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// This contract is part of Zellic’s smart contract dataset, which is a collection of publicly available contract code gathered as of March 2023.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Snapshot.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "./ERC20.sol";
import "./Arrays.sol";
import "./Counters.sol";
/**
* @dev This contract extends an ERC20 token with a snapshot mechanism. When a snapshot is created, the balances and
* total supply at the time are recorded for later access.
*
* This can be used to safely create mechanisms based on token balances such as trustless dividends or weighted voting.
* In naive implementations it's possible to perform a "double spend" attack by reusing the same balance from different
* accounts. By using snapshots to calculate dividends or voting power, those attacks no longer apply. It can also be
* used to create an efficient ERC20 forking mechanism.
*
* Snapshots are created by the internal {_snapshot} function, which will emit the {Snapshot} event and return a
* snapshot id. To get the total supply at the time of a snapshot, call the function {totalSupplyAt} with the snapshot
* id. To get the balance of an account at the time of a snapshot, call the {balanceOfAt} function with the snapshot id
* and the account address.
*
* NOTE: Snapshot policy can be customized by overriding the {_getCurrentSnapshotId} method. For example, having it
* return `block.number` will trigger the creation of snapshot at the beginning of each new block. When overriding this
* function, be careful about the monotonicity of its result. Non-monotonic snapshot ids will break the contract.
*
* Implementing snapshots for every block using this method will incur significant gas costs. For a gas-efficient
* alternative consider {ERC20Votes}.
*
* ==== Gas Costs
*
* Snapshots are efficient. Snapshot creation is _O(1)_. Retrieval of balances or total supply from a snapshot is _O(log
* n)_ in the number of snapshots that have been created, although _n_ for a specific account will generally be much
* smaller since identical balances in subsequent snapshots are stored as a single entry.
*
* There is a constant overhead for normal ERC20 transfers due to the additional snapshot bookkeeping. This overhead is
* only significant for the first transfer that immediately follows a snapshot for a particular account. Subsequent
* transfers will have normal cost until the next snapshot, and so on.
*/
abstract contract ERC20Snapshot is ERC20 {
// Inspired by Jordi Baylina's MiniMeToken to record historical balances:
// https://github.com/Giveth/minime/blob/ea04d950eea153a04c51fa510b068b9dded390cb/contracts/MiniMeToken.sol
using Arrays for uint256[];
using Counters for Counters.Counter;
// Snapshotted values have arrays of ids and the value corresponding to that id. These could be an array of a
// Snapshot struct, but that would impede usage of functions that work on an array.
struct Snapshots {
uint256[] ids;
uint256[] values;
}
mapping(address => Snapshots) private _accountBalanceSnapshots;
Snapshots private _totalSupplySnapshots;
// Snapshot ids increase monotonically, with the first value being 1. An id of 0 is invalid.
Counters.Counter private _currentSnapshotId;
/**
* @dev Emitted by {_snapshot} when a snapshot identified by `id` is created.
*/
event Snapshot(uint256 id);
/**
* @dev Creates a new snapshot and returns its snapshot id.
*
* Emits a {Snapshot} event that contains the same id.
*
* {_snapshot} is `internal` and you have to decide how to expose it externally. Its usage may be restricted to a
* set of accounts, for example using {AccessControl}, or it may be open to the public.
*
* [WARNING]
* ====
* While an open way of calling {_snapshot} is required for certain trust minimization mechanisms such as forking,
* you must consider that it can potentially be used by attackers in two ways.
*
* First, it can be used to increase the cost of retrieval of values from snapshots, although it will grow
* logarithmically thus rendering this attack ineffective in the long term. Second, it can be used to target
* specific accounts and increase the cost of ERC20 transfers for them, in the ways specified in the Gas Costs
* section above.
*
* We haven't measured the actual numbers; if this is something you're interested in please reach out to us.
* ====
*/
function _snapshot() internal virtual returns (uint256) {
_currentSnapshotId.increment();
uint256 currentId = _getCurrentSnapshotId();
emit Snapshot(currentId);
return currentId;
}
/**
* @dev Get the current snapshotId
*/
function _getCurrentSnapshotId() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
return _currentSnapshotId.current();
}
/**
* @dev Retrieves the balance of `account` at the time `snapshotId` was created.
*/
function balanceOfAt(address account, uint256 snapshotId) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
(bool snapshotted, uint256 value) = _valueAt(snapshotId, _accountBalanceSnapshots[account]);
return snapshotted ? value : balanceOf(account);
}
/**
* @dev Retrieves the total supply at the time `snapshotId` was created.
*/
function totalSupplyAt(uint256 snapshotId) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
(bool snapshotted, uint256 value) = _valueAt(snapshotId, _totalSupplySnapshots);
return snapshotted ? value : totalSupply();
}
// Update balance and/or total supply snapshots before the values are modified. This is implemented
// in the _beforeTokenTransfer hook, which is executed for _mint, _burn, and _transfer operations.
function _beforeTokenTransfer(
address from,
address to,
uint256 amount
) internal virtual override {
super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
if (from == address(0)) {
// mint
_updateAccountSnapshot(to);
_updateTotalSupplySnapshot();
} else if (to == address(0)) {
// burn
_updateAccountSnapshot(from);
_updateTotalSupplySnapshot();
} else {
// transfer
_updateAccountSnapshot(from);
_updateAccountSnapshot(to);
}
}
function _valueAt(uint256 snapshotId, Snapshots storage snapshots) private view returns (bool, uint256) {
require(snapshotId > 0, "ERC20Snapshot: id is 0");
require(snapshotId <= _getCurrentSnapshotId(), "ERC20Snapshot: nonexistent id");
// When a valid snapshot is queried, there are three possibilities:
// a) The queried value was not modified after the snapshot was taken. Therefore, a snapshot entry was never
// created for this id, and all stored snapshot ids are smaller than the requested one. The value that corresponds
// to this id is the current one.
// b) The queried value was modified after the snapshot was taken. Therefore, there will be an entry with the
// requested id, and its value is the one to return.
// c) More snapshots were created after the requested one, and the queried value was later modified. There will be
// no entry for the requested id: the value that corresponds to it is that of the smallest snapshot id that is
// larger than the requested one.
//
// In summary, we need to find an element in an array, returning the index of the smallest value that is larger if
// it is not found, unless said value doesn't exist (e.g. when all values are smaller). Arrays.findUpperBound does
// exactly this.
uint256 index = snapshots.ids.findUpperBound(snapshotId);
if (index == snapshots.ids.length) {
return (false, 0);
} else {
return (true, snapshots.values[index]);
}
}
function _updateAccountSnapshot(address account) private {
_updateSnapshot(_accountBalanceSnapshots[account], balanceOf(account));
}
function _updateTotalSupplySnapshot() private {
_updateSnapshot(_totalSupplySnapshots, totalSupply());
}
function _updateSnapshot(Snapshots storage snapshots, uint256 currentValue) private {
uint256 currentId = _getCurrentSnapshotId();
if (_lastSnapshotId(snapshots.ids) < currentId) {
snapshots.ids.push(currentId);
snapshots.values.push(currentValue);
}
}
function _lastSnapshotId(uint256[] storage ids) private view returns (uint256) {
if (ids.length == 0) {
return 0;
} else {
return ids[ids.length - 1];
}
}
}
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