[MR. BARNETTE]22LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Mr23NPMr .24SENT. Chief25NPChief Justice26NPJustice ,27,, and28CCand may29MDmay it30PPit please31VVplease the32DTthe Court33NPCourt :34:: Home35NPHome Depot36NPDepot is37VBZbe a38DTa defendant39NNdefendant under40INunder any41DTany reasonable42JJreasonable construction43NNconstruction of44INof that45DTthat term46NNterm and47CCand ,48,, in49INin fact50NNfact ,51,, that52WDTthat 's53VBZbe our54PP$our only55JJonly role56NNrole in57INin this58DTthis case59NNcase .60SENT. We61PPwe 're62VBPbe just63RBjust a64DTa defendant65NNdefendant .66SENT. Home67NPHome Depot68NPDepot is69VBZbe not70RBnot a71DTa counterclaim72NNcounterclaim defendant73NNdefendant .74SENT. We75PPwe did76VVDdo n't77RBn't sue78VVsue anyone79NNanyone in80INin this81DTthis case82NNcase .83SENT. Home84NPHome Depot85NPDepot is86VBZbe not87RBnot a88DTa third-party89JJthird-party defendant90NNdefendant .91SENT. We92PPwe 're93VBPbe not94RBnot being95VBGbe sued96VVNsue for97INfor indemnity98NNindemnity or99CCor contribution100NNcontribution .101SENT. Home102NPHome Depot103NPDepot is104VBZbe simply105RBsimply a106DTa defendant107NNdefendant ,108,, the109DTthe original110JJoriginal defendant111NNdefendant ,112,, to113TOto a114DTa consumer115NNconsumer fraud116NNfraud class117NNclass action118NNaction filed119VVNfile in120INin state121NNstate court122NNcourt by123INby Mr124NPMr .125SENT. Jackson126NPJackson .127SENT. As128INas such129JJsuch ,130,, we131PPwe 're132VBPbe within133INwithin the134DTthe plain135JJplain terms136NNSterm of137INof Section138NPSection 1441139CD@card@ (140(( a141DTa )142)) ,143,, are144VBPbe entitled145VVNentitle to146TOto remove147VVremove this148DTthis class149NNclass action150NNaction under151INunder the152DTthe Class153NPClass Action154NPAction Fairness155NPFairness Act156NPAct to157TOto federal158JJfederal court159NNcourt ,160,, and161CCand the162DTthe Fourth163JJfourth Circuit164NNcircuit erred165VVNerr in166INin holding167VVGhold otherwise168RBotherwise .169SENT. Because170INbecause Home171NPHome Depot172NPDepot is173VBZbe simply174RBsimply a175DTa defendant176NNdefendant ,177,, this178DTthis Court179NPCourt 's180POS's holding181NNholding in182INin Shamrock183NPShamrock Oil184NPOil does185VVZdo not186RBnot govern187VVgovern .188SENT. As189INas the190DTthe Court191NPCourt is192VBZbe aware193JJaware ,194,, Shamrock195NPShamrock Oil196NPOil is197VBZbe an198DTan original199JJoriginal plaintiff200NNplaintiff case201NNcase ,202,, not203RBnot an204DTan original205JJoriginal defendant206NNdefendant case207NNcase .208SENT. The209DTthe lower210JJRlow courts211NNScourt have212VHPhave erred213VVNerr in214INin extending215VVGextend the216DTthe holding217NNholding of218INof Shamrock219NPShamrock Oil220NPOil to221TOto say222VVsay that223IN/thatthat ,224,, basically225RBbasically ,226,, you227PPyou have228VHPhave to229TOto be230VBbe an231DTan original232JJoriginal defendant233NNdefendant to234TOto be235VBbe able236JJable to237TOto remove238VVremove .239SENT. The240DTthe plain241JJplain text242NNtext of243INof Section244NPSection 1441245CD@card@ (246(( a247DTa )248)) ...249:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]250LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] I251PPI 'm252VBPbe not253RBnot quite254RBquite sure255JJsure ,256,, putting257VVGput this258DTthis outside259INoutside the260DTthe class261NNclass action262NNaction setting263NNsetting ,264,, generally265RBgenerally ,266,, all267DTall defendants268NNSdefendant have269VHPhave to270TOto agree271VVagree to272TOto removal273NNremoval and274CCand with275INwith some276DTsome other277JJother limitations278NNSlimitation .279SENT. If280INif you281PPyou 're282VBPbe now283RBnow an284DTan additional285JJadditional defendant286NNdefendant to287TOto the288DTthe action289NNaction ,290,, why291WRBwhy do292VVPdo you293PPyou ...294:... why295WRBwhy do296VVPdo n't297RBn't you298PPyou need299VVPneed Jackson300NPJackson 's301POS's approval302NNapproval to303TOto remove304VVremove ?305SENT? And306CCand he307PPhe 's308VBZbe not309RBnot approving310VVGapprove because311INbecause he312PPhe 's313VBZbe opposing314VVGoppose you315PPyou .316SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]317LOC[MR. BARNETTE] I318PPI do319VVPdo n't320RBn't expect321VVexpect he322PPhe would323MDwould ,324,, Your325PP$your Honor326NPHonor .327SENT. That328DTthat 's329VBZbe correct330JJcorrect .331SENT. Under332INunder 1441333CD@card@ (334(( a335DTa )336)) and337CCand traditional338JJtraditional diversity339NNdiversity jurisdiction340NNjurisdiction ,341,, 1332342CD@card@ (343(( a344DTa )345)) ,346,, you347PPyou 're348VBPbe correct349JJcorrect that350IN/thatthat all351DTall defendants352NNSdefendant have353VHPhave to354TOto remove355VVremove as356INas a357DTa part358NNpart of359INof the360DTthe procedure361NNprocedure under362INunder 1446363CD@card@ .364SENT. Here365RBhere ,366,, though367RBthough ,368,, in369INin Shamrock370NPShamrock Oil371NPOil ,372,, the373DTthe Court374NPCourt went375VVDgo through376INthrough the377DTthe history378NNhistory of379INof removal380NNremoval and381CCand diversity382NNdiversity ,383,, understood384VVDunderstand that385IN/thatthat it386PPit was387VBDbe very388RBvery important389JJimportant to390TOto the391DTthe framers392NNSframer that393IN/thatthat diversity394NNdiversity jurisdiction395NNjurisdiction was396VBDbe in397INin the398DTthe original399JJoriginal constitution400NNconstitution ,401,, Article402NPArticle III403NPIII ,404,, Section405NPSection 2406CD2 .407SENT. Removal408NNremoval was409VBDbe in410INin the411DTthe original412JJoriginal Judiciary413NPJudiciary Act414NPAct of415INof 1789416CD@card@ ,417,, so418RBso it419PPit was420VBDbe important421JJimportant to422TOto the423DTthe framers424NNSframer that425IN/thatthat each426DTeach side427NNside have428VHPhave one429CDone shot430NNshot at431INat a432DTa ...433:... at434INat a435DTa federal436JJfederal forum437NNforum .438SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]439LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But440CCbut that441DTthat 's442VBZbe not443RBnot true444JJtrue .445SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]446LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Presume447VVPpresume ...448:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]449LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] All450DTall defendants451NNSdefendant do452VVPdo n't453RBn't have454VHhave a455DTa shot456NNshot at457INat removal458NNremoval .459SENT. Only460RBonly if461INif everybody462NNeverybody agrees463VVZagree ,464,, in465INin an466DTan original467JJoriginal action468NNaction ,469,, all470DTall defendants471NNSdefendant have472VHPhave to473TOto agree474VVagree to475TOto removal476NNremoval ,477,, correct478JJcorrect ?479SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]480LOC[MR. BARNETTE] That481DTthat is482VBZbe correct483JJcorrect ,484,, Your485PP$your Honor486NPHonor .487SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]488LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] So489RBso not490RBnot every491DTevery defendant492NNdefendant individually493RBindividually has494VHZhave a495DTa right496NNright to497TOto removal498NNremoval .499SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]500LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Your501PP$your Honor502NPHonor ,503,, in504INin Shamrock505NPShamrock Oil506NPOil ,507,, the508DTthe Court509NPCourt looked510VVDlook at511INat that512DTthat history513NNhistory ,514,, looked515VVNlook at516INat ...517:... basically518RBbasically ,519,, Congress520NPCongress had521VHDhave said522VVNsay plaintiffs523NNSplaintiff can524MDcan 't525RB't remove526VVremove .527SENT. We528PPwe know529VVPknow that530RBthat .531SENT. Originally532RBoriginally ,533,, the534DTthe right535NNright to536TOto removal537NNremoval was538VBDbe given539VVNgive to540TOto defendants541NNSdefendant only542RBonly .543SENT. For544INfor about545RBabout 20546CD@card@ years547NNSyear after548INafter the549DTthe Civil550NPCivil War551NPWar ,552,, it553PPit was554VBDbe given555VVNgive to556TOto both557DTboth plaintiffs558NNSplaintiff and559CCand defendants560NNSdefendant .561SENT. And562CCand then563RBthen ,564,, in565INin 1887566CD@card@ ,567,, again568RBagain ,569,, it570PPit was571VBDbe given572VVNgive back573RBback to574TOto only575JJonly defendants576NNSdefendant .577SENT. So578INso this579DTthis Court580NPCourt in581INin Shamrock582NPShamrock Oil583NPOil ...584:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]585LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] My586PP$my point587NNpoint still588RBstill remains589VVZremain that590IN/thatthat the591DTthe statute592NNstatute by593INby its594PP$its own595JJown form596NNform does597VVZdo n't598RBn't guarantee599VVguarantee the600DTthe power601NNpower to602TOto every603DTevery defendant604NNdefendant to605TOto remove606VVremove .607SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]608LOC[MR. BARNETTE] So609RBso ,610,, in611INin Shamrock612NPShamrock Oil613NPOil ,614,, the615DTthe Court616NPCourt ,617,, Your618PP$your Honor619NPHonor ,620,, held621VVNhold because622INbecause of623INof this624DTthis binary625JJbinary selection626NNselection that627IN/thatthat Congress628NPCongress has629VHZhave made630VVNmake ,631,, you632PPyou 're633VBPbe either634RBeither a635DTa plaintiff636NNplaintiff or637CCor a638DTa defendant639NNdefendant .640SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]641LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Well642UHWell ,643,, how644WRBhow about645RBabout in646INin a647DTa ...648:... how649WRBhow about650RBabout ...651:... [MR. BARNETTE]652LOC[MR. BARNETTE] If653INif you654PPyou 're655VBPbe the656DTthe plaintiff657NNplaintiff ,658,, then659RBthen you660PPyou 're661VBPbe not662RBnot the663DTthe defendant664NNdefendant .665SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]666LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] If667INif your668PP$your theory669NNtheory is670VBZbe this671DTthis right672NNright of673INof removal674NNremoval ,675,, how676WRBhow about677RBabout an678DTan involuntary679JJinvoluntary plaintiff680NNplaintiff ?681SENT? Under682INunder Federal683NPFederal Rule684NPRule 19685CD@card@ (686(( a687DTa )688)) (689(( 2690LS2 )691)) ,692,, some693DTsome people694NNSpeople can695MDcan be696VBbe made697VVNmake involuntary698JJinvoluntary plaintiffs699NNSplaintiff .700SENT. Do701VVdo they702PPthey have703VHPhave a704DTa right705NNright to706TOto remove707VVremove ?708SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]709LOC[MR. BARNETTE] No710NPNo ,711,, Your712PP$your Honor713NPHonor .714SENT. The715DTthe right716NNright to717TOto removal718NNremoval ...719:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]720LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Would721MDwould there722RBthere be723VBbe ...724:... [MR. BARNETTE]725LOC[MR. BARNETTE] ...726:... is727VBZbe given728VVNgive to729TOto the730DTthe defendant731NNdefendant or732CCor the733DTthe defendants734NNSdefendant ...735:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]736LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] They737PPthey never738RBnever had739VHDhave a740DTa chance741NNchance ...742:... [MR. BARNETTE]743LOC[MR. BARNETTE] ...744:... under745INunder 1441746CD@card@ (747(( a748DTa )749)) .750SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]751LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] They752PPthey never753RBnever had754VHDhave a755DTa chance756NNchance to757TOto pick758VVpick a759DTa forum760NNforum .761SENT. That762DTthat 's763VBZbe the764DTthe main765JJmain support766NNsupport for767INfor your768PP$your theory769NNtheory .770SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]771LOC[MR. BARNETTE] So772INso the773DTthe Shamrock774NPShamrock ...775:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]776LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Which777WDTwhich is778VBZbe that779IN/thatthat everybody780NNeverybody should781MDshould have782VHhave one783CDone opportunity784NNopportunity to785TOto choose786VVchoose their787PP$their forum788NNforum ,789,, correct790JJcorrect ?791SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]792LOC[MR. BARNETTE] A793DTa defendant794NNdefendant ...795:... the796DTthe defendant797NNdefendant or798CCor the799DTthe defendants800NNSdefendant is801VBZbe entitled802VVNentitle to803TOto remove804VVremove under805INunder 1441806CD@card@ (807(( a808DTa )809)) .810SENT. In811INin Shamrock812NPShamrock Oil813NPOil ,814,, this815DTthis Court816NPCourt held817VVDhold ,818,, because819INbecause the820DTthe original821JJoriginal plaintiff822NNplaintiff is823VBZbe not824RBnot solely825RBsolely the826DTthe defendant827NNdefendant ,828,, they829PPthey do830VVPdo n't831RBn't have832VHhave that833DTthat right834NNright .835SENT. Therefore836RBtherefore ,837,, also838RBalso ,839,, you840PPyou would841MDwould n't842RBn't need843VVneed their844PP$their right845NNright to846TOto consent847VVconsent to848TOto removal849NNremoval by850INby other851JJother defendants852NNSdefendant .853SENT. In854INin the855DTthe same856JJsame scenario857NNscenario ,858,, the859DTthe original860JJoriginal defendant861NNdefendant that862WDTthat files863VVZfile an864DTan additional865JJadditional claim866NNclaim bringing867VVGbring in868INin a869DTa new870JJnew party871NNparty defendant872NNdefendant ,873,, they874PPthey 're875VBPbe a876DTa plaintiff877NNplaintiff at878INat that879DTthat point880NNpoint .881SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]882LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] So883RBso ...884:... [MR. BARNETTE]885LOC[MR. BARNETTE] This886DTthis Court887NPCourt in888INin Merchant889NPMerchant Heat890NPHeat &891CC& Light892NPLight said893VVDsay you894PPyou step895VVstep into896INinto the897DTthe role898NNrole of899INof the900DTthe plaintiff901NNplaintiff .902SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]903LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] So904RBso ,905,, counsel906NNcounsel ,907,, if908INif I909PPI understand910VVPunderstand your911PP$your answer912NNanswer to913TOto Justice914NPJustice Sotomayor915NPSotomayor ,916,, it917PPit 's918VBZbe that919IN/thatthat counterclaim920NNcounterclaim defendants921NNSdefendant count922VVPcount as923INas defendants924NNSdefendant for925INfor purposes926NNSpurpose of927INof 1441928CD@card@ ,929,, but930CCbut plaintiffs931NNSplaintiff do932VVPdo n't933RBn't ,934,, even935RBeven though936INthough they937PPthey ...938:... counterclaim939NNcounterclaim defendant940NNdefendant ...941:... plaintiffs942NNSplaintiff do943VVPdo n't944RBn't ,945,, even946RBeven though947INthough they948PPthey 're949VBPbe the950DTthe original951JJoriginal defendant952NNdefendant .953SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]954LOC[MR. BARNETTE] It955PPit ...956:... it957PPit ...958:... [JUSTICE GORSUCH]959LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] Now960RBnow how961WRBhow can962MDcan it963PPit be964VBbe that965IN/thatthat the966DTthe word967NNword "968''" defendant969NNdefendant "970``" expands971VVZexpand and972CCand contracts973NNScontract like974INlike that975DTthat ?976SENT? I977PPI ...978:... I979PPI could980MDcould understand981VVunderstand an982DTan argument983NNargument that984IN/thatthat everybody985NNeverybody who986WPwho 's987VBZbe a988DTa defendant989NNdefendant in990INin any991DTany claim992NNclaim in993INin the994DTthe case995NNcase might996MDmight count997VVcount as998INas a999DTa defendant1000NNdefendant for1001INfor purposes1002NNSpurpose of1003INof 14411004CD@card@ ,1005,, but1006CCbut what1007WPwhat I1008PPI can1009MDcan 't1010RB't abide1011VVabide or1012CCor understand1013VVunderstand at1014INat least1015JJSleast is1016VBZbe how1017WRBhow the1018DTthe word1019NNword "1020``" defendant1021NNdefendant "1022''" could1023MDcould ...1024:... could1025MDcould be1026VBbe so1027RBso Procrustean1028JJProcrustean as1029RBas to1030TOto just1031RBjust happen1032VVhappen to1033TOto fit1034VVfit you1035PPyou .1036SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]1037LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Your1038PP$your Honor1039NPHonor ,1040,, just1041RBjust to1042TOto briefly1043RBbriefly adjust1044VVadjust what1045WPwhat you1046PPyou said1047VVDsay in1048INin your1049PP$your question1050NNquestion ,1051,, if1052INif I1053PPI may1054MDmay ,1055,, we1056PPwe 're1057VBPbe not1058RBnot saying1059VVGsay counterclaim1060NNcounterclaim defendants1061NNSdefendant .1062SENT. We1063PPwe 're1064VBPbe saying1065VVGsay the1066DTthe parties1067NNSparty that1068WDTthat are1069VBPbe solely1070RBsolely defendants1071NNSdefendant .1072SENT. A1073DTa counterclaim1074NNcounterclaim defendant1075NNdefendant that1076WDTthat 's1077VBZbe an1078DTan original1079JJoriginal plaintiff1080NNplaintiff ,1081,, we're1082NNwe're ...1083:... we1084PPwe do1085VVPdo n't1086RBn't say1087VVPsay has1088VHZhave the1089DTthe right1090NNright to1091TOto remove1092VVremove under1093INunder Shamrock1094NPShamrock Oil1095NPOil .1096SENT. We1097PPwe take1098VVPtake the1099DTthe Court1100NPCourt 's1101POS's holding1102NNholding there1103RBthere as1104INas a1105DTa given1106VVNgive .1107SENT. But1108CCbut we1109PPwe 're1110VBPbe not1111RBnot within1112INwithin that1113DTthat holding1114NNholding .1115SENT. We1116PPwe 're1117VBPbe saying1118VVGsay ,1119,, if1120INif you1121PPyou 're1122VBPbe solely1123RBsolely a1124DTa defendant1125NNdefendant ,1126,, that1127WDTthat 's1128VBZbe your1129PP$your only1130JJonly role1131NNrole .1132SENT. On1133INon the1134DTthe binary1135JJbinary choice1136NNchoice Congress1137NPCongress has1138VHZhave established1139VVNestablish ,1140,, you1141PPyou 're1142VBPbe either1143RBeither a1144DTa plaintiff1145NNplaintiff or1146CCor a1147DTa defendant1148NNdefendant .1149SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]1150LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] But1151CCbut ...1152:... but1153RBbut ...1154:... but1155CCbut that1156WDTthat does1157VVZdo n't1158RBn't ...1159:... [MR. BARNETTE]1160LOC[MR. BARNETTE] If1161INif you1162PPyou 're1163VBPbe not1164RBnot a1165DTa plaintiff1166NNplaintiff of1167INof any1168DTany sort1169NNsort ,1170,, you1171PPyou have1172VHPhave to1173TOto be1174VBbe a1175DTa defendant1176NNdefendant .1177SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]1178LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] Counsel1179NPCounsel ,1180,, that1181WDTthat still1182RBstill just1183RBjust ...1184:... I1185PPI got1186VVDget it1187PPit ,1188,, but1189CCbut that1190WDTthat does1191VVZdo n't1192RBn't answer1193VVanswer the1194DTthe question1195NNquestion ,1196,, though1197RBthough ,1198,, all1199DTall right1200NNright ?1201SENT? You1202PPyou 're1203VBPbe saying1204VVGsay that1205IN/thatthat the1206DTthe plaintiff1207NNplaintiff here1208RBhere is1209VBZbe no1210RBno longer1211RBRlonger ...1212:... does1213VVZdo n't1214RBn't qualify1215VVqualify as1216INas a1217DTa defendant1218NNdefendant ...1219:... [MR. BARNETTE]1220LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Correct1221JJcorrect .1222SENT. [JUSTICE GORSUCH]1223LOC[JUSTICE GORSUCH] ...1224:... even1225RBeven though1226INthough the1227DTthe plaintiff1228NNplaintiff in1229INin this1230DTthis claim1231NNclaim was1232VBDbe the1233DTthe original1234JJoriginal defendant1235NNdefendant .1236SENT. How1237WRBHow could1238MDcould that1239RBthat be1240VBbe ?1241SENT? How1242WRBHow come1243VVPcome they1244PPthey 're1245VBPbe not1246RBnot a1247DTa defendant1248NNdefendant too1249RBtoo for1250INfor purposes1251NNSpurpose of1252INof 241253CD@card@ 14411254CD@card@ ?1255SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]1256LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Again1257NPAgain ,1258,, because1259RBbecause ,1260,, as1261INas this1262DTthis Court1263NPCourt said1264VVDsay in1265INin Merchant1266NNmerchant Heats1267NNSheat &1268CC& ...1269:... Merchants1270NPMerchants Heat1271NPHeat &1272CC& Light1273NPLight ,1274,, excuse1275VVexcuse me1276PPme ,1277,, once1278RBonce you1279PPyou file1280VVPfile that1281IN/thatthat additional1282JJadditional claim1283NNclaim ,1284,, third-party1285JJthird-party claim1286NNclaim ,1287,, you1288PPyou then1289RBthen ...1290:... that1291DTthat original1292JJoriginal defendant1293NNdefendant steps1294NNSstep into1295INinto the1296DTthe role1297NNrole of1298INof plaintiff1299NNplaintiff .1300SENT. And1301CCand just1302RBjust like1303INlike any1304DTany other1305JJother plaintiff1306NNplaintiff ,1307,, like1308INlike the1309DTthe original1310JJoriginal plaintiff1311NNplaintiff ,1312,, like1313INlike this1314DTthis defendant-plaintiff1315NNdefendant-plaintiff ,1316,, those1317DTthose parties1318NNSparty just1319RBjust go1320VVPgo along1321RPalong with1322INwith the1323DTthe removal1324NNremoval .1325SENT. Plaintiffs1326NNSplaintiff do1327VVPdo n't1328RBn't consent1329VVconsent to1330TOto the1331DTthe removal1332NNremoval ,1333,, as1334INas the1335DTthe justice1336NNjustice pointed1337VVDpoint out1338RPout .1339SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1340LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Does1341VVZdo your1342PP$your theory1343NNtheory fall1344NNfall apart1345RBapart if1346INif we1347PPwe do1348VVPdo n't1349RBn't accept1350VVaccept your1351PP$your claim-by-claim1352NNclaim-by-claim analysis1353NNanalysis ?1354SENT? You1355PPyou approach1356VVPapproach this1357DTthis claim1358NNclaim by1359INby claim1360NNclaim .1361SENT. I1362PPI 'm1363VBPbe not1364RBnot quite1365RBquite sure1366JJsure how1367WRBhow we1368PPwe can1369MDcan ...1370:... you1371PPyou can1372MDcan do1373VVdo that1374IN/thatthat since1375INsince the1376DTthe statute1377NNstatute speaks1378VVZspeak about1379INabout a1380DTa civil1381JJcivil action1382NNaction and1383CCand it1384PPit talks1385VVZtalk about1386INabout removal1387NNremoval of1388INof an1389DTan action1390NNaction ,1391,, not1392RBnot a1393DTa removal1394NNremoval of1395INof a1396DTa claim1397NNclaim .1398SENT. But1399CCbut ,1400,, assuming1401VVGassume we1402PPwe do1403VVPdo n't1404RBn't accept1405VVaccept your1406PP$your theory1407NNtheory that1408IN/thatthat removal1409NNremoval 's1410POS's claim1411NNclaim by1412INby claim1413NNclaim ,1414,, where1415WRBwhere does1416VVZdo that1417RBthat leave1418VVleave you1419PPyou ?1420SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]1421LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Your1422PP$your Honor1423NPHonor ,1424,, you1425PPyou 're1426VBPbe correct1427JJcorrect ,1428,, 14411429CD@card@ and1430CCand 14531431CD@card@ talk1432NNtalk about1433RBabout ...1434:... I1435PPI 'm1436VBPbe sorry1437JJsorry ,1438,, talk1439NNtalk about1440INabout removing1441VVGremove the1442DTthe civil1443JJcivil action1444NNaction ...1445:... and1446CCand 14461447CD@card@ ...1448:... but1449CCbut the1450DTthe point1451NNpoint here1452RBhere is1453VBZbe this1454DTthis Court1455NPCourt held1456VVDhold very1457RBvery clearly1458RBclearly in1459INin Exxon1460NPExxon ...1461:... Exxon1462NPExxon versus1463CCversus Allapattah1464NPAllapattah you1465PPyou have1466VHPhave to1467TOto look1468VVlook at1469INat the1470DTthe claims1471NNSclaim within1472INwithin the1473DTthe civil1474JJcivil action1475NNaction to1476TOto determine1477VVdetermine jurisdiction1478NNjurisdiction .1479SENT. Rule1480NNrule 81481CD8 is1482VBZbe a1483DTa short1484JJshort and1485CCand plain1486JJplain ...1487:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1488LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] That1489DTthat 's1490VBZbe different1491JJdifferent than1492INthan ...1493:... [MR. BARNETTE]1494LOC[MR. BARNETTE] ...1495:... statement1496NNstatement of1497INof a1498DTa claim1499NNclaim entitling1500VVGentitle you1501PPyou to1502TOto relief1503NNrelief .1504SENT. It1505PPit 's1506VBZbe not1507RBnot the1508DTthe civil1509JJcivil action1510NNaction that1511WDTthat entitles1512VVZentitle a1513DTa party1514NNparty to1515TOto relief1516NNrelief .1517SENT. It1518PPit 's1519VBZbe the1520DTthe claim1521NNclaim .1522SENT. You1523PPyou have1524VHPhave to1525TOto look1526VVlook at1527INat the1528DTthe claim1529NNclaim to1530TOto determine1531VVdetermine the1532DTthe amount1533NNamount in1534INin controversy1535NNcontroversy .1536SENT. So1537RBso once1538RBonce ...1539:... and1540CCand once1541RBonce one1542CDone ...1543:... one1544CDone ...1545:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1546LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] The1547DTthe removal1548NNremoval ...1549:... the1550DTthe removal1551NNremoval statutes1552NNSstatute say1553VVPsay you1554PPyou look1555VVPlook at1556INat the1557DTthe cost1558NNcost ...1559:... you1560PPyou look1561VVPlook at1562INat the1563DTthe action1564NNaction ,1565,, not1566RBnot the1567DTthe claim1568NNclaim .1569SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]1570LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Well1571UHWell ,1572,, 14461573CD@card@ (1574(( b1575LSb )1576)) says1577VVZsay that1578IN/thatthat once1579RBonce there1580EXthere 's1581VBZbe a1582DTa claim1583NNclaim that1584WDTthat establishes1585VVZestablish jurisdiction1586NNjurisdiction ,1587,, that1588WDTthat 's1589VBZbe when1590WRBwhen you1591PPyou have1592VHPhave 301593CD@card@ days1594NNSday to1595TOto remove1596VVremove .1597SENT. That1598DTthat ...1599:... the1600DTthe claim1601NNclaim is1602VBZbe key1603JJkey here1604RBhere .1605SENT. The1606DTthe civil1607JJcivil action1608NNaction is1609VBZbe just1610RBjust ...1611:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1612LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But1613CCbut it1614PPit 's1615VBZbe so1616RBso ...1617:... [MR. BARNETTE]1618LOC[MR. BARNETTE] ...1619:... the1620DTthe overarching1621JJoverarching matter1622NNmatter or1623CCor lawsuit1624NNlawsuit .1625SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1626LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] You1627PPyou do1628VVPdo n't1629RBn't have1630VHhave a1631DTa right1632NNright under1633INunder your1634PP$your theory1635NNtheory to1636TOto ...1637:... well1638UHwell ,1639,, you1640PPyou have1641VHPhave a1642DTa right1643NNright that1644IN/thatthat you1645PPyou do1646VVPdo n't1647RBn't have1648VHhave normally1649RBnormally .1650SENT. If1651INif you1652PPyou have1653VHPhave a1654DTa claim1655NNclaim as1656INas a1657DTa counterclaim1658NNcounterclaim defendant1659NNdefendant to1660TOto ...1661:... that1662WDTthat 's1663VBZbe not1664RBnot based1665VVNbase on1666INon original1667JJoriginal jurisdiction1668NNjurisdiction ,1669,, you1670PPyou 're1671VBPbe still1672RBstill claiming1673VVGclaim you1674PPyou have1675VHPhave a1676DTa right1677NNright to1678TOto remove1679VVremove ?1680SENT? You1681PPyou were1682VBDbe never1683RBnever entitled1684VVNentitle to1685TOto a1686DTa federal1687JJfederal forum1688NNforum to1689TOto start1690VVstart with1691INwith .1692SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]1693LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Your1694PP$your Honor1695NPHonor ,1696,, this1697DTthis case1698NNcase is1699VBZbe a1700DTa qualifying1701VVGqualify class1702NNclass action1703NNaction under1704INunder CAFA1705NPCAFA that1706IN/thatthat ,1707,, by1708INby definition1709NNdefinition ,1710,, is1711VBZbe within1712INwithin the1713DTthe original1714JJoriginal jurisdiction1715NNjurisdiction of1716INof the1717DTthe district1718NNdistrict courts1719NNScourt .1720SENT. We1721PPwe ...1722:... [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1723LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] No1724NPNo .1725SENT. Now1726RBnow you1727PPyou 're1728VBPbe looking1729VVGlook at1730INat the1731DTthe overall1732JJoverall claim1733NNclaim .1734SENT. You1735PPyou 're1736VBPbe not1737RBnot saying1738VVGsay to1739TOto us1740PPus look1741VVPlook at1742INat the1743DTthe claim1744NNclaim that1745WDTthat makes1746VVZmake you1747PPyou a1748DTa defendant1749NNdefendant .1750SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]1751LOC[MR. BARNETTE] The1752DTthe claim1753NNclaim we1754PPwe removed1755VVNremove is1756VBZbe the1757DTthe class1758NNclass action1759NNaction .1760SENT. We1761PPwe were1762VBDbe n't1763RBn't in1764INin the1765DTthe case1766NNcase before1767INbefore the1768DTthe class1769NNclass action1770NNaction .1771SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1772LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Well1773UHWell ,1774,, that1775WDTthat is1776VBZbe true1777JJtrue ,1778,, but1779CCbut ...1780:... [MR. BARNETTE]1781LOC[MR. BARNETTE] So1782INso we1783PPwe 're1784VBPbe not1785RBnot a1786DTa counterclaim1787NNcounterclaim defendant1788NNdefendant ,1789,, if1790INif I1791PPI could1792MDcould point1793VVpoint that1794IN/thatthat out1795RBout .1796SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1797LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] But1798CCbut ,1799,, under1800INunder your1801PP$your theory1802NNtheory ,1803,, if1804INif there1805EXthere 's1806VBZbe a1807DTa counterclaim1808NNcounterclaim defendant1809NNdefendant and1810CCand it1811PPit 's1812VBZbe not1813RBnot filing1814VVGfile an1815DTan original1816JJoriginal action1817NNaction ,1818,, you1819PPyou could1820MDcould still1821RBstill remove1822VVremove ?1823SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]1824LOC[MR. BARNETTE] I1825PPI 'm1826VBPbe sorry1827JJsorry ,1828,, could1829MDcould you1830PPyou repeat1831VVrepeat that1832IN/thatthat ,1833,, Your1834PP$your Honor1835NPHonor ?1836SENT? [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]1837LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Is1838VBZbe it1839PPit ...1840:... if1841INif you1842PPyou 're1843VBPbe looking1844VVGlook at1845INat the1846DTthe claim1847NNclaim ,1848,, if1849INif you1850PPyou 're1851VBPbe a1852DTa counterclaim1853NNcounterclaim defendant1854NNdefendant ,1855,, are1856VBPbe you1857PPyou looking1858VVGlook at1859INat the1860DTthe original1861JJoriginal action1862NNaction or1863CCor are1864VBPbe you1865PPyou looking1866VVGlook at1867INat your1868PP$your action1869NNaction or1870CCor your1871PP$your ...1872:... [MR. BARNETTE]1873LOC[MR. BARNETTE] We1874PPwe 're1875VBPbe looking1876VVGlook at1877INat the1878DTthe claim1879NNclaim that1880WDTthat 's1881VBZbe being1882VBGbe removed1883VVNremove .1884SENT. But1885CCbut ,1886,, just1887RBjust to1888TOto be1889VBbe clear1890JJclear ,1891,, we1892PPwe are1893VBPbe not1894RBnot a1895DTa counterclaim1896NNcounterclaim defendant1897NNdefendant .1898SENT. Rule1899NNrule 131900CD@card@ is1901VBZbe specific1902JJspecific on1903INon what1904WPwhat counterclaims1905NNScounterclaim are1906VBPbe .1907SENT. That1908DTthat 's1909VBZbe a1910DTa ...1911:... a1912DTa claim1913NNclaim a1914DTa party1915NNparty has1916VHZhave against1917INagainst an1918DTan opposing1919JJopposing party1920NNparty .1921SENT. We1922PPwe were1923VBDbe not1924RBnot in1925INin that1926DTthat original1927JJoriginal case1928NNcase .1929SENT. That1930DTthat 's1931VBZbe absolutely1932RBabsolutely correct1933JJcorrect .1934SENT. But1935CCbut 14411936CD@card@ does1937VVZdo not1938RBnot say1939VVsay only1940RBonly the1941DTthe original1942JJoriginal defendant1943NNdefendant can1944MDcan remove1945VVremove .1946SENT. It1947PPit does1948VVZdo not1949RBnot say1950VVsay only1951JJonly claims1952NNSclaim brought1953VVNbring by1954INby the1955DTthe original1956JJoriginal plaintiff1957NNplaintiff can1958MDcan be1959VBbe removed1960VVNremove .1961SENT. It1962PPit does1963VVZdo n't1964RBn't say1965VVsay only1966JJonly claims1967NNSclaim by1968INby the1969DTthe original1970JJoriginal plaintiff1971NNplaintiff against1972INagainst the1973DTthe original1974JJoriginal defendant1975NNdefendant can1976MDcan be1977VBbe removed1978VVNremove .1979SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]1980LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] But1981CCbut ,1982,, Mr1983NPMr .1984SENT. Barnette1985NPBarnette ,1986,, as1987RBas ...1988:... as1989INas Justice1990NPJustice Sotomayor1991NPSotomayor was1992VBDbe saying1993VVGsay ,1994,, 14411995CD@card@ (1996(( a1997DTa )1998)) ,1999,, which2000WDTwhich is2001VBZbe the2002DTthe principal2003JJprincipal removal2004NNremoval statute2005NNstatute ,2006,, says2007VVZsay that2008IN/thatthat a2009DTa civil2010JJcivil action2011NNaction ,2012,, not2013RBnot claims2014NNSclaim ,2015,, but2016CCbut a2017DTa civil2018JJcivil action2019NNaction can2020MDcan be2021VBbe removed2022VVNremove where2023WRBwhere the2024DTthe district2025NNdistrict courts2026NNScourt have2027VHPhave original2028JJoriginal jurisdiction2029NNjurisdiction .2030SENT. And2031CCand what2032WPwhat I2033PPI 've2034VHPhave always2035RBalways taken2036VVNtake that2037IN/thatthat to2038TOto mean2039VVmean is2040VBZbe that2041IN/thatthat to2042TOto look2043VVlook for2044INfor original2045JJoriginal jurisdiction2046NNjurisdiction ,2047,, you2048PPyou look2049VVPlook to2050TOto the2051DTthe plaintiff2052NNplaintiff 's2053POS's complaint2054NNcomplaint ,2055,, the2056DTthe original2057JJoriginal plaintiff2058NNplaintiff .2059SENT. It2060PPit gives2061VVZgive you2062PPyou original2063JJoriginal jurisdiction2064NNjurisdiction .2065SENT. So2066RBso ,2067,, there2068RBthere ,2069,, the2070DTthe plaintiff2071NNplaintiff 's2072POS's complaint2073NNcomplaint does2074VVZdo n't2075RBn't have2076VHhave any2077DTany claims2078NNSclaim that2079WDTthat belong2080VVPbelong in2081INin federal2082JJfederal court2083NNcourt .2084SENT. So2085RBso where2086WRBwhere do2087VVPdo you2088PPyou get2089VVget the2090DTthe authority2091NNauthority to2092TOto remove2093VVremove under2094INunder 14412095CD@card@ (2096(( a2097DTa )2098)) ?2099SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]2100LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Again2101NPAgain ,2102,, Your2103PP$your Honor2104NPHonor ,2105,, this2106DTthis class2107NNclass action2108NNaction qualifies2109VVZqualify under2110INunder CAFA2111NPCAFA ,2112,, which2113WDTwhich establishes2114VVZestablish that2115IN/thatthat it2116PPit 's2117VBZbe within2118INwithin the2119DTthe original2120JJoriginal jurisdiction2121NNjurisdiction of2122INof the2123DTthe district2124NNdistrict courts2125NNScourt .2126SENT. I2127PPI could2128MDcould ...2129:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]2130LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Well2131UHWell ,2132,, your2133PP$your claim2134NNclaim might2135MDmight be2136VBbe under2137INunder the2138DTthe original2139JJoriginal jurisdiction2140NNjurisdiction of2141INof the2142DTthe district2143NNdistrict courts2144NNScourt if2145INif it2146PPit had2147VHDhave ...2148:... or2149CCor not2150RBnot your2151PP$your claim2152NNclaim but2153CCbut the2154DTthe claim2155NNclaim to2156TOto which2157WDTwhich you2158PPyou are2159VBPbe defendant2160JJdefendant ,2161,, if2162INif that2163WDTthat had2164VHDhave started2165VVNstart the2166DTthe lawsuit2167NNlawsuit .2168SENT. But2169CCbut that2170WDTthat did2171VVDdo n't2172RBn't start2173VVstart the2174DTthe lawsuit2175NNlawsuit .2176SENT. The2177DTthe lawsuit2178NNlawsuit ,2179,, the2180DTthe civil2181JJcivil action2182NNaction ,2183,, was2184VBDbe started2185VVNstart by2186INby a2187DTa claim2188NNclaim that2189WDTthat 's2190VBZbe completely2191RBcompletely non-federal2192JJnon-federal in2193INin nature2194NNnature .2195SENT. And2196CCand you2197PPyou look2198VVPlook to2199TOto the2200DTthe original2201JJoriginal claim2202NNclaim to2203TOto decide2204VVdecide whether2205INwhether the2206DTthe courts2207NNScourt have2208VHPhave original2209JJoriginal jurisdiction2210NNjurisdiction ,2211,, do2212VVPdo n't2213RBn't you2214PPyou ?2215SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]2216LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Your2217PP$your Honor2218NPHonor ,2219,, this2220DTthis is2221VBZbe a2222DTa somewhat2223RBsomewhat unusual2224JJunusual situation2225NNsituation ,2226,, although2227INalthough it2228PPit 's2229VBZbe becoming2230VVGbecome increasingly2231RBincreasingly less2232RBRless unusual2233JJunusual because2234INbecause these2235DTthese class2236NNclass actions2237NNSaction keep2238VVPkeep getting2239VVGget filed2240VVNfile .2241SENT. But2242CCbut ,2243,, to2244TOto your2245PP$your point2246NNpoint ,2247,, Mr2248NPMr .2249SENT. Jackson2250NPJackson essentially2251RBessentially filed2252VVDfile a2253DTa new2254JJnew civil2255JJcivil action2256NNaction in2257INin the2258DTthe existing2259JJexisting case2260NNcase .2261SENT. Rule2262NNrule 32263CD3 says2264VVZsay a2265DTa civil2266JJcivil action2267NNaction commences2268VVZcommence with2269INwith the2270DTthe filing2271NNfiling of2272INof a2273DTa complaint2274NNcomplaint in2275INin court2276NNcourt .2277SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]2278LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Well2279UHwell ,2280,, it2281PPit might2282MDmight be2283VBbe unusual2284JJunusual ,2285,, and2286CCand it2287PPit might2288MDmight be2289VBbe that2290IN/thatthat the2291DTthe rules2292NNSrule were2293VBDbe n't2294RBn't contemplating2295VVGcontemplate this2296DTthis situation2297NNsituation ,2298,, although2299INalthough I2300PPI do2301VVPdo n't2302RBn't really2303RBreally think2304VVPthink that2305IN/thatthat that2306DTthat 's2307VBZbe true2308JJtrue ,2309,, because2310INbecause the2311DTthe rules2312NNSrule contemplate2313VVPcontemplate very2314RBvery liberal2315JJliberal joinder2316NNjoinder and2317CCand of2318INof all2319DTall parties2320NNSparty .2321SENT. But2322CCbut ,2323,, regardless2324RBregardless ,2325,, the2326DTthe rule2327NNrule is2328VBZbe the2329DTthe rule2330NNrule .2331SENT. And2332CCand the2333DTthe rule2334NNrule says2335VVZsay ,2336,, when2337WRBwhen you2338PPyou try2339VVPtry to2340TOto figure2341VVfigure out2342RPout removal2343NNremoval ,2344,, you2345PPyou look2346VVPlook to2347TOto whether2348INwhether the2349DTthe court2350NNcourt ,2351,, the2352DTthe federal2353JJfederal court2354NNcourt ,2355,, would2356MDwould have2357VHhave original2358JJoriginal jurisdiction2359NNjurisdiction of2360INof the2361DTthe case2362NNcase .2363SENT. And2364CCand to2365TOto do2366VVdo that2367IN/thatthat ,2368,, I2369PPI mean2370VVPmean ,2371,, I2372PPI have2373VHPhave to2374TOto say2375VVsay there2376EXthere 's2377VBZbe only2378RBonly one2379CDone ...2380:... one2381CDone place2382NNplace to2383TOto look2384VVlook to2385TOto decide2386VVdecide whether2387INwhether original2388JJoriginal jurisdiction2389NNjurisdiction exists2390VVZexist ,2391,, and2392CCand that2393WDTthat 's2394VBZbe to2395TOto the2396DTthe plaintiff2397NNplaintiff 's2398POS's original2399JJoriginal complaint2400NNcomplaint .2401SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]2402LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Respectfully2403RBrespectfully ,2404,, Your2405PP$your Honor2406NPHonor ,2407,, I2408PPI do2409VVPdo n't2410RBn't believe2411VVbelieve that2412DTthat 's2413VBZbe what2414WPwhat the2415DTthe statute2416NNstatute says2417VVZsay .2418SENT. That2419DTthat 's2420VBZbe not2421RBnot what2422WPwhat 14412423CD@card@ (2424(( a2425DTa )2426)) says2427VVZsay and2428CCand that2429WDTthat 's2430VBZbe not2431RBnot what2432WPwhat 13322433CD@card@ (2434(( d2435LSd )2436)) (2437(( 22438LS2 )2439)) says2440VVZsay as2441RBas far2442RBfar as2443INas CAFA2444NPCAFA removals2445NNSremoval .2446SENT. Again2447RBagain ,2448,, a2449DTa defendant2450NNdefendant or2451CCor defendant2452NNdefendant can2453MDcan remove2454VVremove a2455DTa civil2456JJcivil action2457NNaction that2458WDTthat 's2459VBZbe within2460INwithin the2461DTthe original2462JJoriginal jurisdiction2463NNjurisdiction of2464INof the2465DTthe district2466NNdistrict courts2467NNScourt .2468SENT. We2469PPwe are2470VBPbe squarely2471RBsquarely within2472INwithin that2473DTthat language2474NNlanguage .2475SENT. We2476PPwe are2477VBPbe a2478DTa defendant2479NNdefendant .2480SENT. All2481RBall we2482PPwe are2483VBPbe in2484INin this2485DTthis case2486NNcase is2487VBZbe a2488DTa defendant2489NNdefendant .2490SENT. We2491PPwe 're2492VBPbe a2493DTa class2494NNclass action2495NNaction defendant2496NNdefendant .2497SENT. CAFA2498NPCAFA gives2499VVZgive the2500DTthe original2501JJoriginal jurisdiction2502NNjurisdiction .2503SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]2504LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] I2505PPI mean2506VVPmean ,2507,, the2508DTthe question2509NNquestion is2510VBZbe you2511PPyou would2512MDwould ...2513:... you2514PPyou would2515MDwould be2516VBbe right2517JJright if2518INif this2519DTthis claim2520NNclaim started2521VVDstart ...2522:... excuse2523VVexcuse me2524PPme ,2525,, if2526INif this2527DTthis action2528NNaction started2529VVDstart with2530INwith the2531DTthe claim2532NNclaim against2533INagainst you2534PPyou .2535SENT. But2536CCbut it2537PPit did2538VVDdo n't2539RBn't start2540VVstart with2541INwith the2542DTthe claim2543NNclaim against2544INagainst you2545PPyou .2546SENT. And2547CCand you2548PPyou 're2549VBPbe suggesting2550VVGsuggest that2551IN/thatthat we2552PPwe essentially2553RBessentially ignore2554VVignore all2555PDTall this2556DTthis language2557NNlanguage about2558INabout original2559JJoriginal jurisdiction2560NNjurisdiction in2561INin order2562NNorder to2563TOto ,2564,, you2565PPyou know2566VVPknow ,2567,, get2568VVPget to2569TOto this2570DTthis second2571JJsecond claim2572NNclaim .2573SENT. But2574CCbut the2575DTthe second2576JJsecond claim2577NNclaim is2578VBZbe n't2579RBn't what2580WPwhat counts2581VVZcount under2582INunder 14412583CD@card@ .2584SENT. What2585WPWhat counts2586VVZcount under2587INunder 14412588CD@card@ is2589VBZbe the2590DTthe first2591JJfirst claim2592NNclaim .2593SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]2594LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Your2595PP$your Honor2596NPHonor ,2597,, I2598PPI would2599MDwould agree2600VVagree with2601INwith that2602DTthat analysis2603NNanalysis if2604INif 14412605CD@card@ (2606(( a2607DTa )2608)) said2609VVDsay only2610JJonly claims2611NNSclaim brought2612VVNbring by2613INby the2614DTthe original2615JJoriginal plaintiff2616NNplaintiff or2617CCor only2618RBonly the2619DTthe original2620JJoriginal defendant2621NNdefendant can2622MDcan remove2623VVremove ,2624,, but2625CCbut it2626PPit does2627VVZdo n't2628RBn't say2629VVsay that2630DTthat .2631SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]2632LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Well2633UHwell ,2634,, it2635PPit said2636VVDsay ...2637:... [MR. BARNETTE]2638LOC[MR. BARNETTE] All2639DTall it2640PPit says2641VVZsay is2642VBZbe original2643JJoriginal jurisdiction2644NNjurisdiction .2645SENT. This2646DTthis class2647NNclass action2648NNaction is2649VBZbe within2650INwithin the2651DTthe original2652JJoriginal jurisdiction2653NNjurisdiction .2654SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]2655LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] I2656PPI mean2657VVPmean ,2658,, to2659TOto ...2660:... to2661TOto ...2662:... I2663PPI 'm2664VBPbe repeating2665VVGrepeat myself2666PPmyself ,2667,, but2668CCbut to2669TOto decide2670VVdecide whether2671INwhether ...2672:... [MR. BARNETTE]2673LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Sorry2674RBsorry ,2675,, I2676PPI feel2677VVPfeel like2678INlike I2679PPI am2680VBPbe as2681RBas well2682RBwell .2683SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]2684LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] ...2685:... original2686JJoriginal jurisdiction2687NNjurisdiction exists2688VVZexist ,2689,, you2690PPyou look2691VVPlook to2692TOto the2693DTthe original2694JJoriginal claim2695NNclaim .2696SENT. That2697DTthat 's2698VBZbe what2699WPwhat original2700JJoriginal jurisdiction2701NNjurisdiction is2702VBZbe .2703SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]2704LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Well2705UHWell ,2706,, Your2707PP$your Honor2708NPHonor ,2709,, again2710RBagain ,2711,, we2712PPwe do2713VVPdo n't2714RBn't think2715VVthink that2716WDTthat 's2717VBZbe ...2718:... we2719PPwe think2720VVPthink that2721DTthat 's2722VBZbe an2723DTan atextual2724JJatextual reading2725NNreading of2726INof the2727DTthe statute2728NNstatute .2729SENT. I2730PPI would2731MDwould also2732RBalso point2733VVpoint out2734RPout that2735IN/thatthat the2736DTthe other2737JJother side2738NNside has2739VHZhave said2740VVNsay the2741DTthe sort2742NNsort of2743INof unanimous2744JJunanimous view2745NNview of2746INof the2747DTthe lower2748JJRlow courts2749NNScourt that2750IN/thatthat you2751PPyou can2752MDcan only2753RBonly have2754VHhave the2755DTthe original2756JJoriginal defendant2757NNdefendant remove2758VVremove and2759CCand you2760PPyou can2761MDcan 't2762RB't look2763NNlook beyond2764INbeyond that2765DTthat .2766SENT. Actually2767RBactually ,2768,, the2769DTthe Fifth2770NPFifth and2771CCand Eleventh2772JJeleventh Circuits2773NNScircuit have2774VHPhave allowed2775VVNallow additional2776JJadditional party2777NNparty defendants2778NNSdefendant ,2779,, new2780JJnew defendants2781NNSdefendant added2782VVDadd to2783TOto cases2784NNScase to2785TOto remove2786VVremove .2787SENT. So2788INso the2789DTthe analysis2790NNanalysis you2791PPyou 're2792VBPbe talking2793VVGtalk about2794RBabout has2795VHZhave not2796RBnot been2797VBNbe uniformly2798RBuniformly applied2799VVNapply throughout2800INthroughout the2801DTthe federal2802JJfederal courts2803NNScourt .2804SENT. We2805PPwe think2806VVPthink it2807PPit only2808RBonly makes2809VVZmake sense2810NNsense .2811SENT. I2812PPI mean2813VVPmean ,2814,, again2815RBagain ,2816,, you2817PPyou 're2818VBPbe ...2819:... we2820PPwe 're2821VBPbe not2822RBnot in2823INin the2824DTthe case2825NNcase prior2826RBprior .2827SENT. The2828DTthe only2829JJonly ...2830:... the2831DTthe first2832JJfirst time2833NNtime we2834PPwe 're2835VBPbe brought2836VVNbring in2837INin the2838DTthe case2839NNcase is2840VBZbe with2841INwith a2842DTa summons2843NNsummons ,2844,, and2845CCand under2846INunder Rule2847NPRule 42848CD4 ,2849,, the2850DTthe summons2851NNsummons goes2852VVZgo to2853TOto the2854DTthe defendant2855NNdefendant .2856SENT. That2857DTthat 's2858VBZbe the2859DTthe plain2860JJplain language2861NNlanguage .2862SENT. We2863PPwe got2864VVDget a2865DTa summons2866NNsummons and2867CCand complaint2868NNcomplaint in2869INin this2870DTthis case2871NNcase .2872SENT. We2873PPwe had2874VHDhave to2875TOto to2876TOto be2877VBbe brought2878VVNbring into2879INinto the2880DTthe case2881NNcase .2882SENT. We2883PPwe 're2884VBPbe not2885RBnot in2886INin the2887DTthe case2888NNcase otherwise2889RBotherwise .2890SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]2891LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Are2892VBPbe you2893PPyou ...2894:... are2895VBPbe you2896PPyou ...2897:... [MR. BARNETTE]2898LOC[MR. BARNETTE] They2899PPthey can2900MDcan 't2901RB't ...2902:... sorry2903JJsorry .2904SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]2905LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Listen2906NNlisten ,2907,, I2908PPI ...2909:... there2910EXthere is2911VBZbe ...2912:... what2913WPwhat I2914PPI 'm2915VBPbe about2916RBabout to2917TOto say2918VVsay has2919VHZhave some2920DTsome flaw2921NNflaw ,2922,, and2923CCand I2924PPI 'm2925VBPbe trying2926VVGtry to2927TOto figure2928VVfigure out2929RPout what2930WPwhat it2931PPit is2932VBZbe because2933INbecause they2934PPthey do2935VVPdo n't2936RBn't really2937RBreally make2938VVmake this2939DTthis argument2940NNargument ,2941,, and2942CCand ,2943,, therefore2944RBtherefore ...2945:... but2946RBbut ...2947:... but2948CCbut I2949PPI ...2950:... it2951PPit stopped2952VVDstop me2953PPme and2954CCand I2955PPI wanted2956VVDwant to2957TOto see2958VVsee what2959WPwhat the2960DTthe answer2961NNanswer was2962VBDbe .2963SENT. All2964DTall right2965NNright .2966SENT. A2967DTa class2968NNclass action2969NNaction may2970MDmay be2971VBbe removed2972VVNremove ,2973,, right2974RBright ?2975SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]2976LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Correct2977JJcorrect .2978SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]2979LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Okay2980NPOkay .2981SENT. So2982RBso we2983PPwe go2984VVPgo look2985VVlook to2986TOto see2987VVsee what2988WPwhat is2989VBZbe a2990DTa class2991NNclass action2992NNaction ,2993,, and2994CCand then2995RBthen we2996PPwe have2997VHPhave a2998DTa definition2999NNdefinition in3000INin 13323001CD@card@ for3002INfor these3003DTthese purposes3004NNSpurpose .3005SENT. It3006PPit says3007VVZsay the3008DTthe term3009NNterm "3010``" class3011NNclass action3012NNaction "3013``" means3014VVZmean any3015DTany civil3016JJcivil action3017NNaction ...3018:... okay3019RBokay ,3020,, this3021DTthis is3022VBZbe a3023DTa civil3024JJcivil action3025NNaction ...3026:... filed3027VVNfile under3028INunder Rule3029NPRule 233030CD@card@ .3031SENT. Well3032UHwell ,3033,, a3034DTa civil3035JJcivil action3036NNaction filed3037VVNfile under3038INunder Rule3039NPRule 233040CD@card@ ,3041,, I3042PPI mean3043VVPmean ,3044,, the3045DTthe plaintiff3046NNplaintiff filed3047VVDfile a3048DTa civil3049JJcivil action3050NNaction under3051INunder Rule3052NPRule 233053CD@card@ .3054SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]3055LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Or3056CCor a3057DTa state3058NNstate court3059NNcourt equivalent3060NNequivalent ,3061,, Your3062PP$your Honor3063NPHonor .3064SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3065LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] But3066CCbut that3067WDTthat was3068VBDbe n't3069RBn't a3070DTa class3071NNclass action3072NNaction .3073SENT. And3074CCand you3075PPyou did3076VVDdo n't3077RBn't file3078VVfile a3079DTa civil3080JJcivil action3081NNaction under3082INunder Rule3083NPRule 233084CD@card@ .3085SENT. What3086WPWhat you3087PPyou were3088VBDbe ,3089,, were3090VBDbe the3091DTthe defendant3092NNdefendant ,3093,, and3094CCand you3095PPyou brought3096VVDbring a3097DTa counterclaim3098NNcounterclaim against3099INagainst a3100DTa third-party3101JJthird-party ,3102,, or3103CCor you3104PPyou 're3105VBPbe the3106DTthe third-party3107JJthird-party ,3108,, or3109CCor whatever3110JJwhatever .3111SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]3112LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Yeah3113UHYeah ,3114,, we3115PPwe did3116VVDdo n't3117RBn't bring3118VVbring a3119DTa counterclaim3120NNcounterclaim at3121INat all3122DTall .3123SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3124LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] No3125UHNo ,3126,, no3127UHno ,3128,, no3129UHno ,3130,, no3131UHno ,3132,, it3133PPit 's3134VBZbe somebody3135NNsomebody ,3136,, the3137DTthe ...3138:... I3139PPI 'm3140VBPbe sorry3141JJsorry ,3142,, the3143DTthe other3144JJother ...3145:... the3146DTthe other3147JJother ...3148:... the3149DTthe plaintiff3150NNplaintiff did3151VVDdo .3152SENT. No3153UHNo ,3154,, it3155PPit 's3156VBZbe not3157RBnot the3158DTthe plaintiff3159NNplaintiff .3160SENT. The3161DTthe plaintiff3162NNplaintiff ...3163:... see3164VVsee ,3165,, that3166WDTthat 's3167VBZbe the3168DTthe hard3169JJhard part3170NNpart .3171SENT. It3172PPit 's3173VBZbe like3174INlike an3175DTan Abbott3176NPAbbott and3177CCand Costello3178NPCostello movie3179NNmovie ,3180,, you3181PPyou know3182VVPknow ,3183,, I3184PPI mean3185VVPmean .3186SENT. [3187SYM[ LAUGHTER3188NNlaughter ]3189SYM] [JUSTICE BREYER]3190LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] But3191CCbut ...3192:... but3193CCbut ,3194,, look3195VVPlook ,3196,, A3197DTa sued3198VVNsue B3199NNB ,3200,, and3201CCand A3202DTa is3203VBZbe the3204DTthe plaintiff3205NNplaintiff and3206CCand B3207NPB is3208VBZbe the3209DTthe defendant3210NNdefendant ,3211,, and3212CCand then3213RBthen B3214NPB sued3215VVDsue you3216PPyou .3217SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]3218LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Correct3219JJcorrect .3220SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3221LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] So3222INso you3223PPyou 're3224VBPbe C3225NPC ,3226,, okay3227JJokay ,3228,, over3229INover here3230RBhere .3231SENT. So3232INso being3233VBGbe C3234NPC over3235INover here3236RBhere ,3237,, B3238NPB ,3239,, who3240WPwho is3241VBZbe the3242DTthe one3243CDone who3244WPwho sued3245VVDsue you3246PPyou ,3247,, is3248VBZbe he3249PPhe ...3250:... did3251VVDdo he3252PPhe file3253VVfile a3254DTa civil3255JJcivil action3256NNaction under3257INunder Rule3258NPRule 233259CD@card@ ?3260SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]3261LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Yes3262NPYes ,3263,, we3264PPwe do3265VVPdo n't3266RBn't ...3267:... [JUSTICE BREYER]3268LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] I3269PPI do3270VVPdo n't3271RBn't think3272VVthink he3273PPhe did3274VVDdo ,3275,, did3276VVDdo he3277PPhe ?3278SENT? Where3279WRBwhere does3280VVZdo it3281PPit say3282VVPsay he3283PPhe did3284VVDdo ?3285SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]3286LOC[MR. BARNETTE] I3287PPI think3288VVPthink we3289PPwe clearly3290RBclearly ...3291:... [JUSTICE BREYER]3292LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] What3293WPWhat he3294PPhe did3295VVDdo was3296VBDbe he3297PPhe filed3298VVDfile a3299DTa ...3300:... [MR. BARNETTE]3301LOC[MR. BARNETTE] I3302PPI think3303VVPthink we3304PPwe clearly3305RBclearly did3306VVDdo under3307INunder CAFA3308NPCAFA .3309SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3310LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] He3311PPhe says3312VVZsay he3313PPhe brings3314VVZbring ...3315:... that3316WDTthat 's3317VBZbe what3318WPwhat he3319PPhe says3320VVZsay ,3321,, but3322CCbut he3323PPhe 's3324VBZbe bringing3325VVGbring within3326INwithin the3327DTthe rules3328NNSrule ...3329:... he3330PPhe 's3331VBZbe bringing3332VVGbring within3333INwithin the3334DTthe rules3335NNSrule ,3336,, what3337WPwhat is3338VBZbe it3339PPit called3340VVDcall ,3341,, a3342DTa third-party3343JJthird-party claim3344NNclaim ?3345SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]3346LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Again3347NPAgain ,3348,, Your3349PP$your Honor3350NPHonor ,3351,, there3352EXthere 's3353VBZbe a3354DTa lot3355NNlot of3356INof shorthand3357NNshorthand that3358WDTthat 's3359VBZbe involved3360VVNinvolve in3361INin this3362DTthis and3363CCand ,3364,, unfortunately3365RBunfortunately ,3366,, it3367PPit 's3368VBZbe just3369RBjust generally3370RBgenerally inaccurate3371JJinaccurate .3372SENT. We3373PPwe 're3374VBPbe not3375RBnot a3376DTa counterclaim3377NNcounterclaim defendant3378NNdefendant .3379SENT. We3380PPwe 're3381VBPbe not3382RBnot a3383DTa third-party3384JJthird-party defendant3385NNdefendant ,3386,, those3387DTthose specific3388JJspecific terms3389NNSterm .3390SENT. We3391PPwe 're3392VBPbe just3393RBjust a3394DTa defendant3395NNdefendant .3396SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3397LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Forget3398VVforget what3399WPwhat you3400PPyou 're3401VBPbe not3402RBnot .3403SENT. What3404WPWhat I3405PPI want3406VVPwant you3407PPyou to3408TOto know3409VVknow ...3410:... I3411PPI realize3412VVPrealize that3413RBthat .3414SENT. But3415CCbut it3416PPit 's3417VBZbe only3418RBonly if3419INif it3420PPit 's3421VBZbe a3422DTa class3423NNclass action3424NNaction ,3425,, a3426DTa civil3427JJcivil action3428NNaction filed3429VVNfile under3430INunder Rule3431NPRule 233432CD@card@ .3433SENT. Now3434RBnow ...3435:... [MR. BARNETTE]3436LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Or3437CCor a3438DTa ...3439:... [JUSTICE BREYER]3440LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] ...3441:... did3442VVDdo the3443DTthe person3444NNperson who3445WPwho filed3446VVDfile the3447DTthe class3448NNclass action3449NNaction whose3450WP$whose name3451NNname happens3452VVZhappen to3453TOto be3454VBbe 93455CD9 B3456NNB ...3457:... [3458SYM[ LAUGHTER3459NNlaughter ]3460SYM] [JUSTICE BREYER]3461LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] ...3462:... did3463VVDdo that3464DTthat person3465NNperson file3466VVfile a3467DTa civil3468JJcivil action3469NNaction under3470INunder Rule3471NPRule 233472CD@card@ ?3473SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]3474LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Yes3475NPYes ,3476,, Your3477PP$your Honor3478NPHonor .3479SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3480LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Yes3481NPYes ?3482SENT? How3483WRBHow do3484VVPdo we3485PPwe know3486VVPknow that3487RBthat ?3488SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]3489LOC[MR. BARNETTE] I3490PPI would3491MDwould ...3492:... I3493PPI would3494MDwould turn3495VVturn the3496DTthe Court3497NPCourt 's3498POS's attention3499NNattention to3500TOto Dart3501NPDart Cherokee3502NPCherokee ,3503,, where3504WRBwhere you3505PPyou ran3506VVDrun through3507INthrough the3508DTthe CAFA3509NPCAFA analysis3510NNanalysis on3511INon the3512DTthe slip3513NNslip opinion3514NNopinion at3515INat page3516NNpage 23517CD2 and3518CCand said3519VVDsay 14533520CD@card@ directs3521VVZdirect you3522PPyou to3523TOto 13323524CD@card@ (3525(( d3526LSd )3527)) ,3528,, as3529INas you3530PPyou noted3531VVDnote .3532SENT. We3533PPwe look3534VVPlook at3535INat (3536(( d3537LSd )3538)) (3539(( 13540LS1 )3541)) for3542INfor the3543DTthe definitions3544NNSdefinition of3545INof class3546NNclass actions3547NNSaction .3548SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3549LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Yes3550NPYes .3551SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]3552LOC[MR. BARNETTE] That3553DTthat 's3554VBZbe a3555DTa filing3556NNfiling under3557INunder Federal3558NPFederal Rule3559NPRule 233560CD@card@ or3561CCor a3562DTa state3563NNstate equivalent3564NNequivalent .3565SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3566LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] It3567PPit is3568VBZbe ?3569SENT? Where3570WRBwhere does3571VVZdo it3572PPit say3573VVPsay that3574RBthat ?3575SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]3576LOC[MR. BARNETTE] In3577INin 13323578CD@card@ (3579(( d3580LSd )3581)) (3582(( 13583LS1 )3584)) .3585SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3586LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] No3587UHNo ,3588,, no3589UHno ,3590,, no3591UHno ,3592,, I3593PPI know3594VVPknow .3595SENT. Where3596WRBwhere does3597VVZdo it3598PPit say3599VVPsay the3600DTthe rule3601NNrule that3602IN/thatthat when3603WRBwhen a3604DTa defendant3605NNdefendant files3606VVZfile a3607DTa class3608NNclass action3609NNaction ,3610,, namely3611RBnamely B3612NPB ...3613:... [MR. BARNETTE]3614LOC[MR. BARNETTE] What3615WPWhat they3616PPthey 're3617VBPbe ...3618:... [JUSTICE BREYER]3619LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] ...3620:... against3621INagainst C3622NPC ,3623,, that3624IN/thatthat that3625DTthat is3626VBZbe an3627DTan action3628NNaction filed3629VVDfile ,3630,, a3631DTa civil3632JJcivil action3633NNaction ,3634,, because3635INbecause civil3636JJcivil actions3637NNSaction are3638VBPbe usually3639RBusually filed3640VVNfile by3641INby plaintiffs3642NNSplaintiff ,3643,, where3644WRBwhere does3645VVZdo it3646PPit say3647VVPsay that3648IN/thatthat that3649DTthat action3650NNaction filed3651VVNfile by3652INby B3653NPB is3654VBZbe a3655DTa civil3656JJcivil action3657NNaction filed3658VVNfile under3659INunder Rule3660NPRule 233661CD@card@ ?3662SENT? That3663DTthat 's3664VBZbe a3665DTa simple3666JJsimple question3667NNquestion .3668SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]3669LOC[MR. BARNETTE] A3670DTa couple3671NNcouple things3672NNSthing .3673SENT. 13323674CD@card@ (3675(( d3676LSd )3677)) just3678RBjust refers3679VVZrefer to3680TOto a3681DTa filing3682NNfiling by3683INby a3684DTa representative3685JJrepresentative party3686NNparty .3687SENT. That3688DTthat 's3689VBZbe the3690DTthe language3691NNlanguage the3692DTthe statute3693NNstatute uses3694VVZuse .3695SENT. Mr3696NPMr .3697SENT. Jackson3698NPJackson certainly3699RBcertainly is3700VBZbe a3701DTa representative3702JJrepresentative party3703NNparty .3704SENT. He3705PPhe 's3706VBZbe a3707DTa class3708NNclass representative3709NNrepresentative .3710SENT. He3711PPhe refers3712VVZrefer to3713TOto himself3714PPhimself as3715INas a3716DTa plaintiff3717NNplaintiff in3718INin the3719DTthe filing3720NNfiling .3721SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3722LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Why3723WRBwhy are3724VBPbe you3725PPyou still3726RBstill not3727RBnot giving3728VVGgive direct3729JJdirect answers3730NNSanswer ?3731SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]3732LOC[MR. BARNETTE] In3733INin the3734DTthe civil3735JJcivil action3736NNaction ,3737,, he3738PPhe was3739VBDbe defined3740VVNdefine as3741INas B23742NNB2 .3743SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3744LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Because3745INbecause what3746WPwhat he3747PPhe says3748VVZsay is3749VBZbe ...3750:... it3751PPit says3752VVZsay a3753DTa civil3754JJcivil action3755NNaction ...3756:... [JUSTICE ALITO]3757LOC[JUSTICE ALITO] The3758DTthe argument3759NNargument is3760VBZbe that3761IN/thatthat what3762WPwhat Mr3763NPMr .3764SENT. Jackson3765NPJackson filed3766VVDfile against3767INagainst you3768PPyou was3769VBDbe not3770RBnot a3771DTa civil3772JJcivil action3773NNaction filed3774VVNfile under3775INunder Rule3776NPRule 233777CD@card@ .3778SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3779LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] That3780DTthat 's3781VBZbe right3782JJright .3783SENT. Exactly3784RBexactly .3785SENT. Thank3786VVthank you3787PPyou .3788SENT. [JUSTICE ALITO]3789LOC[JUSTICE ALITO] And3790CCand if3791INif that3792WDTthat is3793VBZbe the3794DTthe case3795NNcase ,3796,, then3797RBthen I3798PPI do3799VVPdo n't3800RBn't know3801VVknow what3802WPwhat rules3803NNSrule would3804MDwould govern3805VVgovern this3806DTthis claim3807NNclaim that3808IN/thatthat Jackson3809NPJackson filed3810VVDfile against3811INagainst you3812PPyou .3813SENT. Is3814VBZbe this3815DTthis some3816DTsome kind3817NNkind of3818INof class3819NNclass action3820NNaction that3821WDTthat is3822VBZbe ...3823:... is3824VBZbe this3825DTthis some3826DTsome sort3827NNsort of3828INof suit3829NNsuit that3830WDTthat is3831VBZbe sort3832NNsort of3833INof like3834INlike a3835DTa class3836NNclass action3837NNaction ,3838,, but3839CCbut it3840PPit 's3841VBZbe not3842RBnot under3843INunder Rule3844NPRule 233845CD@card@ ,3846,, so3847RBso none3848NNnone of3849INof the3850DTthe requirements3851NNSrequirement of3852INof Rule3853NPRule 233854CD@card@ would3855MDwould apply3856VVapply ?3857SENT? I3858PPI mean3859VVPmean ,3860,, the3861DTthe argument3862NNargument is3863VBZbe ...3864:... it3865PPit 's3866VBZbe a3867DTa clever3868JJclever argument3869NNargument ,3870,, comes3871VVZcome out3872RPout of3873INof I3874PPI do3875VVPdo n't3876RBn't know3877VVknow where3878WRBwhere ...3879:... the3880DTthe argument3881NNargument is3882VBZbe ,3883,, no3884UHno ,3885,, it3886PPit 's3887VBZbe not3888RBnot ,3889,, he3890PPhe did3891VVDdo n't3892RBn't file3893VVfile a3894DTa class3895NNclass action3896NNaction against3897INagainst you3898PPyou under3899INunder Rule3900NPRule 233901CD@card@ ,3902,, but3903CCbut ,3904,, when3905WRBwhen the3906DTthe court3907NNcourt adjudicates3908VVZadjudicate this3909DTthis action3910NNaction ,3911,, it3912PPit should3913MDshould apply3914VVapply the3915DTthe rules3916NNSrule that3917RBthat ...3918:... it3919PPit should3920MDshould apply3921VVapply the3922DTthe Rule3923NNrule 233924CD@card@ rules3925NNSrule .3926SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]3927LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Your3928PP$your Honor3929NPHonor ,3930,, again3931RBagain ,3932,, I3933PPI would3934MDwould just3935RBjust point3936VVpoint the3937DTthe Court3938NPCourt to3939TOto Rule3940NPRule 33941CD3 of3942INof the3943DTthe Federal3944NPFederal Rules3945NPSRules of3946INof Civil3947NPCivil Procedure3948NPProcedure ,3949,, which3950WDTwhich says3951VVZsay a3952DTa civil3953JJcivil action3954NNaction is3955VBZbe commenced3956VVNcommence by3957INby filing3958VVGfile a3959DTa complaint3960NNcomplaint in3961INin a3962DTa court3963NNcourt .3964SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3965LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Exactly3966RBexactly .3967SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]3968LOC[MR. BARNETTE] He3969PPhe filed3970VVDfile a3971DTa class3972NNclass action3973NNaction complaint3974NNcomplaint in3975INin court3976NNcourt against3977INagainst Home3978NPHome Depot3979NPDepot .3980SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3981LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] No3982UHNo ,3983,, no3984UHno ,3985,, that3986WDTthat 's3987VBZbe the3988DTthe problem3989NNproblem .3990SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]3991LOC[MR. BARNETTE] That3992DTthat commences3993VVZcommence the3994DTthe civil3995JJcivil action3996NNaction request3997NNrequest .3998SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]3999LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] That4000DTthat 's4001VBZbe the4002DTthe problem4003NNproblem .4004SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]4005LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Mr4006NPMr .4007SENT. Barnette4008NPBarnette ,4009,, under4010INunder your4011PP$your theory4012NNtheory ,4013,, every4014DTevery time4015NNtime one4016CDone party4017NNparty joins4018VVZjoin another4019DTanother party4020NNparty ,4021,, we4022PPwe would4023MDwould have4024VHhave a4025DTa new4026JJnew civil4027JJcivil action4028NNaction .4029SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]4030LOC[MR. BARNETTE] No4031NPNo ,4032,, the4033DTthe ...4034:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]4035LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] But4036CCbut we4037PPwe do4038VVPdo n't4039RBn't .4040SENT. We4041PPwe only4042RBonly have4043VHPhave one4044CDone civil4045JJcivil action4046NNaction ,4047,, and4048CCand the4049DTthe civil4050JJcivil action4051NNaction includes4052VVZinclude a4053DTa multitude4054NNmultitude of4055INof claims4056NNSclaim ,4057,, or4058CCor can4059MDcan ,4060,, between4061INbetween and4062CCand among4063INamong a4064DTa wide4065JJwide range4066NNrange of4067INof parties4068NNSparty .4069SENT. But4070CCbut it4071PPit 's4072VBZbe only4073RBonly one4074CDone civil4075JJcivil action4076NNaction .4077SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]4078LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Your4079PP$your Honor4080NPHonor ,4081,, that4082WDTthat 's4083VBZbe not4084RBnot our4085PP$our position4086NNposition .4087SENT. A4088DTa counterclaim4089NNcounterclaim against4090INagainst an4091DTan original4092JJoriginal plaintiff4093NNplaintiff would4094MDwould not4095RBnot constitute4096VVconstitute a4097DTa new4098JJnew ...4099:... new4100JJnew civil4101JJcivil action4102NNaction .4103SENT. But4104CCbut when4105WRBwhen you4106PPyou 're4107VBPbe bringing4108VVGbring in4109INin a4110DTa new4111JJnew defendant4112NNdefendant by4113INby summons4114NNsummons ...4115:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]4116LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] So4117INso you4118PPyou 're4119VBPbe ...4120:... you4121PPyou 're4122VBPbe ...4123:... you4124PPyou 're4125VBPbe ...4126:... you4127PPyou 're4128VBPbe ...4129:... you4130PPyou 're4131VBPbe excluding4132VVGexclude one4133CDone kind4134NNkind of4135INof claim4136NNclaim ,4137,, which4138WDTwhich is4139VBZbe the4140DTthe claim4141NNclaim against4142INagainst an4143DTan original4144JJoriginal plaintiff4145NNplaintiff ,4146,, but4147CCbut there4148RBthere ...4149:... there4150EXthere can4151MDcan be4152VBbe many4153JJmany ,4154,, many4155JJmany parties4156NNSparty under4157INunder the4158DTthe ...4159:... the4160DTthe federal4161JJfederal rules4162NNSrule and4163CCand there4164EXthere can4165MDcan be4166VBbe counterclaims4167NNScounterclaim and4168CCand there4169EXthere can4170MDcan be4171VBbe cross-claims4172JJcross-claims and4173CCand there4174EXthere can4175MDcan be4176VBbe impleaders4177NNSimpleaders and4178CCand there4179EXthere can4180MDcan be4181VBbe all4182DTall kinds4183NNSkind of4184INof arrows4185NNSarrow going4186VVGgo in4187INin every4188DTevery which4189WDTwhich direction4190NNdirection .4191SENT. And4192CCand you4193PPyou 're4194VBPbe suggesting4195VVGsuggest that4196IN/thatthat every4197DTevery one4198CDone of4199INof those4200DTthose is4201VBZbe a4202DTa new4203JJnew civil4204JJcivil action4205NNaction under4206INunder Rule4207NPRule 14414208CD@card@ (4209(( a4210DTa )4211)) ,4212,, which4213WDTwhich is4214VBZbe the4215DTthe one4216CDone that4217IN/thatthat I4218PPI 'm4219VBPbe focusing4220VVGfocus on4221INon ,4222,, and4223CCand I4224PPI 'm4225VBPbe suggesting4226VVGsuggest that4227IN/thatthat that4228DTthat 's4229VBZbe wrong4230JJwrong .4231SENT. There4232EXthere 's4233VBZbe only4234RBonly one4235CDone civil4236JJcivil action4237NNaction ,4238,, and4239CCand it4240PPit 's4241VBZbe the4242DTthe action4243NNaction that4244WDTthat 's4245VBZbe brought4246VVNbring by4247INby the4248DTthe original4249JJoriginal plaintiff4250NNplaintiff .4251SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]4252LOC[MR. BARNETTE] No4253NPNo ,4254,, Your4255PP$your ...4256:... Your4257PP$your Honor4258NPHonor ,4259,, respectfully4260RBrespectfully ,4261,, we4262PPwe disagree4263VVPdisagree .4264SENT. I4265PPI 'm4266VBPbe not4267RBnot arguing4268VVGargue all4269PDTall these4270DTthese other4271JJother things4272NNSthing .4273SENT. I4274PPI 'm4275VBPbe saying4276VVGsay focus4277NNfocus on4278INon this4279DTthis case4280NNcase .4281SENT. Substance4282NNsubstance governs4283VVZgovern ,4284,, not4285RBnot labels4286NNSlabel of4287INof the4288DTthe parties4289NNSparty '4290POS' situation4291NNsituation .4292SENT. That4293DTthat 's4294VBZbe this4295DTthis Court4296NPCourt 's4297POS's holding4298NNholding in4299INin City4300NPCity of4301INof Indianapolis4302NPIndianapolis .4303SENT. You4304PPyou look4305VVPlook at4306INat the4307DTthe substance4308NNsubstance of4309INof this4310DTthis .4311SENT. Home4312NPHome Depot4313NPDepot was4314VBDbe not4315RBnot in4316INin the4317DTthe case4318NNcase .4319SENT. This4320DTthis document4321NNdocument is4322VBZbe just4323RBjust a4324DTa class4325NNclass action4326NNaction complaint4327NNcomplaint against4328INagainst us4329PPus .4330SENT. And4331CCand Rule4332NPRule 34333CD3 clearly4334RBclearly says4335VVZsay filing4336VVGfile a4337DTa complaint4338NNcomplaint in4339INin court4340NNcourt establishes4341VVZestablish a4342DTa civil4343JJcivil action4344NNaction .4345SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]4346LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Mr4347NPMr .4348SENT. Barnette4349NPBarnette ...4350:... [MR. BARNETTE]4351LOC[MR. BARNETTE] That4352DTthat 's4353VBZbe all4354DTall that4355RBthat happened4356VVNhappen here4357RBhere .4358SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]4359LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] ...4360:... you4361PPyou 're4362VBPbe suggesting4363VVGsuggest that4364IN/thatthat we4365PPwe should4366MDshould look4367VVlook at4368INat this4369DTthis case4370NNcase as4371INas though4372INthough the4373DTthe original4374JJoriginal claim4375NNclaim never4376RBnever occurred4377VVDoccur and4378CCand we4379PPwe should4380MDshould pretend4381VVpretend that4382IN/thatthat the4383DTthe claim4384NNclaim started4385VVDstart with4386INwith the4387DTthe original4388JJoriginal defendant4389NNdefendant .4390SENT. But4391CCbut the4392DTthe case4393NNcase did4394VVDdo not4395RBnot start4396VVstart with4397INwith the4398DTthe original4399JJoriginal defendant4400NNdefendant .4401SENT. The4402DTthe civil4403JJcivil action4404NNaction started4405VVNstart with4406INwith the4407DTthe original4408JJoriginal plaintiff4409NNplaintiff ,4410,, who4411WPwho brought4412VVDbring a4413DTa claim4414NNclaim against4415INagainst a4416DTa defendant4417NNdefendant ,4418,, who4419WPwho then4420RBthen brought4421VVDbring a4422DTa claim4423NNclaim against4424INagainst you4425PPyou .4426SENT. And4427CCand this4428DTthis is4429VBZbe all4430DTall ...4431:... I4432PPI mean4433VVPmean ,4434,, it4435PPit ...4436:... of4437INof course4438NNcourse ,4439,, the4440DTthe claim4441NNclaim against4442INagainst you4443PPyou is4444VBZbe governed4445VVNgovern by4446INby Rule4447NPRule 234448CD@card@ ,4449,, but4450CCbut all4451DTall of4452INof these4453DTthese claims4454NNSclaim are4455VBPbe one4456CDone civil4457JJcivil action4458NNaction .4459SENT. And4460CCand the4461DTthe question4462NNquestion is4463VBZbe ,4464,, what4465WPwhat gives4466VVZgive you4467PPyou the4468DTthe ability4469NNability to4470TOto remove4471VVremove that4472DTthat civil4473JJcivil action4474NNaction if4475INif there4476EXthere 's4477VBZbe no4478DTno original4479JJoriginal jurisdiction4480NNjurisdiction over4481INover it4482PPit ?4483SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]4484LOC[MR. BARNETTE] The4485DTthe plain4486JJplain language4487NNlanguage of4488INof and4489CCand CAFA4490NPCAFA give4491VVPgive us4492PPus original4493JJoriginal jurisdiction4494NNjurisdiction over4495INover this4496DTthis claim4497NNclaim .4498SENT. [JUSTICE KAGAN]4499LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Over4500INover the4501DTthe claim4502NNclaim ,4503,, but4504CCbut ...4505:... [MR. BARNETTE]4506LOC[MR. BARNETTE] And4507CCand we4508PPwe ...4509:... we4510PPwe would4511MDwould ...4512:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]4513LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] ...4514:... but4515CCbut 14414516CD@card@ does4517VVZdo not4518RBnot speak4519VVspeak in4520INin terms4521NNSterm of4522INof claims4523NNSclaim .4524SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]4525LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Right4526NPRight .4527SENT. 14464528CD@card@ does4529VVZdo .4530SENT. 14414531CD@card@ (4532(( c4533LSc )4534)) does4535VVZdo refer4536VVrefer to4537TOto claims4538NNSclaim .4539SENT. 14464540CD@card@ (4541(( b4542LSb )4543)) says4544VVZsay the4545DTthe procedure4546NNprocedure starts4547VVZstart when4548WRBwhen you4549PPyou have4550VHPhave a4551DTa claim4552NNclaim that4553WDTthat establishes4554VVZestablish federal4555JJfederal jurisdiction4556NNjurisdiction .4557SENT. This4558DTthis Court4559NPCourt in4560INin Exxon4561NPExxon said4562VVDsay ,4563,, once4564RBonce you4565PPyou have4566VHPhave one4567CDone claim4568NNclaim within4569INwithin a4570DTa civil4571JJcivil action4572NNaction ,4573,, the4574DTthe entire4575JJentire civil4576JJcivil action4577NNaction is4578VBZbe removed4579VVNremove .4580SENT. We4581PPwe 're4582VBPbe saying4583VVGsay you4584PPyou remove4585VVremove ...4586:... [JUSTICE KAGAN]4587LOC[JUSTICE KAGAN] Yeah4588NPYeah ,4589,, but4590CCbut the4591DTthe reason4592NNreason why4593WRBwhy claims4594NNSclaim are4595VBPbe ...4596:... are4597VBPbe there4598RBthere is4599VBZbe that4600WDTthat 's4601VBZbe to4602TOto deal4603VVdeal with4604INwith a4605DTa plaintiff4606NNplaintiff that4607WDTthat 's4608VBZbe bringing4609VVGbring three4610CDthree claims4611NNSclaim and4612CCand one4613CDone of4614INof them4615PPthem raises4616VVZraise a4617DTa federal4618JJfederal question4619NNquestion and4620CCand two4621CDtwo of4622INof them4623PPthem do4624VVPdo n't4625RBn't .4626SENT. And4627CCand then4628RBthen all4629PDTall that4630DTthat 14464631CD@card@ is4632VBZbe saying4633VVGsay is4634VBZbe that4635IN/thatthat ,4636,, when4637WRBwhen you4638PPyou 're4639VBPbe in4640INin that4641DTthat position4642NNposition ,4643,, the4644DTthe one4645CDone claim4646NNclaim that4647WDTthat raises4648VVZraise a4649DTa federal4650JJfederal question4651NNquestion is4652VBZbe going4653VVGgo to4654TOto be4655VBbe able4656JJable to4657TOto get4658VVget you4659PPyou into4660INinto federal4661JJfederal court4662NNcourt .4663SENT. So4664RBso there4665EXthere 's4666VBZbe your4667PP$your claim-by-claim4668NNclaim-by-claim analysis4669NNanalysis .4670SENT. But4671CCbut the4672DTthe action4673NNaction is4674VBZbe what4675WPwhat is4676VBZbe removed4677VVNremove ,4678,, and4679CCand the4680DTthe action4681NNaction is4682VBZbe removed4683VVNremove by4684INby determining4685VVGdetermine whether4686INwhether there4687EXthere 's4688VBZbe original4689JJoriginal jurisdiction4690NNjurisdiction ,4691,, which4692WDTwhich is4693VBZbe determined4694VVNdetermine by4695INby looking4696VVGlook to4697TOto the4698DTthe original4699JJoriginal complaint4700NNcomplaint .4701SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]4702LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Respectfully4703RBrespectfully ,4704,, Your4705PP$your Honor4706NPHonor ,4707,, that4708WDTthat 's4709VBZbe not4710RBnot what4711WPwhat 14414712CD@card@ (4713(( a4714DTa )4715)) says4716VVZsay .4717SENT. So4718INso we're4719NNwe're ...4720:... we4721PPwe 're4722VBPbe traveling4723VVGtravel under4724INunder the4725DTthe plain4726JJplain language4727NNlanguage of4728INof that4729DTthat statute4730NNstatute ,4731,, the4732DTthe plain4733JJplain language4734NNlanguage of4735INof CAFA4736NPCAFA ,4737,, and4738CCand we4739PPwe would4740MDwould say4741VVsay you4742PPyou would4743MDwould ...4744:... you4745PPyou would4746MDwould remove4747VVremove ...4748:... certainly4749RBcertainly would4750MDwould remove4751VVremove the4752DTthe entire4753JJentire civil4754JJcivil action4755NNaction .4756SENT. If4757INif there4758EXthere is4759VBZbe supplemental4760JJsupplemental jurisdiction4761NNjurisdiction over4762INover that4763DTthat original4764JJoriginal $4765$$ 10,0004766CD@card@ debt4767NNdebt collection4768NNcollection action4769NNaction by4770INby Citi4771NPCiti against4772INagainst Mr4773NPMr .4774SENT. Jackson4775NPJackson ,4776,, of4777INof course4778NNcourse ,4779,, those4780DTthose claims4781NNSclaim are4782VBPbe no4783RBno longer4784RBRlonger in4785INin the4786DTthe case4787NNcase at4788INat all4789DTall .4790SENT. No4791DTno claims4792NNSclaim by4793INby or4794CCor against4795INagainst Citi4796NPCiti are4797VBPbe longer4798RBRlonger in4799INin the4800DTthe case4801NNcase .4802SENT. But4803CCbut you4804PPyou would4805MDwould either4806RBeither keep4807VVkeep that4808IN/thatthat under4809INunder supplemental4810JJsupplemental jurisdiction4811NNjurisdiction or4812CCor sever4813VVsever it4814PPit off4815RPoff and4816CCand send4817VVsend it4818PPit back4819RBback to4820TOto state4821NNstate court4822NNcourt .4823SENT. A4824DTa $4825$$ 10,0004826CD@card@ claim4827NNclaim belongs4828VVZbelong in4829INin state4830NNstate court4831NNcourt probably4832RBprobably .4833SENT. But4834CCbut we4835PPwe ...4836:... we4837PPwe can4838MDcan remove4839VVremove the4840DTthe class4841NNclass action4842NNaction .4843SENT. It4844PPit 's4845VBZbe within4846INwithin the4847DTthe original4848JJoriginal jurisdiction4849NNjurisdiction of4850INof the4851DTthe district4852NNdistrict courts4853NNScourt .4854SENT. That4855DTthat 's4856VBZbe what4857WPwhat CAFA4858NPCAFA clearly4859RBclearly says4860VVZsay .4861SENT. We4862PPwe 're4863VBPbe not4864RBnot expanding4865VVGexpand federal4866JJfederal jurisdiction4867NNjurisdiction .4868SENT. This4869DTthis case4870NNcase could4871MDcould have4872VHhave been4873VBNbe filed4874VVNfile as4875INas a4876DTa stand-alone4877JJstand-alone against4878INagainst us4879PPus in4880INin federal4881JJfederal court4882NNcourt or4883CCor it4884PPit could4885MDcould have4886VHhave been4887VBNbe filed4888VVNfile as4889INas a4890DTa stand-alone4891JJstand-alone against4892INagainst us4893PPus in4894INin state4895NNstate court4896NNcourt and4897CCand we4898PPwe would4899MDwould have4900VHhave removed4901VVNremove it4902PPit .4903SENT. The4904DTthe fact4905NNfact that4906IN/thatthat Mr4907NPMr .4908SENT. Jackson4909NPJackson chose4910VVDchoose to4911TOto file4912VVfile a4913DTa new4914JJnew class4915NNclass action4916NNaction proceeding4917NNproceeding in4918INin an4919DTan existing4920JJexisting case4921NNcase ,4922,, that4923WDTthat ...4924:... that4925WDTthat does4926VVZdo not4927RBnot serve4928VVserve to4929TOto defeat4930VVdefeat removal4931NNremoval .4932SENT. I4933PPI mean4934VVPmean ,4935,, that4936WDTthat 's4937VBZbe what4938WPwhat ...4939:... that4940WDTthat 's4941VBZbe the4942DTthe approach4943NNapproach the4944DTthe plaintiffs4945NNSplaintiff are4946VBPbe trying4947VVGtry to4948TOto take4949VVtake ,4950,, but4951CCbut that4952DTthat 's4953VBZbe not4954RBnot how4955WRBhow the4956DTthe law4957NNlaw operates4958VVZoperate .4959SENT. A4960DTa couple4961NNcouple other4962JJother things4963NNSthing ,4964,, Your4965PP$your Honor4966NPHonor ,4967,, I4968PPI would4969MDwould just4970RBjust mention4971VVmention .4972SENT. The4973DTthe ...4974:... the4975DTthe cases4976NNScase following4977VVGfollow Shamrock4978NPShamrock Oil4979NPOil that4980WDTthat have4981VHPhave held4982VVNhold ...4983:... the4984DTthe lower4985JJRlow court4986NNcourt cases4987NNScase that4988WDTthat have4989VHPhave held4990VVNhold that4991IN/thatthat only4992JJonly original4993JJoriginal defendants4994NNSdefendant can4995MDcan remove4996VVremove ,4997,, those4998DTthose are4999VBPbe all5000RBall based5001VVNbase on5002INon the5003DTthe presumption5004NNpresumption against5005INagainst removal5006NNremoval that5007IN/thatthat this5008DTthis Court5009NPCourt already5010RBalready held5011VVDhold in5012INin Dart5013NPDart Cherokee5014NPCherokee does5015VVZdo not5016RBnot apply5017VVapply to5018TOto CAFA5019NPCAFA .5020SENT. And5021CCand ,5022,, frankly5023RBfrankly ,5024,, that5025WDTthat ...5026:... that5027DTthat presumption5028NNpresumption really5029RBreally does5030VVZdo not5031RBnot appear5032VVappear to5033TOto be5034VBbe well5035RBwell founded5036VVNfound in5037INin any5038DTany ...5039:... any5040DTany event5041NNevent .5042SENT. When5043WRBwhen you5044PPyou look5045VVPlook at5046INat the5047DTthe significance5048NNsignificance the5049DTthe framers5050NNSframer put5051VVNput on5052INon diversity5053NNdiversity jurisdiction5054NNjurisdiction ,5055,, put5056VVNput on5057INon removal5058NNremoval jurisdiction5059NNjurisdiction ,5060,, when5061WRBwhen you5062PPyou look5063VVPlook at5064INat this5065DTthis Court5066NPCourt 's5067POS's cases5068NNScase like5069INlike Exxon5070NPExxon again5071RBagain ,5072,, where5073WRBwhere we5074PPwe say5075VVPsay ...5076:... where5077WRBwhere the5078DTthe Court5079NPCourt said5080VVDsay we5081PPwe 're5082VBPbe not5083RBnot going5084VVGgo to5085TOto apply5086VVapply jurisdictional5087JJjurisdictional statutes5088NNSstatute too5089RBtoo broadly5090RBbroadly but5091RBbut nor5092CCnor are5093VBPbe we5094PPwe going5095VVGgo to5096TOto read5097VVread them5098PPthem too5099RBtoo narrowly5100RBnarrowly .5101SENT. Or5102CCor you5103PPyou look5104VVPlook at5105INat a5106DTa case5107NNcase like5108INlike Reyes5109NPReyes Mata5110NPMata that5111WDTthat says5112VVZsay federal5113JJfederal courts5114NNScourt have5115VHPhave a5116DTa virtually5117RBvirtually unflagging5118JJunflagging obligation5119NNobligation to5120TOto exercise5121VVexercise jurisdiction5122NNjurisdiction where5123WRBwhere it5124PPit 's5125VBZbe found5126VVNfind .5127SENT. And5128CCand then5129RBthen when5130WRBwhen you5131PPyou have5132VHPhave the5133DTthe Supremacy5134NNsupremacy Clause5135NNclause in5136INin the5137DTthe Constitution5138NPConstitution .5139SENT. Basically5140RBbasically ,5141,, these5142DTthese are5143VBPbe cases5144NNScase of5145INof concurrent5146JJconcurrent jurisdiction5147NNjurisdiction .5148SENT. They5149PPthey 're5150VBPbe going5151VVGgo to5152TOto go5153VVgo forward5154RBforward in5155INin one5156CDone venue5157NNvenue or5158CCor the5159DTthe other5160JJother ,5161,, state5162NNstate or5163CCor federal5164JJfederal ,5165,, but5166CCbut there5167EXthere 's5168VBZbe no5169DTno reason5170NNreason for5171INfor federal5172JJfederal courts5173NNScourt to5174TOto put5175VVput a5176DTa thumb5177NNthumb on5178INon the5179DTthe scale5180NNscale and5181CCand send5182VVsend them5183PPthem to5184TOto state5185NNstate court5186NNcourt to5187TOto resolve5188VVresolve doubts5189NNSdoubt in5190INin favor5191NNfavor of5192INof remand5193NNremand .5194SENT. That5195WDTthat just5196RBjust should5197MDshould n't5198RBn't apply5199VVapply in5200INin a5201DTa traditional5202JJtraditional diversity5203NNdiversity setting5204NNsetting .5205SENT. But5206CCbut the5207DTthe Court5208NPCourt 's5209POS's already5210RBalready held5211VVNhold under5212INunder CAFA5213NPCAFA it5214PPit does5215VVZdo not5216RBnot apply5217VVapply .5218SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]5219LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] Can5220MDcan I5221PPI ask5222VVask a5223DTa question5224NNquestion about5225RBabout ...5226:... because5227INbecause it5228PPit is5229VBZbe important5230JJimportant to5231TOto me5232PPme ...5233:... about5234RBabout how5235WRBhow lower5236JJRlow courts5237NNScourt have5238VHPhave interpreted5239VVNinterpret things5240NNSthing for5241INfor decades5242NNSdecade now5243RBnow since5244INsince Shamrock5245NPShamrock .5246SENT. Basically5247RBbasically ,5248,, your5249PP$your argument5250NNargument has5251VHZhave been5252VBNbe rejected5253VVNreject by5254INby virtually5255RBvirtually every5256DTevery district5257NNdistrict court5258NNcourt .5259SENT. Not5260RBnot surprising5261JJsurprising it5262PPit has5263VHZhave n't5264RBn't gone5265VVNgo to5266TOto the5267DTthe circuit5268NNcircuit courts5269NNScourt because5270INbecause you5271PPyou generally5272RBgenerally can5273MDcan 't5274RB't appeal5275VVappeal a5276DTa remand5277NNremand .5278SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]5279LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Pre-CAFA5280NPPre-CAFA ,5281,, that5282WDTthat 's5283VBZbe correct5284JJcorrect ,5285,, Your5286PP$your Honor5287NPHonor .5288SENT. [JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR]5289LOC[JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR] That5290DTthat 's5291VBZbe correct5292JJcorrect .5293SENT. So5294RBso ,5295,, to5296TOto me5297PPme ,5298,, does5299VVZdo n't5300RBn't that5301WDTthat have5302VHPhave some5303DTsome force5304NNforce ?5305SENT? Could5306MDcould n't5307RBn't and5308CCand should5309MDshould n't5310RBn't I5311PPI presume5312VVPpresume that5313IN/thatthat ,5314,, given5315VVNgive the5316DTthe state5317NNstate of5318INof the5319DTthe law5320NNlaw ,5321,, which5322WDTwhich was5323VBDbe unanimity5324NNunanimity on5325INon this5326DTthis question5327NNquestion ,5328,, why5329WRBwhy should5330MDshould n't5331RBn't I5332PPI presume5333VVPpresume Congress5334NPCongress ,5335,, in5336RBin ...5337:... in5338INin creating5339VVGcreate this5340DTthis class5341NNclass action5342NNaction statute5343NNstatute ,5344,, removal5345NNremoval ,5346,, and5347CCand in5348INin addressing5349VVGaddress these5350DTthese questions5351NNSquestion over5352INover the5353DTthe years5354NNSyear ,5355,, would5356MDwould n't5357RBn't have5358VHhave understood5359VVNunderstand that5360IN/thatthat this5361DTthis was5362VBDbe the5363DTthe state5364NNstate of5365INof the5366DTthe law5367NNlaw ?5368SENT? That5369IN/thatthat your5370PP$your position5371NNposition was5372VBDbe not5373RBnot accepted5374VVNaccept ?5375SENT? [MR. BARNETTE]5376LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Well5377UHWell ,5378,, again5379RBagain ,5380,, Your5381PP$your Honor5382NPHonor ,5383,, that5384WDTthat 's5385VBZbe actually5386RBactually not5387RBnot an5388DTan accurate5389JJaccurate state5390NNstate of5391INof the5392DTthe law5393NNlaw .5394SENT. As5395INas we5396PPwe point5397VVPpoint out5398RPout in5399INin our5400PP$our brief5401NNbrief ,5402,, the5403DTthe Fifth5404NPFifth and5405CCand Eleventh5406JJeleventh Circuits5407NNScircuit have5408VHPhave allowed5409VVNallow additional5410JJadditional parties5411NNSparty ,5412,, third-parties5413NNSthird-parties ,5414,, to5415TOto remove5416VVremove in5417INin these5418DTthese circumstances5419NNScircumstance ,5420,, not5421RBnot class5422NNclass action5423NNaction cases5424NNScase but5425CCbut traditional5426JJtraditional cases5427NNScase ,5428,, traditional5429JJtraditional diversity5430NNdiversity cases5431NNScase .5432SENT. Those5433DTthose cases5434NNScase are5435VBPbe from5436INfrom the5437NPthe '5438POS' 80s5439JJ80s and5440NPand '5441POS' 90s5442NNS90s .5443SENT. So5444RBso ,5445,, on5446INon this5447DTthis point5448NNpoint about5449RBabout if5450INif you5451PPyou rule5452VVPrule in5453INin our5454PP$our favor5455NNfavor ,5456,, there5457EXthere 's5458VBZbe going5459VVGgo to5460TOto be5461VBbe this5462DTthis flood5463NNflood of5464INof cases5465NNScase in5466INin the5467DTthe federal5468JJfederal courts5469NNScourt ,5470,, I5471PPI would5472MDwould say5473VVsay look5474NNlook at5475INat the5476DTthe Fifth5477NPFifth and5478CCand Eleventh5479JJeleventh Circuit5480NPCircuit .5481SENT. Have5482VHPhave there5483RBthere been5484VBNbe a5485DTa flood5486NNflood of5487INof cases5488NNScase in5489INin those5490DTthose circuits5491NNScircuit ?5492SENT? No5493RBno ,5494,, there5495EXthere have5496VHPhave n't5497RBn't .5498SENT. And5499CCand that5500DTthat 's5501VBZbe the5502DTthe law5503NNlaw .5504SENT. As5505INas you5506PPyou point5507VVPpoint out5508RPout ,5509,, there5510EXthere was5511VBDbe not5512RBnot a5513DTa lot5514NNlot of5515INof circuit5516NNcircuit law5517NNlaw on5518INon this5519DTthis pre-CAFA5520NNpre-CAFA .5521SENT. This5522DTthis issue5523NNissue ,5524,, I5525PPI think5526VVPthink tellingly5527RBtellingly ,5528,, only5529RBonly arose5530VVDarise post-CAFA5531NNpost-CAFA as5532INas a5533DTa way5534NNway to5535TOto get5536VVget around5537INaround CAFA5538NPCAFA .5539SENT. There5540EXthere were5541VBDbe no5542DTno counterclaim5543NNcounterclaim class5544NNclass actions5545NNSaction being5546VBGbe filed5547VVNfile before5548INbefore CAFA5549NPCAFA because5550INbecause there5551EXthere were5552VBDbe much5553RBmuch easier5554JJReasy ways5555NNSway for5556INfor plaintiffs5557NNSplaintiff to5558TOto stay5559VVstay out5560RPout of5561INof federal5562JJfederal court5563NNcourt .5564SENT. It5565PPit only5566RBonly is5567VBZbe when5568WRBwhen CAFA5569NPCAFA came5570VVDcome into5571INinto play5572NNplay that5573IN/thatthat this5574DTthis device5575NNdevice became5576VVDbecome more5577RBRmore widely5578RBwidely used5579VVNuse .5580SENT. And5581CCand it5582PPit 's5583VBZbe a5584DTa growing5585VVGgrow trend5586NNtrend .5587SENT. Sorry5588RBsorry ,5589,, Your5590PP$your Honor5591NPHonor .5592SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]5593LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] I5594PPI hate5595VVPhate to5596TOto do5597VVdo this5598DTthis ,5599,, but5600CCbut let5601VVlet me5602PPme do5603VVdo the5604DTthe ...5605:... I5606PPI do5607VVPdo n't5608RBn't hate5609VVhate that5610IN/thatthat much5611RBmuch .5612SENT. If5613INif you5614PPyou have5615VHPhave something5616NNsomething else5617RBelse important5618JJimportant to5619TOto say5620VVsay ,5621,, I5622PPI 'll5623MDwill figure5624VVfigure it5625PPit out5626RPout .5627SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]5628LOC[MR. BARNETTE] No5629NPNo ,5630,, go5631VVPgo ahead5632RBahead ,5633,, Your5634PP$your Honor5635NPHonor .5636SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]5637LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] I5638PPI mean5639VVPmean ,5640,, I5641PPI ...5642:... [MR. BARNETTE]5643LOC[MR. BARNETTE] Not5644RBnot as5645RBas important5646JJimportant as5647INas what5648WPwhat you5649PPyou 're5650VBPbe going5651VVGgo to5652TOto say5653VVsay ,5654,, I5655PPI 'm5656VBPbe sure5657JJsure .5658SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]5659LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] Not5660RBnot ...5661:... [5662SYM[ LAUGHTER5663NNlaughter ]5664SYM] [JUSTICE BREYER]5665LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] No5666NPNo ,5667,, that5668WDTthat is5669VBZbe not5670RBnot likely5671JJlikely so5672RBso .5673SENT. Look5674NNlook ...5675:... look5676VVlook what5677WPwhat I5678PPI 'm5679VBPbe doing5680VVGdo ,5681,, which5682WDTwhich I5683PPI ...5684:... which5685WDTwhich you5686PPyou ...5687:... which5688WDTwhich you5689PPyou have5690VHPhave n't5691RBn't .5692SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]5693LOC[MR. BARNETTE] I5694PPI 'm5695VBPbe sorry5696JJsorry ?5697SENT? [JUSTICE BREYER]5698LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] I5699PPI do5700VVPdo n't5701RBn't think5702VVthink I5703PPI ...5704:... I5705PPI 've5706VHPhave shown5707VVNshow you5708PPyou what5709WPwhat I5710PPI 'm5711VBPbe doing5712VVGdo .5713SENT. I5714PPI 'm5715VBPbe going5716VVGgo back5717RBback to5718TOto where5719WRBwhere it5720PPit says5721VVZsay in5722INin 14535723CD@card@ (5724(( b5725LSb )5726)) ,5727,, what5728WPwhat is5729VBZbe it5730PPit we5731PPwe can5732MDcan remove5733VVremove ?5734SENT? We5735PPwe can5736MDcan remove5737VVremove ...5738:... [MR. BARNETTE]5739LOC[MR. BARNETTE] A5740DTa qualified5741JJqualified class5742NNclass action5743NNaction ...5744:... [JUSTICE BREYER]5745LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] No5746NPNo ,5747,, wait5748NNwait .5749SENT. Less5750JJRLess than5751INthan that5752DTthat .5753SENT. A5754DTa ...5755:... I5756PPI 'll5757MDwill figure5758VVfigure it5759PPit out5760RBout later5761RBRlater .5762SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]5763LOC[MR. BARNETTE] All5764DTall right5765NNright .5766SENT. [JUSTICE BREYER]5767LOC[JUSTICE BREYER] I5768PPI do5769VVPdo n't5770RBn't want5771VVwant to5772TOto interrupt5773VVinterrupt your5774PP$your rebuttal5775NNrebuttal time5776NNtime .5777SENT. [MR. BARNETTE]5778LOC[MR. BARNETTE] All5779DTall right5780NNright .5781SENT. I5782PPI 'd5783MDwould like5784VVlike to5785TOto reserve5786VVreserve the5787DTthe remainder5788NNremainder of5789INof my5790PP$my time5791NNtime for5792INfor rebuttal5793NNrebuttal ,5794,, Your5795PP$your Honor5796NPHonor .5797SENT. [CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS]5798LOC[CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS] Thank5799VVthank you5800PPyou ,5801,, counsel5802NNcounsel .5803SENT. Mr5804NPMr .5805SENT. Bland5806JJbland .5807SENT.