 “压力测试 ” ， 只是裙带资本主义占领华盛顿特区的一个最新标志而已。 美国财政部长蒂莫西·盖特纳（Timothy Geithner）对美国大银行进行了压力测试，而在测试结果正式公布的几个星期之前，其大致结果就被泄露了，这就难怪股票市场会欢迎压力测试的结果了。 事实上，许多专业投资者即使因为持有股票而从股市的上涨中获益，也仍然认为压力测试是不诚实的。 就连通常是金融市场声音最响亮的拉拉队长的《华尔街日报 》 ， 也公开怀疑测试的诚实性，因为美国政府允许银行家就压力测试的结果进行“谈判 ” ， 这就像是一个学生参加期末考试后和老师谈判其成绩一样。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Moreover, Uruguay’s president, Tabaré Vázquez won his office five years ago in the first round and, by uniting the posts of head of state and party leader, was able to forge a strong presidential leadership and popularity. As a result, during the cycle of economic prosperity that lasted until 2008, with rising commodity prices and internal dynamism, the Vázquez government insured macroeconomic stability, fiscal balance, and an open market, encouraging competitiveness as well as domestic and foreign private investment. Despite this economic orthodoxy, Vázquez’s government also pursued important policy innovations: protection of human rights was improved; tax reform, including introduction of a general, progressive income tax was undertaken and a more inclusive health system was created. In addition, the government forged policies for the poor with non-contributory income transfers and family allowances, which benefited minors and female who are heads of household. Public education was boosted by bigger expenditure and a “one laptop per child” program. A labor policy favorable to workers and unions revived Wage Councils for setting pay. Vázquez’s term ends in March 2010. He cannot run again and the looming presidential election promises to be close. Indeed, despite the government’s successes, there could be a change, as the Partido Nacional of the center-right bloc is now running neck-and-neck with the FA.", "zh": "另外，在五年前的第一轮竞选中就获胜的乌拉圭总统塔瓦雷·巴斯克斯由于身兼国家元首和党魁的双重职位，就能够打造强大的总统领导力和声望。 其结果是在上一轮一直持续到2008年的经济繁荣中，凭借不断上涨的商品价格和内部活力，巴斯克斯政府确保了宏观经济稳定、财政平衡和一个开放的市场，鼓励了竞争和国内外的私人投资。 尽管在经济上循规蹈矩，巴斯克斯政府还是实施了一些重要的政策创新：人权保护状况改善；引入并实施了包括一种普遍、递进税制的税务改革并创建了一个更具包容性的医疗体系。 另外，政府还通过非分摊收入转移支付和家庭补贴为贫困人口制定了相关政策，使未成年人和女性一家之主从中受益。 更多地投入和“每童一机（笔记本电脑 ） ” 项目促进了公共教育的发展。 有利于工人和工会的劳工政策也使“工资委员会”重新获得了制定薪酬的权力。 巴斯克斯的任期将在2010年三月结束。 他不能竞选连任而即将到来的大选将会是势均力敌的。 的确，尽管这届政府政绩赫赫，形势仍可能有变。 因为属于中偏左阵营的国家党现在正与FA并驾齐驱。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Of course, the traditional center-right and center-left parties – which have lost a large share of the electorate over the last five years, particularly in Spain, Italy, France, and, to a lesser extent, Germany – will try to regain their own footing. The problem is that these parties seem outdated to many younger voters, regardless of their leaders’ age. If they are to succeed, they will need to provide an inspiring new platform that convincingly addresses the issues of the today – all while contending with new political forces. It is possible, however, that new political forces will in some cases absorb traditional center-right and center-left parties. In France, for example, Macron’s party could absorb the center-right Les Republicains, or it could shift further to the left, with a social solidarity program to accompany the liberal market measures it has already taken. The question is whether the party’s leaders think they can secure a simultaneous victory against Les Republicains and the center-left Socialists. Although the details remain unclear, a thorough restructuring of the European political scene – shaped largely by attitudes toward Europe – seems certain. If the European Parliament election next year helps to advance this restructuring, this may end up constituting a large step forward for democracy in Europe.", "zh": "当然，过去五年中在西班牙，意大利，法国以及（在较小程度上）德国失去了大批选民的传统中右翼和中左翼党派将重新重试站稳脚跟。 问题在于，无论领导人的年龄大小，这些政党对许多年轻选民来说都显得过时了。 如果它们还想赢得选举，就需要构筑一个鼓舞人心的新平台去令人信服地应对当前的问题 — — 同时还要与新的政治力量进行抗衡。 然而，新的政治势力有时也会吸收传统的中右派和中左派。 例如，在法国，马克龙的政党可以吸收中右翼的法国共和党（Les Republicains ） ， 或者进一步向左翼移动，借助一个社会团结计划来配合其已经采取的自由市场措施。 问题在于该党的领导人是否认为他们可以同时取得对共和党和中左派社会主义者的胜利。 虽然细节仍未明朗，但一场对欧洲政治现状的彻底重组 — — 这在很大程度上是由人们对欧洲的态度所决定的 — — 似乎是板上钉钉的事情。 如果明年的欧洲议会选举有助于推动这一重组，这可能最终成为向欧洲民主迈出的一大步。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Has Neo-Liberalism Failed Mexico? Six years ago, I was ready to conclude that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was a major success. The key argument in favor of NAFTA had been that it was the most promising road the United States could take to raise the chances for Mexico to become democratic and prosperous, and that the US had both a strong selfish interest and a strong neighborly duty to try to help Mexico develop. Since NAFTA, Mexican real GDP has grown at 3.6% per year, and exports have boomed, going from 10% of GDP in 1990 and 17% of GDP in 1999 to 28% of GDP today. Next year, Mexico’s real exports will be five times what they were in 1990. It is here – in the rapid development of export industries and the dramatic rise in export volumes – that NAFTA made the difference. NAFTA guarantees Mexican producers tariff and quota-free access to the US market, the largest consumer market in the world. Without this guarantee, fewer would have invested in the capacity to satisfy the US market.", "zh": "新自由主义败给了墨西哥？ / 新自由主义兵败墨西哥？ 如果是在六年前，我定会告诉你说北美自由贸易协定确实是一大成功之作。 对北美自由贸易协定持支持态度的一方之所以看好其前景，主要是认为美国可以借此大大增进墨西哥的民主和繁荣，无论是出于其自身利益还是作为墨西哥的邻国而言，美国都应该并且有责任对其发展施以助力。 自协定签订以来，墨西哥的实际国内生产总值已达到了3.6％的年增长水平，随着出口贸易的日渐兴盛，其国内生产总值也随之持续增长，从1990年的10 ％ ， 增加至1999年的17 ％ ， 一直到现在的28 ％ 。 预计到明年，墨西哥的实际出口量将达到其1990年的五倍水平。 正因它如此神奇的造就了出口业的飞速发展和出口量的成倍增长，北美自由贸易协定才堪称是一大成功。 该协定有效的保障了墨西哥生产商不受关税和配额限制自由进入美国这一全球最大的消费者市场。 如果不是因为这一协定，可能如今也就不会有那么多墨西哥商人为了进军美国市场而追加资本，扩充实力。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Now, there's a really good reason why I don't allow pundits on my show:  Because they're really boring. If they're conservative, they're going to hate Obama and food stamps and abortion. If they're liberal, they're going to hate  big banks and oil corporations and Dick Cheney. Totally predictable. And you don't want to be like that. You need to enter every conversation assuming that you have something to learn. The famed therapist M. Scott Peck said  that true listening requires a setting aside of oneself. And sometimes that means setting aside your personal opinion. He said that sensing this acceptance,  the speaker will become less and less vulnerable  and more and more likely to open up the inner recesses  of his or her mind to the listener. Again, assume that you have something to learn. Bill Nye: \"Everyone you will ever meet knows something that you don't.\" I put it this way:  Everybody is an expert in something. Number three: Use open-ended questions. In this case, take a cue from journalists. Start your questions with who, what, when, where, why or how. If you put in a complicated question, you're going to get a simple answer out. If I ask you, \"Were you terrified?\"", "zh": "有个很好的理由来说明 我的谈话里为什么不允许有“专家说教”： 因为真的很无聊。 如果对方是个保守派， 那一定讨厌奥巴马、食品券和堕胎。 如果对方是个自由派， 那一定会讨厌 大银行、石油公司和迪克·切尼。 完全可以预测的。 你肯定不希望那样。 你需要在进入每一次交流时 都假定自己可以学习到一些东西。 著名的治疗师 M.斯科特·派克说过， 真正的倾听需要把自己放在一边。 有时候，这意味着 把你的个人观点放在一边。 他说感受到这种接纳， 说话的人会变得越来越不脆弱敏感， 因而越来越有可能 打开自己的内心世界， 呈现给倾听者。 再强调一遍， 假定你需要学习新东西。 比尔·奈伊说：“每一个你将要 见到的人都有你不知道的东西。” 我来复述一下： 每个人都是某方面的专家。 第三点：使用开放式问题。 关于这一点， 请参考记者采访的提问方式。 以“谁”、“什么”、“何时”、“何地”、 “为什么”或“如何”开始提问。 如果你询问一个复杂的问题 将会得到一个简单的回答。 如果我问你：“你当时恐惧吗？”"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "iwslt17"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Most infrastructure investment requires public-sector leadership to forge partnerships with the private sector. Typically, the public sector must enter into contractual agreements with private firms not only to build the infrastructure, but also to operate it as a regulated monopoly or on a concession basis. Governments generally lack the needed technical capacity to design such projects, opening up possibilities of favoritism and corruption when major contracts are awarded. Such charges are likely to be hurled at governments even when they are not true, though all too often they are. Still, the backlog of such projects is now wreaking havoc with the world economy. The world’s major cities are clogged with traffic jams and pollution. The atmosphere is filling with greenhouse gases from heavy use of fossil fuels. Water scarcity is hitting virtually every major economic center, from North America to Europe, Africa, India, and China. Governments should thus strengthen their ministries of infrastructure (including power, roads, water and sanitation, and information and communication technologies), as well as their national development banks, so that they can properly design long-term infrastructure projects and programs. The ability to offset the crisis in a constructive manner through expanded public-private partnerships will determine the subsequent success of countries and regions. Interestingly, the US is about to create a National Infrastructure Bank for the first time. Nevertheless, American and European economic advisers generally believe that a short sharp stimulus will be enough to restore economic growth. This is wrong. What will be needed is an overhaul of the world economy towards sustainability. Moreover, policymakers in the rich world believe that they can continue to neglect the developing world, or leave it to its fate in global markets. This is also a recipe for global failure, and even future conflict. Developed countries will have to do far more to help poor countries through the transition to sustainability.", "zh": "多数的基建投资都需要国家公有部门做为领导力量，来与私有企业形成合作关系。 一般而言，国家公有部门必须与私有企业签署合同协议，不仅要建造基础设施，而且要以受管制的垄断企业进行运营或对私有企业给予让步。 通常情况下，政府不具有所需要的技术力量来设计这些基建项目，以及在主要协议得到收益时无法揭露出可能出现徇私与腐败的地方。 尽管这种指控经常是真实的，但它在不属实的情况下可能会指向政府。 这些基建项目的积压现在仍对世界经济造成非常严重的危害。 世界主要城市出现交通堵塞与污染问题，城市的气候充满了大量使用生物燃料而产生的温室气体。 水资源的缺乏问题几乎困扰着每个主要的经济中心，且范围涉及颇广，从北美到欧洲、非洲、印度以及中国。 就此，各国政府应该加强国家的各个基础建设部门（包括电力、道路、用水与卫生设施，以及信息与通信科技 ） ， 同样需要提升国家各个发展银行的能力，这样才能正确地设计出长期的基建项目与实施方案。 通过加大公私在基建方面的合作来抵消危机的能力将决定今后国家与地区在经济危机中的成败。 颇为有趣的是，美国即将平生第一次建立起起家国家基建银行（来对国家基建项目推波助澜 ） 。 然而，美国与欧洲的经济顾问通常都相信，一个为期短而有力的刺激方案就能足以恢复经济增长。 这种观点是错误的。 真正所需要的是进行一场大的革新，以让世界经济朝着可持续发展的路上前进。 此外，富裕国家的决策人相信，他们能继续忽略发展中的国家，或者让这些国家在全球市场上自己打拼。 这种处理方式最终导致的仍是全球市场的萧条，甚至会导致未来的市场冲突。 发达国家需要通过向可持续发展的过渡来更多地帮助贫穷国家。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "We now know that was a trap. Putin’s invasion of Ukraine costs about €1 billion ($980 million) per day to run, which is roughly what Russia receives from selling fossil fuels to Europe. As individual citizens, Europeans have opened their hearts and homes to Ukrainian refugees. As consumers and producers, however, they continue to send Putin the hard currency he needs to keep those refugees from their homes and to crash Iranian suicide drones into the living rooms of those who remain in Ukraine. Hard currency is needed to buy military-related supplies from China (including for missiles) and a range of armaments from North Korea. Euros are also needed to prevent the ruble from collapsing. The hundreds of thousands of military-age men now fleeing Russia are undoubtedly taking their life savings with them – converting from rubles into a foreign currency of some kind. With its foreign-exchange reserves frozen, Russia’s central bank needs the daily flow of euros from European energy sales. And now the Russians are suspected of having brazenly attacked the Nord Stream gas pipelines. The goal was not to disrupt gas flows – they don’t need sabotage to do that, and the pipelines were not carrying much gas for sale. Rather, Putin is testing the limits of what his regime can get away with. What if an oil refinery catches fire? What if there is an “accident” at a nuclear power plant? Putin wants to know how European leaders will respond – reckoning that they will most likely do nothing for fear of more direct military conflict with Russia.", "zh": "我们现在知道那是一个陷阱。 普京入侵乌克兰每天的运营成本约为 10 亿欧元（9.8 亿美元 ） ， 这与俄罗斯向欧洲出售化石燃料所获得的收益大致相同。 作为个体公民，欧洲人向乌克兰难民敞开心扉和家园。 然而，作为消费者和生产者，他们继续向普京提供他需要的硬通货，让这些难民远离家园，让伊朗的自杀式无人机坠入留在乌克兰的人的客厅。 从中国购买与军事有关的物资（包括导弹）和从朝鲜购买各种武器需要硬通货。 还需要欧元来防止卢布崩盘。 现在逃离俄罗斯的数十万军龄男子无疑带着他们毕生的积蓄 — — 从卢布兑换成的某种外币。 由于外汇储备被冻结，俄罗斯央行需要每天从欧洲能源销售中获得欧元。 而现在，俄罗斯人被怀疑无耻地袭击了北溪天然气管道。 目标不是破坏天然气流动 — — 他们不需要通过破坏来做到这一点，而且这些管道也没有输送太多待售的天然气。 相反，普京正在测试他的政权肆意妄为的极限。 如果炼油厂着火了怎么办？ 如果核电站发生“事故”怎么办？ 普京想知道欧洲领导人将如何应对 — — 估计他们很可能因为害怕与俄罗斯发生更直接的军事冲突而无动于衷。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "She leaned her head against one of the uprights of the porch and prepared to cry but no tears came. This was a calamity too deep for tears. Her body shook. There still reverberated in her mind the crashes of the two impregnable citadels of her life, thundering to dust about her ears. She stood for a while, trying to summon up her old charm: “I’ll think of all this tomorrow when I can stand it better.” But the charm had lost its potency. She had to think of two things, now — Melanie and how much she loved and needed her; Ashley and the obstinate blindness that had made her refuse to see him as he really was. And she knew that thoughts of them would hurt just as much tomorrow and all the tomorrows of her life. “I can’t go back in there and talk to them now,” she thought. “I can’t face Ashley tonight and comfort him. Not tonight! Tomorrow morning I’ll come early and do the things I must do, say the comforting things I must say. But not tonight. I can’t. I’m going home.”", "zh": "她将头靠在一根廊柱上，真想痛哭一场，但是没有眼泪。这场灾难实在太深重了，已经不是眼泪所能表现的了。她的身子在颤抖。她生活中两个坚不可破的堡垒崩溃的声音仍在她心中回响，好像在她耳旁轰隆一声坍塌了。她站了一会，想试试她一贯使用的那个决窍：“所有这些，等到明天我比较能经受得住时再去想吧。”可是这个决窍失灵了。现在她有两件事是必须想的：一是媚兰，她多么爱她和需要她；二是艾希礼，以及她自己拒不从实质上去看他的那种盲目的顽固态度。她知道，想到这两件事时，无论是明天或她一生中哪一个明天，都会一样是痛苦的。 “我现在无法回到屋里去同他们谈话，”她想。“今晚我也无法面对艾希礼安慰他了。今晚决不行！明天早晨我将一早就过来做那些必须做的事，说那些不得不说的安慰话。但是今天晚上不行。我没有办法。我得回家了。”"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "p2p-data"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "The Palin Charade New York – The selection of Sarah Palin as John McCain’s running mate hit the United States like an electric storm. To her legions of lipstick-waving fans on the right, Palin is a down-to-earth, God-fearing “hockey mom” whose moose hunting, evangelical faith, and even chaotic family life are all evidence that she is a real, typical American. To her equally frantic detractors on the left – and increasingly in the center – she is a frightening harbinger of a theocratic America, a mafia-style executrix of state business who lies about the connection of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks to Iraq, mocks Barack Obama for his opposition to torturing prisoners, and defies subpoenas. Think of her as George W. Bush II, but in designer pumps. Both groups are reacting to genuine evidence. Her supporters are responding to a potent set of symbols, and her detractors to an even more potent set of facts. Palin’s symbolic appeal to a certain group of female voters is important to understand, and we must respect the rage and hunger that it reflects. The subtext of that appeal is class. Working-class white women in America have had their talents exploited and undervalued for as long as the nation has functioned.", "zh": "佩林之谜 纽约-佩林被选为麦凯恩的竞选搭档就像一场电子风暴席卷了美国。 对于她那些挥舞着口红的拥趸们来说，佩林是一个朴实、虔诚的“冰球母亲 ” ， 她喜欢捕猎美洲驼鹿、信仰福音教义以及甚至有些混乱的家庭生活，都显示她是一个真实的并且典型的美国人。 反过来，对于她那些同样激烈并且其人数越来越庞大的诋毁者而言，她令人恐惧地预示了一个神权政治的美国、一个将像黑手党一样处理国家事务的执行者，他们对9/11恐怖袭击与伊拉克的联系问题上撒谎、嘲笑奥巴马反对对犯人使用酷刑，另外还藐视传票。 我们可以把她想象成是女子版的布什。 两大阵营的反应都来自确凿的证据。 她的支持者看到了是一组非常有说服力的符号，而她的诋毁者看到的则是一组更有说服力的事实。 佩林对于许多女性选民而言所象征的主张是非常值得我们去认识的，并且我们必须重视它所反映的愤怒和渴望。 这种主张的潜台词就是阶级。 美国的工人阶级白人女性的才能自从这个国家成立以来就一直受到了剥削和低估。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Japan’s Nuclear Morality Tale NEW DELHI – The troubles of the Fukushima nuclear-power plant – and other reactors – in northeast Japan have dealt a severe blow to the global nuclear industry, a powerful cartel of less than a dozen major state-owned or state-guided firms that have been trumpeting a nuclear-power renaissance. But the risks that seaside reactors like Fukushima face from natural disasters are well known. Indeed, they became evident six years ago, when the Indian Ocean tsunami in December 2004 inundated India’s second-largest nuclear complex, shutting down the Madras power station. Many nuclear-power plants are located along coastlines, because they are highly water-intensive. Yet natural disasters like storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis are becoming more common, owing to climate change, which will also cause a rise in ocean levels, making seaside reactors even more vulnerable. For example, many nuclear-power plants located along the British coast are just a few meters above sea level. In 1992, Hurricane Andrew caused significant damage at the Turkey Point nuclear-power plant on Biscayne Bay, Florida, but, fortunately, not to any critical systems. All energy generators, including coal- and gas-fired plants, make major demands on water resources. But nuclear power requires even more. Light-water reactors (LWRs) like those at Fukushima, which use water as a primary coolant, produce most of the world’s nuclear power. The huge quantities of local water that LWRs consume for their operations become hot-water outflows, which are pumped back into rivers, lakes, and oceans.", "zh": "日本的核寓言 发自新德里 — — 位于日本东北部的福岛核电站（及其它反应堆）所碰到的麻烦对全球核工业来说如同当头一棒，一时间这个圈子很小（成员仅限于几个国营或国家管制的大企业）但却势力甚大的垄断行业集团收起了以往那套鼓吹核能复兴的说辞，变得噤若寒蝉了。 人们对于福岛这类沿海反应堆的潜在自然危害早已不陌生，就在6年前的2004年11月，印度第二大核电集群就遭到了印度洋海啸的直接冲击，直接导致马德拉斯核电站被迫关闭。 而由于运作中需要消耗大量的水，许多核电站都选址在海边。 但与此同时风暴，台风和海啸这类自然灾害却在全球气候变化的作用下日渐频繁，气候变化同时还导致海平面上升，使这些沿海反应堆更加暴露于危险之中。 英国许多沿海核电站的选址位置仅仅高于海平面几米。 而在1992年，台风安德鲁对位于美国佛罗里达州比斯坎湾的土尔其角核电站造成了重大破坏，所幸各关键设施都安然无恙。 所有能源发电装置，包括煤和燃气发电机组都是用水大户，但核电站的需求尤其巨大。 像福岛这样使用水作冷却剂的轻水式反应堆又占了全球核年发电量的大部分，而它们消耗的大量当地水资源最终会变成热水并再度被排放回河流，湖泊和海洋。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "When Does Inflation Stop? NEW HAVEN – Until a few years ago, major economies were struggling to achieve even mild inflation, with policymakers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the eurozone struggling to meet their targets of 2% annual price growth. But with the arrival and persistence of COVID-19, the world changed dramatically. Two years later, everyone is worried about soaring inflation and how it can be contained. The rates of consumer price inflation have varied across countries, reflecting their economic conditions and people’s expectations of future inflation. At the end of 2021, the US annual inflation rate was 4.7%, compared to 4.8% in the UK and 5% in the eurozone. A common feature is that inflation rates appear to be accelerating. Hence, after experiencing negative rates of inflation for much of the year, Japan’s month-to-month inflation rate in December 2021 had risen to 0.8%. Why did inflation emerge during the pandemic, and under what conditions will it level out or even disappear? In general, inflation starts when demand for goods or services exceeds their supply. Demand-pull inflation typically occurs when demand is boosted by expansionary monetary or fiscal policies. In a simple demand-supply diagram, the downward sloping demand curve shifts up and to the right, and the equilibrium price and quantity both rise. Similarly, cost-push inflation occurs when the upward-sloping cost curve shifts upward, such as when the prices of energy and raw materials rise. In this scenario, the price level typically will increase, and the quantity traded will decrease. But in the case of COVID-19, there was a different mechanism at work. Inflation was generated by the difficulty of matching demand and supply in the marketplace. Consider a retail market. During the worst period of the pandemic, many people could not (or were reluctant to) go to stores. The virus obstructed many trading opportunities, not only in retail but also in air travel, restaurants, entertainment, and many other sectors. In the standard supply-demand diagram, the demand curve and the supply curve both stayed the same as in the pre-pandemic era. People still wanted to travel, and the airline industry still wanted to serve customers if it could do so without endangering them or flight personnel. But in the absence of possibilities to match supply and demand safely, trading opportunities were lost.", "zh": "通胀何时休？ 发自纽黑文 — — 没几年前，各大经济体还在想方设法实现通胀（哪怕是温和的也好 ） ， 美国、英国和欧元区政策制定者都在为每年2%的价格增长目标苦苦打拼。 但随着新冠疫情的降临和持续存在，世界发生了巨变。 两年后的今天所有人都在忧心通胀飙升，找寻控制对策。 各国的消费者价格通胀率各不相同，体现了它们各自的经济状况和民众对未来通胀的预期。 2021年底美国的年通胀率为4.7 % ， 而英国为4.8 % ， 欧元区5 % 。 一个共同特点是通胀似乎在加速。 日本在经历了2011年大部分时间的负通胀后，12月的月度通胀率上升到了0.8 % 。 为什么通胀会在新冠疫情期间出现，又会在什么条件下趋于平稳甚至消失？ 一般来说，当对商品或服务的需求超过其供应时，通胀就开始了。 需求拉动型通胀通常发生在需求被扩张性货币或财政政策所推高的时候。 在一个简单的供求关系曲线图中，当向下倾斜的需求曲线向上和向右移动时，均衡价格和数量都会随之上升。 同理，当向上倾斜的成本曲线向上移动时就会催生成本推动型通胀，比如当能源和原材料价格上升时。 在这种情况下价格水平通常会上升，而交易量则会下降。 但在新冠疫情下有一个不同的机制在起作用：通胀是因市场上的需求和供应难以匹配而产生的。 以零售市场为例，在疫情最严重的时期许多人不能（或不愿意）去商店。 病毒阻断了许多交易机会，不仅影响了零售业，对航空旅行、餐馆、娱乐和许多其他行业也是如此。 在标准的供求关系曲线图中，需求曲线和供应曲线都与疫情前时代保持一致。 人们仍然想出门旅行，而航空业也想在不危及乘客或空乘人员的情况下为他们服务。 但由于缺乏安全匹配供需的可能性，贸易机会就丢失掉了。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "I have nothing against holism, I should add. But it can be vague as a guide to policy. In this case, what it primarily means is that governments should offset the impact of loose monetary policy on income and wealth inequality by the use of fiscal policy to ensure that post-tax inequality is moderated. They should also work on labor-market regulation to rebalance bargaining power in favor of employees. And they should invest more in education. These are all, of course, Good Things, but they take us away from central banking. Can central banks really do no more than pass the buck to the Ministries of Finance and Economy? Not quite: if they are financial regulators, they can help promote financial inclusion and literacy, but that takes decades to have an impact. It may be, too, that macroprudential policies can be used to smooth credit booms and busts, which may reduce the scale of the problem low interest rates are designed to resolve. It is too soon since their introduction after the financial crisis to know whether that will turn out to be the case. The slightly depressing conclusion is that the current monetary policy settings in the world’s developed economies are likely to create greater wealth inequality, and that in the short term there is not a lot monetary and regulatory authorities can do about it, save mentioning it in speeches. If the problem is to be resolved, we will need to see finance ministers with a strong political mandate to implement redistributional policies, rather than Fed chairmen and governors featuring prominently in this decade’s power lists.", "zh": "特别声明，我不反对全面论。 但作为政策指南，它是模糊的。 在本例中，它主要意味着政府应该通过使用财政政策来确保税后不平等得到缓和，从而抵消宽松货币政策对收入和财富不平等的影响。 政府还应该致力于劳动力市场监管，以重新平衡有利于员工的议价能力。 他们应该更多地投资于教育。 当然，这些都是好事，但它们使我们远离中央银行业务。 央行真的只能把重担推给财政部和经济部吗？ 不完全是：如果央行是金融监管者，那么可以帮助促进金融包容性和扫盲，但这需要几十年才能产生影响。 也有可能，宏观审慎政策可用来平滑信用枯荣，这可能会降低低利率旨在解决的问题的规模。 自金融危机后推出它们以来，现在要知道情况是否会如此还为时过早。 略微令人沮丧的结论是，世界发达经济体当前的货币政策环境可能会造成更大的财富不平等，短期内货币和监管机构对此无能为力，只能在讲话中提一嘴。 要解决问题，我们将需要看到具有强大政治权力的财政部长来实施再分配政策，而不是美联储主席和各联储银行行长在这十年的权力清单中占据突出地位。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "zh", "tgt_lang": "en", "translation": {"zh": "洛易北最开始似乎没反应过来她突然的话，愣了几秒，理解后，竟然也没为自己辩护，甚至还顺着她接了一句，“方小姐，你这么激动做什么？ 有意见？” 轻飘飘的一句话，却把方池夏成功堵住了。 方池夏的反应确实有点激动，她也确实有那么一点点意见。 她去见别的女人就算了，为什么要穿上她送给他的衣服去？ 真糟蹋她的衣服！ 洛易北不动声色观察着她的神色，一脸好整以暇的样子。 洛易北引用她刚的话戏谑了一句，拉着她，带着她漫不经心的就往外走。 方池夏对他的话默默无语。 “我也要去？” 被动跟在他身后，她又问。 “带着老婆去不正好方便抓包吗？” 方池夏被他那话噎了一下，没再多说。 他这话明显是在开玩笑，都这么说了，刚才肯定是她想多了。 意识到这个问题，方池夏脸上的表情，囧了。", "en": "Luo Yibei didn’t seem to follow what she meant at first. After a few seconds of understanding, he didn’t even defend himself but followed her words with his own, “Miss Fang, what made you so worked up? Got a problem with it?” His retort successfully blocked Fang Chixia. Fang Chixia’s reaction was really a bit over the top and she did have some opinions. Why put on the shirt she gave him when he’s out to meet up with other women? “What?” Fang Chixia looked at her captured hand and raised a questioning look. “Go sell my beauty!” Luo Yibei quoted and just pulled her behind him as he went out. Fang Chixia was speechless. “I’m going, too?” She asked as she passively followed behind. “Isn’t it convenient to catch the bag with my wife?” Luo Yibei responded but this time his head didn’t turn around. Fang Chixia was bereft speech and didn’t say a word anymore. This obviously was a joke but since he said so, it must have been just her thinking more of it. Finally being aware of it, embarrassment colored Fang Chixia’s face."}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "BWB"}
{"src_lang": "zh", "tgt_lang": "en", "translation": {"zh": "以数据驱动的“软件定义”正在成为融合应用的显著特征。一方面，数据驱动信息技术产业变革，加速新一代信息技术的跨界融合和创新发展，通过软件定义硬件、软件定义存储、软件定义网络、软件定义系统等，带来更多的新产品、服务和模式创新，催生新的业态和经济增长点，推动数据成为战略资产。另一方面，“软件定义”加速各行业领域的融合创新和转型升级。软件定义制造激发了研发设计、仿真验证、生产制造、经营管理等环节的创新活力，加快了个性化定制、网络化协同、服务型制造、云制造等新模式的发展，推动生产型制造向生产服务型。制造转变；软件定义服务深刻影响了金融、物流、交通、文化、旅游等服务业的发展，催生了一批新的产业主体、业务平台、融合性业态和新型消费，引发了居民消费、民生服务、社会治理等领域多维度、深层次的变革，涌现出分享经济、平台经济、算法经济等众多新型网络经济模式，培育壮大了发展新动能。", "en": "The data-driven software-defined is becoming a prominent feature of integrated applications. On one hand, data-driven information technology is driving industry transformation, accelerating the cross-border integration and innovative development of the new generation of information technology. Through software-defined hardware, software-defined storage, software-defined networking, software-defined systems, etc., it brings more new products, services, and innovative models, giving rise to new formats and economic growth points, and promoting data as a strategic asset. On the other hand, software-defined is accelerating the integration, innovation, and transformation of various industries. Software-defined manufacturing stimulates innovation in research and development design, simulation verification, production manufacturing, and business management, accelerating the development of new models such as personalized customization, networked collaboration, service-oriented manufacturing, and cloud manufacturing, promoting the transformation of manufacturing from production-oriented to service-oriented. Software-defined services profoundly impact the development of industries such as finance, logistics, transportation, culture, and tourism, giving birth to a new group of industry entities, business platforms, integrated formats, and new types of consumption. It triggers multidimensional and deep-level changes in areas such as resident consumption, livelihood services, and social governance, leading to the emergence of various new network economic models such as the sharing economy, platform economy, and algorithm economy, nurturing and strengthening the development of new driving forces."}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "csprd"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Examining economic development trends in South Korea, the authors find that the average value added per worker in transportation, real estate, and ICT is now higher than the average in manufacturing, and they point to similar dynamics in the United States, Japan, and China. This finding suggests that rapid development in China’s service economy could reverse the externally triggered dampening of growth since 2008. But, as the Japanese and South Korean transitions from export to domestic demand-driven growth demonstrate, structural transformation is a slow and painful process. China is in the midst of that process, and it must be careful not to undermine existing sources of growth lest it fall into a structural trap where the cost of transition itself derails new gains. It is not a good sign that the high costs in many Chinese provinces have been weighing down overall growth. This points to fundamental challenges ahead, notwithstanding the significant economic potential of Chinese consumers. For starters, economic development based on diversified domestic demand is more complicated than export-driven development, because these new sectors rely more heavily on sophisticated financial services, free and equitable market access, better educated workers, and higher investment in research and development. As a result, the new businesses emerging from the shift to a new growth model are demanding far more from China’s current economic-governance system than it can bear. Further structural reforms would go a long way toward fixing this problem, but they will also require China’s leaders to make tough political decisions that won’t please everyone. Another fundamental challenge is China’s slow rate of urbanization, which is still lagging, even after 25 years of export-led growth. Each of a thriving service economy’s major components – ICT, finance, insurance, transportation, and real estate – needs the others to prosper, and cities are what bring them all together – a phenomenon of network externalities. Unfortunately, China’s enduring system of dividing urban and rural regions, together with poor urban planning, has led to fragmented and scattered metropolitan communities without diversified networks that would otherwise have helped boost productivity. China’s cities will be a key ingredient of its long-term economic success. Urbanization should start accelerating today, and over the next 10-15 years, with the expansion of metropolitan areas geared toward the needs of services-led economic growth.", "zh": "以韩国的经济发展情况为鉴，他们发现运输、地产和信息和通信技术行业的人均附加值要高于制造业的平均值，同时指出在美国、日本和中国也如此。 这一发现表明中国服务经济的迅猛发展能够逆转2008年以来由外部冲击造成的不景气。 然而从日本和韩国从出口转向国内需求导向的增长经验来看，结构转型是一个缓慢而痛苦的过程。 中国正处于结构转型中，必须警惕避免经济增长对既存增长源泉的削弱，以免掉入结构性陷阱造成结构转型成本过高，抵消转型的好处。 而中国多省出现的转型成本高昂拖累了总体的经济增长趋势，这并不是一个好征兆。 尽管中国消费者的规模潜力相当巨大，但是上述情况还是指出了发展前路上面临的基本挑战。 对于新手而言，基于国内需求多元化的经济增长相较于出口导向型发展更为复杂，因为这些新行业的发展更多倚重于复杂的金融服务、自由公平的市场准入资格、受教育程度更高的劳动者以及对研究开发领域更多的投资。 因此，转向新增长模型的新业态对中国现存经济治理体系提出远超出其所能承载的要求。 为解决这些问题，中国的结构性改革还有很长的路要走，即使不会皆大欢喜，这依然要求中国领导人要做出艰难的政治决定。 另一项根本挑战是中国的低城市化率，尽管经历了25年的出口拉动型增长，城市化进程依旧步履蹒跚。 信息和通信技术、金融、保险、运输、地产，繁荣的服务型经济中每一项主要要素都离不开其他要素的繁荣，而正是城市将这些要素聚拢，即所谓的网络关联外部性现象。 不幸的是，中国长期的城乡二元结构体制与不合理的城市规划，已经导致大城市社区碎片化、分散化并缺乏多样化的城市网群，不然大城市社区本应能促进生产率更大的提高。 城市将成为中国经济长期成功发展的核心要素。 城市化应当从现在开始提速，并且未来10到15年间城市规模应当配合服务拉动型经济增长而进行扩张。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Future deficits could, in theory, be reduced through higher contributions, but social security contributions are already far too high in Europe, inhibiting job creation and economic growth. The only way to restore growth without compromising the future is through pension reform that reduces future outlays from the state-run system. Of course, any estimate of the implicit pension debt requires caveats and arbitrary assumptions. But so does the SGP's current implementation - for example, in the conventions that define how budget deficit are measured and what qualifies as government revenue. Moreover, the Commission has already worked to harmonize the assumptions needed to forecast public pension outlays and achieve cross-country comparability. Finally, to strengthen cross-country comparability further, the benchmark should be variations in the stock of pension debt under given economic and demographic assumptions, rather than the debt level itself. There is also a more fundamental reason to focus on future variations in the stock of pension debt associated with pension reforms: the EU has no business interfering with pension liabilities of individual member states. Why should the rest of Europe care if, say, Spain preserves a generous pension system? The extra focus on implicit pension debts would also help to inform citizens. Surveys reveal that most European citizens are not fully aware of the extent of intergenerational redistribution. Many even believe that their contributions accrue to an individual, capitalized, account, rather than financing the benefits paid to current pensioners.", "zh": "理论上来讲，未来的赤字可以通过增加投入来削减，但是欧洲的社会保障投入已经过高，限制了就业机会的创造和经济发展。 而恢复经济发展，又不对未来造成影响的唯一方法就是进行养老金改革削减国有体系的未来费用。 当然，任何关于隐性养老金债务的预测都需要警告和主观提出的假设前提。 但《合约》目前的贯彻也是如此 - - 比如，在有关如何计算预算赤字和如何定义政府收入的条款中。 而且，委员会已经开始努力协调各种公共养老金费用预测所需的假设前提，并且实现了跨国可比性。 最后，为了进一步加强跨国可比性，判断的标准定为一定的经济和人口条件下养老金债务的浮动，而不是债务水平本身。 关于为何将关注点集中在同养老金改革相联系的未来养老金债务浮动上还有一个更加本质的原因：欧盟没有权力干涉个体成员国的养老金债务问题。 比如，假设西班牙有着非常慷慨的养老金体系，这又与欧洲的其他国家有什么关系呢？ 对隐性养老金债务的额外关注还会更有利于公众了解养老金体系。 调查显示，大部分欧洲公民不是特别清楚不同代人之间收入再分配的程度。 许多人甚至认为他们的投入会在个人资本账户中逐渐累积，他们并不知道这些钱其实还用于给目前的养老金享受者提供资金。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "zh", "tgt_lang": "en", "translation": {"zh": "促进生育政策和相关经济社会政策配套衔接，加强人口发展战略研究。 积极应对人口老龄化，构建养老、孝老、敬老政策体系和社会环境，推进医养结合，加快老龄事业和产业发展。 （六）打造共建共治共享的社会治理格局。 加强社会治理制度建设，完善党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障的社会治理体制，提高社会治理社会化、法治化、智能化、专业化水平。 加强预防和化解社会矛盾机制建设，正确处理人民内部矛盾。 树立安全发展理念，弘扬生命至上、安全第一的思想，健全公共安全体系，完善安全生产责任制，坚决遏制重特大安全事故，提升防灾减灾救灾能力。 加快社会治安防控体系建设，依法打击和惩治黄赌毒黑拐骗等违法犯罪活动，保护人民人身权、财产权、人格权。", "en": "We will work to ensure that our childbirth policy meshes with related economic and social policies, and carry out research on the population development strategy. As we respond proactively to population aging, we will adopt policies and foster a social environment in which senior citizens are respected, cared for, and live happily in their later years. We will provide integrated elderly care and medical services, and accelerate the development of old-age programs and industries. 6. Establishing a social governance model based on collaboration, participation, and common interests We will step up institution building in social governance and improve the law-based social governance model under which Party committees exercise leadership, government assumes responsibility, non-governmental actors provide assistance, and the public get involved. We will strengthen public participation and rule of law in social governance, and make such governance smarter and more specialized. We will improve mechanisms for preventing and defusing social tensions, and properly handle problems among the people. We will promote safe development, and raise public awareness that life matters most and that safety comes first; we will improve the public safety system and the responsibility system for workplace safety; we will take resolute measures to prevent serious and major accidents, and build up our capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief. We will accelerate development of the crime prevention and control system, combat and punish in accordance with law all illegal and criminal activities such as pornography, gambling, drug abuse, gang violence, kidnapping, and fraud, and protect people’s personal rights, property rights, and right to dignity."}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "mZPRT_Government_Report"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Had Cortés’s strategy failed, he would have gone down in history – if he was remembered at all – as an arrogant fool who thought that he could defeat a great empire. One of the earliest applications of this strategy to economic policy is in the design of central banks. Monetary policymakers, the argument goes, should be independent from the political system, because, when elections near, politicians will likely pressure them to “buy” temporarily higher employment at the cost of permanently higher inflation. To prevent this inefficient trade off, governments should tie central bankers’ hands by insulating them from political influence. Many macroeconomists attribute the sustained decline in inflation since the early 1980’s to the widespread use of this strategy. And, encouraged by its success, policymakers started applying it elsewhere. Financial liberalization was sold as a commitment to follow market-friendly policies. If a future government deviated from the policy, capital flight would bring it to its knees. The same applies to extensive government borrowing from abroad, to currency boards, even to currency unions. The creation of the euro is nothing but an extreme form of commitment: European governments tried to lash themselves to the German mast of fiscal discipline. The diffusion of these mechanisms raises the issue of democracy. When Cortés allegedly burned the Spanish ships, he did not take a poll. Had he done so, he might have won (the strategy was clever), but it was not a foregone conclusion. But even if the commitment strategy produced beneficial incentives, it might not have been worth the risk.", "zh": "如果寇蒂斯失败的话，他早就被遗忘在历史长河中了，即使被记住，也是作为愚蠢的自大狂 — — 居然不自量力地想打败伟大的帝国。 该策略最早在经济政策中的应用是中央银行。 这里的逻辑是，货币决策者应该独立于政治制度，因为当选举临近时，政客可能会迫使货币当局以持久高通胀的代价“买”来暂时性的高就业。 为了避免这一低效的权衡，政府应该通过将央行与政治隔离管住了央行行长的双手。 许多宏观经济学家把20世纪80年代通胀的持续下降归功于该策略的广泛应用。 受此鼓舞，决策者还开始将它应用于其他领域。 金融自由化便是以追随市场友好型政策的承诺为卖点的。 如果未来政府抛弃这一政策，则资本外逃将迫使他们就范。 同样的策略也可以用于扩大政府外债、货币局制度甚至货币联盟。 欧元的诞生无非是极端形式的承诺：欧洲各国政府将尽力往德国财政纪律标准上靠。 这些机制的普及引出了民主难题。 当寇蒂斯宣布烧掉西班牙战船的时候，他并没有发起投票。 如果他组织了投票，那么他可能也会胜出（这一策略是明智的 ） ， 但谁也不能保证结果会如何。 但即使承诺策略产生了有益激励，也有可能不值得冒险。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "The Climate Fight’s Next Turning Point PARIS – Next month, the Global Climate Action Summit – one of the largest international gatherings on climate change the world has seen – will be held in San Francisco. The event, whose theme is “Take Ambition to the Next Level,” aims to serve as a launchpad for accelerated action that will enable the world to meet the goals set by the 2015 Paris climate agreement. It is a golden opportunity to make progress in the effort to combat global warming, but it can be seized only with the involvement of all stakeholders. With the Paris climate agreement, the international community agreed to limit the rise in average global temperature to 2° Celsius – and ideally 1.5°C – above pre-industrial levels. To that end, national governments were tasked with developing their own climate-action plans, called Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). But national governments cannot do it alone. Everyone – including those at all levels of government, as well as business leaders, investors, and civil society – must contribute. This calls for a new form of inclusive multilateralism – one that can also be applied to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, which complement the Paris agreement’s commitments. It is a tall order, but there is plenty of reason for optimism. There is unprecedented global momentum to build a low-carbon, climate-secure future, characterized by a dynamic green economy, a thriving society, and a healthy environment.", "zh": "气候斗争的下一个转折点 巴黎—下个月，全球气候行动峰会 — — 有史以来最大规模的气候变化国际会议之一 — — 将在旧金山举行。 这次会议的主题是“新高度的决心 ” ， 旨在助推实现2015年巴黎气候协定所制定的目标所需要的行动。 这是加强遏制全球变暖的措施的黄金机会，但只有各相关利益方竭诚参与才能把握这个机会。 根据巴黎气候协定，国际社会同意将全球平均气温升幅控制在前工业化水平以上2℃以内 — — 理想情况下是1.5℃以内。 为此，各国政府的任务是制定自身的气候行动计划，即各国自定贡献（NDC ） 。 但各国政府不能单独做这件事。 所有人 — — 包括各级政府以及商界领袖、投资者和公民社会 — — 都必须做出贡献。 这就要求新形式的包容多边主义 — — 也适用于实现作为巴黎协定承诺的补充的可持续发展目标（SDG ） 。 这是一个艰难的任务，但有理由保持乐观。 构建低碳、气候安全的未来 — — 充满活力的绿色经济、繁荣的社会和健康的环境 — — 从未向现在那样动力十足。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "The rest can come from technological, operational, and business innovations – for example, developing new seeds to increase agricultural yields, using new materials (such as carbon-fiber composites) to make cars and airplanes lighter and more resilient, or digitizing medical records. Another significant growth opportunity lies in boosting the employment and productivity of women. Today, only about half of the world’s working-age women are employed. They earn about three-quarters as much as men in the same occupations, and are over-represented in informal, temporary, and low-productivity jobs. MGI estimates that increasing women’s labor-force participation rate could contribute almost 60% of potential labor-force growth during the next half-century. Realizing this potential will require efforts by both employers and governments to eliminate discriminatory practices that impede the recruitment, retention, and promotion of women, as well as credit, tax, and family support policies to help workers balance their responsibilities at work and at home. Meanwhile, in order to mitigate the environmental impact of continued rapid growth, the world must improve its resource efficiency considerably. MGI and others have identified numerous ecologically responsible growth opportunities emanating from the smarter use of limited resources. Consider improvements in energy efficiency, which could halve projected energy demand between now and 2020. As California – the world’s eighth-largest economy – has demonstrated, strict energy-efficiency standards can actually be good for growth and jobs. Indeed, such policies have kept California’s per capita energy demand constant for the last three decades – even as such demand grew by 50% in the rest of the United States – without compromising growth. There is a strong business and consumer case for improving resource productivity, as it could lead to substantial cost savings. Fortunately, policies that support this goal are gaining momentum in developed and developing countries alike. Even if gains in female labor-force participation and resource-efficient productivity growth sustain high rates of economic growth, one key challenge remains: income inequality. In fact, there is no simple relationship between growth and income inequality; after all, inequality has been increasing in both slow-growing developed economies and fast-growing emerging economies. According to the French economist Thomas Piketty, income inequality rises when the return on capital exceeds economic growth, meaning that, by itself, faster economic growth would reduce inequality.", "zh": "其余则可以源于技术、运营和商业创新 — — 比方说研发新种子提高农业产量、利用新材料（如碳纤维复合材料）生产更轻、更牢固的汽车飞机以及数字化病例。 另一个显著增长机会在于提高妇女就业和生产率。 如今只有约半数的劳动年龄女性实现了就业。 她们的收入约为同行业男性收入的四分之三，其中有很大比例从事低效和临时的非正式工作。 麦肯锡全球研究院估计提升女性人口劳动参与率可以使未来半个世纪的潜在劳动力增长接近60 ％ 。 实现这一目标需要雇主和政府消除妨碍女性入职、留任和晋升的歧视性做法，并实行协助劳动者平衡工作及家庭责任的信贷、税收和家庭支持政策。 此外，为减轻持续快速增长对环境的影响，各国必须大幅提高其资源利用效率。 麦肯锡全球研究院及其他机构已经寻找到源于明智利用有限资源的诸多对生态负责任的增长机会。 以提高能源效率为例，完全可以实现从现在起到2020年预计能源需求减半的任务。 世界第八大经济体加利福尼亚的经历已经证明严格的能效标准在现实中完全可以有利于经济增长和就业。 事实上，在过去30年美国其他地区人均能源需求增加50%的情况下，诸如此类的政策在不影响经济增长的前提下并未增加加利福尼亚的人均能源需求。 因为可以导致巨大的成本节约，我们有充足的商业和消费理由提高资源生产率。 幸运的是，支持实现上述目标的政策在发达国家和发展中国家都正在悄然兴起。 即使女性参与劳动和提高资源节约型生产率能够保持经济高速发展，一个关键的挑战依然是收入差距。 事实上，增长和收入差距之间的关系并不简单；毕竟，收入差距在增长缓慢的发达国家和快速增长的发展中国家都有扩大的趋势。 法国经济学家托玛斯·皮克提认为当资本回报率超过经济增长时收入不平等增加，也就是说经济快速增长本身对不平等现象构成抑制。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "The Eurozone is Still Vulnerable BRUSSELS – Despite recently experiencing an overall economic uptick, the eurozone remains fragile and uninsured against the risk of another crisis. And a major reason is that it is still vulnerable to asymmetric boom-and-bust cycles. Simply put, while all eurozone members can benefit during good times, some suffer far more than others during busts. This means that whenever the next crisis hits, safety-conscious investors will flee from fiscally weak countries toward fiscally strong ones that have a proven track record of generating economic growth. When the economic calculus reverses, we can expect to experience a sense of déjà vu. Each country’s gain will entail another country’s loss, which will undermine inter-eurozone cooperation and fuel political tensions. The effects will likely reverberate through each country’s domestic politics, strengthening forces that favor disintegration. To be sure, reforms that were implemented in response to the last crisis have improved the situation at the aggregate level; but they have not resolved the eurozone’s fundamental asymmetry. Underlying fiscal positions still vary from one country to another, despite all the efforts to achieve fiscal convergence through top-down rules. Likewise, Europe’s financial-sector reforms in recent years, while significant, have not provided an adequate solution to the problem. The European banking union has now partly muted one of the primary channels – domestic banks – through which public debt piled up during the last crisis. Financial supervision has been placed at the EU level, rather than being delegated to national authorities. And government bailouts have been replaced with creditor bail-ins, at least when the latter does not threaten financial stability. But none of this will avert the need for public bailouts when the next crisis hits, out of fear that financial contagion will amplify the initial market reaction. At the same time, Europe’s new crisis-management tools have obvious limitations. With a lending capacity of only €500 billion ($535 billion), the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) will likely not make much of a difference in the next crisis. An alternative option would be to activate the European Central Bank’s “outright monetary transactions” program, in which the ECB would purchase eurozone member states’ bonds in secondary markets. But the OMT, announced in September 2012 but never applied, would be politically difficult to implement.", "zh": "欧元区仍然脆弱 布鲁塞尔—尽管最近总体经济呈现好转之势，欧元区仍然十分脆弱，远远没有摆脱另一场危机的风险。 一个主要原因是它仍然极易发生不对称的枯荣循环。 简言之，所有欧元区成员国都能从景气时期获益，但一些国家在萧条期所受到的伤害要远大于其他国家。 这意味着，只要下一次危机爆发，注重安全的投资者将逃离财政疲软的国家，涌向财政坚挺、有着良好的经济增长纪录的国家。 当经济考虑逆转时，预计我们将体验到一种似曾相识的感觉。 一国的收益意味着另一个国家的损失，这将危害到泛欧元区合作，助长政治紧张。 其影响可能波及每个国家的国内政策，增强支持解体的力量。 平心而论，为了应对上一场危机而实施的改革在总体水平上改善了情况；但这些措施并未解决欧元区的根本性的不对称。 尽管欧元区采取了各种措施试图通过自上而下的规则实现财政趋同，各国基础财政处境仍然各不相同。 类似地，最近几年的欧洲金融业改革尽管算得上大手笔，但并不足以解决问题。 如今，欧洲银行联盟在一定程度上闭塞了上一场危机中的公共债务的堆积渠道 — — 本国银行。 金融监管上升到了欧盟层次，而不再由国家当局代理。 政府援助（bailout）被债权人自救（bail-in）所取代，至少在后者不至于威胁到金融稳定时是如此。 但所有这些都无法改变一件事：出于担心金融传染会放大初始市场反应，因此当下一次危机来袭时，仍然需要公共援助。 与此同时，欧洲的新危机管理工具具有显而易见的局限性。 欧洲稳定性机制（ESM）只有5,000亿欧元的借贷能力，如果新危机爆发，这点钱无法造成显著的区别。 另一个选择是激活欧洲央行的“直接货币交易 ” （ OMT）计划，即欧洲央行在二级市场购买欧元区成员国的债券。 但OMT的实施存在整治难点，自2012年9月宣布以来，它从未成为现实。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Likewise, though health services in Liberia and Sierra Leone improved after their civil wars ended, quality and coverage have remained well below West African standards. When Ebola struck, Liberia had only 120 doctors for its four million citizens. Add to that sprawling urban slums – semi-governed, overcrowded, and poorly sanitized – and it is not surprising that these countries have struggled to contain the epidemic. The threat that Ebola poses in all three countries extends beyond health care. Throughout the region, a history of conflict and a legacy of poor governance have fueled a deep distrust of governments and state institutions, as indicated in a 2012 Afrobarometer survey. Indeed, these countries’ lack of an established social contract has been the main obstacle to establishing political authority and effective governance. Moreover, this environment has created fertile conditions for the spread of wild theories including that the government and aid workers are conspiring to infect citizens. Many people deny that the Ebola virus exists at all, claiming that their governments have invented it to raise additional funds – which they will never see – from the international community. Such doubts and fears are leading families to hide their dead and conduct funerals at night, with some communities going so far as to attack health workers. All of this is making it extremely difficult to halt the spread of the disease. With a highly contagious and lethal virus devastating poor and fragmented societies that distrust their leaders, business as usual is not enough.", "zh": "同样，虽然内战结束后利比里亚和塞拉利昂的医疗服务有所改善，但其质量和覆盖范围仍然远低于西非标准。 埃博拉病毒来袭时，利比里亚4百万民众仅有区区120名医生。 再加上管理松散、人满为患、清洁环境恶劣的庞大的城市贫民窟 — — 上述国家一直拼命试图遏制疫情因此也就不足为怪。 埃博拉在上述三国造成的威胁都不仅局限在医疗领域。 据2012年非洲民主动态调查显示，整个地区长期冲突和治理不善的传统导致对政府和国家机构的信任严重缺失。 事实上，这些国家公认社会契约的缺位一直是确立政治权威及有效治理的主要障碍。 不仅如此，这种环境为谣言的传播创造了肥沃的土壤，其中包括政府和救援人员合谋让民众感染病毒。 很多人根本不承认埃博拉病毒的存在，称政府为从国际社会筹集更多资金而凭空捏造了整个事件（筹集来的资金民众永远也不可能看到 ） 。 这样的疑虑和恐惧导致家庭藏匿亡者及在夜间举行葬礼，某些社区甚至发展到袭击医疗工作者。 这一切都让阻止疾病蔓延的工作变得极为困难。 在这种具有高度传染性及致命性的病毒摧毁对领导人缺乏信任的分裂、贫困的社会之际，承袭原有做法无疑是远远不够的。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Though freight transport still accounts for 67% of railway revenues, with 2.65 million tons carried every day, the higher fares needed to subsidize passengers have deterred shippers. As a result, the share of freight carried across India by rail has declined from 89% in 1950-1951 to 31% today. Instead, an increasing volume of goods is shipped by road, choking India's narrow highways and spewing toxic pollutants into the country's increasingly unbreathable air. By contrast, China's railways carry five times as much freight as India's, even though China has a far better road network. Making matters worse, politicians have continued to add trains to please various constituencies – but without adding track. Indeed, owing to land constraints, India has laid only 12,000 kilometers of rail track since independence in 1947, adding to the 53,000 left behind by the British. (China added nearly 80,000 kilometers to its rail network over the same period.) As a result, several lines are operating beyond their capacity, creating long delays. Exacerbating this inefficiency are slow train speeds, which rarely exceed 50 kilometers per hours (and 30 kilometers per hour for freight), partly owing to the need to stop at an ever-rising number of stations to appease political interests. But perhaps the biggest problem is how dangerous the railways are. Aging rails, tired coaches, old-fashioned signals, and level crossings dating back to the nineteenth century combine with human error to take dozens of lives every year. Yet the railway ministers continue to insist on their populist approach.", "zh": "虽然每天265万吨的货运量仍占铁路收入的67 ％ ， 但补贴客运所造成的高额运费已经令货主却步。 结果是铁路在印度货运中所占的份额已经从 1950-1951年的89%下降到今天的31 % 。 相反，越来越多的商品经由公路运输不仅堵住了印度狭窄的高速公路，还向这个国家越来越无法呼吸的空气中排放有毒污染物。 相比之下，中国铁路货运量是印度的五倍，虽然中国拥有更高质量的公路网络。 更有甚者，政客们继续加开客运车辆以讨好选民 — — 但却没有增铺铁路。 事实上，因为土地限制，印度自1947年独立后在英国人留下的53,000公里轨道基础上仅增铺了12,000公里。 （而中国同期却增铺了近80,000公里的铁路网络。 ）结果造成多条线路超负荷运行，并因此造成长时间延误。 低速运行进一步加剧了低效，开行速度很少超过每小时50公里（货车的开行速度为每小时30公里 ） ， 部分原因是为了安抚各派政治利益而导致停靠的车站数量越来越多。 但最大的问题或许是铁路的危险性。 老化的铁轨、超负荷的车厢、老掉牙的信号、可以回溯到十九世纪的平交道口和人为失误每年都会夺走数十条生命。 但铁路部长们仍继续坚持其民粹主义做法。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "That process is sure to be fraught with further uncertainty and political risk, because what is at stake was never only some real or imaginary advantage for Britain, but the very survival of the European project. Brexit will open the floodgates for other anti-European forces within the Union. Indeed, no sooner was the referendum’s outcome announced than France’s National Front issued a call for “Frexit,” while Dutch populist Geert Wilders promoted “Nexit.” Moreover, the UK itself may not survive. Scotland, which voted overwhelmingly to remain in the EU, can be expected to make another attempt to gain its independence, and some officials in Northern Ireland, where voters also backed Remain, have already called for unification with the Republic of Ireland. The EU’s response to Brexit could well prove to be another pitfall. European leaders, eager to deter other member states from following suit, may be in no mood to offer the UK terms – particularly concerning access to Europe’s single market – that would soften the pain of leaving. With the EU accounting for half of British trade turnover, the impact on exporters could be devastating (despite a more competitive exchange rate). And, with financial institutions relocating their operations and staff to eurozone hubs in the coming years, the City of London (and London’s housing market) will not be spared the pain. But the implications for Europe could be far worse.", "zh": "这一过程必然还将充满进一步的不确定性和政治风险，因为它所牵涉到的不仅仅是英国的实际或想象中的优势，而是整个欧洲工程的存亡。 英国退出将打开欧盟内部其他反欧力量的防洪门。 事实上，英国公决结果一公布，法国国民阵线就提出要“法国退出 ” ， 而荷兰民粹主义者吉尔特·怀尔德斯（Geert Wilder）也在鼓吹“荷兰退出 ” 。 此外，英国本身亦有可能不保。 苏格兰人一边倒地支持留在欧盟，可以预期，它将再次争取独立，而在同样支持留欧的北爱尔兰，一些官员已经提出要和爱尔兰共和国合并。 欧盟对英国退出的反应很有可能是另一个隐患。 欧洲领导人急切地想打消其他成员国效仿英国的念头，可能不会向英国提供有助于减轻脱欧痛苦的条件 — — 特别是在进入欧洲统一市场方面。 欧盟贡献了英国贸易额的半壁江山，出口商受到的影响可能将是灾难性的（尽管拥有更具竞争力的汇率 ） 。 此外，未来几年金融机构也将把业务和人手调往欧元区金融枢纽，伦敦金融城（以及伦敦房地产市场）将无法避免阵痛。 但对欧洲的影响可能要糟糕得多。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "zh", "tgt_lang": "en", "translation": {"zh": "随着中国进入新发展阶段，改革也面临新任务，我们将拿出更大勇气、更多举措破除深层次体制机制障碍，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。 我们将不断提高贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享新发展理念的能力和水平，转变发展方式，推动质量变革、效率变革、动力变革，加快现代化经济体系建设，加强产权和知识产权保护，建设高标准市场体系，完善公平竞争制度，让各类市场主体活力充分涌流。 女士们、先生们、朋友们！ 开放是国家进步的前提，封闭必然导致落后。 当今世界，经济全球化潮流不可逆转，任何国家都无法关起门来搞建设，中国也早已同世界经济和国际体系深度融合。 我们绝不会走历史回头路，不会谋求“脱钩”或是搞封闭排他的“小圈子”。 我们构建新发展格局，绝不是封闭的国内单循环，而是开放的、相互促进的国内国际双循环。 ——在新发展格局下，中国市场潜力将充分激发，为世界各国创造更多需求。", "en": "China has entered a new stage of development and faces new tasks of reform. We will take more steps and remove with greater resolve deep-seated systemic and institutional barriers to modernize China’s governance system and capacity. We will enhance our ability to better apply the new development philosophy, namely, one of pursuing innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development. We will transform the growth model, upgrade quality and performance, and make growth drivers more robust. We will accelerate the building of a modernized economy, strengthen protection of property and intellectual property rights, set up a high-standard market system and improve mechanisms for fair competition. All this will fully motivate all types of market entities. Ladies and Gentlemen, Friends, Openness enables a country to move forward, while seclusion holds it back. In today’s world where economic globalization has become an irreversible trend, no country can develop itself by keeping its doors closed. China is already deeply integrated into the global economy and the international system. We will not reverse course or run against historical trend by “decoupling” or forming a small circle to keep others out. By fostering a new development paradigm, we are not pursuing a closed-door circulation, but open and mutually reinforcing domestic and international circulations. – The new development paradigm will enable China to fully unlock its market potential and create greater demand for other countries."}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "mZPRT_Government_Report"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "In most other countries in the region, this transition took – or will take – less than 15 years. So, being the world growth champion simply isn’t enough. To see why, consider each country’s per capita income (in terms of purchasing power parity) when its old-age dependency ratio, benchmarked against the US experience, peaked or will peak. As the chart above shows, with the exception of already-rich Asian economies such as Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, and Singapore, per capita income in Asian economies falls, or will fall, far short of other advanced economies at similar stages of the aging cycle. For example, when China reached its old-age-population peak in 2011, its per capita income was still only at 20% of the US level; and when Vietnam reached it in 2014, that figure was just 10%. And despite its young population and strong growth, India’s per capita income will only have reached 45% of the US level when its old-age population peaks in or around 2040; and that assumes, optimistically, that India will maintain very strong growth over the next few decades. This demographic trend has far-reaching implications for the region. Asian countries will have significantly less time than advanced economies have had to prepare for the transition to an aged society. Worse, they will have to manage the high fiscal costs of aging while they are still relatively poor, which will create new social pressures, which are already apparent in the “old” Asian countries. Moreover, slowing productivity growth could compound Asia’s demographic problem. Since the 2008 financial crisis, productivity growth has decelerated in Asia’s advanced economies and, to a lesser extent, in its emerging economies, too. Thus, the region’s push to catch up with countries at the global technology frontier has stalled over the past decade. To boost productivity in the future, Asian governments will have to implement well-targeted structural reforms today. Considering Asia’s rapidly aging population, it is crucial that such reforms include policies to protect the elderly, enhance social safety nets, and drive long-term growth. Governments will also need to make it easier for women and older workers to participate in the labor force, by expanding child-care facilities and creating incentives for firms to relax their retirement-age requirements.", "zh": "在其他大部分域内国家，这一转变只用了 — — 或将只用 — — 不到15年时间。 因此，成为世界增长冠军还不够。 要究其原因，可以考虑各国的人均收入（以购买力平价衡量）在老龄赡养比达到或将达到峰值时的表现（以美国的经验为基准 ） 。 上图表明，除了已经跻身富裕行列的澳大利亚、香港、日本和新加坡等经济体，其他亚洲经济体的人均收入要远低于 — — 或将远低于 — — 其他发达经济体在老龄化周期相近阶段的水平。 比如，中国在2011年达到其老龄人口峰值时，人均收入仍只有美国水平的20 % ； 越南在2014年达到老龄人口峰值时，人均收入只有美国的10 % 。 而尽管印度年轻人口数量增长强劲，其人均收入在2040年左右老龄人口达到峰值时仍将只能达到美国水平的45 % ； 而这需要乐观假设印度可以在未来几十年保持非常强劲的增长。 这一人口趋势对于亚洲地区影响深远。 亚洲国家可以用来准备向老龄化社会转型的时间远远短于发达经济体。 更糟糕的是，它们必须在仍处于相对较穷水平时就面临高昂的老龄化财政成本，这将造成新的社会压力，在“老”亚洲国家中已经显现出来。 此外，生产率增长的放缓可能加剧亚洲的人口问题。 自2008年金融危机以来，亚洲发达经济体的生产率增长出现了减速，新兴经济体亦然，只是程度较低。 因此，该地区赶超全球技术前沿国家的进程在过去十年出现了停滞。 要提振未来生产率，亚洲各国政府需要在今天实施精准定向的结构性改革。 考虑到亚洲人口迅速老化，这些改革措施必须包括保护老人、增强社会安全网和驱动长期增长的政策，这一点至关重要。 政府还必须让妇女和年长工人更加容易参与劳动力，这可以通过扩大育儿设施、为企业提供弹性退休年龄的激励等方式实现。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "zh", "tgt_lang": "en", "translation": {"zh": "宋原希的脸色涨的通红通红的。 她低着头，眼眶也有点红，听到夏叶华的话，急忙小声开口：“阿姨，他不会骗我的。” 知道他现实中什么样子了？ 原希，你小时候多么乖巧懂事啊，可是你看看你现在……太让人操心了！ 不行，我不同意你去。” 她抿住了嘴唇，低下了头，一向软糯没有脾气的人，此刻却有些固执。 乔恋看着她。 忽然就想到了当年的自己。 她与子川约定了在北京见面，所以她买了机票打算飞过来。 可是妈妈却非常反对，说的话跟夏叶华很相似。 当时的她，是怎么处理的呢？ 她有些不耐烦的开口：“妈，子川是不会骗我的。” 她说这句话的时候，格外的坚持，格外的自信。 一如现在的宋原希。 夏叶华指着她开口：“你才跟他认识几天啊！ 就要见面了！” “阿姨，你说网恋不可靠，所以我们才见面，以后就不是网恋了。”", "en": "Song Yuanxi’s face was completely red. Her eyes red, she lowered her head. After hearing what Xia Yehua had to say, she hurriedly said, “Auntie, he wouldn’t lie to me.” “Have you met him before? Do you know how he is in real life? Yuanxi, you were so obedient when you were young, but now… you make others worry way too much! No, I will never let you meet him.” She cupped her mouth and lowered her head. For someone who had always been good-tempered and gentle, at this moment she was being surprisingly stubborn. Qiao Lian looked at her. She suddenly remembered her past self. She had agreed to meet Zi Chuan in Beijing and bought airplane tickets, intending to fly there. However, her mother disapproved immensely of her decision and had said similar things to what Xia Yehua had just said. How had her past self handled this situation? She had irritatedly said, “Mom, Zi Chuan wouldn’t lie to me.” When she said this, she had been exceptionally insistent and exceptionally confident. Just like how Song Yuanxi was behaving now. Xia Yehua pointed at her and said, “You have only known him for a couple of days and you already want to meet him?” “Auntie, you were the one who said that online romances were unreliable. Therefore, we decided to meet each other, so that this romance wouldn’t exist exclusively online and would move forward.”"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "BWB"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "Even so, it does not follow that rates should be cut before actual economic weakness appears – I do not know of convincing evidence that the Fed should “get ahead” of a slowing real economy. The danger, then, is that the Fed will be tempted to cut rates as a result of external pressure, on the assumption that it can always rationalize cuts by pointing to variables that seemed to augur a growth slowdown sometime in the future. It is telling that Powell has not mentioned (at least that I have heard) the fact that the nominal and real federal funds rates remain well below long-term normal values. (This deviation is even more apparent for interest rates in some other advanced countries, such as Germany and Japan.) The desire to restore normalcy should still be putting upward pressure on rates, just as it did during the period of rate increases between December 2016 and December 2018. Indeed, it was Bernanke’s earlier failure to initiate the normalization process that made things more difficult than necessary for Yellen and Powell. My view is that the shift in 2019 away from normalization is primarily due to the intense opposition to further rate increases last December, when the loudest objections came, notably, from stock-market analysts and the Trump administration. The entire point of central-bank independence is to establish a credible monetary policy by insulating the relevant decision-makers from such influence. That is what we learned from the early 1980s, when Fed Chair Paul Volcker hiked the federal funds rate up to the level necessary to choke off inflation. The big difference, of course, is that President Ronald Reagan supported Volcker, whereas Trump is Powell’s chief antagonist. Powell’s challenge, then, is to maintain Volckerian discipline and independence in the face of growing political pressure. At the moment, his prospects for success are not great.", "zh": "即便如此，这并不意味着利率应该在经济真的表现出弱势之前就降低—我没有找到美联储应该“未雨绸缪”应对实体经济放缓的令人信服的证据。 因此，危险在于美联储将因为外部压力而去削减利率，认为只需要以似乎指向未来增长会放缓的变量，就能为降息找到理由。 鲍威尔没有提到（至少我没有听到他提到）名义和真实联邦基金利率仍远低于正常值这一事实就很能说明问题。 （这一偏离在其他一些发达国际的利率上表现得更加明显，比如德国和日本。 ） 恢复正常的渴望应该仍能给利率造成上升压力，一如2016年12月至2018年12月的利率上升期。 事实上，正是伯南克一开始没有启动正常化过程，给耶伦和鲍威尔造成了不必要的困难。 我的观点是，2019年偏离正常化的变化主要是因为去年12月对进一步生息的激烈反对，令人瞩目的是，当时的反对声主要就来自股市分析师和特朗普政府。 央行独立性的全部意义，正在于将重要决策者与这些影响相隔离，从而制定可信的货币政策。 我们在20世纪80年代初便学到了这一点，时任美联储主席保罗·沃尔克（Paul Volcker）将联邦基金利率升高到了遏制通胀所要求的水平。 当然，一个很大的区别在于里根总统支持沃尔克，而特朗普则是鲍威尔的主要对头。 因此，鲍威尔的挑战是在不断增加的政治压力面前，保持沃尔克式的纪律和独立性。 此时此刻，他的成功机会并不大。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "You know, my favorite part of being a dad is the movies I get to watch. I love sharing my favorite movies with my kids, and when my daughter was four, we got to watch \"The Wizard of Oz\" together. It totally dominated her imagination for months. Her favorite character was Glinda, of course. It gave her a great excuse to wear a sparkly dress and carry a wand. But you watch that movie enough times, and you start to realize how unusual it is. Now we live today, and are raising our children, in a kind of children's-fantasy-spectacular-industrial complex. But \"The Wizard of Oz\" stood alone. It did not start that trend. Forty years later was when the trend really caught on, with, interestingly, another movie that featured a metal guy and a furry guy rescuing a girl by dressing up as the enemy's guards. Do you know what I'm talking about? Yeah. Now, there's a big difference between these two movies, a couple of really big differences between \"The Wizard of Oz\" and all the movies we watch today. One is there's very little violence in \"The Wizard of Oz.\" The monkeys are rather aggressive, as are the apple trees. But I think if \"The Wizard of Oz\" were made today, the wizard would say, \"Dorothy, you are the savior of Oz that the prophecy foretold.", "zh": "身为父亲最让我开心的， 就是可以看自己喜欢的电影。 我喜欢跟我的孩子分享我的电影， 当我的女儿四岁的时候， 我们一起看了《绿野仙踪》。 接下来几个月她完全被迷住了。 她最喜欢的角色，当然是葛琳达。 这让她把自己打扮的像仙女一样 还拿着魔杖。 但是当你看了几遍之后， 你就会发现这部电影是多么的与众不同。 现在, 我们生活，抚养小孩, 都是沉浸在一种儿童奇幻般复杂的世界里。 但是《绿野仙踪》独树一帜。 它并不属于那一类。 这种趋势是四十年后的今天才流行的. 很有意思的是, 另外一部电影 里面有一个铁大个儿 和一个毛绒绒的家伙 伪装成敌人的守卫去解救一个女孩。 你猜到这是哪部电影了么？（观众笑声） 对的。 这两部电影有很多不同， 《绿野仙踪》跟我们近年来看到的所有电影 在两三方面存在巨大的差异。 首先，《绿野仙踪》没有什么暴力成分。 猴子算是里面比较暴力的了，类似的还有苹果树。 但是我想如果我们今天拍摄《绿野仙踪》， 巫师会说：\"多萝西，你是预言中 拯救奥兹的人，"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "iwslt14"}
{"src_lang": "en", "tgt_lang": "zh", "translation": {"en": "No Time to Waste This month Bill Gates published his new book, How to Avoid a Climate Disaster: The Solutions We Have and the Breakthroughs We Need. Bill Gates: The world is in a very different place today than when I started studying climate change. We know more and have established more of a consensus about the problem. But it’s still hard for many people to accept that only reducing emissions, without getting on a path to zero, isn’t enough. It’s also hard to accept how much innovation it will take to get to zero – to fundamentally remake the energy industry, the largest business in the world. In the book, I make the case that persuaded me, and I hope it persuades others. I’d urge climate advocates to keep making the case for zero and for reducing emissions in a way that puts us on that path. BG: Although the book isn’t aimed specifically at climate-change skeptics, I certainly hope it will persuade them that we need to invest seriously in clean energy. The countries that do the most to nurture innovation in this field will be home to the next generation of breakthrough companies – along with all the jobs and economic activity that accompany them. That’s why these investments are the smart thing to do, even if you don’t buy the ironclad case that humans are causing changes in the climate that will have catastrophic consequences if left unchecked.", "zh": "时不我待 本月比尔·盖茨将出版他的新书《如何避免一场气候灾难：我们拥有的解决方案以及我们所需的突破 》 。 盖茨：当今的世界与我开始研究气候变化时相比已是大不相同了。 我们知道了更多，也对这个问题建立了更多的共识。 但对很多人来说，仅仅减少排放而不走上零排放道路的做法依然不够的说法仍然是难以接受的，也很难让人认识到要达到零排放 — — 也就是从根本上重塑能源产业这个世界上规模最庞大的行业 — — 需要多少创新。 在书中我提出了说服自己的理由，也希望它能说服其他人。 我也敦促气候倡导者继续沿着这条路径去为零排放和减排奔走呼吁。 盖茨：虽然此书并不是专门针对气候变化怀疑论者的，但我当然希望它能让他们明白我们必须认真投资于清洁能源。 在这一领域创新孕育能力最强的国家将成为下一代突破性企业 — — 以及与之伴生的所有就业机会和经济活动 — — 的所在地。 这就是就算您不相信如果不对人类造成的气候变化加以控制就将引发灾难性后果的铁证，而这些投资依然是明智之举的原因。"}, "task_type": "doc_trans", "data_name": "news-commentary_v18.1"}