[MR. PANNER]27LOC[MR. PANNER] Mr28NPMr .29SENT. Chief30NPChief Justice31NPJustice ,32,, may33MDmay it34PPit please35VVplease the36DTthe Court37NPCourt :38:: The39DTthe Copyright40NPCopyright Act41NPAct provides42VVZprovide strong43JJstrong textual44JJtextual evidence45NNevidence that46IN/thatthat the47DTthe phrase48NNphrase "49``" registration50NNregistration has51VHZhave been52VBNbe made53VVNmake "54''" in55INin Section56NPSection 41157CD@card@ (58(( a59DTa )60)) refers61VVZrefer to62TOto the63DTthe copyright64NNcopyright owner65NNowner 's66POS's compliance67NNcompliance with68INwith the69DTthe registration70NNregistration requirement71NNrequirement of72INof Section73NPSection 40874CD@card@ (75(( a76DTa )77)) .78SENT. That79DTthat reading80NNreading is81VBZbe confirmed82VVNconfirm by83INby the84DTthe legislative85JJlegislative history86NNhistory ,87,, the88DTthe statute89NNstatute overruled90VVDoverrule cases91NNScase that92WDTthat made93VVDmake the94DTthe Register95NPRegister a96DTa gatekeeper97NNgatekeeper to98TOto the99DTthe courthouse100NNcourthouse ,101,, and102CCand the103DTthe policy104NNpolicy of105INof the106DTthe statute107NNstatute ,108,, which109WDTwhich grants110VVZgrant exclusive111JJexclusive rights112NNSright upon113INupon fixation114NNfixation of115INof an116DTan original117JJoriginal work118NNwork ,119,, not120RBnot by121INby virtue122NNvirtue of123INof any124DTany administrative125JJadministrative action126NNaction .127SENT. And128CCand as129INas a130DTa matter131NNmatter of132INof ordinary133JJordinary language134NNlanguage ,135,, and136CCand in137INin the138DTthe Copyright139NPCopyright Act140NPAct 's141POS's lexicon142NNlexicon ,143,, registration144NNregistration can145MDcan refer146VVrefer to147TOto the148DTthe copyright149NNcopyright owner150NNowner 's151POS's effort152NNeffort to153TOto secure154VVsecure recordation155NNrecordation of156INof a157DTa claim158NNclaim and159CCand to160TOto the161DTthe Copyright162NPCopyright Office163NPOffice 's164POS's recordation165NNrecordation of166INof the167DTthe claim168NNclaim after169INafter examination170NNexamination .171SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]172LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Well173UHWell ,174,, but175CCbut as176RBas to177TOto that178DTthat ,179,, it180PPit seems181VVZseem to182TOto me183PPme one184CDone reason185NNreason the186DTthe case187NNcase is188VBZbe a189DTa little190RBlittle confusing191JJconfusing is192VBZbe that193IN/thatthat I194PPI think195VVPthink you196PPyou 're197VBPbe right198JJright ,199,, registration200NNregistration could201MDcould mean202VVmean either203RBeither .204SENT. But205CCbut ,206,, in207INin a208DTa situation209NNsituation where210WRBwhere you211PPyou 've212VHPhave got213VVNget a214DTa registrar215NNregistrar ,216,, it217PPit seems218VVZseem to219TOto me220PPme that221IN/thatthat the222DTthe most223RBSmost likely224JJlikely understanding225NNunderstanding of226INof "227``" registration228NNregistration "229''" is230VBZbe what231WPwhat that232DTthat person233NNperson does234VVZdo .235SENT. [MR. PANNER]236LOC[MR. PANNER] But237CCbut ,238,, Your239PP$your Honor240NPHonor ,241,, that242WDTthat 's243VBZbe not244RBnot the245DTthe way246NNway the247DTthe statute248NNstatute uses249VVZuse the250DTthe language251NNlanguage .252SENT. And253CCand in254INin Section255NPSection 411256CD@card@ (257(( c258LSc )259)) ,260,, the261DTthe ...262:... Section263NNsection 411264CD@card@ (265(( c266LSc )267)) expressly268RBexpressly says269VVZsay the270DTthe copyright271NNcopyright owner272NNowner makes273VVZmake registration274NNregistration .275SENT. In276INin Section277NPSection 412278CD@card@ (279(( 2280CD2 )281)) ,282,, there283EXthere 's284VBZbe agreement285NNagreement that286IN/thatthat when287WRBwhen it288PPit says289VVZsay "290``" registration291NNregistration is292VBZbe made293VVNmake ,294,, "295''" it296PPit 's297VBZbe referring298VVGrefer to299TOto the300DTthe action301NNaction of302INof the303DTthe copyright304NNcopyright owner305NNowner .306SENT. In307INin Section308NPSection 408309CD@card@ (310(( c311LSc )312)) ,313,, it314PPit refers315VVZrefer to316TOto registration317NNregistration has318VHZhave been319VBNbe made320VVNmake in321INin a322DTa context323NNcontext that324WDTthat ...325:... that326WDTthat necessarily327RBnecessarily refers328VVZrefer to329TOto the330DTthe action331NNaction of332INof the333DTthe copyright334NNcopyright owner335NNowner .336SENT. It337PPit says338VVZsay that339IN/thatthat registration340NNregistration may341MDmay be342VBbe made343VVNmake upon344INupon the345DTthe filing346NNfiling of347INof a348DTa single349JJsingle application350NNapplication and351CCand fee352NNfee .353SENT. And354CCand Section355NPSection 405356CD@card@ (357(( a358DTa )359)) refers360VVZrefer to361TOto registration362NNregistration for363INfor the364DTthe work365NNwork has366VHZhave been367VBNbe made368VVNmake within369INwithin five370CDfive years371NNSyear ,372,, which373WDTwhich again374RBagain strongly375RBstrongly suggests376VVZsuggest that377IN/thatthat it378PPit 's379VBZbe by380INby the381DTthe copyright382NNcopyright owner383NNowner .384SENT. In385INin Section386NPSection 405387CD@card@ (388(( b389LSb )390)) ,391,, again392RBagain ,393,, registration394NNregistration for395INfor the396DTthe work397NNwork has398VHZhave been399VBNbe made400VVNmake under401INunder Section402NPSection 408403CD@card@ .404SENT. So405RBso there406EXthere 's407VBZbe no408DTno question409NNquestion ,410,, I411PPI think412VVPthink ...413:... [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]414LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Well415UHWell ,416,, but417CCbut you418PPyou forgot419VVDforget the420DTthe second421JJsecond sentence422NNsentence of423INof 411424CD@card@ (425(( a426DTa )427)) ,428,, which429WDTwhich speaks430VVZspeak of431INof registration432NNregistration cannot433MDcan mean434VVmean when435WRBwhen the436DTthe applicant437NNapplicant applies438VVZapply because439INbecause it440PPit ...441:... it442PPit talks443VVZtalk about444INabout the445DTthe applicant446NNapplicant being447VBGbe able448JJable to449TOto take450VVtake action451NNaction when452WRBwhen registration453NNregistration has454VHZhave been455VBNbe refused456VVNrefuse or457CCor ,458,, I459PPI would460MDwould say461VVsay ,462,, when463WRBwhen registration464NNregistration has465VHZhave not466RBnot been467VBNbe made468VVNmake .469SENT. [MR. PANNER]470LOC[MR. PANNER] Well471UHWell ,472,, Your473PP$your Honor474NPHonor ,475,, I476PPI ...477:... I478PPI would479MDwould n't480RBn't say481VVsay when482WRBwhen registration483NNregistration has484VHZhave not485RBnot been486VBNbe made487VVNmake .488SENT. It489PPit 's490VBZbe when491WRBwhen registration492NNregistration has493VHZhave been494VBNbe refused495VVNrefuse .496SENT. And497CCand that498DTthat ...499:... and500CCand that501IN/thatthat language502NNlanguage is503VBZbe important504JJimportant .505SENT. And506CCand I507PPI think508VVPthink it509PPit 's510VBZbe important511JJimportant to512TOto stress513VVstress that514IN/thatthat our515PP$our position516NNposition is517VBZbe that518IN/thatthat registration519NNregistration refers520VVZrefer flexibly521RBflexibly to522TOto both523DTboth but524CCbut that525IN/thatthat the526DTthe phrase527NNphrase "528``" registration529NNregistration has530VHZhave been531VBNbe made532VVNmake "533``" consistently534RBconsistently refers535VVZrefer to536TOto the537DTthe action538NNaction of539INof the540DTthe copyright541NNcopyright owner542NNowner ,543,, and544CCand it545PPit makes546VVZmake sense547NNsense in548INin Section549NPSection 411550CD@card@ (551(( a552DTa )553)) itself554PPitself .555SENT. And556CCand if557INif you558PPyou look559VVPlook at560INat the561DTthe parallelism562NNparallelism in563INin the564DTthe structure565NNstructure ,566,, it567PPit talks568VVZtalk about569INabout registration570NNregistration having571VHGhave been572VBNbe made573VVNmake in574INin accordance575NNaccordance with576INwith the577DTthe title578NNtitle ,579,, and580CCand then581RBthen it582PPit says583VVZsay if584INif the585DTthe required586JJrequired deposit587NNdeposit ,588,, fee589NNfee ,590,, and591CCand application592NNapplication have593VHPhave been594VBNbe delivered595VVNdeliver ,596,, so597RBso ,598,, again599RBagain ,600,, the601DTthe action602NNaction of603INof the604DTthe copyright605NNcopyright owner606NNowner ,607,, but608CCbut registration609NNregistration has610VHZhave been611VBNbe refused612VVNrefuse ,613,, i614NPi .615SENT. e616LSe .617SENT. ,618,, the619DTthe registrar620NNregistrar has621VHZhave taken622VVNtake an623DTan action624NNaction that625WDTthat calls626VVZcall into627INinto question628NNquestion whether629INwhether the630DTthe registration631NNregistration has632VHZhave been633VBNbe made634VVNmake in635INin accordance636NNaccordance with637INwith the638DTthe title639NNtitle ,640,, the641DTthe case642NNcase can643MDcan still644RBstill proceed645VVproceed .646SENT. And647CCand so648RBso ...649:... [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]650LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] So651INso you652PPyou just653RBjust dismiss654VVPdismiss 410655RB@card@ (656(( d657LSd )658)) as659INas superfluous660JJsuperfluous ?661SENT? [MR. PANNER]662LOC[MR. PANNER] Not663RBnot at664INat all665DTall .666SENT. Section667NNsection 410668CD@card@ (669(( d670LSd )671)) provides672VVZprovide that673IN/thatthat the674DTthe effective675JJeffective date676NNdate of677INof registration678NNregistration is679VBZbe when680WRBwhen the681DTthe ...682:... the683DTthe application684NNapplication ,685,, fee686NNfee and687CCand deposit688NNdeposit have689VHPhave been690VBNbe received691VVNreceive in692INin a693DTa form694NNform that695WDTthat is696VBZbe acceptable697JJacceptable for698INfor registration699NNregistration as700RBas later701RBRlater determined702VVNdetermine ,703,, and704CCand this705DTthis is706VBZbe key707JJkey ,708,, by709INby the710DTthe office711NNoffice or712CCor by713INby a714DTa court715NNcourt .716SENT. So717INso Section718NPSection 410719CD@card@ (720(( d721LSd )722)) ,723,, I724PPI think725VVPthink ,726,, strongly727RBstrongly supports728VVZsupport our729PP$our position730NNposition because731INbecause it732PPit makes733VVZmake clear734JJclear that735IN/thatthat in736INin a737DTa case738NNcase where739WRBwhere there740EXthere may741MDmay be742VBbe a743DTa doubt744NNdoubt about745RBabout ...746:... perhaps747RBperhaps because748INbecause the749DTthe Register750NPRegister has751VHZhave not752RBnot yet753RByet acted754VVNact ,755,, if756INif there757EXthere 's758VBZbe some759DTsome question760NNquestion about761RBabout whether762INwhether registration763NNregistration has764VHZhave been765VBNbe made766VVNmake in767INin accordance768NNaccordance with769INwith the770DTthe title771NNtitle ,772,, the773DTthe court774NNcourt can775MDcan determine776VVdetermine that777DTthat question778NNquestion .779SENT. It780PPit can781MDcan also782RBalso determine783VVdetermine that784DTthat question785NNquestion in786INin a787DTa case788NNcase in789INin which790WDTwhich the791DTthe ...792:... [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]793LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] But794CCbut you795PPyou 've796VHPhave already797RBalready said798VVNsay registration799NNregistration has800VHZhave been801VBNbe made802VVNmake in803INin the804DTthe terms805NNSterm of806INof the807DTthe registrar808NNregistrar 's809POS's action810NNaction when811WRBwhen the812DTthe ...813:... the814DTthe applicant815NNapplicant applies816VVZapply .817SENT. [MR. PANNER]818LOC[MR. PANNER] Not819RBnot ...820:... not821RBnot in822INin ...823:... to824TOto be825VBbe clear826JJclear ,827,, Your828PP$your Honor829NPHonor ,830,, "831``" registration832NNregistration has833VHZhave been834VBNbe made835VVNmake "836''" in837INin the838DTthe statute839NNstatute refers840VVZrefer to841TOto the842DTthe copyright843NNcopyright owner844NNowner 's845POS's compliance846NNcompliance with847INwith Section848NPSection 408849CD@card@ (850(( a851DTa )852)) ,853,, which854WDTwhich says855VVZsay that856DTthat registration857NNregistration may858MDmay be859VBbe obtained860VVNobtain upon861INupon the862DTthe submission863NNsubmission of864INof the865DTthe required866JJrequired application867NNapplication ,868,, deposit869NNdeposit ,870,, and871CCand fee872NNfee .873SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]874LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Do875VVPdo you876PPyou drive877VVdrive without878INwithout a879DTa driver880NNdriver 's881POS's license882NNlicense when883WRBwhen yours884PP$yours has885VHZhave expired886VVNexpire because887INbecause you888PPyou wrote889VVDwrite in890INin to891TOto the892DTthe registry893NNregistry of894INof motor895NNmotor vehicles896NNSvehicle but897CCbut they898PPthey have899VHPhave n't900RBn't yet901RByet licensed902VVNlicense you903PPyou ?904SENT? [MR. PANNER]905LOC[MR. PANNER] Well906UHWell ,907,, Your908PP$your Honor909NPHonor ...910:... [JUSTICE BREYER]911LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Can912MDcan you913PPyou change914VVchange your915PP$your sewer916NNsewer in917INin the918DTthe house919NNhouse with920INwith a921DTa man922NNman who923WPwho has924VHZhave not925RBnot gotten926VVNget the927DTthe approval928NNapproval from929INfrom the930DTthe local931JJlocal public932JJpublic health933NNhealth authority934NNauthority under935INunder a936DTa statute937NNstatute that938WDTthat says939VVZsay you940PPyou have941VHPhave to942TOto have943VHhave a944DTa registered945JJregistered ...946:... you947PPyou have948VHPhave to949TOto have950VHhave a951DTa ...952:... an953DTan approved954VVNapprove plumber955NNplumber because956INbecause he957PPhe wrote958VVDwrite in959INin and960CCand asked961VVDask for962INfor one963CDone ?964SENT? I965PPI mean966VVPmean ,967,, I968PPI can969MDcan 't970RB't think971VVPthink of972INof examples973NNSexample ...974:... I975PPI 'm976VBPbe trying977VVGtry to978TOto ...979:... where980WRBwhere ...981:... where982WRBwhere ...983:... where984WRBwhere there985EXthere 's986VBZbe something987NNsomething roughly988RBroughly comparable989JJcomparable and990CCand the991DTthe statute992NNstatute is993VBZbe interpreted994VVNinterpret the995DTthe way996NNway you997PPyou want998VVPwant .999SENT. Maybe1000RBmaybe you1001PPyou 've1002VHPhave been1003VBNbe able1004JJable to1005TOto think1006VVthink of1007INof some1008DTsome ,1009,, which1010WDTwhich you1011PPyou probably1012RBprobably have1013VHPhave .1014SENT. [MR. PANNER]1015LOC[MR. PANNER] Well1016UHwell ,1017,, I1018PPI think1019VVPthink that1020IN/thatthat ,1021,, Your1022PP$your Honor1023NPHonor ,1024,, there1025EXthere 's1026VBZbe a1027DTa couple1028NNcouple of1029INof cases1030NNScase ,1031,, there1032EXthere 's1033VBZbe a1034DTa couple1035NNcouple of1036INof statutes1037NNSstatute that1038WDTthat were1039VBDbe cited1040VVNcite in1041INin the1042DTthe amicus1043NNamicus brief1044NNbrief of1045INof the1046DTthe music1047NNmusic publishers1048NNSpublisher that1049WDTthat refer1050VVPrefer to1051TOto the1052DTthe fact1053NNfact that1054IN/thatthat registration1055NNregistration is1056VBZbe upon1057INupon the1058DTthe ...1059:... that1060IN/thatthat registration1061NNregistration is1062VBZbe made1063VVNmake when1064WRBwhen the1065DTthe ...1066:... the1067DTthe ...1068:... [JUSTICE BREYER]1069LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] They1070PPthey say1071VVPsay that1072IN/thatthat specifically1073RBspecifically ?1074SENT? [MR. PANNER]1075LOC[MR. PANNER] But1076CCbut ,1077,, Your1078PP$your Honor1079NPHonor ,1080,, the1081DTthe point1082NNpoint here1083RBhere is1084VBZbe that1085IN/thatthat the1086DTthe text1087NNtext of1088INof the1089DTthe statute1090NNstatute likewise1091RBlikewise makes1092VVZmake clear1093JJclear that1094IN/thatthat registration1095NNregistration is1096VBZbe made1097VVNmake upon1098INupon the1099DTthe submission1100NNsubmission of1101INof the1102DTthe materials1103NNSmaterial .1104SENT. And1105CCand we1106PPwe gave1107VVDgive the1108DTthe ...1109:... we1110PPwe gave1111VVDgive the1112DTthe analogy1113NNanalogy to1114TOto a1115DTa ...1116:... a1117DTa college1118NNcollege student1119NNstudent who1120WPwho registers1121VVZregister for1122INfor a1123DTa class1124NNclass .1125SENT. One1126PPone would1127MDwould say1128VVsay that1129IN/thatthat he1130PPhe has1131VHZhave made1132VVNmake his1133PP$his registration1134NNregistration ,1135,, he1136PPhe 's1137VBZbe registered1138VVNregister for1139INfor the1140DTthe class1141NNclass ,1142,, but1143CCbut ,1144,, nevertheless1145RBnevertheless ,1146,, the1147DTthe registrar1148NNregistrar might1149MDmight say1150VVsay the1151DTthe class1152NNclass is1153VBZbe full1154JJfull ,1155,, you1156PPyou 're1157VBPbe not1158RBnot going1159VVGgo to1160TOto be1161VBbe admitted1162VVNadmit to1163TOto it1164PPit ,1165,, and1166CCand now1167RBnow the1168DTthe registration1169NNregistration has1170VHZhave been1171VBNbe refused1172VVNrefuse .1173SENT. And1174CCand this1175DTthis Court1176NPCourt has1177VHZhave repeatedly1178RBrepeatedly referred1179VVNrefer to1180TOto the1181DTthe fact1182NNfact that1183IN/thatthat a1184DTa copyright1185NNcopyright owner1186NNowner makes1187VVZmake registration1188NNregistration in1189INin the1190DTthe case1191NNcase ...1192:... [JUSTICE BREYER]1193LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Have1194VHPhave you1195PPyou registered1196VVNregister for1197INfor the1198DTthe class1199NNclass when1200WRBwhen you1201PPyou 've1202VHPhave mailed1203VVNmail it1204PPit in1205INin ,1206,, but1207CCbut the1208DTthe professor1209NNprofessor has1210VHZhave n't1211RBn't gotten1212VVNget it1213PPit ?1214SENT? [MR. PANNER]1215LOC[MR. PANNER] Well1216UHWell ,1217,, Your1218PP$your Honor1219NPHonor ,1220,, this1221DTthis ...1222:... in1223INin this1224DTthis statute1225NNstatute ,1226,, it1227PPit says1228VVZsay that1229IN/thatthat registration1230NNregistration is1231VBZbe made1232VVNmake if1233INif ...1234:... and1235CCand this1236DTthis is1237VBZbe in1238INin Section1239NPSection 4101240CD@card@ (1241(( d1242LSd )1243)) .1244SENT. It1245PPit answers1246VVZanswer the1247DTthe question1248NNquestion .1249SENT. It1250PPit says1251VVZsay when1252WRBwhen they1253PPthey 've1254VHPhave been1255VBNbe received1256VVNreceive by1257INby the1258DTthe Copyright1259NPCopyright Office1260NPOffice .1261SENT. So1262INso the1263DTthe question1264NNquestion about1265RBabout whether1266INwhether it1267PPit 's1268VBZbe the1269DTthe mailbox1270NNmailbox rule1271NNrule or1272CCor received1273VVDreceive by1274INby the1275DTthe Copyright1276NPCopyright Office1277NPOffice is1278VBZbe actually1279RBactually addressed1280VVNaddress in1281INin the1282DTthe statute1283NNstatute .1284SENT. But1285CCbut ,1286,, again1287RBagain ,1288,, the1289DTthe ...1290:... the1291DTthe term1292NNterm "1293``" registration1294NNregistration "1295''" has1296VHZhave that1297DTthat flexibility1298NNflexibility built1299VVNbuild into1300INinto it1301PPit .1302SENT. And1303CCand I1304PPI think1305VVPthink it1306PPit 's1307VBZbe important1308JJimportant to1309TOto understand1310VVunderstand the1311DTthe context1312NNcontext in1313INin which1314WDTwhich Congress1315NPCongress was1316VBDbe acting1317VVGact when1318WRBwhen it1319PPit adopted1320VVDadopt Section1321NPSection 4111322CD@card@ (1323(( a1324DTa )1325)) in1326INin 19761327CD@card@ .1328SENT. It1329PPit was1330VBDbe aware1331JJaware of1332INof the1333DTthe Vacheron1334NPVacheron decision1335NNdecision ,1336,, and1337CCand it1338PPit was1339VBDbe aware1340JJaware of1341INof Chief1342NPChief Judge1343NPJudge Clark1344NPClark 's1345POS's dissent1346NNdissent in1347INin which1348WDTwhich he1349PPhe made1350VVDmake this1351DTthis very1352JJvery point1353NNpoint ,1354,, which1355WDTwhich is1356VBZbe that1357IN/thatthat it1358PPit does1359VVZdo n't1360RBn't make1361VVmake sense1362NNsense to1363TOto read1364VVread "1365``" registration1366NNregistration "1367''" as1368INas requiring1369VVGrequire affirmative1370JJaffirmative administrative1371JJadministrative action1372NNaction when1373WRBwhen the1374DTthe rights1375NNSright that1376WDTthat exist1377VVPexist ,1378,, the1379DTthe exclusive1380JJexclusive right1381NNright does1382VVZdo not1383RBnot depend1384VVdepend ...1385:... it1386PPit 's1387VBZbe not1388RBnot like1389INlike the1390DTthe Patent1391NPPatent Office1392NPOffice .1393SENT. It1394PPit 's1395VBZbe not1396RBnot a1397DTa situation1398NNsituation in1399INin which1400WDTwhich the1401DTthe administrative1402JJadministrative body1403NNbody has1404VHZhave the1405DTthe authority1406NNauthority to1407TOto grant1408VVgrant exclusive1409JJexclusive rights1410NNSright and1411CCand that1412IN/thatthat the1413DTthe exclusive1414JJexclusive rights1415NNSright do1416VVPdo n't1417RBn't exist1418VVexist until1419INuntil there1420EXthere 's1421VBZbe that1422DTthat action1423NNaction .1424SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1425LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Could1426MDcould you1427PPyou tell1428VVtell me1429PPme as1430INas a1431DTa matter1432NNmatter of1433INof fact1434NNfact when1435WRBwhen is1436VBZbe the1437DTthe copyright1438NNcopyright registration1439NNregistration published1440VVNpublish ?1441SENT? [MR. PANNER]1442LOC[MR. PANNER] The1443DTthe copyright1444NNcopyright ,1445,, under1446INunder current1447JJcurrent ...1448:... under1449INunder the1450DTthe current1451JJcurrent procedure1452NNprocedure ,1453,, the1454DTthe copyright1455NNcopyright application1456NNapplication becomes1457VVZbecome publicly1458RBpublicly available1459JJavailable when1460WRBwhen it1461PPit 's1462VBZbe ...1463:... after1464INafter it1465PPit 's1466VBZbe granted1467VVNgrant .1468SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1469LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] And1470CCand so1471RBso it1472PPit seems1473VVZseem illogical1474JJillogical to1475TOto think1476VVthink that1477IN/thatthat you1478PPyou 're1479VBPbe going1480VVGgo to1481TOto get1482VVget rights1483NNSright against1484INagainst the1485DTthe third-party1486JJthird-party who1487WPwho 's1488VBZbe not1489RBnot on1490INon notice1491NNnotice that1492IN/thatthat your1493PP$your copyright1494NNcopyright has1495VHZhave been1496VBNbe registered1497VVNregister because1498INbecause it1499PPit 's1500VBZbe not1501RBnot public1502JJpublic .1503SENT. [MR. PANNER]1504LOC[MR. PANNER] Right1505NPRight .1506SENT. I1507PPI just1508RBjust want1509VVPwant to1510TOto ...1511:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1512LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] There's1513NPThere's ...1514:... [MR. PANNER]1515LOC[MR. PANNER] ...1516:... I1517PPI want1518VVPwant to1519TOto address1520VVaddress that1521IN/thatthat as1522RBas strongly1523RBstrongly as1524INas I1525PPI can1526MDcan .1527SENT. It1528PPit 's1529VBZbe just1530RBjust not1531RBnot right1532JJright .1533SENT. The1534DTthe ...1535:... the1536DTthe right1537NNright to1538TOto exclude1539VVexclude exists1540VVZexist by1541INby virtue1542NNvirtue of1543INof the1544DTthe creation1545NNcreation of1546INof an1547DTan original1548JJoriginal work1549NNwork and1550CCand its1551PP$its fixation1552NNfixation in1553INin a1554DTa medium1555NNmedium from1556INfrom which1557WDTwhich it1558PPit can1559MDcan be1560VBbe perceived1561VVNperceive .1562SENT. That1563DTthat gives1564VVZgive the1565DTthe author1566NNauthor the1567DTthe right1568NNright ,1569,, the1570DTthe copyright1571NNcopyright owner1572NNowner the1573DTthe right1574NNright to1575TOto exclude1576VVexclude .1577SENT. There1578EXthere 's1579VBZbe no1580DTno question1581NNquestion about1582INabout that1583DTthat .1584SENT. That1585DTthat has1586VHZhave nothing1587NNnothing to1588TOto do1589VVdo with1590INwith notice1591NNnotice .1592SENT. Notice1593NNnotice is1594VBZbe not1595RBnot required1596VVNrequire under1597INunder the1598DTthe current1599JJcurrent statute1600NNstatute .1601SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1602LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But1603CCbut it1604PPit is1605VBZbe in1606INin terms1607NNSterm of1608INof ...1609:... well1610UHwell ,1611,, that1612WDTthat begs1613VVZbeg the1614DTthe question1615NNquestion .1616SENT. [MR. PANNER]1617LOC[MR. PANNER] And1618CCand on1619INon ...1620:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1621LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But1622CCbut you1623PPyou can1624MDcan 't1625RB't ...1626:... you1627PPyou ...1628:... you1629PPyou ...1630:... [MR. PANNER]1631LOC[MR. PANNER] If1632INif I1633PPI may1634MDmay .1635SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1636LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...1637:... you1638PPyou can1639MDcan 't1640RB't pursue1641VVpursue a1642DTa suit1643NNsuit unless1644INunless the1645DTthe registration1646NNregistration is1647VBZbe accepted1648VVNaccept ?1649SENT? [MR. PANNER]1650LOC[MR. PANNER] But1651CCbut ...1652:... no1653UHno .1654SENT. No1655UHNo ,1656,, Your1657PP$your Honor1658NPHonor .1659SENT. Section1660NNsection 41661CD4 ...1662:... in1663INin fact1664NNfact ,1665,, there1666EXthere 's1667VBZbe no1668DTno question1669NNquestion that1670IN/thatthat you1671PPyou can1672MDcan pursue1673VVpursue a1674DTa suit1675NNsuit ,1676,, whether1677INwhether or1678CCor not1679RBnot the1680DTthe registration1681NNregistration is1682VBZbe accepted1683VVNaccept .1684SENT. Under1685INunder Section1686NPSection 41687CD4 ...1688:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1689LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Yes1690NPYes ,1691,, you1692PPyou 're1693VBPbe right1694JJright .1695SENT. [MR. PANNER]1696LOC[MR. PANNER] Okay1697NPOkay .1698SENT. So1699RBso ...1700:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1701LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Because1702INbecause the1703DTthe ...1704:... [MR. PANNER]1705LOC[MR. PANNER] And1706CCand the1707DTthe other1708JJother thing1709NNthing that1710WDTthat 's1711VBZbe ...1712:... that1713WDTthat 's1714VBZbe important1715JJimportant to1716TOto understand1717VVunderstand ,1718,, and1719CCand this1720DTthis is1721VBZbe ,1722,, I1723PPI think1724VVPthink ,1725,, critical1726JJcritical ,1727,, the1728DTthe government1729NNgovernment concedes1730VVZconcede that1731IN/thatthat the1732DTthe enhanced1733JJenhanced statutory1734JJstatutory remedies1735NNSremedy that1736WDTthat are1737VBPbe available1738JJavailable for1739INfor infringement1740NNinfringement after1741INafter a1742DTa work1743NNwork has1744VHZhave been1745VBNbe registered1746VVNregister are1747VBPbe available1748JJavailable if1749INif the1750DTthe registration1751NNregistration ,1752,, the1753DTthe application1754NNapplication ,1755,, deposit1756NNdeposit ,1757,, and1758CCand fee1759NNfee have1760VHPhave been1761VBNbe submitted1762VVNsubmit .1763SENT. If1764INif the1765DTthe applicant1766NNapplicant has1767VHZhave made1768VVNmake registration1769NNregistration ,1770,, that1771WDTthat is1772VBZbe enough1773JJenough to1774TOto satisfy1775VVsatisfy 4121776CD@card@ (1777(( 21778CD2 )1779)) .1780SENT. And1781CCand they1782PPthey say1783VVPsay that1784IN/thatthat that1785DTthat 's1786VBZbe true1787JJtrue because1788INbecause the1789DTthe effective1790JJeffective date1791NNdate of1792INof registration1793NNregistration is1794VBZbe the1795DTthe date1796NNdate on1797INon which1798WDTwhich those1799DTthose ...1800:... Section1801NNsection 4081802CD@card@ (1803(( a1804DTa )1805)) has1806VHZhave been1807VBNbe complied1808VVNcomply with1809INwith .1810SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]1811LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Well1812UHWell ,1813,, that1814WDTthat 's1815VBZbe enough1816RBenough assuming1817VVGassume that1818IN/thatthat the1819DTthe registrar1820NNregistrar has1821VHZhave registered1822VVNregister the1823DTthe mark1824NNmark .1825SENT. It1826PPit 's1827VBZbe just1828RBjust a1829DTa question1830NNquestion of1831INof whether1832INwhether you1833PPyou go1834VVPgo back1835RBback to1836TOto start1837VVstart counting1838VVGcount the1839DTthe damages1840NNSdamage .1841SENT. [MR. PANNER]1842LOC[MR. PANNER] Again1843NPAgain ,1844,, the1845DTthe registrar1846NNregistrar does1847VVZdo not1848RBnot have1849VHhave to1850TOto register1851VVregister the1852DTthe mark1853NNmark .1854SENT. The1855DTthe ...1856:... the1857DTthe ...1858:... not1859RBnot the1860DTthe mark1861NNmark ,1862,, the1863DTthe copyright1864NNcopyright .1865SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]1866LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Well1867UHwell ,1868,, you1869PPyou 're1870VBPbe not1871RBnot entitled1872VVNentitle to1873TOto the1874DTthe special1875JJspecial benefits1876NNSbenefit under1877INunder the1878DTthe Act1879NPAct until1880INuntil the1881DTthe registrar1882NNregistrar has1883VHZhave ,1884,, right1885RBright ?1886SENT? [MR. PANNER]1887LOC[MR. PANNER] No1888NPNo .1889SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]1890LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] It1891PPit just1892RBjust goes1893VVZgo ...1894:... it1895PPit goes1896VVZgo back1897RBback ...1898:... in1899INin terms1900NNSterm of1901INof when1902WRBwhen you1903PPyou start1904VVPstart calculating1905VVGcalculate it1906PPit ,1907,, it1908PPit may1909MDmay go1910VVgo back1911RBback .1912SENT. [MR. PANNER]1913LOC[MR. PANNER] No1914NPNo ,1915,, Your1916PP$your Honor1917NPHonor .1918SENT. Section1919NNsection ...1920:... [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]1921LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] So1922INso you1923PPyou could1924MDcould go1925VVgo back1926RBback ,1927,, the1928DTthe registrar1929NNregistrar has1930VHZhave n't1931RBn't even1932RBeven registered1933VVNregister the1934DTthe mark1935NNmark ,1936,, and1937CCand you1938PPyou can1939MDcan go1940VVgo into1941INinto court1942NNcourt and1943CCand say1944VVsay ,1945,, hey1946UHhey ,1947,, I1948PPI get1949VVPget the1950DTthe benefits1951NNSbenefit of1952INof having1953VHGhave registered1954VVNregister my1955PP$my mark1956NNmark ?1957SENT? [MR. PANNER]1958LOC[MR. PANNER] The1959DTthe copyright1960NNcopyright claim1961NNclaim ,1962,, yes1963UHyes ,1964,, Your1965PP$your Honor1966NPHonor .1967SENT. That1968DTthat 's1969VBZbe what1970WPwhat Section1971NPSection 4101972CD@card@ (1973(( d1974LSd )1975)) says1976VVZsay .1977SENT. Section1978NNsection 4101979CD@card@ (1980(( d1981LSd )1982)) says1983VVZsay the1984DTthe effective1985JJeffective date1986NNdate of1987INof registration1988NNregistration is1989VBZbe the1990DTthe date1991NNdate on1992INon which1993WDTwhich the1994DTthe required1995JJrequired application1996NNapplication ,1997,, deposit1998NNdeposit ,1999,, and2000CCand fee2001NNfee have2002VHPhave been2003VBNbe received2004VVNreceive in2005INin a2006DTa form2007NNform acceptable2008JJacceptable for2009INfor registration2010NNregistration .2011SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]2012LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Yeah2013NPYeah ,2014,, but2015CCbut maybe2016RBmaybe I2017PPI 'm2018VBPbe just2019RBjust missing2020VVGmiss the2021DTthe point2022NNpoint ,2023,, or2024CCor one2025CDone of2026INof us2027PPus .2028SENT. I2029PPI mean2030VVPmean ,2031,, you2032PPyou have2033VHPhave to2034TOto at2035INat least2036JJSleast had2037VHDhave it2038PPit registered2039VVNregister ,2040,, accepted2041VVNaccept by2042INby the2043DTthe registrar2044NNregistrar .2045SENT. Otherwise2046RBotherwise ,2047,, how2048WRBhow do2049VVPdo you2050PPyou know2051VVPknow that2052IN/thatthat you2053PPyou 're2054VBPbe entitled2055VVNentitle to2056TOto those2057DTthose benefits2058NNSbenefit ?2059SENT? [MR. PANNER]2060LOC[MR. PANNER] Your2061PP$your Honor2062NPHonor ,2063,, because2064INbecause the2065DTthe question2066NNquestion of2067INof registrability2068NNregistrability can2069MDcan be2070VBbe determined2071VVNdetermine by2072INby a2073DTa court2074NNcourt in2075INin that2076DTthat litigation2077NNlitigation .2078SENT. That2079DTthat 's2080VBZbe what2081WPwhat Section2082NPSection 4102083CD@card@ (2084(( d2085LSd )2086)) says2087VVZsay .2088SENT. And2089CCand ,2090,, again2091RBagain ,2092,, in2093INin the2094DTthe vast2095JJvast majority2096NNmajority ,2097,, as2098INas a2099DTa practical2100JJpractical matter2101NNmatter ,2102,, in2103INin the2104DTthe vast2105JJvast majority2106NNmajority of2107INof cases2108NNScase ,2109,, registration2110NNregistration is2111VBZbe ...2112:... is2113VBZbe essentially2114RBessentially a2115DTa ministerial2116JJministerial question2117NNquestion of2118INof submission2119NNsubmission of2120INof the2121DTthe application2122NNapplication ,2123,, deposit2124NNdeposit ,2125,, and2126CCand fee2127NNfee .2128SENT. Think2129VVthink about2130RBabout if2131INif you2132PPyou have2133VHPhave a2134DTa magazine2135NNmagazine article2136NNarticle or2137CCor a2138DTa book2139NNbook or2140CCor a2141DTa piece2142NNpiece of2143INof music2144NNmusic ,2145,, you2146PPyou know2147VVPknow ,2148,, a2149DTa piece2150NNpiece of2151INof sheet2152NNsheet music2153NNmusic that2154WDTthat is2155VBZbe being2156VBGbe registered2157VVNregister .2158SENT. Those2159DTthose things2160NNSthing are2161VBPbe submitted2162VVNsubmit .2163SENT. They2164PPthey are2165VBPbe registered2166VVNregister as2167INas a2168DTa matter2169NNmatter of2170INof course2171NNcourse .2172SENT. Under2173INunder the2174DTthe ...2175:... under2176INunder current2177JJcurrent procedures2178NNSprocedure ,2179,, it2180PPit can2181MDcan take2182VVtake many2183JJmany months2184NNSmonth ,2185,, but2186CCbut it2187PPit 's2188VBZbe going2189VVGgo to2190TOto be2191VBbe registered2192VVNregister as2193INas a2194DTa matter2195NNmatter of2196INof course2197NNcourse .2198SENT. And2199CCand ,2200,, again2201RBagain ,2202,, the2203DTthe right2204NNright to2205TOto exclude2206VVexclude ...2207:... everybody2208NNeverybody agrees2209VVZagree ,2210,, Your2211PP$your Honor2212NPHonor ,2213,, that2214IN/thatthat when2215WRBwhen those2216DTthose materials2217NNSmaterial are2218VBPbe submitted2219VVNsubmit in2220INin a2221DTa form2222NNform acceptable2223JJacceptable for2224INfor registration2225NNregistration ,2226,, that2227WDTthat is2228VBZbe the2229DTthe effective2230JJeffective date2231NNdate of2232INof registration2233NNregistration ,2234,, even2235RBeven if2236INif the2237DTthe registrar2238NNregistrar acts2239VVZact a2240DTa year2241NNyear later2242RBRlater .2243SENT. And2244CCand so2245RBso precisely2246RBprecisely ...2247:... [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]2248LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Well2249UHWell ,2250,, that2251WDTthat 's2252VBZbe just2253RBjust 4102254RB@card@ (2255(( d2256LSd )2257)) that2258WDTthat says2259VVZsay that2260DTthat ?2261SENT? [MR. PANNER]2262LOC[MR. PANNER] And2263CCand ...2264:... but2265CCbut everybody2266NNeverybody agrees2267VVZagree that2268IN/thatthat that2269DTthat 's2270VBZbe what2271WPwhat 4122272JJ@card@ (2273(( 22274CD2 )2275)) ,2276,, which2277WDTwhich refers2278VVZrefer to2279TOto ...2280:... which2281WDTwhich preserves2282VVZpreserve certain2283JJcertain statutory2284JJstatutory remedies2285NNSremedy ,2286,, if2287INif registration2288NNregistration is2289VBZbe made2290VVNmake within2291INwithin three2292CDthree months2293NNSmonth after2294INafter publication2295NNpublication ,2296,, that2297WDTthat 's2298VBZbe ...2299:... everyone2300NNeveryone agrees2301VVZagree that2302IN/thatthat that2303DTthat 's2304VBZbe what2305WPwhat 4122306CD@card@ (2307(( 22308LS2 )2309)) means2310VVZmean as2311RBas well2312RBwell .2313SENT. It2314PPit 's2315VBZbe clearly2316RBclearly what2317WPwhat Section2318NPSection 4112319CD@card@ (2320(( c2321LSc )2322)) ,2323,, which2324WDTwhich ,2325,, for2326INfor what2327WPwhat it2328PPit 's2329VBZbe worth2330JJworth ,2331,, was2332VBDbe adopted2333VVNadopt as2334INas Section2335NPSection 4112336CD@card@ (2337(( b2338LSb )2339)) immediately2340RBimmediately after2341INafter 4112342CD@card@ (2343(( a2344DTa )2345)) ,2346,, everybody2347NNeverybody agrees2348VVZagree that2349DTthat ...2350:... I2351PPI ...2352:... I2353PPI should2354MDshould n't2355RBn't say2356VVsay the2357DTthe Respondent2358NNrespondent agrees2359VVZagree with2360INwith that2361DTthat .2362SENT. The2363DTthe government2364NNgovernment agrees2365VVZagree that2366IN/thatthat that2367DTthat 's2368VBZbe what2369WPwhat Section2370NPSection 4112371CD@card@ (2372(( c2373LSc )2374)) means2375VVZmean .2376SENT. And2377CCand so2378RBso I2379PPI do2380VVPdo think2381VVthink that2382IN/thatthat what2383WPwhat ...2384:... that2385IN/thatthat when2386WRBwhen you2387PPyou 're2388VBPbe thinking2389VVGthink about2390INabout what2391WPwhat has2392VHZhave to2393TOto happen2394VVhappen ,2395,, the2396DTthe Copyright2397NPCopyright Office2398NPOffice is2399VBZbe not2400RBnot the2401DTthe Patent2402NPPatent Office2403NPOffice .2404SENT. It2405PPit does2406VVZdo not2407RBnot grant2408VVgrant exclusive2409JJexclusive rights2410NNSright that2411WDTthat do2412VVPdo n't2413RBn't exist2414VVexist before2415INbefore the2416DTthe Copyright2417NPCopyright Office2418NPOffice acts2419VVZact .2420SENT. The2421DTthe exclusive2422JJexclusive rights2423NNSright exist2424VVPexist .2425SENT. There2426EXthere is2427VBZbe a2428DTa requirement2429NNrequirement to2430TOto register2431VVregister .2432SENT. The2433DTthe copyright2434NNcopyright owner2435NNowner has2436VHZhave to2437TOto register2438VVregister before2439INbefore suing2440VVGsue .2441SENT. But2442CCbut there2443EXthere 's2444VBZbe no2445DTno requirement2446NNrequirement ,2447,, and2448CCand the2449DTthe statute2450NNstatute does2451VVZdo n't2452RBn't say2453VVsay ,2454,, that2455IN/thatthat the2456DTthe Copyright2457NPCopyright Office2458NPOffice has2459VHZhave to2460TOto act2461VVact first2462JJfirst .2463SENT. And2464CCand there2465EXthere 's2466VBZbe no2467DTno reason2468NNreason that2469IN/thatthat it2470PPit should2471MDshould .2472SENT. It2473PPit 's2474VBZbe a2475DTa ...2476:... again2477RBagain ,2478,, the2479DTthe right2480NNright to2481TOto exclude2482VVexclude in2483INin the2484DTthe statute2485NNstatute is2486VBZbe built2487VVNbuild around2488INaround the2489DTthe fact2490NNfact that2491IN/thatthat an2492DTan author2493NNauthor has2494VHZhave fixed2495VVNfix an2496DTan expression2497NNexpression in2498INin a2499DTa tangible2500JJtangible medium2501NNmedium .2502SENT. And2503CCand once2504RBonce they2505PPthey have2506VHPhave submitted2507VVNsubmit the2508DTthe required2509JJrequired application2510NNapplication ,2511,, deposit2512NNdeposit ,2513,, and2514CCand fee2515NNfee under2516INunder Section2517NPSection 4082518CD@card@ (2519(( a2520DTa )2521)) ,2522,, they2523PPthey have2524VHPhave registered2525VVNregister .2526SENT. They2527PPthey have2528VHPhave taken2529VVNtake care2530NNcare of2531INof that2532DTthat procedural2533JJprocedural hurdle2534NNhurdle so2535RBso that2536IN/thatthat they2537PPthey can2538MDcan then2539RBthen bring2540VVbring their2541PP$their lawsuit2542NNlawsuit and2543CCand get2544VVget relief2545NNrelief .2546SENT. 22547CD2 Now2548RBnow ,2549,, in2550INin many2551JJmany cases2552NNScase ,2553,, the2554DTthe Copyright2555NPCopyright Office2556NPOffice may2557MDmay grant2558VVgrant the2559DTthe registration2560NNregistration while2561INwhile that2562WDTthat is2563VBZbe pending2564VVGpend ,2565,, and2566CCand ...2567:... but2568CCbut ,2569,, in2570INin any2571DTany event2572NNevent ,2573,, if2574INif there2575EXthere 's2576VBZbe a2577DTa question2578NNquestion about2579INabout that2580DTthat ,2581,, it2582PPit can2583MDcan be2584VBbe dealt2585VVNdeal with2586INwith .2587SENT. As2588INas a2589DTa practical2590JJpractical matter2591NNmatter ,2592,, that2593WDTthat 's2594VBZbe almost2595RBalmost never2596RBnever going2597VVGgo to2598TOto happen2599VVhappen ,2600,, and2601CCand that2602DTthat 's2603VBZbe very2604RBvery important2605JJimportant to2606TOto recognize2607VVrecognize ,2608,, is2609VBZbe that2610IN/thatthat if2611INif the2612DTthe Court2613NPCourt rules2614NNSrule ...2615:... if2616INif the2617DTthe Court2618NPCourt affirms2619VVZaffirm the2620DTthe Eleventh2621JJeleventh Circuit2622NNcircuit ,2623,, it2624PPit will2625MDwill create2626VVcreate major2627JJmajor problems2628NNSproblem for2629INfor copyright2630NNcopyright owners2631NNSowner .2632SENT. That2633DTthat 's2634VBZbe why2635WRBwhy the2636DTthe copyright2637NNcopyright community2638NNcommunity has2639VHZhave unanimously2640RBunanimously come2641VVNcome in2642INin to2643TOto say2644VVsay that2645IN/thatthat this2646DTthis Court2647NNcourt should2648MDshould ...2649:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]2650LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Mr2651NPMr .2652SENT. Panner2653NPPanner ,2654,, describe2655VVPdescribe ...2656:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]2657LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Mr2658NPMr .2659SENT. Panner2660NPPanner ,2661,, I2662PPI ...2663:... I2664PPI ...2665:... I2666PPI understand2667VVPunderstand some2668DTsome of2669INof the2670DTthe policy2671NNpolicy arguments2672NNSargument that2673IN/thatthat you2674PPyou have2675VHPhave on2676INon your2677PP$your side2678NNside ,2679,, but2680CCbut ,2681,, I2682PPI mean2683VVPmean ,2684,, the2685DTthe question2686NNquestion is2687VBZbe whether2688INwhether the2689DTthe text2690NNtext can2691MDcan ...2692:... can2693MDcan ...2694:... can2695MDcan be2696VBbe looked2697VVNlook at2698INat that2699DTthat way2700NNway .2701SENT. And2702CCand I2703PPI 'll2704MDwill just2705RBjust go2706VVgo back2707RBback to2708TOto where2709WRBwhere the2710DTthe Chief2711NPChief Justice2712NPJustice started2713VVDstart ,2714,, which2715WDTwhich is2716VBZbe this2717DTthis passage2718NNpassage in2719INin 4112720CD@card@ (2721(( a2722DTa )2723)) .2724SENT. And2725CCand you2726PPyou have2727VHPhave these2728DTthese two2729CDtwo sentences2730NNSsentence ,2731,, and2732CCand the2733DTthe first2734JJfirst sentence2735NNsentence is2736VBZbe registration2737NNregistration has2738VHZhave been2739VBNbe made2740VVNmake ,2741,, and2742CCand the2743DTthe second2744JJsecond sentence2745NNsentence is2746VBZbe registration2747NNregistration has2748VHZhave been2749VBNbe refused2750VVNrefuse ,2751,, and2752CCand they2753PPthey 're2754VBPbe connected2755VVNconnect by2756INby a2757DTa "2758``" however2759RBhowever .2760SENT. "2761''" So2762RBso ,2763,, you2764PPyou know2765VVPknow ,2766,, to2767TOto me2768PPme ,2769,, you2770PPyou have2771VHPhave these2772DTthese two2773CDtwo sentences2774NNSsentence ,2775,, they2776PPthey 're2777VBPbe in2778INin total2779JJtotal proximity2780NNproximity .2781SENT. They2782PPthey 're2783VBPbe both2784CCboth framed2785VVNframe in2786INin the2787DTthe passive2788JJpassive voice2789NNvoice .2790SENT. "2791``" Registration2792NNregistration has2793VHZhave been2794VBNbe refused2795VVNrefuse "2796''" is2797VBZbe clearly2798RBclearly registration2799NNregistration has2800VHZhave been2801VBNbe refused2802VVNrefuse by2803INby the2804DTthe Register2805NPRegister ,2806,, not2807RBnot by2808INby the2809DTthe holder2810NNholder .2811SENT. And2812CCand so2813RBso it2814PPit seems2815VVZseem ,2816,, you2817PPyou know2818VVPknow ,2819,, the2820DTthe only2821JJonly way2822NNway to2823TOto read2824VVread this2825DTthis is2826VBZbe that2827IN/thatthat the2828DTthe "2829``" registration2830NNregistration has2831VHZhave been2832VBNbe made2833VVNmake "2834''" is2835VBZbe by2836INby the2837DTthe Register2838NPRegister too2839RBtoo .2840SENT. [MR. PANNER]2841LOC[MR. PANNER] Well2842UHWell ,2843,, Your2844PP$your Honor2845NPHonor ,2846,, obviously2847RBobviously ,2848,, we2849PPwe do2850VVPdo n't2851RBn't agree2852VVagree with2853INwith that2854DTthat .2855SENT. And2856CCand ...2857:... and2858CCand let2859VVlet me2860PPme try2861VVtry to2862TOto say2863VVsay why2864WRBwhy I2865PPI think2866VVPthink ,2867,, again2868RBagain ,2869,, getting2870VVGget back2871RBback to2872TOto the2873DTthe textual2874JJtextual evidence2875NNevidence from2876INfrom the2877DTthe statute2878NNstatute ,2879,, the2880DTthe ...2881:... the2882DTthe issue2883NNissue is2884VBZbe not2885RBnot granted2886VVNgrant or2887CCor refused2888VVNrefuse ,2889,, and2890CCand ...2891:... the2892DTthe issue2893NNissue is2894VBZbe whether2895INwhether registration2896NNregistration is2897VBZbe made2898VVNmake by2899INby the2900DTthe copyright2901NNcopyright owner2902NNowner .2903SENT. And2904CCand the2905DTthe ...2906:... the2907DTthe text2908NNtext uses2909VVZuse the2910DTthe phrase2911NNphrase to2912TOto mean2913VVmean that2914IN/thatthat all2915PDTall the2916DTthe time2917NNtime ,2918,, including2919VVGinclude in2920INin the2921DTthe immediate2922JJimmediate succeeding2923VVGsucceed ...2924:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]2925LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Well2926UHwell ...2927:... well2928UHwell ,2929,, I2930PPI 'm2931VBPbe kind2932RBkind of2933INof with2934INwith you2935PPyou that2936IN/thatthat the2937DTthe word2938NNword "2939``" register2940NNregister "2941''" has2942VHZhave some2943DTsome flexibility2944NNflexibility to2945TOto it2946PPit .2947SENT. So2948RBso you2949PPyou 've2950VHPhave got2951VVNget ...2952:... you2953PPyou 've2954VHPhave convinced2955VVNconvince me2956PPme of2957INof that2958DTthat .2959SENT. The2960DTthe question2961NNquestion is2962VBZbe whether2963INwhether it2964PPit has2965VHZhave flexibility2966NNflexibility to2967TOto it2968PPit in2969INin 4112970CD@card@ (2971(( a2972DTa )2973)) .2974SENT. And2975CCand ...2976:... and2977CCand given2978VVNgive the2979DTthe ...2980:... the2981DTthe juxtaposition2982NNjuxtaposition between2983INbetween the2984DTthe first2985JJfirst sentence2986NNsentence and2987CCand the2988DTthe second2989JJsecond sentence2990NNsentence ,2991,, the2992DTthe identical2993JJidentical grammar2994NNgrammar ,2995,, the2996DTthe way2997NNway they2998PPthey 're2999VBPbe connected3000VVNconnect with3001INwith the3002DTthe "3003``" however3004RBhowever ,3005,, "3006''" it3007PPit would3008MDwould just3009RBjust seem3010VVseem extremely3011RBextremely strange3012JJstrange to3013TOto change3014VVchange the3015DTthe person3016NNperson who3017WPwho 's3018VBZbe the3019DTthe subject3020NNsubject of3021INof this3022DTthis action3023NNaction .3024SENT. [MR. PANNER]3025LOC[MR. PANNER] I3026PPI ...3027:... I3028PPI ...3029:... I3030PPI do3031VVPdo n't3032RBn't think3033VVthink so3034RBso ,3035,, Your3036PP$your Honor3037NPHonor .3038SENT. And3039CCand ...3040:... and3041CCand ...3042:... and3043CCand let3044VVlet me3045PPme ...3046:... and3047CCand bear3048VVbear with3049INwith me3050PPme .3051SENT. If3052INif you3053PPyou look3054VVPlook at3055INat the3056DTthe structure3057NNstructure of3058INof the3059DTthe sentence3060NNsentence ,3061,, the3062DTthe first3063JJfirst sentence3064NNsentence says3065VVZsay if3066INif ...3067:... registration3068NNregistration has3069VHZhave been3070VBNbe made3071VVNmake in3072INin accordance3073NNaccordance with3074INwith this3075DTthis title3076NNtitle .3077SENT. And3078CCand as3079INas we3080PPwe 've3081VHPhave shown3082VVNshow ,3083,, that3084DTthat phraseology3085NNphraseology ,3086,, the3087DTthe "3088``" registration3089NNregistration has3090VHZhave been3091VBNbe made3092VVNmake "3093``" construction3094NNconstruction is3095VBZbe used3096VVNuse all3097PDTall the3098DTthe time3099NNtime to3100TOto refer3101VVrefer to3102TOto what3103WPwhat the3104DTthe copyright3105NNcopyright owner3106NNowner does3107VVZdo .3108SENT. The3109DTthe next3110JJnext sentence3111NNsentence says3112VVZsay :3113:: "3114``" Where3115WRBwhere the3116DTthe deposit3117NNdeposit ,3118,, application3119NNapplication ,3120,, and3121CCand fee3122NNfee required3123VVNrequire for3124INfor registration3125NNregistration have3126VHPhave been3127VBNbe delivered3128VVNdeliver .3129SENT. "3130''" Again3131RBagain ,3132,, the3133DTthe action3134NNaction of3135INof the3136DTthe copyright3137NNcopyright owner3138NNowner .3139SENT. So3140RBso that3141DTthat is3142VBZbe parallel3143JJparallel to3144TOto the3145DTthe beginning3146NNbeginning of3147INof that3148DTthat first3149JJfirst sentence3150NNsentence .3151SENT. Then3152RBthen the3153DTthe second3154JJsecond ...3155:... the3156DTthe second3157JJsecond piece3158NNpiece of3159INof it3160PPit says3161VVZsay "3162``" in3163INin accordance3164NNaccordance with3165INwith the3166DTthe title3167NNtitle .3168SENT. "3169''" And3170CCand this3171DTthis one3172CDone then3173RBthen says3174VVZsay "3175``" in3176INin the3177DTthe proper3178JJproper form3179NNform and3180CCand registration3181NNregistration has3182VHZhave been3183VBNbe refused3184VVNrefuse .3185SENT. "3186''" So3187RBso this3188DTthis is3189VBZbe distinguishing3190VVGdistinguish a3191DTa situation3192NNsituation where3193WRBwhere registration3194NNregistration has3195VHZhave been3196VBNbe made3197VVNmake and3198CCand it3199PPit is3200VBZbe or3201CCor going3202VVGgo to3203TOto be3204VBbe granted3205VVNgrant because3206INbecause the3207DTthe Register3208NPRegister agrees3209VVZagree .3210SENT. But3211CCbut this3212DTthis is3213VBZbe a3214DTa situation3215NNsituation in3216INin which3217WDTwhich the3218DTthe ...3219:... the3220DTthe registrar3221NNregistrar ,3222,, notwithstanding3223INnotwithstanding the3224DTthe compliance3225NNcompliance with3226INwith Section3227NPSection 4083228CD@card@ (3229(( a3230DTa )3231)) ,3232,, has3233VHZhave refused3234VVNrefuse it3235PPit .3236SENT. And3237CCand that3238DTthat ...3239:... so3240RBso ...3241:... so3242RBso the3243DTthe ...3244:... the3245DTthe reference3246NNreference to3247TOto the3248DTthe registration3249NNregistration has3250VHZhave been3251VBNbe refused3252VVNrefuse corresponds3253VVZcorrespond to3254TOto the3255DTthe question3256NNquestion of3257INof ...3258:... is3259VBZbe intended3260VVNintend to3261TOto clarify3262VVclarify the3263DTthe question3264NNquestion of3265INof what3266WPwhat happens3267VVZhappen if3268INif there3269EXthere 's3270VBZbe a3271DTa dispute3272NNdispute because3273INbecause the3274DTthe Register3275NPRegister has3276VHZhave ...3277:... has3278VHZhave ...3279:... has3280VHZhave refused3281VVNrefuse the3282DTthe application3283NNapplication ,3284,, refused3285VVDrefuse to3286TOto register3287VVregister the3288DTthe claim3289NNclaim ,3290,, about3291RBabout whether3292INwhether it3293PPit 's3294VBZbe in3295INin accordance3296NNaccordance with3297INwith this3298DTthis title3299NNtitle .3300SENT. And3301CCand so3302RBso ...3303:... and3304CCand if3305INif you3306PPyou look3307VVPlook at3308INat the3309DTthe ...3310:... the3311DTthe ...3312:... the3313DTthe language3314NNlanguage ,3315,, if3316INif you3317PPyou look3318VVPlook at3319INat the3320DTthe context3321NNcontext ,3322,, and3323CCand if3324INif you3325PPyou think3326VVPthink about3327RBabout what3328WPwhat Congress3329NPCongress was3330VBDbe attempting3331VVGattempt to3332TOto ...3333:... was3334VBDbe dealing3335VVGdeal with3336INwith in3337INin terms3338NNSterm of3339INof the3340DTthe litigation3341NNlitigation rights3342NNSright ,3343,, it3344PPit makes3345VVZmake no3346DTno sense3347NNsense to3348TOto read3349VVread the3350DTthe first3351JJfirst sentence3352NNsentence as3353INas suggesting3354VVGsuggest that3355IN/thatthat Congress3356NPCongress wanted3357VVDwant to3358TOto recreate3359VVrecreate the3360DTthe very3361JJvery result3362NNresult that3363IN/thatthat it3364PPit sought3365VVDseek to3366TOto overrule3367VVoverrule in3368INin Vacheron3369NPVacheron .3370SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]3371LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] And3372CCand you3373PPyou ...3374:... you3375PPyou alluded3376VVDallude to3377TOto major3378JJmajor problems3379NNSproblem and3380CCand then3381RBthen did3382VVDdo n't3383RBn't describe3384VVdescribe them3385PPthem .3386SENT. It3387PPit seems3388VVZseem to3389TOto me3390PPme you3391PPyou 're3392VBPbe trying3393VVGtry to3394TOto create3395VVcreate enough3396JJenough doubt3397NNdoubt about3398INabout the3399DTthe statutory3400JJstatutory language3401NNlanguage to3402TOto suggest3403VVsuggest we3404PPwe should3405MDshould n't3406RBn't stick3407VVstick with3408INwith the3409DTthe reading3410NNreading that3411IN/thatthat Justice3412NPJustice Kagan3413NPKagan asked3414VVDask about3415RBabout ,3416,, and3417CCand the3418DTthe doubt3419NNdoubt you3420PPyou 're3421VBPbe trying3422VVGtry to3423TOto sow3424VVsow is3425VBZbe created3426VVNcreate because3427INbecause you3428PPyou say3429VVPsay it3430PPit would3431MDwould make3432VVmake no3433DTno sense3434NNsense and3435CCand there3436EXthere would3437MDwould be3438VBbe major3439JJmajor problems3440NNSproblem .3441SENT. What3442WPWhat ...3443:... can3444MDcan you3445PPyou describe3446VVdescribe what3447WPwhat those3448DTthose are3449VBPbe ?3450SENT? [MR. PANNER]3451LOC[MR. PANNER] Sure3452NPSure .3453SENT. And3454CCand I3455PPI think3456VVPthink that3457IN/thatthat the3458DTthe amici3459NNSamici speak3460VVPspeak to3461TOto this3462DTthis ,3463,, is3464VBZbe that3465IN/thatthat the3466DTthe ...3467:... the3468DTthe most3469RBSmost significant3470JJsignificant problem3471NNproblem is3472VBZbe that3473IN/thatthat when3474WRBwhen there3475EXthere is3476VBZbe ...3477:... when3478WRBwhen there3479EXthere is3480VBZbe infringement3481NNinfringement that3482WDTthat begins3483VVZbegin and3484CCand the3485DTthe claim3486NNclaim has3487VHZhave not3488RBnot yet3489RByet been3490VBNbe registered3491VVNregister ,3492,, that3493IN/thatthat the3494DTthe copyright3495NNcopyright owner3496NNowner cannot3497MDcan bring3498VVbring any3499DTany civil3500JJcivil action3501NNaction ,3502,, including3503VVGinclude an3504DTan action3505NNaction for3506INfor injunctive3507JJinjunctive relief3508NNrelief ,3509,, until3510INuntil the3511DTthe Copyright3512NPCopyright Office3513NPOffice has3514VHZhave acted3515VVNact ,3516,, and3517CCand under3518INunder the3519DTthe ...3520:... under3521INunder the3522DTthe view3523NNview of3524INof the3525DTthe Respondent3526NNrespondent and3527CCand the3528DTthe government3529NNgovernment ,3530,, until3531INuntil the3532DTthe Copyright3533NPCopyright Office3534NPOffice has3535VHZhave either3536RBeither granted3537VVNgrant or3538CCor refused3539VVNrefuse registration3540NNregistration .3541SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3542LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] All3543DTall right3544NNright .3545SENT. What3546WPWhat happens3547VVZhappen in3548INin a3549DTa case3550NNcase where3551WRBwhere you3552PPyou do3553VVPdo bring3554VVbring ...3555:... and3556CCand I3557PPI 'm3558VBPbe going3559VVGgo to3560TOto ask3561VVask the3562DTthe government3563NNgovernment about3564INabout the3565DTthe pre-registration3566NNpre-registration intent3567NNintent which3568WDTwhich permits3569VVZpermit a3570DTa ...3571:... permits3572VVZpermit a3573DTa pre-registration3574NNpre-registration injunction3575NNinjunction .3576SENT. What3577WPWhat does3578VVZdo a3579DTa court3580NNcourt do3581VVPdo ?3582SENT? Let3583VVlet 's3584VBZbe assume3585VVassume that3586IN/thatthat the3587DTthe registration3588NNregistration has3589VHZhave n't3590RBn't been3591VBNbe made3592VVNmake .3593SENT. There3594EXthere 's3595VBZbe an3596DTan injunctive3597JJinjunctive suit3598NNsuit before3599INbefore that3600DTthat .3601SENT. Does3602VVZdo the3603DTthe court3604NNcourt just3605RBjust automatically3606RBautomatically grant3607VVgrant the3608DTthe injunction3609NNinjunction ?3610SENT? Does3611VVZdo it3612PPit wait3613VVwait for3614INfor the3615DTthe registration3616NNregistration ?3617SENT? Does3618VVZdo it3619PPit have3620VHhave a3621DTa hearing3622NNhearing on3623INon who3624WPwho 's3625VBZbe right3626JJright about3627INabout the3628DTthe copyright3629NNcopyright ?3630SENT? What3631WPWhat ...3632:... what3633WPwhat occurs3634VVZoccur ?3635SENT? [MR. PANNER]3636LOC[MR. PANNER] In3637INin a3638DTa ...3639:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3640LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] And3641CCand what3642WPwhat would3643MDwould happen3644VVhappen if3645INif the3646DTthe court3647NNcourt grants3648VVZgrant the3649DTthe injunction3650NNinjunction and3651CCand the3652DTthe registrar3653NNregistrar refuses3654VVZrefuse registration3655NNregistration ?3656SENT? [MR. PANNER]3657LOC[MR. PANNER] Well3658UHWell ,3659,, Your3660PP$your Honor3661NPHonor ,3662,, are3663VBPbe ...3664:... are3665VBPbe you3666PPyou talking3667VVGtalk about3668RBabout in3669INin a3670DTa ...3671:... in3672INin a3673DTa situation3674NNsituation in3675INin which3676WDTwhich there3677EXthere ...3678:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3679LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Your3680PP$your reading3681NNreading is3682VBZbe given3683VVNgive effect3684NNeffect .3685SENT. Your3686PP$your reading3687NNreading is3688VBZbe given3689VVNgive effect3690NNeffect .3691SENT. The3692DTthe copyright3693NNcopyright owner3694NNowner comes3695VVZcome in3696INin and3697CCand says3698VVZsay ,3699,, I3700PPI want3701VVPwant an3702DTan injunction3703NNinjunction .3704SENT. The3705DTthe Copyright3706NPCopyright Office3707NPOffice has3708VHZhave n't3709RBn't acted3710VVNact yet3711RByet .3712SENT. [MR. PANNER]3713LOC[MR. PANNER] Yes3714NPYes .3715SENT. Well3716UHwell ...3717:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3718LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] What3719WPWhat does3720VVZdo the3721DTthe court3722NNcourt do3723VVPdo ?3724SENT? [MR. PANNER]3725LOC[MR. PANNER] The3726NPThe ...3727:... as3728RBas in3729INin any3730DTany other3731JJother civil3732JJcivil action3733NNaction ,3734,, the3735DTthe ...3736:... the3737DTthe plaintiff3738NNplaintiff would3739MDwould have3740VHhave the3741DTthe obligation3742NNobligation to3743TOto provide3744VVprovide prima3745JJprima facie3746NNfacie evidence3747NNevidence to3748TOto carry3749VVcarry the3750DTthe burden3751NNburden to3752TOto show3753VVshow that3754IN/thatthat they3755PPthey ...3756:... they3757PPthey 're3758VBPbe entitled3759VVNentitle to3760TOto relief3761NNrelief .3762SENT. That3763DTthat would3764MDwould include3765VVinclude showing3766VVGshow at3767INat the3768DTthe preliminary3769JJpreliminary ...3770:... you3771PPyou know3772VVPknow ,3773,, at3774INat the3775DTthe TRO3776NNTRO or3777CCor preliminary3778JJpreliminary injunction3779NNinjunction stage3780NNstage ,3781,, that3782WDTthat they3783PPthey have3784VHPhave complied3785VVNcomply with3786INwith Section3787NPSection 4083788CD@card@ (3789(( a3790DTa )3791)) and3792CCand thus3793RBthus that3794DTthat ...3795:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3796LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Let3797VVlet 's3798VBZbe assume3799VVassume they3800PPthey have3801VHPhave .3802SENT. [MR. PANNER]3803LOC[MR. PANNER] Well3804UHWell ,3805,, then3806RBthen ...3807:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3808LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] What3809WPWhat do3810VVPdo they3811PPthey do3812VVPdo about3813INabout the3814DTthe registrar3815NNregistrar not3816RBnot acting3817VVGact ?3818SENT? Can3819MDcan final3820JJfinal judgment3821NNjudgment be3822VBbe entered3823VVNenter before3824INbefore the3825DTthe registrar3826NNregistrar acts3827VVZact ?3828SENT? [MR. PANNER]3829LOC[MR. PANNER] Certainly3830RBcertainly .3831SENT. Section3832NNsection 4103833CD@card@ (3834(( d3835LSd )3836)) provides3837VVZprovide for3838INfor that3839DTthat .3840SENT. It3841PPit says3842VVZsay that3843IN/thatthat the3844DTthe ...3845:... and3846CCand ,3847,, you3848PPyou know3849VVPknow ,3850,, it3851PPit would3852MDwould depend3853VVdepend on3854INon the3855DTthe context3856NNcontext ,3857,, but3858CCbut ,3859,, yes3860UHyes ,3861,, in3862INin a3863DTa circumstance3864NNcircumstance in3865INin which3866WDTwhich there3867EXthere ...3868:... we3869PPwe 're3870VBPbe not3871RBnot talking3872VVGtalk about3873RBabout anymore3874RBanymore a3875DTa preliminary3876JJpreliminary injunction3877NNinjunction but3878CCbut some3879DTsome final3880JJfinal judgment3881NNjudgment ,3882,, the3883DTthe court3884NNcourt could3885MDcould certainly3886RBcertainly enter3887VVenter a3888DTa judgment3889NNjudgment under3890INunder Section3891NPSection 4103892CD@card@ (3893(( d3894LSd )3895)) .3896SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3897LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] And3898CCand what3899WPwhat happens3900VVZhappen if3901INif the3902DTthe registrar3903NNregistrar refuses3904VVZrefuse after3905INafter the3906DTthe judgment3907NNjudgment is3908VBZbe entered3909VVNenter ?3910SENT? [MR. PANNER]3911LOC[MR. PANNER] Well3912UHWell ,3913,, in3914INin any3915DTany case3916NNcase in3917INin which3918WDTwhich there3919EXthere 's3920VBZbe a3921DTa ...3922:... in3923INin any3924DTany civil3925JJcivil suit3926NNsuit ,3927,, the3928DTthe registrar3929NNregistrar will3930MDwill receive3931VVreceive notice3932NNnotice of3933INof the3934DTthe suit3935NNsuit ,3936,, and3937CCand the3938DTthe suit3939NNsuit can3940MDcan be3941VBbe ...3942:... the3943DTthe ...3944:... you3945PPyou know3946VVPknow ,3947,, the3948DTthe ...3949:... the3950DTthe registrar3951NNregistrar could3952MDcould either3953RBeither expedite3954VVexpedite examination3955NNexamination of3956INof the3957DTthe application3958NNapplication or3959CCor could3960MDcould potentially3961RBpotentially ...3962:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3963LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But3964CCbut ,3965,, eventually3966RBeventually ,3967,, 73968CD7 if3969INif ...3970:... if3971INif ...3972:... [MR. PANNER]3973LOC[MR. PANNER] But3974CCbut ...3975:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3976LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...3977:... judgment3978NNjudgment is3979VBZbe entered3980VVNenter ...3981:... [MR. PANNER]3982LOC[MR. PANNER] Yeah3983NPYeah .3984SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]3985LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] ...3986:... and3987CCand the3988DTthe registrar3989NNregistrar refuses3990VVZrefuse ,3991,, it3992PPit 's3993VBZbe sort3994NNsort of3995INof a3996DTa moot3997JJmoot question3998NNquestion to3999TOto be4000VBbe told4001VVNtell that4002IN/thatthat the4003DTthe suit4004NNsuit has4005VHZhave already4006RBalready started4007VVNstart ,4008,, is4009VBZbe n't4010RBn't it4011PPit ?4012SENT? [MR. PANNER]4013LOC[MR. PANNER] Well4014UHWell ...4015:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]4016LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Because4017INbecause 4114018CD@card@ ...4019:... [MR. PANNER]4020LOC[MR. PANNER] ...4021:... again4022RBagain ,4023,, they4024PPthey have4025VHPhave to4026TOto be4027VBbe notified4028VVNnotify within4029INwithin 304030CD@card@ days4031NNSday of4032INof the4033DTthe filing4034NNfiling of4035INof the4036DTthe suit4037NNsuit .4038SENT. I4039PPI think4040VVPthink it4041PPit 's4042VBZbe very4043RBvery unlikely4044RBunlikely there4045EXthere would4046MDwould be4047VBbe a4048DTa final4049JJfinal judgment4050NNjudgment before4051INbefore that4052DTthat .4053SENT. But4054CCbut the4055DTthe point4056NNpoint is4057VBZbe that4058IN/thatthat ,4059,, under4060INunder Section4061NPSection 5084062CD@card@ of4063INof the4064DTthe statute4065NNstatute ,4066,, Your4067PP$your Honor4068NPHonor ,4069,, they4070PPthey ...4071:... the4072DTthe ...4073:... the4074DTthe Register4075NPRegister is4076VBZbe entitled4077VVNentitle to4078TOto be4079VBbe notified4080VVNnotify within4081INwithin 304082CD@card@ days4083NNSday .4084SENT. But4085CCbut the4086DTthe point4087NNpoint is4088VBZbe that4089IN/thatthat I4090PPI think4091VVPthink that4092IN/thatthat these4093DTthese are4094VBPbe really4095RBreally questions4096NNSquestion that4097WDTthat just4098RBjust do4099VVPdo n't4100RBn't arise4101VVarise as4102INas a4103DTa practical4104JJpractical matter4105NNmatter .4106SENT. If4107INif there4108EXthere were4109VBDbe a4110DTa situation4111NNsituation in4112INin which4113WDTwhich there4114EXthere was4115VBDbe genuinely4116RBgenuinely a4117DTa doubt4118NNdoubt about4119INabout the4120DTthe registrability4121NNregistrability of4122INof the4123DTthe claim4124NNclaim ,4125,, if4126INif the4127DTthe court4128NNcourt wanted4129VVDwant to4130TOto do4131VVdo so4132RBso ,4133,, the4134DTthe district4135NNdistrict court4136NNcourt can4137MDcan manage4138VVmanage the4139DTthe litigation4140NNlitigation to4141TOto get4142VVget the4143DTthe views4144NNSview of4145INof the4146DTthe Register4147NPRegister .4148SENT. And4149CCand ,4150,, you4151PPyou know4152VVPknow ,4153,, there4154EXthere 's4155VBZbe something4156NNsomething similar4157JJsimilar actually4158RBactually ,4159,, Your4160PP$your Honor4161NPHonor ,4162,, in4163INin Section4164NPSection 4114165CD@card@ (4166(( b4167LSb )4168)) ,4169,, which4170WDTwhich talks4171VVZtalk about4172INabout the4173DTthe ...4174:... the4175DTthe consequences4176NNSconsequence of4177INof false4178JJfalse ...4179:... incorrect4180JJincorrect information4181NNinformation in4182INin a4183DTa certificate4184NNcertificate of4185INof registration4186NNregistration .4187SENT. If4188INif there4189EXthere 's4190VBZbe incorrect4191JJincorrect information4192NNinformation in4193INin a4194DTa certificate4195NNcertificate of4196INof registration4197NNregistration ,4198,, it4199PPit does4200VVZdo n't4201RBn't matter4202VVmatter .4203SENT. The4204DTthe litigation4205NNlitigation proceeds4206NNSproceed ,4207,, unless4208INunless there4209EXthere 's4210VBZbe a4211DTa claim4212NNclaim that4213IN/thatthat the4214DTthe registration4215NNregistration would4216MDwould not4217RBnot have4218VHhave issued4219VVNissue at4220INat all4221DTall .4222SENT. And4223CCand then4224RBthen ...4225:... then4226RBthen the4227DTthe Register4228NPRegister may4229MDmay be4230VBbe called4231VVNcall upon4232RPupon to4233TOto give4234VVgive their4235PP$their views4236NNSview .4237SENT. That4238DTthat happens4239VVZhappen approximately4240RBapproximately never4241RBnever .4242SENT. It4243PPit happened4244VVDhappen in4245INin three4246CDthree cases4247NNScase out4248RBout of4249INof 35004250CD@card@ in4251INin 20174252CD@card@ .4253SENT. The4254DTthe Register4255NPRegister never4256RBnever intervened4257VVDintervene in4258INin a4259DTa case4260NNcase in4261INin 20174262CD@card@ ,4263,, as4264RBas far4265RBfar as4266INas we4267PPwe were4268VBDbe able4269JJable to4270TOto determine4271VVdetermine ,4272,, in4273INin a4274DTa copyright4275JJcopyright infringement4276NNinfringement action4277NNaction .4278SENT. It4279PPit 's4280VBZbe important4281JJimportant to4282TOto understand4283VVunderstand the4284DTthe practicalities4285NNSpracticality of4286INof this4287DTthis .4288SENT. This4289DTthis is4290VBZbe not4291RBnot patent4292JJpatent litigation4293NNlitigation .4294SENT. This4295DTthis is4296VBZbe not4297RBnot a4298DTa suit4299NNsuit ...4300:... this4301DTthis is4302VBZbe not4303RBnot a4304DTa case4305NNcase ...4306:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]4307LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] What4308WPWhat are4309VBPbe the4310DTthe practical4311JJpractical problems4312NNSproblem ?4313SENT? I4314PPI think4315VVPthink the4316DTthe message4317NNmessage of4318INof your4319PP$your argument4320NNargument is4321VBZbe ,4322,, if4323INif you4324PPyou really4325RBreally understood4326VVDunderstand how4327WRBhow this4328DTthis works4329NNSwork in4330INin the4331DTthe real4332JJreal world4333NNworld ,4334,, we4335PPwe would4336MDwould agree4337VVagree with4338INwith your4339PP$your reading4340NNreading .4341SENT. And4342CCand ...4343:... and4344CCand you4345PPyou 're4346VBPbe saying4347VVGsay practical4348JJpractical problems4349NNSproblem .4350SENT. I4351PPI want4352VVPwant to4353TOto hear4354VVhear the4355DTthe practical4356JJpractical problems4357NNSproblem .4358SENT. [MR. PANNER]4359LOC[MR. PANNER] And4360CCand ...4361:... and4362CCand the4363DTthe practical4364JJpractical problems4365NNSproblem are4366VBPbe those4367DTthose that4368WDTthat are4369VBPbe described4370VVNdescribe in4371INin our4372PP$our briefs4373NNSbrief and4374CCand in4375INin the4376DTthe briefs4377NNSbrief of4378INof the4379DTthe amici4380NNamici ,4381,, which4382WDTwhich are4383VBPbe the4384DTthe major4385JJmajor problems4386NNSproblem ...4387:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]4388LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] And4389CCand what4390WPwhat are4391VBPbe the4392DTthe ...4393:... what4394WPwhat are4395VBPbe the4396DTthe most4397JJSmost ...4398:... what4399WPwhat are4400VBPbe the4401DTthe most4402RBSmost severe4403JJsevere practical4404JJpractical problems4405NNSproblem ?4406SENT? Delay4407NNdelay ,4408,, I4409PPI understand4410VVPunderstand .4411SENT. [MR. PANNER]4412LOC[MR. PANNER] I4413PPI think4414VVPthink the4415DTthe most4416RBSmost severe4417JJsevere practical4418JJpractical problem4419NNproblem is4420VBZbe the4421DTthe inability4422NNinability to4423TOto receive4424VVreceive prompt4425JJprompt injunctive4426JJinjunctive relief4427NNrelief ...4428:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]4429LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] Okay4430NPOkay .4431SENT. [MR. PANNER]4432LOC[MR. PANNER] ...4433:... in4434INin a4435DTa circumstance4436NNcircumstance where4437WRBwhere the4438DTthe claim4439NNclaim has4440VHZhave not4441RBnot yet4442RByet ...4443:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]4444LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] And4445CCand that4446DTthat 's4447VBZbe a4448DTa problem4449NNproblem because4450RBbecause ?4451SENT? Just4452RBjust spell4453VVspell it4454PPit out4455RPout .4456SENT. [MR. PANNER]4457LOC[MR. PANNER] Sure4458NPSure .4459SENT. Because4460INbecause the4461DTthe value4462NNvalue of4463INof the4464DTthe copyright4465NNcopyright depends4466VVZdepend on4467INon the4468DTthe ability4469NNability to4470TOto exclude4471VVexclude from4472INfrom ...4473:... exclude4474VVexclude the4475DTthe ...4476:... the4477DTthe unauthorized4478JJunauthorized copying4479NNcopying ,4480,, unauthorized4481JJunauthorized reproduction4482NNreproduction of4483INof the4484DTthe work4485NNwork .4486SENT. [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]4487LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] And4488CCand in4489INin that4490DTthat period4491NNperiod of4492INof delay4493NNdelay ,4494,, what4495WPwhat may4496MDmay happen4497VVhappen ?4498SENT? [MR. PANNER]4499LOC[MR. PANNER] In4500INin ...4501:... in4502INin that4503DTthat period4504NNperiod ...4505:... thank4506VVthank you4507PPyou ,4508,, Your4509PP$your Honor4510NPHonor .4511SENT. In4512INin that4513DTthat period4514NNperiod of4515INof delay4516NNdelay ...4517:... [JUSTICE KAVANAUGH]4518LOC[JUSTICE KAVANAUGH] I4519PPI mean4520VVPmean ,4521,, just4522RBjust ...4523:... just4524RBjust spell4525VVspell it4526PPit out4527RPout .4528SENT. [MR. PANNER]4529LOC[MR. PANNER] ...4530:... it4531PPit could4532MDcould be4533VBbe ...4534:... it4535PPit could4536MDcould be4537VBbe distributed4538VVNdistribute over4539INover the4540DTthe Internet4541NNInternet .4542SENT. In4543INin the4544DTthe case4545NNcase of4546INof a4547DTa song4548NNsong ,4549,, for4550INfor example4551NNexample ,4552,, you4553PPyou know4554VVPknow ,4555,, it4556PPit could4557MDcould be4558VBbe very4559RBvery widely4560RBwidely distributed4561VVNdistribute over4562INover the4563DTthe Internet4564NNInternet .4565SENT. In4566INin the4567DTthe case4568NNcase of4569INof even4570RBeven an4571DTan article4572NNarticle ,4573,, and4574CCand this4575DTthis is4576VBZbe discussed4577VVNdiscuss in4578INin ...4579:... in4580INin some4581DTsome of4582INof the4583DTthe ...4584:... in4585INin some4586DTsome of4587INof the4588DTthe amicus4589NNamicus briefs4590NNSbrief ,4591,, that4592WDTthat within4593INwithin days4594NNSday ,4595,, the4596DTthe ...4597:... an4598DTan article4599NNarticle can4600MDcan be4601VBbe so4602RBso widely4603RBwidely disseminated4604VVNdisseminate that4605IN/thatthat its4606PP$its value4607NNvalue for4608INfor the4609DTthe author4610NNauthor has4611VHZhave been4612VBNbe lost4613VVNlose .4614SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]4615LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Now4616RBnow did4617VVDdo you4618PPyou get4619VVPget ...4620:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]4621LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] And4622CCand are4623VBPbe damages4624NNSdamage never4625RBnever going4626VVGgo to4627TOto be4628VBbe sufficient4629JJsufficient to4630TOto compensate4631VVcompensate for4632INfor that4633DTthat ?4634SENT? And4635CCand why4636WRBwhy would4637MDwould that4638RBthat be4639VBbe ?4640SENT? [MR. PANNER]4641LOC[MR. PANNER] Well4642UHWell ,4643,, for4644INfor many4645JJmany ...4646:... in4647INin many4648JJmany cases4649NNScase ,4650,, it4651PPit may4652MDmay be4653VBbe impossible4654JJimpossible to4655TOto identify4656VVidentify who4657WPwho has4658VHZhave ...4659:... who4660WPwho has4661VHZhave done4662VVNdo all4663DTall of4664INof the4665DTthe subsequent4666JJsubsequent ...4667:... subsequent4668JJsubsequent distribution4669NNdistribution .4670SENT. I4671PPI mean4672VVPmean ,4673,, the4674DTthe ...4675:... the4676DTthe point4677NNpoint is4678VBZbe that4679IN/thatthat Congress4680NPCongress authorized4681VVDauthorize injunctive4682JJinjunctive remedies4683NNSremedy precisely4684RBprecisely because4685INbecause it4686PPit may4687MDmay often4688RBoften be4689VBbe difficult4690JJdifficult to4691TOto determine4692VVdetermine what4693WPwhat the4694DTthe damages4695NNSdamage are4696VBPbe .4697SENT. And4698CCand it4699PPit does4700VVZdo not4701RBnot ...4702:... it4703PPit does4704VVZdo not4705RBnot make4706VVmake sense4707NNsense ,4708,, once4709RBonce the4710DTthe copyright4711NNcopyright owner4712NNowner has4713VHZhave complied4714VVNcomply with4715INwith the4716DTthe registration4717NNregistration obligation4718NNobligation under4719INunder Section4720NPSection 4084721CD@card@ (4722(( a4723DTa )4724)) ,4725,, to4726TOto prevent4727VVprevent that4728DTthat ...4729:... the4730DTthe copyright4731NNcopyright owner4732NNowner from4733INfrom pursuing4734VVGpursue the4735DTthe remedy4736NNremedy .4737SENT. Everybody4738NNEverybody agrees4739VVZagree that4740IN/thatthat the4741DTthe ...4742:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]4743LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] How4744NPHow ...4745:... how4746WRBhow long4747JJlong ...4748:... how4749WRBhow long4750JJlong are4751VBPbe the4752DTthe delays4753NNSdelay now4754RBnow ?4755SENT? And4756CCand how4757WRBhow does4758VVZdo that4759DTthat compare4760NNcompare with4761INwith what4762WPwhat the4763DTthe delays4764NNSdelay were4765VBDbe when4766WRBwhen this4767DTthis Act4768NPAct was4769VBDbe passed4770VVNpass ?4771SENT? [MR. PANNER]4772LOC[MR. PANNER] The4773NPThe ...4774:... my4775PP$my understanding4776NNunderstanding is4777VBZbe that4778IN/thatthat ,4779,, for4780INfor electronic4781JJelectronic submissions4782NNSsubmission ,4783,, the4784DTthe average4785NNaverage is4786VBZbe seven4787CDseven months4788NNSmonth ,4789,, and4790CCand for4791INfor paper4792NNpaper ,4793,, it4794PPit 's4795VBZbe nine4796CDnine .4797SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]4798LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] But4799CCbut you4800PPyou can4801MDcan ...4802:... you4803PPyou can4804MDcan pay4805VVpay extra4806JJextra for4807INfor first4808JJfirst class4809NNclass ,4810,, right4811RBright ?4812SENT? [MR. PANNER]4813LOC[MR. PANNER] You4814PPyou can4815MDcan ...4816:... you4817PPyou can4818MDcan ,4819,, Your4820PP$your Honor4821NPHonor .4822SENT. You4823PPyou can4824MDcan pay4825VVpay extra4826JJextra to4827TOto have4828VHhave expedited4829VVNexpedite consideration4830NNconsideration ,4831,, but4832CCbut ,4833,, first4834RBfirst of4835INof all4836DTall ,4837,, the4838DTthe Copyright4839NPCopyright Office4840NPOffice is4841VBZbe under4842INunder no4843DTno obligation4844NNobligation to4845TOto grant4846VVgrant that4847DTthat .4848SENT. Second4849JJsecond of4850INof all4851DTall ,4852,, even4853RBeven in4854INin those4855DTthose circumstances4856NNScircumstance ,4857,, it4858PPit can4859MDcan take4860VVtake many4861JJmany weeks4862NNSweek ,4863,, even4864RBeven months4865NNSmonth ,4866,, to4867TOto resolve4868VVresolve the4869DTthe application4870NNapplication .4871SENT. And4872CCand that4873DTthat 's4874VBZbe enough4875RBenough time4876NNtime ,4877,, especially4878RBespecially in4879INin ...4880:... you4881PPyou know4882VVPknow ,4883,, under4884INunder current4885JJcurrent circumstances4886NNScircumstance for4887INfor a4888DTa work4889NNwork to4890TOto be4891VBbe essentially4892RBessentially rendered4893VVNrender valueless4894JJvalueless because4895INbecause of4896INof its4897PP$its broad4898JJbroad distribution4899NNdistribution .4900SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]4901LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] Counsel4902NPCounsel ...4903:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]4904LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] And4905CCand when4906WRBwhen ...4907:... when4908WRBwhen the4909DTthe Act4910NPAct was4911VBDbe passed4912VVNpass ,4913,, what4914WPwhat were4915VBDbe the4916DTthe delays4917NNSdelay then4918RBthen ?4919SENT? [MR. PANNER]4920LOC[MR. PANNER] They4921PPthey appear4922VVPappear to4923TOto have4924VHhave been4925VBNbe significantly4926RBsignificantly shorter4927JJRshort ,4928,, Your4929PP$your Honor4930NPHonor .4931SENT. I4932PPI did4933VVDdo n't4934RBn't see4935VVsee ...4936:... I4937PPI could4938MDcould n't4939RBn't determine4940VVdetermine exactly4941RBexactly what4942WPwhat they4943PPthey were4944VBDbe in4945INin terms4946NNSterm of4947INof ...4948:... of4949INof averages4950NNSaverage ,4951,, but4952CCbut they4953PPthey were4954VBDbe ...4955:... they4956PPthey were4957VBDbe significantly4958RBsignificantly shorter4959JJRshort .4960SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]4961LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Yeah4962UHYeah ,4963,, I4964PPI mean4965VVPmean ,4966,, significantly4967RBsignificantly shorter4968JJRshort but4969CCbut still4970RBstill a4971DTa matter4972NNmatter of4973INof weeks4974NNSweek and4975CCand months4976NNSmonth ?4977SENT? [MR. PANNER]4978LOC[MR. PANNER] I4979PPI think4980VVPthink a4981DTa matter4982NNmatter of4983INof weeks4984NNSweek in4985INin ...4986:... in4987INin any4988DTany event4989NNevent .4990SENT. But4991CCbut there4992EXthere was4993VBDbe ...4994:... there4995EXthere was4996VBDbe some4997DTsome suggestion4998NNsuggestion that4999IN/thatthat at5000INat an5001DTan earlier5002JJRearly time5003NNtime it5004PPit was5005VBDbe ...5006:... it5007PPit was5008VBDbe quite5009RBquite fast5010RBfast .5011SENT. The5012DTthe Washingtonian5013JJWashingtonian case5014NNcase ,5015,, which5016WDTwhich is5017VBZbe back5018RBback in5019INin the5020DTthe '5021''' 30s5022NNS30s ,5023,, but5024CCbut I5025PPI happened5026VVDhappen to5027TOto notice5028VVnotice that5029IN/thatthat in5030INin that5031DTthat one5032CDone ,5033,, the5034DTthe application5035NNapplication ...5036:... the5037DTthe case5038NNcase was5039VBDbe ...5040:... was5041VBDbe evidently5042RBevidently filed5043VVNfile after5044INafter a5045DTa certificate5046NNcertificate had5047VHDhave been5048VBNbe granted5049VVNgrant ,5050,, and5051CCand that5052WDTthat was5053VBDbe two5054CDtwo weeks5055NNSweek after5056INafter the5057DTthe application5058NNapplication was5059VBDbe submitted5060VVNsubmit .5061SENT. So5062RBso it5063PPit may5064MDmay be5065VBbe that5066DTthat ...5067:... you5068PPyou know5069VVPknow ,5070,, but5071CCbut ...5072:... but5073CCbut what5074WPwhat 's5075VBZbe interesting5076JJinteresting is5077VBZbe ,5078,, in5079INin Chief5080NPChief Judge5081NPJudge Clark5082NPClark 's5083POS's dissent5084NNdissent in5085INin Vacheron5086NPVacheron ,5087,, he5088PPhe does5089VVZdo talk5090NNtalk about5091INabout the5092DTthe fact5093NNfact that5094IN/thatthat delay5095NNdelay could5096MDcould lead5097VVlead to5098TOto the5099DTthe loss5100NNloss of5101INof substantive5102JJsubstantive rights5103NNSright and5104CCand that5105DTthat that5106WDTthat does5107VVZdo n't5108RBn't make5109VVmake any5110DTany sense5111NNsense .5112SENT. I5113PPI do5114VVPdo think5115VVthink that5116IN/thatthat Congress5117NPCongress was5118VBDbe influenced5119VVNinfluence by5120INby that5121DTthat dissent5122NNdissent or5123CCor I5124PPI think5125VVPthink it5126PPit 's5127VBZbe ...5128:... it5129PPit makes5130VVZmake sense5131NNsense to5132TOto read5133VVread Congress5134NPCongress 's5135POS's enactment5136NNenactment as5137INas being5138VBGbe consistent5139JJconsistent with5140INwith the5141DTthe views5142NNSview expressed5143VVNexpress in5144INin that5145DTthat dissent5146NNdissent ,5147,, which5148WDTwhich indicate5149VVPindicate that5150IN/thatthat once5151RBonce the5152DTthe copyright5153NNcopyright owner5154NNowner has5155VHZhave complied5156VVNcomply with5157INwith the5158DTthe obligations5159NNSobligation under5160INunder Section5161NPSection 4085162CD@card@ (5163(( a5164DTa )5165)) ,5166,, it5167PPit does5168VVZdo not5169RBnot make5170VVmake sense5171NNsense to5172TOto prevent5173VVprevent the5174DTthe copyright5175NNcopyright owner5176NNowner from5177INfrom pursuing5178VVGpursue a5179DTa remedy5180NNremedy .5181SENT. May5182MDmay I5183PPI reserve5184VVreserve the5185DTthe remainder5186NNremainder of5187INof my5188PP$my time5189NNtime ?5190SENT? [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]5191LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Thank5192VVthank you5193PPyou ,5194,, counsel5195NNcounsel .5196SENT. Mr5197NPMr .5198SENT. Stris5199NPStris .5200SENT.