[MR. KOMER]24LOC[MR. KOMER] Mr25NPMr .26SENT. Chief27NPChief Justice28NPJustice ,29,, and30CCand may31MDmay it32PPit please33VVplease the34DTthe Court35NPCourt :36:: This37DTthis case38NNcase asks39VVZask whether40INwhether the41DTthe Federal42NPFederal Constitution43NPConstitution allows44VVZallow the45DTthe wholesale46JJwholesale exclusion47NNexclusion of48INof religious49JJreligious schools50NNSschool from51INfrom scholarship52NNscholarship programs53NNSprogram .54SENT. It55PPit does56VVZdo not57RBnot .58SENT. Yet59RByet ,60,, Montana61NPMontana 's62POS's Blaine63NPBlaine Amendment64NPAmendment requires65VVZrequire that66DTthat exclusion67NNexclusion .68SENT. As69INas a70DTa result71NNresult ,72,, the73DTthe Blaine74NPBlaine Amendment75NPAmendment discriminates76VVZdiscriminate against77INagainst religious78JJreligious conduct79NNconduct ,80,, beliefs81NNSbelief ,82,, and83CCand status84NNstatus in85INin violation86NNviolation of87INof the88DTthe free-exercise89NNfree-exercise clause90NNclause under91INunder Trinity92NPTrinity Lutheran93NPLutheran .94SENT. The95DTthe Montana96NPMontana Supreme97NPSupreme Court98NPCourt disagreed99VVDdisagree .100SENT. That101DTthat court102NNcourt held103VVDhold that104IN/thatthat barring105VVGbar religious106JJreligious schools107NNSschool from108INfrom the109DTthe program110NNprogram did111VVDdo not112RBnot violate113VVviolate the114DTthe Federal115NPFederal Constitution116NPConstitution .117SENT. This118DTthis Court119NPCourt should120MDshould reverse121VVreverse that122DTthat judgment123NNjudgment .124SENT. Even125RBeven Respondents126NNSrespondent now127RBnow concede128VVPconcede that129IN/thatthat excluding130VVGexclude religious131JJreligious schools132NNSschool from133INfrom the134DTthe program135NNprogram is136VBZbe unconstitutional137JJunconstitutional ,138,, but139CCbut they140PPthey argue141VVPargue that142IN/thatthat the143DTthe court144NNcourt avoided145VVDavoid this146DTthis discrimination147NNdiscrimination by148INby invalidating149VVGinvalidate the150DTthe entire151JJentire program152NNprogram .153SENT. This154DTthis is155VBZbe wrong156JJwrong .157SENT. The158DTthe only159JJonly reason160NNreason the161DTthe court162NNcourt invalidated163VVDinvalidate the164DTthe program165NNprogram was166VBDbe because167INbecause it168PPit included169VVDinclude religious170JJreligious schools171NNSschool .172SENT. And173CCand the174DTthe court175NNcourt 's176POS's remedy177NNremedy did178VVDdo not179RBnot cure180VVcure its181PP$its discriminatory182JJdiscriminatory judgment183NNjudgment ,184,, nor185CCnor should186MDshould the187DTthe remedy188NNremedy shield189VVshield the190DTthe judgment191NNjudgment from192INfrom review193NNreview .194SENT. Petitioners195NNSpetitioner brought196VVDbring this197DTthis lawsuit198NNlawsuit because199INbecause they200PPthey were201VBDbe denied202VVNdeny scholarships203NNSscholarship based204VVNbase on205INon religion206NNreligion ,207,, and208CCand they209PPthey are210VBPbe still211RBstill being212VBGbe denied213VVNdeny scholarships214NNSscholarship based215VVNbase on216INon religion217NNreligion .218SENT. If219INif the220DTthe court221NNcourt had222VHDhave shut223VVNshut down224RPdown the225DTthe program226NNprogram because227INbecause it228PPit included229VVDinclude Muslim230JJMuslim schools231NNSschool or232CCor African-American233NPAfrican-American schools234NNSschool ,235,, there236EXthere 's237VBZbe no238DTno question239NNquestion that240WDTthat would241MDwould be242VBbe unconstitutional243JJunconstitutional .244SENT. We245PPwe ask246VVPask you247PPyou to248TOto reverse249VVreverse .250SENT. Respondents251NNSrespondent argue252VVPargue in253INin the254DTthe alternative255NNalternative that256IN/thatthat Locke257NPLocke allows258VVZallow them259PPthem to260TOto exclude261VVexclude the262DTthe religious263JJreligious schools264NNSschool and265CCand that266IN/thatthat this267DTthis case268NNcase falls269VVZfall within270INwithin the271DTthe play272NNplay in273INin the274DTthe joints275NNSjoint .276SENT. But277CCbut that278WDTthat would279MDwould allow280VVallow the281DTthe exception282NNexception to283TOto swallow284VVswallow the285DTthe rule286NNrule .287SENT. As288INas Trinity289NPTrinity Lutheran290NPLutheran made291VVDmake clear292JJclear ,293,, the294DTthe rule295NNrule is296VBZbe religious297JJreligious neutrality298NNneutrality and299CCand Locke300NPLocke only301RBonly a302DTa narrow303JJnarrow exception304NNexception .305SENT. We306PPwe argue307VVPargue that308IN/thatthat Locke309NPLocke is310VBZbe the311DTthe exception312NNexception that313WDTthat proves314VVZprove the315DTthe rule316NNrule .317SENT. 2318CD2 In319INin Trinity320NPTrinity Lutheran321NPLutheran ...322:... [JUSTICE GINSBURG]323LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] May324NPmay ...325:... may326MDmay I327PPI ask328VVask you329PPyou some330DTsome threshold331NNthreshold questions332NNSquestion about333INabout Article334NPArticle III335NPIII standing336NNstanding ?337SENT? Under338INunder the339DTthe Montana340NPMontana judgment341NNjudgment ,342,, these343DTthese parents344NNSparent are345VBPbe treated346VVNtreat no347RBno differently348RBdifferently than349INthan parents350NNSparent of351INof children352NNSchild who353WPwho are354VBPbe going355VVGgo to356TOto secular357JJsecular private358JJprivate schools359NNSschool ,360,, so361RBso where362WRBwhere is363VBZbe the364DTthe harm365NNharm ?366SENT? When367WRBwhen a368DTa differential369NNdifferential is370VBZbe challenged371VVNchallenge ,372,, the373DTthe court374NNcourt inspecting375VVGinspect the376DTthe state377NNstate law378NNlaw can379MDcan level380VVlevel up381RPup or382CCor level383VVlevel down384RPdown .385SENT. And386CCand here387RBhere it388PPit leveled389VVDlevel down390RPdown .391SENT. So392RBso these393DTthese would394MDwould be395VBbe parents396NNSparent of397INof children398NNSchild going399VVGgo to400TOto secular401JJsecular private402JJprivate schools403NNSschool .404SENT. How405WRBHow are406VBPbe you407PPyou harmed408VVNharm ?409SENT? [MR. KOMER]410LOC[MR. KOMER] Your411PP$your Honor412NPHonor ,413,, the414DTthe Montana415NPMontana Supreme416NPSupreme Court417NPCourt lacked418VVDlack the419DTthe necessary420JJnecessary predicate421NNpredicate for422INfor leveling423VVGlevel up424RPup or425CCor for426INfor leveling427VVGlevel down428RPdown because429INbecause they430PPthey got431VVDget the432DTthe federal433JJfederal Supreme434NPSupreme Court435NPCourt question436NNquestion wrong437JJwrong .438SENT. But439CCbut for440INfor getting441VVGget that442DTthat question443NNquestion wrong444JJwrong ,445,, we446PPwe would447MDwould never448RBnever have449VHhave moved450VVNmove on451RPon to452TOto the453DTthe issue454NNissue of455INof remedying456VVGremedy that457DTthat problem458NNproblem because459INbecause it460PPit is461VBZbe n't462RBn't a463DTa constitutional464JJconstitutional problem465NNproblem .466SENT. [JUSTICE GINSBURG]467LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] But468CCbut there469EXthere 's470VBZbe another471DTanother serious472JJserious problem473NNproblem ,474,, and475CCand that476DTthat 's477VBZbe the478DTthe parents479NNSparent are480VBPbe not481RBnot taxpayers482NNStaxpayer .483SENT. Taxpayers484NNStaxpayer are485VBPbe the486DTthe people487NNSpeople who488WPwho contribute489VVPcontribute to490TOto these491DTthese student492NNstudent scholarship493NNscholarship organizations494NNSorganization .495SENT. And496CCand this497DTthis Court498NPCourt has499VHZhave held500VVNhold that501IN/thatthat there502EXthere is503VBZbe no504DTno standing505NNstanding to506TOto challenge507VVchallenge somebody508NNsomebody else509RBelse 's510POS's tax511NNtax status512NNstatus .513SENT. It514PPit seems515VVZseem to516TOto me517PPme that518IN/thatthat the519DTthe Court520NPCourt 's521POS's decision522NNdecision in523INin Eastern524NPEastern Kentucky525NPKentucky is526VBZbe very527RBvery close528JJclose to529TOto this530DTthis one531CDone ,532,, and533CCand the534DTthe Court535NPCourt said536VVDsay you537PPyou say538VVPsay you539PPyou 're540VBPbe injured541VVNinjure because542INbecause these543DTthese hospitals544NNShospital are545VBPbe not546RBnot providing547VVGprovide ...548:... providing549VVGprovide services550NNSservice to551TOto you552PPyou ,553,, but554CCbut you555PPyou are556VBPbe not557RBnot the558DTthe taxpayer559NNtaxpayer and560CCand you561PPyou can562MDcan 't563RB't complain564VVPcomplain about565INabout the566DTthe tax567NNtax treatment568NNtreatment of569INof someone570NNsomeone else571RBelse .572SENT. So573RBso how574WRBhow do575VVPdo you576PPyou distinguish577VVdistinguish Eastern578NPEastern Kentucky579NPKentucky ?580SENT? [MR. KOMER]581LOC[MR. KOMER] Well582UHWell ,583,, Your584PP$your Honor585NPHonor ,586,, here587RBhere what588WPwhat 's589VBZbe involved590VVNinvolve is591VBZbe a592DTa scholarship593NNscholarship program594NNprogram ,595,, and596CCand the597DTthe scholarship598NNscholarship program599NNprogram 's600POS's intended601JJintended beneficiaries602NNSbeneficiary are603VBPbe the604DTthe parents605NNSparent ,606,, like607INlike our608PP$our clients609NNSclient ,610,, who611WPwho are612VBPbe enabled613VVNenable to614TOto exercise615VVexercise their616PP$their constitutional617JJconstitutional right618NNright to619TOto choose620VVchoose ...621:... [JUSTICE GINSBURG]622LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] They623PPthey 're624VBPbe challenging625VVGchallenge the626DTthe tax627NNtax status628NNstatus of629INof someone630NNsomeone else631RBelse ,632,, not633RBnot themselves634PPthemselves .635SENT. [MR. KOMER]636LOC[MR. KOMER] No637NPNo ...638:... no639UHno ,640,, Your641PP$your Honor642NPHonor ,643,, it644PPit 's645VBZbe because646INbecause the647DTthe Montana648NPMontana Supreme649NPSupreme Court650NPCourt has651VHZhave extended652VVNextend their653PP$their Blaine654NPBlaine Amendment655NPAmendment to656TOto include657VVinclude scholarships658NNSscholarship that659WDTthat are660VBPbe generated661VVNgenerate by662INby the663DTthe giving664NNgiving of665INof tax666NNtax credits667NNScredit ...668:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]669LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I670PPI 'm671VBPbe sorry672JJsorry .673SENT. Is674VBZbe there675RBthere any676DTany case677NNcase we678PPwe 've679VHPhave ever680RBever had681VHNhave where682WRBwhere we683PPwe 've684VHPhave recognized685VVNrecognize a686DTa tax687NNtax ...688:... a689DTa ...690:... a691DTa party692NNparty who693WPwho was694VBDbe n't695RBn't either696RBeither the697DTthe taxpayer698NNtaxpayer or699CCor the700DTthe direct701JJdirect recipient702NNrecipient of703INof the704DTthe taxes705NNStaxis ,706,, benefits707NNSbenefit of708INof the709DTthe taxes710NNStaxis ?711SENT? So712RBso here713RBhere the714DTthe parents715NNSparent not716RBnot just717RBjust are718VBPbe n't719RBn't the720DTthe taxpayer721NNtaxpayer ;722:; they723PPthey 're724VBPbe not725RBnot the726DTthe schools727NNSschool that728WDTthat receive729VVPreceive the730DTthe money731NNmoney .732SENT. Neither733CCneither are734VBPbe they735PPthey guaranteed736VVNguarantee receipt737NNreceipt of738INof the739DTthe money740NNmoney .741SENT. We742PPwe 're743VBPbe told744VVNtell that745IN/thatthat there746EXthere 's747VBZbe less748JJRless money749NNmoney than750INthan applicants751NNSapplicant .752SENT. So753RBso they754PPthey 're755VBPbe like756INlike three757CDthree levels758NNSlevel removed759VVNremove .760SENT. In761INin what762WPwhat other763JJother case764NNcase can765MDcan you766PPyou cite767VVcite for768INfor me769PPme have770VHPhave we771PPwe permitted772VVDpermit such773PDTsuch a774DTa removed775VVNremove party776NNparty to777TOto have778VHhave standing779NNstanding ?780SENT? [MR. KOMER]781LOC[MR. KOMER] I782PPI ...783:... Your784PP$your Honor785NPHonor ,786,, I787PPI do788VVPdo n't789RBn't think790VVthink that791IN/thatthat we792PPwe 've793VHPhave had794VHDhave a795DTa state796NNstate constitutional797JJconstitutional provision798NNprovision ever799RBever be800VBbe applied801VVNapply in802INin such803PDTsuch a804DTa ...805:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]806LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] It807PPit does808VVZdo n't809RBn't matter810VVmatter that811DTthat ...812:... [MR. KOMER]813LOC[MR. KOMER] ...814:... extended815JJextended fashion816NNfashion .817SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]818LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...819:... we820PPwe 've821VHPhave had822VHDhave ...823:... we824PPwe 've825VHPhave had826VHDhave a827DTa case828NNcase involving829VVGinvolve schools830NNSschool that831WDTthat discriminate832VVPdiscriminate ,833,, and834CCand we835PPwe 've836VHPhave said837VVNsay that838IN/thatthat those839DTthose schools840NNSschool ...841:... that842DTthat taxpayers843NNStaxpayer ...844:... not845RBnot taxpayers846NNStaxpayer ...847:... that848IN/thatthat individuals849NNSindividual who850WPwho feel851VVPfeel affected852VVNaffect by853INby that854DTthat discrimination855NNdiscrimination do856VVPdo n't857RBn't have858VHhave standing859NNstanding because860INbecause they861PPthey 're862VBPbe not863RBnot the864DTthe people865NNSpeople ...866:... they867PPthey 're868VBPbe not869RBnot the870DTthe taxpayer871NNtaxpayer and872CCand they873PPthey 're874VBPbe not875RBnot the876DTthe recipient877NNrecipient of878INof the879DTthe discrimination880NNdiscrimination directly881RBdirectly ,882,, so883RBso ...884:... and885CCand I'm886NPI'm ...887:... I888PPI 'm889VBPbe having890VHGhave a891DTa problem892NNproblem understanding893NNunderstanding how894WRBhow you895PPyou have896VHPhave standing897NNstanding either898CCeither for899INfor the900DTthe taxpayer901NNtaxpayer or902CCor for903INfor the904DTthe school905NNschool who906WPwho receives907VVZreceive the908DTthe money909NNmoney .910SENT. [MR. KOMER]911LOC[MR. KOMER] Well912UHWell ...913:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]914LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] And915CCand why916NNwhy ...917:... you918PPyou have919VHPhave a920DTa lot921NNlot of922INof contingencies923NNScontingency .924SENT. Other925JJother ...926:... that927IN/thatthat taxpayers928NNStaxpayer won929MDwill 't930RB't give931VVgive the932DTthe $933$$ 150934CD@card@ without935INwithout the936DTthe tax937NNtax credit938NNcredit ,939,, that940IN/thatthat the941DTthe school942NNschool will943MDwill actually944RBactually pick945VVpick them946PPthem ,947,, and948CCand that949IN/thatthat even950RBeven if951INif picked952VVNpick in953INin the954DTthe past955NNpast ,956,, that957WDTthat they958PPthey 'll959MDwill be960VBbe picked961VVNpick in962INin the963DTthe future964NNfuture .965SENT. It966PPit seems967VVZseem a968DTa high969JJhigh level970NNlevel of971INof contingencies972NNScontingency .973SENT. So974RBso mention975VVmention one976CDone case977NNcase that978WDTthat comes979VVZcome close980NNclose to981TOto that982DTthat .983SENT. [MR. KOMER]984LOC[MR. KOMER] Any985DTany case986NNcase that987WDTthat involves988VVZinvolve Article989NPArticle III990NPIII standing991NNstanding where992WRBwhere the993DTthe intended994VVNintend beneficiaries995NNSbeneficiary of996INof the997DTthe program998NNprogram are999VBPbe ...1000:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1001LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] The1002DTthe school1003NNschool 's1004VBZbe the1005DTthe intended1006JJintended beneficiary1007NNbeneficiary .1008SENT. [MR. KOMER]1009LOC[MR. KOMER] I1010PPI ...1011:... I1012PPI ...1013:... respectfully1014RBrespectfully ,1015,, Your1016PP$your Honor1017NPHonor ,1018,, I1019PPI disagree1020VVPdisagree .1021SENT. The1022DTthe financial1023JJfinancial benefit1024NNbenefit from1025INfrom a1026DTa scholarship1027NNscholarship program1028NNprogram is1029VBZbe to1030TOto the1031DTthe families1032NNSfamily .1033SENT. The1034DTthe families1035NNSfamily receive1036VVPreceive the1037DTthe benefit1038NNbenefit of1039INof the1040DTthe scholarship1041NNscholarship .1042SENT. The1043DTthe scholarship1044NNscholarship is1045VBZbe used1046VVNuse by1047INby the1048DTthe families1049NNSfamily to1050TOto buy1051VVbuy the1052DTthe education1053NNeducation ...1054:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1055LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Counsel1056NPCounsel ...1057:... [MR. KOMER]1058LOC[MR. KOMER] ...1059:... at1060INat the1061DTthe school1062NNschool .1063SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1064LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...1065:... the1066DTthe financial1067JJfinancial benefit1068NNbenefit is1069VBZbe to1070TOto the1071DTthe taxpayer1072NNtaxpayer who1073WPwho gets1074VVZget a1075DTa tax1076NNtax credit1077NNcredit .1078SENT. [MR. KOMER]1079LOC[MR. KOMER] Actually1080RBactually ...1081:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1082LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] That1083DTthat 's1084VBZbe the1085DTthe intent1086NNintent .1087SENT. It1088PPit 's1089VBZbe an1090DTan incentive1091NNincentive for1092INfor the1093DTthe taxpayer1094NNtaxpayer to1095TOto give1096VVgive money1097NNmoney ,1098,, but1099CCbut there1100EXthere are1101VBPbe many1102JJmany incentives1103NNSincentive that1104WDTthat incentivize1105VVPincentivize people1106NNSpeople to1107TOto give1108VVgive money1109NNmoney .1110SENT. [MR. KOMER]1111LOC[MR. KOMER] Yes1112NPYes ,1113,, Your1114PP$your Honor1115NPHonor ,1116,, it1117PPit does1118VVZdo incentivize1119VVincentivize donations1120NNSdonation .1121SENT. That1122DTthat 's1123VBZbe its1124PP$its purpose1125NNpurpose .1126SENT. And1127CCand it1128PPit actually1129RBactually succeeded1130VVDsucceed ,1131,, while1132INwhile the1133DTthe program1134NNprogram was1135VBDbe going1136VVGgo ,1137,, in1138INin awarding1139VVGaward scholarships1140NNSscholarship to1141TOto two1142CDtwo of1143INof our1144PP$our three1145CDthree client1146NNclient families1147NNSfamily .1148SENT. And1149CCand ...1150:... [JUSTICE GINSBURG]1151LOC[JUSTICE GINSBURG] How1152WRBHow do1153VVPdo you1154PPyou know1155VVPknow that1156IN/thatthat they1157PPthey would1158MDwould n't1159RBn't have1160VHhave been1161VBNbe in1162INin the1163DTthe same1164JJsame situation1165NNsituation ?1166SENT? After1167INafter all1168PDTall this1169DTthis is1170VBZbe a1171DTa small1172JJsmall credit1173NNcredit .1174SENT. It1175PPit 's1176VBZbe $1177$$ 1501178CD@card@ .1179SENT. And1180CCand if1181INif they1182PPthey do1183VVPdo n't1184RBn't get1185VVget the1186DTthe credit1187NNcredit ,1188,, if1189INif the1190DTthe donors1191NNSdonor to1192TOto the1193DTthe organizations1194NNSorganization do1195VVPdo n't1196RBn't get1197VVget the1198DTthe credit1199NNcredit ,1200,, they1201PPthey still1202RBstill get1203VVPget a1204DTa tax1205NNtax deduction1206NNdeduction .1207SENT. And1208CCand that1209DTthat tax1210NNtax deduction1211NNdeduction is1212VBZbe uncapped1213VVNuncap .1214SENT. So1215RBso how1216WRBhow can1217MDcan we1218PPwe even1219RBeven assume1220VVPassume that1221IN/thatthat there1222EXthere 's1223VBZbe going1224VVGgo to1225TOto be1226VBbe less1227JJRless money1228NNmoney in1229INin the1230DTthe kitty1231NNkitty if1232INif the1233DTthe credit1234NNcredit is1235VBZbe removed1236VVNremove but1237CCbut the1238DTthe tax1239NNtax deduction1240NNdeduction remains1241VVZremain untouched1242JJuntouched ?1243SENT? And1244CCand I1245PPI 'm1246VBPbe looking1247VVGlook at1248INat Wright1249NPWright against1250INagainst Allen1251NPAllen in1252INin Eastern1253NPEastern Kentucky1254NPKentucky and1255CCand I1256PPI just1257RBjust do1258VVPdo n't1259RBn't understand1260VVunderstand how1261WRBhow this1262DTthis case1263NNcase passes1264VVZpass the1265DTthe standing1266NNstanding bar1267NNbar when1268WRBwhen those1269DTthose did1270VVDdo n't1271RBn't .1272SENT. [MR. KOMER]1273LOC[MR. KOMER] Well1274UHWell ,1275,, Your1276PP$your Honor1277NPHonor ,1278,, the1279DTthe simple1280JJsimple fact1281NNfact of1282INof the1283DTthe matter1284NNmatter is1285VBZbe that1286IN/thatthat our1287PP$our clients1288NNSclient received1289VVDreceive scholarships1290NNSscholarship under1291INunder this1292DTthis program1293NNprogram ,1294,, which1295WDTwhich was1296VBDbe a1297DTa financial1298JJfinancial benefit1299NNbenefit to1300TOto them1301PPthem .1302SENT. The1303DTthe ...1304:... the1305DTthe ...1306:... the1307DTthe tax1308NNtax deductions1309NNSdeduction are1310VBPbe not1311RBnot a1312DTa financial1313JJfinancial benefit1314NNbenefit to1315TOto the1316DTthe taxpayer1317NNtaxpayer because1318INbecause they1319PPthey are1320VBPbe out1321RBout $1322$$ 1501323CD@card@ ,1324,, whether1325INwhether they1326PPthey pay1327VVPpay their1328PP$their tax1329NNtax to1330TOto the1331DTthe state1332NNstate or1333CCor they1334PPthey donate1335VVPdonate $1336$$ 1501337CD@card@ to1338TOto the1339DTthe scholarship1340NNscholarship organization1341NNorganization .1342SENT. There1343EXthere 's1344VBZbe no1345DTno financial1346JJfinancial benefit1347NNbenefit to1348TOto them1349PPthem .1350SENT. It1351PPit 's1352VBZbe kind1353NNkind of1354INof a1355DTa psychic1356JJpsychic benefit1357NNbenefit .1358SENT. But1359CCbut it1360PPit creates1361VVZcreate scholarships1362NNSscholarship .1363SENT. It1364PPit really1365RBreally created1366VVDcreate scholarships1367NNSscholarship .1368SENT. And1369CCand ...1370:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]1371LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Mr1372NPMr .1373SENT. Komer1374NPKomer ,1375,, can1376MDcan I1377PPI go1378VVgo back1379RBback to1380TOto Justice1381NPJustice Ginsburg1382NPGinsburg 's1383POS's first1384JJfirst question1385NNquestion ?1386SENT? And1387CCand I1388PPI do1389VVPdo n't1390RBn't know1391VVknow whether1392INwhether to1393TOto call1394VVcall it1395PPit standing1396NNstanding or1397CCor mootness1398NNmootness or1399CCor anything1400NNanything else1401RBelse ,1402,, but1403CCbut I1404PPI guess1405VVPguess I1406PPI am1407VBPbe having1408VHGhave trouble1409JJtrouble seeing1410VVGsee where1411WRBwhere the1412DTthe harm1413NNharm in1414INin this1415DTthis case1416NNcase is1417VBZbe at1418INat this1419DTthis point1420NNpoint .1421SENT. It1422PPit 's1423VBZbe a1424DTa strange1425JJstrange kind1426NNkind of1427INof posture1428NNposture wherein1429RBwherein ,1430,, but1431CCbut if1432INif you1433PPyou would1434MDwould describe1435VVdescribe to1436TOto me1437PPme what1438WPwhat is1439VBZbe the1440DTthe harm1441NNharm that1442IN/thatthat the1443DTthe parents1444NNSparent are1445VBPbe suffering1446VVGsuffer right1447RBright now1448RBnow currently1449RBcurrently ?1450SENT? [MR. KOMER]1451LOC[MR. KOMER] Well1452UHWell ,1453,, right1454RBright now1455RBnow ,1456,, their1457PP$their students1458NNSstudent ...1459:... two1460CDtwo of1461INof the1462DTthe families1463NNSfamily '1464POS' students1465NNSstudent are1466VBPbe on1467INon scholarships1468NNSscholarship and1469CCand next1470JJnext year1471NNyear they1472PPthey won1473MDwill 't1474RB't be1475VBbe ...1476:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]1477LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Right1478RBright .1479SENT. But1480CCbut I1481PPI guess1482VVPguess ...1483:... [MR. KOMER]1484LOC[MR. KOMER] ...1485:... generated1486VVNgenerate by1487INby the1488DTthe program1489NNprogram .1490SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]1491LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] I1492PPI 'm1493VBPbe sorry1494JJsorry to1495TOto interrupt1496VVinterrupt .1497SENT. I1498PPI guess1499VVPguess what1500WPwhat I'm1501NNI'm ...1502:... I1503PPI 'm1504VBPbe saying1505VVGsay is1506VBZbe that1507IN/thatthat because1508INbecause of1509INof the1510DTthe supreme1511JJsupreme court1512NNcourt 's1513POS's ruling1514NNruling ,1515,, whether1516INwhether you1517PPyou go1518VVPgo to1519TOto a1520DTa religious1521JJreligious school1522NNschool or1523CCor you1524PPyou go1525VVPgo to1526TOto a1527DTa secular1528JJsecular private1529JJprivate school1530NNschool ,1531,, you1532PPyou 're1533VBPbe in1534INin the1535DTthe same1536JJsame boat1537NNboat at1538INat this1539DTthis point1540NNpoint .1541SENT. So1542RBso I1543PPI 've1544VHPhave always1545RBalways understood1546VVNunderstand in1547INin these1548DTthese kinds1549NNSkind of1550INof cases1551NNScase that1552IN/thatthat the1553DTthe harm1554NNharm is1555VBZbe the1556DTthe perceived1557VVNperceive or1558CCor alleged1559VVNallege or1560CCor actual1561JJactual ...1562:... whatever1563WDTwhatever you1564PPyou want1565VVPwant to1566TOto call1567VVcall it1568PPit ...1569:... discrimination1570NNdiscrimination .1571SENT. But1572CCbut there1573EXthere is1574VBZbe no1575DTno discrimination1576NNdiscrimination at1577INat this1578DTthis point1579NNpoint going1580VVGgo on1581INon ,1582,, is1583VBZbe there1584RBthere ?1585SENT? [MR. KOMER]1586LOC[MR. KOMER] Yes1587NPYes ,1588,, there1589EXthere is1590VBZbe .1591SENT. Because1592INbecause the1593DTthe discrimination1594NNdiscrimination occurred1595VVDoccur in1596INin the1597DTthe judgment1598NNjudgment of1599INof the1600DTthe Montana1601NPMontana Supreme1602NPSupreme Court1603NPCourt which1604WDTwhich considered1605VVDconsider a1606DTa federal1607JJfederal question1608NNquestion ,1609,, which1610WDTwhich led1611VVDlead to1612TOto the1613DTthe invalidation1614NNinvalidation of1615INof the1616DTthe program1617NNprogram .1618SENT. And1619CCand they1620PPthey ...1621:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]1622LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] But1623CCbut it1624PPit led1625VVDlead to1626TOto the1627DTthe invalidation1628NNinvalidation of1629INof the1630DTthe entire1631JJentire program1632NNprogram as1633INas it1634PPit related1635VVDrelate both1636DTboth to1637TOto private1638JJprivate secular1639JJsecular schools1640NNSschool and1641CCand private1642JJprivate religious1643JJreligious schools1644NNSschool .1645SENT. So1646RBso a1647DTa ...1648:... a1649DTa ...1650:... a1651DTa ...1652:... a1653DTa ...1654:... the1655DTthe parents1656NNSparent of1657INof both1658CCboth are1659VBPbe affected1660VVNaffect in1661INin the1662DTthe exact1663JJexact same1664JJsame way1665NNway .1666SENT. [MR. KOMER]1667LOC[MR. KOMER] That1668DTthat 's1669VBZbe because1670INbecause the1671DTthe remedy1672NNremedy ...1673:... you1674PPyou can1675MDcan 't1676RB't let1677VVlet the1678DTthe remedy1679NNremedy shield1680VVshield the1681DTthe discriminatory1682JJdiscriminatory judgment1683NNjudgment .1684SENT. The1685DTthe discriminatory1686JJdiscriminatory judgment1687NNjudgment is1688VBZbe in1689INin mistakenly1690RBmistakenly believing1691VVGbelieve that1692IN/thatthat this1693DTthis Blaine1694NPBlaine Amendment1695NPAmendment and1696CCand the1697DTthe application1698NNapplication of1699INof it1700PPit did1701VVDdo not1702RBnot violate1703VVviolate the1704DTthe Federal1705NPFederal Constitution1706NPConstitution .1707SENT. If1708INif they1709PPthey got1710VVDget that1711IN/thatthat question1712NNquestion right1713NNright ,1714,, we1715PPwe would1716MDwould n't1717RBn't be1718VBbe here1719RBhere .1720SENT. Because1721INbecause the1722DTthe program1723NNprogram would1724MDwould still1725RBstill be1726VBbe going1727VVGgo on1728INon and1729CCand our1730PP$our parents1731NNSparent would1732MDwould be1733VBbe ...1734:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1735LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I1736PPI 'm1737VBPbe sorry1738JJsorry ,1739,, how1740WRBhow could1741MDcould that1742RBthat be1743VBbe ?1744SENT? Meaning1745NNmeaning ,1746,, do1747VVdo you1748PPyou ...1749:... are1750VBPbe you1751PPyou taking1752VVGtake the1753DTthe position1754NNposition that1755IN/thatthat as1756INas a1757DTa matter1758NNmatter of1759INof constitutional1760JJconstitutional law1761NNlaw ,1762,, the1763DTthe Montana1764NPMontana Supreme1765NPSupreme Court1766NPCourt constitutional1767JJconstitutional provision1768NNprovision is1769VBZbe unconstitutional1770JJunconstitutional ?1771SENT? That1772DTthat ...1773:... that1774IN/thatthat states1775NNSstate are1776VBPbe forced1777VVNforce to1778TOto give1779VVgive money1780NNmoney ,1781,, tax1782NNtax credits1783NNScredit ,1784,, to1785TOto religious1786JJreligious institutions1787NNSinstitution and1788CCand secular1789JJsecular institutions1790NNSinstitution ?1791SENT? Are1792VBPbe they1793PPthey required1794VVNrequire always1795RBalways to1796TOto give1797VVgive money1798NNmoney out1799RBout ,1800,, scholarships1801NNSscholarship ?1802SENT? [MR. KOMER]1803LOC[MR. KOMER] No1804NPNo .1805SENT. No1806UHNo ,1807,, Your1808PP$your Honor1809NPHonor .1810SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1811LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] All1812DTall right1813NNright .1814SENT. So1815RBso let1816VVlet 's1817VBZbe start1818VVstart there1819RBthere .1820SENT. Are1821VBPbe you1822PPyou saying1823VVGsay that1824IN/thatthat the1825DTthe constitutional1826JJconstitutional ...1827:... the1828DTthe constitution1829NNconstitution is1830VBZbe unconstitutional1831JJunconstitutional ?1832SENT? Meaning1833VVGmean that1834IN/thatthat the1835DTthe constitutional1836JJconstitutional ...1837:... Montana1838NPMontana 's1839POS's constitutional1840JJconstitutional provision1841NNprovision is1842VBZbe unconstitutional1843JJunconstitutional .1844SENT. [MR. KOMER]1845LOC[MR. KOMER] Montana1846NPMontana 's1847POS's constitutional1848JJconstitutional provision1849NNprovision violates1850VVZviolate the1851DTthe free-exercise1852NNfree-exercise clause1853NNclause on1854INon its1855PP$its face1856NNface .1857SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1858LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] On1859INon its1860PP$its face1861NNface .1862SENT. [MR. KOMER]1863LOC[MR. KOMER] And1864CCand as1865RBas applied1866VVNapply to1867TOto this1868DTthis program1869NNprogram .1870SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1871LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] So1872INso you1873PPyou are1874VBPbe saying1875VVGsay that1876IN/thatthat states1877NNSstate are1878VBPbe forced1879VVNforce to1880TOto give1881VVgive money1882NNmoney both1883CCboth to1884TOto secular1885JJsecular and1886CCand religious1887JJreligious schools1888NNSschool ?1889SENT? [MR. KOMER]1890LOC[MR. KOMER] It1891PPit ...1892:... not1893RBnot to1894TOto the1895DTthe schools1896NNSschool .1897SENT. This1898DTthis is1899VBZbe a1900DTa case1901NNcase about1902INabout giving1903VVGgive the1904DTthe money1905NNmoney to1906TOto the1907DTthe families1908NNSfamily .1909SENT. It1910PPit 's1911VBZbe not1912RBnot a1913DTa case1914NNcase about1915RBabout ...1916:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1917LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I1918PPI do1919VVPdo n't1920RBn't ...1921:... [MR. KOMER]1922LOC[MR. KOMER] ...1923:... giving1924VVGgive money1925NNmoney to1926TOto the1927DTthe schools1928NNSschool .1929SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1930LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Secular1931JJsecular and1932CCand religious1933JJreligious families1934NNSfamily ?1935SENT? [MR. KOMER]1936LOC[MR. KOMER] Yes1937NPYes ,1938,, if1939INif they1940PPthey give1941VVPgive to1942TOto one1943CDone ,1944,, they1945PPthey must1946MDmust give1947VVgive to1948TOto the1949DTthe other1950JJother .1951SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1952LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But1953CCbut can1954MDcan the1955DTthe state1956NNstate choose1957VVchoose not1958RBnot to1959TOto give1960VVgive at1961INat all1962DTall ?1963SENT? [MR. KOMER]1964LOC[MR. KOMER] Yes1965NPYes .1966SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1967LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] All1968DTall right1969NNright .1970SENT. So1971RBso let1972VVNlet 's1973VBZbe ...1974:... if1975INif you1976PPyou start1977VVPstart from1978INfrom that1979DTthat proposition1980NNproposition ,1981,, the1982DTthe Montana1983NPMontana court1984NNcourt said1985VVDsay we1986PPwe do1987VVPdo n't1988RBn't have1989VHhave a1990DTa law1991NNlaw now1992RBnow ,1993,, do1994VVPdo n't1995RBn't give1996VVgive to1997TOto any1998DTany .1999SENT. So2000RBso let2001VVlet 's2002VBZbe assume2003VVassume that2004IN/thatthat the2005DTthe Montana2006NPMontana court2007NNcourt did2008VVDdo what2009WPwhat you2010PPyou wanted2011VVDwant it2012PPit to2013TOto do2014VVdo and2015CCand said2016VVDsay :2017:: This2018DTthis is2019VBZbe unconstitutional2020JJunconstitutional under2021INunder the2022DTthe Federal2023NPFederal Constitution2024NPConstitution ,2025,, and2026CCand it2027PPit 's2028VBZbe unconstitutional2029JJunconstitutional under2030INunder the2031DTthe Montana2032NPMontana Constitution2033NPConstitution ,2034,, which2035WDTwhich is2036VBZbe what2037WPwhat I2038PPI think2039VVPthink it2040PPit did2041VVDdo ,2042,, by2043INby the2044DTthe way2045NNway .2046SENT. It2047PPit said2048VVDsay it2049PPit 's2050VBZbe unconstitutional2051JJunconstitutional under2052INunder both2053DTboth ,2054,, even2055RBeven if2056INif it2057PPit did2058VVDdo n't2059RBn't say2060VVsay it2061PPit ,2062,, but2063CCbut let2064VVlet 's2065VBZbe assume2066VVassume it2067PPit .2068SENT. Let2069VVlet 's2070VBZbe assume2071VVassume it2072PPit says2073VVZsay it2074PPit 's2075VBZbe unconstitutional2076JJunconstitutional under2077INunder the2078DTthe federal2079JJfederal constitution2080NNconstitution .2081SENT. You2082PPyou 're2083VBPbe saying2084VVGsay they2085PPthey can2086MDcan 't2087RB't say2088VVPsay separately2089RBseparately it2090PPit 's2091VBZbe unconstitutional2092JJunconstitutional under2093INunder the2094DTthe Montana2095NPMontana Constitution2096NPConstitution ?2097SENT? They2098PPthey have2099VHPhave to2100TOto keep2101VVkeep the2102DTthe program2103NNprogram alive2104RBalive ?2105SENT? [MR. KOMER]2106LOC[MR. KOMER] In2107INin the2108DTthe circumstances2109NNScircumstance we2110PPwe 're2111VBPbe dealing2112VVGdeal with2113INwith ,2114,, Your2115PP$your Honor2116NPHonor ,2117,, they2118PPthey terminated2119VVDterminate the2120DTthe program2121NNprogram .2122SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2123LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I2124PPI 'm2125VBPbe not2126RBnot talking2127VVGtalk about2128INabout the2129DTthe circumstances2130NNScircumstance .2131SENT. Let2132VVlet 's2133VBZbe assume2134VVassume their2135PP$their opinion2136NNopinion was2137VBDbe written2138VVNwrite exactly2139RBexactly the2140DTthe way2141NNway you2142PPyou want2143VVPwant it2144PPit to2145TOto be2146VBbe ,2147,, and2148CCand they2149PPthey had2150VHDhave said2151VVNsay ,2152,, this2153DTthis violates2154VVZviolate the2155DTthe Federal2156NPFederal Constitution2157NPConstitution ,2158,, but2159CCbut it2160PPit also2161RBalso violates2162VVZviolate the2163DTthe Montana2164NPMontana Constitution2165NPConstitution .2166SENT. So2167RBso instead2168RBinstead of2169INof leveling2170VVGlevel up2171RPup the2172DTthe way2173NNway Justice2174NPJustice Ginsburg2175NPGinsburg said2176VVDsay ,2177,, we2178PPwe 're2179VBPbe going2180VVGgo to2181TOto level2182VVlevel down2183RPdown .2184SENT. That2185DTthat way2186NNway it2187PPit does2188VVZdo n't2189RBn't violate2190VVviolate either2191RBeither of2192INof them2193PPthem .2194SENT. It2195PPit ...2196:... we2197PPwe stopped2198VVDstop the2199DTthe federal2200JJfederal violation2201NNviolation because2202INbecause we2203PPwe 're2204VBPbe not2205RBnot discriminating2206VVGdiscriminate against2207INagainst the2208DTthe school2209NNschool ...2210:... any2211DTany school2212NNschool .2213SENT. And2214CCand we2215PPwe 've2216VHPhave now2217RBnow ...2218:... not2219RBnot violating2220VVGviolate the2221DTthe Colorado2222NPColorado Constitution2223NPConstitution .2224SENT. Can2225MDcan they2226PPthey do2227VVdo that2228DTthat ?2229SENT? [MR. KOMER]2230LOC[MR. KOMER] Are2231VBPbe we2232PPwe talking2233VVGtalk about2234INabout the2235DTthe court2236NNcourt doing2237VVGdo this2238DTthis or2239CCor ...2240:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2241LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] To2242TOTo the2243DTthe court2244NNcourt doing2245VVGdo this2246DTthis .2247SENT. [MR. KOMER]2248LOC[MR. KOMER] Can2249MDcan the2250DTthe court2251NNcourt do2252VVPdo it2253PPit ,2254,, no2255UHno ?2256SENT? [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2257LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Why2258NPWhy ?2259SENT? [MR. KOMER]2260LOC[MR. KOMER] Because2261INbecause when2262WRBwhen you2263PPyou have2264VHPhave a2265DTa constitutional2266JJconstitutional conflict2267NNconflict between2268INbetween the2269DTthe two2270CDtwo constitutions2271NNSconstitution ,2272,, the2273DTthe Federal2274NPFederal Constitution2275NPConstitution trumps2276NNStrump ...2277:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]2278LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But2279CCbut you2280PPyou just2281RBjust told2282VVDtell me2283PPme the2284DTthe Federal2285NPFederal Constitution2286NPConstitution does2287VVZdo n't2288RBn't stop2289VVstop the2290DTthe state2291NNstate from2292INfrom choosing2293VVGchoose not2294RBnot to2295TOto give2296VVgive aid2297NNaid .2298SENT. [MR. KOMER]2299LOC[MR. KOMER] That2300DTthat 's2301VBZbe right2302JJright .2303SENT. But2304CCbut here2305RBhere the2306DTthe state2307NNstate chose2308VVDchoose to2309TOto give2310VVgive aid2311NNaid and2312CCand it2313PPit has2314VHZhave been2315VBNbe stopped2316VVNstop from2317INfrom giving2318VVGgive aid2319NNaid to2320TOto our2321PP$our clients2322NNSclient .2323SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]2324LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Well2325UHwell ,2326,, it2327PPit chose2328VVDchoose to2329TOto give2330VVgive aid2331NNaid consistent2332JJconsistent with2333INwith the2334DTthe constitutional2335JJconstitutional amendment2336NNamendment .2337SENT. And2338CCand ...2339:... and2340CCand ...2341:... and2342CCand the2343DTthe constitutional2344JJconstitutional amendment2345NNamendment sets2346VVZset restrictions2347NNSrestriction on2348INon funds2349NNSfund .2350SENT. And2351CCand ,2352,, as2353INas a2354DTa result2355NNresult of2356INof the2357DTthe restrictions2358NNSrestriction on2359INon funds2360NNSfund that2361IN/thatthat the2362DTthe constitutional2363JJconstitutional amendment2364NNamendment set2365NNset ,2366,, in2367INin this2368DTthis case2369NNcase ,2370,, which2371WDTwhich I2372PPI have2373VHPhave always2374RBalways understood2375VVNunderstand to2376TOto be2377VBbe a2378DTa challenge2379NNchallenge to2380TOto the2381DTthe way2382NNway that2383IN/thatthat the2384DTthe constitutional2385JJconstitutional amendment2386NNamendment operated2387VVNoperate on2388INon a2389DTa particular2390JJparticular program2391NNprogram ,2392,, as2393INas a2394DTa result2395NNresult of2396INof this2397DTthis challenge2398NNchallenge ,2399,, what2400WPwhat has2401VHZhave happened2402VVNhappen is2403VBZbe that2404IN/thatthat neither2405CCneither the2406DTthe parents2407NNSparent who2408WPwho want2409VVPwant to2410TOto send2411VVsend their2412PP$their children2413NNSchild to2414TOto religious2415JJreligious schools2416NNSschool nor2417CCnor the2418DTthe parents2419NNSparent who2420WPwho want2421VVPwant to2422TOto send2423VVsend their2424PP$their children2425NNSchild to2426TOto secular2427JJsecular schools2428NNSschool get2429VVPget what2430WPwhat they2431PPthey would2432MDwould like2433VVlike to2434TOto get2435VVget .2436SENT. So2437RBso they2438PPthey 're2439VBPbe both2440CCboth being2441VBGbe treated2442VVNtreat the2443DTthe same2444JJsame way2445NNway .2446SENT. [MR. KOMER]2447LOC[MR. KOMER] Only2448RBonly as2449INas a2450DTa result2451NNresult of2452INof a2453DTa mistaken2454JJmistaken understanding2455NNunderstanding of2456INof the2457DTthe free-exercise2458NNfree-exercise clause2459NNclause ,2460,, Your2461PP$your Honor2462NPHonor .2463SENT. [JUSTICE ALITO]2464LOC[JUSTICE ALITO] Under2465INunder ...2466:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]2467LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] But2468CCbut we2469PPwe do2470VVPdo n't2471RBn't usually2472RBusually ...2473:... [JUSTICE ALITO]2474LOC[JUSTICE ALITO] ...2475:... under2476INunder ...2477:... go2478VVgo ahead2479RBahead .2480SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]2481LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] I2482PPI mean2483VVPmean ,2484,, we2485PPwe do2486VVPdo n't2487RBn't usually2488RBusually sort2489VVsort of2490INof grade2491NNgrade every2492DTevery line2493NNline of2494INof an2495DTan opinion2496NNopinion .2497SENT. Usually2498RBusually we2499PPwe look2500VVPlook to2501TOto an2502DTan opinion2503NNopinion ,2504,, and2505CCand ...2506:... and2507CCand ...2508:... and2509CCand ...2510:... and2511CCand there2512EXthere 's2513VBZbe a2514DTa decision2515NNdecision below2516RBbelow ,2517,, and2518CCand it2519PPit 's2520VHZhave had2521VHNhave a2522DTa consequence2523NNconsequence in2524INin the2525DTthe world2526NNworld .2527SENT. And2528CCand the2529DTthe consequence2530NNconsequence of2531INof this2532DTthis decision2533NNdecision is2534VBZbe that2535IN/thatthat there2536EXthere is2537VBZbe no2538DTno discrimination2539NNdiscrimination ,2540,, that2541IN/thatthat neither2542DTneither ...2543:... that2544IN/thatthat neither2545DTneither set2546NNset of2547INof parents2548NNSparent is2549VBZbe getting2550VVGget what2551WPwhat it2552PPit ...2553:... they2554PPthey want2555VVPwant .2556SENT. Now2557RBnow ,2558,, you2559PPyou might2560MDmight say2561VVsay ,2562,, well2563RBwell ,2564,, both2565CCboth should2566MDshould get2567VVget what2568WPwhat they2569PPthey want2570VVPwant ,2571,, and2572CCand maybe2573RBmaybe that2574WDTthat would2575MDwould be2576VBbe a2577DTa better2578JJRgood world2579NNworld .2580SENT. Maybe2581RBmaybe .2582SENT. But2583CCbut the2584DTthe constitutional2585JJconstitutional harm2586NNharm that2587IN/thatthat it2588PPit seems2589VVZseem that2590IN/thatthat you2591PPyou have2592VHPhave to2593TOto allege2594VVallege here2595RBhere is2596VBZbe the2597DTthe discrimination2598NNdiscrimination .2599SENT. And2600CCand there2601EXthere is2602VBZbe no2603DTno discrimination2604NNdiscrimination .2605SENT. [MR. KOMER]2606LOC[MR. KOMER] Your2607PP$your Honor2608NPHonor ,2609,, there2610EXthere is2611VBZbe no2612DTno discrimination2613NNdiscrimination because2614INbecause the2615DTthe Montana2616NPMontana constitutional2617JJconstitutional provision2618NNprovision requires2619VVZrequire discrimination2620NNdiscrimination on2621INon its2622PP$its face2623NNface and2624CCand as2625RBas applied2626VVNapply to2627TOto our2628PP$our clients2629NNSclient .2630SENT. And2631CCand ,2632,, if2633INif I2634PPI can2635MDcan point2636VVpoint out2637RPout ,2638,, this2639DTthis is2640VBZbe n't2641RBn't a2642DTa decision2643NNdecision about2644INabout harmonizing2645VVGharmonize the2646DTthe two2647CDtwo constitutions2648NNSconstitution because2649INbecause the2650DTthe Montana2651NPMontana Supreme2652NPSupreme Court2653NPCourt did2654VVDdo not2655RBnot recognize2656VVrecognize there2657EXthere was2658VBDbe any2659DTany conflict2660NNconflict between2661INbetween them2662PPthem that2663WDTthat had2664VHDhave to2665TOto be2666VBbe harmonized2667VVNharmonize at2668INat all2669DTall .2670SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]2671LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Justice2672NPJustice Alito2673NPAlito ?2674SENT? [JUSTICE ALITO]2675LOC[JUSTICE ALITO] Yeah2676UHYeah ,2677,, I2678PPI just2679RBjust wanted2680VVDwant to2681TOto ask2682VVask this2683DTthis simple2684JJsimple question2685NNquestion :2686:: Under2687INunder our2688PP$our decision2689NNdecision in2690INin Village2691NPVillage of2692INof Arlington2693NPArlington Heights2694NPHeights ,2695,, is2696VBZbe it2697PPit constitutional2698JJconstitutional for2699INfor a2700DTa unit2701NNunit of2702INof state2703NNstate government2704NNgovernment to2705TOto do2706VVdo something2707NNsomething that2708IN/thatthat it2709PPit could2710MDcould do2711VVdo ,2712,, but2713CCbut if2714INif it2715PPit does2716VVZdo it2717PPit for2718INfor an2719DTan unconstitutional2720JJunconstitutional discriminatory2721JJdiscriminatory reason2722NNreason ,2723,, is2724VBZbe it2725PPit then2726RBthen unconstitutional2727JJunconstitutional ?2728SENT? [MR. KOMER]2729LOC[MR. KOMER] Yes2730NPYes ,2731,, it2732PPit is2733VBZbe ,2734,, Your2735PP$your Honor2736NPHonor .2737SENT. I2738PPI see2739VVPsee the2740DTthe light2741NNlight is2742VBZbe on2743INon .2744SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]2745LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Thank2746VVthank you2747PPyou ,2748,, counsel2749NNcounsel .2750SENT. Mr2751NPMr .2752SENT. Wall2753NPWall .2754SENT.