[MR. WAXMAN]21LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Mr22NPMr .23SENT. Chief24NPChief Justice25NPJustice ,26,, and27CCand may28MDmay it29PPit please30VVplease the31DTthe Court32NPCourt :33:: In34INin Miles35NPMiles ,36,, this37DTthis Court38NPCourt emphasized39VVDemphasize that40IN/thatthat when41WRBwhen Congress42NPCongress enacted43VVDenact the44DTthe Jones45NPJones Act46NPAct ,47,, it48PPit took49VVDtake principal50JJprincipal responsibility51NNresponsibility for52INfor fashioning53VVGfashion remedies54NNSremedy for55INfor injured56JJinjured seamen57NNSseaman .58SENT. And59CCand again60RBagain and61CCand again62RBagain ,63,, this64DTthis Court65NPCourt has66VHZhave followed67VVNfollow Congress68NPCongress 's69POS's lead70NNlead ...71:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]72LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I73PPI 'm74VBPbe sorry75JJsorry ,76,, that77WDTthat ...78:... that79WDTthat 's80VBZbe a81DTa little82JJlittle bit83NNbit backwards84RBbackwards .85SENT. I86PPI thought87VVDthink the88DTthe Jones89NPJones Act90NPAct directly91RBdirectly says92VVZsay that93IN/thatthat it94PPit 's95VBZbe there96RBthere to97TOto supplement98VVsupplement whatever99WDTwhatever the100DTthe remedies101NNSremedy were102VBDbe ,103,, not104RBnot to105TOto take106VVtake remedies107NNSremedy away108RBaway .109SENT. It110PPit was111VBDbe there112RBthere to113TOto give114VVgive more115JJRmore protection116NNprotection to117TOto seamen118NNSseaman ,119,, not120RBnot less121JJRless .122SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]123LOC[MR. WAXMAN] So124INso the125DTthe Jones126NPJones Act127NPAct does128VVZdo n't129RBn't say130VVsay anything131NNanything about132INabout remedies133NNSremedy ...134:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]135LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But136CCbut our137PP$our case138NNcase law139NNlaw has140VHZhave said141VVNsay it142PPit repeatedly143RBrepeatedly .144SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]145LOC[MR. WAXMAN] You146PPyou ...147:... what148WPwhat this149DTthis Court150NPCourt said151VVDsay just152RBjust a153DTa few154JJfew years155NNSyear after156INafter the157DTthe Jones158NPJones Act159NPAct was160VBDbe enacted161VVNenact was162VBDbe that163IN/thatthat the164DTthe Jones165NPJones Act166NPAct provides167VVZprovide ,168,, vis-a-vis169JJvis-a-vis unseaworthiness170NNunseaworthiness ,171,, alternative172JJalternative grounds173NNSground for174INfor recovery175NNrecovery of176INof a177DTa single178JJsingle cause179NNcause of180INof action181NNaction .182SENT. And183CCand the184DTthe Court185NPCourt also186RBalso said187VVDsay ,188,, in189INin Mitchell190NPMitchell versus191CCversus Trawler192NNtrawler Racer193NNracer several194JJseveral years195NNSyear later196RBRlater ,197,, that198WDTthat with199INwith the200DTthe passage201NNpassage of202INof the203DTthe Jones204NPJones Act205NPAct ,206,, Congress207NPCongress obliterated208VVDobliterate all209DTall distinctions210NNSdistinction between211INbetween the212DTthe kinds213NNSkind of214INof negligence215NNnegligence for216INfor which217WDTwhich shipowners218NNSshipowner are219VBPbe liable220JJliable .221SENT. And222CCand it223PPit 's224VBZbe important225JJimportant ...226:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]227LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But228CCbut that229WDTthat does230VVZdo n't231RBn't tell232VVtell me233PPme that234IN/thatthat their235PP$their intent236NNintent was237VBDbe to238TOto take239VVtake away240RPaway common241JJcommon law242NNlaw remedies243NNSremedy .244SENT. And245CCand I246PPI thought247VVDthink that248WDTthat 's249VBZbe what250WPwhat Townsend251NPTownsend said252VVDsay ,253,, which254WDTwhich is255VBZbe if256INif ...257:... unless258INunless there259EXthere is260VBZbe some261DTsome proof262NNproof ,263,, contrary264JJcontrary evidence265NNevidence ,266,, those267DTthose common268JJcommon law269NNlaw remedies270NNSremedy still271RBstill remain272VVPremain .273SENT. And274CCand so275INso my276PP$my question277NNquestion is278VBZbe that279WDTthat 's280VBZbe a281DTa different282JJdifferent statement283NNstatement than284INthan what285WPwhat you286PPyou started287VVDstart with288INwith .289SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]290LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Well291UHWell ,292,, I293PPI ...294:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]295LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] That296IN/thatthat it297PPit 's298VBZbe the299DTthe exclusive300JJexclusive remedy301NNremedy .302SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]303LOC[MR. WAXMAN] No304NPNo ,305,, I306PPI think307VVPthink my308PP$my ...309:... I310PPI 'm311VBPbe not312RBnot sure313JJsure that314IN/thatthat it315PPit is316VBZbe a317DTa different318JJdifferent statement319NNstatement .320SENT. The321DTthe question322NNquestion is323VBZbe ...324:... and325CCand this326DTthis Court327NPCourt has328VHZhave made329VVNmake clear330JJclear ,331,, not332RBnot only333RBonly in334INin this335DTthis area336NNarea of337INof the338DTthe law339NNlaw ,340,, vis-a-vis341INvis-a-vis the342DTthe Jones343NPJones Act344NPAct ,345,, and346CCand in347INin cases348NNScase like349INlike Moragne350NPMoragne and351CCand Mahnich352NPMahnich and353CCand Miles354NPMiles itself355PPitself ,356,, that357IN/thatthat when358WRBwhen Congress359NPCongress exercised360VVNexercise ...361:... but362CCbut also363RBalso in364INin cases365NNScase like366VVPlike ...367:... and368CCand I369PPI point370VVPpoint the371DTthe Court372NNcourt to373TOto the374DTthe ...375:... the376DTthe Court377NPCourt 's378POS's decision379NNdecision in380INin Milwaukee381NPMilwaukee versus382CCversus Illinois383NPIllinois ,384,, in385INin which386WDTwhich the387DTthe Court388NPCourt stated389VVDstate the390DTthe general391JJgeneral ...392:... broader393JJRbroad rule394NNrule that395IN/thatthat when396WRBwhen federal397JJfederal ...398:... when399WRBwhen this400DTthis Court401NPCourt sits402VVZsit as403INas a404DTa federal405JJfederal common406JJcommon law407NNlaw court408NNcourt and409CCand announces410VVZannounce and411CCand expounds412VVZexpound the413DTthe scope414NNscope of415INof federal416JJfederal common417JJcommon law418NNlaw remedies419NNSremedy ,420,, it421PPit has422VHZhave the423DTthe authority424NNauthority to425TOto do426VVdo that427DTthat interstitial428JJinterstitial law-making429NNlaw-making function430NNfunction ,431,, but432CCbut when433WRBwhen Congress434NPCongress then435RBthen comes436VVZcome in437INin and438CCand legislates439VVZlegislate in440INin that441DTthat particular442JJparticular area443NNarea and444CCand sets445NNSset out446INout particular447JJparticular remedies448NNSremedy ,449,, the450DTthe previous451JJprevious scope452NNscope of453INof the454DTthe common455JJcommon law456NNlaw remedies457NNSremedy subside458VVPsubside .459SENT. That460DTthat 's461VBZbe exactly462RBexactly what463WPwhat this464DTthis ...465:... Chief466JJchief Justice467NPJustice Rehnquist468NPRehnquist explained469VVDexplain for470INfor the471DTthe Court472NPCourt in473INin Milwaukee474NPMilwaukee ,475,, and476CCand it477PPit 's478VBZbe what479WPwhat happened480VVDhappen in481INin this482DTthis case483NNcase and484CCand is485VBZbe what486WPwhat ought487MDought to488TOto happen489VVhappen in490INin this491DTthis case492NNcase .493SENT. Now494RBnow ,495,, as496RBas to497TOto Townsend498NPTownsend ,499,, Townsend500NPTownsend is501VBZbe very502RBvery much503JJmuch not504RBnot to505TOto the506DTthe contrary507NNcontrary because508INbecause it509PPit is510VBZbe ...511:... it512PPit involved513VVDinvolve maintenance514NNmaintenance and515CCand cure516NNcure ,517,, rather518RBrather than519INthan unseaworthiness520NNunseaworthiness ,521,, and522CCand that523WDTthat makes524VVZmake a525DTa tremendous526JJtremendous difference527NNdifference in528INin several529JJseveral dimensions530NNSdimension .531SENT. First532RBfirst of533INof all534RBall and535CCand most536RBSmost fundamentally537RBfundamentally ,538,, unseaworthiness539NNunseaworthiness is540VBZbe a541DTa substitute542NNsubstitute for543INfor Jones544NPJones Act545NPAct negligence546NNnegligence ,547,, while548INwhile maintenance549NNmaintenance and550CCand cure551NNcure ,552,, as553INas this554DTthis Court555NPCourt in556INin Townsend557NPTownsend ...558:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]559LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Not560RBnot a561DTa complete562JJcomplete substitute563NNsubstitute .564SENT. There565EXthere are566VBPbe different567JJdifferent elements568NNSelement to569TOto unseaworthiness570NNunseaworthiness than571INthan there572EXthere are573VBPbe to574TOto ordinary575JJordinary negligence576NNnegligence .577SENT. It578PPit ...579:... there580EXthere 's581VBZbe different582JJdifferent standards583NNSstandard .584SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]585LOC[MR. WAXMAN] But586CCbut I587PPI ...588:... our589PP$our ...590:... our591PP$our ...592:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]593LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] It594PPit 's595VBZbe a596DTa different597JJdifferent cause598NNcause of599INof action600NNaction .601SENT. The602DTthe remedies603NNSremedy may604MDmay overlap605VVoverlap ,606,, but607CCbut not608RBnot the609DTthe cause610NNcause of611INof action612NNaction .613SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]614LOC[MR. WAXMAN] The615DTthe cause616NNcause ...617:... at618INat the619DTthe time620NNtime that621IN/thatthat the622DTthe Jones623NPJones Act624NPAct was625VBDbe enacted626VVNenact ,627,, the628DTthe contours629NNScontour of630INof the631DTthe particular632JJparticular cause633NNcause of634INof action635NNaction differed636VVDdiffer significantly637RBsignificantly .638SENT. The639DTthe Jones640NPJones Act641NPAct was642VBDbe much643JJmuch ...644:... reached645VVDreach much646RBmuch broader647JJRbroad .648SENT. But649CCbut this650DTthis Court651NPCourt nonetheless652RBnonetheless said653VVDsay in654INin the655DTthe 1920s656NNS1920s ,657,, in658INin Phillips659NPPhillips and660CCand in661INin Townsend662NPTownsend ,663,, in664INin Baltimore665NPBaltimore Steamship666NNsteamship ,667,, that668WDTthat ...669:... and670CCand Peterson671NPPeterson ,672,, rather673RBrather ,674,, that675IN/thatthat this676DTthis ...677:... what678WPwhat Congress679NPCongress did680VVDdo was681VBDbe to682TOto legislate683VVlegislate an684DTan alternative685JJalternative grounds686NNSground for687INfor the688DTthe recovery689NNrecovery of690INof a691DTa single692JJsingle cause693NNcause of694INof action695NNaction .696SENT. And697CCand this698DTthis Court699NPCourt explained700VVDexplain right701RBright away702RBaway if703INif ...704:... [JUSTICE GINSBURG]705LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] But706CCbut I707PPI thought708VVDthink ...709:... Mr710NPMr .711SENT. Waxman712NPWaxman ,713,, if714INif I715PPI can716MDcan interrupt717VVinterrupt you718PPyou there719RBthere .720SENT. I721PPI thought722VVDthink the723DTthe main724JJmain reason725NNreason for726INfor the727DTthe Jones728NPJones Act729NPAct was730VBDbe that731IN/thatthat there732EXthere was733VBDbe n't734RBn't ,735,, under736INunder the737DTthe unseaworthiness738NNunseaworthiness doctrine739NNdoctrine ,740,, a741DTa simple742JJsimple case743NNcase of744INof negligence745NNnegligence .746SENT. A747DTa fellow748JJfellow crew749NNcrew member750NNmember acts751VVZact negligently752RBnegligently and753CCand injures754VVZinjure you755PPyou ;756:; there757EXthere was758VBDbe no759DTno unseaworthiness760NNunseaworthiness remedy761NNremedy for762INfor that763DTthat .764SENT. And765CCand so766INso Jones767NPJones came768VVDcome in769INin to770TOto create771VVcreate a772DTa negligence773NNnegligence remedy774NNremedy that775WDTthat did776VVDdo n't777RBn't exist778VVexist before779RBbefore ,780,, that781WDTthat had782VHDhave nothing783NNnothing to784TOto do785VVdo with786INwith the787DTthe fitness788NNfitness of789INof the790DTthe ship791NNship .792SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]793LOC[MR. WAXMAN] I794PPI ...795:... I796PPI agree797VVPagree with798INwith that799DTthat articulation800NNarticulation that801IN/thatthat this802DTthis Court803NNcourt rendered804VVNrender in805INin the806DTthe Osceola807NPOsceola in808INin 1905809CD@card@ and810CCand as811RBas to812TOto which813WDTwhich the814DTthe Jones815NPJones Act816NPAct was817VBDbe addressed818VVNaddress .819SENT. There820EXthere are821VBPbe several822JJseveral points823NNSpoint .824SENT. Number825NNnumber one826CDone ,827,, following828VVGfollow the829DTthe enactment830NNenactment of831INof the832DTthe Jones833NPJones Act834NPAct ,835,, this836DTthis Court837NPCourt ,838,, in839INin a840DTa succession841NNsuccession of842INof cases843NNScase ,844,, at845INat least846JJSleast five847CDfive times848NNStime beginning849VVGbegin in850INin 1944851CD@card@ in852INin the853DTthe Mahnich854NPMahnich case855NNcase ,856,, expanded857VVNexpand and858CCand revised859VVNrevise the860DTthe contours861NNScontour of862INof the863DTthe unseaworthiness864NNunseaworthiness remedy865NNremedy so866RBso that867IN/thatthat it868PPit now869RBnow is870VBZbe ...871:... and872CCand ...873:... and874CCand ,875,, Justice876NPJustice Sotomayor877NPSotomayor ,878,, I879PPI will880MDwill get881VVget to882TOto you883PPyou on884INon the885DTthe incremental886JJincremental differences887NNSdifference between888INbetween the889DTthe two890CDtwo ...891:... so892RBso that893IN/thatthat it894PPit now895RBnow is896VBZbe recognized897VVNrecognize as898INas a899DTa virtual900JJvirtual substitute901NNsubstitute ,902,, as903INas Gilmore904NPGilmore and905CCand Black906NPBlack said907VVDsay several908JJseveral decades909NNSdecade ago910RBago ,911,, it912PPit is913VBZbe a914DTa ...915:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]916LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] It917PPit 's918VBZbe even919RBeven a920DTa little921JJlittle bit922NNbit better923RBRwell sometimes924RBsometimes ,925,, right926RBright ,927,, given928VVNgive it929PPit 's930VBZbe a931DTa strict932JJstrict liability933NNliability offense934NNoffense ,935,, is936VBZbe n't937RBn't it938PPit ?939SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]940LOC[MR. WAXMAN] So941INso it942PPit 's943VBZbe ...944:... it945PPit 's946VBZbe not947RBnot ...948:... it949PPit is950VBZbe frequently951RBfrequently said952VVNsay that953IN/thatthat it954PPit is955VBZbe a956DTa strict957JJstrict liability958NNliability defense959NNdefense ,960,, whereas961INwhereas the962DTthe Jones963NPJones Act964NPAct is965VBZbe a966DTa negligence967NNnegligence standard968NNstandard .969SENT. Both970CCboth of971INof those972DTthose terms973NNSterm are974VBPbe somewhat975RBsomewhat misleading976VVGmislead in977INin application978NNapplication .979SENT. Every980DTevery court981NNcourt that982WDTthat has983VHZhave considered984VVNconsider the985DTthe question986NNquestion and987CCand the988DTthe treatise989NNtreatise writers990NNSwriter say991VVPsay that992IN/thatthat negligence993NNnegligence under994INunder the995DTthe Jones996NPJones Act997NPAct is998VBZbe what999WPwhat 's1000VBZbe called1001VVNcall featherweight1002NNfeatherweight negligence1003NNnegligence .1004SENT. It1005PPit barely1006RBbarely meets1007VVZmeet any1008DTany standard1009NNstandard of1010INof negligence1011NNnegligence ,1012,, whereas1013INwhereas ,1014,, in1015INin Mahnich1016NPMahnich ,1017,, in1018INin which1019WDTwhich this1020DTthis Court1021NPCourt ...1022:... to1023TOto which1024WDTwhich this1025DTthis Court1026NPCourt has1027VHZhave said1028VVNsay imported1029VVNimport a1030DTa strict1031JJstrict liability1032NNliability standard1033NNstandard under1034INunder seaworthiness1035NNseaworthiness ,1036,, what1037WPwhat Mahnich1038NPMahnich said1039VVDsay was1040VBDbe we1041PPwe are1042VBPbe not1043RBnot going1044VVGgo to1045TOto recognize1046VVrecognize the1047DTthe fellow1048JJfellow servant1049NNservant rule1050NNrule because1051INbecause it1052PPit 's1053VBZbe not1054RBnot recognized1055VVNrecognize in1056INin the1057DTthe Jones1058NPJones Act1059NPAct .1060SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]1061LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] I1062PPI mean1063VVPmean ,1064,, maybe1065RBmaybe ...1066:... I1067PPI guess1068VVPguess one1069PPone of1070INof the1071DTthe points1072NNSpoint in1073INin your1074PP$your brief1075NNbrief that1076IN/thatthat confused1077VVNconfuse me1078PPme ,1079,, and1080CCand maybe1081RBmaybe you1082PPyou 're1083VBPbe kind1084JJkind of1085INof providing1086VVGprovide an1087DTan answer1088NNanswer to1089TOto it1090PPit ,1091,, but1092CCbut I1093PPI 'll1094MDwill just1095RBjust ...1096:... you1097PPyou say1098VVPsay several1099JJseveral times1100NNStime in1101INin your1102PP$your brief1103NNbrief that1104IN/thatthat the1105DTthe unseaworthiness1106NNunseaworthiness action1107NNaction really1108RBreally has1109VHZhave evolved1110VVNevolve ,1111,, changed1112VVNchange ,1113,, quite1114PDTquite a1115DTa bit1116NNbit since1117INsince the1118DTthe Jones1119NPJones Act1120NPAct .1121SENT. And1122CCand I1123PPI would1124MDwould think1125VVthink that1126IN/thatthat if1127INif you1128PPyou 're1129VBPbe right1130RBright as1131RBas to1132TOto your1133PP$your basic1134JJbasic theory1135NNtheory ,1136,, which1137WDTwhich is1138VBZbe that1139IN/thatthat the1140DTthe Jones1141NPJones Act1142NPAct is1143VBZbe a1144DTa signal1145NNsignal to1146TOto courts1147NNScourt to1148TOto stop1149VVstop doing1150VVGdo stuff1151NNstuff ...1152:... [MR. WAXMAN]1153LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Uh-huh1154NPUh-huh .1155SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]1156LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] ...1157:... because1158INbecause the1159DTthe Jones1160NPJones Act1161NPAct is1162VBZbe now1163RBnow taking1164VVGtake over1165INover the1166DTthe field1167NNfield ,1168,, essentially1169RBessentially ,1170,, if1171INif you1172PPyou 're1173VBPbe right1174RBright as1175RBas to1176TOto your1177PP$your basic1178JJbasic theory1179NNtheory ,1180,, how1181WRBhow is1182VBZbe it1183PPit possible1184JJpossible that1185IN/thatthat this1186DTthis action1187NNaction of1188INof unseaworthiness1189NNunseaworthiness could1190MDcould have1191VHhave changed1192VVNchange as1193RBas much1194RBmuch as1195INas you1196PPyou admit1197VVPadmit that1198IN/thatthat it1199PPit did1200VVDdo ?1201SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]1202LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Well1203UHWell ,1204,, the1205DTthe ...1206:... there1207EXthere are1208VBPbe some1209DTsome differences1210NNSdifference ,1211,, as1212INas Justice1213NPJustice Sotomayor1214NPSotomayor ...1215:... there1216EXthere were1217VBDbe reasons1218NNSreason why1219WRBwhy the1220DTthe court1221NNcourt ,1222,, when1223WRBwhen it1224PPit enacted1225VVDenact the1226DTthe Jones1227NPJones Act1228NPAct ,1229,, did1230VVDdo n't1231RBn't preempt1232VVpreempt other1233JJother federal1234JJfederal ...1235:... existing1236VVGexist federal1237JJfederal common1238JJcommon law1239NNlaw remedies1240NNSremedy .1241SENT. And1242CCand the1243DTthe situation1244NNsituation of1245INof preemption1246NNpreemption and1247CCand the1248DTthe effect1249NNeffect of1250INof a1251DTa statutory1252JJstatutory scheme1253NNscheme of1254INof remedies1255NNSremedy vis-a-vis1256INvis-a-vis preexisting1257VVGpreexist common1258JJcommon law1259NNlaw is1260VBZbe markedly1261RBmarkedly different1262JJdifferent when1263WRBwhen the1264DTthe common1265JJcommon law1266NNlaw is1267VBZbe federal1268JJfederal rather1269RBrather than1270INthan state1271NNstate .1272SENT. But1273CCbut ,1274,, for1275INfor example1276NNexample ,1277,, even1278RBeven to1279TOto this1280DTthis day1281NNday ,1282,, the1283DTthe defendant1284NNdefendant in1285INin a1286DTa Jones1287NPJones Act1288NPAct case1289NNcase and1290CCand the1291DTthe defendant1292NNdefendant in1293INin an1294DTan unseaworthiness1295NNunseaworthiness case1296NNcase may1297MDmay be1298VBbe different1299JJdifferent .1300SENT. The1301DTthe former1302JJformer is1303VBZbe the1304DTthe employer1305NNemployer .1306SENT. The1307DTthe latter1308NNlatter is1309VBZbe the1310DTthe shipowner1311NNshipowner .1312SENT. And1313CCand sometimes1314RBsometimes they1315PPthey 're1316VBPbe not1317RBnot the1318DTthe same1319JJsame .1320SENT. In1321INin Jones1322NPJones Act1323NPAct cases1324NNScase ,1325,, you1326PPyou have1327VHPhave an1328DTan absolute1329JJabsolute right1330NNright to1331TOto a1332DTa jury1333NNjury trial1334NNtrial .1335SENT. In1336INin unseaman-1337NNunseaman- ...1338:... unseaworthiness1339NNunseaworthiness cases1340NNScase ,1341,, you1342PPyou sometimes1343RBsometimes do1344VVPdo and1345CCand sometimes1346RBsometimes do1347VVPdo n't1348RBn't ,1349,, depending1350VVGdepend on1351INon whether1352INwhether there1353EXthere 's1354VBZbe diversity1355NNdiversity of1356INof citizenship1357NNcitizenship .1358SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]1359LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] So1360INso I1361PPI guess1362VVPguess my1363PP$my ...1364:... if1365INif I1366PPI ...1367:... [MR. WAXMAN]1368LOC[MR. WAXMAN] But1369CCbut if1370INif I1371PPI ...1372:... if1373INif I1374PPI can1375MDcan just1376RBjust ...1377:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]1378LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] ...1379:... I1380PPI guess1381VVPguess my1382PP$my question1383NNquestion is1384VBZbe ...1385:... [MR. WAXMAN]1386LOC[MR. WAXMAN] I1387PPI realize1388VVPrealize I1389PPI 'm1390VBPbe talking1391VVGtalk ...1392:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]1393LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] ...1394:... Mister1395NNmister ...1396:... Mr1397NPMr .1398SENT. Waxman1399NPWaxman ,1400,, is1401VBZbe when1402WRBwhen does1403VVZdo the1404DTthe Jones1405NPJones Act1406NPAct say1407VVPsay stop1408VVstop ,1409,, do1410VVPdo n't1411RBn't do1412VVdo stuff1413NNstuff to1414TOto ...1415:... to1416TOto courts1417NNScourt ,1418,, and1419CCand when1420WRBwhen does1421VVZdo it1422PPit allow1423VVallow courts1424NNScourt to1425TOto keep1426VVkeep thinking1427VVGthink about1428INabout revising1429VVGrevise ,1430,, developing1431VVGdevelop these1432DTthese common1433JJcommon law1434NNlaw actions1435NNSaction ?1436SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]1437LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Well1438UHwell ,1439,, I1440PPI think1441VVPthink this1442DTthis Court1443NPCourt came1444VVDcome pretty1445RBpretty close1446VVclose to1447TOto attempting1448VVGattempt to1449TOto articulate1450VVarticulate that1451DTthat line1452NNline in1453INin Miles1454NPMiles itself1455PPitself where1456WRBwhere it1457PPit says1458VVZsay ,1459,, and1460CCand I1461PPI 'm1462VBPbe quoting1463VVGquote from1464INfrom page1465NNpage 271466CD@card@ ,1467,, "1468''" In1469INin this1470DTthis era1471NNera ,1472,, an1473DTan admiralty1474NNadmiralty court1475NNcourt should1476MDshould look1477VVlook primarily1478RBprimarily to1479TOto these1480DTthese legislative1481JJlegislative enactments1482NNSenactment for1483INfor policy1484NNpolicy guidance1485NNguidance .1486SENT. We1487PPwe may1488MDmay supplement1489VVsupplement these1490DTthese statutory1491JJstatutory remedies1492NNSremedy where1493WRBwhere doing1494VVGdo so1495RBso would1496MDwould achieve1497VVachieve the1498DTthe uniform1499JJuniform vindication1500NNvindication of1501INof such1502JJsuch policies1503NNSpolicy ,1504,, consistent1505JJconsistent with1506INwith our1507PP$our constitutional1508JJconstitutional mandate1509NNmandate ,1510,, but1511CCbut we1512PPwe must1513MDmust also1514RBalso keep1515VVkeep strictly1516RBstrictly within1517INwithin the1518DTthe limits1519NNSlimit imposed1520VVNimpose by1521INby Congress1522NPCongress .1523SENT. "1524``" [JUSTICE KAGAN]1525LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] And1526CCand I1527PPI guess1528VVPguess what1529WPwhat I1530PPI 'm1531VBPbe asking1532VVGask is1533VBZbe ,1534,, how1535WRBhow is1536VBZbe that1537DTthat kind1538NNkind of1539INof flashing1540VVGflash yellow1541JJyellow light1542NNlight ,1543,, which1544WDTwhich I1545PPI agree1546VVPagree with1547INwith you1548PPyou ,1549,, that1550WDTthat sounds1551VVZsound like1552INlike a1553DTa flashing1554VVGflash yellow1555JJyellow light1556NNlight to1557TOto me1558PPme ,1559,, how1560WRBhow is1561VBZbe it1562PPit consistent1563JJconsistent with1564INwith all1565PDTall the1566DTthe changes1567NNSchange that1568WDTthat have1569VHPhave occurred1570VVNoccur in1571INin the1572DTthe unseaworthiness1573NNunseaworthiness action1574NNaction ?1575SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]1576LOC[MR. WAXMAN] And1577CCand what1578WPwhat you1579PPyou see1580VVPsee is1581VBZbe that1582IN/thatthat the1583DTthe effectuation1584NNeffectuation of1585INof those1586DTthose sentences1587NNSsentence I1588PPI just1589RBjust read1590VVPread in1591INin Miles1592NPMiles itself1593PPitself ,1594,, in1595INin light1596NNlight of1597INof the1598DTthe scope1599NNscope of1600INof the1601DTthe Jones1602NPJones Act1603NPAct ,1604,, Congress1605NPCongress not1606RBnot only1607RBonly eliminated1608VVNeliminate in1609INin Mahnich1610NPMahnich the1611DTthe ...1612:... for1613INfor ...1614:... for1615INfor unseaworthiness1616NNunseaworthiness the1617DTthe defense1618NNdefense of1619INof fellow1620JJfellow servant1621NNservant ,1622,, and1623CCand then1624RBthen eliminated1625VVNeliminate in1626INin light1627NNlight of1628INof the1629DTthe Jones1630NPJones Act1631NPAct the1632DTthe defense1633NNdefense of1634INof contributory1635JJcontributory negligence1636NNnegligence under1637INunder unseaworthiness1638NNunseaworthiness ,1639,, but1640CCbut ,1641,, in1642INin Miles1643NPMiles ,1644,, following1645VVGfollow Moragne1646NPMoragne ,1647,, the1648DTthe Court1649NPCourt said1650VVDsay ,1651,, well1652RBwell ,1653,, the1654DTthe Jones1655NPJones Act1656NPAct recognizes1657VVZrecognize a1658DTa wrongful1659JJwrongful death1660NNdeath remedy1661NNremedy for1662INfor claims1663NNSclaim under1664INunder the1665DTthe Jones1666NPJones Act1667NPAct .1668SENT. And1669CCand because1670INbecause the1671DTthe Jones1672NPJones Act1673NPAct and1674CCand unseaworthiness1675NNunseaworthiness are1676VBPbe just1677RBjust twin1678JJtwin causes1679NNScause of1680INof action1681NNaction for1682INfor the1683DTthe same1684JJsame injury1685NNinjury ,1686,, we1687PPwe will1688MDwill recognize1689VVrecognize the1690DTthe ...1691:... a1692DTa ...1693:... we1694PPwe will1695MDwill recognize1696VVrecognize recoveries1697NNSrecovery in1698INin wrongful1699JJwrongful death1700NNdeath ,1701,, in1702INin cases1703NNScase brought1704VVNbring of1705INof an1706DTan unseaworthiness1707NNunseaworthiness .1708SENT. Now1709RBnow ,1710,, importantly1711RBimportantly ,1712,, what1713WPwhat happened1714VVDhappen was1715VBDbe ,1716,, after1717INafter this1718DTthis Court1719NPCourt decided1720VVDdecide Moragne1721NPMoragne and1722CCand said1723VVDsay ,1724,, well1725RBwell ,1726,, the1727DTthe Jones1728NPJones Act1729NPAct allows1730VVZallow a1731DTa recovery1732NNrecovery for1733INfor wrongful1734JJwrongful death1735NNdeath and1736CCand unseaworthiness1737NNunseaworthiness ,1738,, so1739RBso we1740PPwe 're1741VBPbe going1742VVGgo to1743TOto ,1744,, too1745RBtoo ,1746,, the1747DTthe question1748NNquestion then1749RBthen came1750VVDcome before1751INbefore the1752DTthe Court1753NPCourt in1754INin Sea-Land1755NPSea-Land Services1756NPSServices versus1757CCversus Gaudet1758NPGaudet ,1759,, well1760RBwell ,1761,, what1762WPwhat does1763VVZdo that1764RBthat involve1765VVinvolve ?1766SENT? Like1767INlike ,1768,, what1769WPwhat are1770VBPbe the1771DTthe remedies1772NNSremedy that1773WDTthat you1774PPyou get1775VVPget for1776INfor wrongful1777JJwrongful death1778NNdeath ?1779SENT? And1780CCand what1781WPwhat this1782DTthis Court1783NPCourt held1784VVDhold was1785VBDbe that1786IN/thatthat the1787DTthe remedies1788NNSremedy you1789PPyou get1790VVPget for1791INfor wrongful1792JJwrongful death1793NNdeath include1794VVPinclude the1795DTthe loss1796NNloss of1797INof society1798NNsociety .1799SENT. The1800DTthe next1801JJnext case1802NNcase that1803WDTthat comes1804VVZcome along1805INalong is1806VBZbe Mobil1807NPMobil Oil1808NPOil versus1809CCversus Higginbotham1810NPHigginbotham ,1811,, raises1812VVZraise wrongful1813JJwrongful death1814NNdeath for1815INfor unseaworthiness1816NNunseaworthiness but1817CCbut for1818INfor a1819DTa wrongful1820JJwrongful death1821NNdeath that1822WDTthat occurred1823VVDoccur on1824INon the1825DTthe high1826JJhigh seas1827NNSsea .1828SENT. And1829CCand this1830DTthis time1831NNtime what1832WPwhat this1833DTthis Court1834NPCourt says1835VVZsay is1836VBZbe ,1837,, well1838RBwell ,1839,, the1840DTthe Death1841NNdeath on1842INon the1843DTthe High1844NPHigh Seas1845NNSsea Act1846NPAct does1847VVZdo n't1848RBn't ...1849:... only1850RBonly allows1851VVZallow for1852INfor recovery1853NNrecovery of1854INof pecuniary1855JJpecuniary damages1856NNSdamage .1857SENT. Loss1858NNloss of1859INof society1860NNsociety is1861VBZbe not1862RBnot pecuniary1863JJpecuniary damages1864NNSdamage .1865SENT. So1866RBso we1867PPwe need1868VVPneed to1869TOto constrict1870VVconstrict the1871DTthe federal1872JJfederal common1873JJcommon law1874NNlaw remedies1875NNSremedy that1876IN/thatthat we1877PPwe recognized1878VVDrecognize in1879INin Gaudet1880NPGaudet in1881INin cases1882NNScase that1883WDTthat occur1884VVPoccur on1885INon the1886DTthe high1887JJhigh seas1888NNSsea .1889SENT. And1890CCand then1891RBthen ,1892,, finally1893RBfinally ,1894,, in1895INin Miles1896NPMiles ,1897,, the1898DTthe Court1899NPCourt gets1900VVZget the1901DTthe same1902JJsame question1903NNquestion .1904SENT. Loss1905NNloss of1906INof society1907NNsociety for1908INfor ...1909:... you1910PPyou know1911VVPknow ,1912,, for1913INfor somebody1914NNsomebody who1915WPwho is1916VBZbe a1917DTa Jones1918NPJones Act1919NPAct seaman1920NNseaman .1921SENT. And1922CCand what1923WPwhat the1924DTthe Court1925NPCourt says1926VVZsay is1927VBZbe ,1928,, under1929INunder the1930DTthe Jones1931NPJones Act1932NPAct ,1933,, which1934WDTwhich is1935VBZbe the1936DTthe twin1937JJtwin cognate1938JJcognate cause1939NNcause of1940INof action1941NNaction for1942INfor loss1943NNloss resulting1944VVGresult from1945INfrom wrongfully-caused1946JJwrongfully-caused injury1947NNinjury ,1948,, we1949PPwe do1950VVPdo n't1951RBn't allow1952VVallow loss1953NNloss of1954INof society1955NNsociety damages1956NNSdamage .1957SENT. And1958CCand ,1959,, therefore1960RBtherefore ,1961,, again1962RBagain ,1963,, notwithstanding1964INnotwithstanding the1965DTthe broader1966JJRbroad ruling1967NNruling in1968INin Gaudet1969NPGaudet ,1970,, which1971WDTwhich took1972VVDtake place1973NNplace in1974INin a1975DTa ...1976:... in1977INin an1978DTan environment1979NNenvironment in1980INin which1981WDTwhich there1982EXthere was1983VBDbe no1984DTno congressional1985JJcongressional limitation1986NNlimitation ,1987,, once1988RBonce again1989RBagain ,1990,, we1991PPwe 're1992VBPbe recognizing1993VVGrecognize the1994DTthe limitation1995NNlimitation .1996SENT. Now1997RBnow I1998PPI do1999VVPdo want2000VVwant to2001TOto get2002VVget ...2003:... [JUSTICE GINSBURG]2004LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] I2005PPI thought2006VVDthink all2007PDTall those2008DTthose cases2009NNScase in2010INin the2011DTthe Miles2012NPMiles line2013NNline had2014VHDhave to2015TOto do2016VVdo with2017INwith wrongful2018JJwrongful death2019NNdeath actions2020NNSaction and2021CCand the2022DTthe whole2023JJwhole history2024NNhistory that2025IN/thatthat there2026EXthere was2027VBDbe no2028DTno ...2029:... before2030INbefore Death2031NNdeath on2032INon the2033DTthe High2034NPHigh Seas2035NNSsea Act2036NPAct ,2037,, there2038EXthere was2039VBDbe no2040DTno such2041JJsuch remedy2042NNremedy ?2043SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]2044LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Well2045UHWell ,2046,, the2047DTthe three2048CDthree cases2049NNScase that2050IN/thatthat I2051PPI identified2052VVDidentify just2053RBjust now2054RBnow ,2055,, Justice2056NPJustice Ginsburg2057NPGinsburg ,2058,, were2059VBDbe wrongful2060JJwrongful death2061NNdeath cases2062NNScase ,2063,, although2064INalthough Miles2065NPMiles itself2066PPitself also2067RBalso included2068VVDinclude a2069DTa claim2070NNclaim for2071INfor a2072DTa right2073NNright of2074INof survivorship2075NNsurvivorship ,2076,, which2077WDTwhich is2078VBZbe a2079DTa form2080NNform of2081INof injury2082NNinjury .2083SENT. And2084CCand ,2085,, once2086RBonce again2087RBagain ,2088,, the2089DTthe Court2090NPCourt said2091VVDsay the2092DTthe Jones2093NPJones Act2094NPAct sets2095VVZset the2096DTthe limits2097NNSlimit for2098INfor common2099JJcommon law2100NNlaw recoveries2101NNSrecovery for2102INfor injury2103NNinjury or2104CCor death2105NNdeath to2106TOto Jones2107NPJones Act2108NPAct seamen2109NNSseaman and2110CCand held2111VVNhold on2112INon the2113DTthe injury2114NNinjury side2115NNside of2116INof it2117PPit that2118IN/thatthat the2119DTthe representative2120NNrepresentative of2121INof the2122DTthe deceased2123NNdeceased ,2124,, pursuing2125VVGpursue a2126DTa personal2127JJpersonal injury2128NNinjury action2129NNaction on2130INon behalf2131NNbehalf of2132INof the2133DTthe deceased2134JJdeceased ,2135,, could2136MDcould not2137RBnot recover2138VVrecover future2139JJfuture lost2140VVNlose wages2141NNSwage because2142INbecause the2143DTthe Jones2144NPJones Act2145NPAct does2146VVZdo n't2147RBn't allow2148VVallow it2149PPit .2150SENT. Now2151RBnow ,2152,, in2153INin Mahnich2154NPMahnich ,2155,, it2156PPit was2157VBDbe not2158RBnot a2159DTa wrongful2160JJwrongful death2161NNdeath case2162NNcase .2163SENT. And2164CCand the2165DTthe ...2166:... the2167DTthe other2168JJother cases2169NNScase which2170WDTwhich are2171VBPbe cited2172VVNcite in2173INin ,2174,, I2175PPI believe2176VVPbelieve it2177PPit 's2178VBZbe Footnote2179NNfootnote 52180CD5 of2181INof your2182PP$your opinion2183NNopinion in2184INin Usner2185NPUsner ,2186,, which2187WDTwhich relate2188VVPrelate all2189PDTall the2190DTthe respects2191NNSrespect in2192INin which2193WDTwhich ,2194,, in2195INin light2196NNlight of2197INof the2198DTthe Jones2199NPJones Act2200NPAct ,2201,, this2202DTthis Court2203NPCourt changed2204VVDchange ,2205,, modified2206VVNmodify both2207CCboth the2208DTthe contours2209NNScontour of2210INof what2211WPwhat unseaworthiness2212NNunseaworthiness constitutes2213VVZconstitute and2214CCand the2215DTthe remedies2216NNSremedy available2217JJavailable .2218SENT. Now2219RBnow I2220PPI do2221VVPdo want2222VVwant to2223TOto get2224VVget to2225TOto ,2226,, I2227PPI think2228VVPthink it2229PPit was2230VBDbe Justice2231JJJustice ...2232:... I2233PPI can2234MDcan 't2235RB't remember2236VVremember whose2237WP$whose question2238NNquestion it2239PPit was2240VBDbe about2241RBabout ...2242:... about2243INabout Townsend2244NPTownsend and2245CCand the2246DTthe other2247JJother distinction2248NNdistinction of2249INof Townsend2250NPTownsend because2251INbecause ,2252,, even2253RBeven if2254INif Miles2255NPMiles did2256VVDdo n't2257RBn't exist2258VVexist ,2259,, and2260CCand even2261RBeven if2262INif Miles2263NPMiles did2264VVDdo n't2265RBn't import2266VVimport into2267INinto this2268DTthis case2269NNcase the2270DTthe constitutional2271JJconstitutional commands2272NNScommand of2273INof separation2274NNseparation of2275INof power2276NNpower and2277CCand uniformity2278NNuniformity in2279INin maritime2280JJmaritime law2281NNlaw ,2282,, in2283INin Townsend2284NPTownsend ,2285,, what2286WPwhat this2287DTthis Court2288NPCourt said2289VVDsay was2290VBDbe ,2291,, look2292VVlook ,2293,, maintenance2294NNmaintenance as2295INas a2296DTa cure2297NNcure is2298VBZbe an2299DTan ancient2300JJancient remedy2301NNremedy that2302WDTthat goes2303VVZgo back2304RBback at2305INat least2306JJSleast until2307INuntil the2308DTthe 13th2309JJ13th Century2310NNcentury ,2311,, if2312INif not2313RBnot before2314RBbefore .2315SENT. It2316PPit is2317VBZbe a2318DTa ...2319:... it2320PPit reflects2321VVZreflect a2322DTa fundamental2323JJfundamental humanitarian2324JJhumanitarian imperative2325NNimperative to2326TOto provide2327VVprovide sustenance2328NNsustenance and2329CCand care2330NNcare for2331INfor seamen2332NNSseaman who2333WPwho fall2334VVPfall ill2335RBill during2336INduring the2337DTthe voyage2338NNvoyage .2339SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]2340LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Is2341VBZbe it2342PPit ...2343:... [MR. WAXMAN]2344LOC[MR. WAXMAN] And2345CCand ...2346:... and2347CCand this2348DTthis Court2349NPCourt said2350VVDsay ,2351,, at2352INat common2353JJcommon law2354NNlaw ,2355,, in2356INin particularly2357RBparticularly egregious2358JJegregious cases2359NNScase ,2360,, punitive2361JJpunitive damages2362NNSdamage were2363VBDbe available2364JJavailable .2365SENT. In2366INin certain2367JJcertain maritime2368JJmaritime actions2369NNSaction which2370WDTwhich the2371DTthe Court2372NPCourt identified2373VVDidentify ,2374,, punitive2375JJpunitive damages2376NNSdamage ,2377,, if2378INif not2379RBnot awarded2380VVNaward ,2381,, there2382EXthere is2383VBZbe at2384INat least2385JJSleast language2386NNlanguage suggesting2387VVGsuggest that2388IN/thatthat they2389PPthey could2390MDcould be2391VBbe awarded2392VVNaward against2393INagainst the2394DTthe malfeasor2395NNmalfeasor .2396SENT. And2397CCand we2398PPwe ...2399:... if2400INif we2401PPwe look2402VVPlook at2403INat maintenance2404NNmaintenance and2405CCand cure2406NNcure ,2407,, we2408PPwe do2409VVPdo n't2410RBn't see2411VVsee any2412DTany reason2413NNreason to2414TOto create2415VVcreate an2416DTan exception2417NNexception because2418INbecause ,2419,, as2420INas the2421DTthe Court2422NPCourt explained2423VVDexplain in2424RPin ...2425:... in2426INin Section2427NPSection 22428CD2 ...2429:... 22430CD2 (2431(( c2432LSc )2433)) of2434INof its2435PP$its opinion2436NNopinion ,2437,, over2438INover pages2439NNSpage ,2440,, let2441VVlet 's2442VBZbe go2443VVgo back2444RBback and2445CCand look2446VVlook .2447SENT. There2448EXthere were2449VBDbe treatise2450NNtreatise writers2451NNSwriter ,2452,, I2453PPI believe2454VVPbelieve three2455CDthree different2456JJdifferent treatises2457NNStreatise that2458WDTthat recognized2459VVDrecognize that2460IN/thatthat punitive2461JJpunitive damages2462NNSdamage were2463VBDbe available2464JJavailable for2465INfor egregious2466JJegregious refusals2467NNSrefusal to2468TOto provide2469VVprovide maintenance2470NNmaintenance and2471CCand cure2472NNcure .2473SENT. There2474EXthere were2475VBDbe decided2476VVNdecide cases2477NNScase ,2478,, the2479DTthe Troop2480NPTroop and2481CCand the2482DTthe Carlisle2483NPCarlisle .2484SENT. At2485INat the2486DTthe same2487JJsame time2488NNtime ,2489,, there2490EXthere is2491VBZbe nothing2492NNnothing ,2493,, no2494DTno evidence2495NNevidence whatsoever2496RBwhatsoever that2497IN/thatthat punitive2498JJpunitive damages2499NNSdamage were2500VBDbe ever2501RBever even2502RBeven sought2503VVNseek ,2504,, much2505RBmuch less2506RBRless awarded2507VVNaward ,2508,, and2509CCand we2510PPwe know2511VVPknow why2512WRBwhy .2513SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2514LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Any2515DTany ...2516:... any2517DTany counterevidence2518NNcounterevidence ?2519SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]2520LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Excuse2521NNexcuse me2522PPme ?2523SENT? [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2524LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Any2525DTany counterevidence2526NNcounterevidence ?2527SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]2528LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Well2529UHWell ,2530,, here's2531NPhere's ...2532:... here2533RBhere 's2534VBZbe the2535DTthe counterevidence2536NNcounterevidence ,2537,, and2538CCand it2539PPit 's2540VBZbe ...2541:... it2542PPit 's2543VBZbe ...2544:... it2545PPit 's2546VBZbe revealing2547VVGreveal .2548SENT. It2549PPit 's2550VBZbe reflected2551VVNreflect in2552INin ...2553:... in2554INin one2555CDone of2556INof the2557DTthe principal2558JJprincipal cases2559NNScase that2560IN/thatthat my2561PP$my friend2562NNfriend is2563VBZbe relying2564VVGrely on2565INon as2566INas an2567DTan example2568NNexample of2569INof punitive2570JJpunitive damages2571NNSdamage in2572INin unseaworthiness2573NNunseaworthiness cases2574NNScase .2575SENT. It2576PPit 's2577VBZbe a2578DTa case2579NNcase called2580VVDcall the2581DTthe Noddleburn2582NPNoddleburn .2583SENT. It2584PPit 's2585VBZbe also2586RBalso ,2587,, I2588PPI believe2589VVPbelieve ...2590:... yeah2591RByeah .2592SENT. The2593DTthe Noddleburn2594NPNoddleburn was2595VBDbe a2596DTa case2597NNcase in2598INin which2599WDTwhich it2600PPit was2601VBDbe brought2602VVNbring for2603INfor unseaworthiness2604NNunseaworthiness and2605CCand for2606INfor maintenance2607NNmaintenance and2608CCand cure2609NNcure .2610SENT. The2611DTthe court2612NNcourt held2613VVNhold with2614INwith respect2615NNrespect to2616TOto unseaworthiness2617NNunseaworthiness that2618IN/thatthat "2619``" there2620EXthere was2621VBDbe actual2622JJactual knowledge2623NNknowledge of2624INof the2625DTthe unsound2626JJunsound and2627CCand unseaworthy2628JJunseaworthy condition2629NNcondition of2630INof the2631DTthe vessel2632NNvessel ,2633,, coupled2634VVNcouple not2635RBnot only2636RBonly with2637INwith willful2638JJwillful negligence2639NNnegligence but2640CCbut wanton2641JJwanton indifference2642NNindifference .2643SENT. "2644''" And2645CCand yet2646RByet ,2647,, in2648INin the2649DTthe Noddleburn2650NPNoddleburn ,2651,, the2652DTthe court2653NNcourt considered2654VVNconsider and2655CCand discussed2656VVNdiscuss the2657DTthe possibility2658NNpossibility of2659INof awarding2660VVGaward punitive2661JJpunitive damages2662NNSdamage for2663INfor the2664DTthe failure2665NNfailure to2666TOto provide2667VVprovide maintenance2668NNmaintenance and2669CCand cure2670NNcure but2671CCbut not2672RBnot for2673INfor unseaworthiness2674NNunseaworthiness .2675SENT. Now2676RBnow I2677PPI can2678MDcan 't2679RB't cite2680VVPcite you2681PPyou a2682DTa case2683NNcase either2684CCeither before2685INbefore the2686DTthe Jones2687NPJones Act2688NPAct was2689VBDbe passed2690VVNpass or2691CCor after2692INafter ,2693,, for2694INfor decades2695NNSdecade and2696CCand decades2697NNSdecade after2698INafter ,2699,, in2700INin which2701WDTwhich a2702DTa court2703NNcourt said2704VVDsay we2705PPwe 've2706VHPhave been2707VBNbe asked2708VVNask to2709TOto apply2710VVapply punitive2711JJpunitive damages2712NNSdamage because2713INbecause the2714DTthe ...2715:... the2716DTthe conduct2717NNconduct that2718WDTthat constituted2719VVDconstitute unseaworthiness2720NNunseaworthiness was2721VBDbe egregious2722JJegregious .2723SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]2724LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] I2725PPI 'd2726MDwould like2727VVlike ...2728:... [MR. WAXMAN]2729LOC[MR. WAXMAN] I2730PPI can2731MDcan 't2732RB't find2733VVfind a2734DTa case2735NNcase in2736INin which2737WDTwhich punitive2738JJpunitive damages2739NNSdamage were2740VBDbe even2741RBeven requested2742VVNrequest .2743SENT. And2744CCand if2745INif you2746PPyou look2747VVPlook at2748INat ...2749:... and2750CCand this2751DTthis ...2752:... this2753DTthis Court2754NPCourt certainly2755RBcertainly has2756VHZhave a2757DTa rich2758JJrich body2759NNbody of2760INof unseaworthiness2761NNunseaworthiness decisions2762NNSdecision between2763INbetween the2764DTthe 1880s2765NP1880s and2766CCand the2767DTthe ...2768:... and2769CCand the2770DTthe present2771JJpresent time2772NNtime ,2773,, there2774EXthere are2775VBPbe ...2776:... there2777EXthere is2778VBZbe case2779NNcase after2780INafter case2781NNcase of2782INof what2783WPwhat is2784VBZbe reported2785VVNreport as2786INas shocking2787JJshocking ,2788,, egregious2789JJegregious conduct2790NNconduct in2791INin which2792WDTwhich there2793EXthere is2794VBZbe no2795DTno reflection2796NNreflection in2797INin the2798DTthe briefs2799NNSbrief or2800CCor in2801INin any2802DTany of2803INof the2804DTthe opinions2805NNSopinion that2806IN/thatthat punitive2807JJpunitive damages2808NNSdamage was2809VBDbe even2810RBeven sought2811VVNseek .2812SENT. And2813CCand a2814DTa reason2815NNreason may2816MDmay be2817VBbe ...2818:... and2819CCand this2820DTthis is2821VBZbe the2822DTthe other2823JJother Townsend-related2824JJTownsend-related reason2825NNreason I2826PPI want2827VVPwant to2828TOto address2829VVaddress ...2830:... prior2831RBprior to2832TOto ...2833:... we2834PPwe have2835VHPhave a2836DTa ...2837:... somewhat2838RBsomewhat of2839INof a2840DTa disagreement2841NNdisagreement between2842INbetween us2843PPus as2844RBas to2845TOto the2846DTthe exact2847JJexact date2848NNdate at2849INat the2850DTthe very2851JJvery end2852NNend of2853INof the2854DTthe 19th2855JJ19th Century2856NNcentury in2857INin which2858WDTwhich any2859DTany court2860NNcourt first2861RBfirst recognized2862VVDrecognize that2863IN/thatthat compensatory2864JJcompensatory damages2865NNSdamage could2866MDcould be2867VBbe paid2868VVNpay to2869TOto an2870DTan injured2871JJinjured seaman2872NNseaman for2873INfor failure2874NNfailure of2875INof seaworthiness2876NNseaworthiness ,2877,, but2878CCbut at2879INat least2880JJSleast until2881INuntil the2882DTthe middle2883JJmiddle 1880s2884NN1880s ,2885,, at2886INat a2887DTa time2888NNtime when2889WRBwhen the2890DTthe treatises2891NNStreatise and2892CCand the2893DTthe cases2894NNScase were2895VBDbe saying2896VVGsay you2897PPyou can2898MDcan get2899VVget punitive2900JJpunitive damages2901NNSdamage for2902INfor a2903DTa willful2904JJwillful refusal2905NNrefusal to2906TOto provide2907VVprovide medical2908JJmedical care2909NNcare to2910TOto an2911DTan ill2912JJill seaman2913NNseaman ,2914,, you2915PPyou could2916MDcould n't2917RBn't even2918RBeven get2919VVget under2920INunder ...2921:... unseaworthiness2922NNunseaworthiness compensatory2923JJcompensatory damages2924NNSdamage .2925SENT. The2926DTthe remedy2927NNremedy for2928INfor unseaworthiness2929NNunseaworthiness to2930TOto a2931DTa seaman2932NNseaman was2933VBDbe the2934DTthe privilege2935NNprivilege to2936TOto refuse2937VVrefuse to2938TOto embark2939VVembark on2940INon a2941DTa vessel2942NNvessel that2943WDTthat was2944VBDbe unseaworthy2945JJunseaworthy and2946CCand yet2947RByet to2948TOto claim2949VVclaim your2950PP$your wages2951NNSwage .2952SENT. And2953CCand that2954DTthat 's2955VBZbe the2956DTthe reason2957NNreason .2958SENT. That2959DTthat 's2960VBZbe the2961DTthe major2962JJmajor distinction2963NNdistinction ,2964,, if2965INif we2966PPwe 're2967VBPbe talking2968VVGtalk just2969RBjust on2970INon Townsend2971NPTownsend terms2972NNSterm ,2973,, that2974DTthat unseaworthiness2975NNunseaworthiness is2976VBZbe so2977RBso different2978JJdifferent than2979INthan maintenance2980NNmaintenance and2981CCand cure2982NNcure .2983SENT. On2984INon the2985DTthe one2986CDone hand2987NNhand ,2988,, you2989PPyou 've2990VHPhave got2991VVNget treatises2992NNStreatise that2993WDTthat say2994VVPsay you2995PPyou can2996MDcan get2997VVget punitive2998JJpunitive damages2999NNSdamage .3000SENT. It3001PPit 's3002VBZbe a3003DTa given3004VVNgive .3005SENT. You3006PPyou 've3007VHPhave got3008VVNget cases3009NNScase that3010WDTthat are3011VBPbe either3012RBeither awarding3013VVGaward or3014CCor considering3015VVGconsider punitive3016JJpunitive damages3017NNSdamage for3018INfor the3019DTthe failure3020NNfailure to3021TOto provide3022VVprovide maintenance3023NNmaintenance and3024CCand cure3025NNcure ,3026,, like3027INlike the3028DTthe Noddleburn3029NPNoddleburn .3030SENT. And3031CCand at3032INat the3033DTthe other3034JJother hand3035NNhand ,3036,, from3037INfrom the3038DTthe other3039JJother side3040NNside ,3041,, for3042INfor all3043PDTall these3044DTthese centuries3045NNScentury ,3046,, at3047INat least3048JJSleast up3049RBup until3050INuntil a3051DTa couple3052NNcouple of3053INof cases3054NNScase decided3055VVNdecide at3056INat the3057DTthe end3058NNend of3059INof the3060DTthe 19th3061JJ19th Century3062NNcentury ,3063,, for3064INfor unseaworthiness3065NNunseaworthiness ,3066,, no3067DTno matter3068NNmatter how3069WRBhow egregious3070JJegregious ,3071,, there3072EXthere was3073VBDbe no3074DTno right3075NNright of3076INof personal3077JJpersonal compensation3078NNcompensation for3079INfor ...3080:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]3081LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] And3082CCand were3083VBDbe there3084RBthere cases3085NNScase where3086WRBwhere it3087PPit was3088VBDbe quite3089RBquite egregious3090JJegregious ?3091SENT? Because3092INbecause I3093PPI was3094VBDbe thinking3095VVGthink about3096INabout this3097DTthis and3098CCand thinking3099VVGthink maybe3100RBmaybe it3101PPit just3102RBjust would3103MDwould n't3104RBn't come3105VVcome up3106RPup because3107INbecause an3108DTan unseaworthiness3109NNunseaworthiness action3110NNaction is3111VBZbe basically3112RBbasically you3113PPyou 've3114VHPhave taken3115VVNtake deliberate3116JJdeliberate action3117NNaction to3118TOto ensure3119VVensure that3120IN/thatthat your3121PP$your own3122JJown ship3123NNship sinks3124NNSsink .3125SENT. So3126INso most3127JJSmost people3128NNSpeople do3129VVPdo n't3130RBn't want3131VVwant the3132DTthe ship3133NNship that3134IN/thatthat they3135PPthey own3136VVPown to3137TOto sink3138VVsink ,3139,, right3140RBright ?3141SENT? So3142RBso ,3143,, you3144PPyou know3145VVPknow ,3146,, it3147PPit might3148MDmight just3149RBjust be3150VBbe that3151IN/thatthat when3152WRBwhen people3153NNSpeople bring3154VVPbring this3155DTthis kind3156NNkind of3157INof action3158NNaction ,3159,, they3160PPthey 're3161VBPbe not3162RBnot bringing3163VVGbring it3164PPit on3165INon the3166DTthe basis3167NNbasis of3168INof the3169DTthe kind3170NNkind of3171INof behavior3172NNbehavior that3173WDTthat would3174MDwould justify3175VVjustify a3176DTa punitive3177JJpunitive damages3178NNSdamage award3179NNaward .3180SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]3181LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Justice3182NPJustice Kagan3183NPKagan ,3184,, I3185PPI have3186VHPhave read3187VVNread you3188PPyou the3189DTthe Court3190NPCourt 's3191POS's opinion3192NNopinion in3193INin the3194DTthe Noddleburn3195NPNoddleburn ,3196,, which3197WDTwhich finds3198VVZfind that3199IN/thatthat the3200DTthe shipowners3201NNSshipowner not3202RBnot only3203RBonly knew3204VVDknow of3205INof the3206DTthe unseaworthy3207JJunseaworthy condition3208NNcondition ,3209,, but3210CCbut they3211PPthey were3212VBDbe ...3213:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]3214LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Well3215UHwell ,3216,, I3217PPI do3218VVPdo think3219VVthink that3220IN/thatthat my3221PP$my ...3222:... [MR. WAXMAN]3223LOC[MR. WAXMAN] And3224CCand ...3225:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]3226LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] ...3227:... my3228PP$my question3229NNquestion is3230VBZbe not3231RBnot answerable3232JJanswerable by3233INby pointing3234VVGpoint to3235TOto a3236DTa single3237JJsingle case3238NNcase .3239SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]3240LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Okay3241NPOkay .3242SENT. So3243INso I3244PPI ...3245:... can3246MDcan I3247PPI ...3248:... can3249MDcan I3250PPI give3251VVgive you3252PPyou just3253RBjust a3254DTa couple3255NNcouple of3256INof other3257JJother examples3258NNSexample in3259INin support3260NNsupport of3261INof my3262PP$my assertion3263NNassertion that3264IN/thatthat there3265EXthere are3266VBPbe many3267JJmany ,3268,, many3269JJmany cases3270NNScase that3271IN/thatthat the3272DTthe federal3273JJfederal courts3274NNScourt and3275CCand this3276DTthis Court3277NPCourt have3278VHPhave looked3279VVNlook at3280INat in3281INin which3282WDTwhich the3283DTthe allegation3284NNallegation ...3285:... which3286WDTwhich the3287DTthe findings3288NNSfinding of3289INof seaworthiness3290NNseaworthiness indicated3291VVDindicate egregious3292JJegregious conduct3293NNconduct .3294SENT. The3295DTthe first3296JJfirst one3297CDone is3298VBZbe the3299DTthe ...3300:... the3301DTthe now3302RBnow ,3303,, I3304PPI guess3305VVPguess ,3306,, for3307INfor purposes3308NNSpurpose of3309INof this3310DTthis case3311NNcase ,3312,, The3313DTthe Rolph3314NPRolph ,3315,, about3316INabout which3317WDTwhich much3318JJmuch ink3319NNink is3320VBZbe spilled3321VVNspill in3322INin the3323DTthe briefs3324NNSbrief about3325RBabout whether3326INwhether it3327PPit did3328VVDdo or3329CCor did3330VVDdo n't3331RBn't involve3332VVinvolve punitive3333JJpunitive damages3334NNSdamage for3335INfor the3336DTthe ...3337:... as3338RBas ...3339:... as3340RBas explained3341VVNexplain in3342INin the3343DTthe documents3344NNSdocument that3345IN/thatthat we3346PPwe 've3347VHPhave sought3348VVNseek permission3349NNpermission to3350TOto lodge3351VVlodge ,3352,, there3353EXthere is3354VBZbe no3355DTno question3356NNquestion that3357IN/thatthat the3358DTthe damages3359NNSdamage awarded3360VVNaward in3361INin that3362DTthat case3363NNcase and3364CCand sought3365VVDseek were3366VBDbe compensatory3367JJcompensatory .3368SENT. But3369CCbut the3370DTthe ...3371:... the3372DTthe ...3373:... the3374DTthe opinion3375NNopinion of3376INof both3377CCboth the3378DTthe court3379NNcourt of3380INof appeals3381NNSappeal and3382CCand the3383DTthe district3384NNdistrict court3385NNcourt in3386INin that3387DTthat case3388NNcase demonstrate3389VVdemonstrate an3390DTan ...3391:... and3392CCand found3393VVDfind an3394DTan extreme3395JJextreme case3396NNcase of3397INof unseaworthiness3398NNunseaworthiness on3399INon the3400DTthe part3401NNpart of3402INof the3403DTthe shipowner3404NNshipowner in3405INin ...3406:... [JUSTICE ALITO]3407LOC[JUSTICE ALITO] But3408CCbut the3409DTthe owner3410NNowner ...3411:... the3412DTthe owner3413NNowner of3414INof the3415DTthe ship3416NNship is3417VBZbe not3418RBnot mostly3419RBmostly ...3420:... generally3421RBgenerally is3422VBZbe n't3423RBn't going3424VVGgo to3425TOto be3426VBbe on3427INon the3428DTthe ship3429NNship .3430SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]3431LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Right3432NPRight .3433SENT. [JUSTICE ALITO]3434LOC[JUSTICE ALITO] So3435RBso ,3436,, if3437INif it3438PPit sinks3439VVZsink ,3440,, the3441DTthe owner3442NNowner is3443VBZbe probably3444RBprobably not3445RBnot going3446VVGgo to3447TOto be3448VBbe one3449CDone of3450INof the3451DTthe ones3452NNSone that3453WDTthat drowns3454VVZdrown .3455SENT. So3456RBso ,3457,, if3458INif the3459DTthe owner3460NNowner does3461VVZdo a3462DTa cost3463NNcost /3464SYM/ benefit3465NNbenefit analysis3466NNanalysis of3467INof the3468DTthe ...3469:... the3470DTthe cost3471NNcost of3472INof getting3473VVGget a3474DTa better3475JJRgood ship3476NNship or3477CCor repairing3478VVGrepair the3479DTthe ship3480NNship versus3481INversus the3482DTthe amount3483NNamount of3484INof money3485NNmoney that3486WDTthat could3487MDcould be3488VBbe obtained3489VVNobtain from3490INfrom ...3491:... from3492INfrom going3493VVGgo ahead3494RBahead with3495INwith a3496DTa voyage3497NNvoyage using3498VVGuse that3499DTthat ship3500NNship ,3501,, is3502VBZbe that3503IN/thatthat always3504RBalways going3505VVGgo to3506TOto come3507VVcome out3508RPout in3509INin favor3510NNfavor of3511INof safety3512NNsafety ?3513SENT? Is3514VBZbe it3515PPit generally3516RBgenerally going3517VVGgo to3518TOto ...3519:... did3520VVDdo it3521PPit ...3522:... did3523VVDdo it3524PPit always3525RBalways ...3526:... did3527VVDdo it3528PPit generally3529RBgenerally come3530VVPcome out3531RPout in3532INin favor3533NNfavor of3534INof safety3535NNsafety in3536INin the3537DTthe ...3538:... in3539INin the3540DTthe 19th3541JJ19th Century3542NNcentury ?3543SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]3544LOC[MR. WAXMAN] So3545INso I3546PPI would3547MDwould suggest3548VVsuggest ...3549:... I3550PPI mean3551VVPmean ,3552,, I3553PPI did3554VVDdo n't3555RBn't live3556VVlive in3557INin the3558DTthe 19th3559JJ19th Century3560NNcentury and3561CCand although3562INalthough I3563PPI feel3564VVPfeel like3565INlike at3566INat this3567DTthis point3568NNpoint I3569PPI 've3570VHPhave read3571VVNread most3572JJSmost of3573INof the3574DTthe cases3575NNScase decided3576VVDdecide in3577INin the3578DTthe 19th3579JJ19th Century3580NNcentury ,3581,, I3582PPI have3583VHPhave n't3584RBn't seen3585VVNsee policy3586NNpolicy discussions3587NNSdiscussion on3588INon this3589DTthis point3590NNpoint .3591SENT. But3592CCbut I3593PPI will3594MDwill say3595VVsay that3596IN/thatthat when3597WRBwhen Congress3598NPCongress enacted3599VVDenact the3600DTthe Jones3601NPJones Act3602NPAct ,3603,, and3604CCand for3605INfor that3606DTthat matter3607NNmatter ,3608,, when3609WRBwhen Congress3610NPCongress enacted3611VVNenact FELA3612NPFela ...3613:... I3614PPI mean3615VVPmean ,3616,, the3617DTthe owners3618NNSowner ,3619,, the3620DTthe corporations3621NNScorporation that3622IN/thatthat own3623JJown railroads3624NNSrailroad were3625VBDbe n't3626RBn't riding3627VVGride on3628INon the3629DTthe railroads3630NNSrailroad themselves3631PPthemselves ...3632:... Congress3633NPCongress made3634VVDmake a3635DTa ...3636:... an3637DTan obvious3638JJobvious policy3639NNpolicy judgment3640NNjudgment to3641TOto create3642VVcreate ...3643:... to3644TOto not3645RBnot go3646VVgo all3647PDTall the3648DTthe way3649NNway to3650TOto a3651DTa workmen3652NNSworkman 's3653POS's compensation3654NNcompensation statute3655NNstatute where3656WRBwhere ,3657,, if3658INif you3659PPyou 're3660VBPbe injured3661VVNinjure ,3662,, you3663PPyou just3664RBjust file3665VVfile a3666DTa claim3667NNclaim in3668INin front3669NNfront of3670INof a3671DTa state3672NNstate administrative3673JJadministrative agency3674NNagency and3675CCand you3676PPyou get3677VVPget the3678DTthe following3679VVGfollow kinds3680NNSkind of3681INof recovery3682NNrecovery but3683CCbut not3684RBnot many3685JJmany others3686NNSother ,3687,, but3688CCbut that3689DTthat is3690VBZbe the3691DTthe spirit3692NNspirit of3693INof what3694WPwhat FELA3695NPFela and3696CCand the3697DTthe Jones3698NPJones Act3699NPAct did3700VVDdo ,3701,, which3702WDTwhich is3703VBZbe to3704TOto provide3705VVprovide a3706DTa much3707RBmuch broader3708JJRbroad ,3709,, much3710RBmuch more3711RBRmore certain3712JJcertain remedy3713NNremedy ,3714,, sweeping3715VVGsweep away3716RPaway the3717DTthe defenses3718NNSdefense of3719INof assumption3720NNassumption of3721INof risk3722NNrisk and3723CCand contributory3724JJcontributory negligence3725NNnegligence and3726CCand the3727DTthe fellow3728JJfellow servant3729NNservant rule3730NNrule ,3731,, in3732INin exchange3733NNexchange for3734INfor a3735DTa ...3736:... a3737DTa judgment3738NNjudgment that3739IN/thatthat ,3740,, in3741INin dealing3742VVGdeal with3743INwith the3744DTthe policies3745NNSpolicy and3746CCand the3747DTthe thinking3748NNthinking of3749INof what3750WPwhat went3751VVDgo on3752INon in3753INin people3754NNSpeople who3755WPwho ran3756VVDrun railroads3757NNSrailroad and3758CCand ran3759VVDrun steamship3760NNsteamship companies3761NNScompany and3762CCand people3763NNSpeople who3764WPwho worked3765VVDwork there3766RBthere ,3767,, Congress3768NPCongress 's3769POS's choice3770NNchoice was3771VBDbe to3772TOto say3773VVsay very3774RBvery easy3775JJeasy streamlined3776JJstreamlined recovery3777NNrecovery for3778INfor compensatory3779JJcompensatory damages3780NNSdamage ,3781,, no3782DTno recovery3783NNrecovery for3784INfor punitive3785JJpunitive damages3786NNSdamage .3787SENT. And3788CCand ...3789:... [JUSTICE GINSBURG]3790LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] Is3791VBZbe pain3792NNpain and3793CCand suffering3794VVGsuffer compensatory3795JJcompensatory damages3796NNSdamage ?3797SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]3798LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Yes3799NPYes ,3800,, pain3801NNpain and3802CCand suffering3803NNsuffering is3804VBZbe compensatory3805JJcompensatory .3806SENT. And3807CCand ,3808,, you3809PPyou know3810VVPknow ,3811,, for3812INfor ...3813:... [JUSTICE GINSBURG]3814LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] It3815PPit 's3816VBZbe not3817RBnot pecuniary3818JJpecuniary ?3819SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]3820LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Excuse3821NNexcuse me3822PPme ?3823SENT? [JUSTICE GINSBURG]3824LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] It3825PPit 's3826VBZbe not3827RBnot ...3828:... then3829RBthen it3830PPit 's3831VBZbe not3832RBnot pecuniary3833JJpecuniary ?3834SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]3835LOC[MR. WAXMAN] It3836PPit 's3837VBZbe not3838RBnot pecuniary3839JJpecuniary .3840SENT. And3841CCand so3842RBso ,3843,, for3844INfor example3845NNexample ,3846,, in3847INin cases3848NNScase like3849INlike Miles3850NPMiles ,3851,, in3852INin a3853DTa suit3854NNsuit brought3855VVNbring for3856INfor ...3857:... in3858INin a3859DTa ...3860:... in3861INin a3862DTa claim3863NNclaim of3864INof wrongful3865JJwrongful death3866NNdeath for3867INfor unseaworthiness3868NNunseaworthiness ,3869,, there3870EXthere 's3871VBZbe no3872DTno pain3873NNpain and3874CCand suffering3875NNsuffering recovery3876NNrecovery .3877SENT. But3878CCbut ,3879,, in3880INin a3881DTa claim3882NNclaim for3883INfor injury3884NNinjury that3885WDTthat is3886VBZbe maintained3887VVNmaintain by3888INby ...3889:... in3890INin a3891DTa survivorship3892NNsurvivorship action3893NNaction ,3894,, pain3895NNpain and3896CCand suffering3897NNsuffering is3898VBZbe recoverable3899JJrecoverable .3900SENT. And3901CCand ,3902,, you3903PPyou know3904VVPknow ,3905,, one3906CDone of3907INof the3908DTthe many3909JJmany anomalies3910NNSanomaly that3911WDTthat would3912MDwould occur3913VVoccur if3914INif this3915DTthis Court3916NPCourt were3917VBDbe to3918TOto affirm3919VVaffirm the3920DTthe court3921NNcourt below3922INbelow and3923CCand find3924VVfind that3925IN/thatthat ,3926,, although3927INalthough punitive3928JJpunitive damages3929NNSdamage are3930VBPbe not3931RBnot available3932JJavailable under3933INunder the3934DTthe Jones3935NPJones Act3936NPAct ,3937,, they3938PPthey are3939VBPbe available3940JJavailable for3941INfor unseaworthiness3942NNunseaworthiness ...3943:... [JUSTICE GINSBURG]3944LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] But3945CCbut may3946MDmay I3947PPI just3948RBjust stop3949VVstop you3950PPyou there3951RBthere .3952SENT. This3953DTthis Court3954NPCourt has3955VHZhave never3956RBnever held3957VVNhold that3958IN/thatthat ,3959,, has3960VHZhave it3961PPit ?3962SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]3963LOC[MR. WAXMAN] That3964DTthat 's3965VBZbe right3966JJright .3967SENT. For3968INfor 1113969CD@card@ years3970NNSyear ,3971,, the3972DTthe treatise3973NNtreatise writers3974NNSwriter and3975CCand courts3976NNScourt have3977VHPhave all3978RBall been3979VBNbe unanimous3980JJunanimous that3981IN/thatthat punitive3982JJpunitive damages3983NNSdamage are3984VBPbe not3985RBnot available3986JJavailable under3987INunder FELA3988NPFela or3989CCor ...3990:... and3991CCand ,3992,, therefore3993RBtherefore ,3994,, under3995INunder the3996DTthe Jones3997NPJones Act3998NPAct .3999SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]4000LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] We4001PPwe 've4002VHPhave reserved4003VVNreserve that4004DTthat question4005NNquestion .4006SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]4007LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Excuse4008NNexcuse me4009PPme ?4010SENT? [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]4011LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] We4012PPwe reserved4013VVDreserve that4014DTthat question4015NNquestion .4016SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]4017LOC[MR. WAXMAN] You4018PPyou did4019VVDdo reserve4020NNreserve that4021IN/thatthat question4022NNquestion .4023SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]4024LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] So4025INso that4026WDTthat 's4027VBZbe still4028RBstill an4029DTan open4030JJopen question4031NNquestion .4032SENT. [MR. WAXMAN]4033LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Well4034UHwell ,4035,, I4036PPI mean4037VVPmean ,4038,, it4039PPit is4040VBZbe an4041DTan open4042JJopen question4043NNquestion in4044INin this4045DTthis Court4046NPCourt .4047SENT. At4048INat the4049DTthe time4050NNtime that4051IN/thatthat the4052DTthe Jones4053NPJones Act4054NPAct was4055VBDbe enacted4056VVNenact ,4057,, there4058EXthere were4059VBDbe multiple4060JJmultiple treatise4061NNtreatise writers4062NNSwriter who4063WPwho said4064VVDsay ,4065,, under4066INunder FELA4067NPFela ,4068,, punitive4069JJpunitive damages4070NNSdamage are4071VBPbe n't4072RBn't available4073JJavailable .4074SENT. This4075DTthis Court4076NPCourt ,4077,, although4078INalthough not4079RBnot deciding4080VVGdecide it4081PPit ,4082,, had4083VHDhave said4084VVNsay on4085INon several4086JJseveral occasions4087NNSoccasion that4088IN/thatthat for4089INfor injury4090NNinjury ,4091,, for4092INfor a4093DTa railroad4094NNrailroad worker4095NNworker ,4096,, the4097DTthe remedy4098NNremedy was4099VBDbe compensation4100NNcompensation .4101SENT. And4102CCand ,4103,, indeed4104RBindeed ,4105,, in4106INin the4107DTthe St4108NPSt .4109SENT. Louis4110NPLouis and4111CCand Iron4112NPIron Mountain4113NPMountain Railway4114NPRailway Company4115NPCompany ,4116,, which4117WDTwhich was4118VBDbe not4119RBnot a4120DTa wrongful4121JJwrongful death4122NNdeath case4123NNcase ,4124,, it4125PPit was4126VBDbe a4127DTa survivorship4128NNsurvivorship case4129NNcase ,4130,, this4131DTthis Court4132NPCourt said4133VVDsay that4134IN/thatthat the4135DTthe remedies4136NNSremedy under4137INunder FELA4138NPFela were4139VBDbe "4140``" confined4141VVNconfine to4142TOto compensatory4143JJcompensatory loss4144NNloss .4145SENT. "4146''" [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]4147LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] So4148RBso why4149WRBwhy did4150VVDdo you4151PPyou in4152INin your4153PP$your ...4154:... [MR. WAXMAN]4155LOC[MR. WAXMAN] I4156PPI agree4157VVPagree that4158IN/thatthat this4159DTthis Court4160NPCourt has4161VHZhave not4162RBnot so4163RBso cited4164VVNcite .4165SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]4166LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...4167:... brief4168JJbrief say4169VVPsay that4170IN/thatthat FELA4171NPFela and4172CCand the4173DTthe Jones4174NPJones Act4175NPAct bar4176NNbar on4177INon compensatory4178JJcompensatory damages4179NNSdamage could4180MDcould include4181VVinclude non-pecuniary4182JJnon-pecuniary losses4183NNSloss ?4184SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]4185LOC[MR. WAXMAN] Well4186UHwell ,4187,, there4188EXthere 's4189VBZbe a4190DTa dis4191NNdis ...4192:... so4193RBso ...4194:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]4195LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] And4196CCand that4197DTthat ...4198:... [MR. WAXMAN]4199LOC[MR. WAXMAN] ...4200:... the4201DTthe non-pecuniary4202JJnon-pecuniary recovery4203NNrecovery for4204INfor ...4205:... I4206PPI do4207VVPdo n't4208RBn't have4209VHhave ...4210:... we4211PPwe do4212VVPdo n't4213RBn't have4214VHhave a4215DTa position4216NNposition on4217INon whether4218INwhether pecuniary4219JJpecuniary damages4220NNSdamage are4221VBPbe non4222JJnon ...4223:... whether4224INwhether pecuniary4225JJpecuniary damages4226NNSdamage are4227VBPbe available4228JJavailable under4229INunder the4230DTthe Jones4231NPJones Act4232NPAct or4233CCor not4234RBnot .4235SENT. What4236WPWhat the4237DTthe ...4238:... the4239DTthe way4240NNway that4241WDTthat came4242VVDcome about4243RBabout is4244VBZbe pecuniary4245JJpecuniary damages4246NNSdamage are4247VBPbe not4248RBnot available4249JJavailable under4250INunder the4251DTthe Death4252NNdeath on4253INon the4254DTthe High4255NPHigh Seas4256NNSsea Act4257NPAct .4258SENT. That4259IN/thatthat led4260VVNlead to4261TOto a4262DTa determination4263NNdetermination by4264INby this4265DTthis and4266CCand other4267JJother courts4268NNScourt that4269IN/thatthat under4270INunder the4271DTthe Jones4272NPJones Act4273NPAct ,4274,, non-pecuniary4275JJnon-pecuniary damages4276NNSdamage are4277VBPbe not4278RBnot available4279JJavailable in4280INin wrongful4281JJwrongful death4282NNdeath cases4283NNScase and4284CCand ,4285,, therefore4286RBtherefore ,4287,, are4288VBPbe not4289RBnot available4290JJavailable ...4291:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]4292LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But4293CCbut that4294WDTthat may4295MDmay not4296RBnot ...4297:... [MR. WAXMAN]4298LOC[MR. WAXMAN] ...4299:... in4300INin unseaworthiness4301NNunseaworthiness cases4302NNScase .4303SENT. And4304CCand ...4305:... and4306CCand the4307DTthe extreme4308JJextreme anomaly4309NNanomaly that4310WDTthat would4311MDwould ...4312:... that4313DTthat ...4314:... that4315WDTthat is4316VBZbe being4317VBGbe invited4318VVNinvite in4319INin this4320DTthis case4321NNcase is4322VBZbe to4323TOto ...4324:... is4325VBZbe what4326WPwhat the4327DTthe other4328JJother side4329NNside asks4330VVZask for4331INfor is4332VBZbe ,4333,, okay4334RBokay ,4335,, look4336VVlook ,4337,, we4338PPwe know4339VVPknow that4340IN/thatthat if4341INif an4342DTan injured4343JJinjured seaman4344NNseaman dies4345VVZdie ,4346,, he4347PPhe can4348MDcan 't4349RB't recover4350VVrecover under4351INunder the4352DTthe Jones4353NPJones Act4354NPAct and4355CCand ,4356,, therefore4357RBtherefore ,4358,, under4359INunder unseaworthiness4360NNunseaworthiness for4361INfor ...4362:... and4363CCand can4364MDcan get4365VVget ...4366:... punitive4367JJpunitive damages4368NNSdamage won4369MDwill 't4370RB't be4371VBbe awarded4372VVNaward ,4373,, but4374CCbut because4375INbecause they4376PPthey say4377VVPsay there4378EXthere 's4379VBZbe no4380DTno pecuniary4381JJpecuniary damage4382NNdamage limitation4383NNlimitation in4384INin injury4385NNinjury actions4386NNSaction ,4387,, if4388INif he4389PPhe does4390VVZdo n't4391RBn't die4392VVdie ,4393,, then4394RBthen punitive4395JJpunitive damages4396NNSdamage can4397MDcan be4398VBbe awarded4399VVNaward .4400SENT. And4401CCand I4402PPI ...4403:... I4404PPI ...4405:... I4406PPI would4407MDwould ...4408:... would4409MDwould respectfully4410RBrespectfully submit4411VVsubmit there4412EXthere is4413VBZbe no4414DTno policy4415NNpolicy ...4416:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]4417LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] There4418RBthere ...4419:... there4420RBthere seem4421VVPseem to4422TOto be4423VBbe ...4424:... [MR. WAXMAN]4425LOC[MR. WAXMAN] ...4426:... imperative4427JJimperative to4428TOto ...4429:... to4430TOto create4431VVcreate that4432DTthat anomaly4433NNanomaly .4434SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]4435LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] ...4436:... two4437CDtwo ways4438NNSway we4439PPwe can4440MDcan look4441VVlook at4442INat this4443DTthis .4444SENT. One4445PPone is4446VBZbe the4447DTthe Miles4448NPMiles precedent4449NNprecedent ,4450,, Jones4451NPJones Act4452NPAct ,4453,, twin4454JJtwin causes4455NNScause of4456INof action4457NNaction .4458SENT. The4459DTthe other4460JJother is4461VBZbe Townsend4462NPTownsend says4463VVZsay punitives4464NNSpunitive have4465VHPhave historically4466RBhistorically been4467VBNbe available4468JJavailable and4469CCand awarded4470VVNaward in4471INin general4472JJgeneral maritime4473JJmaritime actions4474NNSaction .4475SENT. The4476DTthe question4477NNquestion 's4478VBZbe which4479WDTwhich of4480INof those4481DTthose principles4482NNSprinciple to4483TOto follow4484VVfollow here4485RBhere .4486SENT. Where4487WRBwhere does4488VVZdo the4489DTthe special4490JJspecial solicitude4491NNsolicitude for4492INfor the4493DTthe welfare4494NNwelfare of4495INof sailors4496NNSsailor principle4497NNprinciple factor4498NNfactor into4499INinto how4500WRBhow we4501PPwe should4502MDshould think4503VVthink about4504INabout that4505DTthat ,4506,, or4507CCor does4508VVZdo it4509PPit factor4510NNfactor at4511INat all4512DTall ?4513SENT? [MR. WAXMAN]4514LOC[MR. WAXMAN] I4515PPI think4516VVPthink it4517PPit ...4518:... I4519PPI think4520VVPthink it4521PPit factors4522NNSfactor in4523INin exactly4524RBexactly ...4525:... I4526PPI mean4527VVPmean ,4528,, this4529DTthis Court4530NPCourt has4531VHZhave said4532VVNsay over4533RPover and4534CCand over4535RPover again4536RBagain that4537IN/thatthat the4538DTthe special4539JJspecial solicitude4540NNsolicitude to4541TOto the4542DTthe wards4543NNSward of4544INof the4545DTthe admiralty4546NNadmiralty does4547VVZdo not4548RBnot dictate4549VVdictate a4550DTa result4551NNresult that4552IN/thatthat the4553DTthe ...4554:... the4555DTthe seaman4556NNseaman always4557RBalways wins4558VVZwin .4559SENT. Otherwise4560RBotherwise ,4561,, you4562PPyou would4563MDwould n't4564RBn't have4565VHhave had4566VHNhave a4567DTa situation4568NNsituation at4569INat the4570DTthe time4571NNtime that4572IN/thatthat that4573DTthat ...4574:... that4575DTthat phrase4576NNphrase was4577VBDbe coined4578VVNcoin in4579INin which4580WDTwhich seamen4581NNSseaman could4582MDcould get4583VVget no4584DTno compensation4585NNcompensation at4586INat all4587DTall for4588INfor any4589DTany injuries4590NNSinjury and4591CCand ...4592:... or4593CCor if4594INif they4595PPthey died4596VVDdie or4597CCor anything4598NNanything like4599INlike that4600DTthat .4601SENT. The4602DTthe ...4603:... the4604DTthe way4605NNway to4606TOto find4607VVfind your4608PP$your way4609NNway through4610INthrough this4611DTthis is4612VBZbe the4613DTthe way4614NNway that4615IN/thatthat Miles4616NPMiles explained4617VVDexplain it4618PPit ,4619,, which4620WDTwhich is4621VBZbe ,4622,, yes4623UHyes ,4624,, the4625DTthe Jones4626NPJones Act4627NPAct ,4628,, and4629CCand this4630DTthis Court4631NPCourt following4632VVGfollow the4633DTthe lead4634NNlead of4635INof the4636DTthe Jones4637NPJones Act4638NPAct ,4639,, has4640VHZhave greatly4641RBgreatly broadened4642VVNbroaden the4643DTthe amount4644NNamount of4645INof compensation4646NNcompensation that4647IN/thatthat injured4648JJinjured seamen4649NNSseaman can4650MDcan recover4651VVrecover .4652SENT. That4653DTthat is4654VBZbe a4655DTa reflection4656NNreflection of4657INof Congress4658NPCongress 's4659POS's solicitude4660NNsolicitude and4661CCand this4662DTthis Court4663NPCourt 's4664POS's admiralty4665NNadmiralty law4666NNlaw solicitude4667NNsolicitude .4668SENT. It4669PPit does4670VVZdo n't4671RBn't mean4672VVmean that4673IN/thatthat you4674PPyou add4675VVPadd punitive4676JJpunitive damages4677NNSdamage onto4678INonto that4679DTthat .4680SENT. May4681MDmay I4682PPI reserve4683VVreserve the4684DTthe balance4685NNbalance of4686INof my4687PP$my time4688NNtime ?4689SENT? [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]4690LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Certainly4691RBcertainly ,4692,, counsel4693NNcounsel .4694SENT. Mr4695NPMr .4696SENT. Frederick4697NPFrederick .4698SENT.