diff --git "a/everything_about_dogs_diseases.txt" "b/everything_about_dogs_diseases.txt" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/everything_about_dogs_diseases.txt" @@ -0,0 +1,8489 @@ + +Asthma. — This is a common disease and a most distressing complaint, +its victims being mostly found among house pets and toy dogs that have +been overfed with a too rich diet, and lack of exercise as well. Almast every +toy dog so improperly cared for and fed will develop asthma as they get +along in years. The grossness of body induces and fosters it and often +causes as well a kind of scurvy mange, the coat feeling harsh and dry with +a rough and dirty look. The symptoms are distressing paroxysms of cough- +ing with great difficulty in breathing, which occur frequently. The symp- +toms exhibited are due to 'thickening of the mucus lining of the trachea and +bronchial tubes which by lessening the calibre of the respiratory tract in- +terferes with the act of breathing which is attended by a loud, wheezing +noise. The blood is imperfectly aereated and the visible mucous mem- +branes congested and dark in color. Pugs and aged Spaniels seem pre- +disposed to asthmatic troubles, which, while not usually fatal, do not +prove amenable to treatment. + +An important feature of the treatment is attention to the diet, which +should be of a non-stimulating character. First relieve the animal by giving +the following antispasmotic drops: Compound spirits of sulphuric ether and +tincture of opium, equal parts, which keep in a cool place and well corked. + + + + +The dose for a 15-lb. to 30-lb. dog would be a small teaspoonful in a couple +of tablespoonfuls of gruel o'r milk. This, however, only relieves and does +not cure. The dog must now have frequent doses of a brisk aperient, and +a pill of the following prescription will be found very beneficial given every +night for a while: + +Podophyllin 6 grains + +Compound extract of colocynth 30 grains + +Powdered rhubarb 4 8 grains + +Extract of henbane 36 grains + +Mix and divide into twenty-four pills. + +Small breeds such as Pugs or Toy Poodles give half of one of these +pills. + +A little warm broth after the pill will assist its action. Feed rather +oftener than you do your well dogs but in small quantities. Make dog take +more exercise every day, which will cause him to more readily eat coarser +food. The chance of a complete cure is not encouraging in a confirmed or +chronic case, but the regular use of the following pills will have a won- +derful effect in counteracting severe paroxysms: + +Powdered ipecacuanha 6 grains + +Powdered opium 6 grains + +Compound squill pill 24 grains + +Powdered gum ammoniacum 24 grains + +Powdered licorice 24 grains + +Powdered rhubarb 12 grains + +Mix and make into twenty-four pills. + +The dose for a 15-lb. to 40-lb. dog, one pill morning and night. Small- +er than 15-lbs. half a pill. + +Whenever, severe fits of coughing with difficulty of breathing occur, +if the antispasmodic drops mentioned in first article are not handy, chloro- +dine may be given in the same way as the drops, the dose being from +twenty to thirty drops. Much relief can be given to asthmatical dogs by +confining them in a close box or kennel and filling it with the smoke of +thorn apple. This may be done twice a day, but care should be taken +with such patients that they are not exposed to any sudden change of tem- +perature, whether from heat or cold, or the reverse. + +Or, in place of this during acute attacks when the breathing is very +labored, relief may be obtained by inhalations of the fumes of burning +tar, resin or creosote. + +An asthmatic form of breathing is frequently found in connection with +tumors involving the respiratory tract. Such cases are incurable and it is +the most merciful procedure to put the animal to a painless death. + +Harry W. Lacy has the following to say as to asthma, and I append it +also for the benfit it may do: + + + + +"Asthma is a very common ailment among sporting dogs, and is +brought on by repeated exposure, followed by" inattention. If the simple +duty of making a dog comfortable be attended to at the close of each day's +work, there need be little fear of anything like this ensuing. It is not +actually the exposure to the weather that causes a dog to have lung trou- +ble, because when a dog is out exposed he is constantly on the move, and +the circulation keeps up, so that it is not possible for him to contract a +chill; but the chill is contracted when the animal returns home and lies +down in a wet condition. Then the blood ceases to circulate as rapidly +as during exercise, and the animal becomes shivery and a cold develops. +This repeated a few times more or less will end in a cough, and asthma +will ensue. + +When once a dog has suffered from an attack of asthma there always +remains with him a predisposition to a renewal of the trouble. It is a most +distressing complaint, and in the case of an animal like the dog, which leads, +or should lead an active outdoor life, it is almost impossible to effect a +permanent cure. Asthma differs from bronchitis in several ways. It comes +on in paroxysms, which gradually get worse and worse, until finally the +animal is suffocated. The treatment usually adopted consists in placing the +animal in a room or chamber where a kettle is constantly boiling, so that +the atmosphere is kept continually moist — as moist warmth does as much +good as anything to give relief in such cases. As regards medicine, some +of the ordinary cough remedies may be tried, the best thing perhaps being +mixtifre of oxymel or squill and glycerine, in equal parts, to which a large +paregoric elixir is added. The dog should have this about three times a +day." + +Another very good thing to do in connection with any treatment you use +is, cut up an onion small and fine, anoint with a drop or two (no more or +it will blister) of kerosene is excellent for asthma and bronchitis. + +This, then put into a cotton cloth and tied around the dog's neck will +afford relief in breathing. The onion should be renewed by a fresh one. + +House dogs suffer greatly from over-indulgence, errors in diet and lack +of exercise, which causes them to put on flesh rapidly. These conditions +produce derangements of the heart, lungs and circulatory system that fre- +quently result in a morbid condition of the system, known as asthma. In- +flammation of the mucous membrane lining of the bronchial tubes also +produces this disease, so that colds and inhalations of noxious gases and +vapors are common causes. + +The disease is easily recognized and there is no danger of confounding +it with other affections of the chest. It is not liable to prove fatal, but +seriously affects a dog's usefulness and will unquestionably shorten the +animal's life. + +Symptoms: The patient shows great distress and difficulty in breathing, +particularly after slight exertion, and suffers more or less from suffocation. +Respirations are not increased in number, but are labored and jerky and +have a wheezy, croupy sound during expiration. There is generally a +peculiar cough. The nostrils are dilated and the expression is anxious and +pitiful. The coat of over-fed dogs suffering from asthma is rough and + + + + +dirty and dry and harsh to the touch. The skin is often covered with a +mangy-looking scurf. + +Treatment: A radical cure of this disease is seldom effected, but much +can be done to improve the animal's condition. During an acute attack +of the disease prompt relief will be afforded by giving an emetic of ten +to twenty grains of sulphate of zinc, or thirty grains of ipecac. The +bowels should be kept open with cascara sagrada or olive oil. + +Much relief can be afforded to dogs suffering from the spasmodic +form of the disease by confining them in a small rocm and burning on a +pan of coals one ounce of stramonium leaves and a drachm of nitrate of +potassa. + +The following prescription can then be used with good results: Potassa, +iodidi two drams, spirits ammonia arom. one ounce, tincture quassiae and +aquae, of each, two ounces. Dose, one teaspoonful three times a day. + +Give the patient slow walking exercise, restrict the diet, prevent the +accumulation of flesh as much as possible and aim to secure the best physi- +cal condition possible. + +Apoplexy — See Fits. + +Abscess. — Pus or matter forming in or among the tissues is abscess. +It may be due to a blow, an accident, or caused by locil or general in- +flammation. A bitch may, after whelping, have one of the teats dammed +up, which gives rise to lacol inflammation, which would end in abscess. +There is unusual heat of the parts while the abscess is forming; a hard +lump at first, but as the matter forms this becomes softer, and is movable +under pressure of the hand. Should it form very slowly, hasten its forma- +tion by hot fomentations, which must be used continually for some time, +and afterwards cover the parts to prevent reaction from cold air. If you +can keep a poultice on the part this is very useful. Get from your druggist +a piece of spongia piline, satuate it with warm water and apply with the +waterproof side out. When the under part of the abscess is soft and moves +readily under pressure, it is ready for opening. To open it take the lancet +between finger and thumb and plunge it well into the center, making a +clean downward cut to insure good drainage; press out the matter, bathe +with warm water and keep it clean, which, in most cases, will be kept so +by the dog's tongue if on part of body where he can reach it. If not, then +apply Peroxyde of Hydrogen three or four times a day. + +In cases where the abscess is deep-seated, the veterinary surgeon alone +should use the knife. A light and nutritious diet should be given, and in +many cases no medicine is required,, but a mild purge can be given when +it is forming. Should dog be much reduced and his appetite impaired after +an abscess a short treatment-of Sergeant's or Clayton's Condition Pills will +do al ot of good. Abscesses forming :"n lung disease would discharge the +matter through the nose, also be coughed up, while in the uterus it would +be by the vagina. Other internal organs may be the seat of abscesses, but +none of these cases can be treated by the amateur, but should be intrusted +to the veterinary surgeon. + + + + +PERI-RECTAL ABSCESS. + +In a large number of cases — in fact nearly every one — of distemper, +rectal abscesses will be found. To those who do not clearly understand the +best method of handling them, we make the" following suggestions: + +Take the dog carefully between the knees and bend the tail sharply +upward. This will cause the rectum to project. With the thumb and finger +press firmly upon the projection, as if to extract the milk from a cow's +teat. Use considefable force. If there is an abscess, this will break it and +press out the pus. Be careful that the pus does not fly into the eyes. +Repeat this operation every day so long as there is pus. You will find +this is a material aid in effecting a cure. + +Abortion. — Strictly speaking, abortion means the expulsion of the +foetus before it is sufficiently matured for independent life, but applied to +the lower animals it is generally used to mean premature parturition as +well. Abortion is comparatively rare in dogs, but premature whelping, +especially just a week or so before the pups are due, is by no means un- +common. The causes of abortion and premature parturition are various. A +low diet, causing extreme paverty when the system requires extra support +for the growth of the unborn pups, and the secretion of milk for them +afterwards, is likely to cause it; and, on the other hand, a plethoric state +of the body from over-feeding and want of exercise is also a likely cause, +and very severe exercise, jumping from a height or over fences, and, what +is too common, blows or kicks on the abdomen. It may also be brought +on by drinking foul water, eating putrid food or anything likely to cause +inflammation of the bowels, violent diarrhea, and consequent straining. +Young bitches bred from before the system is matured, and old worn-out +ones, are most likely to abort. Preventive measures consist in general +attention to health, both in regard to the food and water given and the +sanitary condition of the kennel, and the permitting of regular, but not +violent, exercise, and in selecting only for breeding purposes bitches that +are matured and in vigorous health. When a bitch has had her pups +before the full time she should not be again bred from until at least one +period of oestrum has passed. + +Anaemia (Poverty of Blood) is shown by paleness of the mucous +membranes, weak and slow pulse and heart-beat, lack of energy, depression +and lassitude. As the disease progresses, the eye sinks, becoming dull, the +gait is staggering, the breathing becomes labored and wheezy, and the dog +gradually sinks. + +The causes are poor food, exhaustive demands on stud dogs, excessive +secretion of milk, and allowing bitches to suckle puppies too long. Anaemia +may also be the result of some other disease impoverishing the system, +and it is not infrequently a consequence of the dog harboring worms. Give +in small quantities and frequently the most nourishing foods — milk, flesh, +broths, etc. — pepsin porci to assist digestion, and wine of iron or syrup of +phosphates as a tonic. Sergeant's Clayton's, or Eberhart's condition pills +are a good tonic. At the same time see that the dog is warmly housed +and that he gets plenty of sunlight and fresh air. + + + + +Asphyxia. — Inability to breathe as the result of nearly drowning. In +treating never attempt to make dog swallow while in an unconscious state; +inject stimulants under the skin, such as from ten 'to twenty drops of +brandy. Dash hot and cold water over the head alternately and make the +attempt of artificial respiration as follows, when due to partial drowning: +Hold the dog up with his head downward for a minute, so as to allow the +water to run out of his lungs, then place the dog on his back, draw the +tongue out, and with the hand placed on the lower part of the chest where +the latter meets the abdomen, press downwards and forwards with some +little force, then suddenly raise the hand to allow the chest to expand. +This should be repeated every three or four seconds. + +Bladder, Inflammation of the. — The symptoms are great pain on pres- +sure over the region of the bladder; the urine passed is scant in quantity +but at frequent intervals, and evidently with great pain. It frequently comes +from a blow but is also produced by long exposure to cold or wet, and often +the result of giving too much cantharides and turpentine. Sometimes due +to stricture of the urethra (urinary passage) or calculi (stone). The +treatment consists of first giving a brisk purgative, and should this not act +it should be assisted by clysters of luke-warm water or thin gruel, or a +hot bath. The acute symptoms having passed, give 3 gr. to 5 gr. of benzoic +acid in pill form three times a day. If the urine is not freely passed the +catheter should be used in the manner detailed under heading of Paralysis +of the Bladder. When the bowels have been opened, give a dose every +six hours of the following "fever mixture." + +Powdered nitre 1 dram + +Sweet spirit of nitre 1'2 ounce + +Mindererus spirit 1 "2 ounce + +Wine of antimony 1 dram + +Tincture of digitalis y2 dram + +Water 4 ounces + +Mix. Dose for a dog, 25-lb. to 30-lb. weight, one tablespoonful every + +four hours in a little gruel. Smaller dogs not quite so much. From +50-lbs. up a tablespoonful and a half as a dose. +• + +The patient will experience relief of the parts are bathed continuously +with a warm infusion of poppy-heads, or warm water alone, care being +taken that he is not afterward exposed to cold. The clog's diet should be +light and nourishing. + +Bladder, Paralysis — of This affection is shown by the constant efforts + +of the dog to urinate and inability to do so, the water coming away in +dribbles. It may arise from stone in the bladder. A common cause is over- +distension of the bladder caused by keeping dogs where they will not +urinate. Some dogs will not do so when shut up in a room, or when on +the chain; hence the necessity, too often neglected, of taking dogs off the +benches at exhibitions at regular intervals. This compulsory retention of +urine produces spasm of the neck of the bladder, and paralysis — loss of the + + + + +necessary muscular power — follows. It may also be the result of injury to +the spine, or of debilitating disease. The effect of continued hot fomen- +tations should be tried, and if these -fail, the urine should be drawn off by +means of a catheter. Passing a catheter is a very simple matter. The +dog should be placed upon his back, and the prepuce pressed back, so as to +bring the penis into view; the catketer should then be dressed with a little +olive oil or vaseline and passed gently into the opening at the point of the +penis. This will introduce it into the bladder, when the piece of wire with +which the instrument is provided should be withdrawn. Should the urine +not flow freely, the dog can be stood upon its legs, keeping the catheter +in position. If a catheter is not at hand, pressure with both hands through +the abdominal walls in the region of the bladder, will empty it of its con- +tents. If paralysis of the hind legs is present, an assistant should raise +the body from the ground, by means of the tail, whilst the operator is press- +ing the sides. + +During convalescence give barley-water to drink, and soft nourishing +food — porridge and milk, broth and bread, etc. + +The following on this subject, is valuable: This disease occurs some- +times from keeping dogs of very clean habits shut up, with no opportunity +to relieve themselves. The bladder becomes overdistended, paralyzing the +parts. It may also be the result of a general paralysis following an injury +to the spine, the brain or some part of the nervous system. The dog at first +is unable to pass water and later it dribbles from him. The first thing +to do is to relieve the bladder. If there is no mechanical obstruction this +can be done by pressure over the walls of the abdomen. If this fails, a +catheter must be passed; in fact, it is the safest thing to do, for when an +attempt is made to empty he bladder by applying force from the outsir.e +there is danger of rupturing the parts. The catheter for a small dog +should be No. 00, for terriers No. 1, for setters and pointers No. 2. In +the event of a small gravel lodging in the passage, it is usually removed +by carefully passing a small grooved silver probe. To tone up the bladder, +nux vomica is the mast useful drug. The dose is from one to seven drops +of the tincture three times a day in a teaspoonful of water given "after feed- +ing. + +Bleeding From the Stomach The vomiting of blood is not of ordinary + +occurrence and may be the result of many causes. If due to a recent. in- +jury or breaking down of the tissues, it will be bright red in color, if the +blood is coming from the vens it will be of darker hue, and if it has re- +mained in the stomach some time it will be of coffee color. In treating give +the stomach at least twenty-four hours' rest or feed only milk and water, +and every three hours give from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful of the +following: Tincture thalaspi twenty-four drops, liquor bismuth one-half +ounce. Water to make three ounces. + +BOILS — + +These are similar to the boils in human beings and are due to the +same causes, that is, they indicate either a poverty of the system and a gen- +eral weakness, or they may be the result of plethora and too much blood. + + + + +They also follow diseases like distemper and are not uncommonly induced +by worms. Boils are very painful and make the dog cross. They appear, +usually, where the skin is thinnest. Their first appearance is in the form +of small red swellings, which enlarge, become hot and painful and even- +tually break and discharge their contents. They usually appear on the +inside of the thighs and bellies of young puppies when suffering with dis- +temper or worms. If accompanying distemper they should not be treated, +but at other times the proper thing to do is to reform the diet, give more +green food, bathe oftener, exercise more and when the boils are soft and +ripe open them with a sharp knife and dress with an antiseptic solution. + +Blood, Poverty of the. — See Anaemia. + +Bites. — A great injustice is done to a great many dogs by the old say- +ing that "dogs delight to bark and bite," for there are very many that do +not delight in either, but are to the contrary, properly behaved dogs in this +respect. Some clogs do, however, but generally in self defense, or at sup- +posed call of duty. Should your dog get bitten, wash the wound with tepid +water, press out any blood, and pour a little of friar's balsam, or compound +tincture of myrh on it. + +Since the above was written, I was bitten on the left hand in fourteen +places, by a Bulldog I was showing in the ring, at the 1916 dog show at +Louisville, Ky., State Fair, really the worst chewing up I ever got. Was +taken to the hospital near the dog show. The doctor washed the hand, +then dressed it with tincture of Iodine, and then applied a healing salve +called "Unguentine," (to be had at any drug store), repeating this daily +while show lasted, and I done the same for a week after home. The hand +wrapped with cotton and bandage, and the result was my hand got entirely +well. I will just mention, however, that the poor dog, after home, as at +the show, where for some cause he suddenly went off his base, continued +here to be crazy, did not try again to bite me (we were friends), but +did bite every dog he got at here, and suddenly died three days later, +being buried by me in my back yard, under an apple tree — and I miss +poor "Wrinks." I find that many doctors now use tincture of Iodine, +the first thing, on a bite or wound, in place of cauterizing, and I strongly +advise doing so, and then the salve. The first thing to do if you are +bitten, is to suck the bite, if on any part of your body you can get at with +your mouth, and spit this out, which abstracts any poison — if any poison, +from the bite. Don't be afraid of a dog's bite, don't get scared, the only +danger is, a small percentage of blood poison setting in, but if your own +blood is in good condition there is no danger. "Wrinks" case, with almost +every veterinarian, would have been a sure case of rabies, but as I don't +believe in this, I am yet here writing this article. + +Instead of cauterizing a bite, which always makes a nasty looking +wound, I much prefer to use the tincture of Iodine (using a small brush), +or if this is not on hand, then apply Peroxyde of Hydrogen, which will +do all the cauterizing will do. + +Should your dog be bitten by a strange dog and any suspicion exists of +so-called rabies in the strange dog, immediately use the tincture of Iron, + + + + +or Peroxyde of Hydrogen, and isolate the dog until the time has passed +for any fear of hydrophobia developing. This advice is given to those +who believe in the so-termed hydrophobia, and you are referred now to +Rabies, where I give fully my own belief on this subject, as well as the +ideas of others. In case there is a tear, it may be necessary to bandage +or draw together with a few stitches of silk thread. + +Bowels, Inflammation of (Enteritis; Peritonitis). — This is so ably +treated by Dalziel, and by experience I know it to be good, that I here re- +produce his article in full. The best plan, however, is to at once send for +a veterinarian, providing you have one who understands or has made a +specialty of treating dogs — anyhow, get the best one in your locality and +don't stop to think of what it will cost, for you owe it to your dog to help +him out of his trouble if such a thing is possible: + +"The severity and very dangerous charcter of this disease in the dog +is such that perhaps the very best advice that can be given to the amateur +who finds his valuable dog attacked by it is, send for a qualified veterinary +surgeon without delay. The owner may, however, he possessed of sufficient +self-confidence as to wish to try his own skill in treating the disease, or +the animal may not be considered of sufficient value to incure the expense +of employing a professional man, although there may be every desire to +save the animal's life; and if I can help in any such commendable endeavor +without encouraging useless and ignorant experiments at the cost of torture +to the dog, I shall feel that I have been of some little service. Whatever +course is determined on, whether home treatment or the calling in of pro- +fessional aid, the decision should not be taken till the symptoms have been +carefully and minutely observed, and the greatest attention must be paid +to them, else there is every fear of the amateur confounding it with and +treating it as colic, a disease which, although strongly resembling inflamma- +tion in some of its symptoms, differs widely in others, and requires totally +different treatment. Colic, if neglected or if wrongly treated, may, and +frequently does, end in inflammation, but it is in itself a distinct ailment, +and the same remark equally applies to constipation or obstruction of the +bowels. As inflammation of the bowels or enteritis is one of the most fatal +diseases to which the dog is liable — frequently carrying him off very quick- +ly— no half measures will do for it; but, having ascertained clearly from +the prevailing symptoms that the disease is actually present, remedial meas- +ures must be adopted with promptitude and energy. The main causes of the +disease are irregular or improper diet, or it may be irritation caused by the +dog having swallowed some hard indegestible substance; exposure to cold +and wet may produce it, and it is sometimes the result of ill-usage, such as +a kick. + +"Inflamation of the bowels may be distinguished from colic in being +more gradual in its approach, and is always ushered in by general feverish- +ness; the nose is hot and dry, the eyes red and inflamed, and the whole +countenance is expressive of great anxiety; shivering fits occur, the belly is +hard and distended, and in the surface hot to the touch; the urine is gener- +ally scanty and high colored. As in colic, when standing, the back is arched, +the feet are drawn in toward each other, and the tail is tightly tucked be- + + + + +tween the legs, or the clog may steal into a quiet corner, stretch his legs +out before and behind, and crouch with his belly on the ground, probably +finding temporary relief by bringing it in contact with the cold floor or +ground; the dOg may, at the same time, be observed to frequently turn an +anxious face toward his flanks. + +"Another safe and pretty certain way of distinguishing between enteri- +tis and simple obstruction or colic is by pressing the hand along the belly; +in the latter disease, especially colic, the rubbing gives relief, whereas in +inflammation it evidently causes acute pain; the cry of pain given by the +dog in this disease is shorter and sharper than the rather prolonged howl +in colic, but to distinguish by this symptom would require finer discrimi- +nation than can be reasonably expected from the comparatively inexper- +ienced, for whom I presume to write. I may here mention the fact that +enteritis is very commonly a complication of that 'scorge of the kennel/ +distemper, and this fact alone sufficiently shows the folly of trusting to- +any single medicine, pill, powder, potion, or any so-called specific whatever +for the cure of that disease. The treatment proper in the disease under' +consideration consists in getting the bowels relieved as speedily as possi- +ble by the mildest means that can be used, constipation being generally +present; for this purpose the use of clysters every fifteen minutes, as recom- +mended in obstruction of the bowels, should be resorted to, and the in- +jections must be used gently and with as little fuss and annoyance to the +patient as possible. When the clysters begin to take effect, the evacuation +of the bowels should be assisted by a dose of castor oil. From six to +twelve leeches, according to the size and strength of the dog, should be +applied to the belly, and after they have filled themselves the bleeding +from the bites may be encouraged by bathing the whole surrounding parts +freely and continuously with warm water. Many of- the best writers on +dogs recommend giving calomel and opium combined, and it may appear- +presumptuous in me to offer a contrary opinion, but experientia docet. I +have given calomel to dogs in this disease and many others, but I do not +think I ever once gave it without making the patient worse; so I have +long discarded it, in the firm belief that it is not a medicine at all suited +to the dog, and I am quite certain from my own experience, and feel sure +the best veterinarians will bear me out, that the abusive use of calomel +and other forms of mercury, given too often in immense and poisonous +doses to the dog, by country- farriers and others ignorant of its properties, +and who work by the rule of thumb, is not infrequently the cause of +inflammation of the bowels. Instead of calomel, I have in several cases +used the following with excellent effect: + +Take true James' Powder 3 grains + +Powdered Opium 14 grain + +In one ppwder. Give every two hours till three are given; large- +sized dogs require double that dose. + +"If happily the dog gets over the attack, with signs of returning health +great weakness will be evident, and this must be met by good nursing and +a generous, but easily assimilated, diet. Beef tea, thickened, with bread, + + + + +rice, etc., will answer well. The diet must be so varied as to keep the +bowels open without the use of medicine." + +When well on the road to health great progress will be accelerated by +giving Eberhart's Tonic Pills for twenty to thirty days. They contain no +"dope," (unlike many others), make the dog eat, and get him back to +health, flesh, and spirits. + +To allay the pain, give 5 gr. to 10 gr. of chloral, with 5 to 30 drops +of tincture of opium; also apply hot flannels to the abdomen. + +The following treatise on this trouble was written especially for this +book by Dent, and I consider it, also, very valuable: + +"An affection of the small intestines. This disease is of the most +dangerous character and unfortunately prevalent. It will carry off a dog +in a few hours, and in its treatment there is always danger of its being +confounded with common colic, which is, as a rule, not fatal. The diseases +can be distinguished from each other as follows: + +Colic comes on quickly and is relieved by rubbing the stomach — the +pain is more intense and spasmodic. + +Enteritis comes on more slowly with greater general depression, the +pain is continuous and is increased by rubbing the stomach. + +Causes. — The common cause of inflammation of the small intestines +is the feeding of an improper diet, the indigestible substances setting up +an irritation that inflames the delicate lining of the bowels. Cold, ex- +posure, wet, blows, kicks, or anything that will injure the small intestines. +The parts affected in this disease are also causes. This disease is also a +common complication of distemper. + +Symptoms. — This disease is always ushered in by feverishness, the +eyes are red and swollen, nose hot and dry, mouth sticky, the belly is hard, +tense and hot to the touch, the patient has frequent shivering fits, and the +countenance is most expressive of pain and anxiety. The animal will steal +away into some corner and stretch itself out on the floor so as to bring +the belly next to the cool floor or ground, and in this way may be relieved, +turning his head every few moments and look at its flanks. When stand- +ing the tail is tucked between its legs, all four feet are drawn in toward +each other, and the back is arched. + +Treatment. — Warm comfortable quarters are of the first importance, +and a thick woolen jacket carefully padded and adjusted over the belly, +chest and flanks will protect the parts and give relief. In all stages of +the disease it is of the utmost importance that the bowels be relieved of +their irritating contents. + +Give injections of lukewarm water and castile soap — or thin oatmeal +water containing one ounce of glycerine — until the lower bowels are emp- +tied. + +Then give a dose of olive oil and castor oil, in equal parts, to which +can be added from 10 to 20 drops of laudanum for each ounce of the oils, +so as to relieve the pain. + +One ounce of this combination of oils can be given as a dose to a 40-lb. +dog. Smaller dogs less in proportion to size. + + + + +"After the bowels have been opened to further allay the pain give to a +40-lb. dog from 5 to 10 grains of chloral with from 5 to 30 drops of the +tincture of opium, as often as necessary. The diet and feeding must be +carefully looked to. The food must be soft, semi-liquid, bland and unir- +ritating, fed only a small quantity at a time, and three grains of pepsin +given after each meal. + +"Drink must be allowed only in very small quantities. Milk with the +addition of lime water is excellent. If there is a tendency to vomit give the +subnitrate of bismuth in 5 to 10 grain doses, three times a day. When +the dog begins to recover from the disease the proportion of solid food +can be increased, and a good tonic condition pill will facilitate convales- +cence and build up the patient." + +Eberhart's tonic pills, or Clayton's, or Sergeant's condition pills, would +new be of great benefit, used for a few weeks. + +Back Stiffness Usually the result of old age, chronic rheumatism or + +lumbago, but sometimes the result of sprains, a blow or other injury, such as +bt ing run over across the back. The patient in most cases walks with +difficulty or may start out all right and in the best of spirits, but before +going far begins to lag, loses its spirits and drops its tail. In most cases +there is pain evidenced upon pressure being applied to the back. In +other cases the patent can walk very well, but is unable to jump. Treat- +ment consists of absolute rest and the use of a good liniment, the follow- +ing being recommended: Tincture of hyoscyamus one-half ounce, chloroform +one-half ounce, spirits of camphor one ounce, soap liniment one ounce. +The parts should be massaged and this liniment applied with gentle friction +twice a day. It is also advisable to give a dose of aperient medicine and +tu feed on a light diet. + +Bad Breath.- — This disgusting condition is due to a variety of causes, +chief among them being a disordered stomach, the result of worms or in- +digestion, and a diseased condition of the teeth, which is more or less +dependent upon the condition of the stomach. Diseases of the lungs, as +well as a catarrhal condition of the nasal passages, also affect the breath. +Remove the cause; that is, if the stomach is out of order treat for worms +and use a good condition pill until the digestive processes are normal. If +the teeth are covered with tartar remove it by scaling with a small scraper, +such as dentists use, and then clean with an ordinary tooth brush and +dental powder. If the breath remains bad after the teeth have been cleaned +and the stomach toned up, give twice a day for a week two to ten grains of +salol. If there is a catarrhal discharge from the nostrils add a teaspoon- +ful of salt to a ten-ounce bottle of water and syringe out the nostrils twice +a day with the solution. + +Balanatis. — This disease is not of common occurrence and consists +of a purulent discharge from the prepuce. In treating, the general health +should be given attention and the diet carefully regulated. Cleanliness of +surroundings is also important. Feed good dog cakes, with milk, and little +or no meat. Internally give Fowler's solution of arsenic in doses of from + + + + +two to fifteen drops three times a day after feeding. Cleanse the parts +with tepid water, which should he injected into the prepuce with a syringe, +and then syringe out the prepuce with a solution of nitrate of silver one +grain to the ounce of water, or use a saturated solution of boracic acid. +In some severe cases the base of the penis is diseased, and it should be +exposed and painted with a four per cent solution of nitrate of silver twice +a week. + +Bruises Where there is much swelling, bathe with warm water for + +an hour, dry well and rub in the following: + +Liniment for Sprains, Bruises, Etc. — Take equal parts of spirits of +turpentine, liquid ammonia (not the strongest), laudanum and rape oil. Mix +to iorm liniment. If skin is broken, touch the wound with tincture of ben- +zoin and rub the liniment all around, but not into the broken skin. + +Burns and Scalds. — Mix equal parts of linseed oil and lime water and +apply freely as soon as possible after the accident. A severe burn or scald +is sure to be a blemish for life, and if severe often gives a violent shock +to the system, and symptoms of illness arising from it should be observed +and treated according to circumstances. Apply the above oil direct to +the wound alone, and at once cover thickly with cotton wool to exclude +the air from the bladders formed. On removing the dressing prick the +bladders with a needle, smooth them down gently, re-apply the dressing, +taking care that no hairs are left on the sore places. + +Burns. — May be due to contact with fire, but more frequently it is +boiling water that has caused the injury. In some cases the skin is +scorched and the hair frizzled, but the hair roots are not destroyed and a +new growth soon reappears. In other cases the tissues of the skin are +destroyed, the hair roots killed and a large blister forms, which, usually, +goes through a stage of suppuration and then heals, leaving a smooth, +white, glistening scar on which the hair never grows. If the skin is only +scorched apply three or four times a day the common lime water and linseed +oil lotion, composed of one part of lime water to two parts of linseed oil. +This relieves the pain, protects the parts from the air and in a few days +the patient is all right. In those cases where the skin has been burned +deeply the parts should be coated with boracic ointment. After the +blister breaks there is nothing better than boracic ointment to apply to +the raw surfaces. It should be laid on thickly and protected by lint or +absorbent cotton, kept in place by a bandage. The dressing should be +repeated three times a day. + +Baldness — Smooth-coated toy dogs are often seen with hardly any +coat. Black and tan toy terriers especially, due to in-and-in breeding. It +can also be the result of. deficient nutritive functions and debility. Rub +the bare places with an ointment made of — + +Tincture Cantharides 2 drams + +Vaseline . . : 3 ounces + +Quinine 2 y2 grains + + + + +This is a good hair grower, but here is where Eberhart's Skin Remedy +will surely do the work; never failing as a hair grower. Clayton's will do +the same thing. + +"Blain — Is a name given to a vesicular swelling of the tongue along +the sides and underneath. It comes on suddenly, is most frequent in spring +and summer, and appears to be epidemic, many cases occurring in the +same neighborhood at the same time; it has not been shown to be contagious, +and, although it is not a fatal disease, it is a very troublesome one. + +"The symptoms appear without warning and apparently without cause. +The first thing generally observed is a considerable increase in the flow +of saliva, which dribbles from the mouth. The breath is foetid, and on +examination the tongue will be found considerably swollen, while if the +disease has lasted any time there will be observed large livid vesicles, which +rupture, leaving ulcers; these ultimately assume a gangrenous form and +discharge foetid matter tinged with blood." + +The above description of Blain (malignant sore mouth) I quote from +Dalziel. + +I have never had a case of this trouble, which is not often found in +dogs. The following was written on' this trouble by Dr. C. L. Thulichum +for Forest and Stream, and it is through their courtesy that I publish it: + +"Causes of this trouble are conjectural, the disease is most prevalent +in the spring and summer, and more frequently found in the southern than +in the northern latitudes. I do not -know of any authority who assigns any +particular cause for this trouble, and although I can not say with any +certainty myself, I have, however, noted the following conditions, +and they may be supposable causes, but I do not wish to go on record +as asserting that they are the actual causes, as they are simply deductions +of my own. + +"I was located in the South in practice some years ago, when I first +saw a case of this trouble in the dog. At that time I had on my hands +several cases of anthrax or Texas fever in cattle. I noted that whenever +I found a case of this trouble in the dog I could also by inquiry find that +in the neighborhood some one had not long before lost a cow from the cow +disease, as they called it. As the dogs were allowed, in that section, to +run at large, and as a dog is, when at large, more or less of a scavenger, I +concluded that either the dog affected had found the carcass of the cow +that had died and been buried and dug himself up a meal from her, or +that following that very desirable habit that most dogs are possessed of, +rolling in carrion, he had taken a roll in this filth, and then in licking him- +self afterward, had thus infected his mouth with the disease. This as- +sumption may be entirely wrong, but I give it for what it is worth and it +is the most common sense cause that I can give for the disease in the section +in which I met it. The English authorities do not assign any cause, simply +saying that the attack often begins without any apparent or previous illness, +which is so; the attack is apparently sudden, your dog seems well today +and ^ tomorrow has a very sore mouth. + +"Symptoms. — Dog may be a little listless for a day or two, which may +not be noticed. Next and noticeable symptom is that he wants to drink a + + + + +great deal of water and drools saliva from the corners of the mouth; +tongue is enlarged and thickened. You look into the mouth and find it +covered on its sides and under surface with large vesicles of a red or livid +color, which may end in irregular and even gangrenous ulcers; the breath +is extremely offensive and discharge of salvia very great; dog will not eat +and apparently can not swallow, but this is a mistake — he can, but won't, +owing to the great soreness of the mouth. If the disease is not checked +now it passes on to the bowels and the dog dies with severe bloody dis- +charges. + +Treatment. — There is only one that I have ever found necessary, and if +you get at the dog promptly before the bowel trouble commences I believe +you will affect a cure in every case; at least I have. + +"G-et an ounce of the tincture of sanquinaria canadensis at your drug- +gist's and a camel's hair throat pencil or swab on wire. Paint the inside of +the mouth and tongue where affected with this, morning and night, and +give a tablet of bichloride of mercury, one-hundredth of a grain, three +times a day internally. Feed nothing but milk for several days after +cure is effected. Buttermilk is one of the finest adjuncts to a cure. You +watch the dog closely and don't give him too much water, not until he +suffers from the lack of it, but so that he will be thirsty enough to drink the +buttermilk when you hand it to him. Have it as cold as possible and give +him a soup plate full three times a day; one day sweet milk, the next but- +termilk. After he is well, feed him for some time boiled rice and milk and +buttermilk and bring him gradually on to his regular feed. + +The above treatment I have found to put the mouth in such shape +that the dog will take nourishment after the first twenty-four hours, and +after that he will steadily improve, and four or five days sees the mouth +entirely healed except that it is still tender to solid food. To a dog the +size of a setter or hound you can give as high as a fiftieth of a grain at a +dose of the bichloride of mercury; to pups and smaller breeds one-hun- +dredth of a grain is enough, and in fact I confine myself to this dose with +all. sized dogs under St. Bernards or mastiffs, as it is quite as effective in +the smaller dose as in the larger." + +Brain, Inflammation of the (Meningitis). — The meingess, the mem- +branes enveloping the brain, are liable to inflammation. Symptoms are +great drowsiness, with sudden spasmodic movements of the muscles of the +head and chest during sleep. The disease is often produced by fits. In this +and other brain troubles there is a disposition to walk in circles, always to +one side, and the sight is so affected that the dog runs against obstacles. +Treatment by the amateur is of no avail; call in a good veterinarian or +your family doctor. + +Blisters — See general remarks under heading of Medical Terms. + +Boils. — This term, being in common use, is well understood. Boils +are not very common on the dog; when they appear a poultice of some +kind should, if practicable, be kept constantly applied, in order to bring +the boil quickly to a head, when it should be opened with a lancet, the +matter well squeezed out of it, the part well washed with tepid water, and +then dressed with the following ointment: Turner's Cerate (Ceratum cala- +mine), 1 oz.; precipitated chalk and glycerine, and carbolic acid, each 2 +dr.; mixed. If bicarbonate of soda — dose, ten grains for a 30 lb. dog — be +given three times a day it will check the tendency to form boils. Smaller +toy dogs use five-grain doses, large breeds fifteen-grain doses. + +Blotch. — When dogs are affected with blotch, (Acute Eczema), in- +flamed patches are observed on various parts of the body; these discharge +thin mattery fluid, which forms a scab, matting the hair together, which +in a few days falls off, leaving bare patches moist from the exuded fluid. +These will appear in a night, and need cause no alarm whatever. Use for +a few days, 'till the spots are dried up, a powder of equal parts of Boric +Acid, bismuth sub nit, and oxide of zinc. Dust this well in on the in- +flamed patches twice a day. After dried up then use Eberhart's skin +remedy twice a day, and it will bring the hair back in due time. + +Here is a good lotion that you can have made if you haven't my skin +remedy on hand: + +Lotion for Blotch. — Take carbolic acid and glycerine (British Phar- +macopoeia), 1 oz.; laudanum, 2 oz.; water, iy2 pts.; carbonate of potash, +2 drs. It should be applied over the whole surface of the skin affected +twice a day. + +A bath or two, except in cold weather, will facilitate a cure, using +Eberhart's, or some good dog soap, warm water to which add a teaspoonful +of carbonate of soda, and the dog afterwards very carefully dried. + +Of course, the kennel must be examined, any defective sanitary arrange- +ments altered, and thorough cleanliness insisted on. The dog's bedding +should be changed at least every other day, and the proper use of dis- +infectants in and about the kennel are of great use. + +Breeding, To Prevent. — To prevent a bitch from breeding after she +has gone astray, accidentally been bred, wash out the womb with a strong +solution of alum and water, using the ordinary syringe with the female +point adjusted. The sooner this is done after the act of coition the better. +It will often prove successful, especially if the bitch is in the early stages +of oestrum. A fairly strong solution of Condy's Fluid, with 5 gr. of sul- +phate of zinc to each ounce, has also been successfully employed. + +Another, and very sure thing I have found is, as soon as they are +loose, have syringe ready, filled with pure cider vinegar, say half a tea- +cup, hold bitch's hind parts up and inject this in the vagina. The super- +matazoa can not live in any acid solution. The injection should be quickly +done, after they are apart. + +Bronchocele. — This is an enlargement of the thyroid glands, the prin- +cipal cartilage of the larynx. See Goitre. + +Bronchitis. — This is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes or wind +pipes that convey the air to the lungs, the upper portion called the larynx. +It is caused by exposure to damp and cold, neglecting a common cold, of + + + + +being kenneled where foul emanations are breathed. Excessive barking, +as dogs often do at their first bench show, will cause a slight inflammation +of the larynx. When the larger air pipes are only affected, the cough +is a short, dry, intermittent one at first, but in a few days it becomes more +frequent and moist, mucus is discharged from the nose and coughed up as +well. When the smaller brancnes are attacked the cough is more severe, +there is a constant wheezing, and frothy matter tinged with blood is ex- +pectorated; the breath is hot, mouth and nose dry and hot, the tongue +is parched, the pulse is weak and considerably increased, eyes are red +and inflamed, the discharge from the nose becoming thick and copious, and +the dog suffers from violent sneezing. + +Treatment. — Put the dog in a room tolerably warm, one with a fire in +it is best, where a tea-kettle is kept boiling, as the steam thus distributed +throughout the room is very beneficial, but ventilation is also essential. +A room with a fireplace in it would insure this. Give the dog one dose +of from three to five grains of true James' Powder. As a mild laxative, +give a dose of castor oil. For food, give broths or porridge, with -bits of +boiled liver added. + +Where there is an accumulation of phlegm, and the animal endeavors +to dislodge it, dive a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful of ipecacuanha +wine to act as an emetic. This will greatly relieve the patient. If the +cough is troublesome, give from a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful of the +following twice a day: + +Liquor morphise mur 2 drams + +Spirit of ether sulp. co 2 drams + +Tincture of camphor co 3 drams + +Ipecacuanha wine 1 dram + +Water to make 3 ounces + +Or 3 gr. to 5 gr. of benzoic aid will relieve the cough. Apply hot linseed +poultices to the chest and sides, and always place a coat upon the dog. A +woolen cloth or blanket will do for this, covering his chest and around his +body two-thirds towards rear, fastened with safety pins. + +The following medicine, in the form of a thin electuary, should then +be administered to the patient every three hours: + +Electuary for Bronchitis and Sore Throat: + +Chlorate of potash 3 drams + +Wine of ipecacuanha 3 drams + +Tincture of opium 2 drams + +Powdered licorice root % ounce + +Powdered gum acacia % ounce + +Honey 1 ounce + +Vinegar of squills y2 ounce + +Mix and give to small dogs, up to 2 5-lb. weight, half a teaspoonful +every three hours, and to large dogs a teaspoonful as a dose. Shake bottle + + + + +well before giving, as these ingredients have a tendency to separate. It +should be placed well back on the tongue and should be swallowed gradually. +Is is sometimes advisable to blister the throat and front of the chest, +and in most cases a good rubbing with a strong stimulative liniment will +be of service. Vinegar and mustard may be used, or the following mixed: + +Spirits of turpentine 1 y2 ounce + +Oil of origanum 1 ounce + +Tincture of cantharides \'2 ounce + +Spirit of hartshorn 1 ounce + +Rape oil 2 ounces + +Bronchitis often assumes a chronic form, especially in old dogs, when +the cough is husky and constant, retching and discharge of phlegm, the +breathing short and thick, and the dog is incapable of much exertion. +Chronic cases are incurable, but alleviation can be given when it is unusually +bad by giving a desertspoonful to a tablespoonful, according to size of dog, +of equal parts of oxymel of squills and thick mucilage of acacia several +times a day. + +Another veterinarian advises as follows: + +"This trouble is of frequent occurrence and is due to an inflammation +of the air passage leading down into the body of the lung, and may be the +result of a cold or chill or the breathing of smoke or novious vapors. The +symptoms are more or less difficulty in breathing, severe and constant +coughing and the accumulation of phlegm in the windpipe. In bad cases +the patient will not lie down, but sits with the forelegs braced and the +chest expanded. In treating place in a room comfortably warm without +being overheated, and moisten the air by keeping a kettle going. If the +throat is so full of phlegm that breathing is difficult give an emetic of the +wine of ipecac in doses of a half to two teaspoonfuls, repeated in one +hour, if necessary. After the stomach is erupted and the patient has quieted +use the following mixture: Paragoric six drams, Hoffman's spirits two +drams, ipecacuanha wine one dram, syrum of squills one ounce, water to +make three ounces. The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful every +four or six hours. Keep the bowels open by occasional doses of aperient +medicine and repeat the emetic if the breathing has not improved in forty- +eight hours, and after the acute stage of the disease has passed and the +cough is better give cod liver oil emulsion. Feed on milk,, meat broths and +soup during the early stages of the disease, and as the severe symptoms +abate meat may be given. + +Bronchitis (Chronic Husk) This condition is the result of a more + +or less chronic thickening of the membranes lining the air passages, so that +the dog is in apparent good health with the exception of a hard, dry, husky +cough that is brought on by any excitement or exertion, and is usually +worse in the morning and at night. These attacks of coughing end usually + + + + +in a retching and gagging, as if vomiting or expelling a piece of phlegm +from the throat. Give aperient medicine so as to keep the bowels open +and use the following mixture: Tincture of nux vomica thirty drops, syrup +of squills one ounce, water to make three ounces; dose from half a tea- +spoonful to a tablespoonful three times a day after feeding, the first for +a toy, the second for a St. Bernard or one of the larger breeds. If the +cough is very severe give from fifteen drops to a teaspoonful of glyco- +heroin in water. Feed underdone meat, raw eggs, gelatine or any easily +digested food that will not distend the stomach unduly, as a distension of +the stomach brings pressure on the chest and aggravates the condition." + +Bowels (Intussusception). — This trouble is of more frequent occur- +rence in puppies than old dogs. It is the result of the bowel telescoping +upon itself. By careful manipulation of the abdomen it can be located by +a long, hard swelling. The patient suffers much pain and usually whines +and cries pitifully. The other symptoms are diarrhea, with blood-tinged +mucus, and in the early stages vomiting. Intussusception is due to a variety +of causes, such as worms, indigestion and colic, or the eating of hard +substances, but as indigestion, colic and the abnormal appetite that causes +dogs to eat indigestible and irritating matter are more or less the result +of the presence of worms, the latter must be accepted as the primary +cause. The importance of treating for them frequently is therefore ap- +parent. In treating mild cases that have not progressed far give from +one to five drops of laudanum 'every three hours in a teaspoonful of milk. +One drop is the correct dose for a puppy two to three months old of the +toy breeds and five drops is the dose for the large breeds of the age men- +tioned. Feed only liquid food — milk or beef tea. If there is not a decided +improvement in the puppy's condition in twenty-four hours an operation +should be resorted to. In the early stages it is nearly always successful +and the puppy receives immediate relief. If it is postponed the operation +is more difficult, on account of the inflammation, and the bowels cannot +be so easily straightened. The patient should fast for twenty-four hours +following the operation, after which for a few days administer only liquids. + +Breasts (Inflammation) . — This painful condition usually attacks bitches +while nursing their puppies, the abscesses that are liable to form at other +times being generally of slower growth and not accompanied by systemic +disturbance. The milk gland in acute cases is swollen, hard and red and +very painful, and the elevation of temperature indicates the formation of +pus. After two or three days the swelling becomes softer, comes to a +point, breaks and freely discharges. If the bitch is nursing it is necessary +usually to remove the puppies and feed them by hand or turn them +over to a foster-mother, the mother meanwhile being milked two or three +times a day. The swellings should be poulticed with flaxseed until they +are soft, and then lanced. As a rule they do not require any other treat- +ment, for their dependent position insures free drainage. It is advisable +to keep the patient's bowels open with a dose of aperient medicine. + +Biliousness. — Symptoms are vomiting in the morning of frothy yellow + + + + +bile, usually after eating grass, an unusual thirst, sometimes a diarrhoea, +refusal of food, and in some cases the eyes and mouth and skin take on +a yellow cast. For treatment first give a dose of castor oil, so as to keep +the bowels open and remove the excess of bile. If there is much nausea +and sickness of the stomach give carbonate of bismuth. A dose of from +two to twelve grains simply should be placed on the tongue and the mouth +held for a moment until it is swallowed. If this does not give good results +use the following prescription: Diluted hydrocyanic acid twenty drops, +liquor bismuth one ounce, water to make six ounces. The dose is from +a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful every three hours. In most of these +cases giving the stomach a complete rest will do more good than anything +in the way of drugs. In some cases good results follow the use of small +doses of quinine or the extract of taraxacum. + +Bed Sores Large, unhealthy-looking sores frequently form on the + +hips, points of the buttocks, shoulders and other parts of dogs which have +suffered from severe illness. Success in treatment depends upon protect- +ing the parts affected from further injury. First clean the parts with a +warm, saturated solution of boracic acid, then dry carefully with soft linen +rags and dust with powdered boracic acid and iodoform in equal parts; +encircle the injured parts with a ring of felt, kept in position with adhesive +tape. + +Bladder (irritable). — These cases as a rule require the attention of +a veterinary, as the irritation may be set up by a variety of causes, not +the least of which is a stone in the bladder. The common symptom of +bladder trouble is constant straining, even when indoors; in other cases, +not so bad, there is frequent micturition of high-colored, cloudy, strong- +smelling urine. The presence of blood, as a rule, is an indication of calcu- +lus, or stone. Sometimes the blood comes mixed with the urine, and in +other cases it comes in drops after the passing of water. In those cases +where the stone becomes fixed in the pasage, and the dog is incapable of +micturition, no time should be lost in calling in a good veterinary sur- +geon. If there is not much pain a course of treatment with the hyposul- +phite of soda is all that is necessary, the dose being from three to twenty +grains, diluted in water and administered three times a day before feeding. +If there is much pain, give the tincture of hyoscyamus in dose of from +two to fifteen drops in water every three hours. Feed on milk, barley wa- +ter and dog cakes. + +Broken Bones. — It can be ascertained that a bone of the leg is broken +by taking hold of the limb above the supposed fracture and moving the +lower portion against it, when a grating or crackling of the broken ends +against each other will be felt or heard. The treatment consists in ad- +justing the fractured parts to their natural form, and applying splints to +keep the parts set. Splints may be made of strips of gutta percha, softened +in warm water and moulded to fit the limb, or pieces of thin wood may be +cut the required size and well padded with wadding. The splints can be +kept in place by binding evenly with light cotton bandages, which, pre- + + + + +vious to application, have been smeared with the following preparation +whilst warm: Take Venice turpentine, Burgundy pitch, equal parts; melt +and smear over the bandage whilst hot. If much swelling occurs, it will +be necessary to slacken the bandages, and, in most cases, it will be requisite +to muzzle the dog to prevent him tearing off the splints. Perfect rest will +be required, and the general health attended to. The time it will take +for the bones to unite is uncertain, but always tedious. + +Unless you feel capable of handling the case properly yourself you had +better call in a verterinarian or your family physician. Your druggist could +do this in case neither the veterinarian or doctor could be had. + +Bowels, Obstruction of the (Constipation or Costiveness) — Dogs kept + +in the house and not exercised sufficiently, or improperly fed, are particularly +liable to constipation. Bones, while excellent and almost necessary to a +dog's health, yet an excessive use of them is to be avoided, also any one +kind of dry food, and no dog should be kept constantly on one kind of food, +as want of exercise and the absence of necessary variety in the food are +the principal causes of constipation. + +When looked upon as a disease itself, or as a symptom and attendant +on other diseases, it is always troublesome and often becomes dangerous. +The feces accumulate and get pressed into hardened lumps, the belly is +distended and hard, the colic pains occur, driving the dog almost frantic +and causing him to run about blindly, stumbling over different obstacles +in this way, and to give utterance every now and the nto sharp howls of +pain. All this pain and misery that the poor dog has to suffer in nearly +every case, is the result of neglect of proper rules which every dog owner +should, in common justice to the dog, be acquainted with and observe. But +the evil does not end here, for it is the too common practice to rush into +one of commission quite as great or greater — namely, the common practice +in constipation of resorting to strong purgatives, such as epsom salts, jalop, +calomel, etc., the consequence of giving which is to render the evil worse +by forcing the feces into still less compass when it becomes more impacked +and hardened than before. The proper course to follow is, when the dog +is in great pain, administer a dose of the anti-spasmodic drops. Compound +spirits of sulphuric ether and tincture of opium (laudanum) equal parts. +Mix and keep in a well-stoppered bottle in a cool place. The dose for a +20-lb. to 30-lb. dog would be a small teaspoonful given in about two +tablespoonfuls of milk, gruel or other liquid. Success in relieving the pa- +tient is best obtained by mechanical means. Clysters of thin oatmeal gruel +or soap and water, lukewarm, and containing about one ounce of castor +oil in each half pint, must be used continuously for some time, in fact till +the desired object has been attained. This end will be greatly facili- +tated by first introducing the finger, oiled, into the rectum, and removing as +much of the hard lumps of feces as can be reached. Assistance will also +be given to the action of the clysters by gently pressing or kneading the +belly at intervals with the hand. It is necessary that everything should +be done with the greatest gentleness; boisterous conduct and rough hand- +ling being likely to alarm the patient and cause him to do himself irre- + + + + +parable injury- When the lower bowels have been emptied follow it +up by giving the dog a strong dose of Podophyllin pills: + +Podolphylln 6 grains + +Compound extract of colocynth 30 grains + +Powdered rhubarb 48 grains + +Extract of henbane 36 grains + +Mix and divide into twenty-four pills. The dose is from one-half to +two pills, according to age and size, and it is advisable to give the dog a little +warm broth after the pill to assist in its action. + +The use of purgatives must not be resorted to, to prevent a recurrence +of the disease. The system of management must be altered, the dog must +have daily exercise, the food must be varied and embrace a portion of +boiled green vegetables at least every second or third day. For a week +or so after the attack rather sloppy food should be given, such as welf- +boiled porridge and milk, or broth, and an occasional meal of boiled liver +will act as a gentle laxative. + +Worms are another cause of obstruction in the intestines, especially in +puppies; round worms get coiled into balls, set up local irritation and +interfere with the natural action of the bowels. + +BLACK TONGUE. — + +This is a new disease, confined so far, to dogs in the Southern states. +Personally, I have never seen a case of it, and do not pretend to try to ad- +vise as to treatment. The following was written by the late Polk Miller +of Richmond, Va., (and a valued friend of mine he was), and I am giving +his article and treatment, due to the great confidence I felt in him as a +gentleman sportsman, and lover of dogs. + +BLACK TONGUE OR THE "NEW DISEASE." — + +There is a new disease among the dogs in our Southern States, and in +some of the Northern and Western States (though to a limited extent), +which is giving great trouble and anxiety among dog-owners. I say new, +because it has appeared in the last ten years. It is called "Black Tongue" +by the majority of people, but as that does not appear in all cases, it is +called the "New Disease." A dog which is perfectly well today may be +extremely ill tomorrow, 'and if the disease is not arrested in twenty-four to +thirty-six hours, it generally proves fatal. A close watch should be kept to +see that it doesn't get too good a start. The symptoms, as nearly as I +can describe them, are as follows: General languor, dullness about the +eyes, little or no appetite, a dryness about the mouth and throat (some- +times swelling), and high fever. In some cases the glands are excited +and a profuse flow of saliva is noticed, but in most cases the tongue is +dry, and the poor brute seems anxious, though unable, to swallow water, +on account of inability to lap the liquid. These are some of the most +noticeable symptoms, and the dog thus affected is indisposed to notice + + + + +the call or caresses of his master, and manifests a disposition to roam +about in a listles manner, preferring to be "severely left alone." What- +ever may be the opinion of others as to a proper treatment, or a name for +this disease, it is my belief, from personal experience with it, that it +should be treated in the same manner as our old physicians treated diph- +theria in human beings before the new remedy — anti-toxin — was discov- +ered. I give that, and trust that the lives of many dogs that would other- +wise die may be saved. I have never failed to cure a dog by the prompt use +of this treatment at the very first appearance of the trouble, and I have +never known one to get well when two days have elapsed before the rem- +edy was applied: + +Chlorate of Potassium V2 ounce + +Mur. Tine. Iron Vz ounce + +Water 1 pint + +Sig. — Mix, shake, and with a soft rag protruding over the end of a +stick, dip into the solution and thoroughly mop out the mouth and throat +twice daily, for two days. + +The following was written by someone south, who seemed to know +from experience as to Black Tongue. The 3 grain dose given of thymol, was +used on a Foxhound, probably a fifty pound dog, therefore exercise judg- +ment, (as thymol is a dangerous drug), for smaller dogs: + +"As to black tongue, I use the thymol, as it is a better, antiseptic +for the intestinal tract, and, in addition to this I use alternately a wash of +permanganate of potash and a saturated watery solution of alum. I give +the thymal rubbed up with pure Castile soap and put into capsules, giving +one capsule containing three grains of thymol every four hours. I wash the +mouth out before each capsule is given, alternating with the two solutions +mentioned above. + +As the dog sick with black tongue will not eat, as a rule, I drench +him with milk morning and night, sometimes adding a raw egg to the +milk. + +I want to give just a few warnings to those unfamiliar with the use +of thymol. Its use in the human being is attended with a certain amount of +danger, and this is doubly so in the dog. It should never be given to a +dog until the intestinal tract has been thoroughly cleaned out with salts. +The dog should, then be starved for at least twelve hours before the thy- +mol is administered, and this should be followed in six hours with another +dose of salts. The dog should then be given nothing to eat for several +hours more. Under no circumstances should the dog be allowed any +fat for several hours after the last dose of salts and he should have +nothing whatever to eat between the first and last dose of salts. + +Several fatal cases of poisoning are on record from the use of thymol +in the treatment of hookworm in the human. Chenopodium, or the oil of +wormseed, is a far safer drug to use. In addition to its being a safer +drug, it has been proven that it effects cures of hookworm in the human +where thymol has been given and has failed. In the Journal of the Amer- +ican Medical Association of . November 28, 1914, Dr. Robert L. Levy of + + + + +Johns Hopkins Hospital reports two cases of hookworm treated and cured +with oil of wormseed where thymol had failed. He also gives the 'coeffi- +cient of efficacy' in the same percentage as the article you have quoted. +He gives the following mode of administration: First day— Liquid diet; +8 p. m. one ounce Epsom salts. Second day — Omit .breakfast and lunch; +at 5 a. m. one ounce of Epsom salts; at 7, 9 and 11, sixteen drops of oil +chenopodium on a little granulated sugar; 1 p. m. one ounce castor oil +containing fifty minims of chloroform; soft supper (this for a dog would +be a little baker's bread soaked in milk). Third day — Resume full diet." + +Another southern writer has this to say: + +"While it has not been definitely determined whether or not this dis- +ease is due to hookworm infestment, indications suggest a very close relation, +as postmortem examinations have shown hookworms and great intestinal +inflammation. Ii is probable that the toxin which the hookworm injects +into the dog's blood may cause the disease. It is not contagious, nor +can it be communicated by feeding or drinking from the same vessel. An +experiment was recently made by feeding parts of stomach and intestines +of a dog which died of an acute case of black tongue to several healthy +dogs, and no ill effects developed. Another fact that is quite apparent is +that black tongue is never found except in sections of the country, which +includes the entire South, where the hookworm is known to exist" As to +the treatment for hookworms, see "Hookworms" in the regular worm +article. + +Colic. — This subject is very completely covered by Dalziel. + +"Nearly all domestic animals are subject to attacks of colic, or pripes, +as it is more frequently termed, especially when the horse is the subject +of the disease. In the dog, puppies are especially liable to it, but it attacks +dogs of all ages, and, if not promptly attended to and properly treated, is +very liable to end in inflammation of the bowels — a most dangerous dis- +ease, which, in some* of its features, though happily not its dangerous ones, +colic resembles. One very important point of distinction is, that whereas +inflammation comes on gradually, and feverishness, with hot, dry nose, etc., +always exist as premonitory symptoms, colic comes on suddenly, and a dog +eating well and seeming in perfect health is seized with spasm of the +coat of the bowels, causing such pain that he gives voice to a low moan, +which is afterward changed to a prolonged howl, as the paroxysms of pain +increase in frequency and severity. In colic, too, the nose and mouth are +cool, and there is no offensive breath. As in inflammation, the attitude +is peculiar and unmistakable; the back ebing arched, the feet drawn in +toward each other and the tail tightly tucked between his legs; in colic, +the belly is sometimes distended considerably with gas, and is then known +as flatulent colic. It is a disease of frequent occurrence in dogs, and the +exciting causes are various; exposure to wet and cold; getting dogs, espe- +cially house dogs, to swin in cold inclement weather, are common causes; +the presence of worms in the intestines also produces colic. But the most +common cause is undoubtedly the giving of improper food; sugar and + + + + +other sweet things are likely to produce it; puppies just after weaning +are very liable to it, especially if they have small lumps of meat or other +solid food thrown to them, which they can not well chew, but greedily +bolt; or having a portion of one meal left in the dish till the next meal +is added is very likely to produce it, because the stale portion undergoes +fermentation, that is, becames sour, and the fermentation is carried on in +the stomach. Colic is sure to yield to prompt and proper measures, and +the treatment is simple and safe. As soon as observed, give the sufferer +a dose of "anti-spasmodic drops." Compound spirits of sulphuric ether +(known as Hoffmans' anodyne), and tincture of opium (laudanum) equal +parts. Mix, and keep in a well stoppered bottle in a cool place. Dose for +15-lb. to 35-lb. dog would be a small teaspoonful in two teaspoonfuls of milk +or gruel. It must be given diluted with thin gruel, milk or water, +and if immediate relief does not follow, administer a double quanitity, as +a clyster in gruel, or the dose may be repeated in half an hour. In "flatulent +colic," known by the distended belly sounding like a drum when tapped with +the* end of the finger, from 10 to 30 drops of spirit of sal volatile may be +advantageously added to dose of "anti-spasmodic drops," or the following +draught may be given and repeated in an hour if the dog is not relieved: + +Carbonate of soda 20 grains + +Aromatic spirits of ammonia 30 drops + +Essence of ginger 5 drops + +Laudanum 15 drops + +Peppermint water 2 tablespoonfuls + +This is a dose for a medium-sized dog, such as a pointer or a greyhound. +For puppies and smaller breeds use less of this as the dose. After the attack +has subsided give the dog a gentle aperient, such as the "mild purge": + +Syrup of buckthorn 3 parts + +Syrup of white poppies 1 part + +Castor oil 2 parts + +Dose for dog 15-lb. to 30-lb., is a tablespoonful. Bottle must be well +shaken before using. Larger dogs a little more. + +Keep on a laxative diet, and do not let the dog have violent exercise +for a day or so. Endeavor to discover the cause of the attack and avoid a +repetition. Lead poisoning produces a peculiar form of colic, and clogs +should not have water to drink that has been collected in leaden cisterns. + +The using of one-eighth grain doses of morphine hypodermically every +half hour or hour during the attack of colic will give relief very soon. + +Ooryza is the name given to a common cold when confined to the nose +and eyes, and a running at the nose and watery eyes. I have found the +following plan to quickly cure it. Take a large sponge, wring it out of +warm water, sprinkle it freely with vinegar of squills, and hold it to the +clogs nose so that he inhales the fumes. Or, half fill an upright jar or jug +of suitable size with bran, saturate it with hot water, and sprinkle over and + + + + +stir into the bran the following: A tablespoonful of ordinary vinegar, a +teaspoonful of laudanum, and six drops of glycerine, and carbolic acid +(British Pharmacopoeia). Mix, and hold the dog's nose over it. This +quantity is a double handful of bran in a quart, or three-pint jar, is suitable +for a 20 to 50 pound dog. A good idea, if eyes continue to run, would be +to use the eye lotion of Hydrastes and Camphor water, which you will find +given under Eye troubles. + +Claws, Inflammation at the Roots of; — Dogs used to the chase, or hunt- +ing in scrubby heather, or running much over hard, uneven roads, suffer +from s#re toes; the parts around the roots of the claws are swollen, in- +flamed and tender, making the dog lame, and, indeed, almost unable to get +about; there is redness between the toes, and sweating or thin serous +discharge therefrom. + +Such cases are often very difficult to cure. First give a dose of aper- +ient medicine, and keep the dog up, giving him plenty of soft bedding, and +a light diet. Foment the part night and morning with warm water, and +bathe freely with this lotion: Calomel, 2 scr. ; lime water, 12 oz. ; mix. +Shake the bottle well when using it, which should be done four or five times +a day. If the foregoing fail, try Goulard's Extract of Lead, 2 dr.; tincture +of arnica, V2 oz.; distilled water, 1 pint; mix and apply freely four or five +times a day. If the case is a very bad one, wrap the foot in a piece of +lint saturated with the lotion, and pull over it a chamois leather boot, +which the dog can be prevented from gnawing and pulling off by use of a +muzzle, over the mouth-part of which a piece of canvas has been sewn. + +Concussion of the Brain. — Often occurs in canine practice, and is due +to accidents. In most cases the dog becomes unconscious, and the breath- +ing is heavy or usually nearly imperceptible. Gradually consciousness re- +turns, but often a stiffness of the limbs and an uncertain gait remains for +a time. The treatment should consist in the administration of stimu- +lants, but great care must be taken not to attempt forcing liquid upon an +unconscious animal, or choking will be the inevitable result. Brandy can be +injected under the skin (subcutaneously). Ice when procurable should be +applied to the head and spinal cord, and ammonia to the nostrils. If there +is a fracture of the skull an operation will become necessary. A part of +the bone may be pressing upon the brain, when it would have to be raised, +and so relieve the pressure, in which case a vererinarian must be called at +once. + +Constipation. — Watch your dog every day as to condition of his bowels. +A dog properly fed and exercised will hardly ever be troubled with consti- +pation. I turn my dogs out into their yard each morning and stay there +a few minutes and watch them. Their first inclination is to hunt a place +and empty themselves (a dog's natural habit). If I find one that is con- +stipated, by this I mean unnaturally so, where passage is too hard and +crumbles up into dust by putting your foot on it, I watch that dog that +night, and if still the same it gets a dose of castor oil the next morning, +unless as sometimes happens, the bowels have meanwhile corrected them- + + + + +selves. No dog should go over twenty-four hours without a passage, and +better if not so long. As to the size of the dose of castor oil this depends +greatly on size and age of dog. Take a grown dog the size of a fox terrier +or pug, by this is meant a dog over a year old, and you can give it a table- +spoonful. If this don't work in an hour or so, repeat the dose once. A +dog a year old or over, like an English setter, could stand two tablespoons- +ful at a dose, while the larger breeds like a St. Bernard, could stand an +ounce and a half, which would be three tablespoonsful, or even two ounces +at a dose. Some dogs, like some persons, are harder to physic than others, +so that judgment should be used; the idea being not to give too much, +but just enough to accomplish the desired result. Fluid extract of cascara +sagrada is a remedy much used for constipation, and to the dose of«castor +oil from five to twenty drops of this can be added and given with it with +benefit. + +Puppies from six months to a year old should be given smaller doses +in proportion to age and breed of dog. + +Young puppies as a rule should have rather loose bowels than other- +wise, and are rarely ever troubled with constipation. + +Watch your dog's bowels, which is easily done by spending a few min- +utes each morning after it is let out in the yard. Often if only slightly +bound up, or passage is a bit too hard, a little oatmeal (same as you cook +it for yourself), or some cooked liver for its breakfast, or a good drink +of buttermilk will loosen it up all right, in place of the oil. If passage +is normal (shaped and not hard), do nothing at all. Every dog should +empty itself at least twice a clay and puppies oftener. + +Some dogs are troubled with chronic constipation, and in such cases, +use a laxative pill, several of which are made for dogs. I have found Clay- +ton's very good. + +Cough. — Cough, strictly speaking, is a symptom of disease, rather than +a disease itself, but it is in very many cases to non-professional observation +the most distinct sign that something is wrong; indeed, so markedly is this +the case that we speak of a person having a bad cough as the ailment from +which he suffers, rather than the symptom of that ailment, and hence we +have innumerable specific remedies as cough mixtures, cough pills, etc. +Our dog we treat in the same way, taking the sign for the substance, the +smoke for the fire, and fortunately without much practical harm, for gen- +erally speaking, the medicine that will ease a cough is acting favorably +on the disease of which the cough is an evidence. To decide what parti- +cular disease is indicated by the cough, the concomitant symptoms and +circumstances, as described under the special disease, which are usually +preceded or accompanied by cough, must be taken into account, and the +special treatment called for in each case followed. Coughs vary as much +in character as do the diseases of which they are in many cases the most +pronounced indication. Thus, in common cold the cough slight and humid; +in bronchitis, hard, dry and frequent; and in inflammation of the lungs +and pleurisy, short and suppressed, doubtless from the great pain caused by +the effort. When the throat is sore, the cough is hoarse and generally ac- +companied by more or less difficulty in swallowing; in asthma, the cough + + + + +may be described as wheezy, and is often followed by vomiting. Cough +in distemper has a peculiar husky, hollow sound. Cough may be pro- +duced by a bit of bone or other substance sticking in the throat and causing +irritation, in which case the cough is the natural effort to get relief, and +ceases with the removal of the irritating cause. As a cough is almost in- +variably connected with some derangement of the respiratory organs or +air passages, its warning should never be neglected, and the early resort +to the use of the following pills will be sure to relieve, will frequently cure, +and can, under no circumstances, do any harm: + +COUGH PILL. + +Powdered ipecacuanha 6 grains + +Powdered opium 6 grains + +Compound squill pill 24 grains + +Powdered gum ammoniacum 2 4 grains + +Powdered licorice 24 grains + +Powdered rhubarb 12 grains + +Mix and make into twenty-four pills; dose for a 15-lb. to 40-lb. dog, +one pill night and morning; under 15-lbs. half a pill, and for large +breeds give 1 V2 pills as a dose. + +Another very good cough mixture for many kinds of coughs is: + +Muriate of ammonia 2 drams + +Compond syrup morphia 2 ounces + +Aqua destil 2 ounces . + +Dose: From half to a teaspoonful every two hours according to size +of dog. For puppies 10 to 15 drops as a dose. + +For a Bronchial Cough (Chronic). — The following is a very good one. +A teaspoonful is the dose, as this cough is, of course, found in older dogs +only, and will do for all breeds except very small toy dogs, when half a +teapoonful will do: + +Spirit chloroform y2 dram + +Wine of ipecac 3 drams + +Tincture of squills 5 drams + +Simple syrup 1 ounce + +Aqua to make 4 ounces + +There are a great many other good cough remedies, in fact anything +good for the master's cough is good for the dog's, and I herewith give sev- +eral prescriptions that I know to be good by having tried them. + +A dog that is well and in good condition may have a dry cough, does +not cough very much at a time, but quite often. I have cured such cases +with the following: + + + + +Carbonate of aninioniacum 3 drams + +Fluid extract of belladonna 2 drams + +Gum camphor 5 drams + +Syrup of squills '. 5 drams + +Simple syrup 4 ounces + +Fluid extract of licorice 4 ounces + +Dose for a medium-sized dog, a teaspoonful every four hours. This +is a very good cough syrup. Large dogs could have 1 y2 teaspoonsf ul. + +A cough remedy advertised for humans, called "Pinex," I tried on dogs, +and found it to be very good for many coughs. You can get a fifty cent +bottle of Pinex of your druggist, and from this, prepare at home, a pint +of cough syrup that would cost a couple dollars, by mixing the contents +of the bottle in a syrup you can easily make from less than a pound of +granulated sugar. The dose would be from half to a teaspoonful, every +two to four hours. Dogs larger than fifty pounds, could stand a little +larger dose. I have used this for the cough a dog has in distemper, and +it did the dog's cough good, not conflicting with the other medicines +being used. + +"Very lately the following prescription was prescribed for me by a +regular doctor for a chronic, bronchial, dry cough, that one of my old +dogs has every fall and winter, which nothing I had ever used would stop — +this one did it — and I consider it a most valuable one. + +Syrup Oocillaiia, Compound (Parke Davis & Co.). — Dose would be a +teaspoonful for dogs up to 50 pounds, and a little more for very large +breeds, every two or three hours. A dose of any cough syrup should al- +ways be given the last thing at night. + +Here is an "old fashioned cough syrup" for a "sore throat cough." +Boil down some onions and brown sugar, and give teaspoonful every twd +or three hours. + +Another very sensible article on coughs, (which I found some place), +commends itself: + +"There are two kinds of coughs that a dog suffers from; one comes +from the throat and the other from the stomach, and each requires dif- +ferent treatment. There is about as much use in trying to cure a stomach +cough with a bronchial remedy as there would be for you to take a laxa- +tive for chilblains, and yet it is often done. The bronchial cold may be +treated in the following manner: Put in a warm room and give either cod +liver oil, syrup of white pine or some similar preparation. A good formula +for coughs in dogs is syrup of squills, syrup of wild cherry, of each two +parts; glycerine, one part. If the cough becomes so bad that there is a +great deal of difficulty in breathing, an ordinary water kettle placed over +a gas stove or some other hot fire, so that the escape of steam will be +rapid, will be found to be a relief. Of course, a regular bronchitis kettle +or one of the patent lamps that can be had for a small sum at any drug +store, can also be used. In the stomachie cough it is always wise to give +a purgative and to treat for worms, as internal parasites are in nine + + + + +cases out of ten the primary cause of the trouble. Two or three days +should then he allowed to elapse, and the treatment repeated. This may +be done a third and even a fourth time, if the cough does not disappear. +Do not physic every day or you will weaken the animal too much, but allow +two or three days to pass." + +Cuts, Tears or Wounds. — The first thing to be done is to stop the +bleeding, which can generally be done by simple pressure with the fingers, +or by a few folds of lint pressed firmly against the cut. Unless a consid- +erable artery has been severed, these means are generally successful, but if +such is the case, a ligature will be the cure. After bleeding is partially or +entirely stopped, remove all foreign bodies, such as glass, dirt, thorns or +splinters, but avoid using very cold or hot water in doing so, having it about +blood warm. If the cut or wound is superficial, the cleansing, pressing +of the parts together and dressing it with friars balsam or tincture of +myrrh, applied with a small brush or feather, will be all that is required, +the using of these tinctures leaving on the wound a protective covering +of gum. If the lips of the wound will not meet, draw them together with +a few stitches, using a slightly curved suture needle and a silk thread +which should be waxed with beeswax to prevent absorption and its acting +as a seaton. Sewing up wounds is easy. Pass needle through the skin on +one side of the wound from the outside inward and then through the +part of the opposite lip from the inside outward, drawing the lips gentlv +together, tie the thread in a double knot and cut ends off close. Do each +stitch separately. If the cut is a long one, use a. pair of light cross-forceps +to hold the lips together ahead of where you are sewing, as a neater job +can be made in so doing. The stitches should be about a half an inch +apart as a rule. It is advisable to muzzle the dog afterwards or keep on a +light bandage to keep the dog from biting off the threads and undoing the +stitches with his mouth and. tongue. The wound heals by adhesion or gran- +ulation matter forming and great attention must now be paid to keeping +it clean so as to prevent purification of exuding matter. Constantly wash +away all discharge, sponging fr-eely with + +Pure carbolic acid % ounce + +Glycerine 2 ounces + +With water to make a quart. Or the antiseptic prescription referred to be- +low. + +In slight cuts in the legs or feet, all that is necessary is to wash well +and apply friars balsam. If severe and requiring bandaging, apply a piece of +lint under the bandage saturated with a mixture of friars balsam and +camphorated oil. + +The above is Dalziel's idea. + +Lately I have in such cases used Peroxyde of Hydrogen, or, better yet, +applied tincture of iodine and then to heal it up, used the "Ungucntine" +salve, as advised in Bites, instead of the above, and with best of results* + + + + +Either Dalziel's or my own will, however, do. In applying the Peroxyde +of Hydrogen, just tip the bottle up against the wound for a second, when +you will see a white foaming or bubbling discharge come from the sore. +This should not be wiped off or allowed to remain on for over a minute +or so, but removed then by a little water squeezed on it from a sponge or +cloth. In using the tincture of iodine, apply it with a small brush, and +after it has dried, then rub the "Unguentine" on, once or twice daily. A +good idea is , to always keep on hand a small vial of tincture of iodine, +kept tightly corked. Judgment must be exercised as to length of time the +wound is to be kept open and dischorging, the Peroxyde tending to close +it up, as will the tincture of iodine, but use the latter on wound as long +as there is any bleeding, once a day generally is often enough for this. + +Chorea. — Dalziel's treatise and treatment I give in full, for it is +eminently correct, judging by my own experience. It is a hard disease to +cure, but I have cured young dogs one or two years old. Read what +Dalziel says, and if you have a dog so afflicted, at least try to cure it. +I never admit but what any disease can be cured,- or helped, and I try +every remedy anyhow. Sergeant's Condition Pills have cured cases in +younger dogs for me, and as they always do good and never harm, it is +worth while trying, for you will be doing your dog some good at least. +There is not much, if any, pain in chorea, and I had a pug bitch three +years old that had a chronic case of it, but yet she bred and raised a +healthy litter of pups. This was an exception, however, as, being a ner- +vous trouble, it is transmitable, and I would not advise using either a +bitch or a dog for breeding purposes that was so afflicted. It is, of course, +unpleasant to see a dog constantly twitching or jerking, but so long as they +do not suffer I think it my duty to let them live. + +"This most distressing complaint arises from some derangement of +the nervous system, and generally exists as a sequence of distemper, when +It is known among kennel men as "the twitch." Chorea, or St. Vitus' dance, +may, however, arise from other causes, producing a disturbing effect on the +nervous system such as a severe Injury or blow on the head, the irrita- +tion caused by worms, or long-continued Impaired digestion. By far the +most common cause, however, is distemper, the brain receiving some in- +jury in that variety of the disease known as "Head Distemper." The symp- +tom Indicating chorea is a peculiar Involuntary convulsive twitching of +the muscles. These spasmodic movements or jerklngs may be either par- +tial or general, but usually partial. One or both hind legs are affected, +or the twitching extends to the muscles of the fore legs, neck and shoul- +ders, in which case the head is bobbed up and down in a silly, helpless +manner. Sometimes the eyelids and muscles of the face are affected, but +Whatever part of the body, is attacked the peculiar twitching or jerking +Is always unmistakable. When the hind quarters are the seat of the +disease the dog will sometimes suddenly drop one of the limbs from the +hip joint, apparently from sudden loss of power or command over the +guiding muscles. The weakness is strongly shown when the dog attempts +to jump onto a chair or the lap, which he fails to do, and generally falls +on hte side "all in a heap." There are very few dogs severely afflicted with + + +r • - + +chorea that ever get completely cured. When the attack is but slight the +dog may live for years and prove a useful animal, as, except in severe +cases, it does not seem to greatly impair the general health. The con- +stant twitching is, however, so annoying a sight to most people that few +would care to keep a dog thus afflicted. Although dogs carefully and +properly treated in distemper are less likely to suffer from this disease, +yet it will occasionally occur in the best managed kennels, and so I must +proceed to consider its treatment. The first thing to be done is to attend +to the general health, and especially to see that the bowels are in a properly +regulated state; and it is better, if their action requires correction, to +endeavor to accomplish that object by a careful regulation of diet, rather +than by a resort to physic; indeed, all through chorea the food must be +of a nature easily digested and given with regularity if any course of +medicinal treatment is to be successful. The remedies recommended in +chorea are arsenic, sulphate of zinc, nitrate of silver and nux vomica and +its preparations. Arsenic I do not recommend, but either of the following +may be tried, and it is sometimes found that using them alternately has +a more beneficial effect than a perseverance with one remedy only. Pills +may be made thus: + +Sulphate of Zinc. Pills. + +Sulphate of zinc 2 4 grains + +Extract of gentian 18 grains + +Powdered gum acacia 18 grains + +Make into twelve pills. Dose for a dog 30-lb. to 50-lb. weight, one +pill twice a day. Small dogs a half pill as a dose. + +Nitrate of Silver Pills. + +Nitrate of silver 3 grains + +Bread 2 drams + +Make into twenty-four pills. Dose for a dog 30-lb. to 50-lb. weight, one +pill twice a day given at the time of feeding. Small toy dogs of +10 to 12 lbs. give one-half a pill as a dose. + +The following pills I have found Very successful, and can Btrongly +recommend them, although, of course, they a/e not infallible. As the +ingredients require very great accuracy in weighing, and very careful +mixing, this must be left to a properly qualified dispensing chemist, and +the box containing the pills should be kept strictly in the master's pos- +session, for fear of accident: + +Strychnine 1 grain + +Quinine 18 grains + +Extract of belladonna 6 grains + +Extract of gentian 1 dram + +Powder for Compond Rhubarb Pill 1 dram + +Mix very carefully and divide into forty-eight pills. Dose for a dpg + + + + +20-lb. to 40-lb. weight, one pill twice a day with his food. Small +dogs, half a pill. St. Bernards, one and one-half pills as a dose. + +"It is necessary in chorea to continue the use of these remedies for a +considerable time — at least a month or two months, in most cases — to +produce any satisfactory result, or even to give them a fair trial; and, as +before said, the dog must be carefully fed, well lodged and properly exer- +cised when he has sufficient power to use his limps, and in the case of dogs +reared in towns, a change to the country for some weeks would be beneficial. +Galvanism has been recommended for chorea; I have not seen it tried, but +should think it well worth a trial." + +Here are two different cases of chorea prescribed for by the American +Field: + +"About two months since I bred a young pug bitch, and shortly after- +ward I noticed a nervous affection in her face; just about as regular as +a clock would tick the lower jaw would drop and raise again, and for a while +her tongue would hang out at one side as if partially paralyzed. "What is +the probable cause, and what treatment should she have? She did not +whelp, and this was her first mating. Ans. — Chorea; give two drops of +Fowler's Solution of Arsenic three times daily for six consecutive days, then +increase the dose one drop daily until fifteen drops are given at each and +every dose; continue this for one week, then decrease in the same raitio. + +"Please prescribe for my English setter bitch that has had, for the +last two months, a severe jerking in her fore legs, seeming to be worse, +in damp weather; otherwise she is apparently in good health. The bitch +had the distemper about two or three months ago. Ans. — Chorea. For +ten consecutive days give ten grains of iodide of potash three times daily, +then give six drops of Fowler's Solution three times daily for seven con- +secutive days, and on the eighth day increase the dose one drop daily +until thirty drops are given at each and every dose; continue this for +fourteen days then decrease in the same raitio." The electric battery has +proved of great benefit in many cases. + +The two above cases of chorea in a pug and an English setter gives + +you the old and well-known Fowlers' Solution of Arsenic treatment, and + +prbper sized doses, if you wish to try it. This is the old-time remedy and + +has cured Chorea when directions were carefully followed. + +■•.-., + +The following article on Chorea was. written especially for .this', book +by Dent: + +"Chorea is the most distressing nervous complaint dog owners are +familiar with. It is due to an involuntary nervous discharge of the motor +cells controlling certain muscles. The essential pathology of these more +or less constant muscular twitchings has baffled all scientific investigation, +and careful microscopic autopsies, extending from the nerve terminus in a +muscle back to the cord and brain, have failed to reveal a lesion that can +be considered a cause. + +"The most satisfactory theory is that the brain cells controlling a +certain muscle or set of muscles are so weakened by the poison of distemper +or some other cause as to cause them to send out muscular impulses with- +out natural mental impulse or will power. + + +. + +"There is a form of chorea, clue to a disturbed nervous system, induced +by blows or injuries to the, or the presence of intestinal parasites which +have deranged the, digestive organs. This form of chorea is generally +curable. The form which follows distemper is not so amenable to treat- +ment. + +"The symptoms are so prominent and characteristic that there is no +mistaking the disease, and the peculiar involuntary twitching of the muscles +once seen is never forgotten. Then entire body may be affected; generally +it is only one set of muscles, those of the foreleg or of the neck and shoul- +ders, in which case the head bobs up and down in a most helpless manner. +Where the hindlegs are affected the dog will suddenly drop one' of the limbs +from the hip downward as if there was an entire loss of strength and +power. This is particularly noticeable if it attempts to jump on a chair +or table, for, after one or two attempts, it falls on its side or in a heap, +completely helpless. + +"The top of the head is often affected and twitches and throbs in a +most peculiar manner, and the jerking is commonly observable about the +muscles of the eyelids, lips and face. In severe cases of chorea the gen- +eral health is affected, and the animal shows signs of suffering probably +due to anxiety and appreciation of its helpfulness. In mild cases it does +not affect the animal's general health, and some field dogs have it all +their lives without affecting their usefulness. The owner, however, +is annoyed by the constant muscular movements and is always anxious to +effect a cure. Some cases are quiet during sleep, others are worse. + +"Treatment. — Although the disease occurs in the best regulated ken- +nels, despite the most careful treatment of distemper, it does not alter the +fact that dogs properly treated for distemper and worms and well housed +and fed are less liable to the disease than those which are neglected. + +"The first thing to do is to look after the animal's general health. +See that the bowels act promptly and this is accomplished best by dieting +and the feeding of foods possessing laxative properties and not by resorting +to physics. If there is the slightest suspicion of worms treat for them, +as they torment the nervous system beyond all measure and are the cause +of many attacks. + +"Feed regularly and carefully, and if there is a tendency to constipa- +tion use well boiled oatmeal. Mutton broths with stale bread, beef well +boiled or raw lean beef chopped fine. From two to five grains of pepsin +and one-half grain of diastase can be given after each meal, to assist the +stomach in the process of digestion. If there is much debility and weak- +ness give emulson of cod liver oil in doses of from one teaspoonful to +three tablespoonfuls three or four times a day. + +"The drugs principally used are mix vomica or strychnine and arsenic. +Some practitioners use a dose of nux vomica in the morning and arsenic at +night. As both of these drugs are poisonous they must be used with care. +The dose of nux vomica is from two to twelve drops of the tincture twice +a day. It is a valuable vegetable, bitter, and an aid to digestion as well +as a nerve stimulant. Any stiffness of the muscles or tendency to spasms +is an indication for its immediate discontinuance. + +"Fowler's Solution of Arsenic is the most convenient form. The dose + + +46 DISEASE3 + +is from one to thirty drops. Give a drop at first, increasing it one drop +a day up to the larger dose, then gradually decreasing and discontinue +for a time, and whenever there is any constitutional symptoms of its ef- +fects, such as reddened or fullness under the eye, nausea, whitish tongue, +etc. + +"The following pills are highly recommended by many who have used +•them. As some of the ingredients are poisonous, they should be prepar- +ed by a qualified druggist or pharmacy graduate. Strychnine one grain, +extract of belladonna six grains, extract of gentian one dram, gipsin three +drams. . Mix carefully and divide into forty-eight pills, one of which is +to be given night and morning in the patient's food. This dose is for a +dog weighing from thirty to fifty pounds. + +"The medicines heretofore mentioned are, in their action, purely alter- +ative and nerve stimulating; in connection with them may be mentioed +the use of the electrical current from a surgeon's battery. Obstinate and +apparently incurable cases sometimes show a decided improvement, and +radical cures are effected, in response to a gentle stimulating current of +electricity. One electrode should be applied to the neck directly over the +spinal cord, the other to the extremity of the affected leg, and the electrical +stimulation continued for from five to thirty minutes twice a day. The +beneficial effects from a careful massage of the leg and a manipulation of +the muscles cannot be overestimated. Besides breaking down adhesions +or agglutinations of the muscle fibers, it increases the supply of blood to +the part and promotes its nutrition and has a most beneficial reflex action +on the- entire nervous system." + +Cramp.— This term is often indiscriminately applied by sportsmen +to spasm from whatever cause; but cramp of the limbs from exposure to +cold and wet often occurs, and it will quickly yield to brisk rubbing and +warmth. If nothing else is handy, rub with a little spirit and water or a +rough dry cloth. Dogs used in hunting or retrieving from water are very +liable to it, the hindquarters being most frequently affected, and in such +cases a good brisk liniment, such as the following, should be carried in the +boat: + +Stimulating Liniment. — Compound camphor liniment, 3 oz.; olive oil, +spirit of turpentine, and spirit of hartshorn, of each 1 oz.; mix. A hot bath +is also very effective, especially if the dog is afterward gently rubbed; +care must, however, be taken to dry the animal thoroughly. + +Crooked Limbs. — See Rickets. + +Cancer. — This can only safely be treated by the verterinary surgeon. +The main thing for the dog's owner is to be able to distinguish between +cancer and other tumors. The safest plan is, however, not to take any +chance by delay, but on suspicion consult the veterinarian. + +Choking. — This accident is not uncommon with greedy animals that +bolt their food; a bone, a piece of gristly meat, or other hard substance, +is bolted, and sticks fast in its passage to the stomach. I always adopt + + + +the plan of reserving bones until after the clogs have fed, for if given with +the other food they are at once picked out, and the smaller ones are, +when the dog is hungry, apt to be swallowed unmasticated and produce +choking. + +Treatment. — Frequently by manipulating the throat outside with the +fingers the obstruction can be worked down the gullet, or if it can be felt +in the upper part of the throat, it may be removed by the throat forceps, +which most veterinary surgeons keep by them. Hill recommends, when the +substance is too low for extraction, and manipulating with the fingers +externally fails, to endeavor gently to force it down with a piece of bent +whalebone, having a piece of sponge tied to the end of it, and dipped in +oil. In using this extra care must be taken that the sponge is so firmly +attached to the whalebone that it cannot slip off, for if swallowed it might +effectually block up one of the smaller intestines; therefore, cut nitches +in the whalebone, into which- tie the piece of sponge. As soreness, if not +actual laceration, is almost sure to be caused, the dog should for some +days after be confined to soft food. + +The following, on choking, I found. The subject is so ably treated, +that I publish it also: + +"This is of very frequent occurrence with dogs, as usually they are +voracious feeders, careless of consequences, and the fact that they use +their mouths much as we do our hands in grasping and conveying various +objects makes them particularly liable to swallow foreign substances, that +may become lodged in the gullet. The commonest objects on which dogs +choke are bones that they have been feeding upon. If the bone lodges +in the back of the throat it may set up such a violent coughing and +retching as to asphyxiate the subject. The back of the throat, however, is +not the usual lodging place, for as a rule the bone or other object passes +that point, where the gullet is comparatively large, and lodges over the +heart, where it is smaller. Locating at this point causes the greatest +distress. The dog keeps gulping as if trying to swallow, and from time +to time is seized with a period of retching. In a day or two the extreme +distress passes, and the patient drinks water and milk or other liquids +freely and can also swallow raw eggs, but if solid food is taken, directly +it reaches the obstruction it lodges. Young dogs and those which are +playful sometimes swallow needles and pins. These usually become +imbedded in the back of the tongue, and can be removed from that position, +but sometimes they reach the gullet and pass through into the tissues, +forming an abscess, their usual location being just behind the angle of +the jaw. Removing needles and pins from the back of the tongue is done +most easily with a pair of forceps, although it sometimes can be. done with +the finger. The principal thing is to be careful not to break the object. +The symptoms in these cases are usually very severe, so that prompt action +is necessary. In those cases where a bone has pased far down the gullet- +and lodged over the heart it is sometimes sufficient to feed the dog a few +pieces of meat, which will force the obstruction on. If this is not success- +ful a probang must be uesd to force the obstruction down into the stom- +ach, but this should be attempted only by a skillful veterinarian or a +physician, as it may be necessary to use considerable force, and there is + + + + +danger of rupturing the gullet,, which, is fatal. If the obstruction cannot +be removed by the probang, then the only thing remaining is to feed +the patient on liquid food until such time as the sharp points of the bone +become dissolved and rounded off, so that it will be easily pushed along +by the probang." _ + +CHLOROFORMING DOGS FOR AN OPERATION. + +If it is really necessary to do this, then have a careful anethetist who +understands his subject, do the work. A quarter of an hour is long enough +for a dog to be kept under the influence, and should be ample time for any +operation. Chloroform is dangerous, at best, with any dogs, and with some +breeds, Chow Chows for instance, it is sure to mean a dead dog. Anyone +who has had experience in the destruction of dogs with chloroform, knows +how quickly they succumb to it. Ether is a safer anesthetic, which can +be used with as much success and far less risk. + +If an anesthetic has to be given, ask the operating surgeon to use +ether. The bet way to give an anesthetic: put on a wire cage muzzle, +having first secured dog so he cannot struggle. Around the muzzle an +ordinary piece of surgeon's list can be placed, and on this the anesthetic. + +For many minor operations, liquid cocaine can be used instead, the +dog strapped down, and his owner also hold and control his dog. I have +done this without the strapping even, talked to the dog, he understood me, +and stood the pain. This was the removal of a cyst on a Pug dog, behind +his ear, the size of a lemon. Cocaine was used. + +Coryza. — See Catarrh. + +Costiveness. — See Constipation. + +Caked Breast. — This is generally caused by milk fever, a too plentiful +supply of milk which is not nursed sufficiently from the dam by a small +litter, or will happen in cases of the bitch loosing her puppies. She must +be milked three times daily by hand (this done gently on teats that are +hard and caked) for a few days, gradually getting down to twice, and then +once a day, stopping as the flow of milk gets less. + +Also use quite often, every two hours or so, camphorated oil or gum +camphor and lard melted together (which should be kept in a corked +jar), rubbing this in well on all the teats. This will dry up the milk, +soften up the caked breasts and dry up the hanging down bag as well, +making the bitch more sightly looking. A solution of camphor, tannin +and glycerine, which any druggist can put up for you, is the very best +thing to use alone for drying up the bags of a bitch after she has weaned +her puppies. + +Dent prescribed for following case: + +"My English setter bitch, six years old, whelped and had a caked +udder but seemed to get over it. Now one of the front teats shows a +lump or cake as large as an English walnut. What treatment do you + + + + +advise and what is it? Ans. — It is simply caked. Give five grains of the +iodide of potash three times a day for two weeks and apply with gentle +friction to the enlarged teat the following ointment: Belladonna extract +twenty grains, gum camphor twenty grains, lanolin one ounce. She can he +bred safely when she comes in season." + +Claws, Overgrown — Toy dogs and house pets which have little or no +exercise out of doors, where they can dig and scrape the ground, and so +wear the claws down, suffer from an overgrowth of them. The nail curls +round, and, if not cut in time, it grows into the sole of the foot, causing +soreness and lameness. The ends of the claws should be cut off with +a pair of sharp, strong nippers, or nail clippers, such as one can buy at +any cutler's for 7 5 cents. Puppies' toe nails, especially of those running +on grass or on boards in winter, grow long and tend to spread the toes +open, when the latter should be compact. Extreme care should be ob- +served that only the dead white or light colored nails is cut off, and when +the nail is dark, judgment must be exercised. It is best to clip little +and often, and especially so if the nail has a tendency to grow in. + +In cases which have been neglected, the process of removal should +be gradual, a small portion being taken off every few days or so until +the claws are of the normal length. If the sole or flesh has been pene- +trated, it will most likely fester, and should be freely bathed in warm +water, and the "Unguentine" salve used to heal. + +Cold in the Head — See Catarrh. + +Clipping Toe Nails. — See Overgrown Claws. + +Callosities. — Bare callous places on the dog from rubbing, chafing +or lying on bare boards. Large dogs are very often so troubled. Glycerine +or vaseline is used quite often, and keep treatment up for some time, either +of which will soften and tend to remove these lumps. They do no harm +but detract from the appearance of the dog. Eberhart's skin remedy will, in +due time, fix them up, but should be well rubbed in, twice daily. + +Catarrh Dogs that are badly kenneled, exposed to cold winds, and + +those that have lately had distemper, or a severe cold, are subject to an +inflammation of the membranes of the nostrils and air passages, and a more +or less thick discharge of muco purulent matter from the nose, constitut- +ing what is commonly known as catarrh. The disease is "disgusting and +annoying in the extreme, and has a very debilitating effect upon the +patients general health. The eyes become affected, and if the disease is not +promptly treated, the inflammation spreads to the bones of the head, the +discharge unendurably offensive, and the breathing is seriously interferred +with. The longer the disease is neglected the worse it becomes. + +Treatment. — Remove all discharge from the nostrils by frequent bath- +ing with a saturated solution of boracic acid, as the discharge irritates the +external parts and is liable to cause Eczema. With a small syringe a small + + + + +quantity of the following solution shouid be injected into the nostrils three +times daily: + +Sulphate of zinc ■ 8 grains + +Boracic acid 30 grains + +Glycerine 1 ounce + +Water 1 ounce + +An ordinary atomizer or spray can be used to good advantage several +times a day, using either listerine or a spray after the following formula: + +Sodal biborat 1 dram. + +Sodal carb 1 dram + +Acid carbolic 6 grains + +Sulp. of zinc 1° grains + +Sulp. of morphine .' 10 grains + +Glycerine , 1 ounce + +Distilled water 8 ounces + +Keep dog in warm, comfortable quarters and pay particular attention +to his diet. If there is any tendency to scantiness of urine, or costiveness, +give 30 drops of cascara sagrada in a teaspoonful of olive oil. Feed any- +thing he will eat and give a tablespoonful of cod liver oil emulsion, (small +toys of course less), or Fellows' Syrup of Hyphophosphites four times a +day, containing in addition, 20 drops of the Syrup of Iodide of Iron. If +there is much discharge from the eyes wash them several times daily with +a saturated solution of boracic acid. + +Chronic Catarrh of Uterus. — This sometimes occurs in bitches, just +why is hard to say. Such bitches are not liable to breed. They come in +season same as others, but the discharge at such times is white, really +the same discharge they have had right along, only not noticed perhaps. +Treatment would depend on cause of the catarrh, and for which, refer +to "Catarrh." + +Chest Founder. — See Kennel Lameness. + +• + +Catarrh, or Cold in the Head.— Dogs that live in freedom, although +exposed to changes of temperature and weather, are not so liable to attacks +of catarrh as are those more delicately reared, in whom a sudden change +from the close atmosphere of the room to the open air, or exposure to a +shower of rain, frequently will produce a cold. First symptoms are shiv- +ering and evident languor, succeeded by a hot, dry nose, with a thin dis- +charge at first, but which gradually thickens. If the disease proceed, +a hot skin, dullness about the eyes, with other evidence of fever, follow, +according to the severity of the case. There is more or less discharge +from the nose, sometimes accompanied with sneezing; and if severe, and +the bronchial tubes affected, a cough will be the result. It' is pretty well +understood, when applied to ourselves, that a cold uncared for, is most + + + + +likely to lead to serious illness; and it is no less true of the dog. (See +also Ozaena). In puppies the symptoms of common cold may be mis- +taken for those of distemper; and in older dogs, if unchecked and uncared +for, it is likely to lead to bronchitis, inflammation of the lungs, or other +dangerous disease. It is, therefore, very necessary to pay attention to +the first appearance of a deviation from health in this direction, mindful +of the old proverb — "A stitch in time saves nine." + +A coat placed on the dog, as previously advised under Bronchitis. +Some hardy animals will need no further care than an extra warm bed, +and a warm supper; but others will require more attention. + +If conjointly with other symptoms mentioned, there is a scantiness +of urine, and costive bowels, give a dose of aperient medicine, follow- +ed by a few doses of the Fever Mixture: + +Powdered Nitre .' 1 dram + +Sweet Spirits of Nitre • Vz ounce + +Mindererous Spirit % ounce + +Wine of antimony 1 dram + +Water 4 ounces + +Dose for 20 to 50 pound dog, one tablespoonful every four hours in +a little gruel. Smaller, or younger dogs, a teaspoonful to a de- +sertspoonful. + +Remove any discharge from the eyes with warm water. If they are in- +flamed, bathe with the following lotion: Boracic acid, powdered, 1 scr. ; +distilled water, 6 oz. To allow the dog to breathe freely, the nose must +be bathed, which will tend to prevent accumulation of mucus. During con-, +valesence the following is useful: Easton's Syrup %oz., water to 6 ounces. +Dose, a desertspoonful to a tablespoonful twice a day after food. Here +is where, in place of this, I would use Eberhart's Tonic Pill. Unless the +cold has engendered some more dangerous complaint, this treatment will +be all that is required. If the cough be severe, use some cough remedy. +See Cough. + +Calculi. — The dog is more frequently the subject of Calculi (stone), +than is generally supposed. Their locality varies; may exist in the biliary +ducts, the bladder, the kidneys, or in the urethra (the passage of the penis). +In Biliary Calculi, those stones situated in the biliary ducts, providing +they are sufficiently small to pass the duct, are not of great moment — in +fact, upin post mortem their existence has often been discovered, while +during life po pain or inconvenience was noticed, but should these stones +be too large to pass the ducts, they are very painful and a most fruitful +cause of jaundice. The bile, which in health passes through these ducts, +becomes completely impeded in its progress, and is re-absorbed by the +blood vessels entering the general system, and jaundice is established. +The symptoms of biliary calculi, when not completly blocking the ducts, +are excessive sickness and constipation, with pain in the abdomen. The +treatment should consist in allaying the pain, when the stone will fre- + + + + +quently pass in a natural way. For this give 5 to 30 drops tincture of +opium every four hours, in a little water, and a soap and water enema +night and morning to relieve the bowels, opium having a tendency to con- +stipate. + +Cystic Calculi is stone found in the bladder. It is supposed that +their existence is rare, but such is not the case. A single large stone is +not frequently seen, but a number of small ones, especially in old dogs, +is not at all uncommon. In the former case, nothing short of an opera- +tion can possibly effect a cure; but when one takes into consideration the +necessity of keeping a patient in one position after the operation it will +be patent to most that in canine practice the removal of the stone is +seldom, if ever, attended with success. Small calculi will frequently pass +from the bladder into the urinary passages, and if small enough, out of +the body, through the penis; but often these stones will become fixed in +the urethra and the dog is unable to pass its water. The bladder be- +comes distended, and if not relieved, rupture of the organ results. When +you find a dog cannot pass its water, get a catheter, rub a little olive oil +or vaseline upon it, and the instrument inserted at the tip of the penis. Of +course, the dog must be placed on its back. Insert the catheter very +gently, and gradually pass it into the bladder. If there is a small calculus +in the urethra the passage of the catheter will be obstructed, and while +this is so, no extreme force must be used, or a very extensive injury may +result. A little gentle and prolonged pressure may return the stone into +the bladder, and so allow the urine to pass. If the stone cannot be re- +turned in this attempt, inject into the passage of the penis, a little olive +oil, and repeat the operation with the catheter. Calculi sometimes exist in +the kidneys and may pass into the bladder, thence through the urinary +passage, and so out of the body; but at other times they become too large +to leave the organ, causing intense pain and subsequent death. The symp- +toms are first, stiffness across the loins, accompanied by pain when an +attempt is made to move; the urine is passed in small quantities, and is +frequently — indeed often — tinged with blood. In such cases it is a matter +of relieving the pain, with the hope that the stone is small enough to gain +an exit by the penis. To relieve the pain give 5 to 30 drops of tincture +of opium, about every four hours, and apply hot flannels to the loins. A +dose of oil to relieve the bowels is beneficial, as any straining in passing +the faeces would increase the pain. It is best to leave these cases to the +veterinarian. + +Dew Claws. — Darwin describes as "accidental monstrosities," yet a gen- +eral opinion prevails that dew claws are the peculiar inheritance of a few +breeds of dogs, and from this false idea possession or non-possession of +these now utterly useles, clumy and ugly appendange has been set up +as a test of purity or impurity of breeding in specimens of the variety +of which they are wrongly ascribed as being the peculiar property. The +dew claw is attached to a rudiment, more or less developed, of an addi- +tamentary phalange or toe situated on the inner side, one to each foot, dis- +tant from and considerably above the other toes. + + + + +These additional toes are frequently unattached to any corresponding +metacarpal or metatarsal bone, having only a ligamentary union, so that +the term is equally applicable to the extra toe often seen on the foreleg; +and, as they are neither useful nor ornamental, I would in all cases have +them removed, being only a disfigurement in any breed. This should be +done when the pups are with the dam, as she will take care of the wound +and heal it up by licking it; and this can be easily done with a pair of +strong scissors. If left till the dog is older, they are liable to bleed a good +deal, and the pain, of course, is greater; in such case, the wound produced +by the excision should be at once well saturated with frairs' balsam. If +it is thought well to remove the nail only, that can be done by pulling it +out with a pair of nippers. + +DESTRUCTION OF DOGS. + +"It is often necessary to destroy dogs that have become so crippled or +injured as to make cure very doubtful; and in most litters of puppies +there are some so puny or so wanting in the characteristics of the breed +that they ought not to be reared. In the latter case it is most humane to +destroy such as are not wanted as soon after they are born as possible; but +even when a mesalliance has taken place, one at least of the puppies should +be left with the dam, unless one or more foster pups of pure blood can +be substituted. + +For destroying young puppies there is no more convenient or less +painful method than drowning; while for mature dogs a teaspoonful of +Scheele's prussic acid will cause instantaneous death. In giving it, the +mouth of the dog should be held open and upwards, and the acid poured +well back on the tongue. The very greatest care is, however, necessary +in dealing with a drug of such potency; and it would be highly dangerous +to life if any of it were" spilled over a cut or wound." + +The above was written I think, by F. J. Skinner, as I got it from Field +and Fancy, and give it as good advise. I bave used the prussic acid in +cases of an old and helpless dog, that had to be put out of the way, and +it worked very quickly, as its action goes direct to the heart, the pain so +short, that it seems to be humane. Lately I have cloroformed several, +and rather favor the chloroform route. I lay the dog down on its side, my +right hand under a piece of carpet on which is some cotton in the center, +and have an assistant pour on this cotton the chloroform, and I then quickly +apply this to the nose of the dog, the cotton, and quickly pull the carpet +around the head to neck, holding it there so no air can get in, the assis- +tant meanwhile holding the back part and legs of dog. The dog will gen- +erally resist the fumes of the chloroform, but only for a few seconds, and +in about a minute he will be dead, providing he has not gotten the carpet +loose, and some air thereby. + +Drowning is as painless as any death can be, especially for puppies. +I get a pail, fill it partly full of water, bave a pan that fits the top of the +pail, put puppies in, the pan on quickly, and on top of the pan a rock or +lump of coal, heavy enough to hold pan down, and then I go away. + +Debility and Wasting. — It happens sometimes that a dog gradually + + + + +V + +becomes weak and wasting in flesh, and you haven't found the cause. In +such cases Eberhart's Tonic Pills are just what the dog should have for +a few weeks, as they can do no harm, but will do great good in building a +run down dog up, create an appetite and work on all the organs, invigorat- +ing the system. They are different from other condition pills, as they +contain no arsenic or "dope" of any kind. Add to the dogs diet for +a few days, some raw, lean beef cut up fine, sprinkled with a little pepsin, +once a day. Also look for any symptoms of divergence from health which +may indicate the cause of the trouble. + +Docking Tails — While this is not a disease, yet it happens frequently +that puppies suffer not a little from this being clumsily done. It is not a +painful operation if properly done and before puppy is weaned. Fox ter- +riers, poodles and a few other breeds should have their tails docked to +conform to present bench show requirements. An old superstition exists +with some people yet that a tail must be bitten off, which is simply erron- +eous and disgusting. Never use a shears or scissors as the pinching before +the cut would cause more pain than the cutting. Before you are ready to +cut the tail get an ounce of tincture of iron. .Have a solid block or table, +have an assistant hold the puppy up to it with its tail laid on the block; +calculate how long or short a tail you want (three inches is about right), +then let assistant hold puppy up to table with tail lying on it; have a sharp +butcher knife ready, and with one quick and rapid cut the tail is off. Tip +your bottle of tincture of iron up to and against the end of tail and drop +your pup down in the yard. I have docked the tails of a litter of poodle +pups when not one of them gave a cry or yelp from the operation, but +did not seem to notice it at all and went on playing as usual as if nothing +had occurred. The mother will lick and take care of the tails, and they +will heal up in due time. Pull the skin back with your left hand when +you are ready to do the cutting. + +Dysentery. — This is a more dangerous disease than diarrhea, which, +when protracted, sometimes causes it, and may be described as diarrhea +in its most aggravated form; there is generally feverishness present, con- +siderable pain, and the evacuations are often black in color and very offen- +sive, and followed by discharge of a gelationous-like substance mixed with +blood. The loss of strength is very rapid, and the dog must be supported +by drenching with beef tea and a little port wine in it, the medicine and +general treatment being the same as in diarrhea. In one case of this kind, +in a retriever, I gave two doses of twenty drops of chlorodyne with very +good effect. The discharges in dysentery are immediately caused by in- +flammation of the mucous membrane lining in intestines, and are distin- +guished from diarrhea by containing no fecal matter except occasionally +wTaen it is voided in lumps; but the ordinary evacuations in dysentery, +although they vary in appearance, are generally slimy looking and com- +posed of mucus mixed with blood, and in the advanced stages of the +disease pus is discharged and shreds of the mucus membrane, very offen- +sive in character. The disease is very weakening, causes great pain and + + + + +straining, and is very difficult to manage; it often occurs in protracted +cases of distemper, and carries off the patient. + +In treating dysentery the "anodyne mixture" given in diarrhea treat- +ment should be tried in the first instance alone, and if ineffectual, one of +the following pills for a dog of 60-lb. to SO-lb., every four hours may be +tried with good results. For smaller dogs half a pill. + +Pills for Dysentery. + +Take of tannic acid 2 scruples and pure sulphate of copper 1 dram, +powdered opium 20 grains, mixed, and divide into twenty pills; or if a +liquid medicine should be preferred, the following will answer: Take of +pure sulphate of copper 48 grains, dissolve in 2 ounces of cinnamon wa- +ter; add V2 ounce of tincture of catechu, y2 ounce of laudanum, 6 drams of +aromatic spirits of ammonia, and make up to 12 ounces with cinnamon +water. Dose for an 80-lb. dog two tablespoonfuls every four hours; smaller +dogs in proportion. Clysters of starch, with one dram of laudanum in each, +are often very beneficial, and one may be thrown up every four or five +hours. + +The patient should have perfect rest, all evacuations should be in- +stantly removed, and the place where the patient is (which should be warm +but airy) kept sweet with disinfectants. The food should consist of pearl +barley, rice, arrowroot or wheaten flour, boiled in milk, varied with strong +beef tea slightly thickened with stale bread or plain biscuit. + +I have cured dogs of dysentery of long standing, obstinate cases, with +the following prescription, which was found to be very valuable in the +treatment of such cases in the human race — of soldiers who contracted this +disease in the war of '61. A friend of mine, a noted doctor in human prac- +tice, gave it to me and I "tried it on a dog," succeeding in effecting a per- +manent cure, since which time I have used it in several such cases with +success. Take sima ruba bark, two ounces, and put it in a quart of water, +boil this down to a pint, then strain and boil this down to half a pint. +(Be careful to not burn.) The dose for a dog the size of a pointer would +be a teaspoonful three times a. day. Large dogs like a St. Bernard, two +teaspoonfuls at a dose, while very small toy dogs like a toy terrier, should +have half a teaspoonful at a time. + +The following prescription was furnished me by Mr. J. A. Rogers, of +Ironton, Ohio, after trying it on his pointer that had suffered with chronic +dysentery for over a month till the dog was a skeleton and could hardly +stand up. This dog had been treated for worms, at first supposed to be +the cause of the trouble, and several well-known remedies tried, but no +worms and no stoppage of the dysentery. As a last resort he tried this +prescription, and cured the dog. From a full history of this extreme case, +furnished me by several letters during its duration, I have concluded that +this is a very valuable remedy and likely to cure when everything else fails: + +Specific aconite 10 drops + +Specific baptisia 10 drops + +Specific ipecac 15 drops + +Specific ecefolta " 1 dram- + +Glycerine • • • . 4 drams + +Add water (distilled) to make 8 ounces + +Of the first four articles use only Lloyd Bros.' preparations — a Cincinnati +wholesale drug firm. If your druggist doesn't have them in stock, he can +get them by ordering from Lloyd Bros.', or I can get this prescription +filled and send you. The dose would be at first — until you see a change +for the better — a teaspoonful every hour until three or four doses are given, +then every two hours. Of course, if the patient should be a very young +puppy, the dose should be smaller, but such cases of dysentery are seldom +found in puppies, except when a very great looseness of the bowels appears, +generally due to worms; such cases very likely will be cured by proper +worm treatment, which find under heading of Worms. In above pre- +scription the ecefolta is most excellent for the blood, blood-poisoning and +as a disinfectant to kill germs, and to reduce fever, which every dog has +in a case of dysentery. Dog also has a cold which the aconite will relieve. +The baptisia is for fever and the blood, the ipecac for the stomach and +mucous membrane of the stomach and bowels. I will add here that this +remedy was intended by the regular doctor, who prescribed it for this dog +— for humans, but was tried, and successfully, on the dog in this case. +Worms may have been the original cause of this case of dysentery. Dry +browned toast soaked in meat broths or gravy is very good food to use in +such cases of dysentery. + +Dent has written especially for this book the following on Dysentery: + +"This disease is frequently neglected with the false hope that it will +cure itself. It is a serious affection and demands prompt care and treat- +ment. Causes are inflammation of the mucous membrane of the lower +bowels or large intestines, accompanied by ulceration, and in many cases +bleeding. The action of poisons, eating of putrid food, rapid' changes from +heat to cold and. vice versa, also the after-effects of inflammation of the +small intestines. + +"Symptoms. — At first there is a loss of appetite, restlessness, painful +condition of the bowels, as attested by pressure on the belly. The nose is +hot and dry, the animal is feverish, and at first constipated. Afterwards +the bowels, after more or less straining, begin to move, the passages are +putrid and more disagreeable, become more frequent and tinged with blood +as a result of injury to the bowels, or with pus as a result of ulceration. + +"Treatment. — Give a dose to a 40-lb. dog, %oz. each of olive oil and +castor oil, to which can be added from 10 to 20 drops of laudanum; small- +er and larger dogs a proportonate dose. Give injections of boiled starch +water, with 20 to 40 drops of laudanum. If the disease has become chronic +it may be necessary to try several different prescriptions before arriving +at a cure. Here is one: + +Sub-nitrate of bismuth 2 drams + +Ipecacuana powdered 30 grains + +Pepsin 1 dram + +Siastrase , 4 grains + +Dose. — Divide into 12 powders and give one three times a day. + + + + + +"And here another: + + +Acid tannic 2 drams + +Opium powdered 12 grains + +Pepsin 1 dram + +"Dose. — Divide into 12 powders and give one three times a day. The +foregoing-sized doses are based on a 40-lb. dog. Smaller or larger dogs +in proportion. Feed white of egg, gelatin, beef tea, lime water and +milk, toast and beef tea. Keep the patient warm and quiet." + +Diarrhea. — Diarrhea is of very frequent occurrence in dogs, and more +particularly in young, puppies and in old and overfed dogs. It generally +exists as a result of indigestion, brought on by improper feeding. The +practice of leaving stale food from one meal to another is a common source +of this disease. Diarrhea may be classed as acute and chronic. In the +acute form there is much looseness of the bowels, frequently accompanied +or preceded by copious vomiting of acrid offensive matter; the evacua- +tions are loose, watery and offensive. If not checked, it soon produces +excessive weakness, and, especially in puppies, is the cause of great mor- +tality. In the chronic state the disease is slower in its progress and longer +in its duration. It may be set up by a diseased liver and excess of bile, or +it may be the result of inflammation of the bowels. A by no means un- +common cause is the abuse of calomel and other mercurials, these being +"specifics" with many persons for all dog diseases. Diarrhea often finishes +up the work of distemper, and this is so in most cases where, as too fre- +quently happens, mercurials have been relied on as a cure for that dis- +ease. Worms are also a common cause of diarrhea, and when these exist +the nature of the discharge is variable, frequent and small in quantity, +Sometimes lumpy, followed by gelatinous, glary matter, and often frothy +and covered with small air bubbles. When worms appear to be the cause, +means should be taken to expel them as directed later on. Exhalations +from accumulations of filth, and especially in low lying, damp and badly +drained and badly ventilated kennels, are also a cause of diarrhea, and +one which never should exist. In treating diarrhea it is often of con- +siderable advantage to give a mild purge to remove the irritating cause. +Castor oil is very suitable; and, if there is evidence of much pain attend- +ing the disease, a dose of laudanum, from 20 to 30 drops, may be added. +As a remedy in diarrhea I know of nothing equal to the following mix- +ture, which very rarely fails to check it if the patient at the same time +receives proper attention in other respects: + +Astringent Anodyne Mixture for Diarrhea. + +Take prepared chalk 3 drams + +Aramatic confection (powder) : . 2 drams + +Powdered gum acacia 1 dram + +(Laudanum) tincture of opium 1 ounce + +Oil of cassia 6 or 8 drops + +Tincture of catechu 3 drams + + + + +Spiritis of sal volatile' 2 drams + +Water sufficient to make 8 ounces • + +The powders must be rubbed very fine in a mortar, the oil of cassia within +them; the water must be gradually added, rubbing well to form a smooth +mixture. The tincture added in the bottle. Of this mixture the dose will +be from a half to two teaspoonfuls for puppies, and from one to two table- +spoonfuls for full-grown dogs, given every three or four hours, as long as +the purging continues. The bottle must be well shaken before measuring +the dose. + +When getting this filled, I would advise, either taking your book +to the druggist, or copying and showing him as to the mixing of the above. + +For convenience of form the following may, under circumstances, be +preferred, as it keeps well and is in less compass:* + +Spirits of camphor 2 drams + +Laudanum xk ounce + +Spirits of volatile '. . 2 drams + +Tincture of catechu 1 ounce + +Mix. Dose, from twenty drops to a teaspoonful in water every three or +four hours, if required. + +"The diet must be carefully regulated all through the disease; such +light and easily-digested food as well boiled oatmeal, rice or arrowroot +should be given, with milk or beef tea, and if the patient refuses to feed, +a little should be given with a spoon or a drencher every two or three +hours; when the dog is very weak, add a little port wine to the food; in- +stead of plain water, give rice or barley water to drink. In the case of +bitches suckling, the diet must be changed, a dose of castor oil given, and +the 'astringent anodyne mixture' in small closes, or an injection may. be +administered. + +"If the diarrhea is very persistent, and accompanied by blood, inject +twice a day into the rectum 2 gr. to 5 gr. of sulphate of copper with 15 to +60 drops of tincture of opium in 4 oz. of water. If this does not check it, +then give % gr. to Vz gr. of sulphate of copper, increasing the dose to +1 gr. with V2 gr. to 1 gr. of powdered opium. + +"It is most important that rigorous cleanliness should be observed. +All discharges should be immediately removed, and the animal kept clean +by sponging with lukewarm water if necessary, while disinfectants should +be sprinkled 'about. The patient should also be kept warm, and left as +quiet and undisturbed as possible. + +Dr. Clayton's diarrhea cure I have found a very good remedy in many +cases. Spratt's Patent (see advertisement) makes a diarrhea pill that I +have often used on my dogs, and with great success, in checking up this +trouble, which is often caused in dogs at a show by the change in water +drank there and on the trip. A tablet or pill is often more easily admin- +istered than a liquid. + +A party wrote as to a diarrhea from distemper in a six-months-old +pointer puppy, just over the distemper, that is getting along nicely and + + + + +has a fairly good appetitte, but is bothered with diarrhea. His passages +are very thin and very offensive. The puppy tries to do something quite +often, and then walks all over the kennel yard and passes a few drops only. +At the first stage of the distemper I doctored him for worms and took many +from him. For the last five or six weeks I have fed him on eggs and milk, +boiled together, with a few crackers in each mess. The diarrhea seems to +hold him back so he don't get fat as he should. The answer was to give +the dog the following, and, if necessary, to repeat the dose: + +Chalk 5 grains + +Laudanum 5 grains + +Ether 5 drops + +Mix and give in soup or milk; continue same feeding and to also give dry, +well-browned toast soaked in meat broths or meat gravy made with flour +in it. Understand that the above prescription was for one dose. + +Dislocations. — It is much the safest and best plan in such cases to at +once summon the veterinarian, and not trust to yourself, as the veretin- +arian's knowledge of anatomy and experience in operations of this kind +enables him to perform it more readily, and with the least pain possible +to the dog. If you are situated so that you cannot secure the veterinary, +first examine and determine in what direction the bone is parted from its +socket; for instance, in dislocation of the hip, the head of the thigh bone +is generally carried upwards and backwards, this being apparent to the +eye, as the injured side is thereby made higher and can readily be felt. +Have an assistant to hold the dog around the loins steady in one position, +while you take hold of the dislocated limb above the stifle joint, which will +retract the thigh bone downward and forward. In similar operations you +must be guided by the same principle. Rest will be needed for the pa- +tient, and violent exercise must not be allowed for some time. There is +always a disposition to a repetition of a dislocation. + +Dropsy. — This is an unnatural accumulation, of water in different parts +of the body, as in water on the brain, dropsy of the chest, dropsy of the +skin, and dropsy of the belly; and it is the last-named to which the dog +is most liable. Dropsy is generally, if not always, the result of some other +debilitating disease, and especially of inflammatory disorders; but it may +be brought on by unsuitable diet, or by the abuse of drastic purgatives. +With the development of shows a new danger has sprung up, as dogs are +too often kept on their benches to the suppression of the discharge of thf' +excretions, which is a recognized caused of inducing dropsy. Dropsy of the +belly need not in the bitch be mistaken for pregnacy, for in the latter +the teats enlarge with the belly, which is altogether firmer, and does not +droop until just before whelping, while the puppies can be felt through the +abdominal walls. In dropsy the belly is more pendulous and baggy, the +back is arched, and the water moves readily under pressure; the dropsical +animal, too, is generally poor in flesh and harsh in coat. The medicines +principally employed in dropsy are iodine, iron and other mineral tonics, + + +with digitalis and diuretics; 5 to 15 drops of benzoate of ammonium, or +1 to 3 drops of oil of juniper, with 5 to 20 drops of tincture of nux vomica, +in water, three times a day, are also useful in treating the disease which, +however, is always best left to a veterinary surgeon. + +Dyspepsia. — See Indigestion. + +Diabetes. — This is an increased abnormal flow of urine, the cause +being a derangement of some of the assimilative organs, and when long +established producing great emaciation and weakness. First, give a few +doses of mild purgative, of the "podophyllin pills." + +Podolphyllin 3 grains + +Compound extract of colocynth 15 grains + +Powdered rhubarb 24 grains + +Extract of henbane 18 grains + +Mix and divide into 12 pills. Dose one or two pills, according to size of +dog. One or two doses probably enough, if it moves the bowels. + +To allay the thirst, always present in diabetes, give (twice a day) 5 +to 30 drops (according to size of dog) of phosphoric acid, largely diluted +with water, and- to strengthen the system, 2 to 5 grains of sulphate of iron +twice a day in water. If the excessive flow of urine continues after this, +then use the following. + +Astringent Bolus for Diabetes — Take + +Gallic acid 1 dram + +Powdered alum 1 dram + +Powdered opium 12 grains + +Gum sufficient to form a mass; divide into 24 pills. Dose for a 25-lb. to +50-lb. dog, one pill twice a day. Small toy dogs, one-half pill. And larger +than 50-lb., 1 x/2 pill as a dose. Where the dog is weak and his appetite +impaired, have druggist add one grain of quinine to each pill when filling +prescription. + +Another case was prescribed for as follows: + +"My Cocker bitch drinks a great deal more water than two or three +of my other dogs drink, and she also passes a great deal of water — more +than any of my other dogs. Will you advise me what to do? + +From symptoms you mention the dog probably has diabetes. Give +some mild purgative for a few days. To allay the thirst give twice a day +5 to 30 drops (according to size of dog) of phosphoric acid largely diluted +with water. A dose of sulphate of iron, 2 to 5 grains, twice a day will +tone up the system. If the excessive flow continues after this treatment +use the following prescription: Gallic acid (one dram), powdered alum +(one dram), powdered opium (12 grains), gum sufficient to form a mass, + + + + +and divide into 24 pills. For dogs 25 to 50 pounds in weight give one +pill twice a day; Toy dogs, one-half pill. Twenty-four grains quinine +added to the prescription will be of value if the dog is weak or appetite +impaired." + +The following, from Field and Fancy, is also valuable advice: + +"Diabetes is characterized by an abnormal flow of urine, caused by +derangement of some of the assimilative organs; when long established +it produces great emaciation and weakness. The treatment consists in giv- +ing first a few doses of a mild purgative, such as the podophyllin pills. +To allay the thirst, which is always present in diabetes, give twice a +day 5 to 30 droys of phosphoric acid, largely diluted with water, and to +strengthen the system 2 gr. to 5 gr. of suphate of iron twice a day in +water. If the excessive flow of urine continues after this treatment, resort +must be had to opium, iodine, alum, oak-bark, or its preparations. The +following bolus may prove useful in such cases: + +Astringent Bolus for Diabetes. — Take gallic acid, 1 dr.; powdered alum, +1 dr.; powdered opium, 12 gr. ; gum sufficient to form a mass; divide +into twenty-four pills. Dose for a twenty pound dog, one twice a day. +Where the animal is weak and the appetite impaired, 1 gr. of quinine may +be added to each pill." + +Diptheria. — Some veterinarians hold that dogs are liable to this alarm- +ing and fatal disease. At the slightest suspicion of diphtheria, isolate the +patient, as it is contagious, and call in a veterinary surgeon at once. + +I have never had a case of diphtheria as yet in any of my dogs, but +should I have, would at once call in a good doctor or veterinarian. This +disease should be treated the same as if in a person. + +Dent, at my request, furnishes the following article on this disease: + +"There* has been considerable discussion over this disease, which is +so alarming in the human family. While some veterinarians hold that +this disease does not exist in dogs, others contend as religiously that it does. + +"There are cases on record where a dog has contracted the disease +from eating the food that had previously been placed before an affected +child, and it is reasonable to presume that the disease is communicable +from man to dog, and vice versa, when we consider the intimate terms under +which they exist. + +"The cause of this disease in the dog, as in man, is a specific germ +which attacks the throat, or nose, or both and extends from them down +into the wind pipe. + +"Symptoms. — Difficulty in swallowing, more or less difficulty in breath- +ing, chills, fever, marked debility and exhaustion. + +"Treatment. — The slightest suspicion of this disease calls for isolation, +increased attention to sanitation, careful disinfection, and the attenton of a +skillful veterinarian, who should use antitoxin exactly as used in human +practice. Feed easily digested food, and as the animal passes the critical +period and approaches convalescene, use a good tonic condition pill, any +of thoso advertised in this book." + + + + +Deafness. — A very considerable number of dogs suffer from deafness. +In many the disease is congenital, but I do not know that it is hereditary; +and I am quite at a loss to explain why congenital deafness is so much +oftener seen in white dogs, or those with a preponderance of white, than +in those of any other color. Bulldogs, bull terriers and white English +terriers seem to be peculiarly liable to this defect. Deafness is also fre- +quently caused by accumulations of wax and this can be removed by syring- +ing the ear daily with 1 part of spirits of wine and 20 parts of warm water, +afterwards drying the ear thoroughly, by means of a piece of wool rolled +upon a probe or pointed piece of stick. Several fresh pieces of wool will be +necessary. Canker is also a fruitful cause of deafness. + +I know of no treatment for congenital deafness likely to be of any +use except when it is caused by a morbid growth capable of being removed. +Among other causes producing deafness, blows may be mentioned; also +lugging at the ear — a most brutal mode of punishment often resorted to +by keepers and those having the care of sporting field dogs — and the lodg- +ment of water in the ear cavity. In the latter case, pouring in a little pure +oil of sweet almonds may give relief; and in the other cases the treatment +recommended for internal canker may be beneficially followed with, in +addition, the application of a blister behind the ears. Whilst the dog is +under treatment, cooling, aperient medicine should be given, and a light +diet with green vegetables adopted. You will find that dogs born deaf, +like a deaf and dumb person, have their other senses quickened, and the +dog will be remarkably sharp at interpreting signs given by the master, +who should adopt a system of signs and keep to them. If you own a deaf +dog, you should have an enclosed yard for him so no danger of his getting +out on the street and hurt or killed by a passing wagon or street car — +and remember, if you have him out for a walk, that he is deaf, so that no +harm befalls him; you do the watching out in this case. Deafness does +not transmit — simply happens — so that a deaf bitch will be just as good +to use for breeding purposes. ■ + +Epilepsy. — Dogs are peculiarly liable to this trouble. The symptoms +are sudden loss of sensation, a violent convulsive action of the muscles, +both of the body and limbs, champing of the jaws and emission of froth +from the mouth, the tongue may get cut by the involuntary action of the +jaw and being tinged with blood adds to the fears of those ignorant of +the disease, and from this unfounded alarm the dog may be supposed to +be mad (?) and the poor fellow killed. See treatment under head of +Epileptic Fits. + +Eye, Diseases of the Dogs are subject to all eye troubles that hu- +mans are, and perhaps more so. Eye troubles I have had great success +in treating, and when I see them appear in a dog I am not at all worried. +They must be cared for at once, however. Accidents to the eye are not +uncommon, as from scratches by a cat, injuries from- a blow, or in fighting. +In such cases the first thing to do is to bathe it with warm water for +from fifteen to thirty minutes, this to reduce the swelling and inflamma- +tion which follows. If the injury is great, a veterinarian had best be called + + + + +in but otherwise Eberhart's Eye Lotion, "No 1" or "No. 2," can be used +three or four times daily with good results, just a few drops: + +Eberhart's Eye Lotion — No. 1. + +Cocaine 10 grains + +Sulphate of zinc 10 grains + +Rose water, imported 2 ounces + +Now, as to the above, this is the one I had in First Edition of this +book, only there I had in it 38 grains of cocaine, instead of 10 grains, as +in this. Under the old formula I used it "for years, and with it I saved +the sight of hundreds of- dogs. + +A lady living near New York had a Blenheim spaniel that was nearly +blind from diseased eyes. She took it to a celebrated occulist in New York, +who pronounced it a hopeless case, telling her that- the dog would go totally +blind, and very soon. She wrote me and I sent her this prescription, and +in a couple of weeks her dog's eyes were as sound and well as any dog's +eyes ever were. The dog's eyes were apparently nearly dropping out of its +head, and looked as if you could knock them off with your finger, when +she took him to this eye doctor. When she, after the cure, showed the dog +to the doctor he could hardly believe it was the same dog, and said: "Well, +it's simply wonderful." + +Now here is + +Eberhart's Eye Lotion "No. 2." + +Acid boracic 10 grains + +Cocaine 9 grains + +Sulphate of zinc ". 2 grains + +Aqua camphor 1 tablespoonful + +Aqua rosa 1 tablespoonful + +Drop in eye, a few drops, two or three times daily. + +I now consider "No. 2" a better one than "No. 1," for most all eye +troubles, and have used it for several years instead of "No. 1." It can +never do any harm, but always benefit. This one, due to the camphor +water in it, will not keep well for over a few weeks or so, and therefore +should this be remembered and not used when having stood too long. +Either should be always tightly corked, and a glass stoppered bottle is +much the best. Only get half the prescription filled at a time, probably +enough for the case, and saves extra expense. If any trouble in getting it, +I can sent it by mail for sixty cents. + +AVhenever I find any trouble in any of my. dogs eyes I at once use the +No. 2, even in case of a slight cold caught and which had settled into the +eye, as shown by inflammation, mattery or watery discharge, or even only +an apparent weakness or blinking when dog was exposed to a strong light. +In such cases, bathing the eyes first, with a Boracic Acid solution, (how + + + + +to make is given under that heading), see index, just a couple drops twice +a day, is required. + +Pugs, toy spaniels and all dogs with prominent or "pop eyes," as +they are termed, are greatly troubled with their eyes, and here is where +I found out the merits of my own eye remedies. + +You may discover some morning the eye of your dog covered with +a blue film, this is so common in pop eyed dogs that I named it "blue eye" +for short. Very rapidly this eye, the ball, will enlarge, and if not promptly +treated will assume proportions that are apparently startling, and in a +few days if not taken care of, the ball of the eye would bulge out so much +that it would seem as if it would drop out of its head. Don't be alarmed, +for my lotion "No. 2" will take care of this, will cure the eye, which +in due time will be sound as ever, the same as it was before this trouble +appeared, and the sight saved, as perfect as ever. No. 2 will never fail to +cure ulceration and perforation of the ball of the eye if used in time. In +some cases a white spot or speck will remain, but the sight is all right, +and to remove this spot use the following: + +Eye Salve. + +Vaseline 1 ounce + +Yellow oxide of mercury 2 grains + +Mix, use daily, putting inside the eye a portion about the size of a pea, +then closing the eye rub it gently. This prescription should be +thoroughly and carefully mixed by your druggist. This is very im- +portant- + +In other cases the "No. 2" has done all the curing, and there was no +white spot left. Due to the present stringent laws in many states as to +narcotics, it will be necessary to have your doctor write this prescription +because of the cocaine in it. Where I 'discovered" this "No. 2" was in +the case of a Pug dog I had bought, that when I received her from the +express company, had gotten this on her long trip, and I at once took her +to my own eye doctor, Dr. Robert C. Heflebower, (now one of the greatest, +if not the greatest, eye specialist in the .world, today. My bill with him +for this dog was eighteen dollars), and now with "No. 2" it can be cured +for less than a dollar. I consider this "No. 2" worth more than twenty +times the cost of a copy of this book. + +Dogs are subject to affections of the eye in more or less degree ac- +cording to their breed and uses. Hunting dogs are naturally, owing to the +nature of their work, more subject than other dogs to receive injuries +from thorns, dust and dirt and other foreign matter. This will be followed +by more or less inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the eye- +lids, which is attended by a watery discharge at first and assuming a more +purulent condition as the trouble increases. + +It is well known that a small particle of grit may remain under an +eyelid in spite of fomentations, and should the eye be examined without +discovery of the source of trouble, very often an application of pure olive +oil with a camel's hair brush to the underpart of the eyelid Avill often + + +succeed in carrying off the irritant, which may be too small to discern. +This, however, is usually to be considered merely a preliminary step, and +my Eye Lotion No. 2 should be then used to remove the inflammation thus +caused. If your dog brings about a swollen or inflamed condition of the +eyelids through a chance scratch of the claws in rubbing their face, use +my Eye Lotion No. 2, after having first bathed the parts with warm water. +Different form of indigestion may be associated with irritation of the +mucous membranes throughout, and the eyes will suffer in common with +the other parts. Rheumatism is also one of the maladies which are at- +tended with inflammation, more or less pronounced, of the eyes, with the +eyeball itself and the lids participating in the disorder. It must, therefore, +be obvious that the common expression, "a discharge from the«eyes," may +refer to a variety of morbid conditions which are not to be counteracted +by an application of a lotion to the eye. Perhaps a safe guide for the +tyro in medicine may be found in the duration of the discharge. In any +case of simple irritation from the presence of dirt or grit it may be fairly ex- +pected that the symptoms will cease very quickly upon the application of +simple remedies, that is to say after it has been clearly ascertained that +there is no offending body adherent to the underneath part of the eyelid. +The continuance of the discharge week after week, or even month after +month, may certainly be taken to mean that something more than ordinary +irritation of a simple kind is present, and under such circumstances the +chances are that the common eye water, for example, three or four grains of +boracic acid in an ounce of rose water, for example, three or four grains of +possibly do some harm by checking the discharge, which is really critical +in its character. The proper course in such cases would be to consult an +expert in diseases of the dog, who will most probably be able to find some +constitutional cause to account for what has been looked upon as a local +disorder. + +Eye, Amaurosis of the. — This is a loss of sight, partial or entire, arising +from one of several causes; the optic nerve is palsied, which may have +arisen from a blow near the eye. Exhaustion from suckling will produce +amaurosis and bitches sometimes exhibit it during gestation; excess of light +is also a cause. The eye is unnaturally clear and glittering, the pupil ex- +panded and fixed, and that the dog is partially or entirely blind is seen by +his stepping high and with needless care when nothing is in his way and +running against things that are. If when you feint a blow the eye does not +move, total blindness may be assumed. + +Eberhart's Eye Lotion No. 2 (See Opthalmia) may do a lot of good if +used at once, as I have never found any case of eye trouble that it did not +help or cure. This eye lotion should not be kept on hand very long, how- +ever, as the camphor water in it destroys its virtues after a time. If you +find the trouble due to a deranged nervous system, 3 to 10 drops of tincture +of nux vomica in a little water, twice daily after food, is useful. + +Eyeball, Protrusion of. — It sometimes occures in fighting that the eye- +ball is forced out of its socket, and the lid, contracting, prevents its return. +I cannot recommend the amateur to attempt to return the eyeball to its + + +place, but the veterinary surgeon should be sent for, and in the meantime +a small stream of lukewarm water should be kept running onto the part +to keep the muscles relaxed as much as possible, to facilitate the necessary +operations in returning the eyeball to its place. + +Eyes, Watery or Weeping. — This trouble seems to be inherited by +some breeds of dogs, such as Italian greyhounds, Blenheim spaniels, Mal- +tese terriers and white Toy poodles. In these cases a strong astringent +will do harm and induce inflammation. Bathing with an infusion of green +tea will have a good effect, and the use of the following simple eye lotion +will do much good. I use it for any ordinary inflammation due to a cold. +Take 2 grams of ordinary rochelle salts to 2 ounces of rose water and drop +in eyes twice a day. Being a cheap remedy, I also bathe the eyes with it +instead of water, a six ounce mixture only costing a dime of any reasonable +druggist. This weakness may arise from a slight inflammation. A purge +if the dog is gross and fat, and you can use the following Lotion for Weak +Eyes: + +Sulphate of zinc '. 12 grains + +Laudanum % ounce + +Distilled water 6 ounces + +Eyelids, Inversion of the Lower Lid of This causes serious trouble, + +opthalmia, etc. An operation is the only means of cure, which should be +performed by a skilled veterinarian, as in unskilled hands serious mischief +would arise. A piece of skin is removed below the eye, and a small muscle +which is responsible for the turning in of the eye, is severed. The wound +should not be sutured, but allowed to heal under a. scab, which helps to +pull the eyelid outward and slightly downward, relieving the condition +naturally. + +This is not very common in many breeds, but in some breeds that have +a small, deep set-in eye,, as Chow Chows, some Terriers, it is often found. +If an operation is decided upon, remember the danger of chloroform if it +be a Chow Chow. I have a Chow that has had this trouble in both eyes, +for two years that I showed and made a champion of during this time. I +had my own eye specialist come to my kennels prepared to perforin the +operation, and after a look at the dog and his eyes, said to me: "I am +afraid if I give this dog chloroform, that it will mean a dead dog," so +the doctor did not operate. He told me, however, to slip the hairs off of +the eyelid, and paint with colodion every few days, under the eyes across +the lid, about a quarter of an inch wide; also, to wash away the whitish +discharge morning and night, and then to drop in the eyes a few drops of +the following: + +Hydrastes 2 drams + +Camphor water G drams + +Which treatment I am keeping up yet, the result being that the dog's +sight is as keen and perfect as ever, and bids fair to continue so. The + + + + +colodion dries quickly, and then after dry, I put a second coat on top of +the first one. + +* +Eye Iritis, or Inflammation of the Iris, is sometimes seen in dogs. The + +iris being the membrane that gives the color to the eye, in the center of + +which is the pupil. Deep-seated inflammation is usually the cause, or by + +direct violence. Symptoms are contraction of the pupil, which does not + +have the same power as usual of contracting and dilating to regulate the + +amount of light to be admitted; tears flow over lid, light is avoided, and + +the eye is bloodshot. If the inflammation increases and is prolonged, the + +usual termination would be suppuration (formation of matter), and the + +loss of sight. First place the dog in a darkened kennel or room, apply hot + +fomentations continuously to the eye, and introduce sulphate of atropine + +into the organ. Discs of sulphate of atropine you can get at your druggist's, + +with instructions how to use. + +Eyelashes, Turned in. — This occurs occasionally, the eyelash may grow +across the pupil, interfering with the dog's comfort and vision. In ordi- +nary cases simply clipping with the scissors will do, but sometimes excision +and cauterization of the part is necessary. Either of my Eye Lotions to be +used if inflammation is present. + +Haw, Enlargement of. — The haw, or third eyelid, as it is sometimes +called, is a fold of membrane situated at the inner corner of the eye, capable +of expansion, and is used to sweep across the globe of the eye to cleanse it +from flies, dirt or other foreign bodies that have blown in. This membrane, +from constitutional causes, from blows or irritation from extraneous matter +lodged in the eye, becomes inflamed and enlarged, which interferes with the +sight, preventing the eyelids from closing. My Eye Lotion No. 2 would do +good here also, the treatment being astringent lotions, lunar caustic, or +cutting off the excrescent growth, according to the circumstances of the case. + +Eye, Opthalmia of the — What is called the conjunctiva is the mucous +membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids, and as its name +imports, joints these with the eyeball, and opthalmia is an inflammation +of this mucous membrane. This is a disease unfortunately common in +dogs; it varies greatly in severity, and in some cases, when arising from +constitutional causes, becomes chronic. Sporting dogs have been said to +be more liable to it than other breeds, but I do not think so, and I believe +the idea originated from the fact that these have generally been more ex- +posed to circumstances exciting it than other breeds. From my own exper- +ience, I am inclined to think it is more prevalent in pugs and other pets +overfed, and consequently liable to frequent derangement of the digestive +organs. + +Anything that will set up local irritation, as the intrusion of dust, flies, +etc., or the scratch of a cat, or a blow, exposure to sudden and extreme +changes of temperature- — as plunging into or being thrown into cold water +when heated — and excessive exertion is occasionally a cause, but the most +common sources are the vapors of foul kennels or hot stables, and de- + + +rangement of the digestive organs; an inverted eyelash may occasion it. + +Opthalmia is very often an accompaniment of distemper. There, is one +form of disease which is attended with considerable discharge from the +eyes undoubtedly possessing contagious qualities. This affection is known +as contagious optbalmia. Perhaps the most marked illustration of this va- +riety of the affection in the dog is that which is associated with distemper, +and it may be noted here that by the term opthalmia is meant the disease +which implicates the eyeball itself. + +The symptoms are an intolerance of light and a watery discharge, +and on the eyelids being opened and examined there is seen to be conges- +tion of the lining membrane, and across the cornea, or front clear portion +of the eye, there are red streaks, and ulceration soon follows, and a white +film abscures the eye and interferes with the sight. + +More or less opacity of the cornea is one of the symptoms of opthalmia +either of the simple and contagious variety, and, in the case of the dog +affected with the ophthalmia of distemper, the indications are of a most +marked character. The conjunctival membrane is highly injected and +reddened, the cornea becomes opaque early in the disease and very fre- +quently a small spot of ulceration appears in the center of it, which rapidly +extends, and in many cases penetrates the cornea, completely allowing +the fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye to escape. A .profuse dis- +charge of a purulent character continues during the whole course of the +disease, and one of the annoying features of the complaint is the glueing +together of the eyelids, which can only be separated by very careful and +continued fomentations of warm water or, what is better, warm milk. + +When treating, the cause should be first sought for, and if it is some +foreign irritating body, or an eyelash growing in a wrong direction, these +should be removed. A mild dose of cooling aperient medicine should be +given, and the eye should be well and frequently bathed with a decoction +of poppy heads; and afterward, if the inflammation is considerable, the +following lotion may be used several times a day with advantage: + +Eye Lotion. — Extract of belladonna, half a dram, rose water, four +ounces;" wine of opium, two drams — mixed. + +Eye, Cataract of the — This is an opacity of the eyeball, a whitish, +opaque spot, which gradually enlarges and has generally ended in blind- +ness. It is supposed to be incurable by our best authorities, generally +occurring in aged dogs — these are evidences of failing health and probable +breaking up of the system. It frequently follows ophtalmia, but might be +the result of inflammation or a wound, or blow. My Eye Lotion No. 2 +will do some good even in such cases. + +Ear Canker, Internal. — There are two forms of this disease, internal +and external, the latter generally the result of the former. I will first +prescribe for internal. Canker is a term generally applied to different +obstinate, corroding, or heating humors, horses having it in the feet, +sheep having "foot rot;" but unless the irritation is caused in the foot +of the dog, sometimes by hard running on rough ground, causing cankerous sores, and which should be treated the same as internal ear canker, +it is not found in dogs except in the ear. + +Causes. — First of all, and most common, is some injury, such as blows +on the ear or pulling the ears, a habit some people have as a method of +correction, and one that is most pernicious. Others, of which probably +the principal one is getting the cars full of water in diving, swimming or +retrieving from water, followed by lack of exercise; too rich food, dirty, +damp kennel to sleep in, and excess of fat, as it is often found in fat, lazy +dogs. + +Canker may be the result of exposure to cold, over-feeding, the pres +ence of insects; foreign bodies, or an accumulation of wax in the ear, are +also fertile causes, while the most common is the washing of dogs with +coarse alkaline soaps which are totally unfit for the sensitive skin of the +dog. The soap, during the washing, gains access to the ear, setting up +dangerous inflammation. + +Hugh Dalziel says: "Is there not another and frequent cause — whether +those sportsmen (?) do not often produce it who, instead of correcting +their dogs by the legitimate means of the voice and the whip, resort +to another method much to be condemned. 'Lugging' a dog is as cruel +as kicking him, neither is a fit mode of punishment and the former +very likely to produce canker." + +Ear canker is one of the nuisances of dog keeping, and when neg- +lected is a most obstinate complaint. The experienced dogman is always +on the alert, but the novice may not detect the trouble until the ear +discharges an acrid secretion. The careful kennelman will examine his +dogs' ears as a part of the daily grooming. + +Internal Canker is an inflammation of the lining membrane of the +passage to the ear, which if neglected turns into ulceration and suppuration, +and when of long standing a blackish, offensive discharge takes place, +accumulating in the air passage, and the interior of the ear will be found +red and inflamed. + +When you notice the following symptoms begin at once to treat him +for it, the sooner the better, to save your dog pain and yourself trouble: + +The dog thus suffering will be observed frequently scratching his ear +with his paw, holding his head on one side, giving it a violent shake, as +though to empty something out, the pain and irritation, causing him, to +thus shake his head, whereby the flaps of they ear get bruised, ulcerations +form, the tips become sore, the inflammation in the interior lining mem- +brane extends to the outside and from the shaking and scratching is formed +external canker. + +When a dog shakes his head, scratches his ear with his paw, and +holds his head to one side, it is high time to investigate and apply remedies. + +The acrid discharges, if not cleared away will lead to irritation of +the flap of the ear, the flap swells and looks angry, often breaking out in +sores at the tips and edges. This is external canker. The peculiarly of- +fensive odor of the ear passage is a sure sign of internal canker. + +Treatment. — Wash out the ear with warm water and soapsuds, use +either Castile or Eberhart's Dog Soap; rinse with clean warm, water and +peroxyde of hydrogen, one part of peroxyde to four parts of water by +measure. + +Dry out the ear with absorbent cotton swabs made by rolling cotton +loosely on a skewer or clean piece of stick. Dry thoroughly. + +The ear is now ready for treatment, and here is my remedy which has +never failed to cure the most obstinate cases., even of long standing, and +I give this as having proved to be an infallible cure. + +I cured a valuable poodle that had a bad case in both ears for a +year; three veterinarians having treated the dog and failed to cure him. +The dog was then shipped to my kennels and I sent him back in a few +weeks entirely cured. This was the worst case I ever saw or handled, +and I cured him with the prescription herewith given: + +Iodine 16 grains + +Iodide of potassium 32 grains + +Mix these two first in a tablespoonful of water and then add one pint +of pure cider vinegar. Keep in bottle corked up. + +After ear has been cleaned out and dried as directed, take your dog +and lay his head on your knee and pour in or inject with a rubber syringe +if he will hold still, about a tablespoonful of the remedy into the ear and +gently work or knead it in for a few minutes. Do this once a day only +until the ear gets better, and then every other day is often enough. You +can look for a cure of ordinary cases in a week or less if treatment was +begun promptly at first signs, neglected cases requiring more time. + +Here are several other good remedies: + +Creolin 30 grains + +Sulphate of zinc , , 16 grains + +Water 8 ounces + +This one should be injected twice daily after cleansing the ear same +as |or the first remedy given. + +This one is to be .used three times a day. Cleanse the ear with in- +jections of equal parts of peroxyde of hydrogen and water three timefe a +day, then injeet two t'easpoonfuls of the following: Sulphate of zinc one +dram, sugar of lead two drams, glycerine two ounces, water six ounces. + +And this one to be used twice a day: Sulphate of zinc "ten grains, +acetate of lead thirty grains, credlin one-half ounce, glycerine three ounces, +water to make eight ounces; inject a tablespoonful into the ear twice a +day. + +The discharge from the ear will cause sores on the inside of flap, so +when injecting the medicine wash these sores with the same. My iodine +prescription is especially good for these sore spots. Injecting with rubber +syringe is always best, if your dog will hold quiet and not resist treatment, +and in his struggling injurs the ear from the syringe. If you can't con- +trol and keep him quiet, then pouring it in will do, the main objection being + +medicine wasted. I find very little trouble in giving any dog medicine +for I go at him easy and gently, talking to him and thus giving him to +understand that his doctor is his friend. There are few dogs that you +cannot talk to and reason with, kind treatment very soon winning their +confidence. You can, of course, tell when ear is cured as the discharge and +offensive smell ceases, ear looks healthy and dog has stopped scratching +and shaking his head. + +It cannot 'be too firmly insisted upon that, whenever a dog is suffer- +ing from ear canker or from any eruption or skin disease, it is quite neces- +sary to give a good internal medicine as it is to apply a suitable external +lotion. The only blood medicine known to many dog fanciers is sulphur. +A new prescription, therefore, may not be out of place here. The follow- +ing may be made up into pills, and will prove an excellent all-round +tonic and blood purifier. Take of: + +Sulphate of iron (dried) 12 grains + +Sulphate of quinine 6 grains + +Bicarbonate of soda (dried) 24 grains + +Liquorice Root Powder and Extract of Gentian — Sufficient of each to + +form a suitable mass. + +Divide the above Into twelve pills, one of which morning and night +will do for a dog of 20 lbs. More or less in proportion for other dogs. +Or Dent's or Clayton's Blood Purifying Pills are also both good to use, +in old or very bad cases. This cannot be done with one box perhaps, any +more than you could cure yourself with a single bottle of spring medi- +cine if your blood was out of order, so keep up treatment until desired +result has been accomplished. + +Ear Canker, External. — This generally follows or appears in connec- +tion with internal canker, due to the poisonous discharge from ear, caus- +ing sores on the flap or edges of ear. The tears and scratches from briars +and thorns in working hunting dogs in close coverts, if not given attention, +may also set up external caker. Exteral canker is a sore or sores much +of the nature of a cancer, a sore appearing on the outside or inside of +the ear which eats a hole through to the other side if- not arrested. It +is much harder t© cure than internal canker. It often exists as a se- +quence of inflammation, ulceration, or suppuration of the internal passage. +External canker often starts, especially- in hounds and pointers, or any +long-eared dogs, with a small sore that gradually eats into the flap until +it makes a slit in the ear that continues to grow deeper, and will be per- +haps a quarter inch wide. This will be scabbed over on edges of the slit +with a thin scab, bleeding a good deal, due to dog c'ontin»allv shaking his +head,- Make a hood or cap of a piece of canvas of sufficient length to +reach around the dog's head, having two pieces of tape running through +a hem at each side lengthwise, by which you can draw the cap tight enough +around the dogs' neck behind tho ears, and aga'n, just above the eyes, +tying them underneath. This hood or cap prevents dog from irritating the +ears by flapping them. + + +Treatment. — First wash and dry the sores nicely, then touch the sore +edges twice a day with following solution: Sulphate of copper one dram +to an ounce of water. Here are several other remedies: Yellow oxide +of mercury 15 grains to one ounce of simple ointment. Mix, and use +once a day to sores after having first cleaned them. Another is, if any of +the sores look "angry" scrape with a knife a little blue stone into fine +powder and dust the ear with it; or, after bathing and drying nicely touch +them with a point of lunar caustic. As soon as you have cauterized the +sores apply a damp sponge or cloth. + +Quoting Hugh Dalziel: — "There are other cases where the whole of +the external ear becomes swollen and tender, the flap thickened and filled +with fluid between the skin and the cartilage or gristle; in such cases +the best plan is, after bathing the ears well, to cut them with a lancet, +press out the bloody matter, and, having again well washed and softly +dried the ears, let them be touched with the following: + +Lead Liniment. + +Goulard's extract of lead 1 ounce + +Glycerine and carbolic acid % ounce + +Finest olive oil 4 y2 ounces + +"Mix the two first named, and add the oil gently, rubbing together +in a mortar. Shake bottle well before using. In getting the gly- +cerine and carbolic acid from your druggist, I mean it to be one +part pure carbolic acid in five parts. + +"There is also a mangy affection of the ear which might be confounded +with external canker; in such cases the edges of the ear become dry, hot +and scaly, and hair come out, but this is not ear canker and should be +treated as mange with Eberhart's Skin Cure, applying it twice daily, rub- +bing it on until ear softens up and gently scraping off the hair with the +fingers." + +Enlarged Joints — All large joints are not diseased. In selecting a +pup from a litter the big jointed ones ore to be preferred. Enlarged joints, +from the want of the hard, earthy materials in the bone, which makes them +yielding, so that they cannot support the weight of the body, consequently +giving away, producing deformity, are, however, often met with, caused +generally by bad food, lack of good water, fresh air and sunshine. (See +Rickets.) + +Ear, Polypus in the — This will occur sometimes in the lining mem- +brane of the external meatus. Their removal should be left to the vet- +erinary surgeon. + +Ear, Wax Hardening in the Warm water injections are useful and + +afterward the ear should be carefully dried; or better yet, glycerine first +put in hot water and when cool enough to use, inject into dog's ear. His + + + + +head laid flat on one side. Or, a little oil of almonds poured into the caviy is +good. Either should be kept up daily until the wax is softened. Another +good thing is one part spirits of wine to twenty parts of lukewarm water. +Dry afterward with cotton-wool rolled around a probe or piece of pointed + +stick. + +Enteritis — (See Bowels, Inflammation of.) + +Erythema. — A superficial inflammation of the skin. Dogs occasionally +have it; not often a serious matter, though at times quite obstinate. The +skin peels, leaving the part tender and sore. The mouth is often the seat +of the disease, and the skin finally becomes wrinkled. Administer a purga- +tive and bathe the parts with a saturated solution of boracic acid lotion +(non-poisonous). + +Eczema. — This is not contagious, and in this respect, differs from +mange, which is. It is a constitutional trouble and no external application +alone will ever cure it, and you simpy waste time and medicine giving ex- +ternal treatment alone,, for to insure a cure of this disease, internal and +external treatment both are required. Neither must you expect to cure +it up in a short time, which you ran do in mange, for eczema requires time +and patience on your part — and the proper treatment. The blood must he +purified, and you know that if you yourself were "taking a spring medicine +for a general cleaning out and getting your blood in the right condition +you would not expect to do it on one single bottle of Dr. Somebody's Sarsa- +parilla. Eczema requires a proper course of medicine, but can be cured. In +this disease. the hair sacks or follicles are the "principal seat of the dis3ase, +becoming inflamed, and if the animal is a white one the hair assumes a. +rusty or reddish color at the roots. The inside of the thighs, back of the +forelegs, Hie elbows and belly art the parts first affected. Prompt means +must be taken at this tinr? to check it up or inflammation increases rapidly, +and the entire skin and subcutaneous tissues will be involved, the hair +drops out from the affected follicle, purulent matter exudes and pustules +form, which break open, the matter from them running together and form- +ing scabs, which crack open and bleed, and the animal has become a pitiful +and loathsome object, emitting a very disagreeable odor. + +In my forty years' experience in handling dogs I have found at least +fifty cases of eczema to one of mange. Any skin trouble appearing on a +dog the first conclusion of so many is that it is mange, and here is where +the mistake often comes in. Eczema is curable in a dog the same as in +a human, but patience and regular, persistent treatment must be expected +to be given the patient. + +' In every article on eczema given herein Eberhart's Skin Cure will do +the work externally, and nothing more certain to use for the external part +of the treatment, in lieu of any others advised in either of the articles. It +is also safe and non-poisonous. + +It will require a month or even two or three months' treatment to effect +a cure in eczema, but if you follow treatment, and keep it up faithfully, you + + + + +will surely be rewarded for your trouble by again seeing your dog as lie +should be — in his usual good health and condition. + +A couple years ago I found out something new to use internally, for +the blood, in connection with my skin remedy,, externally. A pure white +sulphur, only obtainable of a homeopathic druggist, and is called — Sulphur +12X. I succeeded in curing up several cases of chronic eczema that I had +failed with before. One was a Chow Chow, a long-coated dog, that was +almost bare of hair, using the skin remedy once a day, well rubbed in with +the hands, and giving him morning and night, mixed in his food, (as it is +tasteless), as much as would hold on a silver dime. Sometimes I gave it +dry, by opening mouth and dropping it well back on his tongue, mornings, +when his breakfast was dry Spratt's dog cakes. This dogs coat came out +full, this part mostly due to my skin remedy, which is a hair grower. If +no homeopathic druggist in your town, your druggist can order it for you, +or, you can get it from me. I consider this valuable treatment for eczema, +as so far, it has not failed to cure. + +If your dog has skin trouble, find out whether it is eczema, or one +of the several kinds of mange, see "Mange",. also. + +The following, on eczema, written by Dr. F. Holmes Brown, is an able +article on this subject: + +"Eczema in the dog manifests many of the same signs and symptoms +of the same disease found in man. No disease in the whole range of skin +diseases is so difficult to treat properly. In eczema in the dog it is especially +important that one first of all find out what is causing the disease, then +seek to remove it. In that way only can we hope for success. + +"Eczema is an acute or chronic catarrhal inflammatory disease of the +skin. In the dog it manifests itself in two separate and distinct forms; first, +the blotch or nervous or neurotic form, and second, the red mange or irri- +tative form. The lesions in this disease vary according to the acting cause, +the seat of the disease and the care given the dog. The blotch or neurotic +form attaclfs the skin on the head and along the back. This form is similar +to the "milk crust" found in children, and li due to much the same causes. +The red mange is that form in which the skin is generally red, but it is +more visible under the legs, on the back and abdomen. + +"The usual form of eruption in canine eczema cinsists of a large num- +ber of small water pimples or vesicles frequently covering a large extent +of skin. These are formed close together, forming quite large water blis- +ters. When opened these look cellular in structure from the many small +pimples of which they are composed. They terminate either by absorption +or rupture. They come in crops and remain for varying periods of time. +All dogs are liable to attacks of this disease. Eczema becomes chronic +after repeated attacks. When we have a subdued form, there is a greater +tendency to crusting, and in severe cases to the formation of pus. In the +blotch, lack of exercise, constipation, over-feeding, injurious foods and +indigestion are the main causes. In the red mange form, lack of assimila- +tion, rheumatism, gout, and external irritation, as lice and ticks act as +causes. In both of these forms, lack of exercise is one of the most impor- +tant causes. This results in an over-heated blood surcharged with the +partly assimilated food, and in nature seek3 to get rid of this excess of +effete material by the skin. + + + +"This is carried off by the exudation. This is a law of nature, when +the ordinary channels are clogged, to try and excrete these substances +through the skin. This is particularly so in cases due to rheumatism, where +nature seeks to rid the system of the excess of uric acid and urates. These +substances act as direct irritants to the skin, and set up a catarrhal inflam- +mation. Washing dogs affected with eczema is to be avoided, as much as +possible, as both water and soap act as a direct irritant to the already +inflamed skin. The sulphate of magnesia or soda is in the beginning of +treatment of great value. When there is much constitutional disturbance, +opium and calomel in grain closes are indicated. Benzoated oxide of zinc +ointment in the milder forms is of great benefit. Tincture of arnica, 15 +to 20 grains to the ounce, of an oily lotion is of value. Lotions contain- +ing salol or salicylic acid from five to thirty grains to the ounce, resorcin +in the same proportion. Dusting powders composed of acetanilid, salol, +salicylic acid, or resorcin with sterate of zinc as a base, is of value. When +disease is due to debility, mineral tonics and cod liver oil should be given. +When the disease becomes chronic, stronger remedies must be used; oint- +ments containing juniper tar, green soap and sulphur are of value. The +ointment of the nitrate and ammoniate of mercury are much used. In +cases where the skin is especially sensitive, silver nitrate, 1 grain to the +ounce of water will often effect a cure. In the chronic cases, especially, +iron, arsenic, calomel and quinine are to be used. The animal, while under- +going treatment, should be kept clean, and give plenty of exercise. An +eruption, resembling eczema, may be induced by large doses of mercury. +The skin becomes red and swollen, then forms large scales and hardens. +This eruption is generally limited to the limbs and scrotum. Some of the +symptoms are salivation, loss of appetite, eyelids closed, dullness, offensive +odor from the skin, and rarely, death." + +I now give you Dent's article on Eczema, written expressly for thia +book: + +"In medical nomenclature, eczema is a very comprehensive term. It +is applied to all diseases of the skin (except true mange or dog itch), and +on account of the irritation set up during an attack of mange, it is generally +complicated with eczema, which remains to annoy the dog and his owner +long after the mange mites are destroyed. + +"Dogs are particularly subject to skin diseases, that are the bane +alike of the breeder keeping a large number of dogs in kennels, or the +single house pet. While true dog itch is common enough, ninety per cent +of all skin diseases are eczema. + +"There is a close relation between the skin of the dog and his digestive , +organs, and a deranged stomach will quickly find expression through an +eruption of the skin; any poverty or plethoric condition of the blood will +also be expressed in the same way. If there is any defect or unhealthy +condition of the digestive tract, and it is called upon to digest unsuitable +food, it is only a question of time before poisons are introduced into the +blood that will produce inflammation and eruptions of the skin. Strictly +speaking, eczema is an inflammation of the skin due to the causes above +mentioned, and numerous others such as old, dirty, damp bedding, lack of +exercise, over-feeding, starvation, irritation from insects, lice, fleas or from + + + +true mange. In most cases it can be ascribed to a disordered condition of +the blood and general system. + +"Eczema assumes a variety of forms. In one very common form there +is first a redness of the entire skin with a dry scaly dandruff that flakes +off. In another form there is an eruption of small distinct pimples or +papules that do not always break but can be easily felt, like shot under +the skin. In another form there is a formation of scurvy crusts of a yel- +lowish white color that smells like mice, and underneath this crust are +small, cup-shaped ulcers. + +"Follicular mange, or red mange, is due to a sort of vegetable fungoid +mite that lives at the base 'of the hair and around the sebaceus gland. +It turns the skin a sort of brownish red, kills the hair root, and is most +commonly found along the back near the root of the tail. + +"In the commonest form of eczema. there will first be noticed a patch +on some part of the dog's body that is inflamed or covered with pimples. +These pimples increase in size and become a vesicle filled with a clear tur- +bulent or purulent fluid. This sore breaks, the fluid escapes, runs over +the skin which it irritates, and dries into scabs which mat the hair together. +The inflammation affects the hair follicle, the hair drops out leaving bare +spots, and there is a constant exudate of matter, which spreads and forms +more hare spots. The skin becomes ulcerated or thickened and wrinkled. +The dog is tormented by the intolerable itching past all point of endur- +ance, scratches himself until he bleeds, cannot sleep or eat, gets no rest +and becomes a mere wreck of his former self. + +"Treatment. — As previously stated, eczema and inflammation of the +skin are largely due to constitutional causes, and there is no specific treat- +ment or radical cure for all cases, and the owner must exercise his power +of judgment and reason, and possibly try two or three different preparations +before effecting a cure. + +"The following course must be pursued. First make a change in the +animal's diet if he is being fed on grains and vegetables with little or no +meat, give him an increased amount of meat both lean and raw, with little +or no bread or vegetables, and vice versa. If the dog is fat and plethoric, +generally prosperous, and inclined to be constipated, give him a good laxa- +tive pill every night and fast for twenty-four hours. If he is thin and un- +thrifty give cod liver oil emulson with from two to five grains of the +sulphate or iron of Sergeant's Iron and Arsenic Pills. The fat plethoric +dog should have a blood purifying and cooling pill twice a day for some +time. Clayton's Blood Cooling Pill is very good, or the following prescrip- +tion: + +Flower of sulphur 2 ounces + +Cream of tartar 3 ounces + +Bromide of potassium 3 drams + +Mix and divide into eighteen powders and give one in the morning. + +"The blood purifying and cooling pills mentioned are th» best thing +to use, handy and easier to give. + + + +"Besides the mange and eczema cures on the market the following +are useful in cases where there is great irritation with little or no eruption: + +Plumbi acet % dram + +Soda bibarat 1 % drams + +Glycerin 2 ounces + +Aqua camphor , 8 ounces- + +Lanolin 4 ounces + +Lard 4 ounces + +Salicylic acid 1 ounce + +Boracic acid 1 ounce + +Apply once a day and wash every week and repeat. + +Another is: + +Carbolized glycerin 1 ounce. + +Laudanum 2 ounces + +Carbonate of potash 2 drams + +Apply all over, twice a day, wash twice a week. + +Another is: + +Boracic acid 1 ounce + +Salicyclic acid 1 ounco + +Laudanum 1 ounce + +Whale oil 14 ounces + +Apply all over twice a day and wash once a week with Eberhart's +Soap." + +"The Kennelman" has this to say of Eczema, published in American +Stock-Keeper: + +"Obstinate cases of eczema are most distressingly aggravating to the +kennel owner. In a majority of instances this condition arises from the +continued use of starchy foods. When I he symptoms appear — pustulous +formations at the roots af the hair, after a preliminary redness of the +skin and wet oozy sores that appear to the size of a half dollar in a night, +the diet should be attended to. Lean, raw meat must be fed almost ex- +clusively. Then the blood must be purified, and exercise given freely. A +handy preparation that will be found excellent as a general cleanser and +preventive is a mixture of equal parts (not weights) of Epsom salts, cream +of tartar and sulphur lac; a pinch every morning, in quantity according +to the size of the dog, dropped on the tongue for a week will do good. +It is a remedial agent that is useful at any time. In bad chronic cases +this mixture will do well — one drop of fluid extract of colchicum and five +grains of sulphate of soda, three times daily in a capsule; feed raw beef +and no cereal food. Apply to the sores equal parts of oil of tar and alcohol, +or Eberhart's Skin Cure. + +"Another good thing is the liver of sulphur one buys in pound tins + + +n diseases + +(Sulph. Potass). Dissolve a teaspoonful in a quart of warm water and +apply at once to the sores, in fact, the whole body should be covered with +it. If a dip is required for several dogs make the solution of the above +proportions; if too strong the hair will be burned off. This is a won- +derfully good remedy for puppy rash that develops often after puppies +leave the mother; and if the puppy licks itself all the better." + +Fatness, Excessive. — This should never exist in any dog and need not +providing it has been fed properly and sufficiently exercised. It is a hard +thing to do to reduce a dog, especially an old one, after it has been allowed +to get into this condition. However, some dogs are predisposed to obesity, +and to put on fat even when on a meagre diet; such being the case with +a great many pugs and different species of spaniels. A certain amount of +fat is not only a sign of health, but also desirable, as it is the store of fuel +that nature lays up to meet future exigencies; but an excess of fat con- +stitutes a morbid and diseased state of the body. + +A .common effect of excessive fat is to set up skin disease, with dis- +charge therefrom, which is Nature's means of ridding the system of the +superfluous matter. Or the fat accumulates round vital organs, interfering +with the animal's respiration, making the breathing labored, wheezy, and +asthamatical, painful to the sufferer, which blows and pants on the slightest +extra exertion, and most distressing to the owner. In bitches not allowed +to breed, fat accumulates round the kidneys and ovaries; the heart also +becomes surrounded with fat, and what is called fatty infiltration or fatty +degeneration ensues, which may cause sudden death. + +Causes. — It is caused by confinement, lack of exercise and an over +abundance of food of too rich a quality of fat-producing material. Castrat- +ing of dogs and spaying of bitches — and I don't believe it right to do either +— will cause accumulations of adipose matter, as it takes from the dog +one of the organs of secretion, and all dogs that refuse sexual connection +will become obese. All dogs should be allowed Nature's privilege at least +a few times during their lives. + +Treatment. — Give a brisk purgative two or three times a week and +give two to three grains of the iodide of potash in water twice a day after +feeding. Gradually decrease the allowance of food and feed only stale +bread, dog biscuit or crackers, dry if they will eat them, if not moisten +with a very little milk or thin soup; do not feed grease, fat, potatoes or +sweets of any kind. As the food is decreased slowly increase the amount +of exercise, and as the animal gradually comes into form omit the purga- +tives and feed raw lean beef, chopped fine — gradually increasing the +amount. + +Fleas. — These are familiar to every one, I mean the fleas that are +found on dogs, and no description is really necessary. There are a number +of good remedies. + +"Eberhart's Dog Soap" is the easiest and surest remedy for fleas of any- +thing made and much less trouble to use. All your dog needs is a good +shampoo with this soap swice, twenty-four hours apart. After applying it +thoroughly all over the dog, not missing a spot, or you leave some fleas + + + + +that will be heard from, then rinse the dog in lukewarm water and dry +thoroughly with rough towels. There is, however, nothing — unless you +would keep some preparation on the dog all the time in summer — that +will keep fleas off of a dog in case he comes in contact with them again, as +he may do if he meets another dog that has them, when your dog is certain +to get a new supply. If all his bedding is not destroyed while being +treated, or his sleeping box not thoroughly disinfected, he will again get +more fleas. The best plan is to burn all the bedding he has used in his +sleeping box, basket or kennel, and then scrub it out with some good dis- +infectant, getting into the cracks and corners with Standard Disinfectant, +(see advertisement of the Standard Disinfectant Co.)., which will do the +work. Fleas breed every twenty-four hours, so that in using my soap you +must give the second bath twenty-four hours later to destroy the young +ones. + +Dogs which have dense, long coats are subjects of special delight to +the fleas. The mouth of the flea is specially adapted for sucking; the wings +are rudimentary, being represented by four minute scales. The lavse is +a footless grub, which, in about twelve days, spins a "cocoon," (i. e., an +outer covering of silky hairs) for itself, and becomes a chrysalis, from which +the perfect flea emerges in about a fortnight more. + +Here are also some home-made remedies that you can try — they will +all kill fleas — but my soap is so sure, so pleasant to use, and also so bene- +ficial to the coat that it seems foolish to try anything else. One part of +oil of cloves to 20 parts of methylated spirit. Directions: Apply all over +after washing. Or, terebene 1 part, glycerine 1 part, methylated spirits +4 parts. Apply as before. Or, a lime and sulphur lotion, made by boiling +16 ounces of sulphur with half this quantity of slacked lime in a gallon of +water, the whole being boiled down to 2 quarts and filtered. Apply a3 +above. Or, precipitated sulphur 4 ounces, powdered camphor 1 ounce, +powdered resin 1 ounce, terebene 1 dram. Directions: Mix; dust well +into the hair. + +There are two flea powders made, both are very good, to rid .a dog +of fleas, if you prefer a powder instead of a liquid remedy as is often de- +sirable, especially in cold weather, to avoid the danger of dog catching +cold. Dr. Clayton's, (see his advertisement), will do the work, if used +as directed. The other one is "Vermilax Flea Powder," considered one +of the best made. See the advertisement of Vermilax Co., in this book. +I carry this Flea Powder in stock, and can send it by mail postpaid, at +thirty cents a box. + +Fistula in Anus.— This is not uncommon in pampered and over-fed +dogs, and may be partial or complete. It usually shows as an opening at +the sides of the anus .extending upwards to the gut, where it can be seen; +but in some cases there is no external opening. It is caused by consti- +pation, when the hardened feces abrade the surface in its expulsion, or +neglected piles, resulting in ulceration; or fistula of the anus may come +from a wound inflicted on the part. + +Symptoms of Internal Fistula. — The dog drags himself along the +ground, and the voided matter is highly offensive and often . covered or + + + +streaked with blood and matter. The treatment should be left to the +veterinary surgeon, who will lay the sinug open and apply remedies to +set up healthy action and close it up. + +Flatulency. — Is not very common in adult dogs, but oftener met with +in puppies. It is unmistakable evidence of indigestion. For immediate +relief the treatment should consist in giving to a 20 lb. dog half a tea- +spoonful of carbonate of magnesia, large dogs a teaspoonful, in a little +milk; or give a dose of castor oil, and follow with 5 gr. to 15 gr. of +carbonate of bismuth three times a day dry upon the tongue. For per- +manent cure, correct the indigestion. See Indigestion. + +Foreign Bodies in the Intestines. — This is another cause of obstruc- +tion in the bowels to which dogs are peculiarly liable. Pieces of bone "are +swallowed of such size and substance that they pass through the diges- +tive organs very slightly diminished, and getting into the smaller intestines, +cannot pass farther, so that feces accumulate and harden until, if not re- +lieved, inflammation is set up. Sometimes stones are swallowed and cause +obstruction, and this will at once demonstrate the danger of throwing +stones for dogs to retrieve, for, in their eagerness, they are apt to swallow +them, especially if small. Wool or rabbit fur swallowed is likely to ball +together with other matter. See Obstruction of Bowels. + +False Joint. — Is found where limb was improperly set, or the dog in +unhealthy condition. It is the non-union of the bone by the usual osseous +deposits, instead of which there is a fibrous connection, the union of the +bones, or portions of them, is much like they had been united by a pi«ce +of India rubber; the two pieces of bone can be readiiy moved, while the +limb cannot support any weight. An operation is often attempted to +set up inflammation of the parts, and induce osserous or bony deposits, but +experience has proven such operations not very successful. + +Fatty Degeneration of the Heart. — Previous to making a brief refer- +ence to this diseased state, it is necessary to tell the reader a few points +of importance in connection with the healthy heart of the dog. It is a +hollow, muscular organ, with a right and left compartment (the ventricles). +In shape it is like a cone, th apex of the cone pointing downwards and +backwards. The base is made up of two compartments of the body. These +large vessels serve to suspend the heart in the chest cavity, says Frank +Townsend Barton in British Fancier. + +"The blood coming from these vessels first of all passes into the two +compartments at the base (auricles), and from these through valves into +the compartments first mentioned, and called the ventricles. + +"The weight of the heart varies according to breed and age, but it +has been estimated that it runs from -3 to 7 per cent of the weight of the +animal. It is enclosed in a bag ,pericardium). When perfectly healthy +it should be dark red in color, firm to the touch of the finger, and the traces +of fat running down the various grooves upon its surface are a sign of a +well-nourished orgaa. + + + + +"Now, when it is affected by what is called fatty degeneration, it be- +comes very pale, thin and flabby, greasy to the touch, with one or more +patches of fat upon the walls of the ventricles. This is brought about by +the muscle fibres composing the heart being changed or replaced by fat. + +"In order to bring about this condition the dog need not be fat itself; +in fact, a heart in this state is far more likely to be found in a dog which +is thin or underfed. + +"Dogs which are excessively fat externaly generally show the same +internally; that is to say, that the heart, kidneys, liver, etc., may be com- +pletely imbedded in one mass of fat; but then it must be understood that +this is not a diseased state and does not interfere with the animal's health +so long as it allows these different organs to perform their work. It is +a sign of over rather than one of under nutrition. + +"The fatty degenerated heart is a diseased one. This is not technical. +It is called an 'infiltration,' a term which means that fat is formed be- +tween the muscular fibres. + +"I am not aware that there is any symptom or symptoms during life +which will enable us to tell whether the heart is in this diseased state. +An opinion can only be purely speculative. Of course, the heart has a +weak beat, and the animal is easily knocked out. Sudden death is likely +to occur either from failure of the heart's action, or, if the fat is in the +form of a patch upon the wall, from sudden rupture of the wall at this spot,, +whereby the blood would gush suddenly out of the heart into the bag +containing it, ceasing to beat at once. + +"The animal must be prevented from any severe exertion. +"It has been stated that this disease is common among pampered, +asthmatical pets, the truth of which is open to serious doubt." + +This is perhaps the most frequent form of heart disease found in the +dog; it is, however, seldom diagnosed during life. A postmortem will +show in such cases that the fibres of the muscles are dotted with small +dark. spots (these are globules of oil within the sheath of the fibre), the +heart tissue is soft and breaks down readily under the finger. Cause may +arise from a general malnutrition of the system, or from senile decay due +to old age. The organ not always wholly involved, and when only a part +is affected it is due to some obstruction, causing local malnutrition. + +Warty Growths on the Valves of the Heart. — The valves of the heart +are sometimes the seat of small wart-like growths. When a dog has been +a constant sufferer from rheumatism, in such we occasionally meet with +these growths. Their presence may prevent the valves from working: +properly, or one may be whipped off, and thus block the circulation. +Sudden death may occur. + +Evertion should be avoided as much as possible; but this stite can +only be surmised during life, as in the case of the former disease. + +Follicular Mange — See Mange. + +Founder of the Chest — See Kennel Lameness. + +Fracture. — See Bones Broken. + + + +Gastritis See Stomach, Inflammation of + +Gatherings. — See Abscess and Boils. + +Glass Eye. — See Amaruosis. + +Glossitis. — See Tongue, Inflammation of + +Fractures. — While fractures are not of frequent occurrence in well- +ordered kennels, they belong to that category of accidents against which +there is sometimes no safeguard. A sudden twist, stopping in some hid- +den cavity while galloping over a field, jumping a fence, or from a car- +riage (one of the cleanest breaks of a hind leg occurred to a foxterrier +bitch of ours while jumping off the carriage seat and catching her hind +leg in the wire rail guard at the end of the seat), so one never knows +when such accidents will happen. Simple fractures are so termed when +a bone is broken into two pieces only; where a bone is broken into several +pieces it is termed comminuted, and when the ends of the broken bone +pierce the skin it is a compound fracture, which is the worst of all in the +piecing. To detect a simple fracture is not always easy, though of +course the other two conditions are more or less self-evident. In the +case of a simple fracture, the limb should be taken hold of above the +bruise or injury with one hand and with the other gently move the lower +portion of the limb. If the bone or bones are fractured a grating noise +will be heard and the jar of the broken bone can be felt. + +In treating this condition great care must be exercised in bringing +the broken ends together, and it is best that the services of a surgeon be +procured. In case that is not available, or a home cure is decided upon, +the ends of the fractured bones should be brought opposite each other, +and then splints, well secured by bandages, must be applied to keep them +in their places until the two ends are joined. This is generally from +three to four weeks in the case of a puppy, and from a month to six +weeks in a matured dog. If the case is not attended to immediately after +the accident the parts swell, and this swelling has to be reduced before +any attempt can be made to set the bones, and cold water or ice applied +to the swelling will easily reduce it. Before applying the splints it is +necessary to wind a bandage around the limb two or three times from +the bottom to the top, as this has the effect of preventing the splints +from causing unnecessary irritation. The splints, which are best made +of wood of about one-sixteenth of an inch in thickness, of sufficient length +to extend over the whole straight surface of the limb, should be four in +number, viz., one for the front of the leg, one for the back and one for +either side of it, and they should be just wide enough to cover the part +of the leg on Which they are placed. Before applying them, the inside +of each should be smeared with hot pitch, cobbler's wax or some such +6ubstance, so that they will adhere to the bandage and not slip, and then +another bandage, which should be of considerable length (about six yards +long) and one inch and a half to two inches wide, and which has been +previously soaked in a thick solution of gum or common starch, should be + + + + +wound round the limb from bottom to top. The object of the starch or +gum solution is to give additional support, which it does when it gets stiff +and hardens. After the operation the dog should be put into a quiet place +— a large hamper or crate does very well — so that he can rest and not +move about; but it often happens that the next day the part of the limb +below the bandage is found to be swollen; if so the latter should be +loosened for a short time, but it must be tightened again when the swell- +ing subsides. + +The above treatment is of course only advised in the case of simple +fractures where an amateur may indulge his surgical skill. + +Fits. — Dalziel so fully and ably handles this subject that I give his +article entire, as it covers the whole ground. I have been governed by +his ideas in treating many cases and the success I had leads me to endorse +his treatment: + +"Fits are of common occurrence, especially in puppies — fortunately +those that are of a dangerous and fatal character are the most rare; they +often cause needless alarm, but the dog suffering from a fit of whatever +kind is not an object to be frightened at, but to be commiserated and +helped, and this requires freedom from a fear for which there is no just +reason. Fits are of many kinds, and may be classified as apoplectic fits, +distemper fits, fits from teething, fits from worms, and suckling fits, and +other causes of excitement are known to produce them, even high notes +of music, to which some dogs show a strong objection and are decidedly +harmful. + +Apoplectic Fits are caused by pressure on the brain from distended +blood-vessels or effusions of blood. The subjects of attack are generally +those dogs that are kept in idleness and over-fed, and the attack may be +the result of the animal over-loading the stomach with food difficult of +digestion. The symptoms are loud, labored breathing; the dog lies mo- +tionless on its side in a state of insensibility — there is no frothing at +the mouth or champing of the jaws, but the eyes are fixed and often blood- +shot. Such cases are usually fatal, and death is frequently instantan- +eous. Prompt bleeding is the most likely means of saving the patient; +and then, soon as sufficiently recovered, a strong purge should be given, +or clysters administered. Should these means prove successful, it will +be necessary to use extreme care to prevent a recurrence of the fit. The +dog's diet must be carefully regulated, sufficient healthful exercise al- +lowed, or compelled, if need be, and occasional doses of cooling medicine +given. Clayton's or Dent's Blood Cooling Pills will be just the thing to +give. Apoplexy in the dog is not often seen in practice. + +Distemper Fits are caused by congestion or inflammation of the brain, +and often prove fatal. + +Epileptic Fits are not dangerous, but of very common occurrence, +especially during the heated term, and generally happen when the dog is +at exercise — sometimes in the case of pointers they are seized when on + + + + +the- point, doubtless from the undue excitement produced. When the +dog is attacked he is first observed to tremble on his legs, and on trying +to run on he staggers and falls down on his side, frequently uttering a +low moan. Struggling to his feet he attempts to move, only to repeat the +fall, when he lies stupefied and insensible. The legs and the whole mus- +cular system are violently convulsed, the clog froths at the mouth, the +head is violently moved, often knocked against the ground, the jaws are +champed together, and sometimes the tongue gets lacerated between the +teeth, and the froth from his mouth becomes tinged with blood; the +breathing during the fit is labored and irregular. The fit generally lasts +several minutes. When the convulsions have subsided, the dog raises +his head, opens his eyes with a look of.surpri.se, and very shortly runs +about as if nothing had happened. + +The treatment during an epileptic fit is to generally carry the dog to +a dry place where there is some soft material so that he cannot hurt +himself in his struggles. As soon after as possible give him a dose of +Anti-spasmodic Drops: Compound spirits of sulphuric ether (known as +Hoffman's anodyne), and tincture of opium (laudanum), equal parts. +(Keep well corked and cool.) Dose for 15 to 35 lb. dog would be a +teaspoonful in two tablespoonfuls of milk. Larger dogs nearly a dessert- +spoonful as a dose — and leave him quiet in a warm, comfortable kennel. +Endeavor to ascertain the cause of the fit. If from over-feeding, reduce +the diet and give gentle exercise, and, if need be, repeated doses of cool- +ing medicine; 3 gr. of bromide of potash for a 20 lb. to 40 lb. clog twice +a clay in water for a. week will be beneficial to dogs predisposed to epi- +lepsy. + +Suckling Fits are produced by exhaustion consequent on the bitch +having too many pups left on her. She lies or falls down breathing heavily, +becomes insensible, and is frequently much convulsed. Remove all the +pups but one or two, which must meanwhile be fed on the bottle, or by +spoon, condensed milk — a little at a time but often — and let the mother +have a generous diet, and if much reduced give Clayton's or Dent's Con- +dition Pills for a week or so. + +Fits from Distemper The following is from the American Field + +and is prescribed for by Dent, their veterinarian: + +"I have an English setter bitch, twenty months old, which has dis- +temper. I thought her about over it, when a few days ago she had a fit • +which lasted about 3 minutes; she got up and seemed scared, had a wild +look in her eyes and seemed unable to see well. She has those fits now +once or twice a day and is very weak, but eats well, though hardly able to +stand up. The fits she has. now are of shorter duration but she seems +much weaker just after one; she has a fit soon after she begins to eat +and is disturbed every morning; after she gets over it she will finish her +breakfast of soup and rice or milk. Will she necessarily die or is she +incurable? I have had a good deal of experience with distemper and +have lost eight four-months-old puppies this Fall, but I have never lost +any as old as this one. Ans— Give twenty grains of the bromide of soda + + + + +and one-thirtieth of a grain of arsenic three times a day; w« think she +will recover.-" + +Teething Fits often occur during the cutting of the first teeth, but +more frequently when the permanent ones are being irrupted. Lancing the +gums is sometimes resorted to, but as a rule a little opening medicine is all +that is needed. Convulsions are frequently present in these fits, as also in +those due to worms. + +Fits Due to Worms. — When these parasites are the producing cause, +that fact may be ascertained by examining the fasces voided during or just +after the fit, as some of them will probably be seen. Or the presence of +worms may be determined by the symptoms given under that head, and +to Worms you are referred. + +Feet, Sore. — Dogs that travel very much, sporting dogs that hunt +over rough ground or short stubble, are apt to get the pads of the feet +contused and worn thin. + +Treatment depends on extent of the injury. If feet are only tender +and slightly inflamed, bathe with cold water, afterward applying freely +the following lotion. + +Tincture of arnica Vs ounce + +Tincture of matico Vz ounce + +Tincture of opium 1 ounce + +Acetic acid % ounce + +Water enough to till a wine bottle. + +In severe cases apply a poultice of half bran and half boiled turnips. +If the inflammation is great, and the feet become swollen, hot and pain- +ful, so that the dog cannot stand, the general health suffers, as fever- +ishness and loss of appetite will reduce his strength; matter will form +in his feet or perhaps his soles will slough off. + +In such extreme cases, add linseed meal to the other ingredients and +pour a little olive oil over its surface. The dog- should have a mild aperient +and a dose of the following fever mixture: + +Powdered nitre 1 dram + +Sweet spirits of nitre ' % ounce + +Mindererus spirits 1 V2 ouncs + +Wine of antimony 1 dram + +Water 4 ounces + +Dose for a 30 lb. to 50 lb. dog would be a tablespoonful every four hours in +a little gruel. + +Dog should be kept on a light diet. Sometimes, for more speedy relief, +it is well to let the water out with a lancet, and in all respects these cases +should be treated as ulcers. + + + +Goitre, or Bronchocelc — This term is applied to a swelling or lump +that appears on the front part of the neck, known as the thyroid gland. +It is soft and elastic to the touch, and appears to give no pain except when +treatment is neglected and it increases to such a size as to interfere with +the breathing. It is especially a disease of old dogs, although it often +occurs in ill-fed and scrofulous puppies. If will appear in a night, and is +sometimes due to a cold caught, which settles in the glands of the throat. +The latest, and' I have found by having to treat many cases, is Iodin Vasigin, +full strength, which apply twice daily, rubbing well in with the hands as +you would apply a liniment. Another good remedy to apply same as aboce, +is, Iodidode of Potassium, one dram to seven ounces 'of lard (well mixed). +Aside from external treatment give cod liver oil — from a teaspoonful for +a 20 lb. dog, up to two tablespoonfuls for a dog like a pointer or St. +Bernard, three times a day. If abscesses form they must be lanced. Dogs +suffering from Goitre should be extra well fed. Painting with tincture of +iodine, one a day, is as good as 'anything you can do. + +Gatherings. — See Abscesses. + +Gastritis. — Symptoms very pronounced in the acute form, first vom- +iting, pain and tenderness. The position of the animal is often charac- +teristic. The animal lies stretched out on his belly. There is not the same +tendency to arched back as in colic. + +Here is another "old fashioned" remedy, that I have found most suc- +cessful. Get a dime's worth of Slippery Elm bark, cut it up, pour a quart +of water over it, then set it in another vessel of water, and boil 'till it +makes an emulsion like mucilage. Give dog a tablespoonful, (small toys +half this), three times a day before feeding. Feed light, soft foods for +a few days. Milk peptonized is very good. + +If there is constipation, Enemas must be given. + +"Water must be given sparingly, only a small quantity at a time and +quite cold. + +Gleet. — Blaine gives this name to a discharge from the prepuce, but +it appears to me the name is misleading. For further information see +Penis, Discharge from, which, although not perhaps strictly correct, is +adopted as being the most generally useful and readily understood heading. +Professor Law, however, enumerates both Gleet and Gonorrhoea among +the diseases of dogs. + +Heart, Valvular Disease of. — A very fatal form of heart disease. The +pulse is perceptibly irregular and feeble. A post-mortem will show the +valves thickened, and may present upon their surfaces granulations which +feel under the finger like minute particles of sand. Treatment is of no +avail; but to prevent sudden death all undue excitement should be avoided. + +Harvest Bugs. — These come in summer and are sometimes, but not +often, troublesome to dogs as well as man. They burrow in the skin, as + + + +does the parasite in mange. Eberhart's Skin Cure applied twice a day, as +in mange, will soon destroy them. + +Haematuria (Bloody Urine). — Dogs have this trouble, being the re- +sult of calculi situated in the bladder, kidney or urethra. Irritation and +inflammation are caused by these foreign bodies, and also injure the mu- +cous membrane, producing abrasions and superficial bleeding, the blood +being passed with the urine. A blow across the back may also cause it. +Upon pressing the dog's loins pain is evinced, and there is also a certain +amount of irritation caused by passing the urine. Blood is sometimes +mixed with the latter, or it may be passed independently of it. Give' 10 +to 60 drops of liquid extract of ergot every four hours, and if the urinary +passage is the seat of the injury, inject a weak solution of Condy's Fluid. +The food should consist for a time of Bovine or beef tea, with egg and +milk to drink. Under no circumstances administer a diuretic. + +Hepatitis (Inflammation of the Liver). — See Jaundice. + +Hernia, Umbilical. — See Navel Hernia. + +Hiccough arises from indigestion, and often annoys house pets that +are given improper food, such as sweets, etc. A wineglassful of lime wa- +ter in a tumbler of milk to drink, and for a 20 lb. dog 10 grains of bicar- +bonate of soda, and 10 drops of sal volatile in a tablespoonful of milk, will +usually prove effectual. Another remedy I have used is camplior water +(not spirits). Give a 20 to 40 lb. dog a teaspoonful and repeat in five +minutes. + +Husk. — Dogs are subject to a dry, husky cough, associated with de- +rangement of the stomach, and worms are often the originating cause. +The symptoms are dry. hot nose, disagreeable breath, inflamed eye, and +increased discharge from nose, with more or less general fever; the dog +after coughing retches, bringing up portions of frothy mucus. The treat- +ment consists in keeping the dog free from damp and cold,' feeding on +warm, easily digested food, and the administration of a dose of salad oil +every third morning, and the following two sets of pills, two a day of each, +giving alternately: + +Pills for Husky Cough. — Powdered opium, 6 grains; tartarised anti- +mony, 1 grain; compound squill pill, 1 dram; mix and divide into twenty- +four pills, and give one to a 20 lb. dog twice a day. + +Tonic Stomachic Pills. — Pure Sulphate of iron, 12 grains; dried bicar- +bonate of soda, 24 grains; extract of camomile, 24 grains; mix and divide +into twelve pills. One of these is a dose for a 20 lb. dog. Not infrequently +worms in the stomach will cause husk; if so, a full dose of ipecacuanha wine +to cause vomiting should be given. + +As I am writing I have just had such a case of a dry, hard and in- +cessant cough in an eight-months-old bull terrier pup, which cough sud- +denly appeared without any apparent cause, the dog acting and seeming +well, only for this dry, hard cough. She had been fully, as I supposed at + + + + +the time, treated for worms, and thought she was rid of them, but could +not account for the cough. I was ou the lookout and seen her have a +passage of a bloody and mucous nature. Toward night I concluded it +might be worms, gave her a dose of Sergeant's Sure Shot after she had +fasted from breakfast till supper time, and the result was — finding several +small thread worms in her passage after the vermifuge had worked, and +here was the cause of the dry, hard cough. I followed this up the next +morning with a second dose of "Sure Shot," got more thread worms, and +the bitch feeling much better, wanting to eat, and her cough very much +better. She fully recovered. All this goes to show that you must get +rid of the Worms — as they are the cause of more trouble to dogs than from +any other cause or a combined lot of causes, you may as truthfully say. + +Honie Sickness. — This is often seen in dogs which, from some causa +or other, have to leave their home and friends, and reside for a time in a +hospital. It therefore behooves every one who has charge of such dogs to +make them comfortable, and treat them as nearly as possible, consistent +with rational and medical treatment, as they would be at home. It is +absolutely cruel to place a nervous and highly sensitive pet dog in a kennel +surrounded by other dogs which are continually barking, or to give them +over entirely to an attendant, which is too frequently done in hospitals, +the owner of the establishment, or the veterinary surgeon, only attending +at intervals. All pets should be taken into the house, or have a special +place set apart for them, where they can receive personal attention and have +their small comforts attended to. + +Very much the best plan is to not send your pet to any veterinary +hospital, but to keep it home where it will much better endure the ordeal +it may have to go through, and have the surgeon come there to treat it. + +The dog will be happier in his own home where it will receive, aside +from the treatment of the doctor, the kind care and attention it could not +get in a strange place, among strangers and strange surroundings. + +Hookworms. — The process by which the hookworm reaches the intes- +tines is most interesting. The egg, or embryo, is deposited in fecal matter +within the intestines. It hatches, or develops, after being exposed to air +and moisture, usually within twelve to twenty-four hours, if the tempera- +ture is above seventy or eighty degrees Fahrenheit. In about eight days, +under favorable conditions, such as being on warm, wet ground, it attains +full growth (microscopically) and is ready to infest, which it does by boring +through the skin or mucous membrane of the mouth into the blood canals, +and is carried along with the blood currents to the lungs; then it bores +through the walls of the blood canals into the air sacs and crawls up +through the windpipe to the throat, and then passes directly to the in- +testines, either by crawling or being swallowed with food or water, attaches +itself to intestinal. membranes and begins a life which lasts from six to +ten years, unless expelled. It subsists entirely upon the blood which it +sucks. After it is attached, it grows to a length of one-third to one-half +inch, the female being somewhat larger than the male, as shown in illus- +tration. She is very prolific and one dog which is infested will pollute a + + + + +vast area of ground by reason of rains washing or spreading the feces +containing thousands of eggs or embryos. + +The presence of hookworm is hard, almost impossible to detect with- +out the use of a microscope, unless the investment is quite heavy, then +rapid decline is noticed, such as general weakness or paralysis of the legs +or hindquarters. + +Symptoms. — Rough hair; sometimes a cough; as a rule the appetite +continues fairly good; languid; eyes become bloodless and listless; gums +pale, generally a creamy white. Excretion sometimes natural, again loose, +again of a dysentery nature, frequently a little drop of blood or two. This +may be examined by the average layman many times with the naked eye +and from the fact that he "doesn't see any" the conclusion is arrived at +that the dog is free of hookworm. Many times a dog in apparently the +best of health is infected with these terrible pests, his strong constitu- +tion overbalancing the damage that Mr. Worm is doing. This won't last +always and sooner or later he will pay the price. + +While a microscopical examination will reveal the eggs, it occasionally +happens that the worm itself is shown in feces under certain conditions. +Of course, a microscopic examination of the feces for the ova is the one, +absolute, certain way of determining a dog having them. + +This worm has been discovered in dogs, cats, foxes, badgers and +human beings, adults as well as children. This is mentioned with the +view to impress upon all interested the necessity of being alive to the +true situation, in order to prevent the scattering of the disease and to +show the chances of it being scattered. + +The worm attaches itself to the walls of the intestine and lives about +seven years. Remember, kennel owners, the worm does not incubate in +the intestine, but simply deposits its thousands of eggs there, which are +passed out on the ground in the excrement. I have dissected six-week- +old puppies and found many hookworms. This was, no doubt, brought +about by the dam lying out on the ground, her teats being attacked by +the freshly hatched worm, and brought to the suckling puppies. They were +treated in the ordinary way for worms, but this will not kill hookworms. + +If hookworm is found in one dog in the kennel, it is safe to assume +every dog in the kennel is infected, and should be treated. + +The following most valuable article is from The American Field, writ- +ten by Edward Martin, M. R. C. V. S.: + +"Until quite recently hookworm disease in the dog, also known as +pernicious anemia, uncinariasis, etc., has been but slightly recognized. This +is probably owing to neglect on the part of owners of dogs and veterin- +arians to make careful post-mortem examinations, and again, to the fact +that young dogs infected with hookworm generally carry round worms and +tapeworms,* and it is to the effects of these that death, when it occurs, is +attributed. + +The hookworm parasite, technically known as Uncinaria, inhabits^the +small intestines of dogs and foxes. When mature they attach themselves +to the mucous membrane and live entirely on the blood they extract. For +the purposes of this article they may be described as an extremely fine +round worm, white or grayish in color, from one-third to seven-eighths of +an inch in length, and about as thick as a fine sewing needle. As they can + + + + +seldom be seen in the stools it may be advisable to describe their appear- +ance on post-mortem examination of their host. + +Dogs dying from this disease are generally emaciated, and when the +patient has lingered long covered with bedsores. The gums are pale, often +spongy and ulcerated, the teeth covered with a dark green deposit, with a +pronounced odor. On opening the abdomen the mesenteric glands are +generally found to be enlarged and dark in color, due grain balls. Dose, one, two +or three balls, according to size of dog. + +When bowels have freely acted then give the following, twice daily, +until health has returned: + +Towdered rhubarb 1 scruple + +Powdered ginger 1 scruple + +Extract of gentian 4 scruples + +Divide into twenty-four pills and give one to four pills twice daily. +If much flatulence, put a little bicarbonate of soda on back of +tongue and let dog have water. + +With careful diet and exercise, these means will be found successful. +Add a little lime water to the milk that is given to drink. By treating +the patient thus and paying strict attention to his dietary and exercise, +the disease will soon yield. + +I have used with good results in lieu of the above pill, Clayton's Di- +gestive Pills and believe to be very good. + +The following article I found somewhere, and as it is worth repro- +ducing here entire, I give it space in this book: + +"As in man, and many animals, indigestion in the dog may be acute, +chronic and passive. In acute indigestion the attack is sudden and painful, +and is the result of an overloaded stomach. The disorder is called chronic +when the dog suffers for a continued time and his stomach and intestines + + + + +are in a weakened condition. It is active when the attack is brought on +by some extrinsic cause, passive when it is the result of some other disease, +or is due to an intrinsic cause. + +"The breeds of dogs most likely to be affected by indigestion are +the pug, the Japanese spaniel, the black and tan, the greyhound, the +Yorkshire terrier, the French poodle and the fox terrier. + +"Pugs are probably the greatest sufferers. As a rule, they are en- +couraged in laziness, while sweetmeats are fed to them indiscriminately, +so that it is not surprising they should become fat and dyspeptic. + +"The foods which are richest in fats and those which are prone to +fermentation are the most indigestible, but it is not so much the nature of +the food as it is the quantity consumed at one time which injures an +animal's stomach. Small dogs are more voracious in their feeding than +large dogs. Some dogs never or seldom get a bone to gnaw. The dog is a +carnivorous animal, and in a state of nature he lives only on the flesh of +other animals. As he swallows his food with but little mastication, Nature +has provided him with a desire to gnaw the bones into small pieces. "When +these small pieces are taken into the stomach they bruise and lacerate the +food until it is made thoroughly digestible. It is believed that 70 per +cent of the cases of indigestion in dogs are due to their being deprived +of bones to gnaw. Domestication has to a great extent modified the habits +of the dog. Some pets are pampered and spoiled to the degree that they +will eat only certain foods, which must be fed to them with a fork or from +some particular dish. Such peculiarities are predisposing causes to indi- +gestion. + +"A symptom of acute indigestion is vomiting after feeding. Later +this is followed by general dullness; the dog isolates himself from his +friends, his eyes .roll with an expression of fear. The muzzle may be dry. +Rumbling sounds in the bowel sare heard, accompanied by distension of +the abdomen, which is filled with gas. If the animal is forced to move, +he shows great uneasiness and is stiff in his posterior limbs, his back +arched to relieve the tension of the abdominal muscles. If the abdomen is +manipulated he evinces acute pain. The bowels are constipated.. These +symptoms may continue for an hour or more, and the attack may pass off +as suddenly as it began, or it may last for some length of time, during +which the dog suffers the greatest pain. Then the pain ceases, his eyes +brighten, he becomes cheerful, and off he goes for a run, apparently per- +fectly well. + +"The symptoms of chronic indigestion are the same as those of the +acute attack, only they are less intense and they continue for days at a +time. The dog often grows irritable to a state of fenzy, and will run about +snapping and biting, exposing himself to be shot for mad by some over- +zealous policeman. + +"As regards treatment, it is more important to regulate the diet +than to give medicines. Feed the sufferer once or twice a day, not oftener, +and feed him sparingly. Give him five (5) grains of saccharated pepsin +before meals, and five (5) grains each of subnitrate of bismuth and bi- +carbonate of soda after meals. For small dogs, such as terriers, black +and tans, Japanese spaniels, etc., the dose should he reduced one-half," + + + + +Inversion of the Vagina — See Uterus, Inversion of. + +Influenza. — This is an epidemic resembling common cold, but more +severe in its effects, and contagious. The causes are supposed to be atmos- +pheric cold, and damp weather in spring and autumn, which are the usual +seasons of its appearance. Influenza is not to be dreaded if taken in hand +at once, but if once the system becomes run down or the various symptoms +which denote the disease take good hold, there is serious trouble ahead, and +leads to complications which deplete the kennel. Even if a cure is affected +the convalesence is long and subject to a relapse from the most trivial cause. +In the first stage the symptoms are dullness of the animal, loss of appetite, +rigors or shivering fits, nose hot, then cold, increased thirst. Second stage: +A discharge from nose and eyes, which at first is mucoid and watery, but +it soon becomes of a mattery description; the breathing becomes acceler- +ated and the conjunctival membrane red (this is the lining membrane of +the eyelid). The symptoms in these first stages are very like the earlier +symptoms of distemper, and most people seeing one of these cases for the +first time, and in a young dog, would say it had the latter-named disease. +The discharge is not, however, of the purulent offensive character +that denotes distemper and the disease is as liable to attack old dogs as +young ones. In some cases the eyes are seriously affected, the cornea be- +comes of a bluish shade, the sight is affected, and in some cases ulcers +form. In the latter case use Eberhart's Eye Lotion No. 2, two or three +times daily. + +Distemper is gradual in its development, but in influenza the dif- +ferent stages develop with great rapidity, the disease running in some +cases on to complications in twenty-four hours. If the complaint is not +checked in its earlier stages one or both of the after-mentioned compli- +cations may set in. These complications are affections of the lungs, and +those of a rheumatismal character. When the chest complication is setting +in, the breathing becomes more accelerated and painful, the fever increases, +in fact the symptoms are those of ordinary chest complaints; and these +may be bronchitis, congestion and inflammation of the lungs or pleurisy. +As it requires the skilled practitioner to differentiate one class of chest +disease from another, it would be useless to attempt to explain to the +amateur how to diagnose this for himself. + +The dog should be kept in dry quarters and away from draughts. +The treatment should be similar to that recommended under Cold. The +dog will, however, require still greater care exercised in keeping him +warm and in a well-ventilated place, as well as in being supported with +easily-digested food, such as strong broth, beef tea, boiled milk, bread, etc. +In the early stages, Hoffman's anodyne or compound spirit of sulphuric +ether, given in milk three times a day, is generally beneficial. Dose for +a 20 lb. dog, 15 drops; smaller toy dogs. 10 drops; larger dogs, 20 drops. +Any discharge from the nose should be encouraged by warm fomentations +and making the dog inhale the vapor from vinegar of squills sprinkled on a +hot wet sponge or cloth. If the throat is swollen and sore, slightly blister +with vinegar and mustard, but do not apply too long. + +Feed on nourishing foods, strong broth, boiled milk and bovine. A + + + + +few drops of the latter, administered frequently in milk, is very strength- +ening. + +In convalescence a treatment for a few works of Eberhart's Tonic +Pill, (which contain no arsenic or "dope") will be of great benefit in +building the dog up. + +Another authority advises as follows: + +"The dog will, however, require great care exercised in keeping him +warm and in a well-ventilated place, as well as in being, supported with +easily-digested food, such as strong broth, beef tea,, boiled milk, bread, +etc. In the early stages compound spirit of sulphuric ether, given in milk ++ hree times a day, is generally beneficial. Dose for a twenty pound dog, 15 +drops; Any discharge from the nose should be encouraged by warm fomen- +tations and making the dog inhale the vapor from vinegar or squills sprink- +led on a hot, wet sponge or cloth. If the throat is swollen and sore, slightly +blister with vinegar and mustard. In convalescence give cod liver oil and +syrup of iodide of iron," or Eberhart's Tonic Pills instead of the cod liver +oil and iron, are just the thing to use here. + +The following is also good advice on Influenza: + +Symptoms: The disease is commonly located in the mucous mem- +brane of the nose, the lungs and air passages. The first symptoms are +those of a common cold chill, lassitude, shivering, sneezing and loss of +appetite. The small veins of the eye and membranes are injected and +there is a profuse discharge "of tears, as well as a swelling of the nasal +membranes. The throat becomes sore and there is a dry, hoarse cough +that is sometimes so severe as to terminate in attempts to vomit. Breath- +ing is hurried and painful and prostration is well marked. The patient is +dull and sleepy, and, when forced to move acts stiff, sore and lame. There +is more or less fever of an intermittent type and the animal suffers from +excessive thirst. The pulse is irregular and usually is full and soft. Diges- +tion is disturbed and the bowels are generally too loose, although in some +cases constipated. Expectoration is scanty, but frequently attempted. + +Treatment: Keep the patient warm and in a room that is well venti- +lated and free from draughts. Allow plenty of cold water to drink and feed +anything the patient will eat. Broths of mutton, beef or milk are good, +as well as raw, loan beef, chopped fine; egg noggs. raw eggs, gelatine, etc, +If the temperature is high and continues so. give quinine in two-grain +doses every four hours until it is reduced. If the bowels are constipated, +loosen them by doses of olive oil, a tablespoonful to a dose. If the throat +is badly congested and breathing is difficult, it should be rubbed with +some camphorated oil, or hot applications applied, and then bandaged with +soft flannel. + +The following prescription is highly recommended: Ammonia mur. +and ext. of glycyrrhizae pulv., of each two drams; aquae, three ounces. + +Give one teaspoonful in water, every three hours. + +It is important that the animal's strength be kept up and cod liver +oil should be given in tablespoonful doses four times a day, as well as the +syrup of iodide of iron. + +The doses given are for medium sized dogs, use judgment if for +small dogs. + + +IrLs, Inflammation or. — See Iritis. + +Injury to the Brain — The bony covering of the brain is very strong in +the dog. They are liable to accidents from falls on the head, running full +force against some obstacle, or from a blow, which may cause concussion +of the brain. The dog will lie stunned or insensible, breathing feebly, and +pulse small and quick. In treating, examine the head for fracture of the +skull, and, if bleeding, stop it by cold applications. In cases of this kind +consult a good veterinary surgeon. Until he comes rub brandy or whisky +on the gums and keep the body warm. If you have on hand ammonia hold +it to the nostrils. + +Intussusception. — See Bowels, Obstruction of. — This is a slipping of +one portion of the intestines that has been contracted by spasm, within +another part retaining its natural diameter, and is another and not uncom- +mon cause of obstruction, and apt to occur during spasmodic colic. It is +fatal, and can not be determined by symptoms, a postmortem only showing +the trouble. No dog should be allowed to be costive over two days, and +not so long, is much safer, without having been helped by proper remedies +prescribed elsewhere. It is always safe, however, and advisable to give in +such cases a full dose of castor oil, olive oil or a mixture of both. Worms +can cause obstruction in the intestines, especially in puppies, round worms +getting coiled up into balls, which sets up local irritation, interfering with +the natural action of the bowels. + +Jaundice, or the "Yellows," and Inflammation of (he Liver (Hepatitis). +— These should be treated as distinct diseases, but to the ordinary dog +owner the division would be of little use. the causes and general treatment +being alike. There are two forms of inflammation of the liver — the acute +and chronic, the former the rarer, which appears more suddenly; the latter +comes as a sequel of the acute. The causes of this disease, in most cases, +are traceable to improper and over-feeding, combined with lack of exercise, +which accounts for the great number of such cases occurring in house and +pet dogs. In hunting dogs it can be brought on by continued exposure to +wet, or their going into water in cold weather, sleeping in damp places, +of over-exertion. + +One very common cause is the repeated resort to powerful emetics, +which so many use as if they possessed a charm over dog diseases. + +Symptoms. — Dog is dull, restless in his sleep, has excessive thirst, very +poor appetite, becomes thin, and the portions of his skin not covered by +hair you will readily notice to be of a yellowish color or tinge. This will +be seen on the gums, lips, and under the legs. The discharge is fetid, and +urine, passed in small quantities, is yellow. There is also fever, with fits +of heat and shivering. Vomiting sometimes occurs; the matter ejected +is slimy and of a yellowish color; the bowels are generally constipated, +and the excrement of a pale clay color. In chronic cases the belly is often +enlarged and flatulence often exists. In severe cases the dog will los« +flesh rapidly, and soon become a mere skeleton. The liver, in a healthy +state, secretes a yellow fluid called the gall, which is collected in the gall + + +bladder, intended to mix with the chyle, completing digestion. When ob- +struction of the gall bladder takes place the gall is diverted from its +natural purpose, is reabsorbed by the blood vessels, enters the general +system, giving a bright saffron color to the eyes, lips, inside of the ears, +arms and thighs, sometimes to the whole skin, and from this it is often +called the "Yellows." + +Jaundice is of frequent occurrence, often exists as a sequel to distem- +per, and when this is the case is most difficult to manage on account of +the already reduced strength of the patient. Treatment must to some +extent be governed by circumstances of each case. + +The invariable yellow color of the parts mentioned as a symptom in +this disease is one which the least careful observer cannot fail to notice; +but before this occurs there are other symptoms which should not be +overlooked. In the earlier stages the dog's appetite fails; he suffers con- +siderable thirst which increases as the disease progreses; there is fever, +with alternate fits of heat and shivering; vomiting may occur, and the +matter ejected is generally slimy and of a yellowish color; the urine is +passed in small quantities, and is a deep yellow color; the bowels are +generally constipated, and the excrement is of a pale clay color. In chronic +cases the belly is enlarged, and flatulence often exists; while on the right +side a swelling may be felt. In severe cases the dog rapidly loss flesh +and soon becomes a mere skeleton; the coat is rough and staring, and +often somes off in patches. All writers I have consulted on the subject +recommend mercury in the treatment of jaundice, so I here give par- +ticulars of its dose, and the mode of administering it, for the benefit of +my readers, although I do not myself use it. + +Mercurial Treatment of Jaundice. — Calomel 2 grains to 4 grains, with +1 grain of opium every six hours, as per size of dog, is not uncommon pre- +scription. Or another treatment is: Blue pill 3 grains, opium 1 grain, +to be given every five or six hours. If diarrhea be produced by this treat- +ment, the quantity of opium must be increased, and the mercury, if neces- +sary, reduced to 2 grains. + +I prefer to use the Compound Podophyllin Pills: + +Podophyllin 6 grains + +Compound extract of colocynth 30 grains + +Powdered rhubarb 48 grains + +Extract of henbane 36 grains + +Mix and divide into twenty-four pills. One pill to dog up to 20 lbs., +two pills to larger ones. + +If the bowels be not freely opened after administering the first pill a +close of salts and senna (black draught) should be given; on the other +hand, if diarrhea exists it must be checked. In conjunction with the pills +the following mixture should be tried: + +Mixture for Jaundice. — Take bromide of potassium, 1 dram; taraza- +cum (dandelion) juice, 3 ounces; mix, and give a teaspoonful three times +a day in water or gruel. This dose is for a dog about 20 lb. weight, for + + + + +a 50 lb. or larger dog give a two teaspoonful dose. Benefit is also derived +from the administration of 30 grains to 60 grains of sulphate of potassium +in water. The dose may be repeated in twenty-four hours, but must not +be continued long enough to cause excessive purging. + +When, as in chronic inflammation, the liver is enlarged, the Liniment +for Sprains, equal parts of spirits of turpentine, liquid ammonia (not the +strongest), laudanum and rape oil, well rubbed round the region of the +diseased organ, or a strong mustard plaster applied. Another method of +affording relief is to take a piece of flannel, dip it in hot water, wring the +water out, pour some spirit of turpentine over the material, and apply to +the affected part. It is very important that the bowels should be freely +relieved at the outset, and if the means advised above prove unsuccessful, +it would be well to resort to clysters of oatmeal gruel and castor oil. The +diet is very important throughout the attack. Must be light and nourishing, +and in a fluid or sloppy form. Boiled wheat flour, with beef tea or mutton +broth, is very good. Keep dog warm, dry, and disturbed as little as possible. + +Kennel Lameness, or Chest-Founder. — (See Rheumatism, also.) — This +is a rheumatic affection of the forequarters, and particularly of the muscles +connecting the shoulder-blade with the trunk. It is caused by exposure to +wet and cold, and generally by the dog being kept in damp or draughty +kennels. The symptoms are stiffness and soreness of one or both shoul- +ders. This is most noticeable when the. dog is running down hill, or when +jumping, as of course then practically the whole of the weight of the body +is on these parts. Left to himself, the dog shows an indisposition to move, +and experiences pain if the hand is passed over his shoulders; indeed, even +when a attempt is made to touch him, he shrinks from the hand with a +snarl or anticipatory cry of pain. In long-standing cases power of move- +ment of the forequarters is almost lost, and many are incurable. + +The treatment most advised is to give a warm bath, and after thor- +oughly drying, rub the parts well with a liniment composed of equal parts +spirit of turpentine, spirit of hartshorn, and laudanum. If that should +fail to give relief the following should be tried: + +Liniment for Rheumatism.— Take liniment of aconite, 1 part; com- +pound camphor liniment, 2 parts; mix, and rub into the affected parts con- +tinuously for half an hour at a time, using considerable friction. The +rheumatic liniment is expensive, also a powerful poison, so that great care +must be used with it. + +The dog's coat should be wiped dry after applying it, and it is advisable +that he should wear a canvas-faced muzzle. The bowels should be freely +acted on, and the Compound Podophyllin Pills (find prescription under +Asthma) will be the best aperient. This pill given once will probably be +enough. A little warm broth after given will assist its action. The fol- +lowing mixture should also be given: + +Mixture for Rheumatism. — Take iodide of potassium, y2 dram; sweet +spirit of nitre, Y2 ounce; water, 3% ounces. Give one to two dessert- +spoonfuls for a dose, twice a day. + +Even more useful than the mixture recommended, is salicylate of +sodium in 10 grain to 30 grain doses, in water, three times a day. If +this fail, then try 5 grains to 15 grains of benzoic acid in pill form, twice + +a-day. + +The food shoufd be sloppy and nourishing, and the dog be kept in a +warm, dry place, free from draught. + +Kidneys, Inflammation of the This is fortunately not often found + +in the dog. It is a disease of a very dangerous nature. The symptoms are +intense fever, great pains across the loins, a peculiar straddling gait and the +ineffectual or partial effort to pass urine, the quantity being small and +sometimes mixed with blood. It may be caused by the presence of stone, +by blows or sprains in the lumbar region, or due as a result of having +administered overdoses of turpentine, cantharides, or other powerful exci- +tants of the urinary organs. It is safest and advisable to call in a qualified +veterinarian in this trouble. Relief can be given by continuous bathing of +the surrounding parts with warm water, relieving the bowels, and re- +ducing the attendant fever by daily doses of (12 grains for an ordinary dog) +of Dover's Powder, and the constant use of the following fever mixture: + +Powdered nitre 1 dram + +Sweet spirits of nitre y2 ounce + +Mindererous spirit ' 1 yz ounce + +Wine or antimony 1 dram + +Water 4 ounces + +Mix; dose for a 20 lb. to 40 lb. dog, one tablespoonful every four +hours in a little gruel. Larger dogs like St. Bernards a table- +spoonful and a half as a dose. + +Keeping Flies Off Ear and Nose. — Flies often bother a dog's ear and +nose in summer, making sore places. Pine tar rubbed on the sore places +will do this nicely, also healing up the sores at same time. You can get +a box of it at any drug store for 10 cents, or Eberhart's Skin Cure applied +twice daily will do the work as well. + +Lice. — See Parasites External. + +Lice. — There are two kinds of lice which infest dogs, and both of +them are quite similar to those infesting man. One, the Haematopinus +piliferus, is generally found about the throat and back of the ears, but may +extend over all parts of the body. The female is two mm. long, in color +a yellowish white, the head being a little darker than the body. The male +is 1.15 mm. long. The head is short and as wide as it is long. It is salient +and is exactly applied to the thorax. The third and fourth articles of the +antennae are alike. The female is about 2 mm. in length. The abdomen +is a long oval in shape and well developed. It is made up of nine round +segments, the first seven having two rows of short bristles. The other +louse (Trichodectes latus) is a bright yellow, with dark spots, with blackish +brown bands on the head. The female in length is 1.5 mm., the male 1.4 +mm. The head is wider than it is long. The antennae are hairy and differ- + + + + +ent In both sexes, the first article in the male being much thicker than +the other. The abdomen is broad and more rounded in the female than in +the male and has lateral but no median spots. + +Lice live in all parts of the body — the roots of the ears, around the eyes +and all about the head and face, as well as along the top of the back. They +spt up an irritation that causes the dog to scratch and worry continually, +and if the skin be closely examined streaks and dots of blood will indicate +the feeding places of these pests, which are easily discerned creeping about. + +The rapidity with which lice multiply is marvelous. Independent of +the destructive influences which restrain their multiplying, it is estimated +that the descendants in the third generation of one female louse will num- +ber 125,000. v + +The most effectual and the safest remedy for the destruction of lice +is a lime and sulphur lotion. The skin should be thoroughly saturated +with it for ten or fifteen minutes, and at the end of this time the dog +should be given a bath in lukewarm water, a standard dog soap being +used. He should then be brushed and combed until thoroughly dried. +Covering the dog with a mixture of cotton seed oil and crude coal oil in +equal parts and then washing the dog at the end of a half hour with warm +water and dog soap will kill eithpr fleas or lice. + +Eberhart's Skin Remedy will kill lice. It should be thoroughly rub- +bed in, not missing a spot on the dog. After it has been on half an hour, +then the dog can be washed and dried; this bath only given to remove the +grease, if it is a house pet. . If in warm weather, and dog can be kept out +in the yard, the bath is not necessary. The application must be repeated +at least once more, In twenty-four hours, to kill the nits or the young +ones that are born every twenty-four hours. My dog soap will kill lice, +if you apply it thoroughly, and allow it to remain on (and repeat once or +twice more. + +For pet or house dogs the insect powders generally made from the +powdered flowers of pyrethrum roseum will be found most convenient. +Unfortunately their expense precludes their general use in kennels. The +powder must be well rubbed into the roots of the hair or blown in with a +small bellows, made for that purpose, that is of assistance in spreading it +well around the roots of the hair. After allowing it to remain on some +time — fifteen minutes to one hour — it can be dusted out over a sheet of pa- +per, which can then be rolled up and burned. + +Lock-Jaw (Tetanus) — This is of very rare occurrence, a fact all the +more remarkable when we consider how liable the dog is to various spas- +modic affections. I have never seen a case of it myself, but Blaine describes +it, and it is a recognized canine disease. It is a form of tetanus, and under +that head Professor J. Woodroffe Hill describes the symptoms: "When the +jaws only are affected, the head is poked out, the jaws are tightly closed, +the angles of the mouth are drawn back, the mouth is filled with frothy +saliva, and the eyes are fixed in an unnatural and often hideous position." + +If you are so unfortunate as to have a dog seized with lock-jaw, place +him in quiet place on a good bed where the light is subdued and he will +not be liable to be disturbed, and send at once for the best veterinary + + + + +surgeon you can find. A cure is very doubtful, even with the most skilled +treatment; but, as a matter of duty and humanity, try and help your dog +through this most dangerous trouble if it is possible. All owners of dogs +should keep informed as to the veterinarians in their town or city, as to +which one is experienced in canine practice, so that when a case is urgent, +you will know what one to call in and just where to find him. Officious +ignorance and rough handling would only cause pain without the remotest +hope of good results. + +Looseness of the Bowels — See Diarrhea and Dysentery. + +Lumbago. — See Rheumatism. + +Leucorrhoea. — Use as an injection peroagina sulphate of zinc, % dram; +acetate of lead, Vz dram to a pint of water. One injection per day, except +in bad cases it can be used twice daily. + +Lacteal Tumors. — No better treatise on this trouble can be given than +Dalziel's: + +"Every dog owner must know what a common <:hing it is to see a bitch +with an enlargement of one of her teats, or the structures adjoining them. +Now, not only is such very unsightly, but when grown to a considerable +Size, as it will do, it is very liable to injury. + +"The immediate cause is the damming up of one of the milk-ducts; +the teat is 'blind,' as it is called in dairy parlance — that is, the flow of +milk through it is obstructed by some malformation. Far oftener, however, +the milk itself is the cause; that is to say, it is not drained off sufficiently, +when it hardens, acts as a foreign body, and still further as an irritant, be- +cause of its chemical decomposition. The effect of this is that more or less +inflammation of the milk-gland is produced, a hard lump forms and increases +gradually, and once begun, the evil develops more and more at each return- +ing period after oestrum, when pupping has or should have taken place. + +"From the numerous questions I have received on the subject it does +not appear to be generally known by those who keep dogs that some bitches, +even if they have been secluded from the dog during the period of 'heat,' +will secrete a fluid much resembling milk at the time they would have had +pups had impregnation been allowed, but such is the case. It is, therefore, +the duty of the owner to note the time and look out for the evidence of +this secretion and have it removed by hand, or by one of the many breast- +exhausters, giving at the same time a light diet, with an extra proportion of +boiled vegetables and a few doses of cooling, aperient medicine. Permit- +ting a bitch when in milk to lie on cold bricks or flags, or to be exposed in +other ways to cold and damp, may also cause obstruction af the teat and +subsequent tumors; while blows, bruises and wounds sometimes produce a +like result. A not uncommon cause of these lacteal tumors Is the hurried +drying up of the milk by artificial means. It is sometimes desirable to +destroy pups that are the result of a mesalliance, but it is absolutely cruel +to deprive the poor mother of all her progeny. In addition to the cruelty, + + + + +there is always the risk of the flow of milk clamming up one or more of the +teats and producing tumor. + +"The measure of prevention against lacteal tumors will, from the +foregoing remarks, have suggested themselves to the reader. Nature has +ordained that the bitch should bring forth young at least once in twelve +months, and, though she permits us to take certa'n liberties with her laws, +yet if we go beyond a certain limit, disease follows as a punishment; even +when we interfere with her prerogative, it must not be by direct contradic- +tion, but by diverting her forces into other channels. When we forbid the +bitch to breed we put an embargo on certain functions, and the energy +that supplies and works these functions we divert by exciting extra secre- +tions of the bowels, kidneys, etc.; but the safest, because the most natural, +prevention of disease, is to let the bitch breed. + +"When it is desired to 'dry' the bitch, that is, to stop the secretion of +milk, it is wrong to give alum and other astringents, and to rub brandy, +etc., along the mammae. The object is more surely obtained gradually, +and that without the risk of untoward results, by drawing off what m,-lk +there is regularly, giving a spare diet, and a good purge, following this +with 2 grains to 3 grains of iodide of potassium, twice a day, and rubbing +well with the following liniment: + +L'niment for Drying Bitches. — Iod'de of potassium, 2 drams; soap lini- +ment and oil of camphor, of each 2 ounces. + +When a tumor does form, and the bitch is still in milk, draw the milk +off twice a day, and in any case, give a brisk purge. Keep her on a spare, +and rather dry diet, and to one of 20 lb. weight give twice a day 2 grains +of iodide of potassium, in about two tablespoonfuls of water, immediately +after feeding, and apply twice Or thrice a day the following ointment to +the lumps or swelling i + +pi'ifmeut for Lacteal Tumors: + +Iodide of potassium ,,,,,,,,,,, 1 Arnux + +powdered camphor ,.,,,,,.,... 1 dram + +Strong mercurial ointment ,,,,,,,.,........... V2 ounce + +Spermaceti ointment .,,,...... . 1 oinwn + +Mixed, Rub a little W©il in with gentle friGUct). + +If these means do not prove sufficient for the dispersion of the swell- +ing, add to the above ointment 2 scr, of resublimcd iodine dissolved in, a, +little spirit of wine. + +When the swelling has gone on so far unheeded that matter is formed, +and becomes soft and ripe (which may be told by the fluctuating of the +enlargement under pressure of the finders \ there is nothing for it but the +lancet, which should be inserted in the soft 1 a. t, and a cut made downwards, +to insure perfect drainage. The parts must then be frequently bathed, the +matter pressed out, washed with a solution of Condy's FluM, and dressed +with Turner's cerate, while the pat;ent should havo a g^orl ctrcn~ purg*. +These growths are often, removed by the knife, and when of. long standing + + + + +that is the only course. Camphorated Oil is also used in such cases, and +for drying up the milk I have found it very satisfactory. + +Dent treats this subject as follows: + +"Nature has ordained that at least once a year certain nervous energies +in the female clog be set in motion. This nervous force excites the bowels, +the brain, the kidneys, the circulation, and all the other organs "of the body, +and what is known as the period of oestrum, or being in season, is the +result. If the bitch be bred at this time a natural function is performed +and a natural law satisfied. If she is not bred these functions are seriously +interfered with for the time, how seriously or the extent of the interference +we do not know. That this nervous action does not cease or is entirely +suppressed by simply putting the bitch by for the time is unmistakably +denied by subsequent events. A natural prerogative asserts itself and it is +a common occurrence for bitches which have not been bred to develop +a feverish disturbance of the system, a swelling of the milk glands and the +secretion of a whitish fluid resembling milk at the time they would have +given birth to puppies if they had been bred. + +"If this milky fluid is not drawn off with the breast pump there is +danger of its hardening and forming a lacteal tumor. In passing a bitch +over the period of oestrum without breeding her, it would be well for all +breeders to anticipate the possibility of this secretion; watch for it at +the proper time. Remove it if it appears and feed for the time a light, +cooling diet of stale bread or dog biscuits softened in soup or milk, with an +increased amount of vegetables, and keep the bowels open with doses of +cascara sagrada and olive oil as often as may be necessary. In cases of +a misalliance the puppies are frequently destroyed at birth. This is posi- +tively cruel to the mother and the shock to her nervous system is so great as +to frequently affect her constitution. The puppies should be taken away as +previously stated, one or two at a time, and the milk dried up, with the +same care as if the puppies were to be raised. + +"Lacteal tumors sometimes result from blows, wounds, kicks and other +injuries; exposure to the cold, sudden chills from lying on damp straw or +upon cold bricks or cement floors. The great proportion of cases, however, is +due to the causes, first mentioned. + +"Treatment. — To dry a bitch up properly and prevent the formation of +milk tumors after removing the puppies as previously described, keep the +bowels open with cascara sagrada and olive oil; feed a spare diet or raw, +lean beef, chopped fine, milk, gelatin, eggs, stale bread or dog biscuits soaked +in thin soup. If there is any milk remaining in the gland draw it off +night and morning with a breast pump. + +"Apply the following liniment three times a day, with gentle massage: +Camphorated oil four ounces, fluid extract of belladonna three drams, soap +liniment two ounces, witch hazel two ounces. + +"Give a thirty-pound dog a capsule containing of the iodide of potash +three grains, pepsin three grains, gentian three grains, diastase one grain. + +"For the removal of lacteal tumors the following ointment is recom- +mended: Iodide of potassium two drams, powdered camphor two grains, +mercurial ointment two drams, iodine resub ten grains, five grains of men- + + +r + +thol alcohol q. s., lanolin three ounces. Apply three times a clay and rub well +into the skin with gentle friction. The capsules previously mentioned +should also be given three times a day. + +"Tumors that do not yield to the treatment, or have been let go so +far as to become ripe or full of matter, can only be treated with the +knife. Operations should only be entrusted to a veterinary surgeon, who +will insert the lancet at the softest spot of the enlargement and drain off +the contents, afterward inserting a pledget of oakum which should be +changed daily. Large tumors that do not soften should be dissected out +entire and the wound properly dressed." + +Labor, Premature. — This is occasionally caused by over exertion, leap- +ing from a high place, injuries and the abuse of purgatives, as well as the. +result of diseased organs; it is not of very frequent occurrence, bitches +generally whelping exactly sixty-three days after the visit to the dog, al- +though there are numerous instances where the time is varied more or +less. When it does occur the bitch should be placed in a comfortable +room and kept perfectly quiet, fed on broth, porridge, &c, and repeated +doses, one every four or five hours, of opium, should be given. See also +Parturition. + +Lameness may arise from a cut foot, a thorn, injury to the spine, or + +to one of the limbs or joints or from rheumatism, when it comes on +suddenly, seek for the cause, and treat the case accordingly, the liniment +for sprains very likely to be of benefit in many of such cases. + +Laryngitis, or Inflammation of the Upper Part of the "Windpipe. — This +common affection is caused by cold or incessant barking, the dog becomes +hoarse and the power to bark articulately is gone. Yard dogs kept con- +stantly on chain, and very wrong to so keep any dog, are very liable to +contract this from straining on their collar in barking and trying to get at +somebody or something it sees. In treating laryngitis there is danger of +choking the dog in drenching because of the difficulty in swallowing caused +by the inflammation. The following electuary in this or any case of sore +throat will be found safer and very beneficial: + +Chlorate of potash, finely powdered 2 drams + +Powdered gum guaicum 1 dram + +Powdered gum acacia ' 1 dram + +Oxymel of squills 5 drams + +Honey 1 ounce + +Mix, and place a teaspoonful well back on the tongue three times a +day. + +Poultice the throat with hot linseed meal poultices, renewed often, or +bathe with hot water, and afterwards rubbed well in the following liniment: + +Spirit of turpentine . . , , 1 ounce + +Spirit of hartshorn .. .,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,, , X ounce + +Tincture of cantharldes % ounce + +Rape oil , ,,,,,, 1 ft ounoes + + + +Here is a case prescribed for by Dent: + +"I have an English setter dog about twenty months old that acts as +though he had something in his throat. It affects his breathing, and when +he first showed symptoms of it his eyes were red and ran matter. He +eats sometimes, but at others will not eat; is healthy and bright. I can put +my finger under his throat and press very lightly, and it almost shuts off +his wind. It seems as though there was a kind of bunch in his throat +that is not natural. (1) Would inflammation of the larynx cause it? +(2) Is there such a thing as a tumor of the larynx? I had him in swim- +ming about four weeks ago, and when he was in the water his breathing +sounded like the voice of a frog. Please diagnose and prescribe. Ans.— +(1) Yes. (2) Yes. Your dog has laryngitis; give the following: Glycrrhiza +two drams, muriate of ammonia one dram, tincture opium thirty minims, +water to make two ounces; dose one teaspoonful every four houri." + +Lungs, Inflammation of (Pneumonia; Pleurisy — Inflammation of the +Investing Membrane of the Lungs, and that which lines the Chest-CaYity — +&c.) — On this subject I give Dalziel's treatment complete. + +These two diseases are sometimes co-existent, when it is known as +pleuro-pneumonia. It would be too much to expect an amateur to distin- +guish between them; but as the causes and treatment are much the same, +I shall continue to treat them as one disease. This disease is of very com- +mon occurrence in dogs, and in many cases proves fatal. When it exists as +a complication of distemper it is known as "chest distemper;" but other +Of the respiratory organs may be involved. + +The causes producing inflammation of the lungs are generally exposure +to gevere cold, allowing dogs to swim during inclement weather, clipping +dogs or otherwise removing a greater part of their natural covering, or +washing them and afterwards exposing them to excessive cold, especially +If not thoroughly dried. In fact, any sudden transition from a high to +a low temperature may produce it, especially in dogs of a delicate consti- +tution and unused to roughing it. Again, it may occur from over-exertion +through running too far, or from fractured ribs penetrating the lung-tissue. + +The more notable symptoms are quick and labored breathing, the in* +spirations being full, the expirations short, and the breath hot. The dog +sits on his haunches, and if obliged to move doeg so reluctantly, and soon +resumes that position, with his head pushed forward. The ribs are mora +or less fixed, and the abdominal muscles brought Into action, especially If +pleurisy is present. The fixed position of the ribs, with the heaving of the +flanks, is a most characteristic symptom of pleurisy. In affections of the +lungs, the animal stands with its legs (fore legs) wide apart. If the dis- +ease progresses, the face has a haggard expression, the angle of the mouth +is drawn up, and the extremities become deathly cold. If not relieved, the +dog rapidly gets worse, and the breathing becomes more labored and painful. + +Pleurisy, or inflammation of the investing membrane of the lungs, often +exists independently, or as a complication of pneumonia. To treat this +disease with any chance of success it is important that the dog should be +kept where he can freely breathe fresh, cool, a!r; a hot. stiflin* place is +equally to be avoided with a damp or draughty one. Whilst cool, fresh air + + + + +i« insured, the patient must at the same time be kept warm by clothing: if +necessary; it is also needful that he should be as little distrubed as possible. +If the legs are cold, woollen bandages should be placed on all of them. The +diet should be rather low at first, but not too much so — broth, gruel, etc., +are suitable under the circumstances. + +In the way of medicines, it is necessary that the bowels should be kept +open by castor oil or the use of clysters. The Fever Mixture — which find +given under Catarrh, should be immediately and diligently administered. + +Blisters to the sides, as sometimes advised, are bad, as they cause +soreness and increase the pain in breathing. Hot -linseed poultices should +alone be employed throughout the day and night. If the fever is high, give +% to 1 drop of tincture of aconite every fifteen minutes for two hours, then +hourly for eight hours. + +Dogs recovering from this disease are always very weak, and require +very great care to prevent a relapse, even when all danger appears to be +gone. Only the most gentle exercise should be allowed at first, and fine +weather selected for it. The dog will require nourishing diet, which should +be plain, and consist for a time of broths, etc. a return to solid food +being gradual. The dog will at this stage be greatly benefited by tonics +and to build him up use either Eberhart's Tonic Pills, or Sergeant's Con- +dition Pills. + +Mange — A troublesome, and, in some forms, the most loathsome dis- +ease met with in the dog, occurring in so many forms as to be not always +easy of distinction. The trouble with too many dog owners is, that, when +any skin trouble appears they are most likely to call it Mange. Mange and +Eczema are too often confounded, and, as there is a decided difference, +mange being a skin trouble, due to a parasite, while eczema is a blood +trouble, the two diseases require different treatment. The term mange, as +applied to animals, is identical with itch in the human race, in both of +which exist parasite life in the skin, and is a cutaneous disease. The very +pronounced distinction between true mange and eczema, and other causes +of irritation of the skin, is that mange is caused by a parasite invisible to +the naked eye, and that it is transferable by contact, from one animal to +another, while eczema, blotch, surfiet or red mange, is not. And, while a +whole kennel may be suffering from the latter compalints, it must be be- +cause all have been subjected to conditions of life occasioning derange- +ment of the system, eczema remains an individual disease, and is never +transmitted. True mange resembles itch in man, as it is due to a small +parasite that burrows or tunnels through the skin in all directions, draw- +ing its nourishment therefrom. The female deposits her eggs In the canals +formed, which hatch out in about two weeks; the young continue bur- +rowing and occasion intense itching. True mange is entirely a local affec- +tion, and the uneasiness and loss of sleep causes the animal to continually +scratch and bite itself in Its vain efforts to allay the intolerable pain and +itching. This has a very debilitating effect upon the system, and will soon +transform a healthy and sleek coated pet into a loathsome object. + +The cause is invariably the result of having met some dog or other +animal that w*§ affected with mange. One dog meeting another or occu- + + + + +pying his kennel or sleeping quarters, or being shipped in a crate that +was used by a dog with mango, will surely contract it. Absolute clean- +liness is necessary in the treatment of mange. When your dog shows +signs of mange, remove it immediately from its quarters to new ones, +burn the bedding it has used, wash its kennel with boiling water, to which +has been added the Standard Disinfectant, or Sanitas (See advertisement +of both in this book). Either one, if thoroughly applied, will destroy +every parasite in the kennel. + +Now give your dog a good bath with Eberhart's Dog Soap, using quite as +Warm water as the dog c ■ : i ii stand, cleansing its entire body and opening the +pores of the skin. After drying the dog thoroughly, then apply Eberhart's +Skin Cure all over the dog, rubbing it in well with your bands and not. +missing a spot on tbe dog's body, for if yon do you leave some parasites +— a very busy and industrious pest they are — and in a day later many new- +born ones would be hard at work again. Take plenty Of lime in putting +on 'this skin cure, using "plenty of elbow grease,*' applying it the same +as you would a liniment. Repeal this the next day, and probably Eor two +days more, the bath not being strictly essential except the first day. If +you wish, or the dog is a house dog. you can give It a bath after the skin +cure has been on for ball' an hour, for it has then done its work, this bath +simply to put the dog in more presentable and cleaner shape, as all skin +or mange cures contain oil of some kind and are therefore greasy. There +are several good mange cures aside I'tom mine. + +Ordinarily a case of mange should be cured in a week or two, and +after three or four applications all over the dog, it is only necessary to +apply it daily to the sore places, or where no hair, as my skin remedy is, +also, a great hair grower, and never fails to restore the hair, unless tbe +hair roots have been destroyed — when nothing will bring back the hair. +It is not necessary to change the food in treating mange. + +A very good mange euro is the following: + +Train oil ""4 gallon + +Venice turpentine 2 ounces + +Oil of tar y2 ounce + +Lac Sulphur • 1 pound + +First mix the oil and turpentine and then add the oil of tar and sulphur. +Your druggist may not have train oil, as it is often hard to procure. If so, +common "black oil" or crude petroleum will do just as well. + +All mange cures should bo applied the same as directed in vising mine. + +■"■""he following, as a dip, was recommended by a friend, who used it in +his kem.ols. The only objection I can see is that it would not do to use +in cold weather: + +"For quick cure of mange use 1 quart of Standard Oil of Tar to 10 +quarts of water; have water as hot as possible without scalding or burning +band, mix thoroughly, place liquid In small narrow tub, one that will just +f»l the dog if possible; place dog In tub, take >. cup and pour the liquid all +ovur him, Beginning at head, just below ears; saturate dog thoroughly, +loosen up all old scabs, applying well tbe eure to affected parts. Take stiff + + + + +brush, wet with liquid, brush dog thoroughly; remove dog from tub, give +him a bed of clean straw to roll in, do not rinse off with clean water or +rub skin dry. Do not allow dog to roll in dirt immediately after his +wash, as he will if not chained up or placed in a room. Rolling in sand +after a wash will irritate the sores and make the cure all the harder. When +about dry. the sore spots may be touched up with equal parts of water +and Standard Oil of Tar. In curing mange, the bedding must be changed +every day, wash all woodwork where dog rubs, once every week with hot +waicr in which has been placed Standard Oil of Tar." + +There is no use in taking medicine unless you follow your doctor's +advice, so don't expect the desired result unless you follow directions, as +one or two applications will not effect a cure in a case Of mange. Mange +can be cured, no matter how bad a case it appears to be, if you go at it +right and have the right remedy, in fact, it is one of the easiest to cure of +all troubles. The reason why so many people dread this disease is be- +cause of their failure to cure what they wrongly suppose is mange, when +it perhaps is eczema, which is a much longer story, but can also be cured +and the treatment of which is given under that heading. Remember, that* +if you have more than one dog, the others will get it unless the afflicted +one is removed and isolateu in time. The advantage of having a regular +kennel or place for each dog to sleep is manifest in treating the dog for +mange, as thus you can disinfect his kennel and destroy the bedding, which +are both infected, whereas, if your dog was sleeping any place he wanted +to in your house, this would be a very difficult matter, and while you cured +him he could again contract it by coming in contact with the parasites that +had not been destroyed. + +You need not have any fear of con i racting mange from your dog; +I have treated many cases for years past and never got it — not transmit- +able from the dog to man. + +There are several skin diseases called by different names, or desig- +nated as different kinds of mange, but the treatment I have given for +mange, and the one for eczema, about covers the whole ground of skin +trouble, or, my remedy will cure them all, excepting that in some of them, as +in eczema, internal remedies must also be used at the same time to work +on the blood. Eczema is fully treated elsewhere. Carbolic acid is used +in many mange cures, a dangerous ingredient unless carefully used and +in small quantities. + +My long-time friend, Harry \Y. Lacy, editor of American Fancier and +Stock-keeper, has this to say of mange read it also: + +"It is quite true that eczema or red mange is to some extent con- +tagious, but we have not found it to be so to any extent which would justify +the term being applied to it. It is desirable, always to keep a dog affected +with skin disease away from other dogs, because constant contact in the +kennel or at play is liable to give rise to an exchange of skin complaint. +On the other hand, a dog with distemper, which is very contagious, is made +to give it to animals which never come mar to him, and a dog with +fleas will furnish a supply to ail his fellows in the neighborhood. In most +cases mange is, however, not due to contact by the victim with another +mangy cur, but is due to out-and-out neglect. Mange is never known in +kennels where the dogs are properly looked after; it is a cultivation of the + + +back-yard, and thrives best upon the poor chained-up brute that is more +human than his owner who keeps him chained there'. In a word, filth ia +the soil on which alone the sarcoptic parasite can thrive. + +"A dog with ordinary skin irritation, developing into redness and +rash, has acquired that in one of two ways. Either he has an hereditary +predisposition to skin complaint (and here let it be said that this heredi- +tary predisposition is a very common fact, and is due undoubtedly in a +great measure to the in-breeding which has been carried on to a greater or +less extent in all breeds) or else he is suffering from impurity in the blood +which may be clue to over-feeding or liver complaint or want of sufficient +exercise or any one of a dozen other things. If the former be the case it is +by no means probable that a cure will be effected, and the most important +thing that can be done is in the direction of preventing the disease from +being handed down to other generations. If it is intended to breed from +the dog it should be mated with the newest blood possible — that is to say +with an animal having a very different pedigree from its own. The disease +is certain to reappear even after the dog has been apparently cured. A +^hange of diet or of weather will always be liable to precipitate a fresh +attack." + +The following treatise on mange was written by Dalziel, and to it your +attention is called. A very able handling of the subject: + +Sarcoptic Mange — The mite producing this most nearly resembles the +itch-mite of man, and as it is propagated by eggs, and transmitted by +contact, direct or indirect, there seems nothing impossible in the idea of +stamping out this chief "enemy to the comfort of a brave spaniel," if only +we could get every clog owner to be careful and clean. There is much virtue +in an "if;" but at least we can learn from the facts about the mange-mite +that we need not harbor it in our own kennels, and by stamping it out +there, lessen it generally. Dirt unquestionably harbors and encourages +mange, although it does not produce it; left undisturbed by cleansing pro- +cesses, the pests breed and multiply with great rapidity. + +When the mite reaches the dog, it burrows into the skin; the pro- +cess, and also a poisonous fluid discharged by the creature, causes intol- +erable itching, and to relieve this the dog scratches, with the result that +the skin is broken, small red points appear, and these become pustular +and discharge a fluid which dries or crusts and forms a scab; the hair +falls off. The multiplication of the original cause of the evil is rapid, and, +left unchecked, the whole surface of the body soon becomes involved, +while the poor dog is an object of pity, and from want of rest and other +causes sinks into a helpless condition. This state is often called virulent +or scabby mange, and presents many of the characteristics of Blotch. The +skin is harsh, dry, and rough, until small pimples appear, when therefrom +oozes a purulent matter, forming scabs, which mat the hair together, and +bring it off in patches as the dog rubs or scratches himself. The back, +breast, and inside of the thighs are generally the first places attacked, and +every crease and wrinkle in the skin becomes inflamed and moist with the +irritating discharge. If the disease is left unchecked, it soon extends over +the whole body, reducing the dog to a deplorable condition, disgusting to +all who see him and intolerable to himself. These are severe and extreme +eases. In others a dry, scurfy mange exists, marked by little red spots, + + +' ~ + +and confined to the joints of the legs, over the eyes, the flaps of the ears, +etc.: and this may exist for some time without other damage than causing +the dog great uneasiness and injury to his appearance by partially destroy- +ing the hair and robbing it of its natural glossy appearance. + +The first thing to be done with a mangy dog is to wash him. Let him +have a good sousing and scrubbing with a good soap and water, "hottish +rather but not so boiling as to turn him red;" dry well with a soft cloth, +which mast immediately be boiled, and then dress him with one or the +other of the several well known mange cures. Whatever you use, see that +it is applied thoroughly; see that it reaches the skin where the mites are, +and is not merely left on the hair. Chronic cases of mange often take a +month or two to cure. Sulphur is given as an internal remedy for mange, +but it is not of any use, in mange. + +Follicular Mango is due to another mite (Demodex folloculorum), very +different in appearance from the other (Saroptes), which are short and +thick, whereas this, the Demodex, is elongated, and with a long, obtuse +tail. These parasites differ in their habits, the Demodex living in the +hair-follicles, and burrowing deep under the skin in the sebaceous gland +that supplies the unctous matter to protect the skin and keep it soft. +The depth to which the Demodex burrows renders Follicular Mange much +lets easy of transmission between dogs; but it also makes a cure much +more difficult, as the parasites are hard to reach. This mite is identical +with a parasite found in the human skin causing some disfiguration of +the face, but further than that it does no harm until transferred to the +dog, when it causes a most repulsive disease, and one very difficult to +•radicate. + +Some few yean ago Mr. Wm. Hunting, F.R.S.V.S., in conjunction with +Profes»or Duguid, made a series of investigations and experiments in eluci- +dation of this disease, and the following description of symptoms and +the diagnosis are from an article by the former gentleman, which appeared +in the Veterinary Journal, and afterward in pamphlet form: + +"The symptoms of the disease are seldom seen in the first stages; they +consist merely of circumscribed spots from which the hair fallsy and upon +which are noticeable a few small pimples. These patches extend rapidly, and +fresh ones appear on other parts. Any portion of the skin may be affected, +but the head, legs, belly, and sides, are usually the seat of the disease. +The affected places are almost hairless, and what hair remains is easily +pulled out; small pimples and pustules stud the surface, the latter varying +in size from a pin's head to that of a pea. The confluence of the pustules, +and the discharge of their contents, give rise to scabs; these crack and +bleed, and so produce a most repulsive appearance. In white-haired dogs +Ihe skin is red; in all it is extremely hot, and emits an unpleasant odor. +The irritation does not excite much scratching, but the dog frequently +shakes himself. More pain than itshing seems to accompany the disease. +In cases where the whole body is affected loss of condition is most marked; +and in cold weather the almost total loss of hair may cause death, if the +animal be not kept in a warm place. This stage, too, is always accom- +panied by ravenous appetite, due, probably, to the rapid loss of animal +heat. + + + + +"Diagnosis. — In white clogs the color of the skin may cause the disease +to be mistaken for 'Red Mange' or 'Eczema.' The circumscribed spots in +the first stages may be confounded with some forms of Tinea, and the loss +of hair and the presence of scabs seen in the fully developed disease may +easily be mistaken for ordinary scabies. The pustules, the heat of the skin, +and the comparatively slight itchiness shown, are, however, nearly diagnos- +tic. Positive diagnosis can only be made by the aid of the microscope and +the detection of the parasite. If we puncture one of the pustules, and mix +its contents on a slide with a little water, the acari are easily discovered. +I have found as many as thirty to one pustule. Sometimes we may detect +them on the root of a hair removed from an affected spot. With a low +power, the parasites somewhat resemble sprats or minnows, but a higher +power shows them to consist of a head and body, which latter terminates +in a long and obtusely pointed tail. They are furnished with six or eight +legs situated on the anterior part of the body, three or four on each side. +The head consists of two antennse and a median proboscis, all of which +are capable of being moved forward or backward. The legs consist of +three segments. The movements of the creatures are not often seen, and +are very slow. The parasite measures about one-hundredth of an inch in +length by one five-hundredth in breadth." + +"In regard to treatment, Fleming, in Veterinary Sanitary Science, says +"The situation of the Demodex renders it almost inaccessible to parasi- +tical remedies; the disease it engenders is therefore looked upon as ex- +tremely troublesome, and, in the majority of cases, almost beyond a cure. +Often, when it is believed to be extinguished, it reappears in all its viru- +lence in one or two months. Nevertheless, Zurn asserts that he has fre- +quently succeeded with an ointment composed of 1 part of benzine to 4 +parts of lard. Zundel states that the balsam of Peru has often yielded +good results when the malady has not been of too long duration; he has +employed it dissolved in alcohol (1 to 30)." + +Symptoms of Scaroptic Mange. — In pronounced cases this disease is +easily recognizable, but in the initial stages, when the hair is not much +lost or broken, if complicated with eczema — which is not uncommon — +diagnosis is more difficult. + +The first symptom is that of great irritation of the affected parts, +especially on the application of heat. + +The symptoms first appear in the form of small red spots, which may +be seen on the head, close to the muzzle, the outside of the roots of the +ears, round the eyes and neck, the bottom part of the chest, the elbows, +the soft skin of the stomach, behind the thighs and the feet. + +As a matter of fact, it may appear on any part of the body. The +small red spots resemble flea bites on the human skin. These red spots +are more noticeable when situated on the stomach or inside the thighs. + +Little blisters appear in place of the red spots, and if they are in +large numbers and burst open sores appear. + +Injury will result from an inoculation of the skin with the contents +of the blisters, which often occurs as a result of scratching or rubbing. + +Doss of hair will follow this, and is caused partly by the scratching +and partly by the scaling of the crusts of the skin caused by the small +blisters and pimples. + + +Te skin then becomes thickened and hardened. In neglected cases the +general health is very much affected, as the animal gets little rest, and +in weakly subjects generally results fatally. + +Scaroptic Mange is very readily communicated to the human subject, +and is the cause in most cases of what is termed "Scabbies," and is far more +common than is generally supposed. But Scaroptic Mange is comparatively +easy to cure if taken in hand rightly. It is a waste of time to simply +apply a mange cure to the affected parts. To complete a cure you must +treat your dog internally as well as externally or you will never have a +perfect cure. + +Here is where I should try Eberhart's Skin Remedy — and for the +blood, use internally, the White Sulphur, as advised for Eczema. (See +Eczema). + +Mouth, Canker of the — This is generally the result of dainty feeding +and lack of exercise, but in old dogs it may come from failing teeth and want +of masticating power. Either or both of these causes lead to disordered +stomach and foul breath; a deposit of tartar takes place, the gums and +lips becoming red, inflamed, and spongy, and after a time a fetid discharge +from the mouth, and often accompanied with bleeding. Old animals are +most subject to this trouble, and by examining you will probably find some +decayed teeth, the gums being so tender that in attempting to eat, the +dog suffers great pain, which he will show by his trying to chew the food +for a minute, roll it about in his mouth and then drop it. + +To cure the disease, remove the cause. If you have been cramming the +dog with delicacies, return to a sensible way of feeding and give proper +exercise. Examine his mouth carefully for decayed teeth, and, if found, +remove them and the rotten stumps with a pair of suitable forceps. This +is not so difficult and you can do it by having some one hold the dog's +head firmly, and can be done more easily than may be supposed, a very +little practice making any one efficient. While his mouth is in such a +tender state he must have food that requires no chewing, as well as to +keep correct his disordered stomach. A vegetable diet is now the thing. +Give him quite a brisk dose of the following pills: + +Podophyllin 6 grains + +Compound extract of colocynth 30 grains + +Powdered rhubarb 48 grains + +Extract of henbane 36 grains + +Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. Give for grown dogs from +two to four pills, according to size. + +After a dose of this, then use the following: + +Extract of gentian 1 dram i. + +Powdered rhubarb 3 6 grains + +Carbonate of soda 12 grains + +Gum acacia sufficient to make into twelve 10-grain pills. + + + + +Very small toy dogs should have half a pill. Give these twice a +day until all the symptoms have disappeared. + +A most excellent wash for the mouth in order to remove the unpleasant +smell, is a solution 6f chlorinated soda, diluted with twenty-four to thirty +times its volume of water. Wash out the mouth freely with this several +times a day. + +The following will harden the gums and assist in bringing them to a +healthy state: Take powdered alum, % ounce; simple tincture of myrrh, 1 +ounce; dissolve the alum in a pint of water and add the tincture of myrrh. + +The ulcers that occur upon the gums should be touched with a 10 per +cent solution of nitrate of silver. + +Milk-Glands, Inflammation of the. — See Mammltis. + +Meningitis. — See Brain, Inflammation of the. + +Milk, Absence of. — This trouble Is quite too often met with in bitches, +I regret to say. Usually the result of weakness, obesity, or disease of the +mammary glands. It sometimes is luckily only temporary, and the secre- +tion can be restored with friction to the glands with the hand. The fol- +lowing can be given to weakly bitches: + +Tincture cinchonae co 1 ounce + +Liquor cinchonae V2 dram + +Spirits- of ammonia aromatic % ounce + +Water, to make 6 ounces + +Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful three times daily, according +to size of bitch. + +Maw-AVorms. — See Worms. + +Mammltis, (Inflammation of the Milk-Glands) frequently occurs. Caus- +es are, retention of milk, the result of taking away the puppies immediately +after born, or too early, or from their death, or cold or injuries. Symp- +toms are a redness and tenderness of the parts, the milk is curdled, and +often puss or blood accompanies it, the former if abscesses have formed. +Very highly important that such cases should be attended to at once. As +quick as first symptoms are noticed foment the parts with warm water +during the day, being careful to dry well afterward. If caused by the +retention of milk by the bitch having lost her puppies, or they were taken +away from her, the milk must be drawn away frequently by the hands. ' +Where possible, and the bitch will permit, a puppy should be given her. +Give her one to two drams of epsom salts with from ten to twenty grains +of bicarbonate of soda twice daily in water, until the bowels are well +relaxed. By adopting this treatment in the early stages the inflammation +will usually subside and the gland regain its normal condition. Pus or +matter will accumulate in protracted cases, and abscesses form. The latter + + + + +must be eradiated by lancing, and boracic acid lotion or ointment applied +to the part nigbt and morning, and to prevent her from licking it she +should have a muzzle with a piece of canvas sewn over the front. Where +abscesses have formed, patches of the gland will generally become obliter- +ated, and of no further use. Mammitis does sometimes assume a chronic +form, the glands become enlarged and indurated. + +Milk Fever (Parturient Apoplexy) is uncommon in the bitch. There is +clanger of causing it by robbing her of all her puppies, especially if she has +plenty of milk, in a case of where she has got out on you and bred by mistake +to some common dog. Drown all but one puppy as soon as born, if you don't +want to raise them, but leave one to nurse for a week or so. + +The Symptoms are apparent weakness, staggering, quick hard breath- +ing, hot dry nose and tongue, the tongue furred; the milk is suppressed, +and the bitch shows extreme thirst. + +Treatment — Apply ice to the head, if possible; if not, then cold water +often relieves the bowels by clysters. Keep her quiet and as little disturbed +as can be, a soft bed provided so the head will be somewhat elevated. This +is very important. Also give Glover's and Clayton's Distemper Cure every +two or three hours in teaspoonful doses for ordinary sized dogs, for a day +■or two, until she is better, which will allay the fever. The bitch should +be milked two or three times a day. If a caked breast appears treat this +as prescribed under that heading. In Milk Fever when the bitch is uncon- +scious, nourishment, such as brandy and milk, can be given her rectum. +The bladder must be emptied by means of the catheter. + +Navel Hernia, or Rupture. — An enlargement of the navel, often met +with in puppies, and may be simply an expansion of the same, or cicatrice. +Navel hernia is the protrusion of a portion of the intestine — the membra- +neous covering of the bowels. It may be caused by extra strain at birth +on the umbilical cord, or the tongue of the mother may extend the wound. +It is a soft, movable tumor over the navel, varying in size, and most prom- +inent when the stomach and bowels are full. I have seen it occur in pup- +pies, but so slight that I did not do anything for them, it doing no harm, +and only leaving a small lump that was never noticed as they grew up, +the hair on the belly hiding it. In treating puppies for it, wait till they are +weaned and separated from their mother, or she will, with her tongue, +remove or displace the application. Now take the puppy in the morn- +ing, before his breakfast, when bowels are empty, lay him on his back on +your lap, and place over the enlargement a pad of vulcanized India rubber or +cork, tapered, the smaller end being applied on the tumor after it has been +pressed in, and the pad secured by strips of white leather smeared with +warm pitch plaster, well stuck to the belly so pup can not scratch it off with +its feet. A cure can be effected in a few weeks if the pad is kept in place. + +Here is a case that was prescribed for by Dent: + +"My pointer puppy, ten weeks old, strong and healthy, has a rupture +right under its belly, near the ribs and about the size of a very large pea. + + + + +Will it have any bad effect on the dog after being cured? Please prescribe. +Ans. — These navel ruptures frequently disappear with age and seldom +cause any inconvenience. If you want to operate on the rupture, lay the +dog on his back, pinch the skin up over the opening in the walls of the +abdomen and pass two pins through at right angles to each other, being +careful not to puncture the intestines; then tie a silk cord around the skin +between the body and the pins and allow it to stay there until it sloughs +off." + +Nephritis. — See Kidneys, Inflammation of. + +Obesity. — See Fatness, Excessive. + +Ostitis (Inflammation of the Bone) This is generally due to violence, + +blows, or to constitutional disturbance, like rheumatism or scrofula. Symp- +toms are pain, heat and swelling of the skin at the affected part, also lame- +ness. Very essential in such cases is rest, combined with hot fomenta- +tions to the part and a dose of aperient medicine; when due to rheumatism, +the systemic treatment recommended under Rheumatism, should. be adopt- +ed; and should there be an enlargement left after the acute inflammation +has subsided, the part should be painted daily with tincture of iodine, unless +soreness is produced, when this treatment should cease for a day or two. + +Ozoena. — This complaint shows itself by a discharge from both nos- +trils. The causes are diseased teeth, protracted catarrh, causing chronic +inflammation of the lining membrane of the nose, polypi, or inflammation +of the sinuses of the nose, due to the presence of foreign matter in that +organ. Where the disease is due to decayed teeth, the latter should be +extracted; or to polypi, these should be removed. The nostrils should be +syringed night and morning with a saturated solution of boracic acid; or +the tincture of hydrastis is often useful — 1 part of tincture to equal parts +of water. Exercise and fresh air are very necessary to recovery. + +Poisoning. — A dastardly act is to poison a dog, and no punishment is +too severe to inflict on the cowardly cur who does it. If I could have my +way about it, the cur that poisons a dog would hang by the neck till he +was dead, a proper punishment, properly fitting the crime. If you are so +unfortunate as to have your dog poisoned, keep your eye open on your +neighbors — who perhaps are unfortunately such degenerates that they +do not like dogs. Bide your time, but never give up trying to land the +cur who poisoned your dog, and then, if you can not have positive proof +enough to punish him or her legally, try some other plan quietly, and +never give up until you have in some way punished the one who killed +your dog. + +I am devoting considerable space to this subjett, as it is important, +and advise that you study this article well, so that if you are so unfortunate +as to ever have a dog poisoned, you may know what to do promptly, and +perhaps save your dog. + +It may be of service to some readers io briefly refer to a few of the commoner and more popularly known poisons from which are dogs are +most likely to suffer; and I think the following will cover the majority +of cases: Arsenic, cantharides, carbolic acid, corrosive sublimate, phosphor- +ous and strychnine. + +As. a general rule for distinguishing between the evidence of poisoning +and the symptoms of disease, the suddenness of the attack must weigh +largely; while by tracing where the dog has been, and what he has or is +likely to have picked up, a pretty accurate conclusion may be arrived at. + +The first step to be taken in most cases is to freely empty the stomach +by means of emetics such as tartar emetic, sulphate of zinc, ipecacuanha +wine, one of the most useful and least dangerous to use. The dose is from +3 drams to 8 drams in a little warm water. If none of these are at hand, +by drenching with lukewarm water, and afterwards giving the antidotes +indicated if procurable. + +If the dog suffer much pain, a dose of opium or laudanum every three +or four hours. Where gieat depression and weakness follow, stimulants, +as ether, wine, or brandy, should be given in small quantities at frequent +intervals. + +Arsenic is used to poison rats, mice and other vermin; in this way it is +frequently met with in and about country houses. + +Symptoms: Great heat and evident pain in the stomach and bowels, +sometimes accompanied with swelling — the belly being very tender to the +touch — great thirst, frequent vomiting and retching, more or less discharge +of a frothy saliva, and frequent evacuations of fluid, dark colored matter, +often marked with blood. The animal soon loses muscular power to a great +extent, showing an indisposition to move; the tongue, lips, etc., are red and +swollen, and the breathing is more and more labored and painful. + +Antidotes: Ferrugo or hydrated sesquioxide of iron, 12 parts of which +combine with 1 part of arsenic, froming an insoluble compound; also light +magnesia, which will remove l-25th its weight of arsenic from its solution +in water. + +Cantharides (Spanish Fly). — This is given by ignorant men for pur- +poses which are defeated; but, being an acrid, irritant poison, it produces +serious results, frequently causing inflammation of the urinary organs. + +Symptoms: Violent thirst, copious discharge of bloody mucous from +the stomach, mixed with which may be seen the shiny green particles of +the "flies;" there are great pains in the loins and bowels, swelling and +inflammation of the genital organs, and bloody stools and urine. + +Antidotes: An emetic should at once be resorted to, the dog should +afterwards be drenched with demulcents, and a dose of opium given every +three or four hours. + +Carbolic Acid — This produces baneful effects, even by absorption +through the pores of the skin, when too freely used. It causes great pros- +tration, with trembling of the whole frame. + +Symptoms: Extraordinary depression of the vital powers, general +shivering and almost constant trembling of the limbs, and a palsied motion +of the head. Bleeding at the nose is a frequent symptom, and the dis- + + + + +charges from the bowels are also often stained with blood; the counte- +nance of the sufferer is expressive of a most helpless and painful state. + +Antidoes: The proper treatment consists in placing the dog in a warm +bath, using friction the while, and administering such stimulants as am- +monia, ether, brandy, etc., in water or gruel. + +Corrosive Sublimate is used for a variety of purposes about farms, al- +though for most of these it must be admitted a non-poisonous article would +answer as well or better. Corrosive sublimate, phosphorous and strych- +nine each enters into the composition of paste and powders largely sold for +the destruction of vermin, and it is when so used, being placed on bread +and butter, bits of meat, etc., that they are most likely to be picked up by +the dog. + +Symptoms: Violent vomiting and purging of stringy and offensive +matter, the belly is distended and painful to the touch; the urine suppress- +ed, cramp and twitches are noticeable in the limbs, and frequently paraly- +sis ensues. + +Antidotes: Tartar emetic as an emetic; white of egg, followed imme- +diately by infusion of galls; milk or gluten of wheat. Of the chemical anti- +dotes, the albumen of eggs is by far the best; the white of one egg is +sufficient to neutralize or render insoluble 4 gr. of solid bichloride of mer- +cury. + +Phosphorous. — Antidoes: Calcined magnesia, with diluents and de- +mulcents given in quantity. + +Strichnine. — Symptoms: Acute pain, causing the dog to utter sharp +cries; frequent twitchings and jerkings of the head and limbs, the fore and +hind legs are drawn towards each other, the back is arched; the fits of +cramp and twitching are intermittent, but are readily brought on by a +touch or a sudden noise. Foaming at the mouth is another and frequent +symptom. + +Antidotes: Give an emetic at once, mustard and hot water, coffee, salt +and hot water; give lard, or any fat, in considerable quantities. + +"The following has saved many valuable dogs poisoned by strychnine +and will save any dog if breath is Left in body. As soon as the owner is +convinced that the dog has strychnine, or dog button (nux vomica), symp- +toms of which are readily detected by spasms and rigid spine, give fifteen +drops of homeopathy tincture of belladonia (green root). Give same dose +after each spasm. If dog is too far gone to swallow, inject thirty drops in +rectum. The second dose can be given by mouth. It is seldom the third +dose is necessary." This I copied from letter sent to the American Field +by some sportsman who had been out hunting with his pointer. He fur- +ther wrote: "When I reached him he had had some twelve spasms and was +rigid, tongue cold, eyes turned, etc. Three doses brought the dog out and +some thirty quail were killed over him the next day." + +Here are also other antidotes that are used in cases of poisoning: + +Strychnine is most commonly used to poison dogs, and if noticed when +taken sick, or even after violent convulsions have set in, they can almost + + + + +Invariably be saved by injecting under the skin, with hypodermic syringe, +LO grain doses of chloral (dissolved in water) every 15 or 20 minutes until +50 or 60 grains are used. + +If convulsions quiet down and dog seems better, it might be safe to stop +when 30 or 40 grains have been given. + +It will pay any one owning a number of dogs to keep a hypodermic +syringe. + +Dent says: The best antidote for strychnine poisoning is chloral hy- +drate, size of dose depends upon the condition of the dog; in health the +done is 5 to 20 grains. + +Dog poisoning is so prevalent in many parts of the country just now, +it may not be out of place to reproduce part of Mr. A. J. Sewell's (the +noted English veterinarian) article on this subject in the Kennel Gazette +(Eng.), so that dog owners may be prepared for such emergencies: + +"In all cases of poisoning, more especially when due to strychnia, +prompt action is required and means should be at once taken to make the +dog disgorge what has been swallowed. An emetic that will act well and +quickly must be at once administered; for this there is nothing better than +a dose of apomorphia. This medicine acts in two ways; it is the quickest +and surest emetic, and besides it relieves the spasms. The dose is the +eighth of a grain for small dogs, and about the quarter of a grain for +the large ones, given in a teaspoonful of water; but the best way of admin- +istering it is by injecting it under the skin with a hypodermic syringe — +than from three to eight minims of the one in fifty s'olutions is to be given. + +"I always advise persons who keep a number of valuable dogs to have +a solution of apomorphia by them ready for emergency, for while it is being +obtained the patient may die, and if huntsmen would always carry a small +bottle of solution with them, many a valuable hound's life might be saved. +When this medicine is not at hand some other emetic must be given. Ordi- +nary table salt can be always quickly procured, and from one teaspoonful to +a tablespoonful, according to the size of the dog, should be given in warm +water. If the dose does not act freely, repeat it in a few minutes, or, instead, +give from five to twenty grains of powdered ipecacuanha, or from one to +three grains of tar emetic. Either of these may be shaken dry on the +tongue; the dog must be made to vomit somehow, but anything like salt +requiring a quantity of water is often difficult to administer, as the dog's +mouth is often tightly clenched and trying to open it induces a paroxysm, +during which time it is impossible to give anything by the mouth, and here +the advantage of the subcutaneous injection of apomorphia comes in. This +may also be repeated in a quarter of an hour if the vomiting has not been +free. Besides the emetic some medicine is necessary to relieve the spasm. +Fro this there is nothing better than chloral and bromide of potassium. +From fifteen grains to two scruples of each may be given in from one to +three tablespoonfuls of water if the dog can be made to swallow, and half +the quantity of each may be given again in twenty or thirty minutes and +repeated, if necessary, in half an hour. When the dog is unable to swal- +low, from three to ten minims of nitrite of amyl held to the nose on a +pocket handkerchief is useful. This may be repeated In a quarter of an +hour, or chloroform may be given. Also inject into the rectum from one- +half to two drams of laudanum, in from on to four tablespoonfuls of water, + + + + +which repeat in a quarter of an hour, and again in another fifteen ininuteS +if the paroxysms continue. After, the severe symptoms have passed and +the dog is weak and prostrate, from one-half to two teaspoonfuls of brandy +added to some milk may be administered and repeated every hour for a + +time.)' + +Ground Glass. — The symptoms are bloody passages, great pain and +distress, and vomiting of blood. There is no cure for this, and it is merciful +to destroy the poor animal at once, ending his suffering by chloroforming. + +I now conclude this article by giving one that was published in the +American Stock-Keeper: + +"Phosphorous is a dangerous poison, and will be got from rat-paste +which is left lying about, spread on bread and butter. For this give an +emetic, followed by a draught of Magnesia and water. Afterwards milk +and other demulcents, with a few drops of laudanum to allay pain. Mer- +cury may be taken in several forms — either as Calomel, 'White Precipi- +tate,' or 'Corrosive Sublimate' — all of which are accessible to dogs at var- +ious times. Give large draughts of white of egg beaten up with water; an +emetic first. Then diet on milk and broth. If violent purging, give a little +laudanum. Sulphate of copper is in common use about farms, and so is +dangerous to dogs, who may pick up and devour dead birds in a corn field +in which the seed has been dressed with this poison. Its antidotes are +demulcents (after the usual emetic), such as white of egg and milk, and a +little laudanum later. It "will be seen from the forecoming that the treat- +ment for all mineral poisons is very similar all round. + +"Now, as to vegetable poisons, or, to be more precise, organic poisons +(minerals being inorganic). The chief of these, as far as they affect dogs +and their owners, are Aconite, Belladonna, Digitalis ('Fox-glove'), Opium +Strychnine and their various compounds or derivatives. First, then, +Aconite, which is often given as a medicine, and of which it is easy +to give an overdose. Give an emetic, and then proceed with stimulants — - +brandy, etc. Keep warm, and try artificial respiration if need be. For Bel- +ladonna similar treatment. Good hot drinks of stimulants. Foxglove +(Digitalis)- — often prescribed for heart affections in dogs, as well as in men +- — for this, after an emetic, give warm tea, followed by stimulants. Opium, +the active principle of which is morphia, needs a good emetic, followed by +a draught of brandy and water; every effort must be made to subdue drow- +siness by brisk exercise until the effect has worn off. Lastly, Strychnine — - +deadliest of poisons — a component of all vermin killers — easily recognized +by its effect on the muscles. Give an emetic, followed by doses of Potas- +sium Bromide every twenty minutes, and later a dose of Castor Oil. Strych- +nine is, as we have stated earlier, the most active principle of Nux Vomica." + +Here is also, some good advice on strychnine poisoning that I found +some place, and worth including: + +"Strychnine poisoning, unfortunately, is so rapidly fatal that the dog +is usually found dead or dying. If there has been immediate vomiting or +only a small dose swallowed, the chances of recovery are good when the +proper means are available. If vomiting has not occurred, produce it by +giving a warm solution of common salt (a tablespoonful to the pint) in large + + + + +doses until the stomach is well emptied. After this the most important +object is to produce stupor, and morphine, hypodermically administered, as +well as being a good emetic, is a safe narcotic in the dog. In dogs over +six months old one-fourth grain can be given safely for every ten pounds of +live weight. This should be followed by chloroform inhalation adminis- +tered lightly and kept up until the convulsions become less pronounced. +Chloral hydrate is probably the best antidote in cases where it cannot be +given by the mouth owing to spasm of the cheek muscles. It should be +given in from ten to thirty grain doses, dissolved in an ounce of warm +water, injected gently in the rectum. The dose can be repeated if con- +sidered necessary every hour. The animal suould be kept as quiet as pos- +sible, harsh sounds, bright lights or unnecessary handling tending to increase +the severity of the convulsions." + +Parasites, External — The number and variety of parasites that make +one part or another of the dog their habitat is very great. These are di- +vided into external and internal; in the former two distinct mites, produc- +ing two very distinct forms of the mange, have already been referred to, +and the internal parasites are treated under Worms. + +There is no dog owner of much experience who is not aware that great +care and cleanliness are needed to prevent the introduction of these un- +welcome visitors, or who has not had to pay smartly for their extermina- +tion, if his kennels have been neglected. The parasites to which I par- +ticularly wish to direct attention are three in number — the louse, the flea +and the tick — which now follow in order named as to treating. + +Dog Louse. — These resemble that of a man, only larger in size, and can +not live on a human being. It causes great irritation, the dog scratching +and worrying himself constantly. They live on all, or any part of the +body, but most abundant about the head and face, the eyes, roots of ears, +and along the top of the back. By closely examining the dog's skin, red +streaks and dots of blood will be seen where the louse has been feeding. + +One species is described in Prof. Neumann's "Parasites," translated +by Prof. Fleming: + +"The head is short and almost as wide as long; it is salient in the +thorax to which it is exactly applied; the third and fourth articles of the +antennae are alike. The abdomen is very developed in the female, and is +a long oval in shape; it has nine rounded segments, which are often salient +at the sides; stigmates distinct and marginal; the first seven segments +have two rows of short bristles. The general tint is yellowish-white, the +head and thorax being a little darker. T^he female is 2mm. long, and the +male l-15mm." This louse is oftener found about the throat and back of +the ears, but extends to all parts of the body. + +The other louse of the dog is Trichodectes latus, of which this is +Neumann's description: "The head is sub-quadrangular and much wider +than it is long, being truncated in front; the antennas are hairy and dif- +ferent in the two sexes, the first article in the male being much thicker, +and occupying a moiety of the length of the organ. The abdomen is broad, +and more rounded in the female, with lateral, but no median spots. The + + +122 1)ISEASES + +color is bright yellow, spots darker; the bands on the head are blackish- +brown. Length of the female is l-5mm., of the male 14mm." + +My dog soap will destroy lice if thoroughly and well rubbed in, allowed +to remain on dog for half an hour, when you can rinse off and dry the +dog. If in winter, ^cold or damp weather, you must of course be careful +and not expose dog to danger of catching cold. It is the only preparation +in the way of a dog soap that will kill lice, containing one ingredient which +is a secret, that enables it to do such good work in exterminating the pests +that dogs are liable to have, and yet perfectly harmless to the dog, even +if he should lick it, being non-poisonous as well as being excellent for +the coat and a great hair grower. I may here add that it is just as good +in every way for use on the owner's head as it is for his dog. In using +my soap to rid a dog of lice, give dog a most thorough shampooing with +your hands, not missing a spot on his body from tip of nose to end of +tail. Rub as close up to and around the eye as you can without getting +it into the eye, but no particular harm could come if the lather get in the +eye. Repeat this application the same way twenty-four hours later, this +to kill the youngsters that breed every twenty-four hours. + +After the application has been on dog for an hour, you can then +rinse in lukewarm water and dry thoroughly with a rough towel. The +same care as to dog being exposed to cold air or draughts must be exer- +cised as in an ordinary bath. My soap can well be termed a wonderful +discovery, and it is without doubt by far the best dog soap ever made. + +Here is another treatment to givo: + +"Lice, the presence of which gives rise to the affection sometimes +termed phthiriasis, are of common distribution, as parasites throughout +the animal kingdom. Two varieties affect the dog, namely, the Hcemato- +pinus Piliferus, and the Trichodectes Latus.' The first of these, as a rule, +Is chiefly found about the head, ears, etc., but may wander over any part +of the body; the second is found over various other parts of the body, +and appears to play an important part in the life history of the tapeworm, +the eggs of which it may eat, and so act as an 'intermediary bearer' of +the internal parasite, which finds its way into the alimentary canal through +the accidental swallowing by the dog, of the external parasite. + +"Both species of parasite are destitute of wings, yellowish grey or +yellow in color, and have their mouths specially adapted for sucking. +Pediculi always cause more or less itching, consequently a tendency to +■cratch. This is not all, but in many cases they lead to the formation of +scabs. + +"The female is larger than the male, and deposits her eggs, or nits, +upon the hairs, attaching each one thereto by a tough transparent sheath. +The female lays about 50 eggs, wEtich are hatched in two days. + +Treatment. — It is not usually a very difficult matter to get rid of lice. +Thorough cleanliness is essential, with disinfection and destruction of all +material with which the animal has been in contact. Sucking pups are +frequently affected, in which case the treatment must be directed to both +parent and offspring. After cleansing of the kennel, destruction of the +bedding material, etc., the former should be washed with soft soap and +warm wat«r, afterwards dressed with the following solution: Stavesacre +seads 1 ounce, water 1 quart. The seed must be boiled for about an hour + + + + +in Water, and then adding sufficienl water to bring if up to a quart again. +With this the dog should be thoroughly dressed from head to tail, taking +care not to leave one hair untouched. It is certain death to both parasite +and eggs. After 24 hours it may be washed off, and, if necessary, applied +again. The suckling pups must be combed before being given back to their +mother. This must be repeated daily, until they are perfectly free from +vermin. They may also be dressed with the same solution, but it should +be diluted, five ounces of camphor being added to five ounces of camphor +water. Of course washing is here inadmissable. Another remedy, which +is equally effectual, is a weak solution of lime and sulphur lotion, whilst +for animals of a more mature age, it may be used of the ordinary strength." + +The following will also destroy lice: + +Flour of sulphur 1 pound + +Unslacked lime y2 pound + +Water 1 gallon + +Slake the lime in the water, stir in the sulphur, adding water gradually +until it is of a creamy consistence, then add the remainder of the gallon +and boil down to half a gallon; let it stand till cool, pour off the clear +liquid, and make the quantity to two and a half quarts with cold water. +If the coat and skin is thoroughly saturated with this, and left on for ten +minutes, the vermin will all be dead, when the dog should then be well +washed, using warm water, and thoroughly combed and dried. This may +be too strong a solution for delicate toy dogs with tender skins, and can +be reduced in strength by adding equal parts of water to one of the lotion. +If any doubt exists as to this, first try the weaker solution. + +Another and a harmless and non-poisonous remedy for lice is Eber- +hart's Skin Cure, which will do the work if wrell rubbed in, never missing +a spot on the dog, allowed to remain in for half an hour, and applied again +twenty-four hours later. + +These dressings should be repeated in eight days, in order to destroy +the young lice from the "nits" or eggs, laid before the previous dressing. + +Here, I give also, a very good article on Lice, which I found some- +where, and it is worth including: + +"Lice cause great irritation and will eventually, if means are not taken +to rid the dog of the living burden, take the blood out of the dog and even- +tually cause death. Of course that is extreme, but a bunch of such para- +sites if not heroically handled will soon get ahead of the operator and +then there is nothing to do but shave the animal and give it a strong +soaking in some mixture that will kill the 'nits.' Mercurial ointment is +a sure knocker, but it is not advisable for the novice to use unless in- +structed in its application and the precaution to be taken that the dog +does not lick the ointment afterwards and thus become more or less +poisoned. This is obviated by muzzling until the ointment wears off, or +is washed off. + +The best thing we have found is an emulsion made of one-third very +hot milk mixed with two-thirds kerosene oil. We generally mix it in a +kandy bottle with a shake stopper and opening the coat drop in the emul- + + + + +sion which of course must be well shaken while being applied. The milk +counteracts any blistering of the skin that might arise from the application +of the oil alone. This kills everything living and saturates the eggs which +are the source of course of future trouble, and the reason some people +find it impossible to get rid of lice while the dog lives. This treatment +is not only death to lice, but life to the coat, bringing it out in glossy +profusion. The milk must be very hot, but not boiling or it will curdle +in the oil. When the emulsion has dried in, it is well to wash the dog, +though this is not absolutely necessary unless the odor of kerosene is +offensive. + +However many cures one may make the best one is prevention and +the measures to be adopted will occur to any intelligent dog owner. At the +same time if it is a case of the home dog as above, it is very difficult to +handle and unless periodic treatment is given the dog the trouble will get +ahead before you are aware. In the kennels one may adopt heroic +measures in the way of burning partitions and the like nests, but in a +kitchen, however clean, it may be kept, there are little nooks and cracks +that cannot be so strenuously treated, for the dog may lie around in many +places. Applications of strong disinfectants like 'Standard Disinfectant' is +very good for this purpose." — See their ad. in this book. + +Naturally dogs that are kept in clean auar*Qrs and groomed every +day do not have lice unless, as we hinted above, they touch some dog that +has lice or come in contact with some place where lice dogs frequent. This +may seem superfluous advice to the wise owner of dogs, but it is just this +ignorance on the part of novice owners of dogs that breeds lice and kin- +dred parasites, that start skin troubles and all sorts of derangements sauced +by continual scratching and the nervous condition in which a dog infested +with lice soon finds itself. The emulsion spoken of above may be used +with safety on any dog. Should a pet dog start any such trouble, rubbing +with alcohol will usually put a quietus on the vermin. + +The writer has just tried, for the first time, "Standard Disinfectant," +on an Irish setter that came back from a show with lice he got there, and +in two thorough applications, using a stiff brush to apply it, I cleared +this dog of the lice. I put three ounces "Standard Disinfectant" in a pail, +then added a gallon of water to it, and then used a sponge for his head — ■ +then use a stiff brush for rest of his body, legs and tail, applying it liberally. +In ten minutes after I thoroughly dried him with rough towels. Only two +applications were necessary in his case, as I did not miss a spot on him, +but sometimes it might be necessary for more applications, if you had +missed a few lice. + +A special article from Field and Fancy: + +Pleurisy — Covering the lungs and reflected over the walls of the chest +is a very fine, smooth, delicate, glistening membrane known as the pleura. +This membrane is moistened by a fluid that, in connection with the smooth, +polished surface of the membrane, permits of the easy, frictionless move- +ments of the lungs during breathing. Sometimes as a result of wounds, +bruises or injuries, more commonly as the result of colds and occasionally +for no appreciable cause, this membrane becomes inflamed, and we have a + + + +most painful disease known as pleurisy. In this disease the lubricating +fluid previously mentioned disappears. The glistening surface of the mem- +brane becomes swollen and roughened, so that in breathing the part of the +membrane covering the lungs and the part reflected over the walls of the +chest rub together and make breathing a most painful process. This stage +lasts about twenty-four hours, and then the lubricating fluid that disappears +at the first sign of the disease begins to reappear in increased quantities +and there is a general effusion into the chest cavity on the affected side. +In some cases this effusion is so great as to almost or completely fill the +space formerly occupied by the lungs, and they are compressed into a small +mass and rendered entirely useless. In acute attacks of this disease that +terminate in recovery there is, in a few days, a reabsorption of this fluid, +and the pleura regains its normal condition. If the reabsorption of the +fluid in the cavity is slow or delayed and extends over a period of two or +three weeks the patient is left with what is known as chronic pleurisy. + +Symptoms: In some cases there is a soreness of the chest for two +or three days to which no attention has been paid; in other cases there is +a severe chill, accompanied by shivering and intense pain in breathing, so +that the animal does not completely fill the lungs, but takes short, quick, +catchy breaths. There is a cough and all the symptoms of fever, such as +restlessness, increased thirst, loss of appetite, watery eyes; anxious, wor- +ried expression; hot, dry nose and coated tongue. The veins of the eyeball +and lips darken in color. The animal lies on the affected side so as to allow +the opposite lung more opportunity to expand. + +An examination of the chest will show a restrained movement of the +lungs. The characteristic sounds- in the first stage, are a dry, grating, rasp- +ing sound caused by the inflamed and roughened surfaces of the pleurae +rubbing against each other. After effusion of the liquid has taken place, +we have the second stage of the disease. This is easily determined by per- +cussion. Press two or three fingers of one hand flat and firmly against +the chest wall and strike them with one or two fingers of the other hand. +The blows should be quick, short and light. Strike only once on each +spot, and move the hand quickly from one spot to another until the entire +chest has been covered. If this be done to both the well and affected side, +a rapid comparison can be made of the difference in sound. If the sound +given forth is dead, flat and woodeny, it denotes an absence of air in that +part of the chest and indicates that the chest cavity is filled with fluid +and the lung compressed into a solid mass. On auscultation the respiratory +sound is entirely suppressed or only faintly heard. An examination of the +chest of normal dogs both by auscultation and percussion will familiarize +the owner with the natural sounds so that he will have no difficulty in +recognizing the departures and variations in disease. + +The pulse in pleurisy is quite diagnostic of the disease, being quick, +hard, wiry and much faster than normal. The temperature varies from +101 to 103. + +Prognosis: Pleurisy, although a painful disease, is simple as com- +pared to pneumonia or bronchitis. As a rule only one side is affected, and +in the absence of pus, the disease generally terminates favorably. + +Treatment: In diseases of the chest as in all other diseases, diet and +hygienic surroundings are of the utmost importance. The object in the + + + + +first state is to relieve the pain and suffering and if possible, to check the +progress of the disease. This is best accomplished by giving a dose of +Dover's powder, varying in size from five to thirty grains, depending upon +the size of the dog. This will relieve the pain, quiet the patient and thus +limit the constitutional disturbance. The chest jacket, described in the +treatment of pneumonia, should then be applied, as it is a great protec- +tion. + +If a dose or two of Dover's powder early in the disease, does not check +its course, the following prescription may be used: + +Morphine Sulphates ■ two grains + +Tr. Aconite Rad twenty drops + +Aquae three oz. + +Ft. Mist Sig. + +Dose is one teaspoonful, every four hours, until the animal is quiet +and inclined to sleep. + +If the fluid within the chest cavity docs not disappear within a week, +there is danger of its becoming purulent. A veterinary surgeon or physi- +cian should be called in to tap the chest, low down and far back and draw +part of the fluid with an asperating needle or a trochar and canula. + +If the bowels do not move freely, they can be opened and kept so by +the syrup of buckthorn in tablespoc-nful doses, repeated as often as may +be necessary. If the animal is very weak, or the general strength seems +to be impaired by the use of these laxatives, they should be dispensed with. + +Keep up the animal's strength by feeding raw, lean beef, chopped fine, +raw eggs, milk punch, mutton broths and anything he will eat of a nour- +ishing nature. After the fever abates and the crisis has passed, the emul- +sion of cod liver oil in tablespoon ful doses should be given three or four +times a day. A good tonic pill is prepared as follows: / + +Sulphate of Quinine 12 grains + +Sulphate of Iron 12 grains + +Extract of Gentian 12 grains + +Powdered Ginger 12 grains + +Diastase 3 grains + +Pepsin 2 4 grains + +Make into twelve pills and give one night and morning. + +Pneumonia — See Lungs, Inflammation of. An inflammation of the +substance of the lungs is generally the result of exposure to cold and damp. +The first stage of the disease is announced with shiverings, followed by +fever. Sometimes, in the worst cases, it is accompanied by pleurisy, which +is inflammation of what is called the lung-case, and, in such instances, it +usually proves fatal. In fact, whether the pneumonia is or is hot accom- +panied by pleurisy there is always some risk of a fatal termination. + +Pneumonia admits of no delay in management, but must be treated +al once i> v giving a solution of acetate of ammonia to reduce the fever-— + + +GERMAN SHEPHERD DOGS + + +ELHVIEW KENNELS + +ELMHURST, PA. + += THE HOME OF THE CHAMPIONS = + + +1NTERNATIONAL CHAMPION APPOLLO VON HUNENSTEIN P.H. + + +We can supply dogs of all ages for show, pets or work. +The greatest selection of stud dogs in this country. + +AT STl 1>. + +International Champion Apollo von Hunenstein, Champion Austria. +1913, Belgium 1913, French 1914. + +Champion of record in America FEE $50.00 + +Champion Nero Affolter FEE $50.00 + +For further information write + +512 SCRANTON LIFE BLDG., SCRANTON, PA. + + + + +castor oil having first been given in a liberal dose. The dose of the so- +lution of acetate of ammonia for a matured dog (one over a year old) +would be for a fox terrier or an English setter, a teaspoonful every three +or four hours until fever is subdued. Larger dogs like a St. Bernard, +greyhound or a Great Dane, a teaspoon and a half could be given. If +the malady is not checked at this stage, it quickly passes on into a second +stage, when hepatization takes place. The cough now is frequent and +accompanied by expectoration, and respiration is performed with great +effort and pain, and the general expression is haggard and pitiful in the +extreme. ' "When it has reached this stage a warm poultice of linseed +meal should be placed in the region of the lungs, and be renewed several +times, care being taken that after the first poultice a piece of flannel is +bound over the spot, lest the patient should take a fresh chill. + +After the fever has subsided, tonic treatment will be necessary, and +for this there is nothing better than quinine, the dose of which would be +about two grains every three hours for setters and pointers, and more in +proportion for larger dogs. For toy or smaller dogs one grain is enough. +Solid food must be entirely withheld until the patient has quite recovered; +he must be dieted on such things as beef tea, milk, broth, etc. Finally, the +cure will have to be made complete by a course of some good tonic pill, +in which iron is one of the ingredients. Clayton's, or Sergeant's, or Dent's +Condition Pills are good to use now. I can furnish either by return mail +if you cannot find them in your own town. + +Peritonitis. — See Bowels, Inflammation of. + +Penis, Discharge from (Balanitis).— A great many dogs suffer from an +inflammation and excited state of the organs of generation, having frequent +partial erections, with a discharge of a thick yellowish matter, very loath- +some if in a house dog. Treatment consists in bathing the parts frequently +with cold water, giving quite a strong dose of ordinary black draught and +the following medicine: + +Bicarbonate of soda 2 drams + +Bicarbonate of potash 2 drams + +Tincture of henbane 3 drams + +Mindererous spirit 1 y2 ounce + +Water to make 6 ounces + +Dose for a toy dog up to 20 lbs. a teaspoonful four or five times a day. +Larger dogs a tablespoonful. The prepuce should also be syringed +with weak Condy's Fluid or a lotion of boracic acid, one scruple +to six ounces of water. Give the dog barley water to drink and +very little meat. Milk and broth with chopped green vegetables +(cooked) would be most suitable in such cases. + +Paralysis — Paralysis is due to pressure or injury of brain or to spinal +cord. If one side of the brain is affected, the opposite side of the body +will be paralyzed; but if the whole of the brain is implicated, the paralysis + + + + +will be general. When it arises from injury to the spine, it is the parts +behind that power , that are affected. Paralysis often follows distemper; +the hindquarters suffer; in severe cases the dog losing the use of his hind +legs, dragging them along. In such a case the muscles of the thigh will +soon shrivel, and a cure is very rare. Chronic constipation also produces +paralysis, and may come, as the result of general debility and old age. +Believers in dumb rabies say that paralysis of the lower jaw renders the +animal incapable of biting. Most everyone is familiar with the appearance +of paralysis, the loss of muscular power and constant wasting away of the +muscles in the part affected. Paralysis may be general, but is in most +cases confined to one set of muscles, ranging from a slight tottering gait to +complete loss of power and inability to walk. Loss of power and wasting +of the hindquarter may also be caused by tapeworm. So long as the dog +can use his limbs he should be given regular gentle exercise. The food +must be nourishing and rather laxative. Oatmeal porridge mixed with a +strong beef or mutton broth, every other day, will generally have a gentle +action on the bowels, with a meal once a week of boiled liver, which will +have a laxative effect. + +If the disease is connected with debility the strength must be gotten +up by extra food, giving more than usual of cooked meat, in small quan- +tities but fed oftener than usual. The medicines in paralysis are tonics, and +strychnine — the active principle of nux vomica — which has a special power +over the muscles and nerves. One to three grains of powdered nux vomica, +according to size and age of the dog, or from one-twentieth to of?e-six- +teenth of a grain of strychnine, with two to six grains of extract of gen- +tian, and one or two grains of quinine made into a pill. Great care must +be used in compounding the pills, containing as they do such a powerful +drug as strychnine. Give a pill twice a day. In mild cases of paralysis, +syrup of the phosphates, with strychnia (called Easten's syrup), is often +of great service. In lieu of the latter tonics, a handier thing to do is to +use Sergeant's Condition Pills, which contain strychnine and other good +tonic properties. In paralysis of the hind legs the bladder generally par- +ticipates, the dog being unable to stand, and cannot pass the urine freely. +Use the catheter in such cases night and morning, or the dog held up and +pressure applied to each side in the region of the bladder to expel its con- +tents. As a preventive of bed sores and congestion of one lung turn the +dog over occasionally. + +Here is a case that was prescribed for by Dent: + +"Please prescribe for my English setter dog, eight months old. Last +November I hunted him through the month, in December he lost the use +of his hindlegs, and in January seemed to lose the use" of all four legs; +appetite was good at all times, eyes were bright, nose cold, seemed in +perfect health except in his legs. I doctored him a while for rheumatism +but stopped about four weeks ago, and about one week ago he seemed +to get a little better. Can now use his front legs, can manage to sit up +and draw himself around with a half limp, the back legs being useless now. +Will he get well and is it rheumatism or is he paralyzed? Ans. — Give a +teaspoonful of the syrup of hypophosphites three times a day, also give +one-half grain of nux vomica twice a day. It is paralysis." + + + + +The following ia a case of Partial Paralysis, or congestion of the spina* +cord, prescribed for by Dent. You might have a similar case, so I give it: + +"My pointer dog, three years old, weight forty-rive puunds, was taken +sick last November in the field, let down in the back, has since grown worse, +will now lie around and at times cry from pain; he will crawl around on +his front feet and drag his hindquarters when first taken out of the +kennel, then will gradually get up on his hind feet and down on his fore- +feet, walking behind and crawling in front, and in a few moments will +get up on all four feet, but walks very stiffly and only remains up for a +short time until he goes down. Please name disease and treatment. Ans. +— Give your dog one-half grain of nux vomica, five drops of Fowler's Solu- +tion of Arsenic and a tablespoonful of Fellows' Syrup of the Hypophos- +phites of Soda three times a day. The disease is a partial congestion of +the spinal cord." + +Paralysis in Bitches Before Parturition. — The following case is, I am +glad to say, not common. Mr. Caswell, of England, furnishes this exper- +ience, and I insert it as he gives it, as it may be beneficial in similar cases, +should they occur. It is probable that the extreme hot weather con- +tributed to the development of the disease. The treatment was about the +best, and all that could have been done: + +"Within the past month I have had three beagle bitches taken sick +shortly* before whelping, all exhibiting the same symptoms, viz., paralysis +of the hindquarters and great labor in" breathing; for this I gave stimu- +lants (whisky) and rubbed the loins with mustard, also continued massage +of the belly and loins. In the first case labor pains came on and the bitch +had one pup, after which paralysis set in again and the remaining two +pups were removed with the forceps with great trouble. The bitch died. +Postmortem appearances showed that septicemia had set in. In the second +case, after exactly similar symptoms, massage was again tried, and even +though the bitch seemed very far gone, she revived. The best obtainable +veterinary surgeon was in attandance, and decided to wait awhile before +performing a Caesarian operation. Stimulants revived the bitch once more +and she had five healthy pups, and is nursing them now very well. The +third case started with paralysis and the bitch revived two or three times +under treatment as before, then died without pupping. Postmortem re- +vealed three pups, all placed rather far forward. This bitch was not +within two weeks of whelping time. She showed normal appearance, was +in excellent condition, had been kept in a large run and given exercise +daily, as were the others. + +"This is the first time I have seen this paralysis in ten years of +breeding. The last two bitches had reared litters all right before. Can you +tell me the cause, as the veterinarians about me seem unable to do so? Also +if the extremely hot weather has had anytihng to do with it." + +Piles. — This occurs -more frequently in house dogs or those confined +too closely to their kennel, being an enlarged condition of the hemorrhoidal +veini at the lower part of the rectum, presenting an enlarged, swollen and +Under appearance, which gives pain when touched, ©r when the dog drags + + +DISHASaS 131 + +himself along the ground. Piles are internal and external, .as they exist +within or without the muscle that contacts the orifice of the anus. The +disease is readily ascertained as the condition of the parts are naturally +small, firm and contracted. Piles are produced by over-feeding with too +much stimulating food, want of sufficient and healthful exercise, produc- +ing diseases of the liver, constipation of the bowels, consequent straining and +undue distension of the parts in the act of fecation. The diet in a cure +of piles should be laxatives, very little meat, but a portion of boiled liver +may be allowed with broth or in soups, oatmeal well boiled and vegetables. +As a mild aperient a little milk of sulphur shoud be given in milk or with +the food. Dose would be a heaped up teaspoonful for a dog of 20 lbs., +larger and smaller in proportion. Here are some ointments, either of which +can be used: + +Ointments for Piles. — Mild mersurial ointment, 7 parts, finely powder- +ed camphor, 1 part, well mixed; or the compound gall ointment of the +Pharmacopoeia may be used. Hazeline is also very beneficial. + +In bleeding piles the following injection may be used: Tincture of kra- +meria, 2 drams, water to 6 ounces. Two ounces should be injected twice +a day; while in all cases of Piles Va dram to 2 drams of tincture of +krameria in water, twice a day, will be useful. + +In some cases of piles a tumor forms near the orific of the rectum; it is +at first red, but afterward becomes purple, and finally discharges a thick +fetid matter with blood. It forms a ragged sore, difficult to heal from +movements of the dog in the natural act, and from dragging himself along +the ground. Similar treatment to that already advised should be given, +using the ointment and washing with the following lotion alternately. + +Wash for Tumor j — Goulard's water, % pint; laudanum, % ounce; +tincture of arnica, % ounce; mixed. + +Periostitis (Inflammation of the Periostem, the Membrane Covering of +the Bone, is not often met with in the dog, usually arising from direct in- +pries. It is a most painful disease, the membrane becomes greatly inflam- +ed and swollen, separated from the bone, while frequently deposits of bone +the result, which cause lumps that are unsightly. The symptoms are heat +and swelling of the skin over the affected parts, great pain upon manipu- +lation, feverishness and lameness when it occurs in a limb. Quiet is very +essential. Apply hot flannels to the part, or in severe cases, hot linseed +poultices will be better. If lumps remain after the swelling has left the +part, then paint these with tincture of iodine, discontinuing this when the +skin becomes sore. I prefer to apply Iodin Vasigin, full strength, as it does +not make the skin sore, and can be rubbed in with the hand, twice daily. + +Parturient Apoplexy. — See Milk Fever. + +Pleurisy — See Inflammation of Lungs. + +Pharyngitis (Inflammation of the Pharynx) — This disease frequently +affeats dogs. True pharyngitis is usually due to soma foreign body lodg«d +in the pharynx, although it has been caused by strong drugs given with + + + + +the object of curing disease. In such cases the stomach suffers also. Symp- +toms are a dry, irritating cough and a difficulty in swallowing is observed +later on, the dog showing pain in swallowing; a contraction of the muscles +of the throat shown, and upon manipulation the pain is plainly shown. +Upon opening the mouth and examining the throat it will be found red and +swollen, and unless the inflammation is checked ulceration of the throat +will follow quickly; or abscesses form, which will cause a discharge through +the nostrils. v t. ,—_,. ^t\m\^ + +Treatment. — Ascertain the cause and try to remove it. If condition is +clue to foreign matter, this must be moved, and with hot linseed poultice +(kept in position by a bandage) applied to the neck. Nothing solid must be +given to eat, feed milk, eggs or Bovine. This simple treatment will gen- +erally effect a cure, but should ulceration occur, then paint the part with +a weak solution of nitrate of silver — 2 grains of this to V2 ounce of +distilled water — night and morning with a camel's hair brush. If ulcera- +tion is severe and granulations present, touch the latter with "London +Paste," best applied on the point of a probe, around which is rolled a +piece of wool. If pharyngeal abscesses form they must be lanced to empty +contents. The dog will be left in a debilitated state when the acute symp- +toms have subsided, due to the general constitutional disturbance accom- +panying the disease. A tonic should now be given. Clayton's or Dent's +Condition Pills will be just the thing to use for a while. + +Polypus. — A tumor growing on some mucous membrane, the nose, or +the vaginal passage being attacked by a stalk or pedicle, varying in length +and thickness. The tumor is smooth, of a red color, shaped like a pear +and when small is concealed from view, but protrudes as it grows. It +discharges a mucus matter often tinged with blood and generally offen- +sive in smell. + +The treatment is simple, consisting in the removal of the polypus by +tieing a white silk thread or piece of fine silver wire around the neck. +Tighten this daily for a few days, until the neck is cut through and the +tumor drops off. Then bathe the parts freely with Goulard Water. If +fever exists, a dose of cooling medicine will suffice, but this is rarely ever +necessary. + +Prolapsus Ani. — This sometimes occurs in pampered house dogs that +are old and too fat, and from insufficient exercise which produces constipa- +tion and causes straining. The protruding part should be cleansed, pressed +back into place, and cold douches used frequently. Diet should be laxative +and exercise must be given. If the prolapsis recurs, a stitch of two can be +inserted. The diet must then consist entirely of milk. + +Prolapsus, or Falling, of the Vagina is characterized by a soft, red +swelling, and generally occurs during, or immediately after the period of +heat. It must be carefully washed with lukewarm water and gently re- +turned to its place. The following injection should then be used for a few +days, and one of the powders given twice a day. + +Injections for Prolapsus. — Tannic acid and glycerine, 1 ounce; water to + + +THE FAMOUS + + +Melbourne English Bulldogs + +(THE GREATEST STRAIN IN AMERICA) + +More 'Winners Have Been Bred in These Kennels Than Any Kennel in the U. S. + +AT STUD — TWO FAMOUS INTERNATIONAL WINNERS + + +MELBOURNE K1LMAHEW + +A. K. 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