[MS. BLATT]20LOC[MS. BLATT] Thank21VVthank you22PPyou ,23,, Mr24NPMr .25SENT. Chief26NPChief Justice27NPJustice ,28,, and29CCand may30MDmay it31PPit please32VVplease the33DTthe Court34NPCourt :35:: This36DTthis case37NNcase involves38VVZinvolve whether39INwhether the40DTthe hundreds41NNShundred of42INof thousands43NNSthousand of44INof landowners45NNSlandowner on46INon Superfund47NPSuperfund sites48NNSsite can49MDcan bring50VVbring state51NNstate lawsuits52NNSlawsuit to53TOto implement54VVimplement their55PP$their own56JJown piecemeal57JJpiecemeal hazardous58JJhazardous waste59NNwaste cleanups60NNScleanup .61SENT. The62DTthe answer63NNanswer should64MDshould be65VBbe no66RBno .67SENT. CERCLA68NPCERCLA entrusts69VVZentrust EPA70NPEPA to71TOto protect72VVprotect human73JJhuman health74NNhealth and75CCand the76DTthe environment77NNenvironment by78INby developing79VVGdevelop a80DTa remedial81JJremedial plan82NNplan that83WDTthat protects84VVZprotect the85DTthe whole86JJwhole community87NNcommunity .88SENT. Respondents89NNSrespondent are90VBPbe profoundly91RBprofoundly wrong92JJwrong that93IN/thatthat removing94VVGremove waste95NNwaste is96VBZbe always97RBalways better98RBRwell than99INthan leaving100VVGleave it101PPit in102INin place103NNplace .104SENT. Superfund105NPSuperfund sites106NNSsite contain107VVPcontain extremely108RBextremely hazardous109JJhazardous substances110NNSsubstance ,111,, lead112NNlead ,113,, mercury114NNmercury ,115,, plutonium116NNplutonium ,117,, to118TOto name119VVname a120DTa few121JJfew .122SENT. Excavation123NNexcavation ,124,, transportation125NNtransportation ,126,, and127CCand disposal128NNdisposal of129INof these130DTthese substances131NNSsubstance is132VBZbe risky133JJrisky not134RBnot only135RBonly to136TOto neighbors137NNSneighbor but138CCbut the139DTthe millions140NNSmillion of141INof people142NNSpeople who143WPwho live144VVPlive next145JJnext door146NNdoor to147TOto Superfund148NPSuperfund sites149NNSsite .150SENT. Whether151INwhether these152DTthese risks153NNSrisk are154VBPbe worth155JJworth any156DTany benefits157NNSbenefit should158MDshould be159VBbe evaluated160VVNevaluate by161INby EPA162NPEPA ,163,, not164RBnot juries165NNSjury on166INon an167DTan ad168FWad hoc169FWhoc basis170NNbasis .171SENT. Since172INsince 2013173CD@card@ ,174,, EPA175NPEPA has176VHZhave objected177VVNobject that178IN/thatthat Respondents179NNSrespondent '180POS' restoration181NNrestoration remedy182NNremedy would183MDwould thwart184VVthwart more185JJRmore than186INthan three187CDthree decades188NNSdecade of189INof efforts190NNSeffort ...191:... of192INof its193PP$its efforts194NNSeffort at195INat the196DTthe Anaconda197NNanaconda site198NNsite ,199,, including200VVGinclude by201INby digging202VVGdig up203RPup soil204NNsoil that205IN/thatthat EPA206NPEPA wants207VVZwant left208RBleft undisturbed209JJundisturbed and210CCand by211INby building212VVGbuild miles213NNSmile of214INof underground215JJunderground trenches216NNStrench that217WDTthat would218MDwould affect219VVaffect an220DTan entire221JJentire community222NNcommunity 's223POS's groundwater224NNgroundwater .225SENT. This226DTthis Court227NPCourt should228MDshould reverse229VVreverse for230INfor three231CDthree reasons232NNSreason .233SENT. First234RBfirst ,235,, Section236NNsection 113237CD@card@ bars238NNSbar Respondents239NNSrespondent '240POS' challenge241NNchallenge to242TOto EPA243NPEPA 's244POS's remedy245NNremedy .246SENT. Second247RBsecond ,248,, Section249NNsection 122250CD@card@ bars251NNSbar Respondents252NNSrespondent from253INfrom undertaking254VVGundertake any255DTany remedial256JJremedial actions257NNSaction absent258VVPabsent EPA259NPEPA 's260POS's authorization261NNauthorization .262SENT. And263CCand ,264,, third265JJthird ,266,, a267DTa restoration268NNrestoration remedy269NNremedy is270VBZbe preempted271VVNpreempt because272INbecause it273PPit would274MDwould require275VVrequire Atlantic276NPAtlantic Richfield277NPRichfield to278TOto effectuate279VVeffectuate the280DTthe very281JJvery cleanup282NNcleanup that283IN/thatthat federal284JJfederal law285NNlaw prohibits286VVZprohibit the287DTthe company288NNcompany from289INfrom doing290VVGdo on291INon its292PP$its own293JJown ,294,, and295CCand a296DTa restoration297NNrestoration remedy298NNremedy would299MDwould prevent300VVprevent EPA301NPEPA from302INfrom carrying303VVGcarry out304RPout its305PP$its statutory306JJstatutory mandate307NNmandate to308TOto implement309VVimplement comprehensive310JJcomprehensive cleanups311NNScleanup .312SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]313LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Ms314NNMs .315SENT. Blatt316NPBlatt ,317,, I318PPI 've319VHPhave been320VBNbe trying321VVGtry to322TOto unpackage323VVunpackage this324DTthis case325NNcase in326INin my327PP$my own328JJown mind329NNmind ,330,, and331CCand I332PPI start333VVPstart with334INwith the335DTthe language336NNlanguage of337INof the338DTthe statute339NNstatute .340SENT. I341PPI 'm342VBPbe sorry343JJsorry .344SENT. I345PPI interrupted346VVDinterrupt you347PPyou .348SENT. Finish349NNfinish .350SENT. [MS. BLATT]351LOC[MS. BLATT] No352NPNo ,353,, we354PPwe 're355VBPbe good356JJgood .357SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]358LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Okay359NPOkay .360SENT. [361SYM[ LAUGHTER362NNlaughter ]363SYM] [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]364LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I365PPI 'm366VBPbe sorry367JJsorry .368SENT. [MS. BLATT]369LOC[MS. BLATT] No370NPNo .371SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]372LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I373PPI am374VBPbe trying375VVGtry to376TOto figure377VVfigure out378RPout ...379:... let380VVlet 's381VBZbe assume382VVassume for383INfor the384DTthe sake385NNsake of386INof argument387NNargument that388IN/thatthat the389DTthe remedial390JJremedial plan391NNplan that392IN/thatthat the393DTthe state394NNstate court395NNcourt orders396NNSorder supplements397NNSsupplement ,398,, rather399RBrather than400INthan contradicts401VVZcontradict ,402,, the403DTthe EPA404NPEPA plan405NNplan ,406,, that407IN/thatthat it408PPit was409VBDbe something410NNsomething in411INin top412JJtop of413INof .414SENT. I415PPI read416VVPread the417DTthe savings418NNSsaving clauses419NNSclause to420TOto permit421VVpermit that422DTthat .423SENT. It424PPit ...425:... the426DTthe savings427NNSsaving clauses428NNSclause are429VBPbe very430RBvery explicit431JJexplicit that432IN/thatthat it433PPit 's434VBZbe not435RBnot displacing436VVGdisplace or437CCor intending438VVGintend to439TOto displace440VVdisplace state441NNstate law442NNlaw remedies443NNSremedy for444INfor liability445NNliability or446CCor for447INfor anything448NNanything else449RBelse .450SENT. So451RBso ,452,, if453INif these454DTthese plans455NNSplan supplement456NNsupplement ,457,, why458WRBwhy would459MDwould this460DTthis part461NNpart of462INof Montana463NPMontana law464NNlaw be465VBbe preempted466VVNpreempt ?467SENT? [MS. BLATT]468LOC[MS. BLATT] So469RBso ,470,, in471INin terms472NNSterm of473INof preemption474NNpreemption ,475,, so476RBso it477PPit 's478VBZbe quite479RBquite emphatic480JJemphatic to481TOto understand482VVunderstand that483DTthat Section484NNsection 122485CD@card@ (486(( e487LSe )488)) (489(( 6490CD6 )491)) and492CCand the493DTthe over494INover 20495CD@card@ administrative496JJadministrative orders497NNSorder impose498VVimpose both499CCboth a500DTa floor501NNfloor and502CCand a503DTa ceiling504NNceiling on505INon the506DTthe type507NNtype of508INof cleanup509NNcleanup ...510:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]511LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] If512INif I513PPI disagree514VVPdisagree that515IN/thatthat it516PPit 's517VBZbe a518DTa ceiling519NNceiling ...520:... [MS. BLATT]521LOC[MS. BLATT] Well522UHWell ...523:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]524LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...525:... if526INif I527PPI think528VVPthink it529PPit 's530VBZbe just531RBjust a532DTa flaw533NNflaw ...534:... a535DTa floor536NNfloor ...537:... [MS. BLATT]538LOC[MS. BLATT] Sure539NPSure .540SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]541LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...542:... and543CCand that544IN/thatthat the545DTthe EPA546NPEPA has547VHZhave the548DTthe power549NNpower to550TOto decide551VVdecide whether552INwhether any553DTany plan554NNplan can555MDcan supplement556VVsupplement its557PP$its own558JJown ...559:... [MS. BLATT]560LOC[MS. BLATT] Of561INof course562NNcourse .563SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]564LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...565:... where566WRBwhere does567VVZdo that568RBthat leave569VVleave this570DTthis argument571NNargument ?572SENT? [MS. BLATT]573LOC[MS. BLATT] So574INso you575PPyou ...576:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]577LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] If578INif ...579:... if580INif ...581:... if582INif ...583:... if584INif I585PPI believe586VVPbelieve ...587:... [MS. BLATT]588LOC[MS. BLATT] Sure589NPSure .590SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]591LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...592:... that593IN/thatthat it594PPit 's595VBZbe a596DTa ...597:... it598PPit 's599VBZbe a600DTa floor601NNfloor only602RBonly ,603,, not604RBnot a605DTa ceiling606NNceiling ...607:... [MS. BLATT]608LOC[MS. BLATT] Uh-huh609NPUh-huh .610SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]611LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...612:... that613IN/thatthat the614DTthe EPA615NPEPA has616VHZhave the617DTthe right618NNright to619TOto establish620VVestablish when621WRBwhen a622DTa plan623NNplan will624MDwill be625VBbe a626DTa ceiling627NNceiling ,628,, where629WRBwhere does630VVZdo that631RBthat leave632VVleave this633DTthis case634NNcase ?635SENT? [MS. BLATT]636LOC[MS. BLATT] Okay637NPOkay .638SENT. So639RBso ,640,, in641INin terms642NNSterm of643INof conflict644NNconflict preemption645NNpreemption ,646,, so647RBso we648PPwe know649VVPknow that650IN/thatthat EPA651NPEPA would652MDwould absolutely653RBabsolutely have654VHhave to655TOto change656VVchange federal657JJfederal law658NNlaw ,659,, which660WDTwhich it661PPit could662MDcould ,663,, to664TOto approve665VVapprove their666PP$their plan667NNplan .668SENT. So669RBso you670PPyou 're671VBPbe absolutely672RBabsolutely correct673JJcorrect .674SENT. The675DTthe EP676NPEP ...677:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]678LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I679PPI 'm680VBPbe sorry681JJsorry .682SENT. [MS. BLATT]683LOC[MS. BLATT] EP684NPEP ...685:... federal686JJfederal law687NNlaw requires688VVZrequire a689DTa specific690JJspecific action691NNaction level692NNlevel and693CCand a694DTa specific695JJspecific amount696NNamount of697INof dirt698NNdirt that699WDTthat can700MDcan be701VBbe dug702VVNdug and703CCand that704IN/thatthat no705DTno wall706NNwall could707MDcould be708VBbe built709VVNbuild .710SENT. If711INif that712DTthat happens713VVZhappen ,714,, EPA715NPEPA ...716:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]717LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] At718INat the719DTthe moment720NNmoment ?721SENT? [MS. BLATT]722LOC[MS. BLATT] Yes723NPYes .724SENT. And725CCand EPA726NPEPA can727MDcan change728VVchange it729PPit .730SENT. And731CCand this732DTthis Court733NPCourt in734INin Mensing735NPMensing said736VVDsay that737IN/thatthat courts738NNScourt do739VVPdo not740RBnot withhold741VVwithhold preemption742NNpreemption based743VVNbase on744INon the745DTthe speculation746NNspeculation that747IN/thatthat federal748JJfederal government749NNgovernment may750MDmay change751VVchange the752DTthe law753NNlaw .754SENT. And755CCand the756DTthe law757NNlaw would758MDwould have759VHhave to760TOto be761VBbe ...762:... [JUSTICE GINSBURG]763LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] But764CCbut it765PPit is766VBZbe n't767RBn't the768DTthe law769NNlaw ,770,, Ms771NNMs .772SENT. Blatt773NPBlatt .774SENT. It's775NPIt's ...776:... it777PPit 's778VBZbe the779DTthe EPA780NPEPA Superfund781NPSuperfund plan782NNplan for783INfor this784DTthis site785NNsite .786SENT. The787DTthe specific788JJspecific things789NNSthing that790IN/thatthat you791PPyou mention792VVPmention are793VBPbe not794RBnot in795INin the796DTthe law797NNlaw .798SENT. They799PPthey are800VBPbe in801INin the802DTthe EPA803NPEPA 's804POS's plan805NNplan .806SENT. And807CCand if808INif the809DTthe EPA810NPEPA said811VVDsay we812PPwe permit813VVPpermit what814WPwhat the815DTthe landowners816NNSlandowner ...817:... the818DTthe ...819:... the820DTthe further821JJRfurther cleanup822NNcleanup the823DTthe landowners824NNSlandowner want825VVPwant ,826,, we827PPwe permit828VVPpermit it829PPit or830CCor we831PPwe permit832VVPpermit what833WPwhat they834PPthey want835VVPwant with836INwith certain837JJcertain modifications838NNSmodification ,839,, if840INif EPA841NPEPA says842VVZsay yes843UHyes ,844,, then845RBthen there846EXthere 's847VBZbe no848DTno preemption849NNpreemption that850IN/thatthat I851PPI could852MDcould see853VVsee that854WDTthat would855MDwould be856VBbe involved857VVNinvolve in858INin this859DTthis case860NNcase .861SENT. [MS. BLATT]862LOC[MS. BLATT] So863INso that864WDTthat 's865VBZbe not866RBnot correct867JJcorrect because868INbecause ,869,, when870WRBwhen you871PPyou said872VVDsay plan873NNplan ...874:... and875CCand maybe876RBmaybe I877PPI misspoke878VVZmisspoke ...879:... the880DTthe law881NNlaw is882VBZbe not883RBnot a884DTa U885NPU .886SENT. S887NPS .888SENT. code889NNcode law890NNlaw .891SENT. It892PPit 's893VBZbe a894DTa binding895JJbinding administrative896JJadministrative order897NNorder where898WRBwhere Atlantic899NPAtlantic Richfield900NPRichfield would901MDwould incur902VVincur massive903JJmassive penalties904NNSpenalty every905DTevery day906NNday if907INif it908PPit violated909VVDviolate .910SENT. It911PPit 's912VBZbe a913DTa law914NNlaw in915INin terms916NNSterm of917INof an918DTan administrative919JJadministrative order920NNorder that921WDTthat sets922VVZset forth923RBforth the924DTthe plan925NNplan .926SENT. Now927RBnow Atlantic928NPAtlantic Richfield929NPRichfield cannot930MDcan carry931VVcarry out932RPout that933DTthat plan934NNplan without935INwithout massive936JJmassive fines937NNSfine and938CCand violating939VVGviolate law940NNlaw .941SENT. In942INin the943DTthe order944NNorder ,945,, it946PPit says947VVZsay undertaking948VVGundertake any949DTany action950NNaction without951INwithout EPA952NPEPA 's953POS's approval954NNapproval violates955VVZviolate the956DTthe order957NNorder .958SENT. And959CCand under960INunder ordinary961JJordinary ...962:... [JUSTICE GINSBURG]963LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] But964CCbut suppose965VVsuppose the966DTthe EPA967NPEPA approves968VVZapprove .969SENT. The970DTthe EPA971NPEPA says972VVZsay what973WPwhat you974PPyou want975VVPwant to976TOto do977VVdo is978VBZbe okay979JJokay with980INwith us981PPus ,982,, or983CCor at984INat least985JJSleast ,986,, as987RBas was988VBDbe suggested989VVNsuggest in990INin the991DTthe briefing992NNbriefing ,993,, part994NNpart of995INof what996WPwhat the997DTthe landowners998NNSlandowner want999VVPwant is1000VBZbe okay1001JJokay with1002INwith EPA1003NPEPA .1004SENT. [MS. BLATT]1005LOC[MS. BLATT] So1006INso all1007DTall of1008INof the1009DTthe pillars1010NNSpillar of1011INof their1012PP$their plan1013NNplan violate1014VVviolate EPA1015NPEPA 's1016POS's order1017NNorder .1018SENT. And1019CCand your1020PP$your supposition1021NNsupposition that1022IN/thatthat EPA1023NPEPA could1024MDcould approve1025VVapprove it1026PPit is1027VBZbe just1028RBjust not1029RBnot the1030DTthe test1031NNtest under1032INunder preemption1033NNpreemption .1034SENT. The1035DTthe test1036NNtest under1037INunder preemption1038NNpreemption is1039VBZbe whether1040INwhether a1041DTa party1042NNparty today1043NNtoday could1044MDcould independently1045RBindependently do1046VVdo under1047INunder federal1048JJfederal law1049NNlaw what1050WPwhat state1051VVPstate law1052NNlaw requires1053VVZrequire .1054SENT. And1055CCand I1056PPI mean1057VVPmean by1058INby that1059DTthat ,1060,, and1061CCand what1062WPwhat this1063DTthis Court1064NPCourt in1065INin Mensing1066NPMensing and1067CCand Bartlett1068NPBartlett said1069VVDsay ,1070,, that1071WDTthat means1072VVZmean complying1073VVGcomply with1074INwith state1075NNstate law1076NNlaw duties1077NNSduty without1078INwithout the1079DTthe government1080NNgovernment 's1081POS's assistance1082NNassistance and1083CCand permission1084NNpermission .1085SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]1086LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Well1087UHWell ,1088,, Ms1089NNMs .1090SENT. Blatt1091NPBlatt ,1092,, same1093JJsame kind1094NNkind of1095INof question1096NNquestion ,1097,, and1098CCand maybe1099RBmaybe it1100PPit goes1101VVZgo to1102TOto a1103DTa bunch1104NNbunch of1105INof your1106PP$your arguments1107NNSargument .1108SENT. I1109PPI mean1110VVPmean ,1111,, look1112VVPlook ,1113,, if1114INif I1115PPI were1116VBDbe writing1117VVGwrite this1118DTthis statute1119NNstatute ,1120,, I1121PPI would1122MDwould say1123VVsay it1124PPit all1125RBall goes1126VVZgo to1127TOto the1128DTthe EPA1129NPEPA .1130SENT. It1131PPit 's1132VBZbe just1133RBjust ...1134:... you1135PPyou know1136VVPknow ,1137,, that1138WDTthat 's1139VBZbe the1140DTthe sensible1141JJsensible solution1142NNsolution to1143TOto have1144VHhave one1145CDone party1146NNparty that1147WDTthat makes1148VVZmake all1149PDTall the1150DTthe rules1151NNSrule in1152INin this1153DTthis .1154SENT. But1155CCbut I1156PPI 'm1157VBPbe not1158RBnot writing1159VVGwrite the1160DTthe statute1161NNstatute .1162SENT. And1163CCand the1164DTthe statute1165NNstatute has1166VHZhave three1167CDthree savings1168NNSsaving clauses1169NNSclause in1170INin it1171PPit ,1172,, which1173WDTwhich ...1174:... which1175WDTwhich suggests1176VVZsuggest that1177IN/thatthat the1178DTthe states1179NNSstate have1180VHPhave a1181DTa significant1182JJsignificant role1183NNrole in1184INin this1185DTthis .1186SENT. And1187CCand ,1188,, in1189INin particular1190JJparticular ,1191,, one1192CDone that1193WDTthat says1194VVZsay that1195IN/thatthat the1196DTthe states1197NNSstate get1198VVPget to1199TOto impose1200VVimpose additional1201JJadditional liability1202NNliability or1203CCor requirements1204NNSrequirement with1205INwith respect1206NNrespect to1207TOto the1208DTthe release1209NNrelease of1210INof hazardous1211JJhazardous substances1212NNSsubstance .1213SENT. And1214CCand I1215PPI guess1216VVPguess ,1217,, you1218PPyou know1219VVPknow ,1220,, one1221CDone way1222NNway into1223INinto this1224DTthis is1225VBZbe if1226INif I1227PPI ...1228:... if1229INif ...1230:... if1231INif ...1232:... if1233INif we1234PPwe imagine1235VVPimagine that1236IN/thatthat this1237DTthis was1238VBDbe done1239VVNdo not1240RBnot with1241INwith a1242DTa damages1243NNSdamage rule1244NNrule ,1245,, but1246CCbut suppose1247VVPsuppose the1248DTthe Montana1249NPMontana legislature1250NNlegislature just1251RBjust said1252VVDsay ,1253,, you1254PPyou know1255VVPknow what1256WPwhat ,1257,, this1258DTthis plan1259NNplan that1260IN/thatthat the1261DTthe EPA1262NPEPA has1263VHZhave put1264VVNput in1265INin place1266NNplace ,1267,, it1268PPit requires1269VVZrequire arsenic1270NNarsenic at1271INat a1272DTa certain1273JJcertain level1274NNlevel ,1275,, and1276CCand we1277PPwe think1278VVPthink it1279PPit would1280MDwould be1281VBbe better1282JJRgood to1283TOto lower1284VVlower that1285IN/thatthat ,1286,, and1287CCand we1288PPwe do1289VVPdo n't1290RBn't really1291RBreally care1292VVcare that1293IN/thatthat the1294DTthe EPA1295NPEPA thinks1296VVZthink that1297IN/thatthat that1298DTthat would1299MDwould not1300RBnot be1301VBbe a1302DTa good1303JJgood idea1304NNidea for1305INfor health1306NNhealth purposes1307NNSpurpose ,1308,, as1309RBas well1310RBwell as1311INas for1312INfor economic1313JJeconomic purposes1314NNSpurpose ;1315:; we1316PPwe think1317VVPthink that1318IN/thatthat that1319DTthat arsenic1320JJarsenic level1321NNlevel should1322MDshould be1323VBbe lowered1324VVNlower .1325SENT. Do1326VVPdo you1327PPyou think1328VVPthink that1329IN/thatthat the1330DTthe state1331NNstate gets1332VVZget to1333TOto do1334VVdo that1335DTthat ?1336SENT? [MS. BLATT]1337LOC[MS. BLATT] No1338NPNo ,1339,, and1340CCand Section1341NPSection 1211342CD@card@ deals1343NNSdeal with1344INwith this1345DTthis directly1346RBdirectly .1347SENT. It1348PPit spells1349VVZspell out1350RPout in1351INin like1352INlike over1353RBover 3,0001354CD@card@ words1355NNSword how1356WRBhow states1357NNSstate can1358MDcan incorporate1359VVincorporate into1360INinto EPA's1361NPEPA's ,1362,, their1363PP$their plans1364NNSplan ,1365,, and1366CCand EPA1367NPEPA can1368MDcan override1369VVoverride that1370DTthat state1371NNstate standard1372NNstandard .1373SENT. And1374CCand it1375PPit goes1376VVZgo ...1377:... then1378RBthen states1379NNSstate have1380VHPhave the1381DTthe remedy1382NNremedy to1383TOto sue1384VVsue .1385SENT. It1386PPit 's1387VBZbe one1388CDone of1389INof the1390DTthe exceptions1391NNSexception under1392INunder 1131393CD@card@ .1394SENT. And1395CCand so1396RBso ...1397:... and1398CCand I1399PPI think1400VVPthink you1401PPyou 're1402VBPbe right1403JJright that1404IN/thatthat their1405PP$their position1406NNposition under1407INunder the1408DTthe savings1409NNSsaving clause1410NNclause is1411VBZbe that1412IN/thatthat not1413RBnot only1414RBonly could1415MDcould state1416VVstate law1417NNlaw say1418VVPsay do1419VVPdo n't1420RBn't enact1421VVenact EPA1422NPEPA 's1423POS's remedy1424NNremedy because1425INbecause we1426PPwe hate1427VVPhate it1428PPit and1429CCand do1430VVPdo a1431DTa different1432JJdifferent remedy1433NNremedy ,1434,, but1435CCbut state1436NNstate courts1437NNScourt could1438MDcould order1439VVorder independent1440JJindependent warring1441VVGwar cleanups1442NNScleanup ,1443,, you1444PPyou know1445VVPknow ,1446,, case1447NNcase by1448INby case1449NNcase ,1450,, block1451NNblock by1452INby block1453NNblock ,1454,, house1455NNhouse by1456INby house1457NNhouse .1458SENT. And1459CCand this1460DTthis Court1461NPCourt ,1462,, in1463INin the1464DTthe Abilene1465NPAbilene Cotton1466NPCotton case1467NNcase and1468CCand in1469INin the1470DTthe AT1471INat &1472CC& T1473NNT case1474NNcase ,1475,, interpreted1476VVDinterpret almost1477RBalmost an1478DTan identically1479RBidentically worded1480VVNword savings1481NNSsaving clause1482NNclause and1483CCand said1484VVDsay you1485PPyou can1486MDcan 't1487RB't interpret1488VVinterpret those1489DTthose clauses1490NNSclause to1491TOto completely1492RBcompletely destroy1493VVdestroy other1494JJother parts1495NNSpart of1496INof the1497DTthe Act1498NPAct .1499SENT. And1500CCand this1501DTthis would1502MDwould utterly1503RButterly destroy1504VVdestroy EPA1505NPEPA 's1506POS's whole1507JJwhole design1508NNdesign under1509INunder CERCLA1510NPCERCLA .1511SENT. [JUSTICE GINSBURG]1512LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] So1513RBso ...1514:... so1515RBso what1516WPwhat ...1517:... what1518WPwhat do1519VVPdo they1520PPthey save1521VVsave then1522RBthen ?1523SENT? I1524PPI mean1525VVPmean ,1526,, the1527DTthe savings1528NNsavings is1529VBZbe all1530RBall over1531INover this1532DTthis statute1533NNstatute .1534SENT. They1535PPthey have1536VHPhave to1537TOto save1538VVsave something1539NNsomething .1540SENT. What1541WPWhat do1542VVPdo they1543PPthey save1544VVsave that1545DTthat ...1546:... that1547IN/thatthat states1548NNSstate can1549MDcan do1550VVdo independently1551RBindependently ?1552SENT? [MS. BLATT]1553LOC[MS. BLATT] So1554RBso let1555VVlet ...1556:... let1557VVlet me1558PPme be1559VBbe very1560RBvery clear1561JJclear how1562WRBhow narrow1563JJnarrow our1564PP$our argument1565NNargument is1566VBZbe .1567SENT. They1568PPthey have1569VHPhave four1570CDfour ...1571:... four1572CDfour claims1573NNSclaim of1574INof compensatory1575JJcompensatory damages1576NNSdamage and1577CCand punitive1578JJpunitive damages1579NNSdamage .1580SENT. So1581INso typical1582JJtypical state1583NNstate law1584NNlaw claims1585NNSclaim for1586INfor nuisance1587JJnuisance and1588CCand whatever1589WDTwhatever else1590NNelse they1591PPthey want1592VVPwant to1593TOto claim1594VVclaim for1595INfor damages1596NNSdamage is1597VBZbe fine1598JJfine .1599SENT. The1600DTthe objection1601NNobjection here1602RBhere is1603VBZbe that1604IN/thatthat the1605DTthe actual1606JJactual remedy1607NNremedy orders1608NNSorder Atlantic1609NPAtlantic Richfield1610NPRichfield to1611TOto pay1612VVpay Respondents1613NNSrespondent to1614TOto carry1615VVcarry out1616RPout their1617PP$their contrary1618JJcontrary plan1619NNplan and1620CCand that1621IN/thatthat Respondents1622NNSrespondent under1623INunder state1624NNstate law1625NNlaw must1626MDmust actually1627RBactually implement1628VVimplement the1629DTthe very1630JJvery plan1631NNplan that1632IN/thatthat Atlantic1633NPAtlantic Richfield1634NPRichfield would1635MDwould violate1636VVviolate federal1637JJfederal law1638NNlaw .1639SENT. So1640RBso this1641DTthis is1642VBZbe a1643DTa ...1644:... not1645RBnot only1646RBonly a1647DTa challenge1648NNchallenge and1649CCand not1650RBnot only1651RBonly its1652PP$its direct1653JJdirect remedial1654JJremedial action1655NNaction that1656WDTthat has1657VHZhave to1658TOto be1659VBbe taken1660VVNtake in1661INin violation1662NNviolation of1663INof 1221664CD@card@ ,1665,, but1666CCbut it1667PPit 's1668VBZbe the1669DTthe only1670JJonly claim1671NNclaim that1672WDTthat would1673MDwould meet1674VVmeet our1675PP$our standard1676NNstandard of1677INof conflict1678NNconflict preemption1679NNpreemption because1680INbecause it1681PPit requires1682VVZrequire Atlantic1683NPAtlantic Richfield1684NPRichfield to1685TOto effectuate1686VVeffectuate a1687DTa violation1688NNviolation of1689INof federal1690JJfederal law1691NNlaw ,1692,, either1693CCeither whether1694INwhether they1695PPthey hire1696VVPhire their1697PP$their own1698JJown employees1699NNSemployee or1700CCor whether1701INwhether they1702PPthey hire1703VVPhire the1704DTthe plaintiff1705NNplaintiff 's1706POS's employees1707NNSemployee and1708CCand put1709VVput a1710DTa different1711JJdifferent hard1712JJhard hat1713NNhat or1714CCor give1715VVgive them1716PPthem a1717DTa different1718JJdifferent ...1719:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1720LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Ms1721NNMs .1722SENT. Blatt1723NPBlatt ...1724:... [MS. BLATT]1725LOC[MS. BLATT] ...1726:... shovel1727NNshovel .1728SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1729LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...1730:... if1731INif ...1732:... if1733INif I1734PPI have1735VHPhave questions1736NNSquestion about1737INabout what1738WPwhat state1739NNstate law1740NNlaw requires1741VVZrequire ,1742,, because1743INbecause I1744PPI ...1745:... I1746PPI can1747MDcan 't1748RB't find1749VVfind anything1750NNanything in1751INin the1752DTthe state1753NNstate law1754NNlaw that1755WDTthat requires1756VVZrequire a1757DTa damages1758NNSdamage remedy1759VVPremedy to1760TOto be1761VBbe put1762VVNput in1763INin trust1764NNtrust for1765INfor the1766DTthe remediation1767NNremediation ,1768,, that1769WDTthat 's1770VBZbe what1771WPwhat the1772DTthe court1773NNcourt below1774RBbelow said1775VVDsay .1776SENT. I1777PPI know1778VVPknow that1779DTthat 's1780VBZbe what1781WPwhat it1782PPit said1783VVDsay .1784SENT. But1785CCbut I1786PPI can1787MDcan 't1788RB't find1789VVfind any1790DTany law1791NNlaw that1792WDTthat says1793VVZsay that1794DTthat 's1795VBZbe what1796WPwhat has1797VHZhave to1798TOto happen1799VVhappen ...1800:... [MS. BLATT]1801LOC[MS. BLATT] Uh-huh1802NPUh-huh .1803SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1804LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...1805:... number1806NNnumber one1807CDone .1808SENT. Number1809NNnumber two1810CDtwo ,1811,, I1812PPI can1813MDcan 't1814RB't find1815VVfind any1816DTany state1817NNstate law1818NNlaw requirement1819NNrequirement that1820IN/thatthat the1821DTthe Petitioner1822NNpetitioner has1823VHZhave to1824TOto prove1825VVprove that1826IN/thatthat they1827PPthey 're1828VBPbe going1829VVGgo to1830TOto actually1831RBactually use1832VVuse the1833DTthe money1834NNmoney they1835PPthey 're1836VBPbe awarded1837VVNaward for1838INfor the1839DTthe purposes1840NNSpurpose that1841WDTthat they1842PPthey claim1843VVPclaim .1844SENT. So1845RBso I1846PPI 'm1847VBPbe very1848RBvery confused1849VVNconfuse about1850INabout the1851DTthe state1852NNstate law1853NNlaw question1854NNquestion .1855SENT. [MS. BLATT]1856LOC[MS. BLATT] Yeah1857NPYeah .1858SENT. And1859CCand I1860PPI think1861VVPthink that1862WDTthat 's1863VBZbe all1864PDTall a1865DTa fair1866JJfair question1867NNquestion .1868SENT. And1869CCand ...1870:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1871LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] If1872INif it1873PPit is1874VBZbe a1875DTa fair1876JJfair question1877NNquestion ...1878:... [MS. BLATT]1879LOC[MS. BLATT] Yeah1880UHYeah ,1881,, I1882PPI was1883VBDbe going1884VVGgo to1885TOto answer1886VVanswer it1887PPit .1888SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1889LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...1890:... why1891WRBwhy is1892VBZbe it1893PPit preempted1894VVDpreempt ,1895,, meaning1896VVGmean why1897WRBwhy would1898MDwould n't1899RBn't I1900PPI just1901RBjust remand1902VVPremand this1903DTthis case1904NNcase and1905CCand say1906VVPsay you1907PPyou can1908MDcan 't1909RB't make1910VVmake ...1911:... you1912PPyou can1913MDcan 't1914RB't award1915NNaward damages1916NNSdamage unless1917INunless the1918DTthe other1919JJother side1920NNside proves1921VVZprove or1922CCor the1923DTthe side1924NNside claiming1925VVGclaim these1926DTthese damages1927NNSdamage proves1928VVZprove that1929IN/thatthat it1930PPit can1931MDcan get1932VVget EPA1933NPEPA approval1934NNapproval of1935INof whatever1936WDTwhatever it1937PPit wants1938VVZwant to1939TOto do1940VVdo ,1941,, and1942CCand that1943IN/thatthat it1944PPit will1945MDwill ,1946,, in1947INin fact1948NNfact ,1949,, only1950RBonly use1951VVuse that1952DTthat award1953NNaward for1954INfor those1955DTthose purposes1956NNSpurpose ?1957SENT? [MS. BLATT]1958LOC[MS. BLATT] Right1959RBright .1960SENT. So1961RBso ...1962:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1963LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] What1964WPWhat 's1965VBZbe wrong1966JJwrong with1967INwith a1968DTa ruling1969NNruling that1970WDTthat 's1971VBZbe just1972RBjust that1973DTthat basic1974NNbasic that1975WDTthat says1976VVZsay you1977PPyou can1978MDcan get1979VVget more1980JJRmore if1981INif you1982PPyou can1983MDcan prove1984VVprove the1985DTthe EPA1986NPEPA will1987MDwill give1988VVgive you1989PPyou more1990JJRmore ,1991,, as1992RBas simple1993JJsimple as1994INas that1995DTthat ?1996SENT? [MS. BLATT]1997LOC[MS. BLATT] So1998INso you1999PPyou know2000VVPknow ...2001:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2002LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] What2003WPWhat 's2004VBZbe wrong2005JJwrong with2006INwith that2007DTthat ...2008:... [MS. BLATT]2009LOC[MS. BLATT] Sure2010NPSure .2011SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2012LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...2013:... kind2014NNkind of2015INof opinion2016NNopinion ?2017SENT? [MS. BLATT]2018LOC[MS. BLATT] So2019INso you2020PPyou took2021VVDtake this2022DTthis case2023NNcase on2024INon the2025DTthe assumption2026NNassumption ...2027:... and2028CCand we2029PPwe cite2030VVPcite it2031PPit on2032INon page2033NNpage 162034CD@card@ of2035INof our2036PP$our reply2037NNreply brief2038NNbrief ...2039:... all2040PDTall the2041DTthe places2042NNSplace where2043WRBwhere the2044DTthe Respondent2045NNrespondent concedes2046VVZconcede ,2047,, and2048CCand the2049DTthe Montana2050NPMontana Supreme2051NPSupreme Court2052NPCourt expressly2053RBexpressly said2054VVDsay ,2055,, that2056IN/thatthat this2057DTthis money2058NNmoney has2059VHZhave to2060TOto be2061VBbe used2062VVNuse to2063TOto carry2064VVcarry out2065RPout the2066DTthe remedy2067NNremedy .2068SENT. And2069CCand that2070DTthat 's2071VBZbe the2072DTthe way2073NNway this2074DTthis case2075NNcase comes2076VVZcome up2077RPup .2078SENT. If2079INif you2080PPyou want2081VVPwant to2082TOto know2083VVknow the2084DTthe reason2085NNreason for2086INfor Sunburst2087NNsunburst ,2088,, it2089PPit 's2090VBZbe because2091INbecause of2092INof the2093DTthe reason2094NNreason is2095VBZbe personal2096JJpersonal .2097SENT. So2098RBso ,2099,, if2100INif you2101PPyou own2102VVPown a2103DTa property2104NNproperty and2105CCand love2106VVlove it2107PPit so2108RBso much2109RBmuch and2110CCand you2111PPyou do2112VVPdo n't2113RBn't have2114VHhave any2115DTany damages2116NNSdamage ,2117,, the2118DTthe whole2119JJwhole point2120NNpoint of2121INof the2122DTthe restoration2123NNrestoration remedy2124NNremedy to2125TOto avoid2126VVavoid the2127DTthe windfall2128NNwindfall is2129VBZbe you2130PPyou have2131VHPhave to2132TOto spend2133VVspend the2134DTthe money2135NNmoney .2136SENT. So2137RBso I2138PPI 'm2139VBPbe quite2140RBquite confident2141JJconfident that2142IN/thatthat I2143PPI 'm2144VBPbe accurately2145RBaccurately stating2146VVGstate Montana2147NPMontana law2148NNlaw and2149CCand that2150IN/thatthat Respondents2151NNSrespondent never2152RBnever argued2153VVDargue to2154TOto the2155DTthe contrary2156NNcontrary .2157SENT. And2158CCand in2159INin our2160PP$our reply2161NNreply brief2162NNbrief ,2163,, again2164RBagain ,2165,, we2166PPwe cite2167VVPcite all2168PDTall the2169DTthe concessions2170NNSconcession ,2171,, including2172VVGinclude ,2173,, I2174PPI think2175VVPthink ,2176,, the2177DTthe opinion2178NNopinion below2179INbelow in2180INin three2181CDthree places2182NNSplace says2183VVZsay the2184DTthe money2185NNmoney has2186VHZhave to2187TOto go2188VVgo to2189TOto a2190DTa trustee2191NNtrustee and2192CCand that2193IN/thatthat money2194NNmoney has2195VHZhave to2196TOto be2197VBbe spent2198VVNspend on2199INon the2200DTthe cleanup2201NNcleanup .2202SENT. And2203CCand I2204PPI 'm2205VBPbe agreeing2206VVGagree with2207INwith you2208PPyou that2209IN/thatthat key2210JJkey to2211TOto the2212DTthe preemption2213NNpreemption argument2214NNargument is2215VBZbe that2216IN/thatthat under2217INunder state2218NNstate law2219NNlaw ,2220,, they2221PPthey will2222MDwill be2223VBbe forced2224VVNforce to2225TOto carry2226VVcarry out2227RPout a2228DTa remedy2229NNremedy that2230WDTthat would2231MDwould violate2232VVviolate EPA2233NPEPA 's2234POS's orders2235NNSorder ,2236,, these2237DTthese administrative2238JJadministrative orders2239NNSorder ,2240,, if2241INif we2242PPwe carried2243VVDcarry it2244PPit out2245INout itself2246PPitself .2247SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2248LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] So2249INso what2250WPwhat 's2251VBZbe wrong2252JJwrong with2253INwith an2254DTan opinion2255NNopinion that2256IN/thatthat we2257PPwe write2258VVPwrite that2259DTthat says2260VVZsay what2261WPwhat you2262PPyou 're2263VBPbe missing2264VVGmiss is2265VBZbe the2266DTthe next2267JJnext step2268NNstep .2269SENT. You2270PPyou have2271VHPhave to2272TOto be2273VBbe able2274JJable to2275TOto show2276VVshow that2277IN/thatthat that2278DTthat remediation2279NNremediation will2280MDwill be2281VBbe approved2282VVNapprove .2283SENT. [MS. BLATT]2284LOC[MS. BLATT] Yeah2285NPYeah .2286SENT. So2287RBso ...2288:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2289LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] So2290RBso ,2291,, if2292INif ...2293:... if2294INif that2295WDTthat 's2296VBZbe their2297PP$their burden2298NNburden ,2299,, why2300WRBwhy do2301VVPdo we2302PPwe need2303VVPneed to2304TOto go2305VVgo any2306DTany further2307RBRfurther ?2308SENT? [MS. BLATT]2309LOC[MS. BLATT] So2310INso I2311PPI ...2312:... two2313CDtwo responses2314NNSresponse .2315SENT. So2316RBso ,2317,, right2318RBright now2319RBnow ,2320,, they2321PPthey do2322VVPdo n't2323RBn't have2324VHhave federal2325JJfederal permission2326NNpermission .2327SENT. And2328CCand under2329INunder Section2330NPSection 1222331CD@card@ ,2332,, you2333PPyou have2334VHPhave to2335TOto take2336VVtake federal2337JJfederal ...2338:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2339LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I2340PPI did2341VVDdo n't2342RBn't say2343VVsay ...2344:... [MS. BLATT]2345LOC[MS. BLATT] We2346PPwe 're2347VBPbe talking2348VVGtalk about2349RBabout ...2350:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2351LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...2352:... they2353PPthey have2354VHPhave to2355TOto show2356VVshow that2357IN/thatthat they2358PPthey will2359MDwill get2360VVget EPA2361NPEPA approval2362NNapproval .2363SENT. [MS. BLATT]2364LOC[MS. BLATT] And2365CCand all2366RBall I2367PPI 'm2368VBPbe saying2369VVGsay is2370VBZbe you2371PPyou know2372VVPknow today2373NNtoday .2374SENT. Let2375VVlet me2376PPme just2377RBjust make2378VVPmake one2379CDone other2380JJother point2381NNpoint as2382INas a2383DTa practical2384JJpractical matter2385NNmatter .2386SENT. This2387DTthis is2388VBZbe not2389RBnot a2390DTa case2391NNcase in2392INin its2393PP$its infancy2394NNinfancy .2395SENT. It2396PPit was2397VBDbe cooked2398VVNcook .2399SENT. It2400PPit was2401VBDbe about2402RBabout to2403TOto go2404VVgo to2405TOto trial2406NNtrial .2407SENT. It2408PPit was2409VBDbe three2410CDthree weeks2411NNSweek away2412RBaway from2413INfrom jury2414NNjury selection2415NNselection when2416WRBwhen the2417DTthe court2418NNcourt got2419VVDget stayed2420VVNstay .2421SENT. We2422PPwe know2423VVPknow they2424PPthey 're2425VBPbe going2426VVGgo to2427TOto trial2428NNtrial and2429CCand the2430DTthe whole2431JJwhole case2432NNcase is2433VBZbe about2434RBabout whether2435INwhether a2436DTa different2437JJdifferent remedy2438NNremedy should2439MDshould be2440VBbe put2441VVNput on2442RPon .2443SENT. And2444CCand we2445PPwe know2446VVPknow under2447INunder state2448NNstate law2449NNlaw ,2450,, because2451INbecause they2452PPthey 've2453VHPhave conceded2454VVNconcede it2455PPit ,2456,, that2457IN/thatthat they2458PPthey have2459VHPhave to2460TOto carry2461VVcarry out2462RPout that2463DTthat remedy2464NNremedy .2465SENT. And2466CCand we2467PPwe know2468VVPknow they2469PPthey do2470VVPdo n't2471RBn't have2472VHhave EPA2473NPEPA 's2474POS's permission2475NNpermission .2476SENT. So2477RBso you2478PPyou not2479RBnot only2480RBonly know2481VVknow two2482CDtwo things2483NNSthing .2484SENT. You2485PPyou know2486VVPknow ,2487,, again2488RBagain ,2489,, it2490PPit 's2491VBZbe conceded2492VVNconcede that2493IN/thatthat the2494DTthe remedy2495NNremedy seeks2496VVZseek something2497NNsomething different2498JJdifferent ,2499,, and2500CCand it2501PPit would2502MDwould require2503VVrequire a2504DTa change2505NNchange in2506INin federal2507JJfederal law2508NNlaw .2509SENT. And2510CCand you2511PPyou know2512VVPknow they2513PPthey never2514RBnever got2515VVDget EPA2516NPEPA 's2517POS's permission2518NNpermission .2519SENT. And2520CCand I2521PPI guess2522VVPguess this2523DTthis is2524VBZbe assuming2525VVGassume we2526PPwe 're2527VBPbe not2528RBnot even2529RBeven getting2530VVGget ...2531:... [JUSTICE BREYER]2532LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] The2533DTthe answer2534NNanswer ...2535:... the2536DTthe answer2537NNanswer ,2538,, I2539PPI think2540VVPthink ,2541,, is2542VBZbe this2543DTthis right2544NNright ,2545,, to2546TOto the2547DTthe question2548NNquestion ,2549,, which2550WDTwhich is2551VBZbe a2552DTa question2553NNquestion I2554PPI had2555VHDhave ,2556,, too2557RBtoo ,2558,, is2559VBZbe that2560IN/thatthat in2561INin order2562NNorder to2563TOto bring2564VVbring an2565DTan action2566NNaction where2567WRBwhere the2568DTthe result2569NNresult will2570MDwill be2571VBbe an2572DTan order2573NNorder to2574TOto do2575VVdo certain2576JJcertain things2577NNSthing ,2578,, dig2579NNdig dirt2580NNdirt or2581CCor do2582VVdo physical2583JJphysical things2584NNSthing ,2585,, if2586INif they2587PPthey are2588VBPbe a2589DTa potentially2590RBpotentially responsible2591JJresponsible party2592NNparty ,2593,, they2594PPthey have2595VHPhave to2596TOto show2597VVshow not2598RBnot that2599IN/thatthat EPA2600NPEPA might2601MDmight approve2602VVapprove it2603PPit ,2604,, but2605CCbut what2606WPwhat it2607PPit says2608VVZsay is2609VBZbe unless2610INunless such2611JJsuch remedial2612JJremedial action2613NNaction ,2614,, which2615WDTwhich is2616VBZbe the2617DTthe reaction2618NNreaction they2619PPthey 're2620VBPbe seeking2621VVGseek ,2622,, has2623VHZhave been2624VBNbe authorized2625VVNauthorize by2626INby EPA2627NPEPA .2628SENT. [MS. BLATT]2629LOC[MS. BLATT] And2630CCand you2631PPyou know2632VVPknow today2633NNtoday that2634WDTthat ...2635:... [JUSTICE BREYER]2636LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] It2637PPit has2638VHZhave not2639RBnot .2640SENT. [MS. BLATT]2641LOC[MS. BLATT] ...2642:... not2643RBnot only2644RBonly has2645VHZhave it2646PPit not2647RBnot been2648VBNbe ,2649,, they2650PPthey never2651RBnever ask2652VVPask EPA2653NPEPA .2654SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]2655LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] And2656CCand ,2657,, therefore2658RBtherefore ,2659,, what2660WPwhat we2661PPwe should2662MDshould do2663VVdo if2664INif you2665PPyou are2666VBPbe right2667RBright on2668INon the2669DTthe potentially2670RBpotentially responsible2671JJresponsible party2672NNparty is2673VBZbe we2674PPwe should2675MDshould send2676VVsend it2677PPit back2678RBback and2679CCand say2680VVPsay they2681PPthey have2682VHPhave to2683TOto get2684VVget that2685DTthat permission2686NNpermission from2687INfrom EPA2688NPEPA .2689SENT. And2690CCand there2691EXthere is2692VBZbe no2693DTno need2694NNneed to2695TOto answer2696VVanswer the2697DTthe other2698JJother questions2699NNSquestion .2700SENT. Is2701VBZbe that2702IN/thatthat right2703JJright or2704CCor wrong2705JJwrong ?2706SENT? [MS. BLATT]2707LOC[MS. BLATT] That2708DTthat 's2709VBZbe wrong2710JJwrong and2711CCand I2712PPI disagree2713VVPdisagree .2714SENT. You2715PPyou already2716RBalready know2717VVPknow today2718NNtoday they2719PPthey do2720VVPdo n't2721RBn't have2722VHhave it2723PPit .2724SENT. And2725CCand just2726RBjust as2727INas the2728DTthe case2729NNcase sits2730VVZsit today2731NNtoday ,2732,, whether2733INwhether they2734PPthey could2735MDcould have2736VHhave brought2737VVNbring some2738DTsome separate2739JJseparate federal2740JJfederal lawsuit2741NNlawsuit after2742INafter they2743PPthey asked2744VVDask EPA2745NPEPA ...2746:... excuse2747VVexcuse me2748PPme ,2749,, state2750NNstate lawsuit2751NNlawsuit ,2752,, but2753CCbut you2754PPyou already2755RBalready know2756VVPknow today2757NNtoday that2758IN/thatthat they2759PPthey never2760RBnever asked2761VVDask for2762INfor it2763PPit .2764SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]2765LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Yeah2766NPYeah .2767SENT. That2768DTthat 's2769VBZbe why2770WRBwhy I2771PPI say2772VVPsay we2773PPwe 'd2774MDwould send2775VVsend it2776PPit back2777RBback ,2778,, they2779PPthey do2780VVPdo not2781RBnot meet2782VVmeet that2783DTthat requirement2784NNrequirement if2785INif they2786PPthey are2787VBPbe potentially2788RBpotentially responsible2789JJresponsible parties2790NNSparty ,2791,, so2792RBso dismiss2793VVdismiss the2794DTthe case2795NNcase .2796SENT. Now2797RBnow ,2798,, if2799INif that2800DTthat ...2801:... if2802INif you2803PPyou win2804VVPwin in2805INin that2806DTthat respect2807NNrespect ,2808,, I2809PPI 'm2810VBPbe asking2811VVGask if2812INif there2813EXthere is2814VBZbe a2815DTa need2816NNneed to2817TOto reach2818VVreach the2819DTthe other2820JJother two2821CDtwo questions2822NNSquestion .2823SENT. [MS. BLATT]2824LOC[MS. BLATT] Okay2825NPOkay .2826SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]2827LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] I2828PPI suspect2829VVPsuspect there2830EXthere is2831VBZbe n't2832RBn't ,2833,, but2834CCbut am2835VBPbe I2836PPI right2837JJright ?2838SENT? [MS. BLATT]2839LOC[MS. BLATT] Yes2840NPYes .2841SENT. If2842INif you2843PPyou rule2844VVPrule for2845INfor us2846PPus under2847INunder Section2848NPSection 1222849CD@card@ that2850IN/thatthat they2851PPthey can2852MDcan 't2853RB't carry2854VVcarry out2855RPout their2856PP$their restoration2857NNrestoration remedy2858NNremedy because2859INbecause they2860PPthey do2861VVPdo n't2862RBn't have2863VHhave EPA2864NPEPA 's2865POS's permission2866NNpermission ,2867,, then2868RBthen that2869DTthat 's2870VBZbe sufficient2871JJsufficient to2872TOto resolve2873VVresolve the2874DTthe case2875NNcase .2876SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]2877LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Fine2878NPFine .2879SENT. Now2880RBnow they2881PPthey say2882VVPsay they2883PPthey are2884VBPbe not2885RBnot potentially2886RBpotentially responsible2887JJresponsible parties2888NNSparty ,2889,, but2890CCbut you2891PPyou say2892VVPsay they2893PPthey are2894VBPbe .2895SENT. Why2896WRBwhy ?2897SENT? [MS. BLATT]2898LOC[MS. BLATT] Because2899INbecause in2900INin three2901CDthree ...2902:... because2903INbecause they2904PPthey are2905VBPbe landowners2906NNSlandowner with2907INwith ...2908:... with2909INwith hazardous2910JJhazardous waste2911NNwaste on2912INon a2913DTa Superfund2914NPSuperfund site2915NNsite .2916SENT. And2917CCand three2918CDthree provisions2919NNSprovision textually2920RBtextually equate2921VVPequate all2922DTall persons2923NNSperson who2924WPwho are2925VBPbe owners2926NNSowner and2927CCand operators2928NNSoperator under2929INunder 1072930CD@card@ because2931INbecause they2932PPthey own2933VVPown land2934NNland on2935INon a2936DTa Superfund2937NPSuperfund site2938NNsite .2939SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]2940LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] But2941CCbut they2942PPthey say2943VVPsay they2944PPthey are2945VBPbe not2946RBnot potentially2947RBpotentially responsible2948JJresponsible .2949SENT. Perhaps2950RBperhaps they2951PPthey were2952VBDbe potentially2953RBpotentially responsible2954JJresponsible ,2955,, but2956CCbut they2957PPthey are2958VBPbe not2959RBnot potentially2960RBpotentially responsible2961JJresponsible because2962INbecause EPA2963NPEPA and2964CCand everybody2965NNeverybody else2966RBelse has2967VHZhave told2968VVNtell them2969PPthem they2970PPthey 're2971VBPbe not2972RBnot responsible2973JJresponsible .2974SENT. [MS. BLATT]2975LOC[MS. BLATT] So2976RBso no2977RBno ,2978,, and2979CCand here2980RBhere is2981VBZbe why2982WRBwhy :2983:: Potentially2984RBpotentially responsible2985JJresponsible parties2986NNSparty has2987VHZhave always2988RBalways been2989VBNbe understood2990VVNunderstand by2991INby this2992DTthis Court2993NPCourt and2994CCand everyone2995NNeveryone else2996RBelse as2997INas a2998DTa status2999NNstatus ,3000,, not3001RBnot whether3002INwhether you3003PPyou could3004MDcould be3005VBbe liable3006JJliable .3007SENT. And3008CCand their3009PP$their rule3010NNrule that3011WDTthat says3012VVZsay could3013MDcould you3014PPyou be3015VBbe liable3016JJliable at3017INat any3018DTany given3019VVNgive point3020NNpoint in3021INin time3022NNtime is3023VBZbe not3024RBnot only3025RBonly unheard3026JJunheard of3027INof ,3028,, it3029PPit 's3030VBZbe unworkable3031JJunworkable ,3032,, because3033INbecause you3034PPyou would3035MDwould never3036RBnever know3037VVknow whether3038INwhether a3039DTa court3040NNcourt would3041MDwould accept3042VVaccept a3043DTa defense3044NNdefense ,3045,, including3046VVGinclude ...3047:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3048LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Whether3049INwhether they3050PPthey were3051VBDbe or3052CCor they3053PPthey were3054VBDbe n't3055RBn't potentially3056RBpotentially responsible3057JJresponsible parties3058NNSparty ,3059,, they3060PPthey are3061VBPbe landowners3062NNSlandowner ,3063,, correct3064JJcorrect ?3065SENT? And3066CCand do3067VVPdo I3068PPI understand3069VVPunderstand correctly3070RBcorrectly ,3071,, whether3072INwhether they3073PPthey 're3074VBPbe PRPs3075NNSPRPs or3076CCor not3077RBnot ,3078,, if3079INif they3080PPthey 're3081VBPbe landowners3082NNSlandowner ,3083,, they3084PPthey can3085MDcan 't3086RB't take3087VVtake any3088DTany ...3089:... they3090PPthey can3091MDcan 't3092RB't make3093VVmake any3094DTany change3095NNchange without3096INwithout EPA3097NPEPA approval3098NNapproval ?3099SENT? [MS. BLATT]3100LOC[MS. BLATT] They3101PPthey can3102MDcan 't3103RB't take3104VVtake a3105DTa statutorily3106RBstatutorily defined3107VVNdefine term3108NNterm called3109VVDcall remedial3110JJremedial action3111NNaction that3112WDTthat 's3113VBZbe defined3114VVNdefine in3115INin 1013116CD@card@ /3117SYM/ 243118CD@card@ ,3119,, and3120CCand it3121PPit defines3122VVZdefine what3123WPwhat a3124DTa remedial3125JJremedial action3126NNaction is3127VBZbe .3128SENT. So3129RBso they3130PPthey can3131MDcan do3132VVdo ordinary3133JJordinary things3134NNSthing to3135TOto their3136PP$their property3137NNproperty .3138SENT. They3139PPthey can3140MDcan 't3141RB't do3142VVPdo the3143DTthe major3144JJmajor upheaval3145NNupheaval of3146INof 500,0003147CD@card@ tons3148NNSton and3149CCand ...3150:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3151LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Whether3152INwhether the3153DTthe PRP3154NPPRP is3155VBZbe responsible3156JJresponsible to3157TOto someone3158NNsomeone else3159RBelse or3160CCor to3161TOto the3162DTthe EPA3163NPEPA ,3164,, whether3165INwhether they3166PPthey 're3167VBPbe continuous3168JJcontinuous landowners3169NNSlandowner or3170CCor something3171NNsomething else3172NNelse that3173WDTthat exempts3174VVZexempt them3175PPthem ,3176,, that3177WDTthat ...3178:... that3179WDTthat 's3180VBZbe my3181PP$my bottom3182JJbottom line3183NNline ,3184,, which3185WDTwhich is3186VBZbe the3187DTthe mere3188JJmere fact3189NNfact that3190IN/thatthat they3191PPthey want3192VVPwant to3193TOto take3194VVtake some3195DTsome action3196NNaction on3197INon their3198PP$their land3199NNland that3200WDTthat 's3201VBZbe remedial3202JJremedial ,3203,, they3204PPthey would3205MDwould have3206VHhave to3207TOto get3208VVget EPA3209NPEPA approval3210NNapproval ?3211SENT? [MS. BLATT]3212LOC[MS. BLATT] Absolutely3213RBabsolutely .3214SENT. And3215CCand PRP3216NPPRP status3217NNstatus ,3218,, it3219PPit does3220VVZdo n't3221RBn't ...3222:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3223LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Can3224MDcan you3225PPyou point3226VVpoint me3227PPme to3228TOto the3229DTthe provision3230NNprovision that3231WDTthat says3232VVZsay that3233IN/thatthat ,3234,, that3235WDTthat says3236VVZsay whether3237INwhether they3238PPthey 're3239VBPbe PRPs3240NNSPRPs or3241CCor not3242RBnot ,3243,, as3244RBas long3245RBlong as3246INas they3247PPthey 're3248VBPbe landowners3249NNSlandowner ,3250,, if3251INif they3252PPthey 're3253VBPbe going3254VVGgo to3255TOto take3256VVtake any3257DTany remedial3258JJremedial action3259NNaction on3260INon their3261PP$their property3262NNproperty ?3263SENT? [MS. BLATT]3264LOC[MS. BLATT] So3265INso 1223266CD@card@ (3267(( e3268LSe )3269)) (3270(( 63271CD6 )3272)) is3273VBZbe the3274DTthe one3275CDone that3276WDTthat says3277VVZsay PRPs3278NNSPRPs have3279VHPhave to3280TOto have3281VHhave EPA3282NPEPA 's3283POS's permission3284NNpermission for3285INfor any3286DTany remedial3287JJremedial action3288NNaction .3289SENT. And3290CCand then3291RBthen the3292DTthe 1073293CD@card@ ,3294,, 1223295CD@card@ (3296(( a3297DTa )3298)) ,3299,, 63300CD6 1223301CD@card@ (3302(( e3303LSe )3304)) (3305(( 13306LS1 )3307)) and3308CCand 1053309CD@card@ (3310(( h3311NNh )3312)) (3313(( 43314LS4 )3315)) ...3316:... (3317(( h3318NNh )3319)) ...3320:... excuse3321VVexcuse me3322PPme ,3323,, (3324(( h3325NNh )3326)) (3327(( 43328LS4 )3329)) (3330(( A3331NPA )3332)) is3333VBZbe the3334DTthe one3335CDone that3336WDTthat defines3337VVZdefine or3338CCor equates3339VVZequate owners3340NNSowner and3341CCand operators3342NNSoperator under3343INunder 1073344CD@card@ with3345INwith PRP3346NPPRP status3347NNstatus .3348SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]3349LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Thank3350VVthank you3351PPyou ,3352,, counsel3353NNcounsel .3354SENT. Mr3355NPMr .3356SENT. Michel3357NPMichel .3358SENT.