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ROCOv2-radiology

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ROCOv2_2023_train_000101

Lateral cephalogram of the patient.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000102

A 30-mm-wide mass in the ascending colon

ROCOv2_2023_train_000103

A fluoroscopic view showing the endoscopic epidural neuroplasty. An epidural catheter is inserted into the epidural space of L5-S1 levels through the sacral hiatus. The tip of epidural catheter is located just around right L5 root.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000104

Plain erect X-ray images of the abdomen show multiple air-fluid levels in the intestine (arrow head).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000105

CT of the abdomen showing a fatty mass (arrow) at the center of the transplant kidney.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000106

Positive SSLOW Exam. Positive SSLOW exam with free fluid in the bowel interloops. The patient had a penetrating wound to the right lower quadrant and was found to have an injury to the cecum on exploratory laparotomy

ROCOv2_2023_train_000107

A 68-year-old woman with a palpable mass in the left breast.Ultrasonography (US) shows a circumscribed, oval-shaped, hypoechoic mass (arrow) with posterior acoustic enhancement in the left breast. A US-guided biopsy confirmed triple-negative breast cancer.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000108

Chest radiograph demonstrating a right-sided apical cavitary lesion (yellow arrow) and a chemotherapy port (blue arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000109

Axial reformatted CT chest with IV contrast demonstrating a cavitary lesion with internal dependent debris and an air-fluid level in the right upper lobe apical and anterior segment measuring 5.7 × 5.7 × 5.8 cm (yellow arrow).CT: computed tomography; IV: intravenous

ROCOv2_2023_train_000110

Chest radiograph demonstrating a right-sided pneumothorax (red arrow), a right-sided apical cavitary lesion (yellow arrow), a chemotherapy port (blue arrow), and a PICC line (green arrow).PICC: peripherally inserted central catheter

ROCOv2_2023_train_000111

Chest radiograph demonstrating a right-sided pneumothorax (red arrow), a right-sided apical cavitary lesion (yellow arrow), a chemotherapy port (blue arrow), a PICC line (green arrow), and a chest tube (white arrow).PICC: peripherally inserted central catheter

ROCOv2_2023_train_000112

Chest radiograph demonstrating a right-sided pneumothorax (red arrow), a right-sided apical cavitary lesion (yellow arrow), a chemotherapy port (blue arrow), a PICC line (green arrow), and a pigtail catheter (white arrow).PICC: peripherally inserted central catheter

ROCOv2_2023_train_000113

A full range of cardiac support technology. The plain chest x-ray shows a Jarvik pump in the apex of the left ventricle with power cable passing through the neck to the skull pedestal. There is an implantable cardio-defibrillator and dual chamber pacemaker with additional wire for cardiac resynchronisation therapy. There are drug eluting stents in the left coronary artery. Bone marrow stem cells now add a further dimension to supportive therapy.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000114

Mycoplasma pneumonia: area of consolidation (lung hepatization) with blurred margins and disappearance of pleural line. Adjacent to the affected area, evidence of normal A-lines, i.e., hyperechoic horizontal lines deeper than visible pleural line, parallel and equidistant from one another that are able to exclude the presence of lung pathologies in the scanned area.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000115

Bronchiolitis: small subpleural consolidation in a newborn, expression of a disease moderate in severity.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000116

The pigtail placed into the left kidney.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000117

The initial X-ray at the time of injury. The injury was misinterpreted as left hemothorax (black arrow)

ROCOv2_2023_train_000118

The CT scan done at the time of presentation. The image shows herniated abdominal viscera with oral contrast in the left hemithorax (black arrow)CT: computed tomography

ROCOv2_2023_train_000119

The second event of stent thrombosis. Coronary angiogram is showing good distal flow (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction III) after stent implantation in proximal left anterior descending artery with overlapping proximal part of the previous stent (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000120

Transfontanelle sonography shows large cyst-like cisterna magna that suggested cerebellar hypoplasia and slightly dilated frontal horns of the lateral ventricles.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000121

Axial contrast enhanced MRI: extensive JA with a typical pattern of spread into the cancellous bone of the basisphenoid along the vidian canal (white dotted line); on the contralateral side, black arrows indicate the right vidian nerve. Moreover, the lesion spreads deeply into the pterygomaxillary fossa toward the masticatory muscles, with anterior displacement of the posterior maxillary wall (white arrowheads). Asterisks indicate the foramen ovale bilaterally. TM: temporalis muscle; MM: masseter muscle.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000122

Preoperative periapical radiograph showing a radiolucent image around the root of 1.1 and a larger radiolucency around 2.1.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000123

Chest X-ray at day of admission.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000124

CT chest on presentation.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000125

Determination of the Heart Size on the Standard PA CXR

ROCOv2_2023_train_000126

MRI image showing the presence of dorsal pancreatic duct (right) and ventral pancreatic duct (left) that drains into the major papilla

ROCOv2_2023_train_000127

Well-defined solid homogeneous mediastinal mass in chest CT scan of case 1.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000128

Smooth, semilunar filling defect in upper esophagus of case 1 after barium swallow which shown by arrow.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000129

Abdominal CT scan. An axial contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) image of the abdomen shows an inhomogeneous, large, nonenhanced hypodense lesion measuring 13.6 × 11.6 × 20 cm, occupying most of the right liver with exophytic components encroaching the upper right suprarenal region and displacing the right kidney inferiorly

ROCOv2_2023_train_000130

Anteroposterior view showing plate with nail in situ.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000131

Lateral view showing plate with nail in situ.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000132

Pretreatment computed tomography revealed a metastatic bone tumor in the ninth thoracic vertebral arch.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000133

Axial source image from an intracranial magnetic resonance angiogram reveals abnormal arterial signal elevation in the left more than right cavernous sinuses consistent with a carotid cavernous fistula, as indicated by the arrow.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000134

Frontal view from a left common carotid artery angiogram demonstrates multiple arterial feeders from the left internal carotid artery and external carotid artery to the high flow indirect carotid cavernous fistula (single arrow). There is arterialization of the bilateral cavernous sinuses, circular sinus, and left superior ophthalmic vein (double arrows)."Left" indicates the patient's left side.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000135

Left common carotid artery angiogram after the initial transvenous embolization reveals a dense coil pack in the medial aspect of the left cavernous sinus with reduced flow across the circular sinus. There is still a prominent arterialized venous pouch laterally (arrow) and arterialization of the left superior ophthalmic vein."Left" indicates the patient's left side.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000136

Lateral view selective microcatheter venography shows the microcatheter tip placed precisely in the residual arterialized venous pouch (arrow). Coils were placed from this position up to the junction with the superior ophthalmic vein (double arrow) as the microcatheter was slowly withdrawn."Left" indicates the patient's left side.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000137

Lateral view left common carotid artery angiogram confirms that there is no longer any arteriovenous shunting or early opacification of the superior ophthalmic vein (arrow)."Left" indicates the patient's left side.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000138

Digital subtraction angiography of popliteal artery.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000139

Digital subtraction angiography of popliteal artery with cystic adventitial disease in focus.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000140

Tracheal deviation and narrowing (transverse view). Also seen is the tracheostomy tube.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000141

Large cervicomediastinal mass (coronal view).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000142

Postthyroidectomy airway.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000143

Radiographic example of acceptable root canal obturation.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000144

Sagittal view of the lumbar spine MRI showing a cystic lesion in the anterior epidural space with high signal intensity on T2-weighted image.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000145

Hydatid cyst (Red arrow) and collapsed membranes (Yellow arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000146

Simple lateral skull X-ray shows the bony cleft due to the previous craniotomy.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000147

Brain CT scan taken after the occurrence of seizure shows minimal intracerebral hematoma and fluid collection (arrow) in the left side.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000148

Brain CT slice caudal to Fig. 2, bony cleft is visible (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000149

Transesophageal echocardiography. The injection of bolus of agitated saline in a forearm vein confirmed a small PFO, with spontaneous shunt. Note the small amount of bubbles (less than 5) in the left atrium.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000150

Retrograde urethrogram showed significant extravasation of contrast from anterior penile urethra to surrounding soft tissue.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000151

Pericatheter urethrogram showed urethral continuity with no extravasation.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000152

Computerized tomography scan showed ascites, cirrhosis, emboli in portal vein system (arrows)

ROCOv2_2023_train_000153

Photograph of computed tomography-scan abdomen shows hypoattenuating tumor of the ascending colon (green arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000154

Endoscopic ultrasound image of a pseudocyst.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000155

Preoperative Axial T2 of the skull base revealed multiple fluid-fluid levels with hemorrhagic areas (white arrow) are consistent with associated aneurysmal bone cyst.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000156

Panoramic radiography of the patient before extraction of the left maxillary central and lateral incisor in 2011.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000157

Panoramic radiograph showing osteomyelitis in the right mandibula due to extraction of the right mandibular second molar tooth.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000158

Postoperative panoramic radiography after bony sequestra removed in 2013.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000159

A transverse view of the CT scan showing a subdiaphragmatic collection (red arrow).CT: Computed tomography.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000160

A sagittal view of the CT scan showing a subdiaphragmatic collection (red arrows).CT: Computed tomography.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000161

Simplified schematic drawing of central structures involved in the processing of vestibular and thermal information reaching the insular cortex as multisensory region via the thalamus. Intrainsular connections between vestibular (blue) and somatosensory signals (yellow) might lead to homeostasis and might be the basis for vestibular–somatosensory interaction (red arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000162

Chest radiograph showing a large mediastinal opacity.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000163

CT chest showing a mediastinal haematoma with active contrast extravasation.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000164

The atlas was rotated on one articular process with 3-5 mm anterior displacement, compatible with type II subluxation in patient's computed tomography

ROCOv2_2023_train_000165

Axial CT image of the brain without contrast was unremarkable.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000166

Shear wave velocity (SWV) measurement with the 4 C1 probe in a region of interest 1 × 0.5 cm at a depth of 2,3 cm. SWV = 1.35 m/s.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000167

MRI of lateral position taken preoperatively showed a stable retrolisthesis of lumbar 3 after a previous internal fixation. Patient was a male, 50 years old. Arrow pointed the L3 retrolisthesis. MRI = magnetic resonance imaging.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000168

Before PELD operation, X-ray imaging of lateral position showed the 3 inserted screws in L4-S1 from a previous PLIF operation, and the arrow showed the stable retrolisthesis at L3 from same patient in Figure 1. PELD = percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, PLIF = posterior lumbar interbody fusion.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000169

Pleural effusion and consolidation on chest X-ray of the patient.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000170

Pleural effusion from baseline to the left upper lobe and accompanying total collapse of the left lower lobe.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000171

Preoperative midesophageal TEE 4-chamber view showing a large echo-dense atrial mass; one segment is attached to the atrial septum (2.67 cm × 1.43 cm) and another segment is attached to the anterior mitral leaflet (1.43 cm × 2.22 cm).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000172

Cardiac MRI first-pass perfusion imaging showing mass originating on the atrial septum and extending along the atrial aspect of the anterior mitral valve leaflet.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000173

TEE 3D reconstruction with color Doppler showing a bioprosthetic mitral valve with paravalvular leak on the short axis.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000174

TEE continuous wave showing severe mitral regurgitation.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000175

Coronary artery disease in a left breast cancer patient without cardiovascular risk factors treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A long lesion with severe stenosis in the mid-distal portion of the circumflex artery (orange arrow). The left anterior descending artery (yellow arrows) also has a diffuse disease and severe stenosis (95%) in the mid-distal segment. Image courtesy of Dr. Andrés Daniele. “Ángel Roffo” Oncology Institute Buenos Aires, Argentina.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000176

Angiogram showing atherosclerotic RAS

ROCOv2_2023_train_000177

Placement of stent in an ostial RAS.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000178

Anterior chest X-ray of the centenarian patient showed a thickening of the peribronchial and bronchilovascular interstitium, probably due to interstitial disease.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000179

Figure 1: Contrast study showing right sided stomach and duodenal obstruction.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000180

A follow-up enhanced CT scan after embolization two weeks later shows a large post-hemorrhagic pseudocyst formation (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000181

A follow-up enhanced CT scan after embolization performed 16 weeks later shows a decrease in size of the post-hemorrhagic pseudocyst as well as gradual atrophy of the right lobe of the liver (arrow).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000182

Chest x-ray showing bilateral diffuse non-homogenous opacities.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000183

Panoramic radiograph shows the lesion as a well-defined radiopacity surrounded by a radiolucent halo with secondary inferior displacement and oblique horizontal impaction of the right mandibular second premolar.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000184

Irregular lobulated mass in anterior segment of left upper lobe, peripheral floccule inflammation, djacent pleural thickening adhesion, local traction

ROCOv2_2023_train_000185

Enhanced CT.Notes: This enhanced CT shows a 13 cm right renal tumor that invades the pancreas (arrows), duodenum (arrowheads), and inferior vena cava (asterisk). The second part of the duodenum shows stenosis because of the protruding right renal tumor.Abbreviation: CT, computed tomography.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000186

PET scan.Notes: Scan shows accumulation of FDG in the right renal tumor (arrows). Maximum SVU is >40.Abbreviations: PET, positron emission tomography; FDG, fluorine-18-deoxyglucose; SUV, standardized uptake value.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000187

Enhanced CT at 5 weeks after starting treatment with axitinib.Notes: Tumor degeneration is observed (black triangle). The lumen of the second part of the duodenum (arrowheads) is wider, due to tumor shrinkage compared with the pretreatment state. Three arrows show the head of the pancreas, and the asterisk shows inferior vena cava.Abbreviation: CT, computed tomography.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000188

Lateral plain X-ray image obtained after the first surgery. In addition to posterior fusion at the L1–L5 intervertebral space, posterior lumbar interbody fusion at the L2-L3 intervertebral space was performed using a PEEK cage and local bone.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000189

Lateral plain X-ray image obtained 10 weeks after the first surgery, showing loosening and back-out of the pedicle screw at L1-L2.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000190

In the case 1, multiple bone metastases were suspected by a positron emission tomography-computed tomography in the pelvic bone (SUVmax = 2.94).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000191

Case 3 was suspected of right recurrent nerve lymph node metastasis by preoperative positron emission tomography-computed tomography (SUVmax = 3.00).

ROCOv2_2023_train_000192

Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging with enhancement. Coronal view of a T2-weighted fat-suppressed image.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000193

Axial CT scan showed a huge left sacral expansive lesions with marginal sclerosis(S1-2)

ROCOv2_2023_train_000194

T2-weighted image showed a right sacral mass as a dumbbell-shaped configuration and mixed low signal intensity on the basis of high signal intensity

ROCOv2_2023_train_000195

T1-weighted image showed a right sacral mass as a dumbbell-shaped configuration and mixed high signal intensity on the basis of low signal intensity

ROCOv2_2023_train_000196

T1-weighted image showed a right sacral mass with low signal intensity

ROCOv2_2023_train_000197

The enhanced T1-weighted image showed a right sacral mass with uneven enhancement

ROCOv2_2023_train_000198

Still frame image of the RCA in the right anterior oblique (RAO) projection. The RCA is seen arising from the left coronary cusp prior to taking a usual course through the atrioventricular groove.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000199

Axial CMR images corroborating the anomalous RCA (arrow) arising from the left coronary cusp and appearing to take an intra-arterial course.

ROCOv2_2023_train_000200

Chest X-ray showing free air under diaphragm (single arrow head) along with the Bochdalek hernia on the right side (double arrow head).