<s> /Users/loicliegeois/TXM-0.8.1/treetagger-models/en.par /Users/loicliegeois/TXM-0.8.1/corpora/SUPREMECOURTUSV4-3/ptreetagger/Culbertson.xml-src.tt /Users/loicliegeois/TXM-0.8.1/corpora/SUPREMECOURTUSV4-3/treetagger/Culbertson.xml-out.tt pos tagset built from model /Users/loicliegeois/TXM-0.8.1/treetagger-models/en.par en lemma of the model /Users/loicliegeois/TXM-0.8.1/treetagger-models/en.par - [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]1LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] We2PPwe 'll3MDwill hear4VVhear argument5NNargument next6JJnext in7INin Case8NPCase 17-7739CD@card@ ,10,, Culbertson11NPCulbertson versus12CCversus Berryhill13NPBerryhill .14SENT. Mr15NPMr .16SENT. Ortiz17NPOrtiz .18SENT.

[MR. ORTIZ]19LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Mr20NPMr .21SENT. Chief22NPChief Justice23NPJustice ,24,, and25CCand may26MDmay it27PPit please28VVplease the29DTthe Court30NPCourt :31:: This32DTthis case33NNcase turns34VVZturn on35INon the36DTthe meaning37NNmeaning of38INof two39CDtwo words40NNSword in41INin Section42NPSection 40643CD@card@ (44(( b45LSb )46)) ,47,, "48``" such49JJsuch representation50NNrepresentation .51SENT. "52``" Do53VVPdo they54PPthey refer55VVPrefer to56TOto work57VVwork done58VVNdo only59RBonly before60INbefore the61DTthe court62NNcourt ,63,, the64DTthe only65JJonly representation66NNrepresentation discussed67VVNdiscuss in68INin Section69NPSection 40670CD@card@ (71(( b72LSb )73)) itself74PPitself ,75,, or76CCor do77VVPdo they78PPthey also79RBalso include80VVPinclude work81NNwork done82VVNdo before83INbefore the84DTthe agency85NNagency ,86,, which87WDTwhich is88VBZbe subject89JJsubject to90TOto a91DTa separate92JJseparate award93NNaward mechanism94NNmechanism in95INin Section96NPSection 1897CD@card@ 40698CD@card@ (99(( a100DTa )101)) ?102SENT? In103INin this104DTthis case105NNcase ,106,, Your107PP$your Honors108NNShonors ,109,, the110DTthe statute111NNstatute 's112POS's text113NNtext ,114,, its115PP$its structure116NNstructure ,117,, its118PP$its purposes119NNSpurpose ,120,, and121CCand its122PP$its history123NNhistory all124RBall confirm125VVPconfirm that126IN/thatthat Section127NPSection 406128CD@card@ (129(( b130LSb )131)) 's132POS's cap133NNcap applies134VVZapply only135RBonly to136TOto work137VVwork done138VVNdo in139INin court140NNcourt .141SENT. First142RBfirst ,143,, the144DTthe text145NNtext :146:: Section147NNsection 406148CD@card@ (149(( b150LSb )151)) references152VVZreference explicitly153RBexplicitly and154CCand only155RBonly work156VVwork done157VVNdo in158INin the159DTthe court160NNcourt .161SENT. It162PPit 's163VBZbe a164DTa single165JJsingle sentence166NNsentence .167SENT. It168PPit says169VVZsay whenever170WRBwhenever a171DTa court172NNcourt renders173VVZrender a174DTa judgment175NNjudgment favorable176JJfavorable to177TOto a178DTa claimant179NNclaimant who180WPwho is181VBZbe represented182VVNrepresent before183INbefore the184DTthe court185NNcourt by186INby an187DTan attorney188NNattorney ,189,, the190DTthe court191NNcourt may192MDmay allow193VVallow a194DTa reasonable195JJreasonable fee196NNfee for197INfor such198JJsuch representation199NNrepresentation .200SENT. The201DTthe dictionary202NNdictionary meaning203NNmeaning of204INof the205DTthe word206NNword "207``" such208JJsuch ,209,, "210''" of211INof the212DTthe sort213NNsort previously214RBpreviously mentioned215VVNmention ,216,, confirms217VVZconfirm what218WPwhat is219VBZbe commonsensical220JJcommonsensical .221SENT. So222RBso does223VVZdo the224DTthe doctrine225NNdoctrine of226INof the227DTthe canon228NNcanon of229INof expressio230NNexpressio unius231NNunius .232SENT. Section233NNsection 406234CD@card@ (235(( a236DTa )237)) ,238,, by239INby contrast240NNcontrast ,241,, speaks242VVZspeak of243INof work244NNwork done245VVNdo before246INbefore the247DTthe commissioner248NNcommissioner .249SENT. Section250NNsection 406251CD@card@ (252(( b253LSb )254)) speaks255VVZspeak only256RBonly of257INof work258NNwork done259VVNdo before260INbefore the261DTthe court262NNcourt .263SENT. Congress264NPCongress also265RBalso ,266,, Your267PP$your Honor268NPHonor ,269,, knew270VVDknow how271WRBhow to272TOto create273VVcreate an274DTan aggregate275JJaggregate cap276NNcap if277INif it278PPit wanted279VVDwant to280TOto .281SENT. In282INin Section283NPSection 406284CD@card@ (285(( a286DTa )287)) (288(( 2289LS2 )290)) (291(( C292NPC )293)) ,294,, it295PPit creates296VVZcreate an297DTan aggregate298JJaggregate cap299NNcap for300INfor claims301NNSclaim in302INin cases303NNScase involving304VVGinvolve both305DTboth claims306NNSclaim under307INunder Title308NPTitle 2309CD2 and310CCand Title311NPTitle 16312CD@card@ ,313,, and314CCand it315PPit uses316VVZuse the317DTthe words318NNSword "319''" in320INin the321DTthe aggregate322NNaggregate .323SENT. "324''" Congress325NPCongress likewise326RBlikewise knew327VVDknow how328WRBhow to329TOto create330VVcreate offsets331NNSoffset ,332,, as333INas it334PPit did335VVDdo in336INin the337DTthe Equal338NPEqual Access339NPAccess to340TOto Justice341NPJustice Act342NPAct .343SENT. Also344RBalso ,345,, Your346PP$your Honors347NNShonors ,348,, the349DTthe structure350NNstructure of351INof the352DTthe Act353NPAct makes354VVZmake this355DTthis clear356JJclear .357SENT. In358INin Gisbrecht359NPGisbrecht ,360,, this361DTthis Court362NPCourt defined363VVNdefine ...364:... said365VVDsay that366IN/thatthat the367DTthe statute368NNstatute handles369VVZhandle discretely370RBdiscretely claims371NNSclaim for372INfor work373NNwork before374INbefore the375DTthe agency376NNagency and377CCand claims378NNSclaim before379INbefore the380DTthe court381NNcourt .382SENT. [JUSTICE GINSBURG]383LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] Can384MDcan I385PPI ask386VVask you387PPyou a388DTa question389NNquestion about390INabout the391DTthe ...392:... the393DTthe cap394NNcap ?395SENT? You396PPyou 're397VBPbe saying398VVGsay there399EXthere 's400VBZbe a401DTa cap402NNcap in403INin (404(( b405LSb )406)) and407CCand that408DTthat applies409VVZapply to410TOto court411NNcourt services412NNSservice ,413,, not414RBnot to415TOto services416NNSservice before417INbefore the418DTthe agency419NNagency .420SENT. But421CCbut is422VBZbe there423RBthere a424DTa ...425:... a426DTa cap427NNcap on428INon the429DTthe amount430NNamount that431WDTthat can432MDcan be433VBbe taken434VVNtake from435INfrom the436DTthe plaintiff437NNplaintiff 's438POS's recovery439NNrecovery ?440SENT? That441DTthat is442VBZbe ,443,, let444VVlet 's445VBZbe say446VVsay that447WDTthat we448PPwe ...449:... we450PPwe agree451VVPagree with452INwith you453PPyou that454IN/thatthat the455DTthe (456(( b457LSb )458)) cap459NNcap is460VBZbe for461INfor court462NNcourt only463RBonly .464SENT. It465PPit does466VVZdo n't467RBn't apply468VVapply to469TOto administrative470JJadministrative services471NNSservice .472SENT. Can473MDcan more474RBRmore be475VBbe taken476VVNtake from477INfrom the478DTthe plaintiff479NNplaintiff 's480POS's recovery481NNrecovery than482INthan ,483,, what484WPwhat is485VBZbe it486PPit ,487,, percent488NNpercent ?489SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]490LOC[MR. ORTIZ] No491NPNo ,492,, Justice493NPJustice Ginsburg494NPGinsburg .495SENT. The496DTthe agency497NNagency has498VHZhave taken499VVNtake the500DTthe position501NNposition ,502,, which503WDTwhich is504VBZbe not505RBnot contested506VVNcontest in507INin this508DTthis litigation509NNlitigation ,510,, that511IN/thatthat there512EXthere 's513VBZbe a514DTa separate515JJseparate 25516CD@card@ percent517NNpercent pay518NNpay cap519NNcap which520WDTwhich applied521VVDapply .522SENT. They523PPthey will524MDwill set525VVset aside526RPaside the527DTthe amount528NNamount of529INof past-due530JJpast-due benefits531NNSbenefit and532CCand withhold533VVwithhold the534DTthe 25535CD@card@ percent536NNpercent for537INfor the538DTthe payment539NNpayment of540INof attorney541NNattorney 's542POS's fees543NNSfee under544INunder both545DTboth 406546CD@card@ (547(( b548LSb )549)) and550CCand 406551CD@card@ (552(( a553DTa )554)) .555SENT. So556RBso that557DTthat is558VBZbe an559DTan upward560JJupward limit561NNlimit in562INin this563DTthis case564NNcase .565SENT. This566DTthis case567NNcase ...568:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]569LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I570PPI do571VVPdo have572VHhave a573DTa question574NNquestion about575INabout that576DTthat .577SENT. I578PPI 'm579VBPbe troubled580VVNtrouble by581INby the582DTthe idea583NNidea of584INof attorneys585NNSattorney attempting586VVGattempt to587TOto collect588VVcollect fees589NNSfee directly590RBdirectly from591INfrom their592PP$their clients593NNSclient .594SENT. Now595RBnow I596PPI understand597VVPunderstand from598INfrom the599DTthe briefing600NNbriefing that601IN/thatthat you602PPyou can603MDcan 't604RB't garnish605NNgarnish disability606NNdisability benefits607NNSbenefit ,608,, so609RBso if610INif you611PPyou do612VVPdo n't613RBn't get614VVget paid615VVNpay your616PP$your percentage617NNpercentage ,618,, you619PPyou can620MDcan 't621RB't garnish622NNgarnish disability623NNdisability benefits624NNSbenefit .625SENT. But626CCbut how627WRBhow can628MDcan you629PPyou collect630VVcollect otherwise631RBotherwise ?632SENT? You633PPyou do634VVPdo n't635RBn't collect636VVcollect over637INover the638DTthe fund639NNfund that640IN/thatthat Justice641NPJustice Ginsburg642NPGinsburg is643VBZbe describing644VVGdescribe .645SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]646LOC[MR. ORTIZ] No647NPNo ,648,, Your649PP$your Honor650NPHonor ...651:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]652LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] The653DTthe retained654JJretained amount655NNamount .656SENT. Do657VVPdo n't658RBn't you659PPyou think660VVPthink that661IN/thatthat Congress662NPCongress would663MDwould n't664RBn't have665VHhave wanted666VVNwant Social667NPSocial Security668NPSecurity recipients669NNSrecipient to670TOto be671VBbe hounded672VVNhound by673INby collection674NNcollection efforts675NNSeffort ?676SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]677LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Well678UHWell ,679,, Your680PP$your Honor681NPHonor ,682,, first683RBfirst ,684,, I685PPI want686VVPwant to687TOto correct688VVcorrect what689WPwhat may690MDmay be691VBbe a692DTa misconception693NNmisconception .694SENT. It695PPit is696VBZbe not697RBnot the698DTthe case699NNcase that700IN/thatthat when701WRBwhen the702DTthe 25703CD@card@ percent704NNpercent authorization705NNauthorization cap706NNcap is707VBZbe used708VVNuse up709RPup ,710,, that711DTthat attorneys712NNSattorney ,713,, if714INif they715PPthey want716VVPwant to717TOto recover718VVrecover fees719NNSfee beyond720INbeyond that721DTthat ,722,, would723MDwould ...724:... beyond725INbeyond the726DTthe amount727NNamount withheld728VVDwithhold ,729,, would730MDwould actually731RBactually have732VHhave to733TOto go734VVgo against735INagainst the736DTthe claimant737NNclaimant directly738RBdirectly .739SENT. In740INin any741DTany case742NNcase ,743,, when744WRBwhen there745EXthere is746VBZbe an747DTan EAJA748NPEAJA award749NNaward ,750,, as751INas there752EXthere are753VBPbe in754INin over755INover 40756CD@card@ percent757NNpercent of758INof these759DTthese cases760NNScase ,761,, and762CCand the763DTthe EAJA764NPEAJA award765NNaward is766VBZbe equal767JJequal to768TOto or769CCor exceeds770VVZexceed the771DTthe 406772CD@card@ (773(( a774DTa )775)) award776NNaward ,777,, the778DTthe attorney779NNattorney can780MDcan actually781RBactually get782VVget the783DTthe money784NNmoney from785INfrom the786DTthe amount787NNamount that788IN/thatthat the789DTthe agency790NNagency is791VBZbe still792RBstill withholding793VVGwithhold .794SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]795LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I796PPI understood797VVDunderstand here798RBhere there799EXthere was800VBDbe some801DTsome EAJA802NPEAJA money803NNmoney that804IN/thatthat you805PPyou could806MDcould have807VHhave received808VVNreceive .809SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]810LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Yeah811NPYeah .812SENT. So813RBso in814INin this815DTthis ...816:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]817LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But818CCbut I819PPI 'm820VBPbe talking821VVGtalk about822INabout the823DTthe extreme824JJextreme possibility825NNpossibility ...826:... [MR. ORTIZ]827LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Yeah828NPYeah .829SENT. In830INin this831DTthis ...832:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]833LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...834:... where835WRBwhere there836EXthere 's837VBZbe a838DTa small839JJsmall EAJA840NPEAJA award841NNaward ,842,, but843CCbut you844PPyou get845VVPget 50846CD@card@ percent847NNpercent of848INof the849DTthe recovery850NNrecovery .851SENT. Are852VBPbe we853PPwe going854VVGgo to855TOto have856VHhave people857NNSpeople garnishing858VVGgarnish something859NNsomething or860CCor attaching861VVGattach something862NNsomething that863WDTthat belongs864VVZbelong to865TOto clients866NNSclient ?867SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]868LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Not869RBnot in870INin most871JJSmost cases872NNScase ,873,, Your874PP$your Honor875NPHonor .876SENT. In877INin most878JJSmost cases879NNScase ,880,, it881PPit makes882VVZmake no883DTno economic884JJeconomic sense885NNsense .886SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]887LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I888PPI 'm889VBPbe not890RBnot asking891VVGask about892INabout most893JJSmost cases894NNScase .895SENT. I896PPI 'm897VBPbe asking898VVGask about899INabout exceptions900NNSexception .901SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]902LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Well903UHwell ,904,, there905EXthere would906MDwould be907VBbe an908DTan ...909:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]910LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] When911WRBwhen ...912:... [MR. ORTIZ]913LOC[MR. ORTIZ] There914EXthere would915MDwould be916VBbe an917DTan exception918NNexception ,919,, Your920PP$your Honor921NPHonor ,922,, if923INif I924PPI were925VBDbe representing926VVGrepresent Bill927NPBill Gates928NPGates ,929,, say930VVPsay .931SENT. It932PPit would933MDwould ...934:... I935PPI could936MDcould go937VVgo after938INafter him939PPhim for940INfor payment941NNpayment of942INof the943DTthe remaining944VVGremain fee945NNfee .946SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]947LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] But948CCbut most949JJSmost of950INof the951DTthe claimants952NNSclaimant are953VBPbe ,954,, of955INof course956NNcourse ...957:... do958VVPdo not959RBnot have960VHhave much961JJmuch money962NNmoney ,963,, and964CCand the965DTthe statute966NNstatute ,967,, as968INas Justice969NPJustice Ginsburg970NPGinsburg says971VVZsay ,972,, puts973VVZput a974DTa 25975CD@card@ percent976NNpercent cap977NNcap on978INon what979WPwhat ...980:... on981INon how982WRBhow it983PPit 's984VBZbe going985VVGgo to986TOto ...987:... the988DTthe pool989NNpool ,990,, I991PPI guess992VVPguess ,993,, is994VBZbe the995DTthe ...996:... from997INfrom which998WDTwhich it999PPit 's1000VBZbe going1001VVGgo to1002TOto be1003VBbe paid1004VVNpay by1005INby the1006DTthe agency1007NNagency .1008SENT. Does1009VVZdo n't1010RBn't that1011WDTthat suggest1012VVPsuggest that1013IN/thatthat Congress1014NPCongress thought1015VVDthink that1016IN/thatthat there1017EXthere would1018MDwould be1019VBbe an1020DTan aggregate1021JJaggregate cap1022NNcap because1023INbecause ,1024,, A1025NPA ,1026,, there1027EXthere is1028VBZbe the1029DTthe pool1030NNpool cap1031NNcap ,1032,, and1033CCand then1034RBthen ,1035,, as1036INas Justice1037NPJustice Sotomayor1038NPSotomayor says1039VVZsay ,1040,, we1041PPwe do1042VVPdo n't1043RBn't expect1044VVexpect lawyers1045NNSlawyer to1046TOto go1047VVgo after1048INafter claimants1049NNSclaimant who1050WPwho ,1051,, by1052INby definition1053NNdefinition ,1054,, often1055RBoften can1056MDcan 't1057RB't work1058NNwork and1059CCand often1060RBoften do1061VVPdo n't1062RBn't have1063VHhave much1064JJmuch money1065NNmoney ?1066SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]1067LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Well1068UHWell ,1069,, Justice1070NPJustice Kavanaugh1071NPKavanaugh ,1072,, the1073DTthe pool1074NNpool cap1075NNcap is1076VBZbe a1077DTa matter1078NNmatter ...1079:... is1080VBZbe a1081DTa creature1082NNcreature of1083INof agency1084NNagency work1085NNwork ,1086,, not1087RBnot actually1088RBactually an1089DTan artifact1090NNartifact of1091INof what1092WPwhat Congress1093NPCongress has1094VHZhave done1095VVNdo .1096SENT. So1097RBso it1098PPit 's1099VBZbe ...1100:... you1101PPyou cannot1102MDcan impute1103VVimpute that1104IN/thatthat actually1105RBactually to1106TOto what1107WPwhat Congress1108NPCongress ...1109:... what1110WPwhat Congress1111NPCongress 's1112POS's feeling1113NNfeeling here1114RBhere was1115VBDbe .1116SENT. As1117INas you1118PPyou mentioned1119VVDmention ,1120,, in1121INin most1122JJSmost cases1123NNScase ...1124:... in1125INin many1126JJmany of1127INof these1128DTthese cases1129NNScase ,1130,, the1131DTthe claimant1132NNclaimant will1133MDwill be1134VBbe judgment-proof1135JJjudgment-proof beyond1136INbeyond the1137DTthe amount1138NNamount that1139IN/thatthat the1140DTthe agency1141NNagency has1142VHZhave set1143VVNset aside1144RPaside .1145SENT. And1146CCand in1147INin those1148DTthose circumstances1149NNScircumstance ,1150,, it1151PPit makes1152VVZmake no1153DTno sense1154NNsense for1155INfor the1156DTthe attorney1157NNattorney to1158TOto go1159VVgo after1160INafter the1161DTthe claimant1162NNclaimant .1163SENT. The1164DTthe claimant1165NNclaimant ...1166:... the1167DTthe attorney1168NNattorney ...1169:... [JUSTICE BREYER]1170LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] The1171DTthe answer1172NNanswer ...1173:... the1174DTthe answer1175NNanswer ...1176:... the1177DTthe answer1178NNanswer is1179VBZbe ,1180,, am1181VBPbe I1182PPI right1183JJright ,1184,, that1185WDTthat ...1186:... that1187IN/thatthat ,1188,, look1189VVlook ,1190,, for1191INfor what1192WDTwhat ...1193:... in1194INin an1195DTan EAJA1196NPEAJA case1197NNcase ,1198,, where1199WRBwhere you1200PPyou collect1201VVPcollect the1202DTthe money1203NNmoney from1204INfrom the1205DTthe government1206NNgovernment ,1207,, the1208DTthe lawyer1209NNlawyer gets1210VVZget money1211NNmoney from1212INfrom ...1213:... he1214PPhe takes1215VVZtake the1216DTthe fee1217NNfee out1218RPout of1219INof that1220DTthat ,1221,, is1222VBZbe that1223DTthat right1224NNright ?1225SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]1226LOC[MR. ORTIZ] The1227NPThe ...1228:... the1229DTthe attorney1230NNattorney has1231VHZhave to1232TOto effectively1233RBeffectively return1234VVreturn the1235DTthe lesser1236JJRlesser of1237INof the1238DTthe EAJA1239NPEAJA fee1240NNfee 81241CD8 or1242CCor the1243DTthe 4061244CD@card@ (1245(( b1246LSb )1247)) ...1248:... [JUSTICE BREYER]1249LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Okay1250NPOkay .1251SENT. So1252RBso if1253INif ...1254:... if1255INif the1256DTthe amount1257NNamount from1258INfrom the1259DTthe client1260NNclient is1261VBZbe less1262JJRless than1263INthan the1264DTthe EAJA1265NPEAJA award1266NNaward ,1267,, the1268DTthe attorney1269NNattorney gets1270VVZget the1271DTthe ...1272:... the1273DTthe greater1274JJRgreat amount1275NNamount and1276CCand returns1277VVZreturn the1278DTthe other1279JJother to1280TOto the1281DTthe client1282NNclient ,1283,, so1284RBso the1285DTthe client1286NNclient does1287VVZdo n't1288RBn't pay1289VVpay ,1290,, okay1291RBokay ,1292,, anything1293NNanything perhaps1294RBperhaps .1295SENT. If1296INif there1297EXthere 's1298VBZbe no1299DTno EAJA1300NPEAJA award1301NNaward ,1302,, so1303RBso take1304VVtake that1305IN/thatthat out1306RBout of1307INof the1308DTthe picture1309NNpicture ,1310,, and1311CCand you1312PPyou win1313VVPwin this1314DTthis case1315NNcase ,1316,, there1317EXthere 's1318VBZbe yet1319RByet another1320DTanother check1321NNcheck that1322WDTthat has1323VHZhave to1324TOto be1325VBbe a1326DTa reasonable1327JJreasonable fee1328NNfee ,1329,, and1330CCand the1331DTthe ...1332:... the1333DTthe judge1334NNjudge is1335VBZbe in1336INin charge1337NNcharge of1338INof that1339DTthat .1340SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]1341LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Yes1342NPYes ,1343,, Your1344PP$your Honor1345NPHonor .1346SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]1347LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] All1348DTall right1349NNright .1350SENT. Okay1351JJokay .1352SENT. So1353RBso it1354PPit has1355VHZhave to1356TOto escape1357VVescape that1358DTthat .1359SENT. But1360CCbut ,1361,, if1362INif it1363PPit does1364VVZdo escape1365VVescape that1366IN/thatthat ,1367,, then1368RBthen the1369DTthe lawyer1370NNlawyer can1371MDcan get1372VVget up1373RPup to1374TOto 501375CD@card@ percent1376NNpercent .1377SENT. That1378DTthat 's1379VBZbe the1380DTthe answer1381NNanswer ,1382,, is1383VBZbe that1384DTthat right1385NNright ?1386SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]1387LOC[MR. ORTIZ] The1388DTthe lawyer1389NNlawyer can1390MDcan be1391VBbe authorized1392VVNauthorize for1393INfor 501394CD@card@ percent1395NNpercent .1396SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]1397LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Yeah1398NPYeah ,1399,, yeah1400RByeah ,1401,, yeah1402RByeah .1403SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]1404LOC[MR. ORTIZ] That1405DTthat 's1406VBZbe possible1407JJpossible .1408SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]1409LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Look1410NPLook ,1411,, the1412DTthe lawyer1413NNlawyer can1414MDcan be1415VBbe authorized1416VVNauthorize ...1417:... I1418PPI mean1419VVPmean ,1420,, I1421PPI 'm1422VBPbe not1423RBnot trying1424VVGtry to1425TOto ...1426:... I1427PPI 'm1428VBPbe just1429RBjust trying1430VVGtry to1431TOto find1432VVfind ...1433:... get1434VVget the1435DTthe thing1436NNthing straight1437RBstraight in1438INin my1439PP$my mind1440NNmind .1441SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]1442LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Yes1443NPYes ,1444,, it1445PPit 's1446VBZbe possible1447JJpossible .1448SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]1449LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] No1450NPNo EAJA1451NPEAJA fee1452NNfee of1453INof a1454DTa greater1455JJRgreat amount1456NNamount .1457SENT. The1458DTthe judge1459NNjudge does1460VVZdo n't1461RBn't say1462VVsay it1463PPit 's1464VBZbe an1465DTan unreasonable1466JJunreasonable thing1467NNthing to1468TOto do1469VVdo .1470SENT. And1471CCand the1472DTthe client1473NNclient has1474VHZhave the1475DTthe money1476NNmoney .1477SENT. And1478CCand then1479RBthen you1480PPyou could1481MDcould bring1482VVbring it1483PPit up1484RPup to1485TOto percent1486NNpercent ?1487SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]1488LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Yes1489NPYes ,1490,, Your1491PP$your Honor1492NPHonor .1493SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]1494LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] And1495CCand your1496PP$your argument1497NNargument against1498INagainst that1499DTthat is1500VBZbe that1501WDTthat 's1502VBZbe like1503INlike the1504DTthe null1505JJnull set1506NNset ,1507,, unless1508INunless Gates1509NPGates happens1510VVZhappen to1511TOto be1512VBbe on1513INon welfare1514NNwelfare ,1515,, which1516WDTwhich I1517PPI think1518VVPthink he1519PPhe is1520VBZbe n't1521RBn't .1522SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]1523LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Yes1524NPYes .1525SENT. Well1526UHwell ,1527,, it1528PPit would1529MDwould make1530VVmake no1531DTno sense1532NNsense for1533INfor an1534DTan attorney1535NNattorney to1536TOto waste1537VVwaste his1538PP$his or1539CCor her1540PP$her time1541NNtime pursuing1542VVGpursue such1543JJsuch claimants1544NNSclaimant ,1545,, go1546VVPgo ...1547:... go1548VVgo after1549INafter people1550NNSpeople who1551WPwho are1552VBPbe essentially1553RBessentially judgment-proof1554JJjudgment-proof ,1555,, Your1556PP$your Honor1557NPHonor .1558SENT. And1559CCand I1560PPI ...1561:... it1562PPit 's1563VBZbe my1564PP$my understanding1565NNunderstanding that1566WDTthat 's1567VBZbe actually1568RBactually how1569WRBhow the1570DTthe work1571NNwork ...1572:... the1573DTthe world1574NNworld works1575VVZwork in1576INin practice1577NNpractice .1578SENT. The1579DTthe amicus1580NNamicus 's1581POS's brief1582NNbrief ...1583:... the1584DTthe ...1585:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1586LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I1587PPI have1588VHPhave a1589DTa question1590NNquestion that1591WDTthat bothers1592VVZbother me1593PPme greatly1594RBgreatly about1595INabout this1596DTthis whole1597JJwhole litigation1598NNlitigation .1599SENT. It1600PPit seems1601VVZseem like1602INlike your1603PP$your interests1604NNSinterest are1605VBPbe contrary1606JJcontrary to1607TOto your1608PP$your client1609NNclient 's1610POS's interests1611NNSinterest ,1612,, meaning1613VVGmean your1614PP$your client1615NNclient under1616INunder no1617DTno circumstance1618NNcircumstance should1619MDshould want1620VVwant the1621DTthe danger1622NNdanger of1623INof paying1624VVGpay more1625JJRmore than1626INthan the1627DTthe 251628CD@card@ percent1629NNpercent aggregate1630NNaggregate .1631SENT. So1632RBso should1633MDshould n't1634RBn't you1635PPyou have1636VHPhave gotten1637VVNget a1638DTa different1639JJdifferent lawyer1640NNlawyer for1641INfor her1642PPher in1643INin some1644DTsome point1645NNpoint in1646INin this1647DTthis litigation1648NNlitigation earlier1649RBRearlier than1650INthan here1651RBhere ?1652SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]1653LOC[MR. ORTIZ] No1654NPNo ,1655,, Your1656PP$your Honor1657NPHonor .1658SENT. Our1659PP$our client1660NNclient has1661VHZhave actually1662RBactually been1663VBNbe notified1664VVNnotify every1665DTevery step1666NNstep along1667INalong the1668DTthe way1669NNway about1670INabout what1671WPwhat ...1672:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1673LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] That1674DTthat 's1675VBZbe not1676RBnot true1677JJtrue consent1678NNconsent .1679SENT. At1680INat least1681JJSleast when1682WRBwhen I1683PPI was1684VBDbe a1685DTa district1686NNdistrict court1687NNcourt judge1688NNjudge ,1689,, you1690PPyou had1691VHDhave to1692TOto not1693RBnot only1694RBonly advise1695VVadvise her1696PPher but1697CCbut advise1698VVadvise her1699PPher of1700INof the1701DTthe potential1702JJpotential conflict1703NNconflict and1704CCand advise1705VVadvise her1706PPher to1707TOto seek1708VVseek separate1709JJseparate counsel1710NNcounsel .1711SENT. Was1712VBDbe that1713RBthat done1714VVNdo ?1715SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]1716LOC[MR. ORTIZ] I1717PPI do1718VVPdo n't1719RBn't believe1720VVbelieve that1721IN/thatthat that1722WDTthat was1723VBDbe done1724VVNdo in1725INin this1726DTthis case1727NNcase .1728SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1729LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I1730PPI ...1731:... I1732PPI am1733VBPbe troubled1734VVNtrouble by1735INby these1736DTthese fee1737NNfee disputes1738VVZdispute because1739INbecause I1740PPI want1741VVPwant ...1742:... often1743RBoften wonder1744VVPwonder if1745INif clients1746NNSclient are1747VBPbe being1748VBGbe adequately1749RBadequately represented1750VVNrepresent once1751INonce the1752DTthe dispute1753NNdispute moves1754VVZmove from1755INfrom the1756DTthe main1757JJmain case1758NNcase and1759CCand into1760INinto how1761WRBhow much1762JJmuch you1763PPyou 're1764VBPbe entitled1765VVNentitle to1766TOto .1767SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]1768LOC[MR. ORTIZ] But1769CCbut ,1770,, in1771INin this1772DTthis case1773NNcase ,1774,, Your1775PP$your Honor1776NPHonor ,1777,, not1778RBnot only1779RBonly was1780VBDbe Ms1781NNMs .1782SENT. Wood1783NPWood informed1784VVDinform of1785INof what1786WPwhat was1787VBDbe happening1788VVGhappen ,1789,, but1790CCbut she1791PPshe had1792VHDhave consented1793VVNconsent to1794TOto it1795PPit .1796SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1797LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Not1798RBnot without1799INwithout being1800VBGbe told1801VVNtell of1802INof the1803DTthe potential1804JJpotential conflict1805NNconflict .1806SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]1807LOC[MR. ORTIZ] I1808PPI do1809VVPdo n't1810RBn't know1811VVknow in-depth1812JJin-depth how1813WRBhow much1814JJmuch it1815PPit was1816VBDbe explained1817VVNexplain to1818TOto her1819PPher .1820SENT. [JUSTICE GINSBURG]1821LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] Practically1822RBpractically ...1823:... practically1824RBpractically ,1825,, where1826WRBwhere would1827MDwould you1828PPyou ...1829:... you1830PPyou can1831MDcan 't1832RB't get1833VVget money1834NNmoney out1835RPout of1836INof the1837DTthe Social1838NPSocial Security1839NPSecurity benefits1840NNSbenefit ,1841,, if1842INif ...1843:... if1844INif they1845PPthey 've1846VHPhave been1847VBNbe exhausted1848VVNexhaust under1849INunder ...1850:... under1851INunder (1852(( b1853LSb )1854)) for1855INfor the1856DTthe court1857NNcourt work1858NNwork .1859SENT. So1860RBso where1861WRBwhere would1862MDwould you1863PPyou go1864VVgo to1865TOto get1866VVget ...1867:... to1868TOto get1869VVget that1870DTthat ...1871:... to1872TOto get1873VVget more1874JJRmore than1875INthan percent1876NNpercent ,1877,, not1878RBnot from1879INfrom Social1880NPSocial Security1881NPSecurity benefits1882NNSbenefit ,1883,, but1884CCbut some1885DTsome other1886JJother source1887NNsource ?1888SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]1889LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Your1890PP$your Honor1891NPHonor ,1892,, if1893INif there1894EXthere are1895VBPbe no1896DTno EAJA1897NPEAJA fees1898NNSfee in1899INin the1900DTthe picture1901NNpicture ,1902,, which1903WDTwhich would1904MDwould increase1905VVincrease the1906DTthe size1907NNsize ,1908,, effectively1909RBeffectively increase1910VVincrease the1911DTthe size1912NNsize of1913INof the1914DTthe pot1915NNpot ,1916,, and1917CCand the1918DTthe claimant1919NNclaimant can1920MDcan 't1921RB't pay1922VVpay any1923DTany more1924JJRmore money1925NNmoney ,1926,, you1927PPyou would1928MDwould take1929VVtake your1930PP$your lumps1931NNSlump and1932CCand leave1933VVleave .1934SENT. The1935DTthe lawyer1936NNlawyer at1937INat that1938DTthat point1939NNpoint would1940MDwould swallow1941VVswallow the1942DTthe loss1943NNloss in1944INin fees1945NNSfee ,1946,, is1947VBZbe typically1948RBtypically what1949WPwhat happens1950VVZhappen .1951SENT. There1952EXthere 's1953VBZbe no1954DTno sense1955NNsense in1956INin wasting1957VVGwaste time1958NNtime trying1959VVGtry to1960TOto squeeze1961VVsqueeze blood1962NNblood from1963INfrom a1964DTa turnip1965NNturnip .1966SENT. [JUSTICE GINSBURG]1967LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] Well1968UHWell ,1969,, would1970MDwould n't1971RBn't that1972RBthat ...1973:... if1974INif that1975WDTthat 's1976VBZbe the1977DTthe general1978JJgeneral case1979NNcase ,1980,, then1981RBthen what1982WPwhat are1983VBPbe the1984DTthe practical1985JJpractical consequences1986NNSconsequence of1987INof our1988PP$our agreeing1989VVGagree with1990INwith your1991PP$your position1992NNposition when1993WRBwhen you1994PPyou can1995MDcan 't1996RB't get1997VVget more1998RBRmore than1999INthan percent2000NNpercent out2001RPout of2002INof the2003DTthe Social2004NPSocial Security2005NPSecurity benefits2006VVZbenefit themselves2007PPthemselves ?2008SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]2009LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Well2010UHWell ,2011,, the2012DTthe practical2013JJpractical implications2014NNSimplication of2015INof the2016DTthe aggregate2017JJaggregate cap2018NNcap rule2019NNrule ,2020,, Your2021PP$your Honor2022NPHonor ,2023,, is2024VBZbe that2025IN/thatthat attorneys2026NNSattorney will2027MDwill be2028VBbe less2029RBRless willing2030JJwilling to2031TOto take2032VVtake on2033INon these2034DTthese cases2035NNScase ex-ante2036NNex-ante because2037INbecause they2038PPthey will2039MDwill understand2040VVunderstand that2041IN/thatthat in2042INin many2043JJmany cases2044NNScase they2045PPthey will2046MDwill not2047RBnot be2048VBbe getting2049VVGget fees2050NNSfee for2051INfor work2052NNwork in2053INin court2054NNcourt because2055INbecause that2056DTthat pool2057NNpool will2058MDwill have2059VHhave been2060VBNbe expanded2061VVNexpand ...2062:... expended2063VVNexpend .2064SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2065LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] How2066WRBHow many2067JJmany cases2068NNScase have2069VHPhave EAJA2070NPEAJA awards2071NNSaward ?2072SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]2073LOC[MR. ORTIZ] In2074INin Gisbrecht2075NPGisbrecht ,2076,, Your2077PP$your Honor2078NPHonor ,2079,, it2080PPit ...2081:... the2082DTthe concurrence2083NNconcurrence mentioned2084VVDmention that2085IN/thatthat it2086PPit was2087VBDbe percent2088NNpercent .2089SENT. It2090PPit 's2091VBZbe our2092PP$our understanding2093NNunderstanding that2094IN/thatthat more2095JJRmore up-to-date2096JJup-to-date statistics2097NNSstatistic are2098VBPbe above2099INabove 402100CD@card@ percent2101NNpercent to2102TOto percent2103NNpercent ,2104,, somewhere2105RBsomewhere in2106INin there2107RBthere .2108SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2109LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] So2110RBso in2111INin about2112RBabout 402113CD@card@ to2114TOto percent2115NNpercent of2116INof the2117DTthe cases2118NNScase there2119EXthere will2120MDwill always2121RBalways be2122VBbe a2123DTa pot2124NNpot bigger2125JJRbig than2126INthan the2127DTthe 252128CD@card@ percent2129NNpercent ?2130SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]2131LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Yes2132NPYes ,2133,, Your2134PP$your Honor2135NPHonor .2136SENT. But2137CCbut ...2138:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2139LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] That2140DTthat 's2141VBZbe what2142WPwhat you2143PPyou 're2144VBPbe fighting2145VVGfight for2146INfor ,2147,, is2148VBZbe that2149IN/thatthat 252150CD@card@ percent2151NNpercent that2152WDTthat ...2153:... that2154DTthat ...2155:... that2156DTthat ...2157:... [MR. ORTIZ]2158LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Yes2159NPYes ,2160,, but2161CCbut the2162DTthe aggregate2163JJaggregate rule2164NNrule does2165VVZdo not2166RBnot allow2167VVallow the2168DTthe attorney2169NNattorney access2170NNaccess to2171TOto any2172DTany of2173INof that2174DTthat .2175SENT. The2176DTthe non-aggregate2177JJnon-aggregate approach2178NNapproach which2179WDTwhich we2180PPwe 're2181VBPbe advocating2182VVGadvocate does2183NNSdoe .2184SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2185LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Does2186VVZdo .2187SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]2188LOC[MR. ORTIZ] So2189RBso even2190RBeven under2191INunder ...2192:... so2193RBso under2194INunder the2195DTthe aggregate2196JJaggregate rule2197NNrule ,2198,, that2199DTthat extra2200JJextra money2201NNmoney under2202INunder EAJA2203NPEAJA is2204VBZbe simply2205RBsimply unavailable2206JJunavailable to2207TOto the2208DTthe attorney2209NNattorney .2210SENT. It2211PPit goes2212VVZgo straight2213RBstraight ...2214:... all2215RBall of2216INof it2217PPit would2218MDwould go2219VVgo straight2220RBstraight to2221TOto the2222DTthe client2223NNclient .2224SENT. Under2225INunder our2226PP$our approach2227NNapproach ,2228,, that2229DTthat attorney2230NNattorney ...2231:... that2232DTthat ...2233:... the2234DTthe EAJA2235NPEAJA award2236NNaward is2237VBZbe effectively2238RBeffectively split2239VVNsplit and2240CCand divided2241VVNdivide between2242INbetween the2243DTthe claimant2244NNclaimant and2245CCand the2246DTthe attorney2247NNattorney .2248SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]2249LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] (2250(( a2251DTa )2252)) (2253(( 42254LS4 )2255)) ,2256,, I2257PPI thought2258VVDthink ,2259,, established2260VVDestablish a2261DTa 252262CD@card@ percent2263NNpercent cap2264NNcap on2265INon the2266DTthe pool2267NNpool ,2268,, the2269DTthe statute2270NNstatute itself2271PPitself .2272SENT. You2273PPyou said2274VVDsay it2275PPit did2276VVDdo n't2277RBn't come2278VVcome from2279INfrom the2280DTthe statute2281NNstatute .2282SENT. Maybe2283RBmaybe I2284PPI 'm2285VBPbe misreading2286VVGmisread something2287NNsomething .2288SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]2289LOC[MR. ORTIZ] No2290NPNo ,2291,, (2292(( a2293DTa )2294)) (2295(( 42296LS4 )2297)) is2298VBZbe a2299DTa little2300JJlittle bit2301NNbit unclear2302JJunclear ,2303,, Your2304PP$your Honor2305NPHonor .2306SENT. (2307(( a2308DTa )2309)) (2310(( 42311LS4 )2312)) talks2313NNStalk about2314INabout the2315DTthe ...2316:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]2317LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Well2318UHwell ,2319,, it2320PPit seems2321VVZseem very2322RBvery clear2323JJclear .2324SENT. It2325PPit says2326VVZsay 252327CD@card@ percent2328NNpercent .2329SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]2330LOC[MR. ORTIZ] No2331NPNo ,2332,, it2333PPit does2334VVZdo say2335VVsay percent2336NNpercent .2337SENT. But2338CCbut it2339PPit also2340RBalso says2341VVZsay the2342DTthe maximum2343JJmaximum fee2344NNfee ,2345,, which2346WDTwhich is2347VBZbe ...2348:... is2349VBZbe a2350DTa technical2351JJtechnical term2352NNterm for2353INfor the2354DTthe agency2355NNagency award2356NNaward .2357SENT. The2358DTthe maximum2359JJmaximum fee2360NNfee is2361VBZbe not2362RBnot a2363DTa term2364NNterm from2365INfrom 4062366CD@card@ (2367(( b2368LSb )2369)) .2370SENT. It2371PPit 's2372VBZbe from2373INfrom 4062374CD@card@ (2375(( a2376DTa )2377)) .2378SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]2379LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] But2380CCbut that2381DTthat ...2382:... that2383DTthat pool2384NNpool established2385VVNestablish under2386INunder (2387(( a2388DTa )2389)) (2390(( 42391LS4 )2392)) is2393VBZbe the2394DTthe only2395JJonly pool2396NNpool ,2397,, that2398WDTthat Justice2399NPJustice Ginsburg2400NPGinsburg has2401VHZhave been2402VBNbe referencing2403VVGreference ,2404,, that2405WDTthat 's2406VBZbe the2407DTthe only2408JJonly pool2409NNpool ,2410,, correct2411JJcorrect ?2412SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]2413LOC[MR. ORTIZ] That2414DTthat is2415VBZbe the2416DTthe only2417JJonly pool2418NNpool .2419SENT. The2420DTthe agency2421NNagency does2422VVZdo n't2423RBn't ...2424:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]2425LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] And2426CCand that2427WDTthat 's2428VBZbe capped2429VVNcap ,2430,, the2431DTthe pool2432NNpool is2433VBZbe capped2434VVNcap by2435INby statute2436NNstatute at2437INat 252438CD@card@ percent2439NNpercent ?2440SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]2441LOC[MR. ORTIZ] No2442NPNo ,2443,, Your2444PP$your Honor2445NPHonor .2446SENT. The2447DTthe pool2448NNpool ...2449:... the2450DTthe pool2451NNpool is2452VBZbe capped2453VVNcap with2454INwith respect2455NNrespect to2456TOto 4062457CD@card@ (2458(( b2459LSb )2460)) awards2461NNSaward at2462INat overall2463JJoverall ...2464:... at2465INat an2466DTan overall2467NNoverall of2468INof percent2469NNpercent by2470INby the2471DTthe agency2472NNagency .2473SENT. I2474PPI believe2475VVPbelieve my2476PP$my friend2477NNfriend Mr2478NNMr .2479SENT. Yang2480NPYang can2481MDcan perhaps2482RBperhaps answer2483VVanswer this2484DTthis better2485RBRwell .2486SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]2487LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] The2488DTthe regulations2489NNSregulation interpreting2490VVGinterpret that2491DTthat do2492VVPdo cap2493VVcap the2494DTthe pool2495NNpool then2496RBthen at2497INat percent2498NNpercent as2499INas well2500RBwell ?2501SENT? [MR. ORTIZ]2502LOC[MR. ORTIZ] They2503PPthey do2504VVPdo .2505SENT. But2506CCbut I2507PPI believe2508VVPbelieve that2509IN/thatthat the2510DTthe ...2511:... the2512DTthe ...2513:... the2514DTthe support2515NNsupport in2516INin the2517DTthe statute2518NNstatute that2519IN/thatthat they2520PPthey point2521VVPpoint to2522TOto for2523INfor that2524WDTthat is2525VBZbe not2526RBnot anything2527NNanything in2528INin 4062529CD@card@ (2530(( a2531DTa )2532)) but2533CCbut is2534VBZbe actually2535RBactually 4062536RB@card@ (2537(( b2538LSb )2539)) 's2540POS's language2541NNlanguage where2542WRBwhere it2543PPit says2544VVZsay that2545IN/thatthat a2546DTa ...2547:... that2548IN/thatthat the2549DTthe commissioner2550NNcommissioner may2551MDmay award2552VVaward ...2553:... it2554PPit 's2555VBZbe in2556INin 4062557CD@card@ ,2558,, it2559PPit 's2560VBZbe on2561INon page2562NNpage 82563CD8 (2564(( a2565DTa )2566)) of2567INof the2568DTthe government2569NNgovernment 's2570POS's opening2571NNopening merits2572NNSmerit brief2573JJbrief .2574SENT. About2575RBabout halfway2576RBhalfway down2577RBdown (2578(( b2579LSb )2580)) it2581PPit says2582VVZsay :2583:: And2584CCand the2585DTthe Commissioner2586NPCommissioner of2587INof Social2588NPSocial Security2589NPSecurity may2590MDmay ,2591,, notwithstanding2592RBnotwithstanding ...2593:... there2594EXthere 's2595VBZbe a2596DTa Section2597NNsection 4012598CD@card@ (2599(( i2600NPi )2601)) that2602WDTthat 's2603VBZbe titled2604VVNtitle but2605CCbut subject2606JJsubject to2607TOto subsection2608NNsubsection D2609NND ...2610:... certify2611VVcertify the2612DTthe amount2613NNamount of2614INof such2615JJsuch fee2616NNfee for2617INfor ...2618:... for2619INfor payment2620NNpayment to2621TOto such2622JJsuch attorney2623NNattorney out2624RPout of2625INof and2626CCand not2627RBnot in2628INin addition2629NNaddition to2630TOto the2631DTthe amount2632NNamount of2633INof such2634JJsuch past-due2635JJpast-due benefits2636NNSbenefit .2637SENT. And2638CCand the2639DTthe agency2640NNagency has2641VHZhave taken2642VVNtake the2643DTthe view2644NNview that2645IN/thatthat that2646WDTthat gives2647VVZgive it2648PPit the2649DTthe authority2650NNauthority ,2651,, discretionary2652JJdiscretionary authority2653NNauthority to2654TOto cap2655VVcap the2656DTthe overall2657JJoverall pool2658NNpool that2659WDTthat 's2660VBZbe available2661JJavailable for2662INfor 4062663CD@card@ (2664(( b2665LSb )2666)) awards2667VVZaward as2668RBas well2669RBwell .2670SENT. Your2671PP$your Honors2672NNShonors ,2673,, the2674DTthe ...2675:... the2676DTthe ...2677:... if2678INif I2679PPI may2680MDmay ,2681,, Your2682PP$your Honors2683NNShonors ,2684,, I2685PPI would2686MDwould like2687VVlike to2688TOto reserve2689VVreserve my2690PP$my remaining2691VVGremain time2692NNtime for2693INfor rebuttal2694NNrebuttal .2695SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]2696LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Thank2697VVthank you2698PPyou ,2699,, counsel2700NNcounsel .2701SENT. [MR. ORTIZ]2702LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Thank2703VVthank you2704PPyou .2705SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]2706LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Mr2707NPMr .2708SENT. Yang2709NPYang .2710SENT.

[MR. YANG]2711LOC[MR. YANG] Mr2712NPMr .2713SENT. Chief2714NPChief Justice2715NPJustice ,2716,, and2717CCand may2718MDmay it2719PPit please2720VVplease the2721DTthe Court2722NPCourt :2723:: There2724EXthere is2725VBZbe one2726CDone and2727CCand only2728RBonly one2729CDone operative2730NNoperative provision2731NNprovision in2732INin this2733DTthis case2734NNcase ,2735,, and2736CCand it2737PPit 's2738POS's Section2739NNsection 4062740CD@card@ (2741(( b2742LSb )2743)) (2744(( 12745LS1 )2746)) (2747(( A2748NPA )2749)) .2750SENT. That2751DTthat provision2752NNprovision applies2753VVZapply when2754WRBwhen a2755DTa claimant2756NNclaimant is2757VBZbe represented2758VVNrepresent ,2759,, "2760''" represented2761VVNrepresent before2762INbefore the2763DTthe court2764NNcourt by2765INby an2766DTan attorney2767NNattorney ,2768,, "2769``" and2770CCand it2771PPit authorizes2772VVZauthorize a2773DTa reasonable2774JJreasonable fee2775NNfee for2776INfor such2777JJsuch representation2778NNrepresentation .2779SENT. That2780DTthat provision2781NNprovision clearly2782RBclearly governs2783VVZgovern fees2784NNSfee only2785RBonly for2786INfor representations2787NNSrepresentation before2788INbefore the2789DTthe court2790NNcourt ,2791,, and2792CCand its2793PP$its 252794CD@card@ percent2795NNpercent past-due2796JJpast-due benefits2797NNSbenefit cap2798VVPcap likewise2799RBlikewise only2800RBonly applies2801VVZapply to2802TOto fees2803NNSfee for2804INfor work2805NNwork done2806VVNdo before2807INbefore the2808DTthe court2809NNcourt .2810SENT. That2811DTthat text2812NNtext fully2813RBfully resolves2814VVZresolve this2815DTthis case2816NNcase .2817SENT. The2818DTthe Court2819NPCourt has2820VHZhave had2821VHNhave a2822DTa series2823NNseries of2824INof questions2825NNSquestion about2826INabout kind2827NNkind of2828INof some2829DTsome of2830INof the2831DTthe practicalities2832NNSpracticality .2833SENT. I2834PPI 'd2835MDwould like2836VVlike to2837TOto address2838VVaddress first2839JJfirst Justice2840NPJustice Kavanaugh2841NPKavanaugh 's2842POS's question2843NNquestion about2844INabout the2845DTthe pot2846NNpot .2847SENT. There2848EXthere 's2849VBZbe actually2850RBactually two2851CDtwo statutory2852JJstatutory provisions2853NNSprovision .2854SENT. The2855DTthe first2856JJfirst is2857VBZbe at2858INat (2859(( a2860DTa )2861)) (2862(( 42863LS4 )2864)) .2865SENT. (2866(( a2867DTa )2868)) (2869(( 42870LS4 )2871)) is2872VBZbe at2873INat page2874NNpage 7a2875NNS7a of2876INof our2877PP$our brief2878NNbrief .2879SENT. That2880DTthat says2881VVZsay that2882IN/thatthat the2883DTthe Secretary2884NPSecretary shall2885MDshall certify2886VVcertify for2887INfor payment2888NNpayment out2889RPout of2890INof past-due2891JJpast-due benefits2892NNSbenefit so2893RBso much2894RBmuch of2895INof the2896DTthe maximum2897JJmaximum fee2898NNfee as2899RBas does2900VVZdo not2901RBnot exceed2902VVexceed 252903CD@card@ percent2904NNpercent .2905SENT. The2906DTthe maximum2907JJmaximum fee2908NNfee ,2909,, if2910INif you2911PPyou look2912VVPlook throughout2913INthroughout the2914DTthe prior2915JJprior provisions2916NNSprovision of2917INof (2918(( a2919DTa )2920)) ,2921,, talk2922NNtalk about2923INabout the2924DTthe maximum2925JJmaximum fee2926NNfee that2927IN/thatthat the2928DTthe commissioner2929NNcommissioner approves2930VVZapprove for2931INfor work2932NNwork before2933INbefore the2934DTthe agency2935NNagency .2936SENT. So2937RBso that2938IN/thatthat (2939(( a2940DTa )2941)) (2942(( 42943LS4 )2944)) provision2945NNprovision mandates2946VVZmandate that2947IN/thatthat so2948RBso much2949RBmuch of2950INof that2951DTthat maximum2952JJmaximum fee2953NNfee ,2954,, that2955WDTthat is2956VBZbe ,2957,, the2958DTthe agency2959NNagency fee2960NNfee ,2961,, as2962RBas does2963VVZdo not2964RBnot exceed2965VVexceed 252966CD@card@ percent2967NNpercent shall2968MDshall be2969VBbe paid2970VVNpay .2971SENT. It2972PPit 's2973VBZbe mandatory2974JJmandatory .2975SENT. Now2976RBnow I2977PPI think2978VVPthink there2979EXthere 's2980VBZbe two2981CDtwo things2982NNSthing .2983SENT. First2984NPFirst is2985VBZbe the2986DTthe mandatory2987JJmandatory .2988SENT. The2989DTthe pot2990NNpot must2991MDmust be2992VBbe 252993CD@card@ percent2994NNpercent ,2995,, at2996INat least2997JJSleast ,2998,, if2999INif the3000DTthe agency3001NNagency fee3002NNfee is3003VBZbe that3004IN/thatthat large3005JJlarge .3006SENT. And3007CCand ,3008,, two3009CDtwo ,3010,, the3011DTthe language3012NNlanguage "3013``" so3014RBso much3015JJmuch of3016INof the3017DTthe agency3018NNagency fee3019NNfee as3020RBas does3021VVZdo not3022RBnot exceed3023VVexceed "3024``" emphasizes3025VVZemphasize that3026IN/thatthat Congress3027NPCongress understood3028VVDunderstand that3029IN/thatthat the3030DTthe agency3031NNagency fee3032NNfee could3033MDcould and3034CCand would3035MDwould sometimes3036RBsometimes exceed3037VVexceed 253038CD@card@ percent3039NNpercent of3040INof past-due3041JJpast-due benefits3042NNSbenefit ,3043,, which3044WDTwhich itself3045PPitself is3046VBZbe incompatible3047JJincompatible with3048INwith an3049DTan aggregate3050JJaggregate 253051CD@card@ percent3052NNpercent .3053SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]3054LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] A3055DTa different3056JJdifferent argument3057NNargument ,3058,, but3059CCbut ...3060:... [MR. YANG]3061LOC[MR. YANG] Different3062JJdifferent argument3063NNargument ,3064,, but3065CCbut while3066INwhile we3067PPwe 're3068VBPbe on3069INon (3070(( a3071DTa )3072)) (3073(( 43074LS4 )3075)) I3076PPI thought3077VVDthink I3078PPI 'd3079MDwould touch3080VVtouch upon3081INupon it3082PPit .3083SENT. The3084DTthe second3085JJsecond provision3086NNprovision is3087VBZbe in3088INin (3089(( b3090LSb )3091)) (3092(( 13093LS1 )3094)) .3095SENT. That3096DTthat 's3097VBZbe on3098INon page3099NNpage 8a3100NN8a .3101SENT. It3102PPit 's3103VBZbe in3104INin the3105DTthe latter3106JJlatter half3107NNhalf of3108INof the3109DTthe main3110JJmain paragraph3111NNparagraph ,3112,, that3113IN/thatthat the3114DTthe Secretary3115NPSecretary shall3116MDshall certify3117VVcertify the3118DTthe amount3119NNamount of3120INof such3121JJsuch fee3122NNfee ,3123,, referring3124VVGrefer back3125RBback to3126TOto the3127DTthe court-approved3128VVNcourt-approve fee3129NNfee for3130INfor court3131NNcourt work3132NNwork ,3133,, as3134RBas does3135VVZdo not3136RBnot ...3137:... out3138RBout of3139INof and3140CCand not3141RBnot in3142INin addition3143NNaddition to3144TOto the3145DTthe amount3146NNamount of3147INof past-due3148JJpast-due benefits3149NNSbenefit .3150SENT. That3151DTthat is3152VBZbe in3153INin the3154DTthe permissive3155JJpermissive .3156SENT. It3157PPit is3158VBZbe may3159MDmay certify3160VVcertify .3161SENT. So3162RBso the3163DTthe ...3164:... the3165DTthe agency3166NNagency has3167VHZhave interpreted3168VVNinterpret the3169DTthe mandatory3170JJmandatory obligation3171NNobligation to3172TOto set3173VVset aside3174RPaside percent3175NNpercent for3176INfor agency3177NNagency fees3178NNSfee ,3179,, and3180CCand the3181DTthe permissive3182JJpermissive obligation3183NNobligation or3184CCor the3185DTthe permissive3186JJpermissive authority3187NNauthority to3188TOto set3189VVset aside3190RPaside money3191NNmoney for3192INfor the3193DTthe court3194NNcourt fee3195NNfee ,3196,, which3197WDTwhich itself3198PPitself is3199VBZbe capped3200VVNcap at3201INat 253202CD@card@ percent3203NNpercent ,3204,, as3205INas allowing3206VVGallow it3207PPit to3208TOto only3209RBonly pay3210VVpay out3211RPout 253212CD@card@ percent3213NNpercent ...3214:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]3215LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Right3216NPRight .3217SENT. [MR. YANG]3218LOC[MR. YANG] ...3219:... total3220JJtotal .3221SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]3222LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Right3223NPRight .3224SENT. I3225PPI understand3226VVPunderstand that3227RBthat .3228SENT. And3229CCand it3230PPit comes3231VVZcome ultimately3232RBultimately from3233INfrom an3234DTan interpretation3235NNinterpretation of3236INof the3237DTthe statute3238NNstatute .3239SENT. Maybe3240RBmaybe you3241PPyou 're3242VBPbe saying3243VVGsay it3244PPit 's3245VBZbe not3246RBnot mandated3247VVNmandate by3248INby the3249DTthe statute3250NNstatute .3251SENT. [MR. YANG]3252LOC[MR. YANG] Well3253UHwell ,3254,, it3255PPit 's3256VBZbe an3257DTan ...3258:... an3259DTan interpretation3260NNinterpretation of3261INof the3262DTthe permissive3263JJpermissive part3264NNpart of3265INof the3266DTthe statute3267NNstatute .3268SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]3269LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Right3270NPRight ,3271,, that3272WDTthat 's3273VBZbe what3274WPwhat I3275PPI mean3276VVPmean by3277INby saying3278VVGsay it3279PPit 's3280VBZbe not3281RBnot ...3282:... maybe3283RBmaybe it3284PPit 's3285VBZbe not3286RBnot mandated3287VVNmandate by3288INby the3289DTthe statute3290NNstatute ,3291,, is3292VBZbe your3293PP$your point3294NNpoint .3295SENT. [MR. YANG]3296LOC[MR. YANG] So3297INso it3298PPit 's3299VBZbe not3300RBnot ...3301:... so3302RBso ...3303:... but3304CCbut when3305WRBwhen Congress3306NPCongress was3307VBDbe enacting3308VVGenact these3309DTthese provisions3310NNSprovision and3311CCand any3312DTany cap3313NNcap that3314WDTthat might3315MDmight exist3316VVexist ,3317,, Congress3318NPCongress understood3319VVDunderstand that3320IN/thatthat it3321PPit was3322VBDbe authorizing3323VVGauthorize the3324DTthe agency3325NNagency to3326TOto withhold3327VVwithhold more3328JJRmore than3329INthan 253330CD@card@ percent3331NNpercent with3332INwith the3333DTthe operation3334NNoperation of3335INof these3336DTthese two3337CDtwo .3338SENT. There3339EXthere 's3340VBZbe another3341DTanother point3342NNpoint to3343TOto be3344VBbe made3345VVNmake that3346IN/thatthat I3347PPI think3348VVPthink we3349PPwe have3350VHPhave n't3351RBn't focused3352VVNfocus on3353INon ,3354,, is3355VBZbe that3356IN/thatthat we3357PPwe 've3358VHPhave only3359RBonly been3360VBNbe talking3361VVGtalk about3362INabout attorney3363NNattorney fees3364NNSfee because3365INbecause this3366DTthis case3367NNcase involves3368VVZinvolve an3369DTan attorney3370NNattorney ,3371,, but3372CCbut Congress3373NPCongress has3374VHZhave authorized3375VVNauthorize non-attorneys3376NNSnon-attorneys to3377TOto represent3378VVrepresent agency3379NNagency ...3380:... clients3381NNSclient before3382INbefore the3383DTthe agency3384NNagency ,3385,, and3386CCand in3387INin subsection3388NNsubsection (3389(( e3390LSe )3391)) of3392INof 4063393CD@card@ ,3394,, specifically3395RBspecifically directs3396VVZdirect the3397DTthe agency3398NNagency to3399TOto extend3400VVextend the3401DTthe fee3402NNfee payment3403NNpayment provisions3404NNSprovision ,3405,, the3406DTthe direct3407JJdirect payment3408NNpayment provisions3409NNSprovision that3410IN/thatthat we3411PPwe 're3412VBPbe talking3413VVGtalk about3414RBabout in3415INin (3416(( a3417DTa )3418)) (3419(( 43420LS4 )3421)) ,3422,, to3423TOto non-attorneys3424NNSnon-attorneys .3425SENT. But3426CCbut in3427INin doing3428VVGdo so3429RBso ,3430,, Congress3431NPCongress in3432INin (3433(( e3434LSe )3435)) (3436(( 23437LS2 )3438)) ...3439:... unfortunately3440RBunfortunately ,3441,, we3442PPwe did3443VVDdo n't3444RBn't reproduce3445VVreproduce this3446DTthis in3447INin our3448PP$our brief3449NNbrief ,3450,, but3451CCbut it3452PPit 's3453VBZbe in3454INin (3455(( e3456LSe )3457)) (3458(( 23459LS2 )3460)) ...3461:... set3462VVNset forth3463INforth prerequisites3464NNSprerequisite for3465INfor these3466DTthese non-attorney3467NPnon-attorney representatives3468NNSrepresentative to3469TOto be3470VBbe eligible3471JJeligible for3472INfor this3473DTthis direct3474JJdirect payment3475NNpayment .3476SENT. Not3477RBnot all3478RBall of3479INof them3480PPthem meet3481VVPmeet those3482DTthose eligible3483JJeligible ...3484:... eligibility3485NNeligibility requirements3486NNSrequirement .3487SENT. So3488RBso there3489EXthere is3490VBZbe a3491DTa category3492NNcategory of3493INof cases3494NNScase that3495IN/thatthat (3496(( a3497DTa )3498)) (3499(( 43500LS4 )3501)) never3502RBnever comes3503VVZcome into3504INinto play3505NNplay because3506INbecause there3507EXthere 's3508VBZbe no3509DTno authority3510NNauthority to3511TOto provide3512VVprovide direct3513JJdirect payment3514NNpayment to3515TOto the3516DTthe ...3517:... to3518TOto the3519DTthe representative3520NNrepresentative .3521SENT. Now3522RBnow those3523DTthose representatives3524NNSrepresentative are3525VBPbe still3526RBstill representing3527VVGrepresent clients3528NNSclient before3529INbefore the3530DTthe Social3531NPSocial Security3532NPSecurity Administration3533NPAdministration ,3534,, and3535CCand they3536PPthey have3537VHPhave to3538TOto collect3539VVcollect their3540PP$their fees3541NNSfee or3542CCor they3543PPthey would3544MDwould n't3545RBn't be3546VBbe doing3547VVGdo it3548PPit .3549SENT. And3550CCand I3551PPI think3552VVPthink that3553IN/thatthat addresses3554NNSaddress ,3555,, Justice3556NPJustice Sotomayor3557NPSotomayor ,3558,, your3559PP$your concern3560NNconcern .3561SENT. It3562PPit 's3563VBZbe baked3564VVNbake into3565INinto the3566DTthe system3567NNsystem these3568DTthese representatives3569NNSrepresentative are3570VBPbe going3571VVGgo to3572TOto collect3573VVcollect sometimes3574RBsometimes the3575DTthe fees3576NNSfee from3577INfrom the3578DTthe client3579NNclient .3580SENT. Now3581RBnow these3582DTthese ...3583:... in3584INin Social3585NPSocial Security3586NPSecurity Title3587NPTitle 23588CD2 cases3589NNScase ,3590,, there3591EXthere 's3592VBZbe no3593DTno ...3594:... there3595EXthere 's3596VBZbe no3597DTno means3598NNmeans testing3599NNtesting .3600SENT. So3601RBso you3602PPyou can3603MDcan have3604VHhave a3605DTa rich3606JJrich client3607NNclient ;3608:; you3609PPyou can3610MDcan have3611VHhave a3612DTa poor3613JJpoor client3614NNclient .3615SENT. But3616CCbut the3617DTthe important3618JJimportant point3619NNpoint is3620VBZbe that3621IN/thatthat Congress3622NPCongress intended3623VVDintend not3624RBnot only3625RBonly sometimes3626RBsometimes to3627TOto get3628VVget percent3629NNpercent pot3630NNpot ...3631:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]3632LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] But3633CCbut we3634PPwe 're3635VBPbe told3636VVNtell by3637INby the3638DTthe amicus3639NNamicus brief3640NNbrief of3641INof the3642DTthe disability3643NNdisability attorneys3644NNSattorney that3645IN/thatthat that3646DTthat almost3647RBalmost never3648RBnever happens3649VVZhappen .3650SENT. [MR. YANG]3651LOC[MR. YANG] Almost3652NPAlmost never3653RBnever happens3654VVZhappen ...3655:... which3656WDTwhich ...3657:... which3658WDTwhich ...3659:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]3660LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] That3661IN/thatthat they3662PPthey try3663VVPtry to3664TOto get3665VVget the3666DTthe money3667NNmoney directly3668RBdirectly from3669INfrom the3670DTthe client3671NNclient .3672SENT. Now3673RBnow maybe3674RBmaybe that3675DTthat 's3676VBZbe not3677RBnot correct3678JJcorrect ,3679,, but3680CCbut that3681DTthat 's3682VBZbe what3683WPwhat ...3684:... [MR. YANG]3685LOC[MR. YANG] That3686DTthat ...3687:... that3688WDTthat cannot3689MDcan be3690VBbe correct3691JJcorrect for3692INfor the3693DTthe set3694NNset of3695INof non-attorney3696NPnon-attorney representatives3697NNSrepresentative that3698WDTthat are3699VBPbe not3700RBnot eligible3701JJeligible for3702INfor direct3703JJdirect payment3704NNpayment under3705INunder (3706(( a3707DTa )3708)) (3709(( 43710LS4 )3711)) .3712SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]3713LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Right3714NPRight .3715SENT. [MR. YANG]3716LOC[MR. YANG] The3717DTthe only3718JJonly way3719NNway they3720PPthey can3721MDcan get3722VVget their3723PP$their money3724NNmoney is3725VBZbe from3726INfrom the3727DTthe client3728NNclient .3729SENT. Also3730RBalso ,3731,, if3732INif you3733PPyou look3734VVPlook at3735INat the3736DTthe criminal3737JJcriminal prohibitions3738NNSprohibition in3739INin ...3740:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3741LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Counsel3742NPCounsel ,3743,, how3744WRBhow often3745RBoften are3746VBPbe those3747DTthose people3748NNSpeople family3749NNfamily members3750NNSmember or3751CCor ...3752:... or3753CCor ...3754:... [MR. YANG]3755LOC[MR. YANG] That3756IN/thatthat I3757PPI ...3758:... I3759PPI do3760VVPdo n't3761RBn't know3762VVknow ,3763,, but3764CCbut I3765PPI do3766VVPdo know3767VVknow that3768IN/thatthat there3769EXthere are3770VBPbe ...3771:... the3772DTthe criteria3773NNScriterion that3774WDTthat Congress3775NPCongress has3776VHZhave specified3777VVNspecify under3778INunder (3779(( e3780LSe )3781)) (3782(( 23783LS2 )3784)) does3785VVZdo not3786RBnot contemplate3787VVcontemplate that3788IN/thatthat we3789PPwe 're3790VBPbe talking3791VVGtalk familial3792JJfamilial relationships3793NNSrelationship .3794SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3795LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] All3796DTall right3797NNright .3798SENT. You3799PPyou say3800VVPsay there3801EXthere 's3802VBZbe no3803DTno danger3804NNdanger or3805CCor little3806JJlittle danger3807NNdanger of3808INof garnishment3809NNgarnishment of3810INof future3811JJfuture benefits3812NNSbenefit .3813SENT. But3814CCbut you3815PPyou also3816RBalso say3817VVPsay that3818IN/thatthat sometimes3819RBsometimes the3820DTthe government3821NNgovernment permits3822VVZpermit garnishing3823VVGgarnish to3824TOto help3825VVhelp attorneys3826NNSattorney satisfy3827VVsatisfy awards3828NNSaward under3829INunder 253830CD@card@ percent3831NNpercent when3832WRBwhen they3833PPthey have3834VHPhave missed3835VVNmiss out3836RPout on3837INon withholding3838NNwithholding .3839SENT. Where3840WRBwhere do3841VVPdo you3842PPyou get3843VVget that3844DTthat authority3845NNauthority from3846INfrom ,3847,, to3848TOto permit3849VVpermit garnishing3850VVGgarnish or3851CCor to3852TOto permit3853VVpermit garnishing3854VVGgarnish above3855INabove the3856DTthe 253857CD@card@ percent3858NNpercent ?3859SENT? I3860PPI can3861MDcan understand3862VVunderstand if3863INif ...3864:... [MR. YANG]3865LOC[MR. YANG] It3866PPit 's3867VBZbe not3868RBnot above3869INabove the3870DTthe percent3871NNpercent .3872SENT. I3873PPI think3874VVPthink what3875WPwhat you3876PPyou 're3877VBPbe talking3878VVGtalk about3879RBabout is3880VBZbe in3881INin the3882DTthe circumstance3883NNcircumstance that3884IN/thatthat the3885DTthe agency3886NNagency for3887INfor some3888DTsome reason3889NNreason has3890VHZhave erroneously3891RBerroneously failed3892VVNfail to3893TOto withhold3894VVwithhold ...3895:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3896LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Right3897RBright .3898SENT. [MR. YANG]3899LOC[MR. YANG] ...3900:... 253901CD@card@ percent3902NNpercent of3903INof past-due3904JJpast-due benefits3905NNSbenefit ,3906,, it3907PPit recovers3908VVZrecover as3909INas an3910DTan overpayment3911NNoverpayment of3912INof past-due3913JJpast-due benefits3914NNSbenefit from3915INfrom the3916DTthe ...3917:... from3918INfrom ...3919:... from3920INfrom the3921DTthe future3922JJfuture stream3923NNstream .3924SENT. And3925CCand this3926DTthis is3927VBZbe not3928RBnot an3929DTan uncommon3930JJuncommon event3931NNevent .3932SENT. For3933INfor instance3934NNinstance ,3935,, sometimes3936RBsometimes there3937EXthere are3938VBPbe overpayments3939NNSoverpayment in3940INin either3941CCeither the3942DTthe Title3943NPTitle 23944CD2 or3945CCor the3946DTthe Title3947NPTitle context3948NNcontext to3949TOto the3950DTthe claimant3951NNclaimant ,3952,, and3953CCand the3954DTthe ...3955:... the3956DTthe government3957NNgovernment will3958MDwill then3959RBthen offset3960VVoffset from3961INfrom future3962JJfuture payments3963NNSpayment to3964TOto ...3965:... to3966TOto recoup3967VVrecoup that3968DTthat money3969NNmoney .3970SENT. This3971DTthis is3972VBZbe just3973RBjust another3974DTanother illustration3975NNillustration of3976INof that3977DTthat .3978SENT. And3979CCand it3980PPit does3981VVZdo n't3982RBn't ,3983,, I3984PPI think3985VVPthink what3986WPwhat ...3987:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3988LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] To3989TOTo the3990DTthe ...3991:... to3992TOto the3993DTthe poor3994JJpoor recipient3995NNrecipient ,3996,, it3997PPit does3998VVZdo n't3999RBn't really4000RBreally sound4001JJsound like4002INlike they4003PPthey were4004VBDbe responsible4005JJresponsible for4006INfor your4007PP$your failure4008NNfailure to4009TOto withhold4010VVwithhold .4011SENT. I4012PPI 'm4013VBPbe not4014RBnot sure4015JJsure what4016WPwhat gives4017VVZgive you4018PPyou the4019DTthe authority4020NNauthority .4021SENT. Basically4022RBbasically ,4023,, you4024PPyou 're4025VBPbe garnishing4026VVGgarnish their4027PP$their benefits4028NNSbenefit .4029SENT. [MR. YANG]4030LOC[MR. YANG] Well4031UHwell ,4032,, I4033PPI do4034VVPdo n't4035RBn't think4036VVthink that4037DTthat ...4038:... first4039RBfirst of4040INof all4041DTall ,4042,, no4043DTno one4044CDone has4045VHZhave questioned4046VVNquestion the4047DTthe government4048NNgovernment 's4049POS's authority4050NNauthority where4051WRBwhere the4052DTthe government4053NNgovernment has4054VHZhave already4055RBalready paid4056VVNpay the4057DTthe money4058NNmoney that4059WDTthat should4060MDshould not4061RBnot have4062VHhave been4063VBNbe repaid4064VVNrepay .4065SENT. In4066RBin ...4067:... in4068INin most4069JJSmost contexts4070NNScontext ,4071,, the4072DTthe government4073NNgovernment can4074MDcan recover4075VVrecover money4076NNmoney that4077WDTthat is4078VBZbe overpaid4079VVNoverpay from4080INfrom individuals4081NNSindividual .4082SENT. I4083PPI ...4084:... I4085PPI do4086VVPdo n't4087RBn't find4088VVfind that4089IN/thatthat to4090TOto be4091VBbe particularly4092RBparticularly telling4093VVGtell ,4094,, and4095CCand there4096EXthere are4097VBPbe regulatory4098JJregulatory provisions4099NNSprovision that4100WDTthat govern4101VVPgovern that4102IN/thatthat to4103TOto make4104VVmake sure4105JJsure that4106IN/thatthat the4107DTthe recoupment4108NNrecoupment of4109INof this4110DTthis overpayment4111NNoverpayment is4112VBZbe not4113RBnot onerous4114JJonerous .4115SENT. But4116CCbut what4117WPwhat ,4118,, again4119RBagain ,4120,, getting4121VVGget back4122RBback to4123TOto the4124DTthe question4125NNquestion presented4126VVNpresent in4127INin this4128DTthis case4129NNcase ,4130,, I4131PPI think4132VVPthink it4133PPit 's4134VBZbe ...4135:... it4136PPit 's4137VBZbe clear4138JJclear that4139IN/thatthat Congress4140NPCongress contemplated4141VVDcontemplate ,4142,, if4143INif you4144PPyou look4145VVPlook at4146INat (4147(( a4148DTa )4149)) (4150(( 54151LS5 )4152)) ,4153,, which4154WDTwhich is4155VBZbe the4156DTthe criminal4157JJcriminal prohibition4158NNprohibition for4159INfor collecting4160VVGcollect in4161INin excess4162NNexcess of4163INof the4164DTthe maximum4165JJmaximum fee4166NNfee authorized4167VVNauthorize by4168INby the4169DTthe Commissioner4170NPCommissioner ,4171,, or4172CCor (4173(( b4174LSb )4175)) (4176(( 24177LS2 )4178)) ,4179,, which4180WDTwhich is4181VBZbe the4182DTthe criminal4183JJcriminal prohibition4184NNprohibition prohibiting4185VVGprohibit collection4186NNcollection of4187INof the4188DTthe fee4189NNfee beyond4190INbeyond that4191WDTthat authorized4192VVDauthorize by4193INby the4194DTthe court4195NNcourt ,4196,, by4197INby setting4198VVGset a4199DTa criminal4200JJcriminal prohibition4201NNprohibition and4202CCand setting4203VVGset the4204DTthe threshold4205NNthreshold beyond4206INbeyond what4207WPwhat 's4208VBZbe authorized4209VVNauthorize ,4210,, Congress4211NPCongress contemplated4212VVDcontemplate that4213IN/thatthat ,4214,, if4215INif it4216PPit 's4217VBZbe under4218INunder that4219DTthat authorization4220NNauthorization limit4221NNlimit ,4222,, you4223PPyou could4224MDcould collect4225VVcollect it4226PPit .4227SENT. And4228CCand it4229PPit 's4230VBZbe not4231RBnot an4232DTan abusive4233JJabusive collection4234NNcollection because4235INbecause the4236DTthe fees4237NNSfee have4238VHPhave been4239VBNbe approved4240VVNapprove either4241RBeither by4242INby the4243DTthe agency4244NNagency under4245INunder 4064246CD@card@ (4247(( a4248DTa )4249)) or4250CCor under4251INunder the4252DTthe court4253NNcourt under4254INunder 4064255CD@card@ (4256(( b4257LSb )4258)) .4259SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]4260LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] You4261PPyou ...4262:... you4263PPyou obviously4264RBobviously have4265VHPhave a4266DTa good4267JJgood textual4268JJtextual argument4269NNargument .4270SENT. I4271PPI think4272VVPthink the4273DTthe point4274NNpoint is4275VBZbe your4276PP$your brief4277NNbrief then4278RBthen goes4279VVZgo to4280TOto great4281JJgreat lengths4282NNSlength to4283TOto say4284VVsay do4285VVdo n't4286RBn't worry4287VVworry about4288INabout taking4289VVGtake percent4290NNpercent from4291INfrom disability4292NNdisability claimants4293NNSclaimant because4294INbecause district4295NNdistrict courts4296NNScourt won4297MDwill 't4298RB't allow4299VVallow that4300IN/thatthat under4301INunder the4302DTthe reasonableness4303NNreasonableness prong4304NNprong .4305SENT. And4306CCand the4307DTthe ...4308:... the4309DTthe amicus4310NNamicus brief4311NNbrief of4312INof disability4313NNdisability attorneys4314NNSattorney say4315VVPsay do4316VVPdo n't4317RBn't worry4318VVworry about4319INabout that4320DTthat seemingly4321RBseemingly extreme4322JJextreme 504323CD@card@ percent4324NNpercent fee4325NNfee because4326INbecause that4327DTthat never4328RBnever really4329RBreally happens4330VVZhappen in4331INin practice4332NNpractice .4333SENT. Both4334CCboth of4335INof which4336WDTwhich suggest4337VVPsuggest that4338IN/thatthat this4339DTthis system4340NNsystem was4341VBDbe not4342RBnot designed4343VVNdesign to4344TOto be4345VBbe one4346CDone where4347WRBwhere you4348PPyou 're4349VBPbe getting4350VVGget percent4351NNpercent .4352SENT. [MR. YANG]4353LOC[MR. YANG] I4354PPI do4355VVPdo n't4356RBn't think4357VVthink that4358WDTthat 's4359VBZbe entirely4360RBentirely true4361JJtrue .4362SENT. The4363DTthe thing4364NNthing is4365VBZbe we4366PPwe ...4367:... we4368PPwe ...4369:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]4370LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] You4371PPyou still4372RBstill have4373VHPhave a4374DTa strong4375JJstrong textual4376JJtextual argument4377NNargument .4378SENT. I4379PPI 'm4380VBPbe not4381RBnot ...4382:... [MR. YANG]4383LOC[MR. YANG] No4384UHNo ,4385,, no4386UHno ,4387,, I4388PPI ...4389:... I4390PPI think4391VVPthink we4392PPwe win4393VVwin on4394INon the4395DTthe text4396NNtext regardless4397RBregardless of4398INof the4399DTthe policy4400NNpolicy .4401SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]4402LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Right4403NPRight .4404SENT. I4405PPI understand4406VVPunderstand ...4407:... I4408PPI understand4409VVPunderstand that4410RBthat .4411SENT. [MR. YANG]4412LOC[MR. YANG] But4413CCbut ...4414:... but4415CCbut the4416DTthe ...4417:... I4418PPI think4419VVPthink on4420INon the4421DTthe policy4422NNpolicy ,4423,, there4424EXthere are4425VBPbe going4426VVGgo to4427TOto be4428VBbe cases4429NNScase where4430WRBwhere you4431PPyou 're4432VBPbe going4433VVGgo to4434TOto get4435VVget greater4436JJRgreat than4437INthan percent4438NNpercent .4439SENT. For4440INfor instance4441NNinstance ,4442,, there4443EXthere are4444VBPbe cases4445NNScase where4446WRBwhere there4447EXthere 's4448VBZbe representation4449NNrepresentation in4450INin an4451DTan overpayment4452NNoverpayment case4453NNcase ,4454,, as4455INas we4456PPwe were4457VBDbe just4458RBjust discussing4459VVGdiscuss .4460SENT. Well4461UHwell ,4462,, maybe4463RBmaybe you4464PPyou get4465VVPget ...4466:... and4467CCand as4468INas a4469DTa result4470NNresult of4471INof an4472DTan overpayment4473NNoverpayment case4474NNcase ,4475,, you4476PPyou do4477VVPdo n't4478RBn't get4479VVget past-due4480JJpast-due benefits4481NNSbenefit ,4482,, but4483CCbut the4484DTthe agency4485NNagency and4486CCand the4487DTthe court4488NNcourt may4489MDmay well4490RBwell approve4491VVapprove a4492DTa reasonable4493JJreasonable fee4494NNfee for4495INfor payment4496NNpayment in4497INin such4498JJsuch cases4499NNScase .4500SENT. There4501EXthere are4502VBPbe other4503JJother cases4504NNScase where4505WRBwhere disability4506NNdisability ...4507:... the4508DTthe onset4509NNonset date4510NNdate is4511VBZbe sufficiently4512RBsufficiently late4513JJlate .4514SENT. For4515INfor instance4516NNinstance ,4517,, new4518JJnew evidence4519NNevidence came4520VVDcome in4521INin on4522INon remand4523NNremand .4524SENT. There4525EXthere 's4526VBZbe a4527DTa five-month4528NNfive-month waiting4529VVGwait period4530NNperiod before4531INbefore your4532PP$your eligibility4533NNeligibility ...4534:... eligible4535JJeligible for4536INfor benefits4537NNSbenefit .4538SENT. So4539RBso it4540PPit may4541MDmay be4542VBbe that4543IN/thatthat even4544RBeven if4545INif you4546PPyou 're4547VBPbe found4548VVNfind disabled4549VVNdisable in4550INin the4551DTthe proceeding4552NNproceeding ...4553:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]4554LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] But4555CCbut I4556PPI think4557VVPthink the4558DTthe import4559NNimport of4560INof Justice4561NPJustice Kavanaugh4562NPKavanaugh 's4563POS's question4564NNquestion is4565VBZbe that4566IN/thatthat in4567INin the4568DTthe usual4569JJusual case4570NNcase in4571INin which4572WDTwhich there4573EXthere are4574VBPbe proceedings4575NNSproceeding both4576CCboth at4577INat the4578DTthe Commission4579NPCommission and4580CCand at4581INat a4582DTa district4583NNdistrict court4584NNcourt ,4585,, and4586CCand there4587EXthere are4588VBPbe two4589CDtwo 254590CD@card@ percent4591NNpercent caps4592NNScap ,4593,, it4594PPit ...4595:... it4596PPit ...4597:... it4598PPit 's4599VBZbe not4600RBnot the4601DTthe government4602NNgovernment 's4603POS's position4604NNposition that4605IN/thatthat in4606INin that4607DTthat usual4608JJusual case4609NNcase where4610WRBwhere lawyers4611NNSlawyer can4612MDcan say4613VVsay ,4614,, well4615UHwell ,4616,, I4617PPI won4618VVDwin here4619RBhere and4620CCand I4621PPI won4622VVDwin there4623RBthere ,4624,, that4625IN/thatthat both4626DTboth of4627INof them4628PPthem are4629VBPbe entitled4630VVNentitle to4631TOto 254632CD@card@ percent4633NNpercent fees4634NNSfee or4635CCor that4636IN/thatthat both4637DTboth of4638INof them4639PPthem should4640MDshould get4641VVget 254642CD@card@ percent4643NNpercent fees4644NNSfee .4645SENT. [MR. YANG]4646LOC[MR. YANG] In4647INin a4648DTa normal4649JJnormal case4650NNcase where4651WRBwhere you4652PPyou 've4653VHPhave got4654VVNget a4655DTa substantial4656JJsubstantial amount4657NNamount of4658INof past-due4659JJpast-due benefits4660NNSbenefit ,4661,, we4662PPwe think4663VVPthink that4664WDTthat 's4665VBZbe not4666RBnot the4667DTthe case4668NNcase .4669SENT. When4670WRBwhen there4671EXthere are4672VBPbe smaller4673JJRsmall amounts4674NNSamount of4675INof past-due4676JJpast-due benefits4677NNSbenefit ,4678,, if4679INif there4680EXthere 's4681VBZbe only4682RBonly ,4683,, say4684VVsay ,4685,, $4686$$ 5,0004687CD@card@ of4688INof past-due4689JJpast-due benefits4690NNSbenefit ,4691,, we4692PPwe 're4693VBPbe only4694RBonly ...4695:... we4696PPwe 're4697VBPbe talking4698VVGtalk about4699RBabout very4700RBvery small4701JJsmall amounts4702NNSamount of4703INof compensation4704NNcompensation for4705INfor attorneys4706NNSattorney .4707SENT. And4708CCand it4709PPit 's4710VBZbe important4711JJimportant to4712TOto recognize4713VVrecognize also4714RBalso that4715IN/thatthat we4716PPwe 're4717VBPbe only4718RBonly talking4719VVGtalk about4720INabout the4721DTthe past-due4722JJpast-due benefits4723NNSbenefit .4724SENT. [JUSTICE ALITO]4725LOC[JUSTICE ALITO] What4726WDTwhat ...4727:... [MR. YANG]4728LOC[MR. YANG] For4729INfor a4730DTa disability4731NNdisability complaint4732NNcomplaint ...4733:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]4734LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] I4735PPI do4736VVPdo n't4737RBn't ...4738:... I4739PPI think4740VVPthink ,4741,, you4742PPyou know4743VVPknow ,4744,, what4745WPwhat strikes4746VVZstrike me4747PPme as4748RBas ...4749:... as4750RBas ,4751,, you4752PPyou know4753VVPknow ,4754,, troublesome4755JJtroublesome about4756INabout this4757DTthis ,4758,, and4759CCand then4760RBthen you4761PPyou could4762MDcould add4763VVadd a4764DTa court4765NNcourt of4766INof appeals4767NNSappeal proceeding4768VVGproceed to4769TOto it4770PPit and4771CCand the4772DTthe possibility4773NNpossibility of4774INof 754775CD@card@ percent4776NNpercent fees4777NNSfee .4778SENT. So4779RBso ,4780,, you4781PPyou know4782VVPknow ,4783,, could4784MDcould that4785RBthat possibly4786RBpossibly have4787VHhave been4788VBNbe what4789WPwhat Congress4790NPCongress wanted4791VVDwant ?4792SENT? [MR. YANG]4793LOC[MR. YANG] Well4794UHwell ,4795,, I4796PPI guess4797VVPguess there4798EXthere 's4799VBZbe two4800CDtwo points4801NNSpoint .4802SENT. One4803CDOne ,4804,, Congress4805NPCongress was4806VBDbe concerned4807VVNconcern not4808RBnot only4809RBonly about4810INabout past-due4811JJpast-due benefits4812NNSbenefit ,4813,, but4814CCbut Congress4815NPCongress would4816MDwould have4817VHhave understood4818VVNunderstand that4819IN/thatthat for4820INfor a4821DTa disabled4822JJdisabled person4823NNperson and4824CCand particularly4825RBparticularly one4826CDone who4827WPwho is4828VBZbe permanently4829RBpermanently disabled4830JJdisabled ,4831,, ongoing4832JJongoing future4833JJfuture benefits4834NNSbenefit ,4835,, which4836WDTwhich are4837VBPbe untouched4838JJuntouched by4839INby this4840DTthis caps4841NNScap ,4842,, are4843VBPbe protected4844VVNprotect .4845SENT. And4846CCand ,4847,, in4848INin fact4849NNfact ,4850,, they4851PPthey protected4852VVDprotect them4853PPthem under4854INunder 4074855CD@card@ .4856SENT. The4857DTthe second4858JJsecond point4859NNpoint is4860VBZbe I4861PPI think4862VVPthink you4863PPyou raised4864VVDraise the4865DTthe question4866NNquestion of4867INof 754868CD@card@ percent4869NNpercent .4870SENT. The4871DTthe government4872NNgovernment 's4873POS's view4874NNview is4875VBZbe that4876IN/thatthat the4877DTthe cap4878NNcap in4879INin (4880(( b4881LSb )4882)) ,4883,, 4064884CD@card@ (4885(( b4886LSb )4887)) ,4888,, is4889VBZbe percent4890NNpercent for4891INfor all4892DTall of4893INof the4894DTthe court4895NNcourt proceedings4896NNSproceeding ,4897,, including4898VVGinclude appeals4899NNSappeal .4900SENT. And4901CCand there4902EXthere 's4903VBZbe multiple4904JJmultiple reasons4905NNSreason for4906INfor that4907DTthat .4908SENT. We4909PPwe think4910VVPthink the4911DTthe text4912NNtext ,4913,, when4914WRBwhen read4915VVNread in4916INin light4917NNlight of4918INof the4919DTthe Dictionary4920NPDictionary Act4921NPAct ,4922,, is4923VBZbe amenable4924JJamenable to4925TOto that4926DTthat reading4927NNreading .4928SENT. But4929CCbut ,4930,, if4931INif you4932PPyou took4933VVDtake the4934DTthe opposite4935JJopposite reading4936NNreading ,4937,, you4938PPyou could4939MDcould have4940VHhave four4941CDfour ,4942,, five4943CDfive ,4944,, six4945CDsix proceedings4946NNSproceeding with4947INwith multiple4948JJmultiple remands4949NNSremand ,4950,, coming4951VVGcome up4952RPup to4953TOto this4954DTthis Court4955NNcourt perhaps4956RBperhaps ,4957,, there4958EXthere 's4959VBZbe no4960DTno way4961NNway you4962PPyou can4963MDcan get4964VVget more4965JJRmore than4966INthan percent4967NNpercent of4968INof past-due4969JJpast-due benefits4970NNSbenefit if4971INif there4972EXthere are4973VBPbe five4974CDfive proceedings4975NNSproceeding .4976SENT. So4977INso that4978DTthat anomaly4979NNanomaly suggests4980VVZsuggest that4981IN/thatthat our4982PP$our reading4983NNreading of4984INof a4985DTa 254986CD@card@ percent4987NNpercent aggregate4988JJaggregate cap4989NNcap for4990INfor the4991DTthe judicial4992JJjudicial proceedings4993NNSproceeding is4994VBZbe what4995WPwhat was4996VBDbe intended4997VVNintend by4998INby Congress4999NPCongress in5000INin 4065001CD@card@ (5002(( b5003LSb )5004)) ,5005,, which5006WDTwhich would5007MDwould then5008RBthen suggest5009VVsuggest that5010IN/thatthat normally5011RBnormally ,5012,, although5013INalthough there5014EXthere 's5015VBZbe not5016RBnot always5017RBalways ...5018:... it5019PPit 's5020VBZbe not5021RBnot always5022RBalways the5023DTthe case5024NNcase because5025INbecause sometimes5026RBsometimes agency5027NNagency fees5028NNSfee can5029MDcan exceed5030VVexceed 255031CD@card@ percent5032NNpercent of5033INof past-due5034JJpast-due benefits5035NNSbenefit ,5036,, normally5037RBnormally ,5038,, it5039PPit should5040MDshould not5041RBnot exceed5042VVexceed percent5043NNpercent ,5044,, and5045CCand in5046INin many5047JJmany cases5048NNScase ,5049,, where5050WRBwhere the5051DTthe courts5052NNScourt ...5053:... where5054WRBwhere you5055PPyou 've5056VHPhave got5057VVNget a5058DTa lot5059NNlot of5060INof benefits5061NNSbenefit ,5062,, as5063INas the5064DTthe Court5065NNcourt recognized5066VVNrecognize in5067INin Gisbrecht5068NPGisbrecht ,5069,, the5070DTthe reasonableness5071NNreasonableness criterion5072NNcriterion allows5073VVZallow courts5074NNScourt to5075TOto police5076VVpolice for5077INfor windfall5078NNwindfall ...5079:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]5080LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Well5081UHWell ,5082,, what5083WPwhat 's5084VHZhave your5085PP$your definition5086NNdefinition of5087INof "5088``" smaller5089JJRsmall "5090''" versus5091CCversus "5092``" more5093RBRmore substantial5094JJsubstantial "5095''" that5096IN/thatthat you5097PPyou used5098VVDuse in5099INin response5100NNresponse to5101TOto Justice5102NPJustice Kagan5103NPKagan 's5104POS's question5105NNquestion ?5106SENT? [MR. YANG]5107LOC[MR. YANG] Well5108UHWell ,5109,, I5110PPI ...5111:... I5112PPI think5113VVPthink it5114PPit will5115MDwill depend5116VVdepend on5117INon the5118DTthe amount5119NNamount of5120INof time5121NNtime and5122CCand litigation5123NNlitigation spent5124VVNspend on5125INon the5126DTthe case5127NNcase ,5128,, but5129CCbut what5130WPwhat is5131VBZbe ...5132:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]5133LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] The5134DTthe money5135NNmoney 's5136POS's coming5137VVGcome right5138NNright out5139RPout of5140INof the5141DTthe claimant5142NNclaimant 's5143POS's pocket5144NNpocket .5145SENT. [MR. YANG]5146LOC[MR. YANG] It5147PPit 's5148VBZbe coming5149VVGcome out5150RPout of5151INof the5152DTthe past-due5153JJpast-due benefits5154NNSbenefit .5155SENT. That's5156NPThat's ...5157:... that5158WDTthat 's5159VBZbe correct5160JJcorrect .5161SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]5162LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Right5163NPRight .5164SENT. [MR. YANG]5165LOC[MR. YANG] And5166CCand so5167RBso for5168INfor ...5169:... in5170INin this5171DTthis case5172NNcase ,5173,, you5174PPyou know5175VVPknow ,5176,, in5177INin this5178DTthis case5179NNcase ,5180,, I5181PPI think5182VVPthink we5183PPwe would5184MDwould have5185VHhave ...5186:... it5187PPit falls5188VVZfall somewhere5189RBsomewhere in5190INin the5191DTthe middle5192NNmiddle .5193SENT. At5194INat page5195NNpage ,5196,, you5197PPyou know5198VVPknow ,5199,, 125200CD@card@ ,5201,, we5202PPwe have5203VHPhave kind5204NNkind of5205INof a5206DTa chart5207NNchart with5208INwith all5209PDTall the5210DTthe ...5211:... the5212DTthe sums5213NNSsum ,5214,, and5215CCand we5216PPwe 're5217VBPbe talking5218VVGtalk about5219INabout a5220DTa past-due5221JJpast-due benefit5222NNbenefit award5223NNaward ...5224:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]5225LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Right5226NPRight .5227SENT. [MR. YANG]5228LOC[MR. YANG] ...5229:... of5230INof about5231RBabout $5232$$ 35,0005233CD@card@ .5234SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]5235LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] It5236PPit comes5237VVZcome right5238RBright out5239RBout of5240INof the5241DTthe claimant5242NNclaimant 's5243POS's pocket5244NNpocket ,5245,, and5246CCand it5247PPit ...5248:... and5249CCand it5250PPit 's5251VBZbe unusual5252JJunusual to5253TOto have5254VHhave a5255DTa 505256CD@card@ percent5257NNpercent chunk5258NNchunk out5259INout of5260INof a5261DTa claimant's5262NNSclaimant's ...5263:... out5264RBout of5265INof a5266DTa party5267NNparty 's5268POS's pocket5269NNpocket .5270SENT. [MR. YANG]5271LOC[MR. YANG] That5272DTthat ...5273:... that5274WDTthat is5275VBZbe true5276JJtrue for5277INfor many5278JJmany tort5279NNtort cases5280NNScase ,5281,, although5282INalthough I5283PPI do5284VVPdo n't5285RBn't believe5286VVbelieve it5287PPit 's5288VBZbe unheard5289JJunheard of5290INof .5291SENT. The5292DTthe ...5293:... there5294EXthere are5295VBPbe ,5296,, depending5297VVGdepend on5298INon the5299DTthe risk5300NNrisk ...5301:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]5302LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Yeah5303UHYeah ,5304,, I5305PPI said5306VVDsay unusual5307JJunusual ,5308,, yeah5309RByeah .5310SENT. [MR. YANG]5311LOC[MR. YANG] Yeah5312NPYeah ,5313,, and5314CCand in5315INin a5316DTa lot5317NNlot of5318INof these5319DTthese cases5320NNScase ,5321,, you5322PPyou must5323MDmust understand5324VVunderstand these5325DTthese are5326VBPbe all5327RBall generally5328RBgenerally taken5329VVNtake on5330INon contingency5331NNcontingency .5332SENT. So5333RBso ...5334:... and5335CCand we5336PPwe 're5337VBPbe talking5338VVGtalk about5339INabout low5340JJlow stakes5341NNSstake ,5342,, and5343CCand there5344EXthere 's5345VBZbe uncertainty5346NNuncertainty about5347INabout how5348WRBhow many5349JJmany ,5350,, if5351INif any5352DTany ,5353,, past-due5354JJpast-due benefits5355NNSbenefit ,5356,, even5357RBeven if5358INif you5359PPyou prevail5360VVPprevail ...5361:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]5362LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Well5363UHwell ,5364,, it5365PPit 's5366VBZbe low5367JJlow stakes5368NNSstake for5369INfor the5370DTthe attorney5371NNattorney ,5372,, but5373CCbut it5374PPit 's5375VBZbe high5376JJhigh stakes5377NNSstake for5378INfor the5379DTthe claimant5380NNclaimant .5381SENT. [MR. YANG]5382LOC[MR. YANG] That5383DTthat is5384VBZbe true5385JJtrue ,5386,, but5387CCbut ,5388,, again5389RBagain ,5390,, there5391EXthere are5392VBPbe two5393CDtwo countervailing5394VVGcountervail interests5395NNSinterest that5396IN/thatthat Congress5397NPCongress was5398VBDbe trying5399VVGtry to5400TOto address5401VVaddress here5402RBhere .5403SENT. One5404PPone was5405VBDbe excessive5406JJexcessive fees5407NNSfee ,5408,, which5409WDTwhich I5410PPI think5411VVPthink will5412MDwill depend5413VVdepend on5414INon the5415DTthe circumstances5416NNScircumstance of5417INof the5418DTthe case5419NNcase ,5420,, what5421WPwhat is5422VBZbe excessive5423JJexcessive .5424SENT. But5425CCbut the5426DTthe other5427JJother is5428VBZbe assuring5429VVGassure adequate5430JJadequate representation5431NNrepresentation for5432INfor claimants5433NNSclaimant .5434SENT. That5435DTthat 's5436VBZbe an5437DTan important5438JJimportant element5439NNelement of5440INof this5441DTthis .5442SENT. And5443CCand if5444INif you5445PPyou ...5446:... if5447INif the5448DTthe cap5449NNcap is5450VBZbe too5451RBtoo ...5452:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]5453LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] That's5454NPThat's ...5455:... that5456WDTthat 's5457VBZbe where5458WRBwhere ...5459:... I5460PPI 'm5461VBPbe sorry5462JJsorry to5463TOto belabor5464VVbelabor this5465DTthis ,5466,, but5467CCbut that5468DTthat 's5469VBZbe where5470WRBwhere the5471DTthe amicus5472NNamicus briefs5473NNSbrief of5474INof the5475DTthe disabled5476JJdisabled ...5477:... disability5478NNdisability attorneys5479NNSattorney comes5480VVZcome in5481INin because5482INbecause they5483PPthey say5484VVPsay they5485PPthey usually5486RBusually agree5487VVPagree not5488RBnot to5489TOto take5490VVtake more5491JJRmore than5492INthan percent5493NNpercent .5494SENT. So5495RBso I5496PPI 'm5497VBPbe not5498RBnot sure5499JJsure how5500WRBhow your5501PP$your point5502NNpoint about5503INabout the5504DTthe incentive5505NNincentive structure5506NNstructure actually5507RBactually fits5508VVZfit what5509WPwhat 's5510VBZbe going5511VVGgo on5512INon in5513INin those5514DTthose areas5515NNSarea ...5516:... [MR. YANG]5517LOC[MR. YANG] Well5518UHwell ,5519,, I5520PPI think5521VVPthink attorneys5522NNSattorney ...5523:... the5524DTthe fee5525NNfee ...5526:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]5527LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] ...5528:... where5529WRBwhere there5530EXthere 's5531VBZbe not5532RBnot a5533DTa cap5534NNcap .5535SENT. [MR. YANG]5536LOC[MR. YANG] ...5537:... the5538DTthe typical5539JJtypical fee5540NNfee agreement5541NNagreement that5542WDTthat exists5543VVZexist caps5544NNScap out5545RBout at5546INat 255547CD@card@ percent5548NNpercent of5549INof past-due5550JJpast-due benefits5551NNSbenefit ,5552,, both5553CCboth for5554INfor the5555DTthe agency5556NNagency and5557CCand for5558INfor the5559DTthe attorney5560NNattorney .5561SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]5562LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Exactly5563RBexactly .5564SENT. So5565RBso you5566PPyou do5567VVPdo n't5568RBn't need5569VVneed 505570CD@card@ percent5571NNpercent to5572TOto incentivize5573VVincentivize .5574SENT. [MR. YANG]5575LOC[MR. YANG] Well5576UHwell ,5577,, there5578EXthere are5579VBPbe different5580JJdifferent fee5581NNfee agreements5582NNSagreement ,5583,, both5584CCboth for5585INfor the5586DTthe agency5587NNagency at5588INat 255589CD@card@ and5590CCand for5591INfor the5592DTthe court5593NNcourt at5594INat 255595CD@card@ .5596SENT. That5597DTthat ...5598:... that5599WDTthat 's5600VBZbe what5601WPwhat was5602VBDbe at5603INat issue5604NNissue here5605RBhere .5606SENT. So5607RBso ,5608,, if5609INif you5610PPyou were5611VBDbe to5612TOto look5613VVlook at5614INat the5615DTthe fee5616NNfee agreements5617NNSagreement that5618WDTthat were5619VBDbe signed5620VVNsign by5621INby Mr5622NPMr .5623SENT. Culbertson5624NPCulbertson and5625CCand the5626DTthe claimant5627NNclaimant in5628INin this5629DTthis case5630NNcase ,5631,, it5632PPit actually5633RBactually would5634MDwould be5635VBbe a5636DTa 505637CD@card@ percent5638NNpercent fee5639NNfee that5640WDTthat was5641VBDbe agreed5642VVNagree to5643TOto .5644SENT. So5645RBso I5646PPI think5647VVPthink the5648DTthe ...5649:... what5650WPwhat ...5651:... what5652WPwhat you5653PPyou may5654MDmay be5655VBbe referring5656VVGrefer to5657TOto in5658INin the5659DTthe agency5660NNagency or5661CCor in5662INin the5663DTthe amicus5664NNamicus brief5665NNbrief was5666VBDbe fee5667NNfee agreements5668NNSagreement are5669VBPbe 255670CD@card@ percent5671NNpercent ,5672,, but5673CCbut there5674EXthere 's5675VBZbe a5676DTa fee5677NNfee agreement5678NNagreement for5679INfor agency5680NNagency proceedings5681NNSproceeding and5682CCand there5683EXthere 's5684VBZbe a5685DTa separate5686JJseparate one5687CDone for5688INfor court5689NNcourt proceedings5690NNSproceeding .5691SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]5692LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] So5693RBso ,5694,, if5695INif I5696PPI understand5697VVPunderstand what5698WPwhat you5699PPyou 're5700VBPbe saying5701VVGsay to5702TOto us5703PPus ,5704,, Mr5705NPMr .5706SENT. Yang5707NPYang ,5708,, there5709EXthere have5710VHPhave been5711VBNbe ...5712:... one5713PPone could5714MDcould respond5715VVrespond to5716TOto some5717DTsome of5718INof these5719DTthese qualms5720NNSqualm about5721INabout a5722DTa 505723CD@card@ percent5724NNpercent fee5725NNfee by5726INby saying5727VVGsay do5728VVPdo n't5729RBn't worry5730VVworry ,5731,, it5732PPit will5733MDwill never5734RBnever happen5735VVhappen .5736SENT. But5737CCbut you5738PPyou 're5739VBPbe specifically5740RBspecifically not5741RBnot saying5742VVGsay that5743DTthat .5744SENT. You5745PPyou 're5746VBPbe saying5747VVGsay in5748INin a5749DTa case5750NNcase where5751WRBwhere there5752EXthere are5753VBPbe proceedings5754NNSproceeding at5755INat two5756CDtwo different5757JJdifferent levels5758NNSlevel ,5759,, 505760CD@card@ percent5761NNpercent fees5762NNSfee is5763VBZbe going5764VVGgo to5765TOto happen5766VVhappen ,5767,, and5768CCand it5769PPit 's5770VBZbe going5771VVGgo to5772TOto happen5773VVhappen in5774INin order5775NNorder to5776TOto ensure5777VVensure representation5778NNrepresentation at5779INat both5780DTboth of5781INof those5782DTthose levels5783NNSlevel .5784SENT. [MR. YANG]5785LOC[MR. YANG] It5786PPit ...5787:... it5788PPit ...5789:... it5790PPit may5791MDmay well5792RBwell happen5793VVhappen .5794SENT. Those5795DTthose fees5796NNSfee would5797MDwould have5798VHhave to5799TOto be5800VBbe determined5801VVNdetermine to5802TOto be5803VBbe reasonable5804JJreasonable ,5805,, but5806CCbut ...5807:... and5808CCand that5809IN/thatthat there5810EXthere is5811VBZbe a5812DTa judicial5813JJjudicial as5814RBas well5815RBwell as5816INas an5817DTan administrative5818JJadministrative check5819NNcheck on5820INon that5821DTthat .5822SENT. But5823CCbut ,5824,, yes5825UHyes ,5826,, if5827INif it5828PPit is5829VBZbe a5830DTa reasonable5831JJreasonable fee5832NNfee in5833INin those5834DTthose circumstances5835NNScircumstance ,5836,, sometimes5837RBsometimes it5838PPit may5839MDmay well5840RBwell be5841VBbe percent5842NNpercent .5843SENT. And5844CCand that5845DTthat is5846VBZbe a5847DTa necessary5848JJnecessary consequence5849NNconsequence of5850INof the5851DTthe ...5852:... of5853INof providing5854VVGprovide sufficient5855JJsufficient incentives5856NNSincentive that5857WDTthat Congress5858NPCongress thought5859VVDthink were5860VBDbe appropriate5861JJappropriate in5862INin this5863DTthis context5864NNcontext to5865TOto incentivize5866VVincentivize counsel5867NNcounsel both5868CCboth at5869INat the5870DTthe agency5871NNagency level5872NNlevel and5873CCand before5874INbefore the5875DTthe court5876NNcourt .5877SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]5878LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Thank5879VVthank you5880PPyou ,5881,, counsel5882NNcounsel .5883SENT. [MR. YANG]5884LOC[MR. YANG] Thank5885VVthank you5886PPyou .5887SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]5888LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Ms5889NNMs .5890SENT. Weil5891NPWeil .5892SENT.

[MS. WEIL]5893LOC[MS. WEIL] Mr5894NPMr .5895SENT. Chief5896NPChief Justice5897NPJustice ,5898,, and5899CCand may5900MDmay it5901PPit please5902VVplease the5903DTthe Court5904NPCourt :5905:: Section5906NPSection 4065907CD@card@ is5908VBZbe not5909RBnot a5910DTa model5911NNmodel of5912INof clarity5913NNclarity .5914SENT. It5915PPit 's5916VBZbe a5917DTa piecemeal5918JJpiecemeal statute5919NNstatute that5920WDTthat was5921VBDbe enacted5922VVNenact over5923INover a5924DTa series5925NNseries of5926INof amendments5927NNSamendment over5928INover a5929DTa course5930NNcourse of5931INof 505932CD@card@ years5933NNSyear .5934SENT. But5935CCbut the5936DTthe best5937JJSgood interpretation5938NNinterpretation of5939INof its5940PP$its provisions5941NNSprovision ,5942,, one5943CDone that5944WDTthat the5945DTthe agency5946NNagency has5947VHZhave adopted5948VVNadopt and5949CCand ...5950:... and5951CCand argued5952VVDargue in5953INin favor5954NNfavor of5955INof in5956INin the5957DTthe courts5958NNScourt for5959INfor half5960PDThalf a5961DTa century5962NNcentury ,5963,, up5964RBup until5965INuntil April5966NPApril of5967INof this5968DTthis year5969NNyear ,5970,, is5971VBZbe that5972IN/thatthat it5973PPit imposes5974VVZimpose a5975DTa 255976CD@card@ percent5977NNpercent aggregate5978JJaggregate cap5979NNcap on5980INon agency5981NNagency and5982CCand court5983NNcourt fees5984NNSfee .5985SENT. There5986EXthere are5987VBPbe three5988CDthree primary5989JJprimary reasons5990NNSreason why5991WRBwhy this5992DTthis is5993VBZbe the5994DTthe best5995JJSgood interpretation5996NNinterpretation of5997INof the5998DTthe statute5999NNstatute .6000SENT. First6001RBfirst ,6002,, it6003PPit is6004VBZbe the6005DTthe most6006RBSmost plausible6007JJplausible reading6008NNreading .6009SENT. When6010WRBwhen you6011PPyou take6012VVPtake all6013DTall of6014INof the6015DTthe amendments6016NNSamendment as6017INas a6018DTa whole6019NNwhole ,6020,, when6021WRBwhen you6022PPyou read6023VVPread it6024PPit ,6025,, and6026CCand in6027INin the6028DTthe order6029NNorder ...6030:... in6031INin the6032DTthe order6033NNorder in6034INin the6035DTthe enactment6036NNenactment of6037INof the6038DTthe amendments6039NNSamendment ,6040,, and6041CCand if6042INif you6043PPyou look6044VVPlook at6045INat the6046DTthe multiple6047JJmultiple references6048NNSreference within6049INwithin them6050PPthem to6051TOto a6052DTa 256053CD@card@ percent6054NNpercent cap6055NNcap ,6056,, and6057CCand if6058INif you6059PPyou look6060VVPlook at6061INat the6062DTthe fact6063NNfact that6064IN/thatthat the6065DTthe eye6066NNeye toward6067INtoward the6068DTthe purpose6069NNpurpose of6070INof the6071DTthe statute6072NNstatute is6073VBZbe to6074TOto regulate6075VVregulate attorney6076NNattorney 's6077POS's fees6078NNSfee in6079INin a6080DTa fair6081JJfair manner6082NNmanner ,6083,, to6084TOto protect6085VVprotect the6086DTthe benefits6087NNSbenefit of6088INof the6089DTthe disabled6090JJdisabled with6091INwith one6092CDone 256093CD@card@ percent6094NNpercent withholding6095NNwithholding ,6096,, it6097PPit is6098VBZbe a6099DTa reasonable6100JJreasonable ,6101,, plausible6102JJplausible interpretation6103NNinterpretation .6104SENT. And6105CCand it6106PPit is6107VBZbe one6108CDone ,6109,, second6110RBsecond ,6111,, which6112WDTwhich the6113DTthe agency6114NNagency agreed6115VVDagree with6116INwith and6117CCand devised6118VVDdevise a6119DTa framework6120NNframework for6121INfor the6122DTthe payment6123NNpayment of6124INof fees6125NNSfee and6126CCand the6127DTthe representation6128NNrepresentation of6129INof claimants6130NNSclaimant in6131INin the6132DTthe ...6133:... before6134INbefore the6135DTthe agency6136NNagency and6137CCand before6138INbefore the6139DTthe court6140NNcourt .6141SENT. And6142CCand they6143PPthey created6144VVDcreate this6145DTthis framework6146NNframework with6147INwith ,6148,, as6149INas its6150PP$its most6151RBSmost notable6152JJnotable feature6153NNfeature ,6154,, this6155DTthis one6156CDone percent6157NNpercent cap6158NNcap ,6159,, which6160WDTwhich would6161MDwould make6162VVmake little6163JJlittle sense6164NNsense if6165INif there6166EXthere was6167VBDbe not6168RBnot an6169DTan aggregate6170JJaggregate 256171CD@card@ percent6172NNpercent cap6173NNcap on6174INon fees6175NNSfee .6176SENT. There6177EXthere 's6178VBZbe one6179CDone 256180CD@card@ percent6181NNpercent withholding6182NNwithholding .6183SENT. And6184CCand ,6185,, also6186RBalso ,6187,, third6188JJthird ,6189,, the6190DTthe capping6191VVGcap of6192INof these6193DTthese fees6194NNSfee by6195INby 256196CD@card@ percent6197NNpercent balances6198VVZbalance what6199WPwhat we6200PPwe know6201VVPknow to6202TOto be6203VBbe Congress6204NPCongress 's6205POS's intent6206NNintent .6207SENT. It6208PPit was6209VBDbe stated6210VVNstate in6211INin 19656212CD@card@ in6213INin enacting6214VVGenact the6215DTthe first6216JJfirst 256217CD@card@ percent6218NNpercent cap6219NNcap .6220SENT. They6221PPthey were6222VBDbe concerned6223VVNconcern about6224INabout the6225DTthe inordinate6226JJinordinate attorney6227NNattorney 's6228POS's fees6229NNSfee that6230WDTthat were6231VBDbe being6232VBGbe collected6233VVNcollect when6234RBwhen ...6235:... when6236WRBwhen the6237DTthe court6238NNcourt fees6239NNSfee were6240VBDbe not6241RBnot being6242VBGbe regulated6243VVNregulate .6244SENT. At6245INat the6246DTthe time6247NNtime ,6248,, the6249DTthe agency6250NNagency fees6251NNSfee were6252VBDbe regulated6253VVNregulate to6254TOto $6255$$ 206256CD@card@ or6257CCor $6258$$ 306259CD@card@ if6260INif you6261PPyou had6262VHDhave to6263TOto go6264VVgo before6265INbefore the6266DTthe Appeals6267NPAppeals Council6268NPCouncil also6269RBalso ,6270,, but6271CCbut there6272EXthere was6273VBDbe no6274DTno cap6275NNcap on6276INon court6277NNcourt fees6278NNSfee .6279SENT. And6280CCand they6281PPthey were6282VBDbe concerned6283VVNconcern by6284INby just6285RBjust percent6286NNpercent ,6287,, but6288CCbut a6289DTa third6290JJthird to6291TOto a6292DTa half6293NNhalf of6294INof fees6295NNSfee being6296VBGbe paid6297VVNpay to6298TOto attorneys6299NNSattorney for6300INfor having6301VHGhave to6302TOto take6303VVtake these6304DTthese cases6305NNScase to6306TOto court6307NNcourt .6308SENT. If6309INif the6310DTthe claimants6311NNSclaimant had6312VHDhave been6313VBNbe successful6314JJsuccessful originally6315RBoriginally and6316CCand the6317DTthe agency6318NNagency had6319VHDhave n't6320RBn't wrongfully6321RBwrongfully withheld6322VVNwithhold the6323DTthe benefits6324NNSbenefit ,6325,, the6326DTthe ...6327:... the6328DTthe claimants6329NNSclaimant would6330MDwould have6331VHhave had6332VHNhave 1006333CD@card@ percent6334NNpercent of6335INof their6336PP$their past-due6337JJpast-due benefits6338NNSbenefit .6339SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]6340LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] Counsel6341NPCounsel ,6342,, on6343INon that6344IN/thatthat on6345INon the6346DTthe incentive6347NNincentive structure6348NNstructure point6349NNpoint ,6350,, I6351PPI ...6352:... I6353PPI ...6354:... I6355PPI can6356MDcan surely6357RBsurely understand6358VVunderstand the6359DTthe impulse6360NNimpulse ,6361,, and6362CCand I6363PPI ...6364:... I6365PPI feel6366VVPfeel that6367IN/thatthat the6368DTthe 256369CD@card@ percent6370NNpercent 's6371VBZbe quite6372RBquite a6373DTa lot6374NNlot ,6375,, even6376RBeven if6377INif past-due6378JJpast-due benefits6379NNSbenefit ,6380,, I6381PPI know6382VVPknow future6383JJfuture benefits6384NNSbenefit are6385VBPbe untouched6386JJuntouched ,6387,, and6388CCand that6389DTthat 's6390VBZbe a6391DTa sympathetic6392JJsympathetic position6393NNposition .6394SENT. But6395CCbut could6396MDcould n't6397RBn't a6398DTa rational6399JJrational Congress6400NPCongress also6401RBalso think6402VVPthink that6403IN/thatthat there6404EXthere are6405VBPbe some6406DTsome extraordinary6407JJextraordinary cases6408NNScase that6409WDTthat are6410VBPbe hard6411JJhard and6412CCand in6413INin order6414NNorder to6415TOto incentivize6416VVincentivize attorneys6417NNSattorney more6418RBRmore might6419MDmight be6420VBbe appropriate6421JJappropriate ,6422,, in6423INin order6424NNorder ...6425:... I6426PPI mean6427VVPmean ,6428,, if6429INif you6430PPyou overregulate6431VVPoverregulate ,6432,, you6433PPyou create6434VVPcreate scarcity6435NNscarcity ,6436,, right6437RBright ?6438SENT? And6439CCand if6440INif you6441PPyou overregulate6442VVPoverregulate the6443DTthe availability6444NNavailability of6445INof attorneys6446NNSattorney ,6447,, nobody6448NNnobody 's6449VBZbe going6450VVGgo to6451TOto take6452VVtake the6453DTthe case6454NNcase .6455SENT. [MS. WEIL]6456LOC[MS. WEIL] That6457DTthat is6458VBZbe the6459DTthe ...6460:... [JUSTICE GORSUCH]6461LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] And6462CCand so6463RBso ,6464,, here6465RBhere ,6466,, is6467VBZbe n't6468RBn't it6469PPit at6470INat least6471JJSleast conceivable6472JJconceivable that6473IN/thatthat a6474DTa rational6475JJrational Congress6476NPCongress might6477MDmight think6478VVthink there6479EXthere would6480MDwould be6481VBbe an6482DTan odd6483JJodd case6484NNcase where6485WRBwhere you6486PPyou need6487VVPneed above6488INabove 256489CD@card@ percent6490NNpercent ,6491,, up6492RBup to6493TOto 506494CD@card@ ,6495,, but6496CCbut we6497PPwe 're6498VBPbe going6499VVGgo to6500TOto put6501VVput in6502INin special6503JJspecial checks6504NNScheck ,6505,, a6506DTa reasonableness6507NNreasonableness inquiry6508NNinquiry at6509INat ...6510:... at6511INat the6512DTthe administrative6513JJadministrative level6514NNlevel and6515CCand a6516DTa reasonableness6517NNreasonableness inquiry6518NNinquiry at6519INat the6520DTthe district6521NNdistrict court6522NNcourt ,6523,, all6524DTall of6525INof which6526WDTwhich is6527VBZbe subject6528JJsubject to6529TOto further6530RBRfurther review6531VVreview ,6532,, I6533PPI 'm6534VBPbe sure6535JJsure .6536SENT. So6537RBso why6538RBwhy ...6539:... why6540RBwhy ...6541:... why6542WRBwhy is6543VBZbe that6544IN/thatthat an6545DTan irrational6546JJirrational scheme6547NNscheme to6548TOto provide6549VVprovide incentive6550NNincentive structures6551NNSstructure so6552INso that6553WDTthat people6554NNSpeople do6555VVPdo have6556VHPhave representation6557NNrepresentation and6558CCand that6559IN/thatthat there6560EXthere is6561VBZbe n't6562RBn't artificial6563JJartificial scarcity6564NNscarcity ?6565SENT? [MS. WEIL]6566LOC[MS. WEIL] See6567NPSee ,6568,, it6569PPit 's6570VBZbe not6571RBnot an6572DTan irrational6573JJirrational scheme6574NNscheme to6575TOto say6576VVsay they6577PPthey would6578MDwould have6579VHhave done6580VVNdo it6581PPit some6582DTsome other6583JJother way6584NNway .6585SENT. They6586PPthey did6587VVDdo it6588PPit this6589DTthis way6590NNway because6591INbecause this6592DTthis is6593VBZbe the6594DTthe way6595NNway that6596IN/thatthat balanced6597JJbalanced .6598SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]6599LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] Okay6600NPOkay .6601SENT. So6602INso your6603PP$your argument6604NNargument is6605VBZbe that6606IN/thatthat on6607INon the6608DTthe text6609NNtext you6610PPyou win6611VVPwin ...6612:... [MS. WEIL]6613LOC[MS. WEIL] Well6614UHWell ...6615:... [JUSTICE GORSUCH]6616LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] ...6617:... but6618CCbut as6619INas a6620DTa matter6621NNmatter of6622INof policy6623NNpolicy you6624PPyou admit6625VVPadmit it6626PPit 's6627VBZbe a6628DTa draw6629NNdraw ?6630SENT? [MS. WEIL]6631LOC[MS. WEIL] ...6632:... as6633INas a6634DTa matter6635NNmatter of6636INof policy6637NNpolicy ,6638,, there6639EXthere 's6640VBZbe never6641RBnever been6642VBNbe any6643DTany showing6644NNshowing by6645INby anyone6646NNanyone that6647IN/thatthat there6648EXthere 's6649VBZbe a6650DTa disincentive6651NNdisincentive to6652TOto taking6653VVGtake cases6654NNScase because6655INbecause of6656INof a6657DTa cumulative6658JJcumulative 256659CD@card@ percent6660NNpercent .6661SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]6662LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] You6663PPyou admit6664VVPadmit a6665DTa ...6666:... a6667DTa ...6668:... a6669DTa ...6670:... a6671DTa reasonable6672JJreasonable Congress6673NPCongress could6674MDcould worry6675VVworry about6676INabout that6677DTthat scenario6678NNscenario ?6679SENT? [MS. WEIL]6680LOC[MS. WEIL] This6681NPThis Congress6682NPCongress did6683VVDdo worry6684NNworry about6685INabout the6686DTthe scenario6687NNscenario ...6688:... [JUSTICE GORSUCH]6689LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] Okay6690NPOkay .6691SENT. [MS. WEIL]6692LOC[MS. WEIL] ...6693:... of6694INof their6695PP$their getting6696VVGget more6697JJRmore than6698INthan 256699CD@card@ percent6700NNpercent .6701SENT. And6702CCand they6703PPthey had6704VHDhave to6705TOto balance6706VVbalance because6707INbecause they6708PPthey wanted6709VVDwant to6710TOto make6711VVmake sure6712JJsure people6713NNSpeople were6714VBDbe going6715VVGgo to6716TOto take6717VVtake these6718DTthese cases6719NNScase .6720SENT. And6721CCand ,6722,, as6723INas it6724PPit turned6725VVDturn out6726RPout ,6727,, they6728PPthey do6729VVPdo .6730SENT. There6731EXthere 's6732VBZbe a6733DTa very6734RBvery healthy6735JJhealthy Social6736NPSocial Security6737NPSecurity bar6738NNbar .6739SENT. We6740PPwe also6741RBalso have6742VHPhave the6743DTthe EAJA6744NPEAJA fees6745NNSfee to6746TOto help6747VVhelp protect6748VVprotect attorneys6749NNSattorney .6750SENT. And6751CCand if6752INif you6753PPyou ...6754:... [JUSTICE BREYER]6755LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] So6756RBso is6757VBZbe the6758DTthe only6759RBonly ...6760:... does6761VVZdo this6762DTthis example6763NNexample ,6764,, an6765DTan example6766NNexample of6767INof where6768WRBwhere they6769PPthey might6770MDmight get6771VVget more6772RBRmore ,6773,, they6774PPthey work6775VVPwork very6776RBvery hard6777JJhard ,6778,, long6779JJlong hours6780NNShour ,6781,, and6782CCand they6783PPthey get6784VVPget the6785DTthe client6786NNclient ,6787,, disabled6788JJdisabled ,6789,, and6790CCand as6791INas a6792DTa result6793NNresult of6794INof that6795DTthat ,6796,, the6797DTthe client6798NNclient gets6799VVZget $6800$$ 5,0006801CD@card@ ,6802,, but6803CCbut the6804DTthe client6805NNclient also6806RBalso gets6807VVZget up6808RPup to6809TOto as6810RBas long6811JJlong as6812INas he6813PPhe lives6814VVZlive ,6815,, and6816CCand that6817DTthat 's6818VBZbe all6819DTall future6820NNfuture .6821SENT. So6822INso the6823DTthe client6824NNclient eventually6825RBeventually will6826MDwill get6827VVget half6828PDThalf a6829DTa million6830CDmillion dollars6831NNSdollar .6832SENT. And6833CCand so6834RBso the6835DTthe lawyer6836NNlawyer says6837VVZsay :6838:: Look6839VVlook ,6840,, I6841PPI ...6842:... I6843PPI worked6844VVDwork for6845INfor four6846CDfour months6847NNSmonth ,6848,, and6849CCand I6850PPI know6851VVPknow the6852DTthe past6853JJpast amount6854NNamount 's6855POS's only6856RBonly $6857$$ 5,0006858CD@card@ ,6859,, but6860CCbut when6861WRBwhen you6862PPyou look6863VVPlook at6864INat what6865WPwhat I6866PPI got6867VVDget for6868INfor my6869PP$my client6870NNclient ,6871,, it6872PPit was6873VBDbe half6874PDThalf a6875DTa million6876CDmillion ,6877,, and6878CCand I6879PPI spent6880VVDspend hours6881NNShour .6882SENT. So6883RBso ,6884,, please6885UHplease ,6886,, give6887VVgive me6888PPme not6889RBnot just6890RBjust $6891$$ 12506892CD@card@ but6893CCbut $6894$$ 25006895CD@card@ .6896SENT. [MS. WEIL]6897LOC[MS. WEIL] Well6898UHWell ,6899,, Your6900PP$your ...6901:... [JUSTICE BREYER]6902LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Okay6903NPOkay ?6904SENT? Now6905RBnow ...6906:... but6907CCbut have6908VHPhave I6909PPI ...6910:... have6911VHPhave I6912PPI ...6913:... see6914VVsee ,6915,, I6916PPI 'm6917VBPbe using6918VVGuse that6919IN/thatthat as6920INas an6921DTan example6922NNexample in6923INin my6924PP$my mind6925NNmind as6926INas an6927DTan example6928NNexample of6929INof where6930WRBwhere ,6931,, well6932RBwell ,6933,, this6934DTthis could6935MDcould be6936VBbe justified6937VVNjustify .6938SENT. Now6939RBnow do6940VVPdo I6941PPI have6942VHhave it6943PPit right6944RBright ?6945SENT? That6946DTthat 's6947VBZbe what6948WPwhat I6949PPI 'm6950VBPbe not6951RBnot certain6952JJcertain about6953RBabout .6954SENT. [MS. WEIL]6955LOC[MS. WEIL] Well6956UHWell ,6957,, if6958INif you6959PPyou look6960VVPlook at6961INat the6962DTthe way6963NNway the6964DTthe ...6965:... [JUSTICE BREYER]6966LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Is6967VBZbe my6968PP$my example6969NNexample right6970NNright ?6971SENT? [MS. WEIL]6972LOC[MS. WEIL] Well6973UHWell ,6974,, your6975PP$your example6976NNexample probably6977RBprobably is6978VBZbe n't6979RBn't going6980VVGgo to6981TOto come6982VVcome out6983RPout that6984IN/thatthat there6985EXthere 's6986VBZbe four6987CDfour months6988NNSmonth .6989SENT. The6990DTthe way6991NNway this6992DTthis really6993RBreally works6994VVZwork is6995VBZbe ,6996,, if6997INif you6998PPyou go6999VVPgo before7000INbefore the7001DTthe agency7002NNagency and7003CCand you7004PPyou win7005VVPwin ,7006,, you7007PPyou get7008VVPget agency7009NNagency fees7010NNSfee .7011SENT. You7012PPyou can7013MDcan get7014VVget up7015RPup to7016TOto 257017CD@card@ percent7018NNpercent .7019SENT. You7020PPyou 're7021VBPbe probably7022RBprobably not7023RBnot going7024VVGgo to7025TOto have7026VHhave been7027VBNbe there7028RBthere for7029INfor more7030JJRmore than7031INthan four7032CDfour or7033CCor six7034CDsix months7035NNSmonth ,7036,, maybe7037RBmaybe a7038DTa year7039NNyear ,7040,, but7041CCbut you7042PPyou get7043VVPget the7044DTthe benefits7045NNSbenefit that7046WDTthat are7047VBPbe accumulating7048VVGaccumulate over7049INover time7050NNtime .7051SENT. It7052PPit 's7053VBZbe sort7054NNsort of7055INof like7056JJlike passive7057JJpassive money7058NNmoney .7059SENT. It7060PPit 's7061VBZbe accumulating7062VVGaccumulate over7063INover time7064NNtime .7065SENT. So7066RBso as7067INas those7068DTthose benefits7069NNSbenefit ...7070:... [JUSTICE BREYER]7071LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] It7072PPit all7073RBall adds7074VVZadd up7075RPup to7076TOto $7077$$ 50,0007078CD@card@ because7079INbecause of7080INof the7081DTthe accumulation7082NNaccumulation ...7083:... [MS. WEIL]7084LOC[MS. WEIL] So7085INso it7086PPit could7087MDcould add7088VVadd up7089RPup .7090SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]7091LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] ...7092:... so7093RBso now7094RBnow we7095PPwe get7096VVget $7097$$ 12,5007098CD@card@ and7099CCand he7100PPhe would7101MDwould like7102VVlike $7103$$ 12,0007104CD@card@ more7105RBRmore because7106INbecause he7107PPhe had7108VHDhave to7109TOto go7110VVgo to7111TOto court7112NNcourt ,7113,, and7114CCand that7115WDTthat took7116VVDtake another7117DTanother two7118CDtwo years7119NNSyear ,7120,, and7121CCand ,7122,, besides7123RBbesides ,7124,, the7125DTthe client7126NNclient will7127MDwill not7128RBnot get7129VVget $7130$$ 50,0007131CD@card@ .7132SENT. He7133PPhe will7134MDwill get7135VVget half7136PDThalf a7137DTa million7138CDmillion because7139INbecause he7140PPhe 's7141VBZbe going7142VVGgo to7143TOto live7144VVlive for7145INfor about7146RBabout 907147CD@card@ more7148JJRmore years7149NNSyear .7150SENT. [MS. WEIL]7151LOC[MS. WEIL] But7152CCbut what7153WPwhat you7154PPyou have7155VHPhave to7156TOto take7157VVtake into7158INinto account7159NNaccount ,7160,, Your7161PP$your Honor7162NPHonor ,7163,, is7164VBZbe the7165DTthe fact7166NNfact that7167WDTthat ...7168:... [JUSTICE BREYER]7169LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] I7170PPI just7171RBjust need7172VVPneed ...7173:... I7174PPI need7175VVPneed to7176TOto know7177VVknow first7178JJfirst and7179CCand foremost7180JJforemost ...7181:... [MS. WEIL]7182LOC[MS. WEIL] Right7183RBright .7184SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]7185LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] ...7186:... is7187VBZbe ...7188:... is7189VBZbe ...7190:... is7191VBZbe what7192WPwhat I7193PPI say7194VVPsay ...7195:... this7196DTthis is7197VBZbe a7198DTa tough7199JJtough statute7200NNstatute for7201INfor me7202PPme ...7203:... I7204PPI mean7205VVPmean ,7206,, is7207VBZbe ...7208:... is7209VBZbe this7210DTthis ...7211:... have7212VHPhave I7213PPI got7214VVDget the7215DTthe example7216NNexample right7217NNright ?7218SENT? [MS. WEIL]7219LOC[MS. WEIL] Well7220UHWell ,7221,, the7222DTthe example7223NNexample 's7224POS's right7225NNright in7226INin terms7227NNSterm of7228INof ,7229,, if7230INif you7231PPyou go7232VVPgo before7233INbefore the7234DTthe agency7235NNagency and7236CCand you7237PPyou ...7238:... you7239PPyou lose7240VVPlose ,7241,, you7242PPyou have7243VHPhave to7244TOto go7245VVgo to7246TOto court7247NNcourt .7248SENT. That7249DTthat 's7250VBZbe what7251WPwhat happens7252VVZhappen in7253INin all7254DTall of7255INof these7256DTthese cases7257NNScase .7258SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]7259LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] But7260NPBut ,7261,, counsel7262NNcounsel ,7263,, I7264PPI think7265VVPthink what7266WPwhat Justice7267NPJustice Breyer7268NPBreyer 's7269VBZbe getting7270VVGget at7271INat ,7272,, and7273CCand I7274PPI ...7275:... I7276PPI think7277VVPthink it7278PPit 's7279VBZbe a7280DTa premise7281NNpremise of7282INof my7283PP$my question7284NNquestion too7285RBtoo ,7286,, is7287VBZbe ...7288:... is7289VBZbe ...7290:... is7291VBZbe n't7292RBn't it7293PPit fair7294JJfair to7295TOto say7296VVsay that7297IN/thatthat in7298INin a7299DTa ...7300:... in7301INin a7302DTa ...7303:... in7304INin a7305DTa significant7306JJsignificant number7307NNnumber of7308INof cases7309NNScase that7310IN/thatthat future7311JJfuture benefits7312NNSbenefit are7313VBPbe larger7314JJRlarge than7315INthan past7316JJpast benefits7317NNSbenefit ?7318SENT? [MS. WEIL]7319LOC[MS. WEIL] They're7320NPThey're ...7321:... yes7322UHyes ,7323,, future7324JJfuture benefits7325NNSbenefit are7326VBPbe ,7327,, but7328CCbut I7329PPI disagree7330VVPdisagree with7331INwith the7332DTthe concept7333NNconcept that7334IN/thatthat you7335PPyou won7336MDwill 't7337RB't be7338VBbe hounded7339VVNhound .7340SENT. I7341PPI do7342VVPdo believe7343VVbelieve that7344IN/thatthat there7345EXthere is7346VBZbe definitely7347RBdefinitely leeway7348NNleeway in7349INin the7350DTthe statute7351NNstatute and7352CCand leeway7353NNleeway in7354INin 4077355CD@card@ for7356INfor claimants7357NNSclaimant to7358TOto be7359VBbe hounded7360VVNhound after7361INafter these7362DTthese past-due7363JJpast-due benefits7364NNSbenefit ,7365,, because7366INbecause 4077367CD@card@ only7368RBonly allows7369VVZallow ...7370:... only7371RBonly says7372VVZsay you7373PPyou can7374MDcan 't7375RB't go7376VVgo after7377INafter future7378JJfuture benefits7379NNSbenefit ,7380,, but7381CCbut 4067382CD@card@ (7383(( a7384DTa )7385)) ...7386:... [JUSTICE BREYER]7387LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Ca7388MDCa n't7389RBn't go7390VVgo after7391INafter ...7392:... [MS. WEIL]7393LOC[MS. WEIL] Cannot7394MDcan go7395VVgo after7396INafter future7397JJfuture benefits7398NNSbenefit .7399SENT. But7400CCbut ...7401:... [JUSTICE BREYER]7402LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] But7403CCbut can7404MDcan 't7405RB't ...7406:... can7407MDcan 't7408RB't ...7409:... [MS. WEIL]7410LOC[MS. WEIL] These7411DTthese are7412VBPbe past-due7413JJpast-due benefits7414NNSbenefit .7415SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]7416LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] I7417PPI ...7418:... see7419VVsee ,7420,, that7421WDTthat 's7422VBZbe what7423WPwhat I7424PPI was7425VBDbe worried7426VVNworry about7427RBabout .7428SENT. In7429INin other7430JJother words7431NNSword ,7432,, the7433DTthe client7434NNclient ...7435:... the7436DTthe lawyer7437NNlawyer cannot7438MDcan ask7439VVask for7440INfor a7441DTa fee7442NNfee resting7443VVGrest on7444INon the7445DTthe fact7446NNfact that7447IN/thatthat he7448PPhe got7449VVDget the7450DTthe client7451NNclient a7452DTa million7453CDmillion dollars7454NNSdollar ,7455,, but7456CCbut most7457JJSmost of7458INof it7459PPit 's7460VBZbe in7461INin the7462DTthe future7463NNfuture ?7464SENT? [MS. WEIL]7465LOC[MS. WEIL] He7466PPhe got7467VVDget the7468DTthe client7469NNclient ...7470:... who7471WPwho knows7472VVZknow what7473WPwhat 's7474VBZbe going7475VVGgo to7476TOto go7477VVgo .7478SENT. Something7479NNsomething could7480MDcould happen7481VVhappen and7482CCand the7483DTthe client7484NNclient does7485VVZdo n't7486RBn't end7487VVend up7488RPup getting7489VVGget it7490PPit .7491SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]7492LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] No7493NPNo ,7494,, I7495PPI know7496VVPknow ,7497,, I7498PPI know7499VVPknow .7500SENT. [MS. WEIL]7501LOC[MS. WEIL] He7502PPhe did7503VVDdo what7504WPwhat he7505PPhe did7506VVDdo for7507INfor him7508PPhim then7509RBthen .7510SENT. And7511CCand the7512DTthe ...7513:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]7514LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Well7515UHwell ,7516,, I7517PPI think7518VVPthink maybe7519RBmaybe we7520PPwe should7521MDshould just7522RBjust be7523VBbe practical7524JJpractical ,7525,, okay7526JJokay ?7527SENT? Let7528VVlet 's7529VBZbe assume7530VVassume that7531IN/thatthat there7532EXthere 's7533VBZbe 257534CD@card@ percent7535NNpercent of7536INof the7537DTthe judgment7538NNjudgment that7539WDTthat was7540VBDbe n't7541RBn't paid7542VVNpay out7543RPout .7544SENT. What7545WPWhat do7546VVPdo you7547PPyou think7548VVPthink the7549DTthe lawyer7550NNlawyer can7551MDcan do7552VVdo to7553TOto get7554VVget that7555IN/thatthat 257556CD@card@ percent7557NNpercent ?7558SENT? [MS. WEIL]7559LOC[MS. WEIL] If7560INif there7561EXthere were7562VBDbe ...7563:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]7564LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] He7565PPhe can7566MDcan 't7567RB't ...7568:... can7569MDcan ...7570:... he7571PPhe can7572MDcan 't7573RB't go7574VVgo after7575INafter the7576DTthe future7577JJfuture benefits7578NNSbenefit ,7579,, correct7580JJcorrect ?7581SENT? [MS. WEIL]7582LOC[MS. WEIL] I7583PPI do7584VVPdo n't7585RBn't believe7586VVbelieve that7587WDTthat 's7588VBZbe necessarily7589RBnecessarily true7590JJtrue ,7591,, because7592INbecause the7593DTthe future7594JJfuture benefits7595NNSbenefit cannot7596MDcan be7597VBbe gone7598VVNgo after7599INafter ,7600,, but7601CCbut these7602DTthese are7603VBPbe past-due7604JJpast-due benefits7605NNSbenefit .7606SENT. So7607RBso ...7608:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]7609LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] So7610INso let7611NNlet 's7612POS's ...7613:... let7614VVlet 's7615VBZbe stop7616VVstop there7617RBthere .7618SENT. So7619RBso you7620PPyou 're7621VBPbe saying7622VVGsay ,7623,, yes7624UHyes ,7625,, he7626PPhe could7627MDcould potentially7628RBpotentially go7629VVgo after7630INafter the7631DTthe pot7632NNpot of7633INof past-due7634JJpast-due benefits7635NNSbenefit up7636RBup to7637TOto the7638DTthe excess7639NNexcess that7640IN/thatthat he7641PPhe wants7642VVZwant ,7643,, is7644VBZbe that7645DTthat ...7646:... [MS. WEIL]7647LOC[MS. WEIL] Right7648RBright .7649SENT. There7650EXthere 's7651VBZbe a7652DTa percent7653NNpercent withholding7654VVGwithhold and7655CCand that7656WDTthat will7657MDwill be7658VBbe paid7659VVNpay out7660RPout .7661SENT. If7662INif there7663EXthere 's7664VBZbe an7665DTan additional7666JJadditional 257667CD@card@ percent7668NNpercent that7669WDTthat 's7670VBZbe awarded7671VVNaward to7672TOto an7673DTan attorney7674NNattorney ,7675,, the7676DTthe client7677NNclient will7678MDwill already7679RBalready have7680VHhave received7681VVNreceive the7682DTthe 757683CD@card@ percent7684NNpercent ,7685,, but7686CCbut he7687PPhe will7688MDwill ...7689:... as7690INas the7691DTthe cases7692NNScase in7693INin the7694DTthe Ninth7695JJninth and7696CCand Tenth7697JJtenth circuits7698NNScircuit have7699VHPhave suggested7700VVNsuggest about7701INabout going7702VVGgo after7703INafter the7704DTthe fees7705NNSfee when7706WRBwhen they7707PPthey 're7708VBPbe over7709INover the7710DTthe 257711CD@card@ percent7712NNpercent withholding7713NNwithholding ,7714,, they7715PPthey have7716VHPhave to7717TOto find7718VVfind other7719JJother ways7720NNSway to7721TOto get7722VVget them7723PPthem .7724SENT. One7725CDOne way7726NNway you7727PPyou can7728MDcan get7729VVget them7730PPthem is7731VBZbe saying7732VVGsay they7733PPthey are7734VBPbe past-due7735JJpast-due benefits7736NNSbenefit ,7737,, and7738CCand they7739PPthey might7740MDmight have7741VHhave been7742VBNbe put7743VVNput into7744INinto your7745PP$your bank7746NNbank account7747NNaccount ,7748,, they7749PPthey might7750MDmight have7751VHhave been7752VBNbe put7753VVNput into7754INinto your7755PP$your house7756NNhouse ,7757,, but7758CCbut you7759PPyou can7760MDcan attach7761VVattach that7762IN/thatthat because7763INbecause you7764PPyou certified7765VVDcertify ...7766:... a7767DTa court7768NNcourt or7769CCor the7770DTthe agency7771NNagency certified7772VVDcertify them7773PPthem as7774INas past-due7775JJpast-due benefits7776NNSbenefit .7777SENT. So7778RBso they7779PPthey 're7780VBPbe available7781JJavailable .7782SENT. And7783CCand ,7784,, number7785NNnumber two7786CDtwo ,7787,, they7788PPthey could7789MDcould be7790VBbe considered7791VVNconsider to7792TOto be7793VBbe wrongfully7794RBwrongfully not7795RBnot withheld7796VVNwithhold .7797SENT. That7798DTthat 's7799VBZbe what7800WPwhat happens7801VVZhappen when7802WRBwhen the7803DTthe agency7804NNagency allows7805VVZallow you7806PPyou to7807TOto go7808VVgo after7809INafter future7810JJfuture benefits7811NNSbenefit .7812SENT. Now7813RBnow ,7814,, right7815RBright now7816RBnow ,7817,, there7818EXthere 's7819VBZbe 257820CD@card@ percent7821NNpercent withholding7822NNwithholding .7823SENT. So7824RBso if7825INif the7826DTthe ...7827:... if7828INif you7829PPyou ...7830:... if7831INif the7832DTthe agency7833NNagency ...7834:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]7835LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I7836PPI ...7837:... I7838PPI ...7839:... I7840PPI think7841VVPthink that7842IN/thatthat may7843MDmay be7844VBbe wrong7845JJwrong on7846INon your7847PP$your part7848NNpart because7849INbecause the7850DTthe agency7851NNagency is7852VBZbe only7853RBonly authorized7854VVNauthorize to7855TOto withhold7856VVwithhold percent7857NNpercent .7858SENT. [MS. WEIL]7859LOC[MS. WEIL] Right7860NPRight .7861SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]7862LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] So7863INso I7864PPI do7865VVPdo n't7866RBn't think7867VVthink you7868PPyou can7869MDcan claim7870VVclaim that7871IN/thatthat they7872PPthey wrongfully7873RBwrongfully did7874VVDdo n't7875RBn't withhold7876VVwithhold an7877DTan additional7878JJadditional 257879CD@card@ percent7880NNpercent .7881SENT. So7882RBso I7883PPI do7884VVPdo n't7885RBn't think7886VVthink ...7887:... [MS. WEIL]7888LOC[MS. WEIL] That7889DTthat 's7890VBZbe because7891INbecause the7892DTthe agency7893NNagency 's7894POS's framework7895NNframework is7896VBZbe set7897VVNset up7898RPup for7899INfor a7900DTa 257901CD@card@ percent7902NNpercent aggregate7903JJaggregate cap7904NNcap .7905SENT. Remember7906VVremember ,7907,, they7908PPthey 've7909VHPhave been7910VBNbe ...7911:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]7912LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But7913CCbut that7914DTthat 's7915VBZbe legislatively7916RBlegislatively imposed7917VVNimpose .7918SENT. [MS. WEIL]7919LOC[MS. WEIL] Correct7920JJcorrect .7921SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]7922LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I7923PPI ...7924:... I7925PPI ...7926:... I7927PPI take7928VVPtake your7929PP$your point7930NNpoint that7931IN/thatthat there7932EXthere could7933MDcould be7934VBbe garnishment7935NNgarnishment on7936INon the7937DTthe past-due7938JJpast-due amounts7939NNSamount ,7940,, is7941VBZbe what7942WPwhat you7943PPyou 're7944VBPbe saying7945VVGsay .7946SENT. I7947PPI 'm7948VBPbe presuming7949VVGpresume also7950RBalso that7951IN/thatthat that7952DTthat attorney7953NNattorney could7954MDcould withhold7955VVwithhold documents7956NNSdocument from7957INfrom the7958DTthe client7959NNclient ,7960,, could7961MDcould do7962VVdo anything7963NNanything else7964RBelse a7965DTa lawyer7966NNlawyer does7967VVZdo when7968WRBwhen they7969PPthey 're7970VBPbe not7971RBnot paid7972VVNpay ,7973,, correct7974VVcorrect ?7975SENT? [MS. WEIL]7976LOC[MS. WEIL] Right7977RBright .7978SENT. And7979CCand these7980DTthese are7981VBPbe not7982RBnot typical7983JJtypical clients7984NNSclient .7985SENT. These7986DTthese are7987VBPbe clients7988NNSclient who7989WPwho are7990VBPbe only7991RBonly in7992INin this7993DTthis position7994NNposition because7995INbecause they7996PPthey were7997VBDbe wrongfully7998RBwrongfully withheld7999VVNwithhold their8000PP$their benefits8001NNSbenefit in8002INin the8003DTthe first8004JJfirst place8005NNplace .8006SENT. They8007PPthey should8008MDshould have8009VHhave been8010VBNbe paid8011VVNpay .8012SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]8013LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Well8014UHWell ,8015,, but8016CCbut your8017PP$your ...8018:... your8019PP$your friend8020NNfriend on8021INon the8022DTthe other8023JJother side8024NNside says8025VVZsay that8026IN/thatthat this8027DTthis just8028RBjust does8029VVZdo n't8030RBn't happen8031VVhappen ,8032,, that8033IN/thatthat these8034DTthese lawyers8035NNSlawyer do8036VVPdo not8037RBnot go8038VVgo after8039INafter the8040DTthe recipients8041NNSrecipient .8042SENT. And8043CCand ...8044:... and8045CCand you8046PPyou say8047VVPsay that8048IN/thatthat it8049PPit 's8050VBZbe a8051DTa real8052JJreal danger8053NNdanger .8054SENT. Is8055VBZbe there8056RBthere any8057DTany ...8058:... how8059WRBhow do8060VVPdo we8061PPwe tell8062VVtell ?8063SENT? How8064WRBHow do8065VVPdo we8066PPwe tell8067VVtell who8068WPwho 's8069VBZbe right8070JJright ?8071SENT? I8072PPI mean8073VVPmean ,8074,, I8075PPI understand8076VVPunderstand your8077PP$your point8078NNpoint of8079INof view8080NNview that8081IN/thatthat theoretically8082RBtheoretically this8083DTthis could8084MDcould happen8085VVhappen ,8086,, but8087CCbut in8088INin the8089DTthe real8090JJreal world8091NNworld ,8092,, they8093PPthey said8094VVDsay it8095PPit does8096VVZdo n't8097RBn't .8098SENT. [MS. WEIL]8099LOC[MS. WEIL] Well8100UHWell ,8101,, and8102CCand the8103DTthe ...8104:... well8105UHwell ,8106,, they8107PPthey 're8108VBPbe asking8109VVGask now8110RBnow to8111TOto be8112VBbe able8113JJable to8114TOto be8115VBbe paid8116VVNpay more8117JJRmore than8118INthan 258119CD@card@ percent8120NNpercent for8121INfor a8122DTa purpose8123NNpurpose .8124SENT. It8125PPit 's8126VBZbe not8127RBnot like8128INlike they8129PPthey 're8130VBPbe saying8131VVGsay ,8132,, we8133PPwe 're8134VBPbe going8135VVGgo to8136TOto settle8137VVsettle in8138INin every8139DTevery single8140JJsingle case8141NNcase for8142INfor just8143RBjust the8144DTthe 258145CD@card@ percent8146NNpercent that8147WDTthat 's8148VBZbe withheld8149VVNwithhold .8150SENT. Obviously8151RBobviously ,8152,, they8153PPthey 're8154VBPbe asking8155VVGask for8156INfor the8157DTthe extra8158JJextra 258159CD@card@ to8160TOto be8161VBbe able8162JJable to8163TOto get8164VVget it8165PPit from8166INfrom the8167DTthe client8168NNclient .8169SENT. Sometimes8170RBsometimes the8171DTthe client8172NNclient will8173MDwill pay8174VVpay it8175PPit .8176SENT. We8177PPwe ...8178:... I8179PPI have8180VHPhave presented8181VVNpresent the8182DTthe Court8183NNcourt with8184INwith cases8185NNScase in8186INin the8187DTthe Tenth8188JJtenth and8189CCand Ninth8190JJninth Circuit8191NPCircuit where8192WRBwhere 478193CD@card@ percent8194NNpercent of8195INof the8196DTthe past-due8197JJpast-due benefits8198NNSbenefit were8199VBDbe awarded8200VVNaward .8201SENT. There8202EXthere was8203VBDbe still8204RBstill just8205RBjust a8206DTa percent8207NNpercent withholding8208NNwithholding .8209SENT. And8210CCand they8211PPthey 're8212VBPbe not8213RBnot asking8214VVGask for8215INfor a8216DTa Pyrrhic8217JJPyrrhic victory8218NNvictory .8219SENT. They8220PPthey 're8221VBPbe asking8222VVGask for8223INfor the8224DTthe money8225NNmoney .8226SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]8227LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] But8228NPBut ,8229,, Ms8230NNMs .8231SENT. Weil8232NPWeil ,8233,, I8234PPI take8235VVPtake ...8236:... I8237PPI take8238VVPtake the8239DTthe point8240NNpoint ,8241,, and8242CCand ,8243,, indeed8244RBindeed ,8245,, Mr8246NPMr .8247SENT. Yang8248NPYang suggested8249VVDsuggest ,8250,, that8251IN/thatthat this8252DTthis happens8253VVZhappen and8254CCand that8255IN/thatthat it8256PPit was8257VBDbe meant8258VVNmean to8259TOto happen8260VVhappen .8261SENT. But8262CCbut ...8263:... so8264RBso ...8265:... so8266RBso that8267DTthat 's8268VBZbe troublesome8269JJtroublesome .8270SENT. But8271CCbut I'm8272NPI'm ...8273:... I8274PPI 'm8275VBPbe struggling8276VVGstruggle with8277INwith your8278PP$your textual8279JJtextual argument8280NNargument .8281SENT. [MS. WEIL]8282LOC[MS. WEIL] Well8283UHWell ...8284:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]8285LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Where8286WRBwhere does8287VVZdo it8288PPit come8289VVcome from8290INfrom ?8291SENT? [MS. WEIL]8292LOC[MS. WEIL] ...8293:... let8294VVlet 's8295VBZbe discuss8296VVdiscuss that8297IN/thatthat because8298INbecause both8299CCboth the8300DTthe Petitioner8301NNpetitioner and8302CCand the8303DTthe Claimant8304NNclaimant have8305VHPhave said8306VVNsay that8307IN/thatthat the8308DTthe two8309CDtwo words8310NNSword ...8311:... it8312PPit 's8313VBZbe ...8314:... there8315RBthere ...8316:... there8317EXthere are8318VBPbe two8319CDtwo words8320NNSword in8321INin this8322DTthis entire8323JJentire statute8324NNstatute that8325WDTthat just8326RBjust make8327VVPmake their8328PP$their position8329NNposition correct8330JJcorrect and8331CCand that8332WDTthat say8333VVPsay that8334IN/thatthat you8335PPyou get8336VVPget up8337RPup to8338TOto 508339CD@card@ percent8340NNpercent of8341INof benefits8342NNSbenefit ,8343,, and8344CCand those8345DTthose two8346CDtwo words8347NNSword are8348VBPbe "8349``" such8350JJsuch representation8351NNrepresentation "8352''" in8353INin section8354NNsection (8355(( b8356LSb )8357)) .8358SENT. And8359CCand I8360PPI suggest8361VVPsuggest to8362TOto Your8363PP$your Honors8364NNShonors that8365IN/thatthat actually8366RBactually ...8367:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]8368LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] There's8369NPThere's ...8370:... there8371EXthere 's8372VBZbe such8373JJsuch representation8374NNrepresentation before8375INbefore the8376DTthe court8377NNcourt ...8378:... [MS. WEIL]8379LOC[MS. WEIL] Yes8380NPYes .8381SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]8382LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...8383:... in8384INin (8385(( b8386LSb )8387)) ,8388,, and8389CCand before8390RBbefore ...8391:... in8392INin (8393(( a8394DTa )8395)) ,8396,, before8397INbefore the8398DTthe commissioner8399NNcommissioner ?8400SENT? [MS. WEIL]8401LOC[MS. WEIL] Well8402UHWell ,8403,, their8404PP$their argument8405NNargument really8406RBreally has8407VHZhave been8408VBNbe pointing8409VVGpoint to8410TOto the8411DTthe (8412(( b8413LSb )8414)) language8415NNlanguage of8416INof "8417``" such8418JJsuch representation8419NNrepresentation "8420''" before8421INbefore the8422DTthe court8423NNcourt ,8424,, and8425CCand they8426PPthey claim8427VVPclaim that8428IN/thatthat that8429DTthat shows8430NNSshow that8431IN/thatthat you8432PPyou can8433MDcan get8434VVget up8435RPup to8436TOto percent8437NNpercent of8438INof the8439DTthe past-due8440JJpast-due benefits8441NNSbenefit .8442SENT. But8443CCbut I8444PPI would8445MDwould suggest8446VVsuggest to8447TOto Your8448PP$your Honors8449NNShonors that8450WDTthat actually8451RBactually supports8452VVZsupport a8453DTa 258454CD@card@ percent8455NNpercent aggregate8456JJaggregate rule8457NNrule ,8458,, because8459INbecause what8460WPwhat the8461DTthe statute8462NNstatute provides8463VVZprovide is8464VBZbe only8465RBonly ...8466:... that8467IN/thatthat you8468PPyou can8469MDcan get8470VVget up8471RPup to8472TOto 258473CD@card@ percent8474NNpercent of8475INof past-due8476JJpast-due ,8477,, up8478RBup to8479TOto ,8480,, not8481RBnot to8482TOto definitely8483RBdefinitely get8484VVget 258485CD@card@ ,8486,, but8487CCbut up8488RBup to8489TOto 258490CD@card@ percent8491NNpercent of8492INof past-due8493JJpast-due benefits8494NNSbenefit for8495INfor a8496DTa court8497NNcourt representation8498NNrepresentation if8499INif you8500PPyou 're8501VBPbe successful8502JJsuccessful .8503SENT. You8504PPyou cannot8505MDcan be8506VBbe successful8507JJsuccessful unless8508INunless there8509EXthere has8510VHZhave been8511VBNbe attorney8512NNattorney representation8513NNrepresentation .8514SENT. Somebody8515NNsomebody had8516VHDhave to8517TOto present8518VVpresent the8519DTthe case8520NNcase before8521INbefore the8522DTthe agency8523NNagency .8524SENT. They8525PPthey might8526MDmight have8527VHhave originally8528RBoriginally lost8529VVNlose ,8530,, but8531CCbut if8532INif that8533DTthat case8534NNcase is8535VBZbe later8536RBRlater won8537VVNwin before8538INbefore the8539DTthe court8540NNcourt ,8541,, two8542CDtwo things8543NNSthing happen8544VVPhappen .8545SENT. Number8546NNnumber one8547CDone ,8548,, the8549DTthe agency8550NNagency attorney8551NNattorney who8552WPwho first8553RBfirst represented8554VVDrepresent them8555PPthem is8556VBZbe going8557VVGgo to8558TOto get8559VVget fees8560NNSfee for8561INfor what8562WPwhat they8563PPthey did8564VVDdo by8565INby presenting8566VVGpresent the8567DTthe case8568NNcase because8569INbecause all8570PDTall the8571DTthe evidence8572NNevidence has8573VHZhave to8574TOto be8575VBbe presented8576VVNpresent to8577TOto the8578DTthe agency8579NNagency .8580SENT. It8581PPit 's8582VBZbe not8583RBnot presented8584VVNpresent in8585INin court8586NNcourt .8587SENT. And8588CCand ,8589,, number8590NNnumber two8591CDtwo ,8592,, most8593JJSmost cases8594NNScase are8595VBPbe sent8596VVNsend back8597RBback by8598INby the8599DTthe district8600NNdistrict court8601NNcourt ...8602:... even8603RBeven a8604DTa win8605NNwin is8606VBZbe sent8607VVNsend back8608RBback by8609INby the8610DTthe district8611NNdistrict court8612NNcourt on8613INon a8614DTa remand8615NNremand for8616INfor more8617JJRmore evidence8618NNevidence .8619SENT. In8620INin this8621DTthis case8622NNcase ,8623,, for8624INfor example8625NNexample ,8626,, they8627PPthey had8628VHDhave looked8629VVNlook at8630INat the8631DTthe ...8632:... the8633DTthe district8634NNdistrict court8635NNcourt judge8636NNjudge or8637CCor magistrate8638NNmagistrate judge8639NNjudge in8640INin this8641DTthis case8642NNcase said8643VVDsay that8644IN/thatthat the8645DTthe ALJ8646NPALJ did8647VVDdo n't8648RBn't really8649RBreally consider8650VVconsider the8651DTthe ...8652:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]8653LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] I8654PPI guess8655VVPguess I8656PPI ...8657:... I8658PPI do8659VVPdo n't8660RBn't quite8661RBquite get8662VVget the8663DTthe argument8664NNargument .8665SENT. You8666PPyou know8667VVPknow ,8668,, the8669DTthe "8670``" such8671JJsuch representation8672NNrepresentation "8673''" language8674NNlanguage says8675VVZsay 258676CD@card@ percent8677NNpercent for8678INfor court8679NNcourt representation8680NNrepresentation .8681SENT. [MS. WEIL]8682LOC[MS. WEIL] Right8683NPRight .8684SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]8685LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] And8686CCand then8687RBthen you8688PPyou 're8689VBPbe saying8690VVGsay that8691IN/thatthat there8692EXthere 's8693VBZbe some8694DTsome kind8695NNkind of8696INof implicit8697JJimplicit exclusion8698NNexclusion as8699RBas to8700TOto another8701DTanother 258702CD@card@ percent8703NNpercent ,8704,, or8705CCor however8706RBhowever much8707RBmuch it8708PPit is8709VBZbe ,8710,, for8711INfor agency8712NNagency representation8713NNrepresentation .8714SENT. Where8715WRBwhere does8716VVZdo the8717DTthe exclusion8718NNexclusion come8719VVNcome from8720INfrom ?8721SENT? [MS. WEIL]8722LOC[MS. WEIL] I8723PPI 'm8724VBPbe not8725RBnot actually8726RBactually arguing8727VVGargue exclusion8728NNexclusion .8729SENT. What8730WPWhat I8731PPI 'm8732VBPbe arguing8733VVGargue is8734VBZbe ,8735,, in8736INin order8737NNorder to8738TOto get8739VVget a8740DTa court8741NNcourt fee8742NNfee ,8743,, you8744PPyou have8745VHPhave to8746TOto have8747VHhave an8748DTan agency8749NNagency also8750RBalso .8751SENT. So8752RBso it8753PPit 's8754VBZbe not8755RBnot as8756RBas if8757INif this8758DTthis court8759NNcourt fee8760NNfee controls8761VVZcontrol what8762WPwhat happens8763VVZhappen with8764INwith the8765DTthe agency8766NNagency .8767SENT. The8768DTthe ...8769:... I8770PPI tried8771VVDtry to8772TOto put8773VVput it8774PPit in8775INin terms8776NNSterm of8777INof a8778DTa timeline8779NNtimeline in8780INin my8781PP$my brief8782NNbrief .8783SENT. I8784PPI suggested8785VVDsuggest to8786TOto the8787DTthe court8788NNcourt that8789IN/thatthat while8790INwhile the8791DTthe case8792NNcase was8793VBDbe pending8794VVGpend before8795INbefore the8796DTthe agency8797NNagency ,8798,, these8799DTthese past-due8800JJpast-due benefits8801NNSbenefit were8802VBDbe accruing8803VVGaccrue .8804SENT. The8805DTthe court8806NNcourt attorney8807NNattorney can8808MDcan 't8809RB't take8810VVtake credit8811NNcredit or8812CCor have8813VHhave some8814DTsome sort8815NNsort of8816INof responsibility8817NNresponsibility for8818INfor those8819DTthose fees8820NNSfee .8821SENT. It8822PPit 's8823VBZbe a8824DTa ...8825:... it8826PPit 's8827POS's sort8828NNsort of8829INof a8830DTa fiction8831NNfiction ,8832,, a8833DTa legal8834JJlegal fiction8835NNfiction .8836SENT. Those8837DTthose are8838VBPbe ...8839:... benefits8840NNSbenefit were8841VBDbe accruing8842VVGaccrue while8843NNwhile ...8844:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]8845LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] But8846CCbut the8847DTthe statute8848NNstatute is8849VBZbe set8850VVNset up8851RPup so8852RBso that8853IN/thatthat there8854EXthere are8855VBPbe very8856RBvery specific8857JJspecific sections8858NNSsection governing8859VVGgovern agency8860NNagency proceedings8861NNSproceeding and8862CCand court8863NNcourt proceedings8864NNSproceeding .8865SENT. So8866INso the8867DTthe statute8868NNstatute is8869VBZbe set8870VVNset up8871RPup in8872INin a8873DTa way8874NNway that8875WDTthat is8876VBZbe not8877RBnot really8878RBreally consistent8879JJconsistent with8880INwith that8881DTthat argument8882NNargument .8883SENT. It8884PPit seems8885VVZseem to8886TOto treat8887VVtreat these8888DTthese as8889INas two8890CDtwo different8891JJdifferent proceedings8892NNSproceeding ,8893,, and8894CCand it8895PPit seems8896VVZseem to8897TOto treat8898VVtreat fees8899NNSfee for8900INfor those8901DTthose two8902CDtwo different8903JJdifferent proceedings8904NNSproceeding as8905INas discrete8906JJdiscrete inquiries8907NNSinquiry .8908SENT. [MS. WEIL]8909LOC[MS. WEIL] Yes8910NPYes ,8911,, Your8912PP$your Honor8913NPHonor .8914SENT. And8915CCand they8916PPthey are8917VBPbe because8918INbecause of8919INof the8920DTthe way8921NNway it8922PPit works8923VVZwork .8924SENT. You8925PPyou can8926MDcan go8927VVgo before8928INbefore the8929DTthe agency8930NNagency ,8931,, and8932CCand if8933INif you8934PPyou win8935VVPwin ,8936,, you8937PPyou can8938MDcan get8939VVget up8940RPup to8941TOto 258942CD@card@ percent8943NNpercent of8944INof the8945DTthe past-due8946JJpast-due benefits8947NNSbenefit and8948CCand you8949PPyou go8950VVPgo home8951NNhome .8952SENT. It8953PPit 's8954VBZbe over8955RBover .8956SENT. If8957INif you8958PPyou go8959VVPgo before8960INbefore the8961DTthe agency8962NNagency and8963CCand you8964PPyou lose8965VVPlose ,8966,, you8967PPyou do8968VVPdo n't8969RBn't get8970VVget paid8971VVNpay a8972DTa fee8973NNfee .8974SENT. You8975PPyou go8976VVPgo before8977INbefore the8978DTthe court8979NNcourt and8980CCand you8981PPyou can8982MDcan get8983VVget up8984RPup to8985TOto percent8986NNpercent if8987INif you8988PPyou win8989VVPwin .8990SENT. There8991EXthere may8992MDmay ...8993:... the8994DTthe agency8995NNagency attorney8996NNattorney might8997MDmight also8998RBalso be8999VBbe awarded9000VVNaward a9001DTa fee9002NNfee too9003RBtoo or9004CCor not9005RBnot .9006SENT. It9007PPit could9008MDcould be9009VBbe that9010IN/thatthat they9011PPthey represented9012VVDrepresent pro9013FWpro bono9014FWbono .9015SENT. It9016PPit could9017MDcould be9018VBbe that9019IN/thatthat they9020PPthey were9021VBDbe represented9022VVNrepresent by9023INby themselves9024PPthemselves pro9025FWpro se9026FWse .9027SENT. It9028PPit could9029MDcould be9030VBbe that9031IN/thatthat the9032DTthe legal9033JJlegal aid9034NNaid represented9035VVDrepresent them9036PPthem .9037SENT. You9038PPyou might9039MDmight only9040RBonly have9041VHhave a9042DTa court9043NNcourt fee9044NNfee .9045SENT. So9046RBso you9047PPyou have9048VHPhave to9049TOto have9050VHhave up9051RBup to9052TOto 259053CD@card@ percent9054NNpercent there9055RBthere too9056RBtoo .9057SENT. That9058DTthat 's9059VBZbe how9060WRBhow it9061PPit started9062VVDstart .9063SENT. There9064EXthere was9065VBDbe already9066RBalready ...9067:... agency9068NNagency 's9069POS's fee9070NNfee was9071VBDbe taken9072VVNtake care9073NNcare of9074INof .9075SENT. So9076RBso both9077DTboth of9078INof them9079PPthem have9080VHPhave the9081DTthe up9082RPup to9083TOto percent9084NNpercent because9085INbecause there9086EXthere only9087RBonly might9088MDmight be9089VBbe in9090INin the9091DTthe end9092NNend one9093CDone attorney9094NNattorney ,9095,, either9096CCeither the9097DTthe court9098NNcourt attorney9099NNattorney or9100CCor the9101DTthe agency9102NNagency attorney9103NNattorney ,9104,, getting9105VVGget the9106DTthe fee9107NNfee .9108SENT. But9109CCbut the9110DTthe question9111NNquestion is9112VBZbe ,9113,, what9114WPwhat do9115VVPdo you9116PPyou do9117VVPdo when9118WRBwhen they9119PPthey both9120CCboth get9121VVget fees9122NNSfee ?9123SENT? And9124CCand I9125PPI tried9126VVDtry to9127TOto illustrate9128VVillustrate in9129INin the9130DTthe brief9131NNbrief in9132INin terms9133NNSterm of9134INof a9135DTa timeline9136NNtimeline that9137IN/thatthat these9138DTthese fees9139NNSfee are9140VBPbe accruing9141VVGaccrue over9142INover time9143NNtime .9144SENT. The9145DTthe court9146NNcourt attorney9147NNattorney should9148MDshould n't9149RBn't be9150VBbe getting9151VVGget the9152DTthe fees9153NNSfee that9154WDTthat were9155VBDbe accruing9156VVGaccrue while9157INwhile it9158PPit was9159VBDbe before9160INbefore the9161DTthe agency9162NNagency ,9163,, and9164CCand the9165DTthe agency9166NNagency attorney9167NNattorney has9168VHZhave no9169DTno reason9170NNreason to9171TOto be9172VBbe receiving9173VVGreceive the9174DTthe fees9175NNSfee as9176INas they9177PPthey were9178VBDbe accruing9179VVGaccrue before9180INbefore the9181DTthe court9182NNcourt .9183SENT. I9184PPI mean9185VVPmean it9186PPit makes9187VVZmake sense9188NNsense that9189IN/thatthat they9190PPthey split9191VVDsplit them9192PPthem .9193SENT. That9194DTthat is9195VBZbe the9196DTthe only9197JJonly argument9198NNargument that9199IN/thatthat that9200DTthat is9201VBZbe not9202RBnot ...9203:... and9204CCand actually9205RBactually ...9206:... that9207WDTthat is9208VBZbe not9209RBnot what9210WPwhat was9211VBDbe anticipated9212VVNanticipate .9213SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]9214LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] It9215PPit ...9216:... it9217PPit makes9218VVZmake sense9219NNsense that9220IN/thatthat they9221PPthey split9222VVDsplit them9223PPthem ,9224,, but9225CCbut ...9226:... but9227CCbut you9228PPyou 're9229VBPbe not9230RBnot suggesting9231VVGsuggest that9232IN/thatthat there9233EXthere 's9234VBZbe any9235DTany place9236NNplace in9237INin the9238DTthe statute9239NNstatute that9240IN/thatthat you9241PPyou can9242MDcan point9243VVpoint to9244TOto and9245CCand say9246VVsay :9247:: Look9248VVPlook ,9249,, that9250IN/thatthat provision9251NNprovision is9252VBZbe the9253DTthe provision9254NNprovision where9255WRBwhere Congress9256NPCongress indicates9257VVZindicate that9258IN/thatthat it9259PPit makes9260VVZmake sense9261NNsense that9262IN/thatthat they9263PPthey split9264VVDsplit them9265PPthem .9266SENT. [MS. WEIL]9267LOC[MS. WEIL] You9268PPyou ...9269:... I9270PPI ...9271:... I9272PPI really9273RBreally have9274VHPhave two9275CDtwo arguments9276NNSargument on9277INon that9278DTthat .9279SENT. Number9280NNnumber one9281CDone ,9282,, their9283PP$their plain9284JJplain text9285NNtext argument9286NNargument is9287VBZbe wrong9288JJwrong .9289SENT. And9290CCand ,9291,, number9292NNnumber two9293CDtwo ,9294,, you9295PPyou can9296MDcan kind9297RBkind of9298INof get9299VVget to9300TOto ...9301:... to9302TOto our9303PP$our position9304NNposition about9305INabout the9306DTthe aggregate9307NNaggregate by9308INby reading9309VVGread the9310DTthe statute9311NNstatute together9312RBtogether with9313INwith the9314DTthe amendments9315NNSamendment and9316CCand the9317DTthe fact9318NNfact that9319IN/thatthat there9320EXthere 's9321VBZbe one9322CDone pool9323NNpool from9324INfrom which9325WDTwhich these9326DTthese ...9327:... the9328DTthe benefits9329NNSbenefit are9330VBPbe withheld9331VVNwithhold .9332SENT. But9333CCbut ,9334,, to9335TOto get9336VVget to9337TOto their9338PP$their plain9339JJplain reading9340NNreading ,9341,, their9342PP$their literal9343JJliteral text9344NNtext ,9345,, they9346PPthey argue9347VVPargue that9348IN/thatthat the9349DTthe plain9350JJplain reading9351NNreading of9352INof the9353DTthe statute9354NNstatute is9355VBZbe :9356:: Well9357UHwell ,9358,, there9359EXthere are9360VBPbe two9361CDtwo ,9362,, two9363CDtwo 259364CD@card@ percents9365NNSpercents ,9366,, and9367CCand they9368PPthey both9369CCboth get9370VVget them9371PPthem and9372CCand they9373PPthey can9374MDcan get9375VVget up9376RPup to9377TOto 509378CD@card@ percent9379NNpercent .9380SENT. If9381INif you9382PPyou actually9383RBactually literally9384RBliterally read9385VVread the9386DTthe statute9387NNstatute ,9388,, and9389CCand you9390PPyou do9391VVPdo n't9392RBn't know9393VVknow anything9394NNanything about9395INabout the9396DTthe background9397NNbackground ,9398,, you9399PPyou do9400VVPdo n't9401RBn't know9402VVknow how9403WRBhow it9404PPit works9405VVZwork ,9406,, you9407PPyou 've9408VHPhave never9409RBnever read9410VVNread the9411DTthe regulations9412NNSregulation ,9413,, you9414PPyou would9415MDwould actually9416RBactually read9417VVread (9418(( a9419DTa )9420)) ,9421,, and9422CCand (9423(( a9424DTa )9425)) would9426MDwould say9427VVsay :9428:: If9429INif you9430PPyou go9431VVPgo before9432INbefore the9433DTthe agency9434NNagency and9435CCand you9436PPyou lose9437VVPlose ,9438,, you9439PPyou do9440VVPdo n't9441RBn't get9442VVget a9443DTa fee9444NNfee .9445SENT. If9446INif you9447PPyou go9448VVPgo before9449INbefore the9450DTthe agency9451NNagency and9452CCand you9453PPyou win9454VVPwin ,9455,, you9456PPyou get9457VVPget paid9458VVNpay a9459DTa fee9460NNfee .9461SENT. It9462PPit 's9463VBZbe over9464RBover with9465INwith .9466SENT. And9467CCand they9468PPthey get9469VVPget benefits9470NNSbenefit ,9471,, and9472CCand you9473PPyou get9474VVPget paid9475VVNpay a9476DTa fee9477NNfee out9478RPout of9479INof the9480DTthe benefits9481NNSbenefit .9482SENT. Or9483CCor ,9484,, other9485JJother option9486NNoption ,9487,, two9488CDtwo ,9489,, you9490PPyou go9491VVPgo before9492INbefore the9493DTthe court9494NNcourt ,9495,, and9496CCand if9497INif you9498PPyou get9499VVPget a9500DTa favorable9501JJfavorable judgment9502NNjudgment ,9503,, you9504PPyou win9505VVPwin .9506SENT. And9507CCand that9508DTthat was9509VBDbe the9510DTthe view9511NNview that9512WDTthat was9513VBDbe adopted9514VVNadopt .9515SENT. That9516DTthat is9517VBZbe actually9518RBactually the9519DTthe literal9520JJliteral reading9521NNreading .9522SENT. And9523CCand it9524PPit was9525VBDbe the9526DTthe view9527NNview that9528WDTthat made9529VVDmake ...9530:... formed9531VVNform the9532DTthe basis9533NNbasis of9534INof the9535DTthe single9536JJsingle tribunal9537NNtribunal rule9538NNrule .9539SENT. That9540DTthat was9541VBDbe the9542DTthe Sixth9543NPSixth Circu9544NPCircu it9545PPit 's9546VBZbe rule9547NNrule .9548SENT. They9549PPthey said9550VVDsay ,9551,, well9552RBwell ,9553,, whichever9554WDTwhichever forum9555NNforum you9556PPyou win9557VVPwin in9558INin ,9559,, that9560WDTthat 's9561VBZbe where9562WRBwhere you9563PPyou get9564VVPget paid9565VVNpay a9566DTa fee9567NNfee ,9568,, that9569WDTthat you9570PPyou can9571MDcan look9572VVlook and9573CCand see9574VVsee if9575INif there9576EXthere 's9577VBZbe any9578DTany work9579NNwork done9580VVNdo in9581INin the9582DTthe other9583JJother forum9584NNforum ,9585,, but9586CCbut whatever9587WDTwhatever forum9588NNforum you9589PPyou win9590VVPwin in9591INin ,9592,, you9593PPyou get9594VVPget a9595DTa fee9596NNfee .9597SENT. Well9598UHwell ,9599,, nobody9600NNnobody thinks9601VVZthink that9602WDTthat 's9603VBZbe right9604JJright ,9605,, but9606CCbut that9607IN/thatthat actually9608RBactually is9609VBZbe the9610DTthe literal9611JJliteral reading9612NNreading of9613INof the9614DTthe statute9615NNstatute :9616:: One9617CDOne or9618CCor the9619DTthe other9620JJother .9621SENT. The9622DTthe only9623JJonly reason9624NNreason we9625PPwe 're9626VBPbe here9627RBhere is9628VBZbe that9629IN/thatthat we9630PPwe know9631VVPknow that9632IN/thatthat that9633DTthat 's9634VBZbe not9635RBnot how9636WRBhow you9637PPyou read9638VVPread it9639PPit ,9640,, that9641IN/thatthat you9642PPyou have9643VHPhave to9644TOto read9645VVread the9646DTthe regulations9647NNSregulation that9648WDTthat are9649VBPbe incorporated9650VVNincorporate into9651INinto the9652DTthe statute9653NNstatute ,9654,, and9655CCand the9656DTthe way9657NNway they9658PPthey work9659VVPwork ,9660,, the9661DTthe fact9662NNfact that9663IN/thatthat they9664PPthey both9665CCboth collect9666VVcollect fees9667NNSfee ,9668,, the9669DTthe fact9670NNfact that9671IN/thatthat there9672EXthere 's9673VBZbe one9674CDone withholding9675NNwithholding ,9676,, which9677WDTwhich really9678RBreally would9679MDwould make9680VVmake no9681DTno sense9682NNsense .9683SENT. Congress9684NPCongress ...9685:... Congress9686NPCongress ,9687,, when9688WRBwhen they9689PPthey gave9690VVDgive the9691DTthe delegation9692NNdelegation to9693TOto the9694DTthe ...9695:... first9696RBfirst the9697DTthe Board9698NPBoard ,9699,, then9700RBthen the9701DTthe Secretary9702NPSecretary ,9703,, then9704RBthen the9705DTthe Commissioner9706NPCommissioner to9707TOto establish9708VVestablish regulations9709NNSregulation ,9710,, set9711VVDset up9712RPup this9713DTthis framework9714NNframework .9715SENT. And9716CCand when9717WRBwhen they9718PPthey set9719VVDset up9720RPup the9721DTthe framework9722NNframework ,9723,, it9724PPit was9725VBDbe all9726RBall centered9727VVNcenter around9728INaround a9729DTa 259730CD@card@ percent9731NNpercent aggregate9732NNaggregate .9733SENT. The9734DTthe ...9735:... they9736PPthey argued9737VVDargue in9738RPin ...9739:... constantly9740RBconstantly in9741INin cases9742NNScase before9743INbefore the9744DTthe courts9745NNScourt in9746INin favor9747NNfavor ...9748:... and9749CCand I've9750NPI've ...9751:... I9752PPI presented9753VVDpresent some9754DTsome of9755INof the9756DTthe language9757NNlanguage to9758TOto Your9759PP$your Honors9760NNShonors in9761INin my9762PP$my brief9763NNbrief .9764SENT. They9765PPthey 've9766VHPhave suggested9767VVNsuggest ,9768,, however9769RBhowever ,9770,, that9771IN/thatthat ,9772,, in9773INin 19939774CD@card@ ,9775,, they9776PPthey backtracked9777VVDbacktrack and9778CCand said9779VVDsay ,9780,, oh9781UHoh ,9782,, actually9783RBactually ,9784,, they9785PPthey 've9786VHPhave been9787VBNbe flip-flopping9788VVGflip-flop .9789SENT. No9790UHNo ,9791,, they9792PPthey 've9793VHPhave never9794RBnever flip-flopped9795VVNflip-flop over9796INover this9797DTthis .9798SENT. The9799DTthe Horenstein9800NPHorenstein case9801NNcase that9802IN/thatthat they9803PPthey cite9804VVPcite in9805INin their9806PP$their brief9807NNbrief about9808INabout saying9809VVGsay set9810VVNset different9811JJdifferent statutory9812JJstatutory maximum9813JJmaximum allowable9814JJallowable fees9815NNSfee in9816INin (9817(( a9818DTa )9819)) and9820CCand (9821(( b9822LSb )9823)) was9824VBDbe talking9825VVGtalk about9826INabout this9827DTthis single9828JJsingle tribunal9829NNtribunal rule9830NNrule .9831SENT. And9832CCand ...9833:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]9834LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Congress9835NPCongress used9836VVDuse the9837DTthe phrase9838NNphrase "9839''" in9840INin the9841DTthe aggregate9842JJaggregate "9843``" in9844INin one9845PPone place9846VVPplace that9847IN/thatthat they9848PPthey rely9849VVPrely on9850INon as9851RBas well9852RBwell as9853INas part9854NNpart of9855INof the9856DTthe textual9857JJtextual argument9858NNargument ,9859,, which9860WDTwhich is9861VBZbe the9862DTthe title9863NNtitle ...9864:... the9865DTthe subchapter9866NNsubchapter ,9867,, the9868DTthe 29869CD2 and9870CCand the9871DTthe 169872CD@card@ benefits9873NNSbenefit they9874PPthey use9875VVPuse "9876''" in9877INin the9878DTthe aggregate9879JJaggregate "9880``" there9881RBthere and9882CCand do9883VVPdo n't9884RBn't use9885VVuse it9886PPit here9887RBhere .9888SENT. Do9889VVdo you9890PPyou have9891VHPhave a9892DTa ...9893:... [MS. WEIL]9894LOC[MS. WEIL] That9895DTthat is9896VBZbe unfortunate9897JJunfortunate .9898SENT. This9899DTthis is9900VBZbe not9901RBnot the9902DTthe best9903RBSwell written9904JJwritten statute9905NNstatute .9906SENT. [9907SYM[ LAUGHTER9908NNlaughter ]9909SYM] [MS. WEIL]9910LOC[MS. WEIL] If9911INif it9912PPit had9913VHDhave been9914VBNbe more9915RBRmore clear9916JJclear ,9917,, we9918PPwe certainly9919RBcertainly would9920MDwould n't9921RBn't have9922VHhave been9923VBNbe here9924RBhere .9925SENT. That9926DTthat ...9927:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]9928LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] It9929PPit sounds9930VVZsound like9931INlike you9932PPyou 're9933VBPbe saying9934VVGsay they9935PPthey did9936VVDdo n't9937RBn't ...9938:... Congress9939NPCongress did9940VVDdo n't9941RBn't think9942VVthink through9943INthrough ...9944:... [MS. WEIL]9945LOC[MS. WEIL] Well9946UHWell ...9947:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]9948LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] ...9949:... in9950INin its9951PP$its language9952NNlanguage the9953DTthe exact9954JJexact situation9955NNsituation on9956INon the9957DTthe ground9958NNground .9959SENT. But9960CCbut I9961PPI do9962VVPdo n't9963RBn't know9964VVknow what9965WPwhat we9966PPwe 're9967VBPbe supposed9968VVNsuppose to9969TOto necessarily9970RBnecessarily do9971VVdo with9972INwith that9973DTthat .9974SENT. [MS. WEIL]9975LOC[MS. WEIL] What9976WPWhat you9977PPyou do9978VVPdo with9979INwith that9980DTthat is9981VBZbe ,9982,, well9983UHwell ,9984,, you9985PPyou say9986VVPsay ,9987,, why9988WRBwhy did9989VVDdo that9990RBthat happen9991VVhappen ?9992SENT? Because9993INbecause this9994DTthis is9995VBZbe a9996DTa piecemeal9997JJpiecemeal statute9998NNstatute .9999SENT. They10000PPthey started10001VVDstart out10002RPout with10003INwith Section10004NNsection (10005(( b10006LSb )10007)) when10008WRBwhen the10009DTthe (10010(( a10011DTa )10012)) fees10013NNSfee were10014VBDbe pretty10015RBpretty small10016JJsmall ,10017,, and10018CCand they10019PPthey came10020VVDcome to10021TOto (10022(( b10023LSb )10024)) and10025CCand they10026PPthey said10027VVDsay we10028PPwe 're10029VBPbe having10030VHGhave a10031DTa problem10032NNproblem here10033RBhere ,10034,, inordinately10035RBinordinately large10036JJlarge fees10037NNSfee .10038SENT. We10039PPwe need10040VVPneed to10041TOto be10042VBbe able10043JJable to10044TOto rein10045VVrein those10046DTthose things10047NNSthing in10048INin and10049CCand we10050PPwe 're10051VBPbe going10052VVGgo to10053TOto balance10054VVbalance the10055DTthe interests10056NNSinterest of10057INof the10058DTthe claimant10059NNclaimant not10060RBnot having10061VHGhave excessive10062JJexcessive fees10063NNSfee of10064INof 3310065CD@card@ to10066TOto percent10067NNpercent of10068INof their10069PP$their benefits10070NNSbenefit being10071VBGbe paid10072VVNpay out10073RPout to10074TOto attorney10075NNattorney 's10076POS's fees10077NNSfee ,10078,, but10079CCbut then10080RBthen paying10081VVGpay them10082PPthem enough10083RBenough and10084CCand making10085VVGmake sure10086JJsure they10087PPthey get10088VVPget paid10089VVNpay .10090SENT. See10091VVsee ,10092,, that10093WDTthat 's10094VBZbe key10095JJkey .10096SENT. You10097PPyou can10098MDcan 't10099RB't make10100VVmake sure10101JJsure they10102PPthey 're10103VBPbe paid10104VVNpay if10105INif you10106PPyou have10107VHPhave one10108CDone 2510109CD@card@ percent10110NNpercent withholding10111NNwithholding ,10112,, but10113CCbut you10114PPyou 're10115VBPbe allowing10116VVGallow 3010117CD@card@ ,10118,, 4010119CD@card@ ,10120,, percent10121NNpercent .10122SENT. That10123DTthat 's10124VBZbe no10125DTno assurance10126NNassurance there10127RBthere .10128SENT. In10129INin fact10130NNfact ,10131,, those10132DTthose ...10133:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]10134LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] I10135PPI mean10136VVPmean ,10137,, it10138PPit seems10139VVZseem ...10140:... to10141TOto support10142VVsupport your10143PP$your point10144NNpoint ,10145,, it10146PPit seems10147VVZseem almost10148RBalmost absurd10149JJabsurd that10150IN/thatthat Congress10151NPCongress would10152MDwould have10153VHhave wanted10154VVNwant litigation10155NNlitigation or10156CCor actions10157NNSaction by10158INby disability10159NNdisability attorneys10160NNSattorney against10161INagainst disability10162NNdisability claimants10163NNSclaimant .10164SENT. [MS. WEIL]10165LOC[MS. WEIL] Congress10166NPCongress would10167MDwould not10168RBnot want10169VVwant ...10170:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]10171LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] That10172DTthat ...10173:... [MS. WEIL]10174LOC[MS. WEIL] ...10175:... any10176DTany of10177INof this10178DTthis .10179SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]10180LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] ...10181:... that10182WDTthat said10183VVDsay ,10184,, the10185DTthe "10186``" in10187INin the10188DTthe aggregate10189NNaggregate "10190``" is10191VBZbe missing10192VVGmiss and10193CCand the10194DTthe text10195NNtext is10196VBZbe a10197DTa problem10198NNproblem ,10199,, as10200RBas ...10201:... as10202INas you10203PPyou acknowledge10204VVPacknowledge .10205SENT. [MS. WEIL]10206LOC[MS. WEIL] But10207CCbut it10208PPit might10209MDmight be10210VBbe possible10211JJpossible that10212IN/thatthat they10213PPthey did10214VVDdo n't10215RBn't think10216VVthink they10217PPthey needed10218VVDneed it10219PPit because10220INbecause of10221INof the10222DTthe way10223NNway they10224PPthey put10225VVDput forth10226RBforth all10227PDTall these10228DTthese statutes10229NNSstatute and10230CCand the10231DTthe way10232NNway they10233PPthey kept10234VVDkeep putting10235VVGput in10236INin the10237DTthe 2510238CD@card@ percent10239NNpercent cap10240NNcap and10241CCand the10242DTthe way10243NNway the10244DTthe agency10245NNagency had10246VHDhave read10247VVNread it10248PPit .10249SENT. I10250PPI mean10251VVPmean ,10252,, the10253DTthe ...10254:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]10255LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] What10256WPWhat about10257INabout the10258DTthe language10259NNlanguage ...10260:... I10261PPI 'm10262VBPbe sorry10263JJsorry .10264SENT. Keep10265VVkeep going10266VVGgo .10267SENT. [MS. WEIL]10268LOC[MS. WEIL] From10269INfrom the10270DTthe ...10271:... from10272INfrom the10273DTthe very10274JJvery beginning10275NNbeginning ,10276,, they10277PPthey had10278VHDhave had10279VHNhave the10280DTthe 2510281CD@card@ percent10282NNpercent withholding10283NNwithholding and10284CCand 2510285CD@card@ percent10286NNpercent cap10287NNcap .10288SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]10289LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] What10290WDTwhat ...10291:... what10292WPwhat about10293INabout the10294DTthe language10295NNlanguage that10296IN/thatthat Mr10297NPMr .10298SENT. Yang10299NPYang referred10300VVDrefer to10301TOto in10302INin (10303(( a10304DTa )10305)) (10306(( 410307LS4 )10308)) ?10309SENT? This10310DTthis is10311VBZbe the10312DTthe language10313NNlanguage about10314INabout payment10315NNpayment in10316INin an10317DTan amount10318NNamount equal10319JJequal to10320TOto so10321RBso much10322JJmuch of10323INof the10324DTthe maximum10325JJmaximum fee10326NNfee as10327RBas does10328VVZdo n't10329RBn't exceed10330VVexceed 2510331CD@card@ percent10332NNpercent of10333INof past-due10334JJpast-due benefits10335NNSbenefit ,10336,, which10337WDTwhich suggests10338VVZsuggest that10339IN/thatthat the10340DTthe maximum10341JJmaximum fee10342NNfee could10343MDcould be10344VBbe more10345JJRmore than10346INthan 2510347CD@card@ percent10348NNpercent .10349SENT. [MS. WEIL]10350LOC[MS. WEIL] I10351PPI actually10352RBactually think10353VVPthink that10354IN/thatthat that10355DTthat language10356NNlanguage came10357VVDcome from10358INfrom a10359DTa 199010360CD@card@ conference10361NNconference report10362NNreport .10363SENT. And10364CCand trying10365VVGtry to10366TOto understand10367VVunderstand what10368WPwhat all10369PDTall this10370DTthis is10371VBZbe ,10372,, you10373PPyou have10374VHPhave to10375TOto read10376VVread all10377PDTall this10378DTthis legislative10379JJlegislative history10380NNhistory .10381SENT. And10382CCand part10383NNpart of10384INof the10385DTthe legislative10386JJlegislative history10387NNhistory was10388VBDbe there10389EXthere was10390VBDbe a10391DTa discussion10392NNdiscussion going10393VVGgo on10394INon in10395INin the10396DTthe 199010397CD@card@ Senate10398NPSenate conference10399NNconference report10400NNreport when10401WRBwhen they10402PPthey were10403VBDbe discussing10404VVGdiscuss the10405DTthe fact10406NNfact that10407IN/thatthat the10408DTthe way10409NNway the10410DTthe system10411NNsystem was10412VBDbe set10413VVNset up10414RPup ,10415,, you10416PPyou would10417MDwould determine10418VVdetermine past-due10419JJpast-due benefits10420NNSbenefit .10421SENT. First10422RBfirst ,10423,, you10424PPyou would10425MDwould ,10426,, if10427INif you10428PPyou got10429VVDget ...10430:... if10431INif you10432PPyou had10433VHDhave a10434DTa disability10435NNdisability and10436CCand SSI10437NPSSI claim10438NNclaim ,10439,, you10440PPyou had10441VHDhave to10442TOto determine10443VVdetermine past-due10444JJpast-due benefits10445NNSbenefit by10446INby first10447RBfirst backing10448VVGback out10449RPout ,10450,, reducing10451VVGreduce it10452PPit by10453INby the10454DTthe amount10455NNamount of10456INof the10457DTthe SSI10458NPSSI before10459INbefore you10460PPyou determined10461VVDdetermine the10462DTthe attorney10463NNattorney fee10464NNfee .10465SENT. And10466CCand the10467DTthe reason10468NNreason they10469PPthey were10470VBDbe doing10471VVGdo that10472DTthat is10473VBZbe they10474PPthey were10475VBDbe saying10476VVGsay that10477IN/thatthat the10478DTthe person10479NNperson ended10480VVDend up10481RPup really10482RBreally not10483RBnot needing10484VVGneed the10485DTthe SSI10486NPSSI ,10487,, they10488PPthey were10489VBDbe made10490VVNmake effectively10491RBeffectively poor10492JJpoor by10493INby the10494DTthe fact10495NNfact that10496IN/thatthat we10497PPwe were10498VBDbe n't10499RBn't paying10500VVGpay them10501PPthem the10502DTthe disability10503NNdisability originally10504RBoriginally .10505SENT. So10506RBso when10507WRBwhen we're10508JJwe're ...10509:... going10510VVGgo to10511TOto determine10512VVdetermine attorneys10513NNSattorney '10514POS' fees10515NNSfee ,10516,, we10517PPwe 're10518VBPbe going10519VVGgo to10520TOto reduce10521VVreduce the10522DTthe amount10523NNamount of10524INof the10525DTthe past-due10526JJpast-due benefit10527NNbenefit pool10528NNpool to10529TOto be10530VBbe paid10531VVNpay from10532INfrom .10533SENT. We10534PPwe 're10535VBPbe going10536VVGgo to10537TOto back10538VVback out10539RPout the10540DTthe SSI10541NPSSI payment10542NNpayment .10543SENT. And10544CCand then10545RBthen we10546PPwe 're10547VBPbe going10548VVGgo to10549TOto take10550VVtake 2510551CD@card@ percent10552NNpercent of10553INof that10554DTthat .10555SENT. That10556DTthat was10557VBDbe the10558DTthe way10559NNway the10560DTthe setup10561NNsetup was10562VBDbe .10563SENT. And10564CCand then10565RBthen they10566PPthey put10567VVDput in10568INin the10569DTthe new10570JJnew (10571(( a10572DTa )10573)) (10574(( 410575LS4 )10576)) and10577CCand the10578DTthe new10579JJnew amendments10580NNSamendment for10581INfor the10582DTthe fee10583NNfee agreement10584NNagreement process10585NNprocess .10586SENT. And10587CCand in10588INin that10589DTthat ,10590,, they10591PPthey put10592VVDput in10593INin a10594DTa section10595NNsection saying10596VVGsay ,10597,, well10598RBwell ,10599,, the10600DTthe way10601NNway we10602PPwe 're10603VBPbe going10604VVGgo to10605TOto do10606VVdo it10607PPit now10608RBnow is10609VBZbe we10610PPwe 're10611VBPbe going10612VVGgo to10613TOto let10614VVlet them10615PPthem determine10616VVdetermine the10617DTthe past-due10618JJpast-due benefits10619NNSbenefit out10620INout of10621INof the10622DTthe disability10623NNdisability benefits10624NNSbenefit without10625INwithout reducing10626VVGreduce it10627PPit ,10628,, but10629CCbut they10630PPthey 're10631VBPbe still10632RBstill ...10633:... when10634WRBwhen we10635PPwe 're10636VBPbe going10637VVGgo to10638TOto pay10639VVpay them10640PPthem ,10641,, we10642PPwe still10643RBstill are10644VBPbe withholding10645VVGwithhold only10646RBonly the10647DTthe 2510648CD@card@ percent10649NNpercent .10650SENT. So10651RBso they10652PPthey 're10653VBPbe only10654RBonly going10655VVGgo to10656TOto be10657VBbe able10658JJable to10659TOto be10660VBbe paid10661VVNpay that10662IN/thatthat ,10663,, even10664RBeven though10665INthough they10666PPthey 're10667VBPbe going10668VVGgo to10669TOto be10670VBbe able10671JJable to10672TOto get10673VVget an10674DTan award10675NNaward now10676RBnow of10677INof the10678DTthe disability10679NNdisability benefits10680NNSbenefit without10681INwithout the10682DTthe SSI10683NPSSI backed10684VVDback out10685RPout ,10686,, when10687WRBwhen it10688PPit comes10689VVZcome to10690TOto being10691VBGbe paid10692VVNpay ,10693,, they10694PPthey 're10695VBPbe going10696VVGgo to10697TOto have10698VHhave to10699TOto only10700RBonly get10701VVget from10702INfrom us10703PPus the10704DTthe 2510705CD@card@ percent10706NNpercent after10707INafter the10708DTthe SSI10709NPSSI reduction10710NNreduction .10711SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]10712LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Ms10713NNMs .10714SENT. Weil10715NPWeil ,10716,, I10717PPI believe10718VVPbelieve it10719PPit helps10720VVZhelp you10721PPyou ,10722,, does10723VVZdo n't10724RBn't it10725PPit ,10726,, that10727IN/thatthat the10728DTthe probability10729NNprobability of10730INof there10731RBthere being10732VBGbe an10733DTan award10734NNaward over10735INover percent10736NNpercent of10737INof the10738DTthe past-due10739JJpast-due amounts10740NNSamount is10741VBZbe when10742WRBwhen no10743DTno past-due10744JJpast-due amounts10745NNSamount are10746VBPbe awarded10747VVNaward ,10748,, correct10749VVcorrect ?10750SENT? Because10751INbecause an10752DTan attorney10753NNattorney can10754MDcan receive10755VVreceive a10756DTa reasonable10757JJreasonable fee10758NNfee .10759SENT. [MS. WEIL]10760LOC[MS. WEIL] Correct10761JJcorrect ,10762,, in10763INin a10764DTa overpayment10765NNoverpayment or10766CCor a10767DTa termination10768NNtermination case10769NNcase ?10770SENT? [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]10771LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Exactly10772RBexactly .10773SENT. And10774CCand so10775RBso in10776INin those10777DTthose ...10778:... in10779INin those10780DTthose cases10781NNScase ,10782,, it10783PPit 's10784VBZbe always10785RBalways going10786VVGgo to10787TOto be10788VBbe 2510789CD@card@ percent10790NNpercent ...10791:... more10792JJRmore than10793INthan 2510794CD@card@ percent10795NNpercent .10796SENT. [MS. WEIL]10797LOC[MS. WEIL] Well10798UHWell ,10799,, there10800RBthere ...10801:... yeah10802RByeah ,10803,, there10804EXthere won10805MDwill 't10806RB't be10807VBbe any10808DTany past-due10809JJpast-due benefits10810NNSbenefit .10811SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]10812LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Exactly10813RBexactly .10814SENT. Are10815VBPbe there10816RBthere any10817DTany other10818JJother situations10819NNSsituation in10820INin which10821WDTwhich the10822DTthe percent10823NNpercent ...10824:... over10825INover 2510826CD@card@ percent10827NNpercent could10828MDcould be10829VBbe ,10830,, in10831INin fact10832NNfact ,10833,, calculated10834VVNcalculate ?10835SENT? [MS. WEIL]10836LOC[MS. WEIL] Calculated10837VVDcalculate ?10838SENT? [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]10839LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Because10840INbecause the10841DTthe government10842NNgovernment 's10843VBZbe making10844VVGmake much10845RBmuch of10846INof this10847DTthis ,10848,, that10849IN/thatthat Congress10850NPCongress contemplated10851VVDcontemplate it10852PPit ,10853,, and10854CCand I10855PPI thought10856VVDthink your10857PP$your brief10858NNbrief said10859VVDsay they10860PPthey contemplated10861VVDcontemplate it10862PPit only10863RBonly in10864INin the10865DTthe two10866CDtwo circumstances10867NNScircumstance of10868INof where10869WRBwhere there10870EXthere 's10871VBZbe no10872DTno past-due10873JJpast-due amounts10874NNSamount .10875SENT. [MS. WEIL]10876LOC[MS. WEIL] Well10877UHWell ,10878,, that10879WDTthat 's10880VBZbe correct10881JJcorrect .10882SENT. I10883PPI mean10884VVPmean ,10885,, the10886DTthe only10887JJonly time10888NNtime you10889PPyou would10890MDwould be10891VBbe getting10892VVGget benefits10893NNSbenefit ,10894,, you10895PPyou 'd10896MDwould either10897RBeither ...10898:... the10899DTthe only10900JJonly time10901NNtime these10902DTthese cases10903NNScase would10904MDwould come10905VVcome before10906RBbefore without10907INwithout two10908CDtwo past10909NNpast ...10910:... without10911INwithout past-due10912JJpast-due benefits10913NNSbenefit being10914VBGbe available10915JJavailable to10916TOto determine10917VVdetermine the10918DTthe 2510919CD@card@ percent10920NNpercent out10921RPout of10922INof would10923MDwould be10924VBbe overpayment10925NNoverpayment and10926CCand termination10927NNtermination cases10928NNScase .10929SENT. I10930PPI think10931VVPthink it10932PPit 's10933VBZbe very10934RBvery important10935JJimportant to10936TOto keep10937VVkeep in10938INin mind10939NNmind when10940WRBwhen we10941PPwe are10942VBPbe looking10943VVGlook at10944INat this10945DTthis as10946INas a10947DTa whole10948NNwhole to10949TOto determine10950VVdetermine what10951WPwhat Congress10952NPCongress had10953VHDhave intended10954VVNintend in10955INin terms10956NNSterm of10957INof who10958WPwho we10959PPwe 're10960VBPbe talking10961VVGtalk about10962RBabout .10963SENT. Again10964RBagain ,10965,, these10966DTthese are10967VBPbe claimants10968NNSclaimant who10969WPwho ,10970,, had10971VHDhave they10972PPthey originally10973RBoriginally gone10974VVNgo before10975INbefore the10976DTthe agency10977NNagency and10978CCand been10979VBNbe awarded10980VVNaward ...10981:... awarded10982VVDaward their10983PP$their benefits10984NNSbenefit ,10985,, they10986PPthey would10987MDwould n't10988RBn't have10989VHhave had10990VHNhave anything10991NNanything out10992RPout of10993INof them10994PPthem .10995SENT. They10996PPthey would10997MDwould have10998VHhave had10999VHNhave 10011000CD@card@ percent11001NNpercent of11002INof their11003PP$their benefits11004NNSbenefit awarded11005VVDaward .11006SENT. But11007CCbut now11008RBnow agency11009NNagency wrongfully11010RBwrongfully ,11011,, and11012CCand it11013PPit turns11014VVZturn out11015INout they11016PPthey agree11017VVPagree ,11018,, wrongfully11019RBwrongfully denied11020VVDdeny them11021PPthem the11022DTthe benefits11023NNSbenefit .11024SENT. So11025RBso the11026DTthe ...11027:... over11028INover a11029DTa course11030NNcourse of11031INof years11032NNSyear ,11033,, these11034DTthese past-due11035JJpast-due benefits11036NNSbenefit are11037VBPbe accruing11038VVGaccrue ,11039,, this11040DTthis is11041VBZbe n't11042RBn't nothing11043NNnothing .11044SENT. This11045DTthis is11046VBZbe n't11047RBn't a11048DTa small11049JJsmall ...11050:... [JUSTICE GORSUCH]11051LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] But11052CCbut is11053VBZbe n't11054RBn't that11055IN/thatthat exactly11056RBexactly the11057DTthe hardest11058JJShard cases11059NNScase where11060WRBwhere you11061PPyou maybe11062RBmaybe are11063VBPbe most11064RBSmost in11065RBin need11066VVPneed of11067INof good11068JJgood legal11069JJlegal services11070NNSservice and11071CCand lawyers11072NNSlawyer might11073MDmight be11074VBbe least11075RBSleast likely11076JJlikely to11077TOto participate11078VVparticipate ?11079SENT? [MS. WEIL]11080LOC[MS. WEIL] Well11081UHWell ,11082,, that11083WDTthat 's11084VBZbe the11085DTthe fortunate11086JJfortunate thing11087NNthing about11088INabout (11089(( a11090DTa )11091)) ,11092,, the11093DTthe 2511094CD@card@ percent11095NNpercent does11096VVZdo satisfy11097VVsatisfy the11098DTthe attorneys11099NNSattorney and11100CCand ,11101,, (11102(( b11103LSb )11104)) ,11105,, the11106DTthe EAJA11107NPEAJA award11108NNaward can11109MDcan be11110VBbe in11111INin excess11112NNexcess of11113INof that11114DTthat .11115SENT. You11116PPyou can11117MDcan make11118VVmake the11119DTthe claimant11120NNclaimant whole11121NNwhole and11122CCand the11123DTthe attorney11124NNattorney can11125MDcan ...11126:... [JUSTICE GORSUCH]11127LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] But11128CCbut you11129PPyou would11130MDwould agree11131VVagree with11132INwith the11133DTthe premise11134NNpremise that11135WDTthat ...11136:... that11137IN/thatthat these11138DTthese are11139VBPbe the11140DTthe cases11141NNScase ,11142,, these11143DTthese are11144VBPbe the11145DTthe hardest11146JJShard cases11147NNScase where11148WRBwhere attorneys11149NNSattorney are11150VBPbe most11151RBSmost useful11152JJuseful perhaps11153RBperhaps ?11154SENT? [MS. WEIL]11155LOC[MS. WEIL] Well11156UHwell ,11157,, I11158PPI think11159VVPthink they11160PPthey 're11161VBPbe necessary11162JJnecessary to11163TOto go11164VVgo into11165INinto court11166NNcourt .11167SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]11168LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] Yeah11169NPYeah .11170SENT. [MS. WEIL]11171LOC[MS. WEIL] I11172PPI do11173VVPdo n't11174RBn't know11175VVknow necessarily11176RBnecessarily the11177DTthe hardest11178JJShard cases11179NNScase ,11180,, but11181CCbut definitely11182RBdefinitely ...11183:... [JUSTICE GORSUCH]11184LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] They11185PPthey 've11186VHPhave lost11187VVNlose below11188RBbelow .11189SENT. [MS. WEIL]11190LOC[MS. WEIL] And11191CCand that11192DTthat 's11193VBZbe the11194DTthe only11195JJonly ...11196:... [JUSTICE GORSUCH]11197LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] They11198PPthey 've11199VHPhave lost11200VVNlose below11201RBbelow .11202SENT. [MS. WEIL]11203LOC[MS. WEIL] They11204PPthey lost11205VVDlose below11206RBbelow .11207SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]11208LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] And11209CCand now11210RBnow they11211PPthey 're11212VBPbe going11213VVGgo to11214TOto court11215NNcourt ?11216SENT? [MS. WEIL]11217LOC[MS. WEIL] And11218CCand now11219RBnow they11220PPthey 're11221VBPbe going11222VVGgo to11223TOto court11224NNcourt .11225SENT. And11226CCand my11227PP$my point11228NNpoint being11229NNbeing that11230WDTthat had11231VHDhave they11232PPthey not11233RBnot had11234VHDhave to11235TOto go11236VVgo to11237TOto court11238NNcourt ,11239,, had11240VHDhave they11241PPthey not11242RBnot had11243VHDhave to11244TOto go11245VVgo to11246TOto court11247NNcourt and11248CCand had11249VHDhave they11250PPthey been11251VBNbe rightfully11252RBrightfully paid11253VVNpay ,11254,, then11255RBthen they11256PPthey would11257MDwould n't11258RBn't be11259VBbe paying11260VVGpay any11261DTany attorneys11262NNSattorney '11263POS' fees11264NNSfee .11265SENT. So11266INso a11267DTa lot11268NNlot of11269INof people11270NNSpeople might11271MDmight think11272VVthink :11273:: Well11274UHWell ,11275,, maybe11276RBmaybe the11277DTthe government11278NNgovernment ought11279MDought to11280TOto be11281VBbe paying11282VVGpay their11283PP$their fees11284NNSfee .11285SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]11286LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] Sure11287NPSure .11288SENT. That11289DTthat would11290MDwould be11291VBbe a11292DTa reasonable11293JJreasonable judgment11294NNjudgment too11295RBtoo .11296SENT. [MS. WEIL]11297LOC[MS. WEIL] But11298CCbut ,11299,, instead11300RBinstead ,11301,, this11302DTthis is11303VBZbe coming11304VVGcome out11305RPout of11306INof past-due11307JJpast-due benefits11308NNSbenefit .11309SENT. So11310RBso you11311PPyou have11312VHPhave to11313TOto determine11314VVdetermine ,11315,, and11316CCand Your11317PP$your Honors11318NNShonors have11319VHPhave to11320TOto determine11321VVdetermine ,11322,, what11323WPwhat did11324VVDdo Congress11325NPCongress intend11326VVintend when11327WRBwhen they11328PPthey were11329VBDbe doing11330VVGdo this11331DTthis .11332SENT. When11333WRBwhen they11334PPthey put11335VVDput the11336DTthe statute11337NNstatute out11338RBout ,11339,, when11340WRBwhen we11341PPwe know11342VVPknow they11343PPthey thought11344VVDthink 3311345CD@card@ percent11346NNpercent to11347TOto 5011348CD@card@ percent11349NNpercent was11350VBDbe inordinately11351RBinordinately high11352JJhigh ,11353,, what11354WPwhat did11355VVDdo they11356PPthey actually11357RBactually intend11358VVPintend to11359TOto have11360VHhave happen11361VVhappen with11362INwith the11363DTthe agency11364NNagency ?11365SENT? And11366CCand the11367DTthe agency11368NNagency determined11369VVDdetermine that11370IN/thatthat 2511371CD@card@ percent11372NNpercent was11373VBDbe the11374DTthe maximum11375NNmaximum .11376SENT. And11377CCand the11378DTthe agency11379NNagency determined11380VVDdetermine that11381IN/thatthat that11382DTthat percent11383NNpercent aggregate11384NNaggregate was11385VBDbe what11386WPwhat they11387PPthey would11388MDwould advocate11389VVadvocate in11390INin favor11391NNfavor of11392INof .11393SENT. And11394CCand ,11395,, in11396INin fact11397NNfact ,11398,, if11399INif I11400PPI could11401MDcould ,11402,, Your11403PP$your Honors11404NNShonors ,11405,, I11406PPI found11407VVDfind the11408DTthe brief11409NNbrief where11410WRBwhere they11411PPthey wrote11412VVDwrite in11413INin Dawson11414NPDawson to11415TOto explain11416VVexplain their11417PP$their position11418NNposition ,11419,, which11420WDTwhich has11421VHZhave been11422VBNbe maintained11423VVNmaintain for11424INfor 5011425CD@card@ years11426NNSyear ,11427,, for11428INfor half11429PDThalf a11430DTa century11431NNcentury :11432:: "11433``" The11434DTthe most11435JJSmost of11436INof the11437DTthe benefits11438NNSbenefit provided11439VVNprovide for11440INfor by11441INby the11442DTthe Act11443NPAct are11444VBPbe intended11445VVNintend to11446TOto supply11447VVsupply a11448DTa means11449NNmeans of11450INof livelihood11451NNlivelihood to11452TOto persons11453NNSperson who11454WPwho have11455VHPhave been11456VBNbe deprived11457VVNdeprive of11458INof their11459PP$their ability11460NNability to11461TOto support11462VVsupport themselves11463PPthemselves ,11464,, e11465NNe .11466SENT. g11467NNg .11468SENT. ,11469,, old11470JJold age11471NNage benefits11472NNSbenefit for11473INfor retirees11474NNSretiree and11475CCand disability11476NNdisability benefits11477NNSbenefit for11478INfor the11479DTthe disabled11480JJdisabled .11481SENT. "11482''" The11483DTthe majority11484NNmajority of11485INof the11486DTthe claimants11487NNSclaimant for11488INfor benefits11489NNSbenefit ,11490,, therefore11491RBtherefore ,11492,, depend11493VVPdepend upon11494INupon them11495PPthem for11496INfor subsistence11497NNsubsistence ,11498,, part11499NNpart of11500INof their11501PP$their livelihood11502NNlivelihood .11503SENT. And11504CCand for11505INfor most11506JJSmost ,11507,, many11508JJmany of11509INof the11510DTthe benefits11511NNSbenefit are11512VBPbe their11513PP$their sole11514JJsole means11515NNSmean of11516INof support11517NNsupport .11518SENT. Often11519RBoften ,11520,, by11521INby the11522DTthe time11523NNtime past-due11524JJpast-due benefits11525NNSbenefit are11526VBPbe recovered11527VVNrecover from11528INfrom the11529DTthe Secretary11530NPSecretary ,11531,, the11532DTthe claimant11533NNclaimant is11534VBZbe in11535INin dire11536JJdire financial11537JJfinancial need11538NNneed .11539SENT. Deduction11540NNdeduction of11541INof a11542DTa third11543JJthird to11544TOto a11545DTa half11546NNhalf of11547INof these11548DTthese benefits11549NNSbenefit ,11550,, whatever11551WDTwhatever the11552DTthe purpose11553NNpurpose ,11554,, can11555MDcan impose11556VVimpose serious11557JJserious financial11558JJfinancial hardship11559NNhardship on11560INon the11561DTthe claimant11562NNclaimant .11563SENT. "11564''" Congress11565NPCongress has11566VHZhave sought11567VVNseek to11568TOto balance11569VVbalance these11570DTthese needs11571NNSneed against11572INagainst that11573DTthat of11574INof the11575DTthe attorney11576NNattorney by11577INby giving11578VVGgive the11579DTthe court11580NNcourt authority11581NNauthority to11582TOto fix11583VVfix a11584DTa fee11585NNfee for11586INfor the11587DTthe attorney11588NNattorney when11589WRBwhen the11590DTthe court11591NNcourt renders11592VVZrender a11593DTa judgment11594NNjudgment favorable11595JJfavorable to11596TOto the11597DTthe claimant11598NNclaimant and11599CCand by11600INby limiting11601VVGlimit the11602DTthe amount11603NNamount of11604INof that11605DTthat fee11606NNfee to11607TOto a11608DTa maximum11609NNmaximum of11610INof 2511611CD@card@ percent11612NNpercent of11613INof the11614DTthe past-due11615JJpast-due benefits11616NNSbenefit .11617SENT. "11618``" It11619PPit 's11620VBZbe plain11621JJplain ,11622,, therefore11623RBtherefore ,11624,, that11625IN/thatthat the11626DTthe Court11627NPCourt 's11628POS's allowance11629NNallowance of11630INof a11631DTa fee11632NNfee in11633INin a11634DTa Social11635NPSocial Security11636NPSecurity case11637NNcase larger11638JJRlarge than11639INthan an11640DTan overall11641JJoverall 2511642CD@card@ percent11643NNpercent of11644INof past-due11645JJpast-due benefits11646NNSbenefit recovered11647VVNrecover would11648MDwould be11649VBbe contrary11650JJcontrary to11651TOto Congress11652NPCongress 's11653POS's will11654NNwill .11655SENT. "11656''" That11657WDTthat was11658VBDbe ...11659:... that11660WDTthat was11661VBDbe ...11662:... [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]11663LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] I11664PPI 'm11665VBPbe sorry11666JJsorry ,11667,, counsel11668NNcounsel ,11669,, what11670WPwhat are11671VBPbe you11672PPyou ...11673:... what11674WPwhat are11675VBPbe you11676PPyou reading11677VVGread from11678INfrom ?11679SENT? [MS. WEIL]11680LOC[MS. WEIL] I11681PPI 'm11682VBPbe reading11683VVGread from11684INfrom the11685DTthe brief11686NNbrief of11687INof the11688DTthe government11689NNgovernment in11690INin Dawson11691NPDawson .11692SENT. So11693RBso that11694DTthat was11695VBDbe in11696INin 411697CD4 197011698CD@card@ .11699SENT. Then11700RBthen ,11701,, in11702INin Gisbrecht11703NPGisbrecht ,11704,, the11705DTthe solicitor11706NNsolicitor said11707VVDsay that11708IN/thatthat "11709``" the11710DTthe statute11711NNstatute 's11712POS's primary11713JJprimary goal11714NNgoal is11715VBZbe ensuring11716VVGensure the11717DTthe claimant11718NNclaimant keeps11719VVZkeep as11720RBas much11721RBmuch of11722INof the11723DTthe back-due11724NNback-due award11725NNaward as11726INas possible11727JJpossible .11728SENT. "11729''" And11730CCand then11731RBthen later11732RBRlater said11733VVNsay ...11734:... quoted11735VVNquote an11736DTan Eleventh11737JJeleventh Circuit11738NPCircuit case11739NNcase ,11740,, Kay11741NPKay versus11742CCversus Apfel11743NPApfel ,11744,, in11745INin the11746DTthe same11747JJsame brief11748NNbrief in11749INin this11750DTthis Court11751NPCourt ,11752,, that11753IN/thatthat "11754``" 40611755CD@card@ (11756(( b11757LSb )11758)) is11759VBZbe designed11760VVNdesign to11761TOto protect11762VVprotect a11763DTa particularly11764RBparticularly vulnerable11765JJvulnerable class11766NNclass of11767INof claimants11768NNSclaimant .11769SENT. Many11770JJmany claimants11771NNSclaimant in11772INin Social11773NPSocial Security11774NPSecurity benefit11775NNbenefit cases11776NNScase are11777VBPbe minors11778NNSminor or11779CCor incompetent11780JJincompetent to11781TOto manage11782VVmanage their11783PP$their affairs11784NNSaffair ,11785,, or11786CCor disadvantaged11787VVNdisadvantage by11788INby lack11789NNlack of11790INof education11791NNeducation or11792CCor physical11793JJphysical or11794CCor mental11795JJmental impairment11796NNimpairment .11797SENT. "11798``" So11799RBso I11800PPI think11801VVPthink that11802IN/thatthat this11803DTthis Court11804NPCourt in11805INin looking11806VVGlook at11807INat what11808WPwhat Congress11809NPCongress intended11810VVDintend needs11811NNSneed to11812TOto look11813VVlook at11814INat what11815WPwhat the11816DTthe Commission11817NPCommission had11818VHDhave said11819VVNsay for11820INfor years11821NNSyear ,11822,, because11823INbecause they11824PPthey were11825VBDbe the11826DTthe implementing11827VVGimplement body11828NNbody .11829SENT. They11830PPthey were11831VBDbe the11832DTthe ones11833NNSone who11834WPwho were11835VBDbe reading11836VVGread these11837DTthese statutory11838JJstatutory changes11839NNSchange ,11840,, the11841DTthe amendments11842NNSamendment as11843INas they11844PPthey came11845VVDcome along11846RPalong ,11847,, and11848CCand they11849PPthey made11850VVDmake it11851PPit consistent11852JJconsistent ,11853,, always11854RBalways were11855VBDbe consistently11856RBconsistently taking11857VVGtake the11858DTthe position11859NNposition that11860IN/thatthat 2511861CD@card@ percent11862NNpercent of11863INof the11864DTthe past-due11865JJpast-due benefits11866NNSbenefit that11867WDTthat had11868VHDhave been11869VBNbe accruing11870VVGaccrue over11871INover the11872DTthe time11873NNtime the11874DTthe case11875NNcase was11876VBDbe in11877INin court11878NNcourt or11879CCor before11880INbefore the11881DTthe agency11882NNagency was11883VBDbe what11884WPwhat would11885MDwould be11886VBbe Congress11887NPCongress 's11888POS's intent11889NNintent .11890SENT. Congress11891NPCongress ,11892,, the11893DTthe agency11894NNagency ,11895,, and11896CCand the11897DTthe courts11898NNScourt have11899VHPhave knitted11900VVNknit together11901RBtogether a11902DTa system11903NNsystem with11904INwith a11905DTa percent11906NNpercent aggregate11907JJaggregate cap11908NNcap that11909WDTthat has11910VHZhave been11911VBNbe working11912VVGwork since11913INsince 196511914CD@card@ .11915SENT. Petitioner11916NNpetitioner and11917CCand Respondents11918NNSrespondent have11919VHPhave urged11920VVNurge this11921DTthis Court11922NPCourt to11923TOto pull11924VVpull a11925DTa thread11926NNthread on11927INon that11928DTthat system11929NNsystem and11930CCand to11931TOto begin11932VVbegin to11933TOto unravel11934VVunravel it11935PPit .11936SENT. I11937PPI would11938MDwould urge11939VVurge this11940DTthis Court11941NPCourt not11942RBnot to11943TOto do11944VVdo that11945DTthat .11946SENT. The11947DTthe judgment11948NNjudgment of11949INof the11950DTthe Eleventh11951JJeleventh Circuit11952NNcircuit ,11953,, we11954PPwe ask11955VVPask ,11956,, be11957VBbe affirmed11958VVNaffirm .11959SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]11960LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Thank11961VVthank you11962PPyou ,11963,, counsel11964NNcounsel .11965SENT. Mr11966NPMr .11967SENT. Ortiz11968NPOrtiz ,11969,, you11970PPyou have11971VHPhave a11972DTa minute11973NNminute left11974VVDleave .11975SENT.

[MR. ORTIZ]11976LOC[MR. ORTIZ] Thank11977VVthank you11978PPyou ,11979,, Mr11980NPMr .11981SENT. Chief11982NPChief Justice11983NPJustice .11984SENT. Might11985MDmight I11986PPI make11987VVmake quickly11988RBquickly three11989CDthree points11990NNSpoint :11991:: It11992PPit 's11993VBZbe not11994RBnot the11995DTthe case11996NNcase that11997IN/thatthat overpayment11998NNoverpayment and11999CCand termination12000NNtermination are12001VBPbe the12002DTthe only12003JJonly situations12004NNSsituation where12005WRBwhere you12006PPyou can12007MDcan get12008VVget in12009INin a12010DTa situation12011NNsituation of12012INof having12013VHGhave over12014INover percent12015NNpercent .12016SENT. You12017PPyou can12018MDcan also12019RBalso have12020VHhave those12021DTthose cases12022NNScase under12023INunder the12024DTthe petition12025NNpetition fee12026NNfee process12027NNprocess where12028WRBwhere the12029DTthe agency12030NNagency sets12031VVZset a12032DTa reasonable12033JJreasonable fee12034NNfee ,12035,, there12036EXthere 's12037VBZbe no12038DTno restriction12039NNrestriction on12040INon that12041DTthat .12042SENT. The12043DTthe timeline12044NNtimeline problem12045NNproblem that12046IN/thatthat my12047PP$my friend12048NNfriend mentions12049VVZmention is12050VBZbe really12051RBreally no12052DTno problem12053NNproblem at12054INat all12055DTall because12056INbecause ,12057,, in12058INin Gisbrecht12059NPGisbrecht ,12060,, this12061DTthis Court12062NPCourt instructed12063VVDinstruct the12064DTthe lower12065JJRlow court12066NNcourt to12067TOto take12068VVtake exactly12069RBexactly that12070DTthat consideration12071NNconsideration into12072INinto account12073NNaccount in12074INin setting12075VVGset reasonable12076JJreasonable fees12077NNSfee under12078INunder 40612079CD@card@ .12080SENT. And12081CCand ,12082,, finally12083RBfinally ,12084,, in12085INin Horenstein12086NPHorenstein ,12087,, although12088INalthough that12089WDTthat was12090VBDbe primarily12091RBprimarily a12092DTa single12093JJsingle tribunal12094NNtribunal case12095NNcase ,12096,, the12097DTthe Sixth12098NPSixth Circuit12099NPCircuit en12100INen banc12101NNbanc made12102VVDmake clear12103JJclear that12104IN/thatthat the12105DTthe single12106JJsingle tribunal12107NNtribunal rule12108NNrule and12109CCand the12110DTthe aggregate12111JJaggregate cap12112NNcap rule12113NNrule had12114VHDhave to12115TOto stand12116VVstand or12117CCor fall12118VVfall together12119RBtogether .12120SENT. We12121PPwe ask12122VVPask this12123DTthis Court12124NPCourt to12125TOto reverse12126VVreverse the12127DTthe judgment12128NNjudgment of12129INof the12130DTthe Eleventh12131JJeleventh Circuit12132NNcircuit and12133CCand remand12134NNremand for12135INfor further12136JJRfurther proceedings12137NNSproceeding .12138SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]12139LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Thank12140VVthank you12141PPyou ,12142,, counsel12143NNcounsel .12144SENT. Ms12145NNMs .12146SENT. Weil12147NPWeil ,12148,, this12149DTthis Court12150NPCourt appointed12151VVDappoint you12152PPyou to12153TOto brief12154VVbrief and12155CCand argue12156VVargue this12157DTthis case12158NNcase as12159INas an12160DTan amicus12161NNamicus curiae12162NNScuria in12163INin support12164NNsupport of12165INof the12166DTthe judgment12167NNjudgment below12168RBbelow .12169SENT. You12170PPyou have12171VHPhave ably12172RBably discharged12173VVNdischarge that12174DTthat responsibility12175NNresponsibility ,12176,, for12177INfor which12178WDTwhich we12179PPwe are12180VBPbe grateful12181JJgrateful .12182SENT. [MS. WEIL]12183LOC[MS. WEIL] Thank12184VVthank you12185PPyou .12186SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]12187LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] The12188DTthe case12189NNcase is12190VBZbe submitted12191VVNsubmit .12192SENT.