--- task_categories: - text-generation language: - de size_categories: - 10M", "warc-type":"conversion", "content-length":"35298", // (3) "warc-refers-to":"", "warc-block-digest":"sha1:WFH2A5WHCS2H365GIAFYQPI7UOAMFGHB", // (3) "warc-date":"2022-11-26T09:45:47Z", "content-type":"text/plain" }, "identification":{ // (4) "label":"fr", "prob":0.8938327 }, "harmful_pp":4063.1814, // (5) "tlsh":"tlsh:T125315FF2B6088901EEA097015DB39B4600B...", // (6) "quality_warnings":[ // (7) "short_sentences", "header", "footer" ], "categories":[ // (8) "examen_pix", "liste_bu" ], "sentence_identifications":[ // (9) { "label":"fr", "prob":0.99837273 }, { "label":"en", "prob":0.9992377 }, null ] } } ``` ## Licensing (from the original OSCAR Corpus. We cannot reasonably comply with takedown requests.) ``` These data are released under this licensing scheme We do not own any of the text from which these data has been extracted. We license the actual packaging, the metadata and the annotations of these data under the Creative Commons CC0 license ("no rights reserved") http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ To the extent possible under law, the OSCAR project, Inria, the Univertity of Mannheim and DFKI GmbH have waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to OSCAR This work is published from: France and Germany. [[[ Should you consider that our data contains material that is owned by you and should therefore not be reproduced here, please: * Clearly identify yourself, with detailed contact data such as an address, telephone number or email address at which you can be contacted. * Clearly identify the copyrighted work claimed to be infringed. * Clearly identify the material that is claimed to be infringing and information reasonably sufficient to allow us to locate the material. We will comply to legitimate requests by removing the affected sources from the next release of the corpus. ]]] ``` ## Citation ``` @ARTICLE{2022arXiv221210440J, author = {{Jansen}, Tim and {Tong}, Yangling and {Zevallos}, Victoria and {Ortiz Suarez}, Pedro}, title = "{Perplexed by Quality: A Perplexity-based Method for Adult and Harmful Content Detection in Multilingual Heterogeneous Web Data}", journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {Computer Science - Computation and Language}, year = 2022, month = dec, eid = {arXiv:2212.10440}, pages = {arXiv:2212.10440}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2212.10440}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, eprint = {2212.10440}, primaryClass = {cs.CL}, adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022arXiv221210440J}, adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} } @inproceedings{abadji-etal-2022-towards, title = "Towards a Cleaner Document-Oriented Multilingual Crawled Corpus", author = "Abadji, Julien and Ortiz Suarez, Pedro and Romary, Laurent and Sagot, Beno{\^\i}t", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference", month = jun, year = "2022", address = "Marseille, France", publisher = "European Language Resources Association", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.463", pages = "4344--4355", abstract = "The need for large corpora raw corpora has dramatically increased in recent years with the introduction of transfer learning and semi-supervised learning methods to Natural Language Processing. And while there have been some recent attempts to manually curate the amount of data necessary to train large language models, the main way to obtain this data is still through automatic web crawling. In this paper we take the existing multilingual web corpus OSCAR and its pipeline Ungoliant that extracts and classifies data from Common Crawl at the line level, and propose a set of improvements and automatic annotations in order to produce a new document-oriented version of OSCAR that could prove more suitable to pre-train large generative language models as well as hopefully other applications in Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities.", } @inproceedings{AbadjiOrtizSuarezRomaryetal.2021, author = {Julien Abadji and Pedro Javier Ortiz Su{\'a}rez and Laurent Romary and Beno{\^i}t Sagot}, title = {Ungoliant: An optimized pipeline for the generation of a very large-scale multilingual web corpus}, series = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Challenges in the Management of Large Corpora (CMLC-9) 2021. Limerick, 12 July 2021 (Online-Event)}, editor = {Harald L{\"u}ngen and Marc Kupietz and Piotr Bański and Adrien Barbaresi and Simon Clematide and Ines Pisetta}, publisher = {Leibniz-Institut f{\"u}r Deutsche Sprache}, address = {Mannheim}, doi = {10.14618/ids-pub-10468}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:mh39-104688}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Since the introduction of large language models in Natural Language Processing, large raw corpora have played a crucial role in Computational Linguistics. However, most of these large raw corpora are either available only for English or not available to the general public due to copyright issues. Nevertheless, there are some examples of freely available multilingual corpora for training Deep Learning NLP models, such as the OSCAR and Paracrawl corpora. However, they have quality issues, especially for low-resource languages. Moreover, recreating or updating these corpora is very complex. In this work, we try to reproduce and improve the goclassy pipeline used to create the OSCAR corpus. We propose a new pipeline that is faster, modular, parameterizable, and well documented. We use it to create a corpus similar to OSCAR but larger and based on recent data. Also, unlike OSCAR, the metadata information is at the document level. We release our pipeline under an open source license and publish the corpus under a research-only license.}, language = {en} } @article{kreutzer-etal-2022-quality, title = "Quality at a Glance: An Audit of Web-Crawled Multilingual Datasets", author = {Kreutzer, Julia and Caswell, Isaac and Wang, Lisa and Wahab, Ahsan and van Esch, Daan and Ulzii-Orshikh, Nasanbayar and Tapo, Allahsera and Subramani, Nishant and Sokolov, Artem and Sikasote, Claytone and Setyawan, Monang and Sarin, Supheakmungkol and Samb, Sokhar and Sagot, Beno{\^\i}t and Rivera, Clara and Rios, Annette and Papadimitriou, Isabel and Osei, Salomey and Suarez, Pedro Ortiz and Orife, Iroro and Ogueji, Kelechi and Rubungo, Andre Niyongabo and Nguyen, Toan Q. and M{\"u}ller, Mathias and M{\"u}ller, Andr{\'e} and Muhammad, Shamsuddeen Hassan and Muhammad, Nanda and Mnyakeni, Ayanda and Mirzakhalov, Jamshidbek and Matangira, Tapiwanashe and Leong, Colin and Lawson, Nze and Kudugunta, Sneha and Jernite, Yacine and Jenny, Mathias and Firat, Orhan and Dossou, Bonaventure F. P. and Dlamini, Sakhile and de Silva, Nisansa and {\c{C}}abuk Ball{\i}, Sakine and Biderman, Stella and Battisti, Alessia and Baruwa, Ahmed and Bapna, Ankur and Baljekar, Pallavi and Azime, Israel Abebe and Awokoya, Ayodele and Ataman, Duygu and Ahia, Orevaoghene and Ahia, Oghenefego and Agrawal, Sweta and Adeyemi, Mofetoluwa}, journal = "Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics", volume = "10", year = "2022", address = "Cambridge, MA", publisher = "MIT Press", url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.tacl-1.4", doi = "10.1162/tacl_a_00447", pages = "50--72", abstract = "With the success of large-scale pre-training and multilingual modeling in Natural Language Processing (NLP), recent years have seen a proliferation of large, Web-mined text datasets covering hundreds of languages. We manually audit the quality of 205 language-specific corpora released with five major public datasets (CCAligned, ParaCrawl, WikiMatrix, OSCAR, mC4). Lower-resource corpora have systematic issues: At least 15 corpora have no usable text, and a significant fraction contains less than 50{\%} sentences of acceptable quality. In addition, many are mislabeled or use nonstandard/ambiguous language codes. We demonstrate that these issues are easy to detect even for non-proficient speakers, and supplement the human audit with automatic analyses. Finally, we recommend techniques to evaluate and improve multilingual corpora and discuss potential risks that come with low-quality data releases.", } @inproceedings{ortiz-suarez-etal-2020-monolingual, title = "A Monolingual Approach to Contextualized Word Embeddings for Mid-Resource Languages", author = "Ortiz Su{'a}rez, Pedro Javier and Romary, Laurent and Sagot, Benoit", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics", month = jul, year = "2020", address = "Online", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.156", pages = "1703--1714", abstract = "We use the multilingual OSCAR corpus, extracted from Common Crawl via language classification, filtering and cleaning, to train monolingual contextualized word embeddings (ELMo) for five mid-resource languages. We then compare the performance of OSCAR-based and Wikipedia-based ELMo embeddings for these languages on the part-of-speech tagging and parsing tasks. We show that, despite the noise in the Common-Crawl-based OSCAR data, embeddings trained on OSCAR perform much better than monolingual embeddings trained on Wikipedia. They actually equal or improve the current state of the art in tagging and parsing for all five languages. In particular, they also improve over multilingual Wikipedia-based contextual embeddings (multilingual BERT), which almost always constitutes the previous state of the art, thereby showing that the benefit of a larger, more diverse corpus surpasses the cross-lingual benefit of multilingual embedding architectures.", } @inproceedings{OrtizSuarezSagotRomary2019, author = {Pedro Javier {Ortiz Su{'a}rez} and Benoit Sagot and Laurent Romary}, title = {Asynchronous pipelines for processing huge corpora on medium to low resource infrastructures}, series = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Challenges in the Management of Large Corpora (CMLC-7) 2019. Cardiff, 22nd July 2019}, editor = {Piotr Bański and Adrien Barbaresi and Hanno Biber and Evelyn Breiteneder and Simon Clematide and Marc Kupietz and Harald L{"u}ngen and Caroline Iliadi}, publisher = {Leibniz-Institut f{"u}r Deutsche Sprache}, address = {Mannheim}, doi = {10.14618/ids-pub-9021}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:mh39-90215}, pages = {9 -- 16}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Common Crawl is a considerably large, heterogeneous multilingual corpus comprised of crawled documents from the internet, surpassing 20TB of data and distributed as a set of more than 50 thousand plain text files where each contains many documents written in a wide variety of languages. Even though each document has a metadata block associated to it, this data lacks any information about the language in which each document is written, making it extremely difficult to use Common Crawl for monolingual applications. We propose a general, highly parallel, multithreaded pipeline to clean and classify Common Crawl by language; we specifically design it so that it runs efficiently on medium to low resource infrastructures where I/O speeds are the main constraint. We develop the pipeline so that it can be easily reapplied to any kind of heterogeneous corpus and so that it can be parameterised to a wide range of infrastructures. We also distribute a 6.3TB version of Common Crawl, filtered, classified by language, shuffled at line level in order to avoid copyright issues, and ready to be used for NLP applications.}, language = {en} } ```