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+bD8_Cm_AeeM-00000-00000131-00001180 [Music]
+bD8_Cm_AeeM-00001-00001181-00002186 [Music]
+bD8_Cm_AeeM-00002-00002187-00003193 [Music]
+bD8_Cm_AeeM-00003-00003194-00004200 [Music]
+bD8_Cm_AeeM-00004-00004201-00005135 [Music]
+bD8_Cm_AeeM-00005-00005136-00005344 you
+bDlMkCSmYpo-00000-00002829-00003101 something funny's on are you better chat
+bDlMkCSmYpo-00001-00003102-00003900 and you said you remember would you like
+bDlMkCSmYpo-00002-00003901-00004044 an autograph
+bDlMkCSmYpo-00003-00004045-00004793 no I just thank me while I'm fasting oh
+bDlMkCSmYpo-00004-00004794-00005313 okay done I love you so much
+bD-EyMB13oE-00000-00002016-00002159 thank you for tuning in to another
+bD-EyMB13oE-00001-00002160-00002292 episode of Chief chat
+bD-EyMB13oE-00002-00002293-00003503 [Music]
+bD-EyMB13oE-00003-00003504-00003820 hello Exchange family welcome to another
+bD-EyMB13oE-00004-00003821-00004186 amazing show of Chief chat as you can
+bD-EyMB13oE-00005-00004187-00004504 tell I am not Chief I'm Emily
+bD-EyMB13oE-00006-00004505-00004822 um Chief is taking a tour of Europe um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00007-00004823-00005063 through our exchange stores right now
+bD-EyMB13oE-00008-00005064-00005249 um so he unfortunately will not be
+bD-EyMB13oE-00009-00005250-00005554 joining us but of course we do have
+bD-EyMB13oE-00010-00005555-00005765 Kiana with me today
+bD-EyMB13oE-00011-00005766-00006070 um so Kiana hello how's it going hi
+bD-EyMB13oE-00012-00006071-00006268 Emily oh it's so great of course I'm
+bD-EyMB13oE-00013-00006269-00006478 super jealous that Chief is Far Far Away
+bD-EyMB13oE-00014-00006479-00006706 across the pond but now he's having a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00015-00006708-00006892 great time I'm interacting with our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00016-00006893-00007067 constituents and stakeholders out there
+bD-EyMB13oE-00017-00007068-00007631 so cheers hey what's up to you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00018-00007631-00007828 um oconus hello
+bD-EyMB13oE-00019-00007829-00008117 um and and I think he's been yeah he's
+bD-EyMB13oE-00020-00008118-00008260 been all over
+bD-EyMB13oE-00021-00008261-00008519 um checking our stores and um it's been
+bD-EyMB13oE-00022-00008520-00008746 awesome but we have an amazing
+bD-EyMB13oE-00023-00008747-00009017 um show today and before
+bD-EyMB13oE-00024-00009018-00009263 um I kick it out over to Kiana I just
+bD-EyMB13oE-00025-00009264-00009424 want to thank the soldiers Airmen
+bD-EyMB13oE-00026-00009425-00009664 Guardian Marines Sailors and Coast Guard
+bD-EyMB13oE-00027-00009665-00009887 members as well as the military families
+bD-EyMB13oE-00028-00009888-00010181 for joining us today so Kiana without
+bD-EyMB13oE-00029-00010182-00010324 further ado
+bD-EyMB13oE-00030-00010325-00010463 please
+bD-EyMB13oE-00031-00010464-00010637 let us know who we're chatting with
+bD-EyMB13oE-00032-00010638-00010763 today
+bD-EyMB13oE-00033-00010764-00010985 for sure so today's guest is the chief
+bD-EyMB13oE-00034-00010986-00011195 of the child Youth and school Services
+bD-EyMB13oE-00035-00011196-00011405 Branch the soldier and family Readiness
+bD-EyMB13oE-00036-00011406-00011621 quality of life directorate she is
+bD-EyMB13oE-00037-00011622-00011824 responsible for the policy and resource
+bD-EyMB13oE-00038-00011825-00012053 requirements required to execute nine
+bD-EyMB13oE-00039-00012054-00012310 core CYS programs which are Child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00040-00012311-00012509 Development Centers family child care
+bD-EyMB13oE-00041-00012510-00012791 school Age Care youth programs Youth
+bD-EyMB13oE-00042-00012792-00012943 Sports and Fitness programming
+bD-EyMB13oE-00043-00012944-00013216 community-based child and youth programs
+bD-EyMB13oE-00044-00013218-00013469 School support services and parent and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00045-00013469-00013697 Outreach programs and deployment support
+bD-EyMB13oE-00046-00013697-00013894 so she's here today to discuss her role
+bD-EyMB13oE-00047-00013895-00014063 in providing child care to military
+bD-EyMB13oE-00048-00014063-00014285 children please give a warm Chit Chat
+bD-EyMB13oE-00049-00014286-00014669 welcome to Helen Ron armo
+bD-EyMB13oE-00050-00014669-00015029 hello everyone
+bD-EyMB13oE-00051-00015030-00015377 hi everyone how's it going
+bD-EyMB13oE-00052-00015378-00015701 hi well things are going really well
+bD-EyMB13oE-00053-00015702-00015935 um we've been working really hard lately
+bD-EyMB13oE-00054-00015936-00016313 trying to um get all of our programs and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00055-00016313-00016535 services lined up to celebrate month of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00056-00016536-00016799 the military child that's just around
+bD-EyMB13oE-00057-00016800-00017093 the corner and we've been prepping our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00058-00017094-00017279 senior leaders for all of their
+bD-EyMB13oE-00059-00017280-00017549 Congressional engagements that happen at
+bD-EyMB13oE-00060-00017550-00017777 this time of the year so we've been busy
+bD-EyMB13oE-00061-00017778-00017927 trying to make sure that our soldiers
+bD-EyMB13oE-00062-00017928-00018172 and families have access to Quality
+bD-EyMB13oE-00063-00018173-00018491 child care and youth programs as a at
+bD-EyMB13oE-00064-00018492-00018629 their installation and as they move
+bD-EyMB13oE-00065-00018630-00018772 across the army
+bD-EyMB13oE-00066-00018773-00018971 awesome and of course we're so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00067-00018972-00019169 appreciative and we can't wait to dive
+bD-EyMB13oE-00068-00019170-00019355 in more to what you do to make all of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00069-00019356-00019564 this not only happen for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00070-00019565-00019769 um April for month of military child but
+bD-EyMB13oE-00071-00019770-00020014 just all year round
+bD-EyMB13oE-00072-00020015-00020279 um for our our youth so it's a pleasure
+bD-EyMB13oE-00073-00020280-00020536 to have you here today as well as during
+bD-EyMB13oE-00074-00020537-00020819 the month of women's History Month
+bD-EyMB13oE-00075-00020820-00021100 um and so where are you coming from um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00076-00021101-00021377 today where are you joining us from
+bD-EyMB13oE-00077-00021378-00021635 Well normally I would be at my desk in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00078-00021636-00021905 the Pentagon but today I'm at home at my
+bD-EyMB13oE-00079-00021906-00022205 home in Springfield Virginia
+bD-EyMB13oE-00080-00022206-00022564 awesome and in uh we kind of talked
+bD-EyMB13oE-00081-00022565-00022775 about it before going live you mentioned
+bD-EyMB13oE-00082-00022776-00022930 you're having a beautiful spring day
+bD-EyMB13oE-00083-00022931-00023261 there today we we are having a beautiful
+bD-EyMB13oE-00084-00023262-00023453 spring day I can look at my window here
+bD-EyMB13oE-00085-00023454-00023825 and the sky is blue and the the buds are
+bD-EyMB13oE-00086-00023826-00023980 flying in the air from the little bit of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00087-00023981-00024197 Breeze that's out there so yeah it is a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00088-00024198-00024377 great day to be in Northern Virginia for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00089-00024378-00024461 sure
+bD-EyMB13oE-00090-00024462-00024772 love to hear that yes that's amazing no
+bD-EyMB13oE-00091-00024773-00024911 but we're so excited to chat about
+bD-EyMB13oE-00092-00024912-00025121 education and child care today
+bD-EyMB13oE-00093-00025122-00025283 especially because the month of the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00094-00025284-00025439 military child is on the horizon it's
+bD-EyMB13oE-00095-00025440-00025606 just next month and that's pretty much
+bD-EyMB13oE-00096-00025607-00025846 next week so Ellen can you tell us a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00097-00025847-00026056 little bit about yourself and then also
+bD-EyMB13oE-00098-00026057-00026225 how you found yourself working in Army
+bD-EyMB13oE-00099-00026226-00026524 child Youth and school programs
+bD-EyMB13oE-00100-00026525-00026789 well well thank you and um really thank
+bD-EyMB13oE-00101-00026789-00026974 you for having me today
+bD-EyMB13oE-00102-00026975-00027208 um I it's given me an opportunity to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00103-00027210-00027514 kind of go down Child Care Memory Lane
+bD-EyMB13oE-00104-00027516-00027689 um I've been a part of the Army's child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00105-00027689-00027983 and youth program for 38 years
+bD-EyMB13oE-00106-00027983-00028367 um I started out in schaffenburg Germany
+bD-EyMB13oE-00107-00028368-00028811 in 1984 and and how I got there
+bD-EyMB13oE-00108-00028812-00028990 um was
+bD-EyMB13oE-00109-00028991-00029207 um because of my husband like a lot of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00110-00029208-00029374 spouses in the military
+bD-EyMB13oE-00111-00029375-00029579 um my husband and I are dual Federal
+bD-EyMB13oE-00112-00029580-00029890 service Civil Service
+bD-EyMB13oE-00113-00029891-00030124 um he accepted a job in ashaffenburg
+bD-EyMB13oE-00114-00030125-00030401 Germany I was a speech and language
+bD-EyMB13oE-00115-00030402-00030629 pathologist in a public school system
+bD-EyMB13oE-00116-00030630-00030868 and I kind of wanted to finish out my
+bD-EyMB13oE-00117-00030869-00031246 years so he left in January and I joined
+bD-EyMB13oE-00118-00031247-00031511 him in that summer in July and he
+bD-EyMB13oE-00119-00031512-00031696 assured me that when I got there there
+bD-EyMB13oE-00120-00031697-00031918 would be a position in in the speech and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00121-00031919-00032099 language field that I could you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00122-00032100-00032368 immediately get a job in well that of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00123-00032369-00032627 course did not prove to be true so so I
+bD-EyMB13oE-00124-00032627-00032890 spent the first three months of my time
+bD-EyMB13oE-00125-00032891-00033012 in Germany
+bD-EyMB13oE-00126-00033013-00033287 hounding the civilian personnel office
+bD-EyMB13oE-00127-00033288-00033562 trying to find a job working through
+bD-EyMB13oE-00128-00033563-00033857 application after application defending
+bD-EyMB13oE-00129-00033858-00034168 my background and finally got a position
+bD-EyMB13oE-00130-00034169-00034385 as an infant room teacher in the local
+bD-EyMB13oE-00131-00034386-00034618 Child Development Center
+bD-EyMB13oE-00132-00034619-00034823 um and as I said that was 38 years ago
+bD-EyMB13oE-00133-00034824-00035039 and if you had told me then that I would
+bD-EyMB13oE-00134-00035040-00035267 be where I am now I would have said no
+bD-EyMB13oE-00135-00035268-00035435 you're dreaming I'll be back in the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00136-00035436-00035561 schools as a speech and language
+bD-EyMB13oE-00137-00035562-00035795 pathologist as soon as I can find a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00138-00035796-00035987 position there well
+bD-EyMB13oE-00139-00035988-00036052 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00140-00036053-00036323 it took a few months and a little bit of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00141-00036324-00036557 like what am I really doing here I'm in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00142-00036558-00036737 a speech and language pathologist I'm in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00143-00036738-00037012 an infant room I'm changing diapers
+bD-EyMB13oE-00144-00037013-00037235 um this is this really what I want to do
+bD-EyMB13oE-00145-00037236-00037445 and you know after after a little bit of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00146-00037446-00037607 thinking about it you know he said hey
+bD-EyMB13oE-00147-00037608-00037787 you know you're an expert in speech and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00148-00037788-00038117 language development use that skill
+bD-EyMB13oE-00149-00038118-00038452 um to help these families and my fellow
+bD-EyMB13oE-00150-00038453-00038687 child care providers in helping these
+bD-EyMB13oE-00151-00038688-00038861 kids develop their you know their speech
+bD-EyMB13oE-00152-00038862-00039083 and their language that was a turning
+bD-EyMB13oE-00153-00039084-00039262 point for me
+bD-EyMB13oE-00154-00039263-00039467 um I have to say I really got hooked I
+bD-EyMB13oE-00155-00039468-00039761 fell in love with military families fell
+bD-EyMB13oE-00156-00039762-00039899 in love with the little babies that I
+bD-EyMB13oE-00157-00039900-00040265 was taking care of really you could you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00158-00040266-00040445 see the importance of your work every
+bD-EyMB13oE-00159-00040446-00040601 day
+bD-EyMB13oE-00160-00040602-00040859 um like I said I got hooked and here I
+bD-EyMB13oE-00161-00040860-00041095 am today 38 years later
+bD-EyMB13oE-00162-00041096-00041477 oh no that's a great story
+bD-EyMB13oE-00163-00041478-00041818 that's incredible and so Helen you are
+bD-EyMB13oE-00164-00041819-00042023 um only the second person to hold the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00165-00042024-00042245 position of program director for Army
+bD-EyMB13oE-00166-00042246-00042527 child Youth and school Services can you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00167-00042528-00042743 tell us about your experiences and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00168-00042744-00042940 opportunities that led you to this
+bD-EyMB13oE-00169-00042941-00043211 important quality of life position that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00170-00043212-00043468 you hold today yeah
+bD-EyMB13oE-00171-00043469-00043721 yeah when you say it that way the only
+bD-EyMB13oE-00172-00043722-00043967 the second person it really is it you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00173-00043968-00044123 know it makes me sit back and say yeah
+bD-EyMB13oE-00174-00044124-00044543 right wow again how did I get here so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00175-00044544-00044765 um from that time in Germany
+bD-EyMB13oE-00176-00044766-00045046 um back in 1984
+bD-EyMB13oE-00177-00045047-00045346 um and the hook that child care
+bD-EyMB13oE-00178-00045347-00045593 um and the and the fire that it built in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00179-00045594-00045880 me um I moved ahead and became from a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00180-00045881-00046180 teacher became a center director from a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00181-00046181-00046535 center director I was I applied for and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00182-00046536-00046690 received the position of the child and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00183-00046691-00046924 youth coordinator which is a position
+bD-EyMB13oE-00184-00046925-00047152 responsible for the operation of the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00185-00047153-00047440 entire program on an installation a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00186-00047441-00047668 shopenberg was a a fairly small
+bD-EyMB13oE-00187-00047669-00048035 installation and I had an opportunity
+bD-EyMB13oE-00188-00048036-00048299 um in a few years to move on to a much
+bD-EyMB13oE-00189-00048300-00048545 larger installation in Nuremberg Germany
+bD-EyMB13oE-00190-00048546-00048761 where there were six Child Development
+bD-EyMB13oE-00191-00048762-00049211 Centers and 275 family child care homes
+bD-EyMB13oE-00192-00049212-00049468 that were spread across a very large set
+bD-EyMB13oE-00193-00049469-00049896 section of Bavaria very challenging
+bD-EyMB13oE-00194-00049897-00050233 and at that same time
+bD-EyMB13oE-00195-00050234-00050543 the military Child Care Act came into
+bD-EyMB13oE-00196-00050544-00050729 play and so there were a whole there
+bD-EyMB13oE-00197-00050730-00050890 were changes Galore in the child and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00198-00050891-00051155 youth program at that time but Nuremberg
+bD-EyMB13oE-00199-00051156-00051287 was a great
+bD-EyMB13oE-00200-00051288-00051676 um a great opportunity for me to really
+bD-EyMB13oE-00201-00051677-00052037 learn about myself as a leader
+bD-EyMB13oE-00202-00052038-00052258 um to learn the management skills that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00203-00052259-00052571 were necessary to really you know take
+bD-EyMB13oE-00204-00052572-00052849 care of such a large program that was
+bD-EyMB13oE-00205-00052850-00053213 spread all over such a large area
+bD-EyMB13oE-00206-00053214-00053494 um to you know to really connect with
+bD-EyMB13oE-00207-00053495-00053597 families
+bD-EyMB13oE-00208-00053598-00053837 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00209-00053838-00054269 to to just work with a larger group of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00210-00054270-00054569 professionals with the same purpose and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00211-00054570-00054742 that was to really reduce the conflict
+bD-EyMB13oE-00212-00054744-00054988 for our families between you know their
+bD-EyMB13oE-00213-00054989-00055204 parental responsibilities and the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00214-00055205-00055480 mission requirements that were ahead of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00215-00055482-00055619 them
+bD-EyMB13oE-00216-00055620-00055876 um while I was in Nuremberg you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00217-00055877-00056309 Operation Desert Storm happened
+bD-EyMB13oE-00218-00056310-00056392 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00219-00056394-00056675 quite a challenge for us most of our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00220-00056676-00056863 soldiers deployed
+bD-EyMB13oE-00221-00056864-00057154 we were our family State most of our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00222-00057155-00057400 families stayed behind
+bD-EyMB13oE-00223-00057401-00057635 um we kept and managed six Child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00224-00057636-00057791 Development Centers during that whole
+bD-EyMB13oE-00225-00057791-00058115 time of Desert Storm and in addition we
+bD-EyMB13oE-00226-00058116-00058282 opened a seventh Child Development
+bD-EyMB13oE-00227-00058283-00058600 Center in in the hospital that operated
+bD-EyMB13oE-00228-00058601-00058949 24 hours seven days a week for seven
+bD-EyMB13oE-00229-00058950-00059050 months
+bD-EyMB13oE-00230-00059051-00059392 and we did that with the Manpower that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00231-00059394-00059561 we already had on board because there
+bD-EyMB13oE-00232-00059562-00059782 really was no way to recruit any extra
+bD-EyMB13oE-00233-00059783-00060041 staff at that time so there were some
+bD-EyMB13oE-00234-00060041-00060299 pretty challenging days
+bD-EyMB13oE-00235-00060300-00060509 um I know myself along with several of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00236-00060510-00060730 my other staff members worked every day
+bD-EyMB13oE-00237-00060732-00060959 from the first of February that year
+bD-EyMB13oE-00238-00060960-00061271 until the first of September without a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00239-00061272-00061438 day off
+bD-EyMB13oE-00240-00061439-00061726 um working weekends and evenings and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00241-00061727-00061997 overnights to keep that Center operating
+bD-EyMB13oE-00242-00061998-00062254 while doing your regular job every day
+bD-EyMB13oE-00243-00062255-00062650 from nine to five and making sure that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00244-00062651-00062857 you took the time to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00245-00062858-00063215 work with all the staff and continue to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00246-00063216-00063413 support them through all the challenges
+bD-EyMB13oE-00247-00063414-00063629 that they were having because as you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00248-00063629-00063779 know in if when you're in Europe most
+bD-EyMB13oE-00249-00063779-00064165 most of our staff or military spouses
+bD-EyMB13oE-00250-00064166-00064415 it was
+bD-EyMB13oE-00251-00064416-00064732 a very very challenging time but when I
+bD-EyMB13oE-00252-00064733-00064961 look back it was the greatest experience
+bD-EyMB13oE-00253-00064962-00065191 that I've had in my entire career
+bD-EyMB13oE-00254-00065191-00065441 it taught me everything I needed to know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00255-00065441-00065603 about how to manage a child and youth
+bD-EyMB13oE-00256-00065604-00065935 program it taught me what I needed to to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00257-00065936-00066247 keep step motivated
+bD-EyMB13oE-00258-00066248-00066563 how important it was to communicate and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00259-00066564-00066737 make sure that everybody was aware of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00260-00066738-00066853 every
+bD-EyMB13oE-00261-00066854-00067156 opportunity available to them and to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00262-00067157-00067319 know that they were supported through a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00263-00067320-00067435 difficult time
+bD-EyMB13oE-00264-00067436-00067679 I learned a lot of lessons at that point
+bD-EyMB13oE-00265-00067680-00067841 in time but
+bD-EyMB13oE-00266-00067842-00067925 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00267-00067926-00068093 as luck would have it there were a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00268-00068094-00068249 couple of other promotion possibilities
+bD-EyMB13oE-00269-00068250-00068519 there after Desert Storm which I took
+bD-EyMB13oE-00270-00068520-00068711 advantage of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00271-00068712-00068950 um moved back to the States some uh
+bD-EyMB13oE-00272-00068951-00069197 after that had some experience and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00273-00069198-00069359 another installation in the in the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00274-00069360-00069629 United States and then moved here to the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00275-00069630-00069821 Washington DC area where I've been for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00276-00069822-00070217 the past 20 odd years or so and have
+bD-EyMB13oE-00277-00070218-00070432 worked my way up from a training
+bD-EyMB13oE-00278-00070433-00070685 specialist in a in a training academy
+bD-EyMB13oE-00279-00070686-00070999 for MWR and child and youth services
+bD-EyMB13oE-00280-00071000-00071429 through about 10 different positions and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00281-00071430-00071615 so I have experience again at all
+bD-EyMB13oE-00282-00071616-00071926 different levels and until I ended ended
+bD-EyMB13oE-00283-00071927-00072179 where I am here today so that's kind of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00284-00072180-00072406 where I got how I got here
+bD-EyMB13oE-00285-00072407-00072671 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00286-00072672-00072994 let's see uh
+bD-EyMB13oE-00287-00072995-00073175 I think we're going to talk a little
+bD-EyMB13oE-00288-00073176-00073397 later on a little bit about you know the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00289-00073398-00073576 influences in your life but you know I
+bD-EyMB13oE-00290-00073577-00073871 want I want to say at this point that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00291-00073872-00074147 um I would not be anywhere I am today
+bD-EyMB13oE-00292-00074148-00074482 without the incredible mentorship of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00293-00074483-00074975 some very strong very intelligent
+bD-EyMB13oE-00294-00074976-00075097 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00295-00075098-00075406 leaders in the child and youth field
+bD-EyMB13oE-00296-00075407-00075743 um starting with the person whose job I
+bD-EyMB13oE-00297-00075744-00076126 now occupy her name was Miss M.A Lucas
+bD-EyMB13oE-00298-00076127-00076391 and um she like she held this job for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00299-00076392-00076697 almost you know 28 years
+bD-EyMB13oE-00300-00076698-00076847 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00301-00076848-00077176 other women very strong women who were
+bD-EyMB13oE-00302-00077177-00077405 my mentors from the time I done a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00303-00077406-00077699 schaffenburg Germany as I worked my way
+bD-EyMB13oE-00304-00077700-00077897 through different positions until I came
+bD-EyMB13oE-00305-00077898-00078167 here to the national capital region I
+bD-EyMB13oE-00306-00078168-00078431 have been the recipient of that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00307-00078432-00078749 mentorship and and guidance and you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00308-00078750-00078923 I hope that in my career I've been able
+bD-EyMB13oE-00309-00078924-00079097 to offer that same mentorship and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00310-00079098-00079379 guidance to you know other women that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00311-00079380-00079594 I've worked with and and men as well in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00312-00079595-00079805 the field of child and youth so that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00313-00079806-00080099 they can also see you a goal for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00314-00080100-00080285 themselves and attain that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00315-00080286-00080506 so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00316-00080507-00080819 no that's great so we talked a lot about
+bD-EyMB13oE-00317-00080820-00080969 your background and just all the wealth
+bD-EyMB13oE-00318-00080970-00081137 of experience that you have especially
+bD-EyMB13oE-00319-00081138-00081305 just being in challenging situations and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00320-00081306-00081509 overcoming those challenges to learn
+bD-EyMB13oE-00321-00081510-00081803 more and to Pivot and be better so like
+bD-EyMB13oE-00322-00081804-00081976 everything else in the world education
+bD-EyMB13oE-00323-00081977-00082241 has changed so much in the last 30 years
+bD-EyMB13oE-00324-00082242-00082426 last 20 years even the last decade
+bD-EyMB13oE-00325-00082427-00082631 especially as technology continues to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00326-00082632-00082865 all right so what are some of the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00327-00082866-00083117 changes or initiatives that kind of lead
+bD-EyMB13oE-00328-00083118-00083543 how Army CYS does child youth School
+bD-EyMB13oE-00329-00083544-00083782 services today
+bD-EyMB13oE-00330-00083783-00083981 ah so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00331-00083982-00084155 great question
+bD-EyMB13oE-00332-00084156-00084371 um over the course of my tenure you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00333-00084372-00084617 we've seen a lot of changes so you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00334-00084618-00084850 back in the early 90s um you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00335-00084851-00085000 military Child Care was called the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00336-00085001-00085235 ghetto of child care you know not we
+bD-EyMB13oE-00337-00085236-00085511 were not exactly the program that we are
+bD-EyMB13oE-00338-00085512-00085787 today we had we had our challenges both
+bD-EyMB13oE-00339-00085788-00086026 in how we operated our programs in the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00340-00086027-00086291 facilities that we used to provide that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00341-00086292-00086662 Karen and in 1989
+bD-EyMB13oE-00342-00086663-00086921 um Congress passed the military Child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00343-00086922-00087275 Care Act that really prescribed
+bD-EyMB13oE-00344-00087276-00087509 um the um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00345-00087510-00087953 the regulations and the policies and the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00346-00087954-00088181 and established the oversight to ensure
+bD-EyMB13oE-00347-00088182-00088450 that the programs that we offered meant
+bD-EyMB13oE-00348-00088451-00088600 the developmental needs the physical
+bD-EyMB13oE-00349-00088601-00088823 needs and the social needs of the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00350-00088824-00089068 children in our care that the training
+bD-EyMB13oE-00351-00089069-00089441 requirements were spelled out for us and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00352-00089442-00089656 that we had staff to execute that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00353-00089657-00089773 training
+bD-EyMB13oE-00354-00089774-00090079 that background checks were
+bD-EyMB13oE-00355-00090080-00090503 applied in a in a systematic way so that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00356-00090504-00090731 um the people that we put in our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00357-00090732-00090881 classrooms
+bD-EyMB13oE-00358-00090882-00091079 um did not have any derogatory
+bD-EyMB13oE-00359-00091080-00091300 information in their backgrounds
+bD-EyMB13oE-00360-00091301-00091547 and and more importantly
+bD-EyMB13oE-00361-00091548-00091806 um provided the oversight to ensure that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00362-00091807-00092153 we ran these programs in accordance with
+bD-EyMB13oE-00363-00092154-00092465 all of those regulations and policies so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00364-00092466-00092849 I had the opportunity back then in 1989
+bD-EyMB13oE-00365-00092850-00093067 to be part of the first Inspection Team
+bD-EyMB13oE-00366-00093068-00093461 in Europe we visited
+bD-EyMB13oE-00367-00093462-00093575 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00368-00093576-00094031 14 installations in in the month more on
+bD-EyMB13oE-00369-00094032-00094188 the road a lot
+bD-EyMB13oE-00370-00094189-00094505 and you know found some very interesting
+bD-EyMB13oE-00371-00094506-00094756 things you know and the reasons why that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00372-00094757-00094967 that military Child Care Act needed to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00373-00094968-00095176 be put in place and I'll you know I'll
+bD-EyMB13oE-00374-00095177-00095326 just tell about one of those instances
+bD-EyMB13oE-00375-00095327-00095585 we were at an installation in a small
+bD-EyMB13oE-00376-00095586-00095806 Child Development Center that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00377-00095807-00096149 um had a second floor and in the second
+bD-EyMB13oE-00378-00096150-00096593 floor was a social club for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00379-00096594-00096862 um single soldiers and and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00380-00096863-00097199 um but the entrance to that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00381-00097200-00097450 um social club for soldiers happened to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00382-00097451-00097661 be for them to walk through the infant
+bD-EyMB13oE-00383-00097662-00097925 room in this Child Development Center to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00384-00097926-00098159 a door to go upstairs to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00385-00098160-00098447 um to the club and so you're there was
+bD-EyMB13oE-00386-00098448-00098603 just something amiss about that right
+bD-EyMB13oE-00387-00098604-00098812 and maybe even before military Child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00388-00098813-00099076 Care Act needed to be instituted to say
+bD-EyMB13oE-00389-00099077-00099311 maybe we have a problem with all these
+bD-EyMB13oE-00390-00099312-00099503 gentlemen walking through the the Child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00391-00099504-00099653 Development Center through the infant
+bD-EyMB13oE-00392-00099654-00099929 room you know all day long so and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00393-00099930-00100187 certainly that does not happen today but
+bD-EyMB13oE-00394-00100188-00100426 um you know um still people were still
+bD-EyMB13oE-00395-00100427-00100576 doing the best that they knew how to do
+bD-EyMB13oE-00396-00100577-00100799 and you know in situations sometimes
+bD-EyMB13oE-00397-00100800-00101003 that they didn't control but rest
+bD-EyMB13oE-00398-00101004-00101182 assured that when you know when we left
+bD-EyMB13oE-00399-00101183-00101399 at that installation after the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00400-00101400-00101632 inspection that that access to that room
+bD-EyMB13oE-00401-00101633-00101855 did not occur anymore through the infant
+bD-EyMB13oE-00402-00101856-00102131 room in that Child Development Center so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00403-00102132-00102329 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00404-00102330-00102713 we um you know you learn through hard
+bD-EyMB13oE-00405-00102714-00102892 work and you know working like I said
+bD-EyMB13oE-00406-00102893-00103228 about you know six months every day and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00407-00103229-00103523 sometimes overnight and on weekends that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00408-00103524-00103753 the importance of the work that you do
+bD-EyMB13oE-00409-00103754-00104158 so you know having that opportunity to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00410-00104159-00104380 work through Desert Storm I you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00411-00104381-00104899 really honestly has just um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00412-00104900-00105197 not good you want a little humor moment
+bD-EyMB13oE-00413-00105198-00105275 here
+bD-EyMB13oE-00414-00105276-00105425 um I do have a little bit of cat that's
+bD-EyMB13oE-00415-00105426-00105871 trying to steal my earphones
+bD-EyMB13oE-00416-00105872-00106175 so if you see a cat jump up I apologize
+bD-EyMB13oE-00417-00106176-00106445 right away so of course my fingers are
+bD-EyMB13oE-00418-00106446-00106786 dry okay your fingers are crossed thanks
+bD-EyMB13oE-00419-00106788-00107033 so much I don't need that to happen but
+bD-EyMB13oE-00420-00107033-00107134 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00421-00107135-00107351 um and yeah um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00422-00107352-00107566 and so you know and I've really had that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00423-00107567-00107752 opportunity to move through many levels
+bD-EyMB13oE-00424-00107753-00108131 of uh of work but again I go back to the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00425-00108132-00108395 importance of you know the mentorship
+bD-EyMB13oE-00426-00108396-00108599 um that I received from my senior
+bD-EyMB13oE-00427-00108600-00108719 leaders whether they're the military
+bD-EyMB13oE-00428-00108720-00108995 leaders or the leaders in our child in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00429-00108996-00109204 our Child Care Program
+bD-EyMB13oE-00430-00109205-00109528 um without them without them I would not
+bD-EyMB13oE-00431-00109529-00109721 be where I am today the program would
+bD-EyMB13oE-00432-00109722-00109990 not be where it is today and my ability
+bD-EyMB13oE-00433-00109991-00110189 to influence the program and you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00434-00110190-00110428 take it in a New Direction
+bD-EyMB13oE-00435-00110429-00110854 um look at technology to help us look at
+bD-EyMB13oE-00436-00110855-00111101 you know some great opportunities that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00437-00111102-00111377 we have to improve the skills of the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00438-00111378-00111677 caregivers in our classrooms to make
+bD-EyMB13oE-00439-00111678-00111952 connections from when our when our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00440-00111953-00112127 children begin with us at you know four
+bD-EyMB13oE-00441-00112128-00112343 weeks or six weeks of age right until
+bD-EyMB13oE-00442-00112344-00112608 they time they graduate from high school
+bD-EyMB13oE-00443-00112609-00113002 to be able to make those connections and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00444-00113003-00113423 um have a path of growth from from that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00445-00113424-00113716 time and change the way we operate to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00446-00113717-00113933 accommodate all those different needs of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00447-00113933-00114115 those different age groups that we serve
+bD-EyMB13oE-00448-00114116-00114401 in different ways and you're right and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00449-00114402-00114628 the youth arena technology is such an
+bD-EyMB13oE-00450-00114629-00114875 important part of their lives and the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00451-00114876-00115102 transition to more technology in our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00452-00115103-00115349 programs you know keeps those children
+bD-EyMB13oE-00453-00115350-00115660 engaged and and gives them a healthy
+bD-EyMB13oE-00454-00115661-00115871 safe Outlet you know in after school
+bD-EyMB13oE-00455-00115872-00116039 hours
+bD-EyMB13oE-00456-00116040-00116452 um in in the in 2000 we also at the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00457-00116453-00116627 behest of the chief of staff of the army
+bD-EyMB13oE-00458-00116628-00116849 at that time developed a school support
+bD-EyMB13oE-00459-00116850-00117190 program and there was at the time
+bD-EyMB13oE-00460-00117191-00117502 military members were the school liaison
+bD-EyMB13oE-00461-00117503-00117743 officers and installations and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00462-00117744-00117899 essentially what they did was they just
+bD-EyMB13oE-00463-00117900-00118193 manage manage buses and keeping children
+bD-EyMB13oE-00464-00118194-00118390 safe on buses as they travel back and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00465-00118391-00118613 forth to school handled some discipline
+bD-EyMB13oE-00466-00118614-00118763 programs
+bD-EyMB13oE-00467-00118764-00119140 um but really we never had the help for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00468-00119141-00119345 families as they transitioned from one
+bD-EyMB13oE-00469-00119346-00119663 school to another to deal with records
+bD-EyMB13oE-00470-00119664-00120004 transfers classes
+bD-EyMB13oE-00471-00120005-00120131 um you know if you're on the football
+bD-EyMB13oE-00472-00120132-00120371 team and you transfer in you know and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00473-00120372-00120551 you can't play because you came in in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00474-00120552-00120827 October and The Season's half over
+bD-EyMB13oE-00475-00120828-00120893 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00476-00120894-00121121 we we started a partnership with the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00477-00121122-00121360 military Child Care Coalition and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00478-00121361-00121552 developed a whole school liaison program
+bD-EyMB13oE-00479-00121553-00121913 which still operates today
+bD-EyMB13oE-00480-00121914-00122140 um the the work resulted in a military
+bD-EyMB13oE-00481-00122141-00122507 compact between all 50 states and DC and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00482-00122508-00122740 Puerto Rico to ensure that our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00483-00122741-00122983 transitioning military children
+bD-EyMB13oE-00484-00122983-00123233 receive the assistance at a gaining and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00485-00123233-00123533 a losing in a losing school to ensure
+bD-EyMB13oE-00486-00123533-00123719 that they are not and negative
+bD-EyMB13oE-00487-00123720-00123995 negatively impact because of the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00488-00123996-00124252 military lifestyle so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00489-00124253-00124583 um in all areas of our programs we've
+bD-EyMB13oE-00490-00124583-00124816 we've kept up with technology we've kept
+bD-EyMB13oE-00491-00124817-00125039 up with the emerging needs of our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00492-00125040-00125308 military families we have some
+bD-EyMB13oE-00493-00125309-00125483 challenges now making sure we have
+bD-EyMB13oE-00494-00125483-00125699 enough child care for folks after covid
+bD-EyMB13oE-00495-00125700-00126113 we are working diligently to look at all
+bD-EyMB13oE-00496-00126114-00126497 arenas of initiatives to in you know to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00497-00126498-00126677 encourage people to apply for our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00498-00126678-00126928 programs and begin their career and very
+bD-EyMB13oE-00499-00126929-00127223 children youth programs in all of our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00500-00127224-00127421 school age child and school support
+bD-EyMB13oE-00501-00127422-00127565 programs
+bD-EyMB13oE-00502-00127566-00127708 so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00503-00127709-00127901 um Lots going on
+bD-EyMB13oE-00504-00127902-00128134 um adjustments being made all the time
+bD-EyMB13oE-00505-00128135-00128363 to accommodate the different needs and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00506-00128364-00128669 requirements taking care of families is
+bD-EyMB13oE-00507-00128670-00128981 first and foremost our mission
+bD-EyMB13oE-00508-00128982-00129166 um the Secretary of Defense and our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00509-00129167-00129454 secretary of the Army have entrusted us
+bD-EyMB13oE-00510-00129455-00129749 to ensure that you know from our from
+bD-EyMB13oE-00511-00129750-00129923 our standpoint that we take care of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00512-00129924-00130289 Children and Youth and have as as
+bD-EyMB13oE-00513-00130290-00130493 immediate access to these services and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00514-00130494-00130727 programs as we can possibly provide in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00515-00130728-00131159 the environment that we're in right now
+bD-EyMB13oE-00516-00131160-00131489 awesome so you stay pretty busy for sure
+bD-EyMB13oE-00517-00131490-00131825 we do stay pretty busy right
+bD-EyMB13oE-00518-00131826-00132052 no we love that and we appreciate you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00519-00132053-00132257 sharing that and so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00520-00132258-00132419 um to kind of piggyback on that so what
+bD-EyMB13oE-00521-00132420-00132604 are some of the pivotal moments in your
+bD-EyMB13oE-00522-00132605-00132995 career as well as what drives you to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00523-00132996-00133228 continue to Advocate and plan for child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00524-00133229-00133752 Youth and school services today
+bD-EyMB13oE-00525-00133753-00133990 pivotal moments again I'm going to go
+bD-EyMB13oE-00526-00133991-00134147 back to I have to go back to Nuremberg
+bD-EyMB13oE-00527-00134148-00134321 and I hate to you know continue to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00528-00134322-00134621 repeat that but um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00529-00134622-00134675 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00530-00134676-00135040 that moment in time like I said just
+bD-EyMB13oE-00531-00135041-00135419 make just made it clear to me how
+bD-EyMB13oE-00532-00135420-00135677 important these services and programs
+bD-EyMB13oE-00533-00135678-00135964 were for our military families and what
+bD-EyMB13oE-00534-00135965-00136163 drives us to continue to do this because
+bD-EyMB13oE-00535-00136164-00136331 I'm not the only person out there who's
+bD-EyMB13oE-00536-00136332-00136637 been in the field a really long time
+bD-EyMB13oE-00537-00136638-00137009 um what drives you is the first time you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00538-00137010-00137261 really you know you watch a mother and a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00539-00137262-00137531 child or and a soldier and their child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00540-00137532-00137777 you know walk in or out of that military
+bD-EyMB13oE-00541-00137778-00138173 Child Development Center and you see the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00542-00138174-00138407 tremendous responsibility that's placed
+bD-EyMB13oE-00543-00138408-00138659 on you to ensure that these children are
+bD-EyMB13oE-00544-00138660-00138869 safe whether it's coming in and out of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00545-00138870-00139228 the CDC playing baseball on at the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00546-00139229-00139487 baseball field or being at a youth
+bD-EyMB13oE-00547-00139488-00139752 lock-in program overnight
+bD-EyMB13oE-00548-00139753-00140075 you understand the the real importance
+bD-EyMB13oE-00549-00140076-00140339 of the work that you do you see the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00550-00140340-00140527 results of it every day
+bD-EyMB13oE-00551-00140528-00140777 even sitting here from a policy
+bD-EyMB13oE-00552-00140778-00141047 perspective as you write policy and talk
+bD-EyMB13oE-00553-00141048-00141340 about strategies when you actually walk
+bD-EyMB13oE-00554-00141341-00141514 down to it you know out to an
+bD-EyMB13oE-00555-00141515-00141785 installation and you visit it and you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00556-00141786-00142109 you see and you say ah you know my the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00557-00142110-00142283 policy that I wrote there helped that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00558-00142284-00142402 happen
+bD-EyMB13oE-00559-00142403-00142552 um it makes you want to go back and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00560-00142553-00142757 another policy so that you know you can
+bD-EyMB13oE-00561-00142758-00142954 see the results of your of your work
+bD-EyMB13oE-00562-00142955-00143278 instantly and I think that's what keeps
+bD-EyMB13oE-00563-00143279-00143507 me and everybody else that I work with
+bD-EyMB13oE-00564-00143508-00143693 every day
+bD-EyMB13oE-00565-00143694-00143945 um doing the work that they do
+bD-EyMB13oE-00566-00143946-00144137 um I probably sit here and tell you that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00567-00144138-00144364 there are very few people in a child and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00568-00144365-00144599 worth program who work an eight-hour day
+bD-EyMB13oE-00569-00144600-00144893 I work you know none of us work very few
+bD-EyMB13oE-00570-00144894-00145135 of you know very many of them
+bD-EyMB13oE-00571-00145136-00145643 and again I just looking you know seeing
+bD-EyMB13oE-00572-00145644-00145801 the results of your work every day
+bD-EyMB13oE-00573-00145802-00146075 understanding the importance and really
+bD-EyMB13oE-00574-00146076-00146243 understanding that you really do have
+bD-EyMB13oE-00575-00146244-00146489 you do impact the the safety of the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00576-00146490-00146663 nation by making sure that our soldiers
+bD-EyMB13oE-00577-00146664-00146957 children are safe in our care and that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00578-00146958-00147166 they can focus on their mission
+bD-EyMB13oE-00579-00147167-00147227 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00580-00147228-00147659 that keeps us going every day
+bD-EyMB13oE-00581-00147660-00147881 no that sounds like a really fulfilling
+bD-EyMB13oE-00582-00147882-00148049 job and we thank you for all that you do
+bD-EyMB13oE-00583-00148050-00148228 as well to support our military
+bD-EyMB13oE-00584-00148229-00148487 Community as a whole and you did touch a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00585-00148488-00148654 bit on this in the beginning where you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00586-00148655-00148804 mentioned the challenge for military
+bD-EyMB13oE-00587-00148805-00149051 spouses to find a job to find a position
+bD-EyMB13oE-00588-00149052-00149207 whenever you know they're right in the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00589-00149208-00149363 field and in your place you know you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00590-00149364-00149578 were following your husband who um is in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00591-00149579-00149866 civil service but a lot of these wives
+bD-EyMB13oE-00592-00149867-00150143 um husbands partners are following you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00593-00150144-00150359 know their service member and maybe they
+bD-EyMB13oE-00594-00150360-00150533 have like a real estate license or they
+bD-EyMB13oE-00595-00150534-00150689 have a teaching degree or whatever the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00596-00150690-00150863 case might be but they still find it
+bD-EyMB13oE-00597-00150864-00150989 challenging
+bD-EyMB13oE-00598-00150990-00151223 um so what kind of resources I guess
+bD-EyMB13oE-00599-00151224-00151439 um do military spouses have when they
+bD-EyMB13oE-00600-00151440-00151583 are considering a career in military
+bD-EyMB13oE-00601-00151584-00151799 child care
+bD-EyMB13oE-00602-00151800-00151919 hmm
+bD-EyMB13oE-00603-00151920-00152069 you know we
+bD-EyMB13oE-00604-00152070-00152302 I'm a perfect example of how you can
+bD-EyMB13oE-00605-00152303-00152525 have a career in military child care for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00606-00152526-00152711 a very long time
+bD-EyMB13oE-00607-00152712-00153043 um and I you know I
+bD-EyMB13oE-00608-00153044-00153335 capability to take advantage of of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00609-00153336-00153569 several of the moves that we had in our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00610-00153570-00153802 in our careers and my husband and I have
+bD-EyMB13oE-00611-00153803-00154109 moved eight times in the 38 years which
+bD-EyMB13oE-00612-00154110-00154354 is not even close probably to what a a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00613-00154355-00154547 military spouse might move but I do
+bD-EyMB13oE-00614-00154548-00154811 understand what that means
+bD-EyMB13oE-00615-00154812-00155075 um but everywhere I went
+bD-EyMB13oE-00616-00155076-00155404 I had a job and you know could apply for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00617-00155405-00155699 a job and there were really available
+bD-EyMB13oE-00618-00155700-00155975 for me in the child care Arena whether
+bD-EyMB13oE-00619-00155976-00156149 it was in child youth or in the school
+bD-EyMB13oE-00620-00156150-00156526 program area and to military spouses I
+bD-EyMB13oE-00621-00156527-00156754 would say that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00622-00156755-00157001 there will always be a job no matter
+bD-EyMB13oE-00623-00157002-00157211 where you're stationed
+bD-EyMB13oE-00624-00157212-00157409 um we have vacancies at every
+bD-EyMB13oE-00625-00157410-00157804 installation around the world we would
+bD-EyMB13oE-00626-00157805-00157990 con we consider
+bD-EyMB13oE-00627-00157991-00158164 um you know military spouses gets first
+bD-EyMB13oE-00628-00158165-00158501 preference to our jobs and like I said
+bD-EyMB13oE-00629-00158502-00158681 it's a career that can move around with
+bD-EyMB13oE-00630-00158682-00158878 you wherever you go because we have
+bD-EyMB13oE-00631-00158879-00159209 child care everywhere that you go so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00632-00159210-00159275 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00633-00159276-00159497 it is hard work
+bD-EyMB13oE-00634-00159498-00159743 um but it is extremely rewarding work
+bD-EyMB13oE-00635-00159744-00160090 and there are opportunities tremendous
+bD-EyMB13oE-00636-00160091-00160325 opportunities for advancement and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00637-00160326-00160625 training and professional development
+bD-EyMB13oE-00638-00160626-00160864 um if you're a staff member now um your
+bD-EyMB13oE-00639-00160865-00161152 your child care fees are reduced
+bD-EyMB13oE-00640-00161153-00161573 um and and a lot of other initiatives to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00641-00161574-00161866 encourage you um from Recruitment and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00642-00161867-00162197 Retention bonuses like I said to a lot
+bD-EyMB13oE-00643-00162198-00162335 of additional training and professional
+bD-EyMB13oE-00644-00162336-00162539 development that will help you not only
+bD-EyMB13oE-00645-00162540-00162743 in a child care career but whatever any
+bD-EyMB13oE-00646-00162744-00162995 other career that you might want to go
+bD-EyMB13oE-00647-00162996-00163204 into so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00648-00163205-00163421 no that's great oh and look please don't
+bD-EyMB13oE-00649-00163422-00163601 let me forget don't let me forget the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00650-00163602-00163757 great opportunity
+bD-EyMB13oE-00651-00163758-00163889 um to become a family child care
+bD-EyMB13oE-00652-00163890-00164081 provider you know one of the very
+bD-EyMB13oE-00653-00164082-00164261 important delivery options that you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00654-00164262-00164452 addressed when you talked about the nine
+bD-EyMB13oE-00655-00164453-00164813 programs that I am that I oversee family
+bD-EyMB13oE-00656-00164814-00165023 child care is really an important part
+bD-EyMB13oE-00657-00165024-00165328 of our delivery options especially for a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00658-00165329-00165604 single or dual military soldiers who
+bD-EyMB13oE-00659-00165605-00165971 have a lot of extended hours work who
+bD-EyMB13oE-00660-00165972-00166283 are deployed who you know have TDY for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00661-00166284-00166402 training
+bD-EyMB13oE-00662-00166403-00166666 um it's difficult to manage those
+bD-EyMB13oE-00663-00166667-00166919 extended hours or evenings or overnights
+bD-EyMB13oE-00664-00166920-00167351 in in Child Development Centers and um a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00665-00167352-00167537 more appropriate setting is a more
+bD-EyMB13oE-00666-00167538-00167711 home-like setting for children who you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00667-00167712-00167921 know who have to have that separation
+bD-EyMB13oE-00668-00167922-00168233 for their from their parents and and you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00669-00168234-00168383 know I I talked about the fact that in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00670-00168384-00168725 Nuremberg I had 275 family child care
+bD-EyMB13oE-00671-00168726-00169013 homes just in one Community
+bD-EyMB13oE-00672-00169014-00169193 um at this point in time we don't even
+bD-EyMB13oE-00673-00169194-00169535 have 275 family child care homes across
+bD-EyMB13oE-00674-00169536-00169751 the entire Army and there are a lot of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00675-00169752-00169901 reasons for that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00676-00169902-00170273 um you know there's you know tremendous
+bD-EyMB13oE-00677-00170274-00170543 um stress put on families these days and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00678-00170544-00170728 you know to give up your home to run a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00679-00170729-00170914 business in it with you know real life
+bD-EyMB13oE-00680-00170915-00171101 children running around you know is
+bD-EyMB13oE-00681-00171102-00171389 probably a pretty hefty sacrifice
+bD-EyMB13oE-00682-00171390-00171604 um but we're working to try and make
+bD-EyMB13oE-00683-00171605-00171707 that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00684-00171708-00172121 um a more reasonable job for you for our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00685-00172122-00172428 family members we've just instituted
+bD-EyMB13oE-00686-00172429-00172799 initiatives that provide you a fee
+bD-EyMB13oE-00687-00172800-00173243 assistance subsidy so um an entry-level
+bD-EyMB13oE-00688-00173244-00173513 family child care provider you know can
+bD-EyMB13oE-00689-00173514-00173854 you know increase their salary almost by
+bD-EyMB13oE-00690-00173855-00173933 half
+bD-EyMB13oE-00691-00173934-00174166 um increase it by half right double
+bD-EyMB13oE-00692-00174167-00174328 their salary
+bD-EyMB13oE-00693-00174329-00174521 um you know in this new Initiative
+bD-EyMB13oE-00694-00174522-00174695 Program so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00695-00174696-00174845 um I would really encourage you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00696-00174846-00175007 spouses
+bD-EyMB13oE-00697-00175008-00175235 um who maybe have young children who are
+bD-EyMB13oE-00698-00175236-00175414 young who don't have a lot of background
+bD-EyMB13oE-00699-00175415-00175637 yet you know it's a great way to build a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00700-00175638-00175861 resume to learn how to run a business
+bD-EyMB13oE-00701-00175862-00176176 and a great opportunity again you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00702-00176177-00176723 to serve families and and children so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00703-00176724-00176969 awesome and um we did mention this
+bD-EyMB13oE-00704-00176970-00177238 earlier in the show as well April is the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00705-00177239-00177478 month of the military child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00706-00177479-00177713 um so and a lot of great things happen
+bD-EyMB13oE-00707-00177714-00177928 this month and I actually can't believe
+bD-EyMB13oE-00708-00177929-00178145 we're already here 2023 just seems
+bD-EyMB13oE-00709-00178146-00178426 really crazy
+bD-EyMB13oE-00710-00178427-00178631 um so can you tell us about some of the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00711-00178632-00179014 momc events that stand out to you and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00712-00179015-00179171 what families and children can look
+bD-EyMB13oE-00713-00179172-00179404 forward to this month and what um and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00714-00179405-00179573 what can army leaders do to support
+bD-EyMB13oE-00715-00179574-00179802 these efforts okay
+bD-EyMB13oE-00716-00179803-00180197 sure um I'd love to tell you about two
+bD-EyMB13oE-00717-00180198-00180454 awesome month of the military child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00718-00180455-00180778 activities that I have in my past
+bD-EyMB13oE-00719-00180779-00181001 um again I'm back in Nuremberg Germany
+bD-EyMB13oE-00720-00181002-00181301 but it was a great place to be so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00721-00181302-00181528 um one year
+bD-EyMB13oE-00722-00181529-00181726 um in the city of Nuremberg
+bD-EyMB13oE-00723-00181727-00182009 um they hosted the international Toy
+bD-EyMB13oE-00724-00182010-00182314 Fair all right it was you know a huge
+bD-EyMB13oE-00725-00182315-00182525 building filled with every kind of toy
+bD-EyMB13oE-00726-00182526-00182890 you can imagine and at the the end of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00727-00182891-00183125 that International toy fair just
+bD-EyMB13oE-00728-00183126-00183304 happened to be the beginning of month of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00729-00183305-00183683 the military child and through some
+bD-EyMB13oE-00730-00183684-00184001 great Partnerships with some
+bD-EyMB13oE-00731-00184002-00184271 organizations in Germany
+bD-EyMB13oE-00732-00184272-00184528 um the international the association of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00733-00184529-00184864 that International Toy Fair gave us in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00734-00184865-00185093 Nuremberg all of the toys that were left
+bD-EyMB13oE-00735-00185094-00185464 over from the displays from all the toy
+bD-EyMB13oE-00736-00185465-00185801 vendors and we had a warehouse full of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00737-00185802-00186095 Barbie dolls and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00738-00186096-00186347 um the beautiful German stiff stuffed
+bD-EyMB13oE-00739-00186348-00186773 animals and train sets and all the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00740-00186774-00187007 highest quality and we were able to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00741-00187008-00187240 distribute them to our child development
+bD-EyMB13oE-00742-00187241-00187588 family to the children in our care we
+bD-EyMB13oE-00743-00187589-00187816 had our own little mini toy fair where
+bD-EyMB13oE-00744-00187817-00187997 we you know rattled off all of the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00745-00187998-00188237 trades that we were given it was a great
+bD-EyMB13oE-00746-00188238-00188437 month of the military child that year
+bD-EyMB13oE-00747-00188438-00188747 and the next year we used to always like
+bD-EyMB13oE-00748-00188748-00189047 let release balloons in honor a month of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00749-00189048-00189269 the military child and you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00750-00189270-00189413 um you know we decided that that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00751-00189414-00189647 probably was an environmentally safe to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00752-00189648-00189911 have all these balloons out there so in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00753-00189912-00190123 Nuremberg we were able to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00754-00190124-00190354 work with the hot air balloon company
+bD-EyMB13oE-00755-00190355-00190540 and so instead of launching all of our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00756-00190541-00190775 little balloons we actually launched a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00757-00190776-00191021 hot air balloon and our our in our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00758-00191022-00191338 Garrison Commander wrote it up and we
+bD-EyMB13oE-00759-00191339-00191549 celebrated that was our balloon launch
+bD-EyMB13oE-00760-00191550-00191776 for a month of the military child so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00761-00191777-00192083 but typically around the Army
+bD-EyMB13oE-00762-00192084-00192443 um you know you'll see um Book Fairs and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00763-00192444-00192761 you know art displays and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00764-00192762-00193078 um you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00765-00193079-00193331 um sport little sports events and little
+bD-EyMB13oE-00766-00193332-00193511 fests and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00767-00193512-00193763 um commanders reading to children and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00768-00193764-00193937 parents reading to children and you'll
+bD-EyMB13oE-00769-00193938-00194188 see artwork on display every
+bD-EyMB13oE-00770-00194189-00194423 installation out there has its own Flair
+bD-EyMB13oE-00771-00194424-00194638 and its own
+bD-EyMB13oE-00772-00194639-00194866 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00773-00194867-00195088 programs that they put on and you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00774-00195089-00195281 some of them are you know centuries old
+bD-EyMB13oE-00775-00195282-00195437 you know there you do the same thing
+bD-EyMB13oE-00776-00195438-00195611 every year because you know the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00777-00195612-00195749 communities and the children kind of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00778-00195750-00196097 expected from an Army headquarters level
+bD-EyMB13oE-00779-00196098-00196469 um we'll have a month's worth of tweets
+bD-EyMB13oE-00780-00196470-00196649 um about fun things that you can do with
+bD-EyMB13oE-00781-00196650-00196835 your child all through the month of the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00782-00196836-00196978 military child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00783-00196979-00197266 um we'll be sharing some artwork and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00784-00197267-00197537 encouraging everybody to remember that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00785-00197538-00197801 um to purple up for military kids all
+bD-EyMB13oE-00786-00197802-00197975 through the month but particularly on on
+bD-EyMB13oE-00787-00197976-00198323 April 3rd so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00788-00198324-00198628 you can find a lot of those
+bD-EyMB13oE-00789-00198629-00198835 unsures on
+bD-EyMB13oE-00790-00198836-00199026 armamwr.com
+bD-EyMB13oE-00791-00199027-00199366 slash child and youth you'll be able to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00792-00199367-00199576 find some activities there and you can
+bD-EyMB13oE-00793-00199577-00199900 go to Every installation website and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00794-00199901-00200219 there will always be you know a link for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00795-00200220-00200375 the activities on that individual
+bD-EyMB13oE-00796-00200376-00200578 installation per month of the military
+bD-EyMB13oE-00797-00200579-00200819 child so I see you're showing some of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00798-00200820-00201245 that in the background
+bD-EyMB13oE-00799-00201246-00201425 yeah it's not perfect definitely head
+bD-EyMB13oE-00800-00201426-00201628 over to the website and learn more and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00801-00201629-00201821 get your military child involved and all
+bD-EyMB13oE-00802-00201822-00202013 the great things that the Army CYS is
+bD-EyMB13oE-00803-00202014-00202235 doing speaking of all the great things
+bD-EyMB13oE-00804-00202236-00202487 Helen you plan to retire soon so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00805-00202488-00202819 retirement is on the horizon for you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00806-00202820-00203297 yes it is yeah no Bittersweet I'm sure
+bD-EyMB13oE-00807-00203298-00203578 but out of all of the advice that you've
+bD-EyMB13oE-00808-00203579-00203800 kind of learned from your mentors and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00809-00203801-00204052 the experiences you have what is the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00810-00204053-00204250 best advice you can give to the up and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00811-00204251-00204449 coming leaders in child and youth
+bD-EyMB13oE-00812-00204450-00204761 services
+bD-EyMB13oE-00813-00204762-00204923 well the first thing I would tell them
+bD-EyMB13oE-00814-00204923-00205175 is to invest in their professional
+bD-EyMB13oE-00815-00205176-00205348 development
+bD-EyMB13oE-00816-00205350-00205810 um it is very important to not
+bD-EyMB13oE-00817-00205811-00206086 um sit at your desk and you know say
+bD-EyMB13oE-00818-00206087-00206369 that I can't leave because because my
+bD-EyMB13oE-00819-00206369-00206579 job is too important
+bD-EyMB13oE-00820-00206580-00206831 um I would absolutely positively first
+bD-EyMB13oE-00821-00206832-00206981 thing invest in your own professional
+bD-EyMB13oE-00822-00206982-00207088 development
+bD-EyMB13oE-00823-00207089-00207407 the second thing I would say is to find
+bD-EyMB13oE-00824-00207408-00207521 a mentor
+bD-EyMB13oE-00825-00207521-00207923 and a battle buddy your Mentor will help
+bD-EyMB13oE-00826-00207923-00208031 you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00827-00208032-00208288 um see your vision
+bD-EyMB13oE-00828-00208289-00208516 um plan A Way Forward for you tell you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00829-00208517-00208734 where the opportunities are for growth
+bD-EyMB13oE-00830-00208735-00209008 and your battle buddy will help you on
+bD-EyMB13oE-00831-00209009-00209251 your day-to-day crisis
+bD-EyMB13oE-00832-00209252-00209482 and you know someone that you can talk
+bD-EyMB13oE-00833-00209483-00209723 to and when you're struggling or when
+bD-EyMB13oE-00834-00209723-00209987 things are going really well you need a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00835-00209988-00210263 battle buddy so find a friend I always
+bD-EyMB13oE-00836-00210264-00210484 had a battle buddy in you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00837-00210485-00210760 colleagues around the world I still have
+bD-EyMB13oE-00838-00210761-00211042 those same battle buddies today so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00839-00211044-00211156 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00840-00211157-00211444 uh always have a plan
+bD-EyMB13oE-00841-00211446-00211792 um and if you have a plan then
+bD-EyMB13oE-00842-00211794-00212105 um a crisis is always much easier to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00843-00212106-00212369 deal with and I learned that again in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00844-00212369-00212627 the early years of Desert Storm
+bD-EyMB13oE-00845-00212628-00212867 um if you plan ahead
+bD-EyMB13oE-00846-00212867-00213089 um it's a whole lot easier to execute
+bD-EyMB13oE-00847-00213090-00213239 something that you believe in rather
+bD-EyMB13oE-00848-00213240-00213419 than something that's told to you to do
+bD-EyMB13oE-00849-00213419-00213701 so always have a plan and then always
+bD-EyMB13oE-00850-00213702-00214067 find a way to say yes so many times when
+bD-EyMB13oE-00851-00214067-00214342 families need to be helped we always we
+bD-EyMB13oE-00852-00214344-00214582 use a regulation or a policy as a way to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00853-00214583-00214810 say no and I would just challenge all
+bD-EyMB13oE-00854-00214811-00215027 new leaders to always really read
+bD-EyMB13oE-00855-00215028-00215255 through all of that policy and try and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00856-00215256-00215434 always find us a way to say yes to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00857-00215435-00215644 families and support them in their child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00858-00215646-00215956 Youth and school Services needs so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00859-00215957-00216160 it's been my four biggest pieces of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00860-00216161-00216767 advice to Future Leaders
+bD-EyMB13oE-00861-00216767-00217103 so the Army has brought back its be all
+bD-EyMB13oE-00862-00217104-00217331 you can be campaign focusing on
+bD-EyMB13oE-00863-00217332-00217492 opportunity
+bD-EyMB13oE-00864-00217494-00217739 so in your professional experience how
+bD-EyMB13oE-00865-00217740-00218032 has the army allowed you to be that you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00866-00218033-00218206 can be
+bD-EyMB13oE-00867-00218207-00218446 hmm
+bD-EyMB13oE-00868-00218448-00218656 great question
+bD-EyMB13oE-00869-00218657-00218825 um well the first thing I'm going to go
+bD-EyMB13oE-00870-00218826-00219017 back and talk about that investing in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00871-00219017-00219348 professional development I have had some
+bD-EyMB13oE-00872-00219350-00219658 outstanding opportunities to not only
+bD-EyMB13oE-00873-00219659-00219869 progress through military leadership
+bD-EyMB13oE-00874-00219869-00220231 trainings but also to participate in
+bD-EyMB13oE-00875-00220232-00220456 professional development in the Pro you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00876-00220457-00220669 know in private sector child care
+bD-EyMB13oE-00877-00220669-00221092 so that my my knowledge and skills were
+bD-EyMB13oE-00878-00221094-00221260 always up to date
+bD-EyMB13oE-00879-00221261-00221329 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00880-00221330-00221603 that certainly one allowed me to be all
+bD-EyMB13oE-00881-00221604-00221746 that I could be
+bD-EyMB13oE-00882-00221748-00221921 um the second thing that allowed me to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00883-00221921-00222227 be all I could be is just again the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00884-00222228-00222455 great support from my mentors over the
+bD-EyMB13oE-00885-00222456-00222575 years
+bD-EyMB13oE-00886-00222576-00222905 um who always had advice and always
+bD-EyMB13oE-00887-00222906-00223042 could point me in the right direction
+bD-EyMB13oE-00888-00223044-00223408 and to make the right decisions
+bD-EyMB13oE-00889-00223409-00223558 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00890-00223559-00223882 and to be all you can be why again it
+bD-EyMB13oE-00891-00223883-00224051 was that it's that great connection
+bD-EyMB13oE-00892-00224052-00224351 between knowing what you're doing makes
+bD-EyMB13oE-00893-00224352-00224467 a difference
+bD-EyMB13oE-00894-00224467-00224813 and so you kind of carry that through a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00895-00224814-00224992 lot of other decision that that you make
+bD-EyMB13oE-00896-00224994-00225131 in your life
+bD-EyMB13oE-00897-00225132-00225358 um you know what's the what in all of
+bD-EyMB13oE-00898-00225359-00225581 that you do and to be able you can be
+bD-EyMB13oE-00899-00225582-00225731 you need to know what the what is as
+bD-EyMB13oE-00900-00225732-00225905 well so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00901-00225906-00226198 um I'm excited to see that come back I
+bD-EyMB13oE-00902-00226200-00226342 thought it was a great slogan to begin
+bD-EyMB13oE-00903-00226344-00226451 with
+bD-EyMB13oE-00904-00226452-00226517 um
+bD-EyMB13oE-00905-00226517-00226739 I've watched the commercials on
+bD-EyMB13oE-00906-00226740-00226942 television right now and there is one
+bD-EyMB13oE-00907-00226944-00227189 where the commercial kind of ends with a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00908-00227190-00227441 bunch of young recruits headed off to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00909-00227442-00227656 their mob Dev station you know they're
+bD-EyMB13oE-00910-00227657-00227819 they're brand new and headed in that way
+bD-EyMB13oE-00911-00227819-00227998 and they focus in on the young man
+bD-EyMB13oE-00912-00228000-00228196 looking out the window what you know
+bD-EyMB13oE-00913-00228198-00228467 what's what's up out there for me and I
+bD-EyMB13oE-00914-00228467-00228605 kind of felt that way on my way to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00915-00228606-00228863 Germany for the very first time
+bD-EyMB13oE-00916-00228864-00229127 um but the opportunity to be all you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00917-00229128-00229342 could be is there for us every single
+bD-EyMB13oE-00918-00229344-00229655 day in what we do because what we be for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00919-00229656-00229829 are all those little children out there
+bD-EyMB13oE-00920-00229830-00230182 so yeah
+bD-EyMB13oE-00921-00230183-00230410 oh that's great Helen it's been such a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00922-00230411-00230542 pleasure speaking with you today and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00923-00230544-00230753 learning more about your career and your
+bD-EyMB13oE-00924-00230754-00230879 background but also the child care
+bD-EyMB13oE-00925-00230880-00231071 programming offer to military families
+bD-EyMB13oE-00926-00231071-00231287 so before we go can you let our viewers
+bD-EyMB13oE-00927-00231288-00231455 know where they can find more
+bD-EyMB13oE-00928-00231456-00231773 information on the Army CYS
+bD-EyMB13oE-00929-00231773-00231917 sure
+bD-EyMB13oE-00930-00231917-00232096 um again one of the best sites to go to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00931-00232098-00232319 right now to find out information about
+bD-EyMB13oE-00932-00232319-00232625 the programs on our installations and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00933-00232626-00232775 the capabilities that are on our
+bD-EyMB13oE-00934-00232776-00232992 installations again is to go to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00935-00232994-00233308 armamwr.com slash
+bD-EyMB13oE-00936-00233309-00233494 um there's a big long one but it's just
+bD-EyMB13oE-00937-00233496-00233710 child and youth services so from that
+bD-EyMB13oE-00938-00233711-00233939 Army MWR webpage you'll find that child
+bD-EyMB13oE-00939-00233940-00234263 and youth services section on there and
+bD-EyMB13oE-00940-00234264-00234377 it will provide you all the information
+bD-EyMB13oE-00941-00234378-00234544 that you need to know first about
+bD-EyMB13oE-00942-00234546-00234784 careers and secondly about how to have
+bD-EyMB13oE-00943-00234785-00235027 your children involved in the program
+bD-EyMB13oE-00944-00235028-00235360 also a website that you may not see up
+bD-EyMB13oE-00945-00235361-00235471 there is
+bD-EyMB13oE-00946-00235471-00235651 militarychildcare.com
+bD-EyMB13oE-00947-00235652-00236039 it's the website that families use to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00948-00236040-00236506 gain to request care in our programs so
+bD-EyMB13oE-00949-00236507-00236617 again it's
+bD-EyMB13oE-00950-00236617-00236842 militarychildcare.com not too difficult
+bD-EyMB13oE-00951-00236844-00237071 to remember and so you'll find out
+bD-EyMB13oE-00952-00237071-00237317 information about programs you'll also
+bD-EyMB13oE-00953-00237317-00237473 find out information about job
+bD-EyMB13oE-00954-00237473-00237737 opportunities and you'll you'll see a
+bD-EyMB13oE-00955-00237738-00237934 lot of info Nation about you know how
+bD-EyMB13oE-00956-00237935-00238096 and why the programs are run the way
+bD-EyMB13oE-00957-00238098-00238246 they are
+bD-EyMB13oE-00958-00238248-00238606 um and Military One Source dot mil is
+bD-EyMB13oE-00959-00238607-00238829 also a great opportunity to find out
+bD-EyMB13oE-00960-00238830-00238984 information not only about child care
+bD-EyMB13oE-00961-00238985-00239219 but any other information you may need
+bD-EyMB13oE-00962-00239219-00239429 as a military spouse or military members
+bD-EyMB13oE-00963-00239430-00239723 about the services that are available to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00964-00239723-00240005 you and your families
+bD-EyMB13oE-00965-00240006-00240239 awesome thank you so much Helen and for
+bD-EyMB13oE-00966-00240240-00240431 our chief chat viewers this episode is
+bD-EyMB13oE-00967-00240432-00240634 available on YouTube for future viewing
+bD-EyMB13oE-00968-00240635-00240839 if you're looking for ways to celebrate
+bD-EyMB13oE-00969-00240840-00241103 your military child The Exchange is
+bD-EyMB13oE-00970-00241104-00241319 saluting America's youngest Heroes
+bD-EyMB13oE-00971-00241319-00241548 throughout the month of April visit
+bD-EyMB13oE-00972-00241550-00241846 shopmyexchange.com momc for more
+bD-EyMB13oE-00973-00241848-00242077 information on free events sweepstakes
+bD-EyMB13oE-00974-00242078-00242596 and so much more
+bD-EyMB13oE-00975-00242598-00242825 also be sure to join us back here at
+bD-EyMB13oE-00976-00242826-00243089 11AM Central on March 30th when actress
+bD-EyMB13oE-00977-00243090-00243341 Sophia hasnik joins the chat and then
+bD-EyMB13oE-00978-00243342-00243575 join us again at 11AM Central on April
+bD-EyMB13oE-00979-00243576-00243767 18th when we welcome Lieutenant General
+bD-EyMB13oE-00980-00243767-00243977 Kevin Vereen and sergeant major Michael
+bD-EyMB13oE-00981-00243978-00244246 Perry to the chat ahead of PCS season to
+bD-EyMB13oE-00982-00244248-00244487 give us some tips in that Arena and then
+bD-EyMB13oE-00983-00244488-00244703 again mark your calendars for 11 A.M
+bD-EyMB13oE-00984-00244704-00244937 Central on Thursday June 1st when
+bD-EyMB13oE-00985-00244938-00245141 retired special forces that are in Scott
+bD-EyMB13oE-00986-00245142-00245705 Neil joins the chat
+bD-EyMB13oE-00987-00245706-00245915 so Helen thanks so much for joining us
+bD-EyMB13oE-00988-00245916-00246208 today having you with us means so much
+bD-EyMB13oE-00989-00246209-00246527 the military community
+bD-EyMB13oE-00990-00246528-00246694 yeah and we wish you all the best thank
+bD-EyMB13oE-00991-00246696-00246869 you so much I appreciate the opportunity
+bD-EyMB13oE-00992-00246869-00247103 today thanks absolutely and Helen we
+bD-EyMB13oE-00993-00247104-00247289 just ask um if you could just hang on
+bD-EyMB13oE-00994-00247290-00247529 after this live so we can say our formal
+bD-EyMB13oE-00995-00247530-00247696 goodbyes to you
+bD-EyMB13oE-00996-00247698-00248051 um but uh I just Kiana will do chief
+bD-EyMB13oE-00997-00248052-00248296 chats little goodbye since he's not here
+bD-EyMB13oE-00998-00248298-00248513 so we'll see if we can do it his chief
+bD-EyMB13oE-00999-00248514-00248671 oh yeah
+bD-EyMB13oE-01000-00248671-00248867 I agree
+bD-EyMB13oE-01001-00248867-00249060 okay
+bD-EyMB13oE-01002-00249061-00249609 one two three
+bD-EyMB13oE-01003-00249610-00250015 [Laughter]
+bD-EyMB13oE-01004-00250016-00250988 [Music]
+bEn-d3RprIk-00000-00000061-00000311 ever wonder how you can afford just
+bEn-d3RprIk-00001-00000312-00000542 about anything you could dream of well
+bEn-d3RprIk-00002-00000543-00000715 in today's video I'm going to share with
+bEn-d3RprIk-00003-00000716-00000974 you just how to do it
+bEn-d3RprIk-00004-00000975-00001272 hi everyone my name is Mara throw-ins if
+bEn-d3RprIk-00005-00001273-00001425 you're new here I'm a certified
+bEn-d3RprIk-00006-00001426-00001692 financial planner a busy mom a budget
+bEn-d3RprIk-00007-00001693-00002004 strategist a wife a business owner and I
+bEn-d3RprIk-00008-00002005-00002235 love helping families learn how to break
+bEn-d3RprIk-00009-00002236-00002345 through the paycheck-to-paycheck
+bEn-d3RprIk-00010-00002346-00002615 mentality start paying down their debt
+bEn-d3RprIk-00011-00002616-00002778 and live in a life they've always
+bEn-d3RprIk-00012-00002779-00002951 dreamed and in this video I want to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00013-00002952-00003110 share with you how you can afford just
+bEn-d3RprIk-00014-00003111-00003417 about anything you want by using a key
+bEn-d3RprIk-00015-00003418-00003704 point of your monthly budget and that is
+bEn-d3RprIk-00016-00003705-00003933 your sinking funds I'm also going to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00017-00003934-00004083 share with you at the end of this video
+bEn-d3RprIk-00018-00004084-00004275 how you can grab my sinking funds
+bEn-d3RprIk-00019-00004276-00004518 checklist and guide which will take the
+bEn-d3RprIk-00020-00004519-00004731 steps from this video and give you a
+bEn-d3RprIk-00021-00004732-00004893 little bit more detail and I'm also
+bEn-d3RprIk-00022-00004894-00005097 gonna give you one of my trackers so
+bEn-d3RprIk-00023-00005098-00005280 that way you don't have to reinvent the
+bEn-d3RprIk-00024-00005281-00005433 wheel to get started
+bEn-d3RprIk-00025-00005434-00005721 so let's jump into the first step of
+bEn-d3RprIk-00026-00005722-00005944 your sinking fund
+bEn-d3RprIk-00027-00005945-00006229 this step is the probably one of the
+bEn-d3RprIk-00028-00006230-00006468 most important because I want you to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00029-00006469-00006802 really think of everything that you need
+bEn-d3RprIk-00030-00006803-00007018 and want to save for and what's great
+bEn-d3RprIk-00031-00007019-00007245 about a sinking fund and are just
+bEn-d3RprIk-00032-00007247-00007417 savings if you want to call it that or
+bEn-d3RprIk-00033-00007418-00007870 slush fund is it can help you save for
+bEn-d3RprIk-00034-00007870-00008158 every future bill that you have so I
+bEn-d3RprIk-00035-00008159-00008386 tend to use a sinking fund for any bill
+bEn-d3RprIk-00036-00008387-00008575 that is not monthly so it could be
+bEn-d3RprIk-00037-00008576-00008812 something that I pay once a year twice a
+bEn-d3RprIk-00038-00008813-00009013 year or maybe even on a quarterly basis
+bEn-d3RprIk-00039-00009014-00009241 so those are my three guidelines for
+bEn-d3RprIk-00040-00009242-00009448 those type of bills it could be your
+bEn-d3RprIk-00041-00009449-00009667 property taxes that are due once a year
+bEn-d3RprIk-00042-00009668-00009964 maybe your homeowners insurance may be
+bEn-d3RprIk-00043-00009965-00010219 your vehicle registration or perhaps
+bEn-d3RprIk-00044-00010220-00010423 maybe even a gym membership that you pay
+bEn-d3RprIk-00045-00010424-00010699 you know once a year or twice a year or
+bEn-d3RprIk-00046-00010700-00010768 something like that
+bEn-d3RprIk-00047-00010769-00010981 so I want you to sit down with a piece
+bEn-d3RprIk-00048-00010982-00011158 of paper and a pencil and write down
+bEn-d3RprIk-00049-00011159-00011455 every bill that you have that only comes
+bEn-d3RprIk-00050-00011456-00011760 once a year twice a year or quarterly
+bEn-d3RprIk-00051-00011761-00012016 maybe even every other month something
+bEn-d3RprIk-00052-00012017-00012277 that you're not paying each month to I
+bEn-d3RprIk-00053-00012278-00012460 want you to write down what it is and
+bEn-d3RprIk-00054-00012461-00012655 how much you need to put towards that
+bEn-d3RprIk-00055-00012656-00012885 bill the next part of this step that I
+bEn-d3RprIk-00056-00012886-00013057 want you to do is I want you to write
+bEn-d3RprIk-00057-00013058-00013372 down everything that is what I call
+bEn-d3RprIk-00058-00013372-00013647 preventative care so car maintenance
+bEn-d3RprIk-00059-00013647-00013825 home repairs
+bEn-d3RprIk-00060-00013826-00014221 maybe doctor and medical costs so the
+bEn-d3RprIk-00061-00014222-00014485 easiest way to do this is to take a look
+bEn-d3RprIk-00062-00014486-00014716 at what you spent last year look through
+bEn-d3RprIk-00063-00014716-00014899 old bank statements credit card
+bEn-d3RprIk-00064-00014900-00015136 statements or call the doctor and just
+bEn-d3RprIk-00065-00015137-00015372 ask them for a printout of what you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00066-00015374-00015594 spent last year for all your family and
+bEn-d3RprIk-00067-00015594-00015859 just add up how much you spent between
+bEn-d3RprIk-00068-00015860-00016162 co-pays you know prescriptions any
+bEn-d3RprIk-00069-00016163-00016372 doctor visits anything like that and
+bEn-d3RprIk-00070-00016372-00016633 then that will be your new monthly goal
+bEn-d3RprIk-00071-00016634-00016918 that you should be setting aside so for
+bEn-d3RprIk-00072-00016919-00017329 instance if you spent six hundred
+bEn-d3RprIk-00073-00017330-00017572 dollars last year between co-pays and
+bEn-d3RprIk-00074-00017573-00017854 prescriptions for your whole family then
+bEn-d3RprIk-00075-00017855-00018064 you need to be setting aside about $50 a
+bEn-d3RprIk-00076-00018065-00018337 month to help cover that so some months
+bEn-d3RprIk-00077-00018338-00018517 you may have no expenses other months
+bEn-d3RprIk-00078-00018518-00018655 you may have to have gone to the doctor
+bEn-d3RprIk-00079-00018656-00018847 four times with your little one it
+bEn-d3RprIk-00080-00018848-00018911 happens
+bEn-d3RprIk-00081-00018912-00019058 and that will help cover those expenses
+bEn-d3RprIk-00082-00019059-00019424 and help release any relieve any stress
+bEn-d3RprIk-00083-00019425-00019838 or worry about finances now the fun part
+bEn-d3RprIk-00084-00019839-00020122 of your sinking funds the final part of
+bEn-d3RprIk-00085-00020123-00020378 step one and this is where I want you to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00086-00020379-00020780 dream big I want you to write down every
+bEn-d3RprIk-00087-00020781-00020978 goal that you have when it comes to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00088-00020979-00021344 money and goals can be as big as you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00089-00021345-00021575 know paying cash for a house being
+bEn-d3RprIk-00090-00021576-00021658 debt-free
+bEn-d3RprIk-00091-00021659-00021989 traveling to you know different places
+bEn-d3RprIk-00092-00021990-00022271 each year so I need you to think of
+bEn-d3RprIk-00093-00022272-00022361 something big
+bEn-d3RprIk-00094-00022362-00022528 maybe it's you're just trying to save
+bEn-d3RprIk-00095-00022529-00022739 for a trip to Disney World with your
+bEn-d3RprIk-00096-00022740-00023059 kids which is very very expensive maybe
+bEn-d3RprIk-00097-00023060-00023281 you are trying to save a down payment
+bEn-d3RprIk-00098-00023282-00023464 for a house so that you can stop renting
+bEn-d3RprIk-00099-00023465-00023683 and have a home of your own and a yard
+bEn-d3RprIk-00100-00023684-00023933 for your kids to play in so think about
+bEn-d3RprIk-00101-00023934-00024136 what it is that you are trying to save
+bEn-d3RprIk-00102-00024137-00024350 for and on each of these you need to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00103-00024351-00024542 write down what it is and how much you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00104-00024543-00024712 need
+bEn-d3RprIk-00105-00024713-00025078 step two is where you need to decide how
+bEn-d3RprIk-00106-00025079-00025288 much you need to be putting aside each
+bEn-d3RprIk-00107-00025289-00025644 month to reach these goals so go back
+bEn-d3RprIk-00108-00025645-00025902 look through step one and say okay well
+bEn-d3RprIk-00109-00025904-00026212 property taxes are due in December it is
+bEn-d3RprIk-00110-00026213-00026533 August I have five months to reach that
+bEn-d3RprIk-00111-00026533-00026701 August September October November
+bEn-d3RprIk-00112-00026702-00027094 December so I need to take the thousand
+bEn-d3RprIk-00113-00027095-00027339 dollars that's due December 31st divided
+bEn-d3RprIk-00114-00027341-00027622 by five and come up with a new monthly
+bEn-d3RprIk-00115-00027623-00027930 goal that I should be setting aside for
+bEn-d3RprIk-00116-00027931-00028330 so do that on all of the savings that
+bEn-d3RprIk-00117-00028331-00028545 you have from your annual quarterly
+bEn-d3RprIk-00118-00028545-00028933 bills to your preventative bills even to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00119-00028933-00029149 your big goals
+bEn-d3RprIk-00120-00029150-00029470 the third step is that now you have how
+bEn-d3RprIk-00121-00029471-00029629 much you need you have what you're
+bEn-d3RprIk-00122-00029630-00029936 saving for you need something to track
+bEn-d3RprIk-00123-00029937-00030317 it with and I love just having something
+bEn-d3RprIk-00124-00030318-00030554 that is simple to use so I have three
+bEn-d3RprIk-00125-00030555-00030751 options that you can do to track your
+bEn-d3RprIk-00126-00030752-00031082 sinking funds and they'll start off with
+bEn-d3RprIk-00127-00031083-00031240 the hardest one and go to the easiest
+bEn-d3RprIk-00128-00031241-00031586 one so the hardest one in it's very
+bEn-d3RprIk-00129-00031587-00031789 doable it's what we started off doing is
+bEn-d3RprIk-00130-00031790-00032060 by doing it by hand getting a paper
+bEn-d3RprIk-00131-00032061-00032414 tracker and having a column for what the
+bEn-d3RprIk-00132-00032414-00032683 bill is how much it is that you're gonna
+bEn-d3RprIk-00133-00032684-00032951 need to save for when it is due your
+bEn-d3RprIk-00134-00032952-00033185 monthly amount and then a column for
+bEn-d3RprIk-00135-00033186-00033398 each month so that you can put aside and
+bEn-d3RprIk-00136-00033399-00033632 track how much you're actually putting
+bEn-d3RprIk-00137-00033633-00033961 aside each month for that goal so that
+bEn-d3RprIk-00138-00033962-00034061 was a little bit more time-consuming
+bEn-d3RprIk-00139-00034062-00034198 because you're gonna have to keep up
+bEn-d3RprIk-00140-00034199-00034330 with the paper tracker you're gonna have
+bEn-d3RprIk-00141-00034331-00034460 to know where it is and you're gonna
+bEn-d3RprIk-00142-00034461-00034604 have to remember to pull it out and
+bEn-d3RprIk-00143-00034605-00034807 actually update it but it's definitely
+bEn-d3RprIk-00144-00034808-00034930 doable
+bEn-d3RprIk-00145-00034931-00035273 the second tracker option is to do the
+bEn-d3RprIk-00146-00035274-00035521 same thing but put it in Excel or a word
+bEn-d3RprIk-00147-00035522-00035683 document or something that you can save
+bEn-d3RprIk-00148-00035684-00035917 perhaps in Google Drive because we all
+bEn-d3RprIk-00149-00035918-00036104 know how much I'm obsessed with Google
+bEn-d3RprIk-00150-00036105-00036404 Drive and my whole life is on Google so
+bEn-d3RprIk-00151-00036405-00036568 you could do something like that where
+bEn-d3RprIk-00152-00036569-00036761 you do the same columns the same
+bEn-d3RprIk-00153-00036762-00037033 guidelines and you just put that into a
+bEn-d3RprIk-00154-00037034-00037333 Google Drive and my sinking funds
+bEn-d3RprIk-00155-00037334-00037564 checklist that you can download I will
+bEn-d3RprIk-00156-00037565-00037754 link it in the cards I will also put it
+bEn-d3RprIk-00157-00037755-00038101 in the description below it is free I am
+bEn-d3RprIk-00158-00038102-00038368 giving you a paper tracker for you to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00159-00038369-00038680 use so if you need to reference what you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00160-00038681-00038908 should include on your tracker or just
+bEn-d3RprIk-00161-00038909-00039173 want me to do the work for you grab that
+bEn-d3RprIk-00162-00039174-00039433 it is simple is easy and I even go into
+bEn-d3RprIk-00163-00039434-00039682 more details on each of the steps I'm
+bEn-d3RprIk-00164-00039683-00039868 talking about so make sure you grab that
+bEn-d3RprIk-00165-00039869-00040090 again the link is down below but the
+bEn-d3RprIk-00166-00040091-00040390 third tracker option which is by far my
+bEn-d3RprIk-00167-00040391-00040630 favorite because it is the easiest is I
+bEn-d3RprIk-00168-00040631-00040888 have already created the tracker for you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00169-00040889-00041330 I have a sinking funds template and the
+bEn-d3RprIk-00170-00041331-00041623 shop that I will link below for you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00171-00041624-00041863 it automatically adds up how much you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00172-00041864-00042124 should be saving it takes into
+bEn-d3RprIk-00173-00042125-00042304 consideration how many months you have
+bEn-d3RprIk-00174-00042305-00042478 until you reach your goals so that way
+bEn-d3RprIk-00175-00042479-00042664 it automatically tells you how much to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00176-00042665-00042913 put aside each month it automatically
+bEn-d3RprIk-00177-00042914-00043204 adds if you put in money or to take out
+bEn-d3RprIk-00178-00043205-00043444 money or things like that so that is the
+bEn-d3RprIk-00179-00043445-00043624 final option is you can just grab my
+bEn-d3RprIk-00180-00043625-00043915 seeking funds tracker and just let me do
+bEn-d3RprIk-00181-00043916-00044111 the work for you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00182-00044112-00044393 the fourth and final step in your
+bEn-d3RprIk-00183-00044394-00044639 sinking funds again this might be the
+bEn-d3RprIk-00184-00044640-00044972 second most important one I'm the first
+bEn-d3RprIk-00185-00044973-00045164 one being how much you should be putting
+bEn-d3RprIk-00186-00045165-00045425 aside and the second one being when it
+bEn-d3RprIk-00187-00045426-00045719 showed you withdrawal the money a lot of
+bEn-d3RprIk-00188-00045720-00045917 people struggle with this they struggle
+bEn-d3RprIk-00189-00045918-00046100 with giving themselves permission to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00190-00046101-00046304 take out the money that they have put
+bEn-d3RprIk-00191-00046305-00046679 aside and I have two guidelines that I
+bEn-d3RprIk-00192-00046680-00046925 like to stick to one the bill is
+bEn-d3RprIk-00193-00046926-00047399 actually do so meaning my property taxes
+bEn-d3RprIk-00194-00047400-00047621 are do I have the bill in my hands I
+bEn-d3RprIk-00195-00047622-00047831 need to write out the check and mail it
+bEn-d3RprIk-00196-00047832-00048104 to the county collector's office that is
+bEn-d3RprIk-00197-00048105-00048410 prime time to withdraw the money from my
+bEn-d3RprIk-00198-00048411-00048602 sinking funds account and put it into my
+bEn-d3RprIk-00199-00048603-00048860 checking to pay that bill so when the
+bEn-d3RprIk-00200-00048861-00049205 bill is due the second guideline is when
+bEn-d3RprIk-00201-00049206-00049580 I am using that category meaning I have
+bEn-d3RprIk-00202-00049581-00049771 to go get new tires on my car
+bEn-d3RprIk-00203-00049772-00050137 well how much is it gonna be after taxes
+bEn-d3RprIk-00204-00050138-00050324 I take that money from my car
+bEn-d3RprIk-00205-00050325-00050627 maintenance fund put it in my checking
+bEn-d3RprIk-00206-00050628-00050827 so that I can pay the tire guy to put on
+bEn-d3RprIk-00207-00050828-00050977 new tires for my vehicle
+bEn-d3RprIk-00208-00050978-00051271 so really it's when the bill is due or
+bEn-d3RprIk-00209-00051272-00051541 when you are using that category it's
+bEn-d3RprIk-00210-00051542-00051757 pretty black and white but that way you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00211-00051758-00051962 don't get into that gray area if well I
+bEn-d3RprIk-00212-00051963-00052333 don't have enough in my home repair but
+bEn-d3RprIk-00213-00052334-00052523 I really would like to buy new plants
+bEn-d3RprIk-00214-00052524-00052816 for the landscaping I'll just pull it
+bEn-d3RprIk-00215-00052817-00052973 from somewhere else well it doesn't
+bEn-d3RprIk-00216-00052974-00053155 quite work that way because whatever
+bEn-d3RprIk-00217-00053157-00053453 category you're gonna pull it from you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00218-00053454-00053621 might need it you might pull it from
+bEn-d3RprIk-00219-00053622-00053786 your car maintenance account saying well
+bEn-d3RprIk-00220-00053787-00054014 I you know I get my oil change my car's
+bEn-d3RprIk-00221-00054015-00054272 fine and then a week later just by
+bEn-d3RprIk-00222-00054273-00054437 Murphy's Law your car breaks down and
+bEn-d3RprIk-00223-00054438-00054677 you have to get a new alternator or
+bEn-d3RprIk-00224-00054678-00054935 something like that so I really stick to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00225-00054936-00055127 those two guidelines of the bill is do
+bEn-d3RprIk-00226-00055128-00055325 or I'm using it for that specific
+bEn-d3RprIk-00227-00055326-00055555 category otherwise I tried very very
+bEn-d3RprIk-00228-00055557-00055901 hard to not pull from your sinking funds
+bEn-d3RprIk-00229-00055902-00056176 that's the four steps if you want to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00230-00056177-00056366 know how to set up your sinking funds
+bEn-d3RprIk-00231-00056366-00056666 account at the actual bank make sure you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00232-00056666-00056846 grab that guide that I told you about
+bEn-d3RprIk-00233-00056847-00057074 the link is in the description below I'm
+bEn-d3RprIk-00234-00057075-00057244 gonna go into more detail of how you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00235-00057245-00057402 actually need to set
+bEn-d3RprIk-00236-00057403-00057633 your bank account so that way you can
+bEn-d3RprIk-00237-00057634-00058044 fully know where and what and how much
+bEn-d3RprIk-00238-00058045-00058292 money you have for each category comment
+bEn-d3RprIk-00239-00058294-00058515 below let me know what you are excited
+bEn-d3RprIk-00240-00058516-00058785 to put on to your sinking funds list is
+bEn-d3RprIk-00241-00058786-00059004 it something practical like paying off
+bEn-d3RprIk-00242-00059004-00059253 your student loans or are you dreaming
+bEn-d3RprIk-00243-00059254-00059547 big and you want to travel to Europe for
+bEn-d3RprIk-00244-00059548-00059735 a three-week holiday with your family
+bEn-d3RprIk-00245-00059736-00060012 let me know leave a comment tell me what
+bEn-d3RprIk-00246-00060013-00060144 you're most excited about for your
+bEn-d3RprIk-00247-00060145-00060453 sinking fund and I will leave what I'm
+bEn-d3RprIk-00248-00060454-00060639 most excited about down below in the
+bEn-d3RprIk-00249-00060640-00060854 comment as well so that you can see what
+bEn-d3RprIk-00250-00060855-00061047 we are working towards as a family now
+bEn-d3RprIk-00251-00061048-00061292 you know how to set up your sinking fund
+bEn-d3RprIk-00252-00061294-00061608 you now know why it is so important in
+bEn-d3RprIk-00253-00061609-00061803 your budget because it takes the stress
+bEn-d3RprIk-00254-00061804-00062148 out of those bills that come only a few
+bEn-d3RprIk-00255-00062149-00062328 times each year they always seem to
+bEn-d3RprIk-00256-00062329-00062429 catch us off guard
+bEn-d3RprIk-00257-00062430-00062619 now you know how to handle those and
+bEn-d3RprIk-00258-00062620-00062877 become successful with your money if you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00259-00062878-00063075 have any questions about this video and
+bEn-d3RprIk-00260-00063076-00063234 what I'm talking about make sure you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00261-00063235-00063387 leave that down below and I will be
+bEn-d3RprIk-00262-00063388-00063629 happy to answer you do not forget your
+bEn-d3RprIk-00263-00063630-00063873 sinking funds checklist and guide grab
+bEn-d3RprIk-00264-00063874-00064146 that down below as well and if you like
+bEn-d3RprIk-00265-00064147-00064316 this video I encourage you to subscribe
+bEn-d3RprIk-00266-00064317-00064517 and hit that like button so that you
+bEn-d3RprIk-00267-00064519-00064766 don't miss another video from me I post
+bEn-d3RprIk-00268-00064767-00065001 every Wednesday with new budget tips and
+bEn-d3RprIk-00269-00065002-00065366 money hacks for your family
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00000-00000606-00001873 [Music]
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00001-00001873-00002123 welcome back I'm so glad you're here
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00002-00002124-00002359 it's me Miss Greene and we are going to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00003-00002360-00002573 continue the work that we started in our
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00004-00002574-00002830 last lesson I'm so glad you're here
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00005-00002831-00003083 before we get started go ahead and make
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00006-00003084-00003272 sure you have all the materials that you
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00007-00003272-00003622 will need for today's lesson you'll need
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00008-00003623-00003988 either your packet if you have one or
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00009-00003989-00004244 just a piece of paper will do and a pen
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00010-00004245-00004493 or a pencil and you will of course need
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00011-00004494-00004777 a turn and talk partner and your turn
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00012-00004778-00005002 and talk partner can be anyone if you
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00013-00005003-00005213 have someone around that wants to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00014-00005214-00005431 continue doing this work with you that's
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00015-00005432-00005834 great a family member a pet will do just
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00016-00005835-00005888 fine
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00017-00005889-00006188 or go ahead and call up whomever you've
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00018-00006189-00006424 been talking to in your imagination go
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00019-00006425-00006602 ahead and call up Russell Wilson and
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00020-00006603-00006791 continue to talk to him I bet he's
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00021-00006792-00006938 really excited to know what's gonna
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00022-00006939-00007292 happen in the story next so have those
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00023-00007293-00007652 things ready today we are going to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00024-00007653-00008017 continue to read somebody loves you mr.
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00025-00008018-00008507 hatch by Alene Eileen Spinelli I want
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00026-00008508-00008867 you to take a moment and think back what
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00027-00008868-00009356 happened in our story last time what has
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00028-00009357-00010483 happened so far turn to your partner
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00029-00010484-00011317 [Music]
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00030-00011318-00012464 [Music]
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00031-00012465-00012636 you
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00032-00012637-00013032 so so far in the story we met mr. hatch
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00033-00013033-00013388 and mr. hatch who does not smile a lot
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00034-00013390-00013734 and he sticks to his routine he is by
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00035-00013735-00014119 himself most of the time but then
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00036-00014121-00014460 something happens he receives a package
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00037-00014461-00014835 he receives a box of candy and a note
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00038-00014836-00015309 that says somebody loves you and you can
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00039-00015310-00015486 tell he starts to get really excited
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00040-00015487-00015722 about that he can't focus on his
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00041-00015724-00015924 cleaning because he is so excited and he
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00042-00015925-00016212 is so curious about who sent him this
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00043-00016213-00016494 box of chocolates so he decides to go
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00044-00016495-00016755 out into the world he puts on a tie and
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00045-00016756-00017043 he goes out and people are shocked to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00046-00017044-00017375 see him out and that's where we left off
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00047-00017376-00017727 we were also wondering we were wondering
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00048-00017728-00017925 is he going to make friends with the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00049-00017926-00018141 people that he meets while he's out
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00050-00018142-00018501 there so we're gonna continue to think
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00051-00018502-00018774 about that question as well as new
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00052-00018775-00019305 questions that come up as we read so go
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00053-00019306-00019518 ahead and grab your questions from last
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00054-00019519-00019800 time as well as a new stop and ask
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00055-00019801-00020103 questions paper if you have the packet
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00056-00020104-00020250 you'll find another one in there but if
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00057-00020251-00020406 you don't have the packet that's fine
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00058-00020407-00021005 you can just create your own like I did
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00059-00021006-00021267 so today as I read I'll be stopping
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00060-00021268-00021467 several times to ask questions
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00061-00021468-00021690 questioning helps us think deeply about
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00062-00021691-00022161 what we're reading and it helps us be
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00063-00022162-00022322 curious about what's gonna happen next
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00064-00022323-00023121 to mr. hatch
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00065-00023122-00023755 [Applause]
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00066-00023756-00024108 on Monday it was back to work at
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00067-00024109-00024428 lunchtime mr. hatch sat in the middle of
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00068-00024429-00024739 the cafeteria he spoke to everyone and
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00069-00024740-00024953 passed out chocolates from his heart box
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00070-00024954-00025328 on the way home as usual he stopped at
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00071-00025329-00025430 the newsstand
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00072-00025431-00025708 mr. Smith handed him the usual newspaper
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00073-00025710-00025981 I think I'll have a pack of mints said
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00074-00025982-00026405 mr. hatch not as usual mr. Smith was
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00075-00026406-00026698 shocked was that you speaking mr. hatch
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00076-00026699-00027035 indeed it was said mr. hatch I said I
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00077-00027036-00027281 would also like a pack of mints and if
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00078-00027282-00027490 you don't mind me saying so mr. Smith
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00079-00027491-00027733 you don't look very well today
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00080-00027733-00027992 mr. Smith recovered from his shock and
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00081-00027993-00028280 replied you're right I don't feel very
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00082-00028281-00028607 well I have a cold I was supposed to go
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00083-00028608-00028802 to the doctor's this afternoon but the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00084-00028802-00029054 stand has been so busy I haven't had the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00085-00029055-00029474 time mr. hatch smiled why I'd be happy
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00086-00029475-00029704 to watch the stand for you while you go
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00087-00029705-00029987 mr. Smith could hardly believe his ears
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00088-00029988-00030356 you would certainly just show me what to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00089-00030357-00030683 do and so mr. hatch ran the newsstand
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00090-00030683-00030914 for an hour he wondered if any of the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00091-00030914-00031106 women who stopped to buy a paper or a
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00092-00031107-00031436 magazine or a candy bar had sent him the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00093-00031437-00032925 mysterious Valentine
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00094-00032926-00033259 when mr. Smith returned mr. hatch made
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00095-00033260-00033538 his usual stop at the grocery store I'm
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00096-00033539-00033739 a little tired of turkey wings he told
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00097-00033740-00033994 mr. Todd I think I'll have a nice fresh
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00098-00033995-00034339 slice of ham mr. Todd weighed the meat
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00099-00034340-00034576 and wrapped it you look worried
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00100-00034577-00034981 said mr. hatch I am said mr. Todd my
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00101-00034982-00035224 little girl is late she hasn't come home
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00102-00035225-00035446 from school yet and I can't leave the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00103-00035447-00035608 store to look for her until my wife
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00104-00035609-00036313 arrives what questions can you ask about
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00105-00036314-00037038 the story so far stop and jot
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00107-00040461-00040631 you
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00108-00040632-00040980 I'm wondering if mr. hatch is gonna
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00109-00040981-00041274 offer to help mr. Todd the way he
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00110-00041275-00041508 offered to help the man that works at
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00111-00041509-00042954 the newsstand
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00112-00042955-00043284 you look worried said mr. hatch I am
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00113-00043285-00043566 said mr. Tod my little girl is late and
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00114-00043567-00043767 she hasn't come home from school yet and
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00115-00043768-00044001 I can't leave the store to look for her
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00116-00044002-00044286 until my wife arrives goodness why
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00117-00044287-00044571 didn't you say so said mr. hatch I will
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00118-00044572-00044829 go look for her and so he walked to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00119-00044830-00045111 school and found little Melanie Tod by
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00120-00045112-00045366 the swings and brought her home thank
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00121-00045367-00045687 you thank you said the grocer any time
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00122-00045688-00047273 said mr. hatch
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00123-00047274-00047630 after supper mr. hatch did not bother to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00124-00047631-00047879 read the paper he decided to bake
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00125-00047880-00048129 brownies instead it would be nice to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00126-00048130-00048302 have brownies to share the next day with
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00127-00048303-00048476 the people at the shoelace Factory
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00128-00048477-00048810 as he baked the warm chocolate smell of
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00129-00048811-00048965 brownies floated through the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00130-00048966-00049268 neighborhood children gathered round mr.
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00131-00049269-00049623 hatches house sniffing the air well I
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00132-00049624-00049868 suppose the factory can wait said mr.
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00133-00049869-00050120 hatch as he looked out the window and he
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00134-00050121-00050429 brought out two platefuls now what are
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00135-00050430-00050676 brownies without lemonade he said and he
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00136-00050677-00051026 stirred up a nice cold pitcher when the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00137-00051027-00051194 parents came to gather their children
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00138-00051195-00051464 they had some brownies too it turned out
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00139-00051465-00051755 to be a picnic and mr. hatches backyard
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00140-00051756-00052037 he dusted off an old harmonica and
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00141-00052038-00052238 played songs he remembered from his
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00142-00052239-00053965 boyhood everybody danced
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00143-00053966-00054269 what questions can we ask about the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00144-00054270-00054512 story now
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00146-00057951-00058326 I'm wondering if mr. hatch is starting
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00147-00058327-00059127 to make some friends
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00148-00059128-00059509 it turned out to be a picnic in mr.
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00149-00059510-00059761 hatches backyard he dusted off an old
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00150-00059762-00059989 harmonica and played songs he remembered
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00151-00059990-00060480 from his boyhood everyone danced and so
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00152-00060482-00060792 the days and weeks went by when mr.
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00153-00060794-00061041 hatch wasn't smiling he was laughing and
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00154-00061042-00061258 when he wasn't laughing he was helping
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00155-00061259-00061459 someone and when he wasn't helping
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00156-00061460-00061678 someone he was having a party
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00157-00061679-00062071 in his yard or on his porch he seemed to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00158-00062072-00062245 have forgotten about finding the person
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00159-00062246-00062677 who sent him the Valentine then one
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00160-00062678-00062995 afternoon mr. Guber the postman came to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00161-00062996-00063346 his door his face was very serious
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00162-00063347-00063691 come in mr. Guber said mr. hatch you
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00163-00063691-00063790 look upset
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00164-00063791-00064167 I am upset he said I made a mistake some
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00165-00064169-00064474 time ago my supervisor is very angry
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00166-00064475-00064929 with me do you do you
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00167-00064929-00065341 yes mr. Guber what is it do you recall
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00168-00065341-00065565 the package I delivered to you on
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00169-00065566-00065977 Valentine's Day I think it was yes I
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00170-00065978-00066319 believe so replied mr. hatch beginning
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00171-00066320-00067426 to feel a little uneasy
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00172-00067427-00068366 you
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00173-00068367-00068613 what question can you ask about the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00175-00072815-00073118 so I'm wondering and feeling really
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00176-00073119-00073376 nervous about what was the mistake that
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00177-00073377-00073685 mr. Guber made we'll have to read to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00178-00073686-00074210 find out do you recall the package I
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00179-00074211-00074411 delivered to you on Valentine's Day I
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00180-00074412-00074720 think it was yes I believe so
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00181-00074721-00074972 replied mr. hatch beginning to feel a
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00182-00074973-00075362 little uneasy I don't suppose you still
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00183-00075363-00075749 have it said mr. Guber sadly as a matter
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00184-00075750-00076004 of fact said mr. hatch I still have the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00185-00076005-00076298 Box the candy is gone though why do you
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00186-00076299-00076793 ask the postman took a deep breath I'm
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00187-00076794-00076967 afraid I delivered it to the wrong
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00188-00076968-00077354 address it was supposed to go to another
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00189-00077355-00078008 house and that's where we're gonna stop
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00190-00078009-00078401 until next time so I would like you to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00191-00078402-00078623 take a look over your questions that you
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00192-00078624-00078950 wrote today and I'd like you to also
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00193-00078951-00079157 look at the questions that you wrote
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00194-00079158-00079364 last time look over all your questions
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00195-00079365-00079715 so far and put a checkmark next to any
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00196-00079716-00079931 question that you think was answered in
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00197-00079932-00080801 the story today sometimes the answer to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00198-00080802-00081256 a question is given right in the text
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00199-00081257-00081566 sometimes an answer is not given in the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00200-00081567-00081830 text but you can figure it out using
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00201-00081831-00082346 clues from the text so let's look at the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00202-00082347-00083036 questions that I wrote today and I put a
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00203-00083037-00083588 checkmark next to two of them one
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00204-00083589-00083855 question I asked is is mr. hatch
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00205-00083856-00084221 starting to make new friends now that
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00206-00084222-00084521 question wasn't answered directly in the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00207-00084522-00084989 text but I think that I was able to get
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00208-00084990-00085175 some clues that helped me figure out
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00209-00085176-00085622 that yes he is making new friends when I
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00210-00085623-00085841 was reading about him baking brownies
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00211-00085842-00086063 and about how people were coming
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00212-00086064-00086618 to his yard and to his party and he was
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00213-00086619-00086840 serving them brownies and he was serving
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00214-00086841-00087113 them lemonade I think that was a clue
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00215-00087114-00087368 that he's starting to make friends and
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00216-00087369-00087647 then it also said that he was laughing
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00217-00087648-00088085 and helping people and having parties in
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00218-00088086-00088343 his backyard or on his porch all of that
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00219-00088344-00088657 makes me think that he was starting to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00220-00088658-00088882 make friends with his neighbors it
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00221-00088883-00089044 wasn't it didn't come right out and say
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00222-00089045-00089243 in the text that he was making friends
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00223-00089244-00089504 but those clues from the text helped me
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00224-00089505-00089831 figure it out now another question I
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00225-00089832-00090185 asked was what mistake did mr. Guber
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00226-00090186-00090587 make and I found out that the mistake he
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00227-00090588-00090890 made was that that Valentine wasn't for
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00228-00090891-00091171 mr. Guber he delivered it to the wrong
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00229-00091172-00091631 house so that was answered directly in
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00230-00091632-00091882 the text it told me that mr. Guber
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00231-00091883-00092725 brought the Valentine to the wrong house
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00232-00092726-00092987 now I want you to look at the questions
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00233-00092988-00093206 that you marked on your paper with a
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00234-00093207-00093506 check I want you to think about which
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00235-00093507-00093768 one of those questions was answered
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00236-00093769-00094286 directly in the text turn to your
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00237-00094287-00094432 partner
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00239-00097849-00098024 you
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00240-00098025-00098280 which of your questions was answered
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00241-00098281-00098759 indirectly using clues from the text
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00242-00098760-00098979 turned your partner
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00244-00102477-00102705 what have you learned about our
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00245-00102706-00103295 character mr. hatch so far in the story
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00246-00103296-00103521 turn to your partner
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00248-00106947-00107205 what I've learned about mr. hatches at
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00249-00107206-00107466 the beginning of the story he seemed to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00250-00107467-00107711 stick to himself he seemed a little bit
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00251-00107713-00107982 lonely but throughout the story I've
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00252-00107983-00108201 noticed that he's been changing and
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00253-00108202-00108386 that's something that happens a lot in
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00254-00108388-00108582 fiction that's another element of
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00255-00108583-00108807 fiction is that our character can change
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00256-00108808-00109089 over time I've noticed that he's gotten
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00257-00109090-00109449 a lot more friendly and happy because of
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00258-00109450-00109773 this Valentine that mysteriously showed
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00259-00109774-00110070 up on his porch however in the end of
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00260-00110071-00110250 today's reading we found out that it
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00261-00110251-00110580 wasn't meant for him I'm wondering how
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00262-00110581-00110856 he's going to react to that we'll have
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00263-00110857-00111108 to wait and find out next time the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00264-00111108-00111483 suspense is killing me excellent job
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00265-00111483-00111822 today friends I'm really proud of the
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00266-00111823-00111957 work that you're doing in the questions
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00267-00111958-00112041 that you're asking
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00268-00112042-00112283 make sure to put these questions you've
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00269-00112284-00112491 asked so far somewhere safe because you
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00270-00112492-00112830 will need them for our next lesson now
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00271-00112831-00112992 it's time for IDR we're gonna continue
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00272-00112993-00113370 to read fiction today a made-up story
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00273-00113371-00113601 you can read any genre of fiction that
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00274-00113602-00113796 you would like as long as you're reading
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00275-00113797-00114057 a made-up story I'm gonna continue to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00276-00114058-00114426 read about Matilda which I started last
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00277-00114427-00114789 time I learned some things about Matilda
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00278-00114790-00115188 in my reading I was I learned that she
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00279-00115189-00115653 is super smart Matilda learned to read
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00280-00115654-00115863 when she was three and a half years old
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00281-00115864-00116183 she's really smart but I also learned
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00282-00116184-00116451 that her parents are first of all
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00283-00116452-00116640 they're crooks they're always swindling
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00284-00116641-00116936 people and they are not impressed by her
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00285-00116938-00117156 and her brain they actually think that
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00286-00117157-00117369 her brain is really annoying they tell
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00287-00117370-00117610 her to watch more TV and read less books
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00288-00117611-00118077 which I can't imagine so I am wondering
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00289-00118078-00118464 as I continue to read I'm wondering how
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00290-00118465-00118692 they are going to try to make her more
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00291-00118693-00119049 like them and to change her from being
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00292-00119050-00119271 so smart and curious I'm gonna be
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00293-00119272-00119526 reading today to look for the answer to
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00294-00119527-00119883 that question I like you to read and I'd
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00295-00119883-00120198 leave you to stop and ask questions
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00296-00120199-00120434 and then look for the answers to your
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00297-00120435-00120831 questions as you read thank you for
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00298-00120832-00121224 joining me today I'm really happy that
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00299-00121225-00121358 you're here and impressed that you're
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00300-00121359-00121596 choosing to continue this learning from
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00301-00121597-00122065 home and I will see you next time
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00302-00122066-00123533 [Music]
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00303-00123533-00123554 you
+bEH4H3JRzYy-00304-00123555-00123871 [Music]
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00000-00000003-00000167 so I went out one night to a nightclub
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00001-00000168-00000518 and I was with my usual guy friends that
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00002-00000519-00000709 I go hang out with on any typical
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00003-00000710-00000911 weekend to go to just go out meet girls
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00004-00000911-00001187 so I see this beautiful girl across the
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00005-00001188-00001324 room and I just go over and I start
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00006-00001325-00001532 talking to her I thought he was
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00007-00001533-00001730 incredibly confident when he walked up
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00008-00001730-00002117 to me to choose well and he just you
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00009-00002118-00002516 know exude a lot of energy and he's very
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00010-00002517-00002859 very confident he's a great smile
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00011-00002860-00003226 confident you know she's charismatic and
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00012-00003227-00003513 social he he has so many achievements
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00013-00003514-00003854 however five years ago when I met bill
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00014-00003854-00004085 yeah none of those I didn't feel like it
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00015-00004086-00004328 was a matter of when I would be able to
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00016-00004329-00004652 meet a girl like romantically I was
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00017-00004653-00004861 wondering if I would ever meet a girl
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00018-00004862-00005364 romantically like am I gonna die single
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00019-00005365-00005682 I can approach women easily but I find
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00020-00005683-00005874 that it's hard for me to escalate it
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00021-00005875-00006066 welcome to the ABCs of Attraction
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00022-00006067-00006297 bootcamp hey this guy's a nerd just like
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00023-00006298-00006468 me but he figured this out
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00024-00006469-00006834 so if Asian men can no longer earn his
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00025-00006834-00006972 way into a woman's heart through
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00026-00006973-00007209 traditional dating once he did it well
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00027-00007209-00007389 that's where I come in instead of
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00028-00007390-00007631 showering a woman with money
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00029-00007633-00007842 I teach men how to shower her charm
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00030-00007843-00008070 confidence and authenticity
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00031-00008070-00008349 you ready types of girls Oh common
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00032-00008350-00008694 you're cocky you got swag my goal
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00033-00008695-00008919 treatise put cameras I guess to
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00034-00008920-00009201 initially date multiple goals but as
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00035-00009202-00009371 time goes by I think I would just settle
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00036-00009372-00009606 for one go I want consistent results
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00037-00009607-00009840 that I can see what really got me
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00038-00009841-00010026 through it was following the ABCs of
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00039-00010027-00010374 Attraction structure and executing it
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00040-00010375-00010557 the way that we were taught if you are
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00041-00010558-00010749 used to socializing or if you feel that
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00042-00010750-00010929 American society treats you like a
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00043-00010930-00011256 second-class citizen then the act of
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00044-00011257-00011481 meeting someone else editor erase much
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00045-00011482-00011718 less and attractive women can be
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00046-00011719-00011952 terrifying to the extreme there was a
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00047-00011953-00012063 set of four girls
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00048-00012064-00012198 shy just walked up to them and I
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00049-00012199-00012333 approached them I just follow the
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00050-00012334-00012621 framework so whenever I had a brain fart
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00051-00012622-00012789 like I just forgot whatever I was saying
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00052-00012790-00013029 I just kept on with the full program so
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00053-00013030-00013359 I just turned her and I said so how
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00054-00013360-00013641 about some consensual sex and you know
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00055-00013641-00013869 my mind is the worst possible thing
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00056-00013869-00014061 could never say to a girl at that point
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00057-00014062-00014110 in
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00058-00014111-00014506 but she said okay sure where do you live
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00059-00014507-00014713 you don't know where the feature mother
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00060-00014713-00014854 of your child could be she could be at
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00061-00014855-00015091 school she could be at church she got
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00062-00015091-00015274 work she could be walking down the
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00063-00015275-00015430 street she could be at Whole Foods
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00064-00015431-00015666 wherever and you have to be prepared
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00065-00015668-00015865 with what monsieur's learned or my
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00066-00015866-00016108 bootcamp they can meet the future mother
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00067-00016109-00016321 of your child love their life anywhere
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00068-00016322-00016705 at any time that they want the positive
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00069-00016706-00016888 benefits that I've had in my life are
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00070-00016889-00017071 just innumerable I cannot even begin to
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00071-00017072-00017278 describe how awesome my life is now
+bEYbrX0y0o8-00072-00017279-00017719 versus how crappy it was before
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00000-00000440-00000630 mia hadn't realized how much
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00001-00000631-00000878 she missed the mountains the countryside
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00002-00000880-00001095 rolling past her car window was greener
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00003-00001096-00001254 than anything in boston
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00004-00001255-00001478 she loved the moose crossing signs and
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00005-00001479-00001687 the little villages that felt so sleepy
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00006-00001688-00001798 and peaceful
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00007-00001800-00002014 june was in between season in new
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00008-00002016-00002191 england but in another week
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00009-00002192-00002391 the roads would be humming with campers
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00010-00002392-00002550 and fancy cars full of
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00011-00002551-00002750 new york city people who stopped to take
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00012-00002751-00002902 selfies with cows
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00013-00002903-00003110 for now mia loved watching the quiet
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00014-00003111-00003286 landscapes drift by
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00015-00003288-00003486 packing the moving truck the day after
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00016-00003488-00003686 school ended had been a hassle
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00017-00003688-00003886 but she really was glad to be moving
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00018-00003887-00004038 back to vermont
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00019-00004039-00004279 the truth was mia wished they'd never
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00020-00004280-00004486 moved to boston in the first place
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00021-00004487-00004727 she wished she could erase the past two
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00022-00004728-00004806 years
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00023-00004807-00005015 but leaving was the next best thing and
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00024-00005016-00005247 she'd have the whole summer to settle in
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00025-00005248-00005447 the fourth of july was less than a week
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00026-00005448-00005679 away burlington's fireworks were the
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00027-00005680-00005751 night before
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00028-00005752-00005975 independence day and weren't as big as
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00029-00005976-00006070 boston's but
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00030-00006071-00006270 they'd be reflected in lake champlain
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00031-00006271-00006495 which made them twice as sparkly
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00032-00006495-00006695 mia's family could go back to their old
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00033-00006695-00006919 tradition a picnic on the waterfront
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00034-00006920-00007031 with sandwiches
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00035-00007031-00007319 and dad's pyrotechnic brownies with
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00036-00007320-00007495 chocolate frosting and red white and
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00037-00007495-00007614 blue sprinkles
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00038-00007615-00007903 best of all graham would be there summer
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00039-00007904-00008087 fireworks hadn't been the same without
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00040-00008088-00008319 her catching fireflies in a jar
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00041-00008320-00008551 and explaining bioluminescence in the
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00042-00008552-00008719 insect world
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00043-00008720-00009039 you awake back there mia mostly mia
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00044-00009040-00009206 unslouched and straightened her messy
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00045-00009207-00009327 brown ponytail
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00046-00009328-00009495 she'd napped her way through half of
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00047-00009496-00009759 massachusetts and most of new hampshire
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00048-00009760-00010071 good dad said because
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00049-00010072-00010335 he hesitated a few seconds then blurted
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00050-00010336-00010535 i'm in vermont and you're not
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00051-00010536-00010710 he looked at her in the rearview mirror
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00052-00010711-00010935 cracking up as they zoomed past the
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00053-00010936-00011174 welcome to vermont sign
+bHvOLK54aJ4-00054-00011175-00011584 good one dad
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00000-00000192-00000894 here we go
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00001-00000896-00001047 well that's the funniest thing i've seen
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00002-00001048-00001239 for a long time now how many of you
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00003-00001240-00001295 picked this
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00004-00001296-00001614 up watch this andrew strauss
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00005-00001616-00001830 gets picks up the ball as he goes to
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00006-00001832-00002014 throw it he knocks his sunglasses in the
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00007-00002016-00002102 air
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00008-00002103-00002567 and they are demolished i didn't see it
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00009-00002568-00002942 there we go look at this
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00010-00002943-00003543 yeah that's great that's funny
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00011-00003544-00003911 okay what happened yeah i don't know
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00012-00003911-00004047 what's funny though
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00013-00004047-00005154 it's up in the end
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00014-00005155-00006783 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00015-00006784-00007313 excellent delivery
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00016-00007314-00009049 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00017-00009050-00009076 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00018-00009077-00009261 [Laughter]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00019-00009262-00009883 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00020-00009884-00010599 is
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00021-00010600-00010814 he may have heard his teammate coming up
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00022-00010815-00010927 on him and thought he was going to get
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00023-00010928-00011071 it that's why he called for the ball and
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00024-00011072-00011199 i'm assuming you do the same thing
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00025-00011200-00011374 baseball he's caught with the ball and
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00026-00011375-00011527 whoever's the captain of the outfield
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00027-00011528-00011670 calls the person off the ball
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00028-00011671-00011927 which he may have and we'll explain that
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00029-00011928-00013930 in a minute i wanted to catch it
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00030-00013931-00014005 [Music]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00031-00014006-00015309 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00032-00015310-00015483 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00033-00015484-00015791 is occurrence
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00034-00015791-00015983 let me know what happened i know i think
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00035-00015984-00016127 he threw it and it just he threw it at
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00036-00016128-00016238 his team
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00037-00016240-00016463 this was tentative why did it float so
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00038-00016464-00016655 far why did it miss watson
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00039-00016656-00017903 and then what is that yeah
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00040-00017904-00019116 it's well placed again
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00041-00019117-00019471 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00042-00019472-00019807 wow that's embarrassing that's fun
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00043-00019808-00019999 i like that playing your first limited
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00044-00020000-00020191 levels international in australia this
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00045-00020192-00020335 is not quite the way you would
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00046-00020336-00020503 go oh when he said it was his first
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00047-00020504-00020775 episode i got it i don't know
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00048-00020776-00020975 i got it i got it this time i'm gonna
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00049-00020976-00021523 get it
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00050-00021524-00021580 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00051-00021581-00022969 [Music]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00052-00022970-00023654 [Music]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00053-00023655-00023883 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00054-00023884-00024360 um
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00055-00024361-00024742 [Music]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00056-00024743-00024991 ah there you go so he said it was the
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00057-00024992-00025071 keeper's chance
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00058-00025072-00027091 so he should have gotten out of his way
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00059-00027092-00027555 [Laughter]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00060-00027556-00027943 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00061-00027944-00028246 knees and elbows oh started
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00062-00028247-00028479 with his right shoulder blade and then
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00063-00028480-00028614 into the team's gear
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00064-00028616-00028855 that's a horror story he stopped it four
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00065-00028856-00028943 rounds
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00066-00028944-00029135 oh that was where it hit the line for
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00067-00029136-00029367 when it comes to ability in the field
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00068-00029368-00029479 some players are not to be active
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00069-00029480-00029711 outdone fine as well as running away
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00070-00029712-00029935 down towards them
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00071-00029936-00030543 well he just came undone
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00072-00030544-00030774 he's having a nightmare out there this
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00073-00030775-00030855 man has been
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00074-00030856-00031046 drafted into the side to make a
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00075-00031047-00031255 difference thanks for a divorce
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00076-00031256-00031679 congrats man big week ahead
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00077-00031680-00031818 well at least he's trying
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00078-00031819-00033695 [Laughter]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00079-00033696-00033862 well at least he's not tense that's very
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00080-00033863-00034087 relaxed silly flake us are not having a
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00081-00034088-00034190 very good day
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00082-00034191-00035208 gus makai we salute you
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00083-00035209-00035296 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00084-00035297-00036327 [Music]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00085-00036328-00036727 as well can't believe it we'll see that
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00086-00036728-00037039 oh no he lost the stars as well well
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00087-00037040-00038918 worth seeing again
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00088-00038919-00040087 watch out next
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00089-00040088-00040972 give me a third angle
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00090-00040973-00041534 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00091-00041535-00041790 [Music]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00092-00041791-00042230 there is an absolute circus
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00093-00042231-00042439 there's a lot going on what is going on
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00094-00042440-00042590 what does that mean i breath
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00095-00042591-00042758 everyone because you're going to have to
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00096-00042759-00042902 see this in slow motion
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00097-00042903-00043095 i think for sheer entertainment value
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00098-00043096-00043230 anal complaints should be given
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00099-00043231-00043610 not out
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00100-00043611-00044702 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00101-00044703-00044883 he pushed it he pushed it through he had
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00102-00044884-00045262 it you know
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00103-00045263-00045530 he sees the [__] side of it as well
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00104-00045531-00045702 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00105-00045703-00046030 he's trying his guts out with a ball
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00106-00046031-00046190 he's just really gave it a valiant
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00107-00046191-00046343 attempt that was pretty impressive how
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00108-00046344-00046479 he got there to it
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00109-00046480-00046927 his dive was a little bit too early
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00110-00046928-00047230 oh he never got a hand on it it wasn't
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00111-00047231-00047446 that hog
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00112-00047447-00049095 come here
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00113-00049096-00049402 where it shouldn't yep
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00114-00049403-00049743 [Laughter]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00115-00049744-00049879 i guess they don't wear cuffs what was
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00116-00049880-00050023 he doing yourself there let's have a
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00117-00050024-00050135 look at the replay
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00118-00050136-00050471 let's do the shot and when
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00119-00050472-00050927 straight oh came up and rang his belt
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00120-00050928-00051174 somewhere there that hurts i promise you
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00121-00051175-00051287 that really hurts
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00122-00051288-00051501 that scene is certainly not his tummy
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00123-00051502-00051638 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00124-00051639-00051975 that was not his tummy oh just wide of
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00125-00051976-00052102 shortly wicket
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00126-00052103-00053688 in the air for a moment or two
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00127-00053689-00053950 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00128-00053951-00054415 oh no that's happened in a baseball game
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00129-00054416-00054654 a pitcher on the mound throws a fastball
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00130-00054655-00054838 and a bird flies and it just feathers
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00131-00054839-00055150 booming
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00132-00055151-00055359 was that the throne from the field that
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00133-00055360-00055542 hit the pigeon
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00134-00055544-00055807 we need to have a look at this again
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00135-00055808-00055975 rudolph is the man who could have the
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00136-00055976-00056191 pigeons blood on his hands here just
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00137-00056191-00056430 need to check out exactly what happened
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00138-00056432-00056638 i think we can reveal exactly what
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00139-00056639-00056863 happened rudolph did the fielding
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00140-00056864-00057166 he gets the ball in the air
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00141-00057167-00057645 and oh no as much accuracy
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00142-00057646-00058119 [Music]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00143-00058120-00058319 we're waiting for the last ball of this
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00144-00058320-00058503 quite a remarkable match
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00145-00058504-00059058 oh no this one's like yeah
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00146-00059059-00059311 [Music]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00147-00059312-00059630 everything hinges on this the series
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00148-00059632-00059942 is a level at two all oh my
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00149-00059944-00060752 oh here's the last one
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00150-00060753-00061254 [Music]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00151-00061254-00061687 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00152-00061688-00061725 they
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00153-00061726-00062310 [Music]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00154-00062311-00062611 [Applause]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00155-00062612-00062806 [Music]
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00156-00062807-00062982 this is dangerous now for the players in
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00157-00062983-00063223 the middle somebody is snatching that's
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00158-00063224-00063582 awful the police are out there
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00159-00063583-00063838 surrounding steve wall he's being
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00160-00063839-00064047 jostled and pushed
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00161-00064048-00064438 he's in the middle is out there with him
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00162-00064439-00064735 this is absolute chaos it has happened
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00163-00064736-00064782 over
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00164-00064783-00065071 and over and over here in the caribbean
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00165-00065072-00065247 nothing has been done about it
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00166-00065248-00065519 and it's happened here that's awful why
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00167-00065520-00065703 is that one funny
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00168-00065704-00065871 that one isn't funny that one's not
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00169-00065872-00066063 funny uh what's funny about that one
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00170-00066064-00066343 hi you are watching to fun videos in
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00171-00066344-00066631 this channel you can find a lot of fun
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00172-00066632-00066847 like this video if it make you laugh
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00173-00066848-00067071 please write and comment which episode
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00174-00067072-00067231 made and you loved the most
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00175-00067232-00067455 don't forget subscribe watch my other
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00176-00067456-00067703 videos all of my tick tock facebook
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00177-00067704-00067911 instagram and twitter links are the
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00178-00067912-00068023 description
+bIU9YxFAZqg-00179-00068024-00068424 under the video good luck
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00000-00000003-00000245 this video is proudly sponsored by
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00001-00000246-00000563 mcgraw-hill access engineering you ever
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00002-00000564-00000713 find yourself struggling class and you
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00003-00000714-00000923 need just a little bit more help you
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00004-00000924-00001115 need to see worked out solutions you
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00005-00001116-00001385 need to see video solutions in classes
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00006-00001386-00001709 such as statics solids thermo dynamics
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00007-00001710-00001988 material science then access engineering
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00008-00001989-00002300 may be for you so go check out access
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00009-00002301-00002462 engineering link in the description
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00010-00002463-00002666 below and get the help that you need
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00011-00002667-00003836 today now on with the video ok welcome
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00012-00003836-00004045 back we're talking today about trusses
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00013-00004046-00004306 we're talking about the method of joints
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00014-00004307-00004667 okay probably one of my most very
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00015-00004668-00004958 popular videos on all of YouTube here
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00016-00004959-00005188 and I'm going to show you how to solve
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00017-00005189-00005425 truss problems using the method of
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00018-00005426-00005843 joints okay so we have a little simple
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00019-00005844-00006215 truss here and it says find the force in
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00020-00006216-00006448 each member of the truss and state
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00021-00006450-00006646 whether that force is in tension or in
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00022-00006647-00006848 compression so this is the first time
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00023-00006848-00007034 that we're going to be asking you is the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00024-00007034-00007127 member in tension or compression
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00025-00007128-00007370 remember the trust is made completely of
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00026-00007370-00007577 two force members and two force members
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00027-00007578-00007727 either exists in tension or compression
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00028-00007728-00008066 so step one we need to identify what are
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00029-00008067-00008294 those members okay so how many members
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00030-00008295-00008503 are in that truss what do you think
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00031-00008504-00008849 here's what I think there's one two
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00032-00008850-00009185 three four five okay this is not one
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00033-00009186-00009442 member down here every member terminates
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00034-00009443-00009785 at every joint okay let's just write
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00035-00009786-00010094 them all down okay so we got we got
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00036-00010095-00010771 remember a B we got member BC okay we
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00037-00010772-00011542 got member a D and then we got B D and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00038-00011543-00012049 finally C D okay one two three four five
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00039-00012050-00012313 one two three four five good so that's
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00040-00012314-00012530 what we're looking for okay so how do we
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00041-00012531-00012799 find out what's going on so what we're
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00042-00012800-00013066 talking about now our internal forces
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00043-00013067-00013340 right these this
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00044-00013341-00013613 and this five are external forces and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00045-00013613-00013997 those guys are causing some force if I
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00046-00013997-00014099 cut that number in half
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00047-00014100-00014459 and I looked inside of it right there is
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00048-00014460-00014687 there is some forces inside of there
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00049-00014688-00014861 that's generated by these guys and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00050-00014862-00015091 that's what we're finding that's what a
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00051-00015093-00015383 B is is the force that's inside of
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00052-00015384-00015605 member a be okay I'm going to show you
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00053-00015606-00015913 how we get it it's quite easy okay using
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00054-00015915-00016226 the method of joints let's write a
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00055-00016227-00016856 recipe okay so number one step one hey
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00056-00016857-00017987 find global equilibrium and that's just
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00057-00017988-00018215 a fancy way to find say find the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00058-00018216-00019499 reactions at the supports okay so step
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00059-00019500-00019691 loin I'm going to look at this thing and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00060-00019692-00019904 I'll say okay what's going on I've got a
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00061-00019905-00020294 pin connection at a okay so at a I'm
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00062-00020295-00020705 going to have a two forces one like this
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00063-00020706-00021164 like this on a Y and an ax okay and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00064-00021165-00021371 let's see hey X which way does it go
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00065-00021372-00021689 well the five goes that way so the X
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00066-00021690-00022256 better go that way okay any Y which way
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00067-00022257-00022415 does it go now remember if you don't
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00068-00022416-00022673 understand which way it goes it's okay
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00069-00022674-00023000 to guess um I I don't know I'm gonna
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00070-00023001-00023294 guess that it goes down I might be wrong
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00071-00023295-00023492 but when I saw for a Y if I get a
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00072-00023493-00023591 negative pay
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00073-00023592-00023813 I was backwards okay and then over here
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00074-00023814-00024272 at C there's a see Y right so I've got a
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00075-00024273-00024560 first step step one I've got to find a X
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00076-00024561-00024932 a Y and see what and we do that by
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00077-00024933-00025250 looking at you guessed it the moment at
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00078-00025251-00025603 egg okay so some of the moments at Point
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00079-00025604-00026077 a this being positive okay equals zero
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00080-00026079-00026420 what do I have a finger a I've got five
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00081-00026420-00026693 that rotates me clockwise
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00082-00026694-00027080 that guy's negative okay so - five times
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00083-00027081-00027599 how far away for hey and then I got
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00084-00027600-00027880 eight oh he also rotates me- - eight
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00085-00027881-00028493 times how far away three okay and then I
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00086-00028494-00028714 got CY which rotates me
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00087-00028716-00028889 oh that's counterclockwise that's
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00088-00028889-00029299 positive so plus CY times how far away
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00089-00029300-00029827 four okay so let's see what we get here
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00090-00029829-00030761 we got 220 plus 24 equals for CY so what
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00091-00030762-00031264 is that 44 so 44 divided by 4 equals C Y
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00092-00031266-00031819 which equals 11 okay so CY is 11
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00093-00031820-00032174 kilonewtons going up what's the total
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00094-00032175-00032552 downward force on the system 8 so what
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00095-00032552-00032825 is a what I have to do it does have to
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00096-00032826-00033008 go down doesn't it and as a matter of
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00097-00033009-00033317 fact it has to go down right a Y if you
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00098-00033318-00033464 did and here it is I'm gonna write it
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00099-00033465-00033674 down here's what I was doing in my head
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00100-00033675-00033865 right I was doing the sum of the force
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00101-00033866-00034130 and the Y in my head which is 11
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00102-00034131-00034471 positive going uphill and then minus 8
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00103-00034472-00035027 okay and then - a Y okay so move the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00104-00035028-00035147 able out of the other side
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00105-00035148-00035683 hey Y is equal to 3 killa Newtons okay
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00106-00035684-00036134 so and of course the sum of the force in
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00107-00036135-00036332 the X tells me that ax has got to be
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00108-00036333-00036857 equal to 5 right so this guy 5
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00109-00036858-00037279 kilonewtons this guy 3 kilonewtons and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00110-00037280-00037807 this guy I'm doing him in red 11
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00111-00037808-00038132 kilonewtons okay we have completed step
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00112-00038133-00038375 one we found global equilibrium we're
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00113-00038376-00039178 good to go ok so step two step two okay
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00114-00039179-00039893 select a joint okay you can we're going
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00115-00039894-00040092 to pick a joint to start working on
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00116-00040093-00040395 okay however there's a special note here
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00117-00040396-00040499 okay
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00118-00040500-00041910 do not pick a joint with more than two
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00119-00041911-00042570 unknowns okay why two unknowns because
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00120-00042571-00042821 these we're gonna analyze a particle
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00121-00042822-00043043 right these are little chapter three
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00122-00043044-00043182 problems remember the chapter three
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00123-00043183-00043437 problems okay so let's say we start off
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00124-00043438-00043848 at joint a okay the next step is step
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00125-00043849-00045108 three three draw FBD of the joint and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00126-00045109-00046157 then I guess step four is solve whoops
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00127-00046158-00046708 and then if there's a step 5 it would be
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00128-00046709-00047424 repeat okay so let's start at joint a if
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00129-00047425-00047625 I started joint a if I take my free body
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00130-00047626-00047837 diagram cookie cutter and I select joint
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00131-00047838-00048140 a okay I'm only going to cut through two
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00132-00048141-00048362 members that I don't know that's only
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00133-00048363-00048606 two unknowns so joint a would look like
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00134-00048607-00049089 this there he is
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00135-00049090-00049323 it's got something like this something
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00136-00049324-00049533 like that one like this one like that
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00137-00049534-00050096 right this guy is five kilonewtons this
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00138-00050097-00050505 guy going downhill three kilonewtons
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00139-00050506-00050961 okay now this guy up here is member ad
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00140-00050962-00051312 okay and this guy over here is member a
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00141-00051313-00051723 B well this one's pretty easy isn't it
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00142-00051724-00051963 because for that joint to be in
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00143-00051964-00052173 equilibrium he's not moving right so the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00144-00052174-00052428 sum of the forces has to be 0 then the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00145-00052429-00052596 up stuff has to equal the down stuff the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00146-00052597-00052751 left stuff has to equal the right stuff
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00147-00052752-00052998 okay so if that guy is going that way
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00148-00052999-00053316 this one has to go this way and if that
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00149-00053316-00053441 guy's going down then this
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00150-00053442-00053729 has to go up okay this is pretty easy
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00151-00053730-00054026 right it tells me that a B has to also
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00152-00054027-00054416 be equal to five kilonewtons an ad has
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00153-00054417-00054579 to be three kilonewtons
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00154-00054579-00054876 okay so right away I know something I
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00155-00054877-00055417 know I know a B is five kilonewtons and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00156-00055419-00056010 I know that ad is three kilonewtons now
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00157-00056011-00056151 here's the one thing that's different in
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00158-00056152-00056424 this chapter you have to tell me is this
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00159-00056425-00056724 member ad okay is that member and and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00161-00060301-00060501 going away from a joint are always
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00162-00060502-00061492 tension okay away always tension okay
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00163-00061494-00061730 it's not a freed up bite that's not a
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00164-00061732-00061907 free body diagram it looks like oh the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00165-00061908-00062117 member is getting squeezed nope wait
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00166-00062119-00062337 that is not a free body diagram of a
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00167-00062338-00062499 member that's a free body diagram of the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00168-00062500-00062807 joint right the joints and the members
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00169-00062808-00063063 in tension is pulling on the joint okay
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00170-00063064-00063297 so I'm gonna put this I'm gonna put a t
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00171-00063298-00063600 there and a t there okay and that's all
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00172-00063601-00063755 you have to do this chapter is identify
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00173-00063757-00064004 is an intention or in compression is it
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00174-00064005-00064292 a tea or a seed that's it okay okay now
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00175-00064294-00064515 we've done joint a so what should we do
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00176-00064516-00064911 let's look at joint B over here okay now
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00177-00064912-00065034 there is one thing that we're going to
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00178-00065035-00065288 do real quick and we kind of need we
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00179-00065289-00065580 kind of need this angle right here oh
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00180-00065581-00065915 that's easy isn't it that's a 3 4 5
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00181-00065916-00066180 triangle so that means that this angle
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00182-00066181-00066567 right here is thirty six point eight
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00183-00066568-00066760 seven
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00184-00066761-00066999 where did you get that well you can use
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00185-00067000-00067291 tangent if you want but it's so common
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00186-00067292-00067546 in statics that I just I just remember
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00187-00067547-00067837 it okay so here is joint B I'm gonna
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00188-00067838-00068173 draw joint B over here now okay and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00189-00068174-00068448 joint B what does joint B look like well
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00190-00068449-00068655 here's what he looks like he has a force
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00191-00068656-00068937 there of course there a force there
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00192-00068938-00069399 that's 8 kilonewtons okay and then it's
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00193-00069400-00069799 got this one right here okay do we know
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00194-00069800-00069940 they need the direction let's just label
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00195-00069941-00070473 these this is a B and this is a b c and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00196-00070474-00071212 this one up here is BD BD okay look at a
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00197-00071213-00071596 B okay you know what there's a be up
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00198-00071597-00071962 there okay so on this one a B was
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00199-00071963-00072211 pulling so what's he gonna be doing to
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00200-00072212-00072454 this joint over here now if you said
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00201-00072455-00072697 going that way that's not right
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00202-00072698-00072874 because if one end is going that way and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00203-00072875-00073044 the other end is going that way what's
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00204-00073045-00073326 the beam doing it's moving right if
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00205-00073327-00073569 winning goes that way the other side has
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00206-00073570-00073731 to go that way right it's a two Force
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00207-00073732-00073948 member so the two hands act in opposite
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00208-00073949-00074226 directions so if the guy is pulling on
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00209-00074227-00074457 the joint over here he's pulling on the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00210-00074458-00074682 joint over there so this goes like this
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00211-00074683-00075105 right and we know how big a B is it's 5
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00212-00075106-00075574 kilonewtons hey-oh
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00213-00075575-00075841 we know this angle right here thirty six
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00214-00075842-00076423 point eight seven is that right no no
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00215-00076424-00076579 that angle is not thirty six point eight
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00216-00076580-00076857 seven wrong I should have done I should
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00217-00076858-00077029 have done that after all isn't it it's
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00218-00077030-00077362 fifty three point one three okay that
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00219-00077363-00077491 one up there is thirty six point eight
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00220-00077492-00077530 seven
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00221-00077531-00077821 oh I'm glad y'all told me about that I
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00222-00077822-00078156 almost messed that up fifty three point
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00223-00078157-00078421 one three degrees okay that's better
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00224-00078422-00078992 so BB and BC do I know which way they go
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00225-00078993-00079324 well I got something to the left I got
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00226-00079325-00079476 something going down I got something
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00227-00079477-00079800 going down then BD has to go up doesn't
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00228-00079801-00079974 it it's the since BC does
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00229-00079975-00080232 have an upward component this one has to
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00230-00080233-00080474 go up just to have equilibrium right
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00231-00080475-00080664 downwards upwards
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00232-00080665-00080847 okay now that guy's going to the left
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00233-00080848-00081072 that guy's going to the left so BC has
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00234-00081073-00081354 to go to the right a lot of tension
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00235-00081355-00081513 members in this truss aren't there we
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00236-00081514-00081662 haven't had a compression member yet
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00237-00081663-00082035 okay so let's see if we can solve this
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00238-00082036-00082389 truss okay so this guy has two
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00239-00082390-00082812 components okay and you can use that
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00240-00082813-00083184 angle if you want to right or you could
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00241-00083185-00083577 do this this sides three that sides for
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00242-00083578-00083958 right it's a 3 4 5 triangle so the X
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00243-00083959-00084456 side this guy right here would be 3/5 of
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00244-00084457-00084939 BD and this guy over here would be 4/5
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00245-00084940-00085200 of BD and if you want to use the angle
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00246-00085201-00085416 that's fine if you like it put that in
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00247-00085417-00085599 your calculator and you do the cosine of
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00248-00085600-00085872 53 point three one fifty three point one
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00249-00085873-00086253 three guess what you get point six right
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00250-00086254-00086610 which is the same as 3/5 okay that's a
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00251-00086611-00086732 little shortcut trick with it we've
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00252-00086733-00086865 learned okay so here we go
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00253-00086866-00087057 we have two equations we can write the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00254-00087058-00087351 sum of the forces in the X and the sum
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00255-00087352-00087603 of the forces in the Y that's all we can
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00256-00087604-00088047 write okay so here we go in the X what
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00257-00088048-00088947 do we have we have BC minus five and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00258-00088948-00089805 then minus three-fifths BD okay and then
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00259-00089806-00090009 in the Y what do we have in the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00260-00090010-00090605 y-direction we have going uphill 4/5 BD
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00261-00090606-00091038 and then in the negative we got negative
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00262-00091039-00091635 eight okay so we move the eight to the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00263-00091636-00092076 other side and we get what do we get we
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00264-00092077-00092469 get eight divided by 0.8 which is ten so
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00265-00092470-00093138 BD equals ten
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00266-00093139-00093521 okay that's one of the things that we
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00267-00093522-00093805 need and then we can substitute that
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00268-00093806-00094135 back in right there point six times ten
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00269-00094136-00094594 is six right so negative 5 minus 6 and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00270-00094595-00094790 this minus 11 move that to your side so
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00271-00094791-00095696 BC equals 11 kill the news okay and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00272-00095697-00095863 which way do we draw them they're going
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00273-00095864-00096241 away from the joint so BC is in tension
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00274-00096242-00096826 BD is in tension okay so BC is 11
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00275-00096827-00097373 kilonewtons what do we say tension and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00276-00097374-00097954 then BD is 10 kilonewtons tension right
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00277-00097955-00098224 okay we got one more to go let's make us
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00278-00098225-00098437 some space and we'll do CD okay we'll
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00279-00098438-00098755 put him right here hey the old hand
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00280-00098756-00099128 eraser trick all right here we go we can
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00281-00099129-00099335 do joint C let's just do joint C right
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00282-00099336-00100253 there okay so joint C always when you're
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00283-00100254-00100375 working these problems on your test
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00284-00100376-00100594 label what you're doing so if somebody's
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00285-00100595-00100768 grading it's very easy to tell exactly
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00286-00100769-00101356 what you were doing there okay and there
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00287-00101357-00101698 see why isn't he he's 11 kilonewtons
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00288-00101699-00102260 okay so if that one goes up this is a CD
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00289-00102261-00102589 up here right then this one has to go
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00290-00102590-00102899 down doesn't it it has to and then this
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00291-00102900-00103093 one that one goes to the right so this
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00292-00103094-00103258 one has to go to the left and we knew
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00293-00103259-00103402 that right it goes away from the joint
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00294-00103403-00103606 because he went away from the joint on
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00295-00103607-00103942 the other side right so this is BC right
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00296-00103943-00104185 he was away from the joint he was going
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00297-00104186-00104380 this way over here so he's going this
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00298-00104381-00104760 way over there right has to be okay okay
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00299-00104761-00105028 and then one thing we need more is this
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00300-00105029-00105628 angle right there which is 4 for this
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00301-00105629-00105958 way and for that it's 45 degrees isn't
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00302-00105959-00106178 it
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00303-00106179-00106561 okay so from all of this okay this guy
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00304-00106563-00106833 has two components one there one there
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00305-00106834-00107255 right I need that component which is the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00306-00107256-00107552 sum of the forces in the Y equals zero
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00307-00107553-00107789 equals what do I have eleven going
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00308-00107790-00108055 uphill and then what do I going downhill
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00309-00108056-00108755 CD minus CD times the sine of 45 okay
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00310-00108756-00109016 and so move the eleven to the other side
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00311-00109017-00109643 let's see eleven divided by 0.7 oh seven
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00312-00109644-00109958 which is the sine of 45 fifteen point
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00313-00109958-00110468 five six so CD equals fifteen point five
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00314-00110469-00111026 six kilonewtons okay and CD is he going
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00315-00111027-00111188 away from the joint or to the joint he's
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00316-00111189-00111395 going to the joint so that means that's
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00317-00111396-00111566 the only compression member in the whole
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00318-00111567-00112011 thing fifteen point five six kilonewtons
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00319-00112013-00112336 compression okay that's all there is to
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00320-00112338-00112598 it gang all right you just start it one
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00321-00112599-00112754 joint and you just start working your
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00322-00112755-00113039 way around the truss this is not the
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00323-00113040-00113255 fastest method in the world okay it's
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00324-00113256-00113633 not fast at all and what we found at a
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00325-00113633-00113906 we carried to be what we found at B we
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00326-00113907-00114158 carried to C so if you mess something up
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00327-00114158-00114395 along the way you just carry your error
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00328-00114396-00114551 and it just gets worse and worse and
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00329-00114552-00114848 worse okay so there's a lot of places to
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00330-00114849-00115025 get messed up but what did we do here
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00331-00115026-00115183 right here when we started off when we
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00332-00115184-00115432 did global equilibrium right there okay
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00333-00115433-00115847 that's a chapter five problem okay well
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00334-00115848-00116039 some of the forces X sum of the forces
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00335-00116040-00116426 of Y this thing right here is a little
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00336-00116427-00116651 old chapter three problem write this up
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00337-00116652-00116894 here a little old chapter three problem
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00338-00116895-00117116 the one that I erased a chapter three
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00339-00117117-00117358 problem so we had to do for one chapter
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00340-00117359-00117583 six problem we had to do a chapter five
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00341-00117584-00117905 problem and three chapter three problems
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00342-00117906-00118295 okay so there you go that is the method
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00343-00118296-00118616 of joints I hope this helps
+bJhkIpz_cYc-00344-00118617-00118883 Thanks
+bM4WsebwSa4-00000-00000631-00000774 we're back you're watching the cube's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00001-00000775-00001007 coverage of red hat summit 2022 here in
+bM4WsebwSa4-00002-00001008-00001247 the seaport in boston i'm dave vellante
+bM4WsebwSa4-00003-00001248-00001423 with my co-host paul gillin justin
+bM4WsebwSa4-00004-00001424-00001655 boitano is here he's the vice president
+bM4WsebwSa4-00005-00001655-00001910 of enterprise and edge computing at
+bM4WsebwSa4-00006-00001911-00002175 nvidia maybe you've heard of them and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00007-00002176-00002383 tushar katarki who's the director of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00008-00002384-00002607 product management at red hat gentlemen
+bM4WsebwSa4-00009-00002608-00002750 welcome to the cube good to see you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00010-00002751-00002958 thank you great to be here just on your
+bM4WsebwSa4-00011-00002959-00003231 keynote this morning uh you got
+bM4WsebwSa4-00012-00003232-00003447 interviewed and shared your your
+bM4WsebwSa4-00013-00003447-00003631 thoughts on ai you you encourage people
+bM4WsebwSa4-00014-00003632-00003815 to you gotta think bigger
+bM4WsebwSa4-00015-00003815-00003990 on ai you know it's kind of self-serving
+bM4WsebwSa4-00016-00003992-00004119 but why why
+bM4WsebwSa4-00017-00004120-00004286 well when you think of ai i mean it's a
+bM4WsebwSa4-00018-00004287-00004447 monumental change that's going to affect
+bM4WsebwSa4-00019-00004448-00004631 every industry and so when we think of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00020-00004632-00004919 ai you're you step back you you're
+bM4WsebwSa4-00021-00004920-00005111 challenging companies to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00022-00005112-00005375 build intelligence and ai factories and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00023-00005376-00005591 factories that can produce intelligence
+bM4WsebwSa4-00024-00005592-00005791 and so it read you know forces you to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00025-00005792-00005951 rethink how you build data centers how
+bM4WsebwSa4-00026-00005952-00006111 you build applications
+bM4WsebwSa4-00027-00006112-00006295 it's a very data centric
+bM4WsebwSa4-00028-00006296-00006518 process where you you're bringing in you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00029-00006519-00006734 know an exponential amount of data you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00030-00006736-00006934 have to label that data you got to train
+bM4WsebwSa4-00031-00006936-00007119 a model you got to test the model to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00032-00007120-00007223 make sure that it's accurate and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00033-00007223-00007431 delivers business value then you push it
+bM4WsebwSa4-00034-00007431-00007583 into production it's going to generate
+bM4WsebwSa4-00035-00007584-00007767 more data and you kind of work through
+bM4WsebwSa4-00036-00007768-00008023 that cycle over and over and over so you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00037-00008023-00008191 know just as red hat talks about you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00038-00008192-00008510 know ci cd of applications we're talking
+bM4WsebwSa4-00039-00008511-00008799 about ci cd of the ai model itself right
+bM4WsebwSa4-00040-00008800-00009014 so it becomes a continuous improvement
+bM4WsebwSa4-00041-00009015-00009199 of ai models in production which is a
+bM4WsebwSa4-00042-00009200-00009391 big big business transformation yeah
+bM4WsebwSa4-00043-00009392-00009519 chris wright was talking about basically
+bM4WsebwSa4-00044-00009520-00009735 take your your typical application
+bM4WsebwSa4-00045-00009736-00009903 development you know pipeline and life
+bM4WsebwSa4-00046-00009904-00010214 cycle and apply that type of thinking to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00047-00010215-00010374 aai
+bM4WsebwSa4-00048-00010375-00010503 i was saying those two worlds have to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00049-00010504-00010759 come together actually you know the the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00050-00010760-00011063 application stack and the data stack
+bM4WsebwSa4-00051-00011064-00011238 including ai need to need to come
+bM4WsebwSa4-00052-00011239-00011327 together
+bM4WsebwSa4-00053-00011328-00011438 what's the role
+bM4WsebwSa4-00054-00011439-00011606 of red hat
+bM4WsebwSa4-00055-00011607-00011838 what's your sort of posture on ai where
+bM4WsebwSa4-00056-00011839-00012046 do you fit with openshift yeah so we're
+bM4WsebwSa4-00057-00012047-00012263 very excited about ai i mean a lot of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00058-00012264-00012527 our customers obviously are looking to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00059-00012528-00012727 take that data and make meaning out of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00060-00012728-00012943 it using ai is definitely a big
+bM4WsebwSa4-00061-00012944-00013230 important tool and openshift and our
+bM4WsebwSa4-00062-00013231-00013527 approach to open hybrid cloud really
+bM4WsebwSa4-00063-00013528-00013815 forms a successful platform to base all
+bM4WsebwSa4-00064-00013816-00014151 your ai journey on with a partner such
+bM4WsebwSa4-00065-00014152-00014366 as nvidia whom we are working very
+bM4WsebwSa4-00066-00014368-00014575 closely with and so the idea really is
+bM4WsebwSa4-00067-00014576-00014799 as justin was saying um you know the end
+bM4WsebwSa4-00068-00014800-00015047 to end when you think about uh life's uh
+bM4WsebwSa4-00069-00015047-00015327 life of a model your data you mind that
+bM4WsebwSa4-00070-00015328-00015479 data you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00071-00015480-00015686 create models you deploy it into
+bM4WsebwSa4-00072-00015687-00015927 production that whole thing what we call
+bM4WsebwSa4-00073-00015928-00016166 ci cd as you were saying there's devops
+bM4WsebwSa4-00074-00016168-00016447 devsecops and the hybrid cloud that rare
+bM4WsebwSa4-00075-00016448-00016575 has been talking about although with
+bM4WsebwSa4-00076-00016576-00016783 openshift as the center forms a good
+bM4WsebwSa4-00077-00016784-00017039 basis for that so
+bM4WsebwSa4-00078-00017040-00017199 somebody said the other day i want to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00079-00017200-00017391 ask you is nvidia a hardware company or
+bM4WsebwSa4-00080-00017392-00017671 a software company
+bM4WsebwSa4-00081-00017672-00017830 we're a company that people know for our
+bM4WsebwSa4-00082-00017831-00018071 hardware but you know predominantly now
+bM4WsebwSa4-00083-00018072-00018230 we're a software company right and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00084-00018231-00018391 that's what we're on stage talking about
+bM4WsebwSa4-00085-00018392-00018647 i mean ultimately is uh is a lot of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00086-00018648-00018830 these customers uh know that they've got
+bM4WsebwSa4-00087-00018831-00019071 to embark on this journey to apply ai to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00088-00019072-00019214 transform their business with it it's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00089-00019215-00019439 such a big competitive advantage going
+bM4WsebwSa4-00090-00019440-00019727 into you know the next decade and so the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00091-00019728-00019879 faster they get ahead of it the more
+bM4WsebwSa4-00092-00019880-00020030 they're gonna they're gonna win right
+bM4WsebwSa4-00093-00020031-00020150 but there are some of them they're just
+bM4WsebwSa4-00094-00020151-00020391 not really sure how to get going and so
+bM4WsebwSa4-00095-00020392-00020527 a lot of this is we want to lower the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00096-00020528-00020719 barrier to entry we built this program
+bM4WsebwSa4-00097-00020720-00020967 we call launchpad to basically make it
+bM4WsebwSa4-00098-00020968-00021199 so they get instant access to the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00099-00021200-00021535 servers the ai servers with openshift
+bM4WsebwSa4-00100-00021536-00021750 with the ml ops tooling with example
+bM4WsebwSa4-00101-00021751-00021950 applications and then we walk them
+bM4WsebwSa4-00102-00021951-00022094 through examples like how do you build a
+bM4WsebwSa4-00103-00022095-00022263 chat bot how do you build a vision
+bM4WsebwSa4-00104-00022264-00022455 system for quality control how do you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00105-00022456-00022703 build a price recommendation model uh
+bM4WsebwSa4-00106-00022704-00022871 and and they can do hands-on labs and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00107-00022872-00023191 walk out of you know launchpad with uh
+bM4WsebwSa4-00108-00023192-00023399 all the software they need the the i'll
+bM4WsebwSa4-00109-00023400-00023567 say the blueprint for building their
+bM4WsebwSa4-00110-00023568-00023822 application uh they've got a way to have
+bM4WsebwSa4-00111-00023823-00024014 the software and containers supported in
+bM4WsebwSa4-00112-00024015-00024207 production and they know the blueprint
+bM4WsebwSa4-00113-00024208-00024350 for the infrastructure and operating
+bM4WsebwSa4-00114-00024351-00024599 that a scale with with openshift so more
+bM4WsebwSa4-00115-00024600-00024735 and more you know to come back to your
+bM4WsebwSa4-00116-00024736-00024894 question it's we're focused on the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00117-00024895-00025127 software layers and making that easy to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00118-00025128-00025311 help you know either enterprises build
+bM4WsebwSa4-00119-00025312-00025511 their apps or work with our ecosystem
+bM4WsebwSa4-00120-00025512-00025702 and developers to to buy you know
+bM4WsebwSa4-00121-00025704-00025918 solutions off the shelf now on the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00122-00025919-00026167 hardware side though i mean clearly
+bM4WsebwSa4-00123-00026168-00026390 nvidia has prospered on the backs of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00124-00026391-00026670 gpus as the engines of ai development is
+bM4WsebwSa4-00125-00026672-00026814 that how it's going to be for the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00126-00026816-00027031 foreseeable future will gpus continue to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00127-00027032-00027295 be core to building and training ai
+bM4WsebwSa4-00128-00027295-00027567 models or do you see something more
+bM4WsebwSa4-00129-00027568-00027846 specific to ai workloads yeah i mean
+bM4WsebwSa4-00130-00027847-00028046 it's a good question so i think
+bM4WsebwSa4-00131-00028047-00028158 for the next
+bM4WsebwSa4-00132-00028160-00028343 decade well plus i mean forever we're
+bM4WsebwSa4-00133-00028344-00028551 gonna always monetize hardware uh it's a
+bM4WsebwSa4-00134-00028552-00028758 big you know market opportunity i mean
+bM4WsebwSa4-00135-00028760-00028918 jensen talks about a hundred billion
+bM4WsebwSa4-00136-00028919-00029135 dollar you know market opportunity for
+bM4WsebwSa4-00137-00029136-00029287 nvidia just on hardware it's probably
+bM4WsebwSa4-00138-00029288-00029439 another 100 billion dollar opportunity
+bM4WsebwSa4-00139-00029439-00029670 on the software so the the reality is
+bM4WsebwSa4-00140-00029672-00029831 we're getting going on the software side
+bM4WsebwSa4-00141-00029832-00029999 so it's still kind of early days but
+bM4WsebwSa4-00142-00030000-00030183 that's you know a big big area of growth
+bM4WsebwSa4-00143-00030183-00030318 for us in the future and we're making
+bM4WsebwSa4-00144-00030319-00030511 big investments in that area on the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00145-00030512-00030758 hardware side and in the data center um
+bM4WsebwSa4-00146-00030760-00030902 you know the reality is since moore's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00147-00030903-00031070 law has ended
+bM4WsebwSa4-00148-00031072-00031262 acceleration is really the thing that's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00149-00031263-00031479 going to advance all data centers so i
+bM4WsebwSa4-00150-00031480-00031551 think
+bM4WsebwSa4-00151-00031552-00031727 in the future every server will have
+bM4WsebwSa4-00152-00031727-00031846 gpus
+bM4WsebwSa4-00153-00031847-00032007 every server will have deep use and we
+bM4WsebwSa4-00154-00032008-00032231 can talk a bit about what deep views are
+bM4WsebwSa4-00155-00032232-00032390 and so there's really kind of three
+bM4WsebwSa4-00156-00032391-00032623 primary processors that have to be there
+bM4WsebwSa4-00157-00032624-00032823 to form the foundation of the enterprise
+bM4WsebwSa4-00158-00032824-00032967 data center in the future did you bring
+bM4WsebwSa4-00159-00032968-00033135 up an interesting point about dpus and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00160-00033136-00033390 mpus and sort of the variations of gpus
+bM4WsebwSa4-00161-00033391-00033567 that are coming about do you see that
+bM4WsebwSa4-00162-00033568-00033702 those different
+bM4WsebwSa4-00163-00033703-00033967 pu types continuing to proliferate oh
+bM4WsebwSa4-00164-00033968-00034111 absolutely i mean it's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00165-00034112-00034343 we've done a bunch of work with red hat
+bM4WsebwSa4-00166-00034344-00034527 and we've got a i'll say a beta of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00167-00034528-00034846 openshift 410 that now supports dpus as
+bM4WsebwSa4-00168-00034847-00035062 the i'll call it the control plane
+bM4WsebwSa4-00169-00035063-00035262 uh like software-defined networking
+bM4WsebwSa4-00170-00035263-00035446 offload in the data center so it takes
+bM4WsebwSa4-00171-00035447-00035583 all the software-defined networking off
+bM4WsebwSa4-00172-00035584-00035823 of cpus uh when everybody talks about
+bM4WsebwSa4-00173-00035824-00036023 i'll call it software-defined you know
+bM4WsebwSa4-00174-00036024-00036183 networking and core data centers you can
+bM4WsebwSa4-00175-00036184-00036367 think of that as just a cpu tax up to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00176-00036368-00036551 this point so what's nice is that's all
+bM4WsebwSa4-00177-00036552-00036830 moving over to deep use to you know
+bM4WsebwSa4-00178-00036831-00037046 offload and isolate it from the x86
+bM4WsebwSa4-00179-00037047-00037239 cores it increases security your data
+bM4WsebwSa4-00180-00037240-00037383 center it
+bM4WsebwSa4-00181-00037384-00037511 improves the throughput of your data
+bM4WsebwSa4-00182-00037512-00037839 center um and so yeah dpus we see
+bM4WsebwSa4-00183-00037840-00038046 everybody copying that model and and you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00184-00038047-00038215 know to give credit where credit is due
+bM4WsebwSa4-00185-00038216-00038455 i think you know companies like aws you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00186-00038456-00038671 know they bought annapurna they they
+bM4WsebwSa4-00187-00038672-00038895 turned it into nitro uh which is the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00188-00038896-00039127 foundation of their data centers uh and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00189-00039128-00039279 everybody wants the i'll call the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00190-00039280-00039446 democratized version of that to run
+bM4WsebwSa4-00191-00039447-00039559 their data centers and so every
+bM4WsebwSa4-00192-00039560-00039767 financial institution and bank around
+bM4WsebwSa4-00193-00039768-00039999 the world sees the value of this this
+bM4WsebwSa4-00194-00040000-00040135 technology but running in their data
+bM4WsebwSa4-00195-00040136-00040383 center everybody needs a nitro i've i've
+bM4WsebwSa4-00196-00040384-00040615 i've written about it it's a annapurna
+bM4WsebwSa4-00197-00040616-00040911 acquisition 350 million dollars i mean
+bM4WsebwSa4-00198-00040912-00041102 peanuts in the grand scheme of things
+bM4WsebwSa4-00199-00041103-00041271 it's interesting you said moore's law is
+bM4WsebwSa4-00200-00041272-00041383 dead
+bM4WsebwSa4-00201-00041384-00041567 you know we have that conversation all
+bM4WsebwSa4-00202-00041568-00041751 the time pat gelsinger promised that
+bM4WsebwSa4-00203-00041752-00041951 moore's law is alive and well but the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00204-00041952-00042071 interesting thing is when you look at
+bM4WsebwSa4-00205-00042072-00042239 the numbers that's you know moore's law
+bM4WsebwSa4-00206-00042240-00042423 we all know a doubling of the transistor
+bM4WsebwSa4-00207-00042424-00042702 densities every every 18 to 24 months
+bM4WsebwSa4-00208-00042703-00042846 let's say
+bM4WsebwSa4-00209-00042847-00043111 that that promise that he made is true
+bM4WsebwSa4-00210-00043112-00043351 what i think the industry maybe doesn't
+bM4WsebwSa4-00211-00043352-00043518 appreciate i'm sure you do being need
+bM4WsebwSa4-00212-00043519-00043783 nvidia when you combine what you were
+bM4WsebwSa4-00213-00043784-00044118 just saying the cpu the gpu paul the npu
+bM4WsebwSa4-00214-00044119-00044199 uh
+bM4WsebwSa4-00215-00044200-00044415 accelerators the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00216-00044416-00044630 all the xpus
+bM4WsebwSa4-00217-00044631-00044807 you're talking about
+bM4WsebwSa4-00218-00044808-00045039 i mean look at apple with the m1 i mean
+bM4WsebwSa4-00219-00045040-00045279 6x in 15 months
+bM4WsebwSa4-00220-00045280-00045399 versus
+bM4WsebwSa4-00221-00045400-00045662 doubling every 18 to 24.
+bM4WsebwSa4-00222-00045663-00045902 the a15 is probably averaging over the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00223-00045903-00046199 last five years 110
+bM4WsebwSa4-00224-00046200-00046407 performance improvement each year versus
+bM4WsebwSa4-00225-00046408-00046607 the historical moore's law which is 40
+bM4WsebwSa4-00226-00046608-00046807 it's probably down to the low 30s now so
+bM4WsebwSa4-00227-00046808-00047086 it's a completely different world
+bM4WsebwSa4-00228-00047087-00047351 yeah we're entering now and the new
+bM4WsebwSa4-00229-00047352-00047551 applications are going to be developed
+bM4WsebwSa4-00230-00047552-00047807 on these capabilities it's just not your
+bM4WsebwSa4-00231-00047808-00048046 general purpose market anymore
+bM4WsebwSa4-00232-00048047-00048174 from an application development
+bM4WsebwSa4-00233-00048175-00048423 standpoint what does that mean to the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00234-00048424-00048718 world yeah i mean yeah it it's a great
+bM4WsebwSa4-00235-00048719-00048902 point i mean from application i mean
+bM4WsebwSa4-00236-00048903-00049118 first of all all i mean just talk about
+bM4WsebwSa4-00237-00049119-00049374 ai i mean they are all very compute
+bM4WsebwSa4-00238-00049375-00049655 intensive they're data intensive and to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00239-00049656-00049846 i mean to move data for those so much
+bM4WsebwSa4-00240-00049847-00050062 and to compute and crunch those numbers
+bM4WsebwSa4-00241-00050063-00050262 i mean i'd say you need all the pu's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00242-00050263-00050535 that you mentioned in the world
+bM4WsebwSa4-00243-00050536-00050735 and then and also there are other
+bM4WsebwSa4-00244-00050736-00050927 concerns that will augment that right
+bM4WsebwSa4-00245-00050928-00051127 like we want to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00246-00051128-00051326 you know security is so important so we
+bM4WsebwSa4-00247-00051327-00051566 want to uh secure everything uh
+bM4WsebwSa4-00248-00051567-00051782 cryptography is going to take off to new
+bM4WsebwSa4-00249-00051783-00051982 levels uh you know that we are talking
+bM4WsebwSa4-00250-00051983-00052214 about for example in the case of gpus
+bM4WsebwSa4-00251-00052215-00052438 we're talking about you know can that be
+bM4WsebwSa4-00252-00052439-00052679 used to offload uh your
+bM4WsebwSa4-00253-00052679-00052863 encryption and firewalling and so on and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00254-00052864-00053103 so forth so i think the there are a lot
+bM4WsebwSa4-00255-00053104-00053319 of opportunities from even from an
+bM4WsebwSa4-00256-00053320-00053471 application point of view to take
+bM4WsebwSa4-00257-00053472-00053830 advantage of this uh capacity so i i'd
+bM4WsebwSa4-00258-00053832-00054063 say we'd never run out of uh the need
+bM4WsebwSa4-00259-00054064-00054311 for pus so is openshift the layer that's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00260-00054312-00054447 going to simplify all that for the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00261-00054448-00054566 developer
+bM4WsebwSa4-00262-00054567-00054719 that's right you know so one of the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00263-00054720-00054966 things that we worked with nvidia and in
+bM4WsebwSa4-00264-00054967-00055079 fact
+bM4WsebwSa4-00265-00055079-00055166 was
+bM4WsebwSa4-00266-00055167-00055350 we developed this
+bM4WsebwSa4-00267-00055351-00055582 concept of an operator for gpus but you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00268-00055583-00055879 can use that pattern for any of the pus
+bM4WsebwSa4-00269-00055879-00056094 and so the idea really is that how do
+bM4WsebwSa4-00270-00056095-00056342 you yeah
+bM4WsebwSa4-00271-00056344-00056726 that's a new term
+bM4WsebwSa4-00272-00056727-00056871 xpus
+bM4WsebwSa4-00273-00056872-00056975 yeah
+bM4WsebwSa4-00274-00056976-00057054 and so
+bM4WsebwSa4-00275-00057055-00057350 that pattern becomes very easy for uh
+bM4WsebwSa4-00276-00057351-00057694 open uh gpus or any other any other such
+bM4WsebwSa4-00277-00057695-00057879 accelerators to be easily added as a
+bM4WsebwSa4-00278-00057879-00058054 capacity and for the kubernetes
+bM4WsebwSa4-00279-00058055-00058230 scheduler to understand that there is
+bM4WsebwSa4-00280-00058232-00058430 that capacity so that an application
+bM4WsebwSa4-00281-00058432-00058623 which says that i want to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00282-00058624-00058894 run on a gpu then it becomes very easy
+bM4WsebwSa4-00283-00058895-00059142 for it to run on that gpu and so that's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00284-00059144-00059415 the abstraction to your point about
+bM4WsebwSa4-00285-00059416-00059591 how we're making that happen and to add
+bM4WsebwSa4-00286-00059591-00059791 to this so the the operator model it's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00287-00059791-00060023 this you know open source model that
+bM4WsebwSa4-00288-00060024-00060223 does the orchestration so kubernetes
+bM4WsebwSa4-00289-00060224-00060399 will say oh there's a gpu in that node
+bM4WsebwSa4-00290-00060400-00060566 let me run the operator and it installs
+bM4WsebwSa4-00291-00060567-00060871 our entire runtime and a runtime now you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00292-00060872-00060991 know it's got
+bM4WsebwSa4-00293-00060991-00061135 a mig
+bM4WsebwSa4-00294-00061136-00061382 configuration utility it's got the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00295-00061383-00061638 driver it's got you know telemetry and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00296-00061639-00061799 metering of the actual gpu and the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00297-00061800-00062006 workload you know along with a bunch of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00298-00062007-00062126 other components right they get
+bM4WsebwSa4-00299-00062127-00062319 installed in that kubernetes cluster so
+bM4WsebwSa4-00300-00062320-00062438 instead of somebody trying to chase down
+bM4WsebwSa4-00301-00062439-00062591 all the little pieces and parts it just
+bM4WsebwSa4-00302-00062591-00062847 happens automatically in seconds we've
+bM4WsebwSa4-00303-00062848-00063094 extended the operator model to dp use
+bM4WsebwSa4-00304-00063095-00063342 and networking cards as well and we have
+bM4WsebwSa4-00305-00063344-00063503 all of those in the operator hub so for
+bM4WsebwSa4-00306-00063504-00063671 somebody running openshift in their data
+bM4WsebwSa4-00307-00063672-00063871 centers it's really simple to you know
+bM4WsebwSa4-00308-00063872-00064094 turn on node feature discovery you point
+bM4WsebwSa4-00309-00064095-00064287 to the operators and when you see new
+bM4WsebwSa4-00310-00064288-00064503 accelerated nodes of the entire runtimes
+bM4WsebwSa4-00311-00064504-00064654 automatically installed for you so it
+bM4WsebwSa4-00312-00064655-00064759 really makes
+bM4WsebwSa4-00313-00064760-00064959 you know gpus and our networking our
+bM4WsebwSa4-00314-00064960-00065119 advanced networking capabilities really
+bM4WsebwSa4-00315-00065120-00065303 first-class citizens in the data center
+bM4WsebwSa4-00316-00065304-00065471 so you can kind of connect the dots and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00317-00065472-00065759 see how nvidia and the red red hat
+bM4WsebwSa4-00318-00065760-00065903 partnership
+bM4WsebwSa4-00319-00065904-00066111 are sort of aiming at the enterprise i
+bM4WsebwSa4-00320-00066112-00066367 mean nvidia you obviously got the ai
+bM4WsebwSa4-00321-00066368-00066463 piece
+bM4WsebwSa4-00322-00066464-00066799 i always thought maybe 25 of the compute
+bM4WsebwSa4-00323-00066800-00067038 cycles in the data center wasted doing
+bM4WsebwSa4-00324-00067039-00067231 storage offloads or networking offload
+bM4WsebwSa4-00325-00067232-00067575 security i think jensen says it's 30 uh
+bM4WsebwSa4-00326-00067576-00067735 probably a better number than i have but
+bM4WsebwSa4-00327-00067736-00067991 so now you're seeing a lot of new
+bM4WsebwSa4-00328-00067992-00068311 innovation in in new hardware
+bM4WsebwSa4-00329-00068312-00068567 uh devices that are that are attacking
+bM4WsebwSa4-00330-00068568-00068863 that with alternative processors
+bM4WsebwSa4-00331-00068864-00069063 and then my question is what about the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00332-00069064-00069150 edge
+bM4WsebwSa4-00333-00069151-00069438 is that a is it a blue field out at the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00334-00069439-00069687 edge what does that look like to nvidia
+bM4WsebwSa4-00335-00069688-00069894 and where does openshift play yeah so
+bM4WsebwSa4-00336-00069895-00069999 when we talk about the edge we always
+bM4WsebwSa4-00337-00070000-00070126 got to start talking about like which
+bM4WsebwSa4-00338-00070127-00070319 edge are we talking about because it's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00339-00070320-00070526 everything outside the core data center
+bM4WsebwSa4-00340-00070527-00070655 i mean some of the trends that we see
+bM4WsebwSa4-00341-00070656-00070911 with regard to the edges uh is
+bM4WsebwSa4-00342-00070912-00071055 you know when you get to the far edge
+bM4WsebwSa4-00343-00071056-00071255 it's single nodes you don't have the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00344-00071256-00071431 guards gates and guns protection of the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00345-00071432-00071631 data center so you start having to worry
+bM4WsebwSa4-00346-00071632-00071806 about physical security of the hardware
+bM4WsebwSa4-00347-00071807-00071982 so you can imagine there's really
+bM4WsebwSa4-00348-00071983-00072231 stringent requirements on protecting the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00349-00072232-00072447 the intellectual property of the ai
+bM4WsebwSa4-00350-00072448-00072582 model itself you spend millions of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00351-00072583-00072759 dollars to build it if i push that out
+bM4WsebwSa4-00352-00072760-00072894 to an edge data center how do i make
+bM4WsebwSa4-00353-00072895-00073071 sure that that's fully protected and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00354-00073072-00073206 that's the area
+bM4WsebwSa4-00355-00073207-00073406 that we just announced a new processor
+bM4WsebwSa4-00356-00073407-00073662 that we call hopper h100 it supports
+bM4WsebwSa4-00357-00073663-00073862 confidential computing so that you can
+bM4WsebwSa4-00358-00073863-00074055 basically ensure that model is always
+bM4WsebwSa4-00359-00074056-00074255 encrypted in system memory across the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00360-00074256-00074543 bus of the pci bus to the gpu and it's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00361-00074544-00074735 run in a confidential way on the gpu so
+bM4WsebwSa4-00362-00074736-00074950 you're protecting your your data which
+bM4WsebwSa4-00363-00074951-00075143 is your model plus the data flowing
+bM4WsebwSa4-00364-00075144-00075479 through it uh you know in transit uh in
+bM4WsebwSa4-00365-00075480-00075687 while it's stored and then in use so
+bM4WsebwSa4-00366-00075688-00075862 that really adds to that edge security
+bM4WsebwSa4-00367-00075863-00075950 model
+bM4WsebwSa4-00368-00075951-00076119 what did i ask you about the cloud
+bM4WsebwSa4-00369-00076120-00076247 correct me if i'm wrong but it seems to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00370-00076248-00076455 me that ai workloads have been slower
+bM4WsebwSa4-00371-00076456-00076647 than most to make their way to the cloud
+bM4WsebwSa4-00372-00076648-00076806 there's a lot of concerns about data
+bM4WsebwSa4-00373-00076807-00076919 transfer
+bM4WsebwSa4-00374-00076920-00077255 capacity and and even cost do you see
+bM4WsebwSa4-00375-00077256-00077431 that first of all do you agree with that
+bM4WsebwSa4-00376-00077432-00077638 and secondly is that going to change in
+bM4WsebwSa4-00377-00077639-00077782 the short term
+bM4WsebwSa4-00378-00077783-00077943 yeah so i think there's there's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00379-00077944-00078175 different classes of a problem so we'll
+bM4WsebwSa4-00380-00078176-00078350 take there's there's some companies
+bM4WsebwSa4-00381-00078351-00078462 where their data is generated in the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00382-00078463-00078687 cloud and we see a ton of i'll say
+bM4WsebwSa4-00383-00078688-00078871 adoption of ai by cloud service
+bM4WsebwSa4-00384-00078872-00079111 providers right recommendation engines
+bM4WsebwSa4-00385-00079112-00079279 uh
+bM4WsebwSa4-00386-00079280-00079447 translation engines
+bM4WsebwSa4-00387-00079448-00079647 uh conversational ai services that all
+bM4WsebwSa4-00388-00079648-00079879 the clouds are building that's all you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00389-00079880-00080111 know our processors there's also
+bM4WsebwSa4-00390-00080112-00080311 problems that enterprises have where now
+bM4WsebwSa4-00391-00080312-00080455 i'm trying to take some of these
+bM4WsebwSa4-00392-00080456-00080606 automation capabilities but i'm trying
+bM4WsebwSa4-00393-00080607-00080831 to create an intelligent factory
+bM4WsebwSa4-00394-00080832-00081038 where i want to you know
+bM4WsebwSa4-00395-00081039-00081294 merge kind of ai with the physical world
+bM4WsebwSa4-00396-00081295-00081447 and that really has to run at the edge
+bM4WsebwSa4-00397-00081448-00081599 because there's too much data being
+bM4WsebwSa4-00398-00081600-00081799 generated by cameras to bring that all
+bM4WsebwSa4-00399-00081800-00081982 the way back into the cloud
+bM4WsebwSa4-00400-00081983-00082079 so
+bM4WsebwSa4-00401-00082080-00082191 you know i think
+bM4WsebwSa4-00402-00082192-00082359 we're seeing mass adoption in the cloud
+bM4WsebwSa4-00403-00082360-00082575 today i think at the edge a lot of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00404-00082576-00082718 businesses are trying to understand how
+bM4WsebwSa4-00405-00082719-00082950 do i deploy that reliably and securely
+bM4WsebwSa4-00406-00082951-00083143 and scale it
+bM4WsebwSa4-00407-00083144-00083318 so i do think you know there's different
+bM4WsebwSa4-00408-00083319-00083423 problems that are going to run in
+bM4WsebwSa4-00409-00083424-00083615 different places and ultimately we want
+bM4WsebwSa4-00410-00083616-00083879 to help anybody apply ai where they're
+bM4WsebwSa4-00411-00083880-00084006 where the business is generating the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00412-00084007-00084126 data
+bM4WsebwSa4-00413-00084127-00084294 so obviously very memory intensive
+bM4WsebwSa4-00414-00084295-00084543 applications as well we've seen you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00415-00084544-00084815 nvidia architecturally kind of move away
+bM4WsebwSa4-00416-00084816-00085031 from the traditional you know x86
+bM4WsebwSa4-00417-00085032-00085191 approach take better advantage of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00418-00085192-00085471 memories uh where's obviously you have
+bM4WsebwSa4-00419-00085472-00085638 relationships with arm
+bM4WsebwSa4-00420-00085639-00085711 so
+bM4WsebwSa4-00421-00085712-00085911 you've got a very diverse set of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00422-00085912-00086094 capabilities and then all these other
+bM4WsebwSa4-00423-00086095-00086247 components that the committee used to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00424-00086248-00086382 just be a kind of
+bM4WsebwSa4-00425-00086383-00086599 x86 centric world
+bM4WsebwSa4-00426-00086600-00086775 and now it's all these other supporting
+bM4WsebwSa4-00427-00086776-00086887 components
+bM4WsebwSa4-00428-00086888-00087159 to support these new applications
+bM4WsebwSa4-00429-00087160-00087231 and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00430-00087232-00087382 it's
+bM4WsebwSa4-00431-00087383-00087567 how should we think about the future
+bM4WsebwSa4-00432-00087568-00087806 yeah i mean it's very exciting for sure
+bM4WsebwSa4-00433-00087807-00087950 right like you know um
+bM4WsebwSa4-00434-00087951-00088238 um the the future the data is out there
+bM4WsebwSa4-00435-00088239-00088487 uh in at the edge the data can be in the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00436-00088488-00088703 data center and so we are trying to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00437-00088704-00088999 weave a hybrid cloud
+bM4WsebwSa4-00438-00089000-00089255 footprint that spans that i mean you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00439-00089256-00089550 heard paul come here talk about it but
+bM4WsebwSa4-00440-00089551-00089655 you know we
+bM4WsebwSa4-00441-00089656-00089894 have talked about it for some time now
+bM4WsebwSa4-00442-00089895-00090126 and so the paradigm really that is that
+bM4WsebwSa4-00443-00090127-00090279 it beat an application and i say
+bM4WsebwSa4-00444-00090280-00090503 application it could be even an ai model
+bM4WsebwSa4-00445-00090504-00090655 as a service
+bM4WsebwSa4-00446-00090656-00090767 you can think about that as an
+bM4WsebwSa4-00447-00090768-00090959 application how does an application span
+bM4WsebwSa4-00448-00090960-00091199 that entire paradigm from the core to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00449-00091200-00091543 the edge and and beyond is uh where the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00450-00091544-00091791 future is uh and and of course uh
+bM4WsebwSa4-00451-00091792-00092015 there's a lot of technical challenges uh
+bM4WsebwSa4-00452-00092016-00092135 you know for
+bM4WsebwSa4-00453-00092136-00092343 for us to get there and i think
+bM4WsebwSa4-00454-00092344-00092559 partnerships like this are going to help
+bM4WsebwSa4-00455-00092560-00092855 us and our customers to get there so
+bM4WsebwSa4-00456-00092856-00093126 the world is very exciting you know i'm
+bM4WsebwSa4-00457-00093127-00093367 very bullish on on how this will play
+bM4WsebwSa4-00458-00093368-00093535 out right you know justin we'll give you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00459-00093536-00093791 the last word closing thoughts well you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00460-00093792-00093950 know i think a lot of this is like i
+bM4WsebwSa4-00461-00093951-00094135 said it's how do we reduce the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00462-00094136-00094287 complexity for enterprises to get
+bM4WsebwSa4-00463-00094288-00094479 started which is why launchpad is so
+bM4WsebwSa4-00464-00094480-00094694 fundamental it gives you know access to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00465-00094695-00094967 the entire stack instantly with like
+bM4WsebwSa4-00466-00094968-00095223 hands-on curated labs for both i.t and
+bM4WsebwSa4-00467-00095224-00095455 data scientists so they can again walk
+bM4WsebwSa4-00468-00095456-00095631 out with the blueprints they need to set
+bM4WsebwSa4-00469-00095632-00095791 this up and you know start on a
+bM4WsebwSa4-00470-00095792-00096038 successful ai journey just a position is
+bM4WsebwSa4-00471-00096039-00096262 is launchpad more of a sandbox more of a
+bM4WsebwSa4-00472-00096263-00096455 trait more of a school or more of an
+bM4WsebwSa4-00473-00096456-00096662 actual development environment yeah
+bM4WsebwSa4-00474-00096663-00096959 think of it as uh it's again it's uh
+bM4WsebwSa4-00475-00096960-00097223 it's really for trial like hands-on labs
+bM4WsebwSa4-00476-00097224-00097382 to help people learn all the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00477-00097383-00097591 foundational skills they need to like
+bM4WsebwSa4-00478-00097592-00097750 build an ai practice and get it into
+bM4WsebwSa4-00479-00097751-00097967 production and again uh it's like you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00480-00097968-00098079 don't need to go champion to your
+bM4WsebwSa4-00481-00098080-00098238 executive team that you need access to
+bM4WsebwSa4-00482-00098239-00098503 expensive infrastructure and and you
+bM4WsebwSa4-00483-00098504-00098687 know and bring in red hat to set up
+bM4WsebwSa4-00484-00098688-00098943 openshift uh you just everything's there
+bM4WsebwSa4-00485-00098944-00099118 for you so you can instantly get started
+bM4WsebwSa4-00486-00099119-00099391 uh do kind of a pilot project and then
+bM4WsebwSa4-00487-00099392-00099567 use that to explain to your executive
+bM4WsebwSa4-00488-00099568-00099750 team everything that you need to then go
+bM4WsebwSa4-00489-00099751-00099982 do to get this into production and drive
+bM4WsebwSa4-00490-00099983-00100159 business value for the company all right
+bM4WsebwSa4-00491-00100160-00100279 great stuff guys thanks so much for
+bM4WsebwSa4-00492-00100280-00100431 coming on thecube
+bM4WsebwSa4-00493-00100432-00100535 thank you for hanging out great thank
+bM4WsebwSa4-00494-00100536-00100638 you for watching keep it right there
+bM4WsebwSa4-00495-00100639-00100774 dave vellante and paul gillan we'll be
+bM4WsebwSa4-00496-00100775-00100918 back right after this short break at the
+bM4WsebwSa4-00497-00100919-00101332 red hat summit 2022
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00000-00000008-00000326 why team like wow why not to MITM up no
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00001-00000327-00002377 I'm up how can you make this dream come
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00002-00002378-00004913 to life see how many people you know
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00003-00004914-00005120 what I'm talking about and I don't have
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00004-00005121-00005297 to explain the whole entire summary of
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00005-00005298-00005456 something and they just like immediately
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00006-00005457-00005606 take the thing to something every day
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00007-00005607-00006442 like today where students can come
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00008-00006443-00006605 together celebrate those different
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00009-00006606-00006760 stories talk about the connections
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00010-00006761-00006941 they've made because of that maybe do a
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00011-00006942-00007139 little writing and illustrating meet the
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00012-00007140-00007264 authors who created those stories that
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00013-00007265-00007498 inspired them and try to build some sort
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00014-00007500-00007789 of collective and better future together
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00015-00007790-00007976 and that's a way for students around the
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00016-00007977-00008167 state who might be in a really little
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00017-00008168-00008296 town and might not know that there's
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00018-00008297-00008438 other kids in the state who like to read
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00019-00008439-00008701 like we want them to get their day -
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00020-00008702-00009019 [Music]
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00021-00009020-00009323 very nice to see everybody being there
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00022-00009324-00009569 eating out together it was hard yeah
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00023-00009570-00009817 definitely I think at the very core of
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00024-00009818-00009917 Team MacLeod
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00025-00009918-00010259 it is a space for folks to come together
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00026-00010260-00010745 and celebrate everything my literature
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00027-00010746-00010963 but also to gain new aspects of
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00028-00010964-00011059 community
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00029-00011060-00011305 think globally excited for it to
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00030-00011306-00011539 continue and one of our big hopes which
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00031-00011540-00011746 also feels like a push and equity is
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00032-00011747-00011869 that we really want it to move around
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00033-00011870-00012130 the state I'm so grateful that like team
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00034-00012131-00012250 LaBeouf exists
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00035-00012251-00012397 yeah because we created it but because
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00036-00012398-00012556 all of you come and because all of you
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00037-00012557-00012718 participate and because all of you are
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00038-00012719-00012916 the humans that make it such a beautiful
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00039-00012916-00012996 day
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00040-00012997-00013213 so yeah maybe the idea is really great
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00041-00013213-00013396 but it exists and it drives and it will
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00042-00013397-00013585 continue to exist because of you so
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00043-00013586-00013933 thank you
+bNHLcUeqGPu-00044-00013934-00014356 [Music]
+bOY-54a0cz4-00000-00000888-00001297 follow away
+bOY-54a0cz4-00001-00001298-00001630 [Applause]
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00000-00003855-00004070 let me take you on a trip
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00001-00004071-00007006 let me take you on a ride
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00002-00007008-00008574 let me
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00003-00008575-00009999 me
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00004-00010000-00010214 let me take you on a trip
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00005-00010215-00011638 let me take you on a ride
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00007-00016912-00017127 let me take you on a trip
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00008-00017128-00019319 let me take you on a ride
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00009-00019320-00020863 me
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00011-00026544-00026758 let me take you on a trip
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00012-00026760-00028958 let me take you on a ride
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00013-00028960-00030495 me
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00014-00030495-00031446 me
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00015-00031447-00032687 is
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00016-00032688-00032902 let me take you on a trip
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00017-00032903-00034335 let me take you on a ride
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00018-00034336-00035199 me
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00019-00035200-00036783 oh
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00020-00036784-00038974 so
+bQxdUFOZw-Y-00021-00038975-00039184 you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00000-00000000-00000250 want to make changes to help with the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00001-00000252-00000484 challenge is that CMAC see in the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00002-00000485-00000692 housing that's a big part of our job
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00003-00000693-00000998 being international housing agency Trudy
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00004-00000999-00001208 asked me to come and talk about some of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00005-00001209-00001429 the challenges and needs that we see
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00006-00001430-00001660 that CMAC see so I'm just going to touch
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00007-00001661-00002051 on that quickly just to kind of give you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00008-00002052-00002302 a highlight of what we see I guess the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00009-00002303-00002459 number one is the aging population
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00010-00002460-00002677 there's been a couple references to that
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00011-00002678-00003023 there's no secret that this is already
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00012-00003024-00003224 started and it's only going to get
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00013-00003225-00003425 greater than I just like this graphic
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00014-00003426-00003586 I've seen many graphics with bars
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00015-00003588-00003865 stumped but this just kind of shows how
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00016-00003867-00004172 you know the blue part as we get older
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00017-00004173-00004367 is getting higher as you can see right
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00018-00004368-00004901 now it's over the 52 54 55 to 60 not our
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00019-00004902-00005188 259 is basically the peak of the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00020-00005189-00005395 percentage of the population right now
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00021-00005396-00005585 so obviously that's going to move
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00022-00005586-00005818 forward and we can see a really big
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00023-00005819-00006061 increase in between the blue and the red
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00024-00006062-00006448 the red being 2038 over the ages of 80
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00025-00006450-00006856 to 85 75 to 80 and that's really
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00026-00006858-00007123 significant because what we see in our
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00027-00007125-00007334 lives when we get to that point or we're
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00028-00007334-00007520 going to see an increase of disabilities
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00029-00007520-00007717 we're going to see an increase of needs
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00030-00007718-00007921 that are the housing is going to have to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00031-00007922-00008184 address so this is coming we know it and
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00032-00008186-00008630 we need to have enough housing to to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00033-00008631-00008780 support this problem that's coming
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00034-00008781-00009103 there's no secret about that and we also
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00035-00009104-00009263 know from surveys and this is an
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00036-00009264-00009419 American one but we've done canadian
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00037-00009420-00009608 ones as well but i just found this this
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00038-00009609-00009853 is very simple we people wish to age in
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00039-00009854-00010006 place they wish to stay in their home
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00040-00010007-00010246 and as they get older I mean as we're
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00041-00010247-00010378 younger we tend to want to move around
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00042-00010379-00010520 maybe we haven't found the perfect spot
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00043-00010521-00010796 yet but as we get older more settled and
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00044-00010797-00011038 over the age of 75 it's like ninety-five
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00045-00011039-00011216 percent of the people at age of 75 would
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00046-00011217-00011410 like to stay in their home unfortunately
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00047-00011411-00011627 the reality to that I see it with my
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00048-00011628-00011792 parents now they're not going to be able
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00049-00011793-00011923 to stay in their home
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00050-00011924-00012096 century moments well now I guess it's a
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00051-00012097-00012226 century and a half it's essentially
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00052-00012227-00012448 remodel to work but it's a part of house
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00053-00012449-00012694 and there's no way that they're going to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00054-00012695-00012901 be able to live their golden years I
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00055-00012902-00013171 call it in that hope so then I don't
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00056-00013172-00013291 know it's going to break that news to my
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00057-00013291-00013453 mother it's not going to be happening to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00058-00013454-00013683 me but they're going to they're going to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00059-00013684-00013869 have to move at some point unfortunately
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00060-00013870-00014094 that was what we used to build that is
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00061-00014095-00014224 what we used to do doesn't mean we need
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00062-00014225-00014503 to continue to do that right the other
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00063-00014504-00014838 thing that increases with age and this I
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00064-00014840-00015138 like to remind people when it comes to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00065-00015140-00015363 the challenges that we have mobility is
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00066-00015365-00015532 an issue but that's not the only one we
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00067-00015533-00015799 need as builders and developers think of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00068-00015800-00016102 all the needs and challenges that are
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00069-00016103-00016278 going to challenge us as we get older
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00070-00016279-00016453 and it's going to be cognitive it's
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00071-00016454-00016588 going to be visual we're going to lose
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00072-00016589-00016687 their sight we're going to use our
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00073-00016688-00016966 strength in our dexterity so having
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00074-00016967-00017194 housing that's more friendly to us meat
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00075-00017195-00017407 spread earlier designs like visible but
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00076-00017408-00017515 there's other ones too i'm going to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00077-00017516-00017767 highlight a little bit later universal
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00078-00017768-00017941 design which is designed for everybody
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00079-00017942-00018352 even children to to elderly so as we get
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00080-00018353-00018609 older one in right now at one and one of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00081-00018610-00018793 the thirteen people over the age of 65
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00082-00018794-00019084 will experience dementia and that
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00083-00019085-00019261 increases to one in three over the age
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00084-00019262-00019572 of 85 and i showed you the map of the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00085-00019573-00019705 amount of canadians i'm going to be over
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00086-00019706-00020022 the age of 25 in 20 years so I've seen
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00087-00020023-00020263 stats on the news on TV dementia is
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00088-00020264-00020488 going to double within the next like 10
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00089-00020489-00020856 to 20 years and there's there's ways to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00090-00020857-00021163 how to bet to assist with housing people
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00091-00021164-00021343 with dementia there's little things that
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00092-00021344-00021519 we can do in our houses to assist with
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00093-00021520-00021742 keeping people in the home as long as
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00094-00021743-00021967 possible even even with early stages of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00095-00021968-00022366 dementia the other challenge of time
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00096-00022367-00022561 won't challenges so that we don't think
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00097-00022562-00022687 our first challenge is the aging
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00098-00022688-00022810 population and the challenge
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00099-00022811-00023002 that's bringing the second one is
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00100-00023003-00023218 affordable housing this is a challenge
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00101-00023219-00023470 that we face rain today and I haven't
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00102-00023471-00023668 had a chance to see the details of the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00103-00023669-00023863 budget yesterday but I do know that our
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00104-00023864-00023998 current government was talking a lot
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00105-00023999-00024160 about addressing affordable housing I
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00106-00024161-00024328 don't know what came out of it yet but
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00107-00024329-00024481 we do know we've been watching we're
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00108-00024482-00024703 ready we do know this is a concern today
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00109-00024704-00024952 when I'm showing you here our households
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00110-00024953-00025201 that are in severe housing needs severe
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00111-00025202-00025413 housing need that's not it that's that's
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00112-00025414-00025659 worse than core house means severe is
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00113-00025660-00025852 more than fifty percent there celery has
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00114-00025852-00026092 to go towards the shelter comes as you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00115-00026093-00026347 can see recent immigrants and households
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00116-00026348-00026572 are what is topping the charts in that
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00117-00026573-00026836 area and you do probably have seen the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00118-00026837-00027117 news that our current government is very
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00119-00027118-00027358 committed to bringing in more and more
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00120-00027358-00027583 new Canadians this is something that is
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00121-00027583-00027838 that it's going to it's a it's here it's
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00122-00027839-00028024 what you say we're back we're trying to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00123-00028025-00028210 show the world of Canada's committed to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00124-00028211-00028447 to them helping the refugees this does
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00125-00028448-00028695 create a housing challenge as cmhc we
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00126-00028697-00028837 know what we know that this will create
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00127-00028838-00029017 a house and challenge and affordable
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00128-00029018-00029190 housing and proper housing goes along
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00129-00029191-00029664 with them so we do have information at
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00130-00029666-00030013 CMHC to assist with new newcomers to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00131-00030014-00030246 Canada we call we have an entire section
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00132-00030247-00030430 called newcomers to Canada welcome to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00133-00030431-00030679 Canada it does provide a lot of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00134-00030680-00030915 information for consumers on houghton
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00135-00030916-00031207 because of thinking new new Canadians to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00136-00031208-00031363 Canada they don't know the housing
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00137-00031364-00031507 system they don't know the financial
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00138-00031508-00031675 system they probably don't even know how
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00139-00031676-00032068 to go take out a bay to get a loan they
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00140-00032069-00032248 may not know the details of renting so
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00141-00032249-00032458 we have some information on that and we
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00142-00032458-00032674 also have our information available in
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00143-00032675-00033021 eight different languages for just
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00144-00033022-00033265 showing you this in case it's dealing
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00145-00033266-00033457 with with the new Canadians and speaking
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00146-00033458-00033724 different languages but this leads me to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00147-00033725-00033949 to where I want to talk mostly about and
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00148-00033950-00034162 that is the information that we have for
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00149-00034163-00034473 builders developers architects students
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00150-00034474-00034834 consumers is mostly written around the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00151-00034835-00034887 concept
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00152-00034888-00035295 universal design universal design is
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00153-00035296-00035493 built from seven principles and these
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00154-00035494-00035586 are the principles and they're very
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00155-00035587-00035857 short and they're very personal little
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00156-00035858-00036070 mistake there's tolerance mirror they're
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00157-00036071-00036390 very short simple concepts but it's of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00158-00036391-00036583 stuff that that we need to see in
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00159-00036584-00036843 housing that makes housing user-friendly
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00160-00036844-00036996 for everybody and it took like low
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00161-00036997-00037221 physical effort and equitable use and
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00162-00037222-00037495 simple and intuitive and flexible and
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00163-00037496-00037686 adaptable these are all the things that
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00164-00037687-00038005 universal design is about this isn't
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00165-00038006-00038280 quote from one of the from the visionary
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00166-00038281-00038514 of the universal design and I like this
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00167-00038515-00038670 quote because basically this is what
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00168-00038671-00038874 it's all about it's about making
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00169-00038875-00039114 everyone it's about it's not just about
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00170-00039115-00039261 housing it's not just about the built
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00171-00039262-00039426 environment is about communication is
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00172-00039427-00039604 about products is full of all products I
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00173-00039605-00039814 use these an example of universal design
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00174-00039815-00040132 a lot when it comes to working with
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00175-00040133-00040435 appliances and working with products
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00176-00040436-00040642 like smart TVs anyone have trouble
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00177-00040643-00040848 trying to turn on a smart TV or get to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00178-00040849-00041070 learn channel you think the TV smarter
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00179-00041071-00041280 than you that's not simple and intuitive
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00180-00041281-00041557 I've got into troubles with that looking
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00181-00041558-00041802 after my nieces and nephews in going
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00182-00041803-00042036 into somebody else's house and we're
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00183-00042037-00042229 trying to use the microwave and it's one
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00184-00042230-00042438 of those complex ones and we don't even
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00185-00042439-00042562 know how to turn it on
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00186-00042563-00042799 it's just not simple intuitive so
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00187-00042800-00043057 universal design needs to be implied to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00188-00043058-00043255 to everything and will get light and
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00189-00043256-00043498 it's it's it really benefits people all
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00190-00043499-00043795 ages and hound and truly open talking
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00191-00043796-00044065 about that as well I just want to show
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00192-00044066-00044239 you some pictures of examples of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00193-00044240-00044595 universal design in the form of creating
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00194-00044596-00044821 level entrance waves which is probably
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00195-00044822-00045034 in talking to builders when we talk
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00196-00045035-00045217 about universal design we talk about
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00197-00045218-00045439 visible they'll say the level entrance
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00198-00045440-00045610 ways are one of the biggest challenges
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00199-00045611-00045904 it isn't if it's thought out Alan
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00200-00045905-00046129 mentioned it and use bang on when you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00201-00046130-00046392 start out from scratch from the start
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00202-00046393-00046819 you don't have the same challenges this
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00203-00046820-00047032 slide I used for students we talked to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00204-00047033-00047305 students as much as we can because we're
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00205-00047306-00047752 really trying to that that was that that
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00206-00047753-00047941 unit thera one dimension is slab on
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00207-00047942-00048130 grade we talked about basements today
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00208-00048131-00048313 that's near home camille that project
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00209-00048314-00048508 that's a non-profit housing project for
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00210-00048509-00048766 seniors it's slab on grade you can walk
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00211-00048767-00049018 around that entire project and never
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00212-00049019-00049234 have to take a step and the entire thing
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00213-00049235-00049408 is what i say flats not flat it's
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00214-00049409-00049657 created properly for water something but
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00215-00049658-00049822 i'm just what we show the students there
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00216-00049823-00050026 when you use Universal when you use
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00217-00050027-00050209 level entrance we need to protect the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00218-00050210-00050386 engines way that's one of the messages
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00219-00050387-00050566 there a slab one green go there was a
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00220-00050567-00050800 single-family home we like to chat we
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00221-00050801-00050979 like to show the students of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00222-00050980-00051175 architectural design students these
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00223-00051176-00051337 ideas because they're the ones in the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00224-00051338-00051523 future that are going when I showed you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00225-00051524-00051751 the concepts of universal design you'll
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00226-00051752-00051898 notice they're just concepts that
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00227-00051899-00052029 doesn't tell you how to achieve those
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00228-00052030-00052198 concepts that's left up to the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00229-00052199-00052375 imagination of the designers and the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00230-00052376-00052582 architects and the engineers and if you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00231-00052583-00052750 plant these ideas early they're going to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00232-00052751-00052921 come up with some really creative stuff
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00233-00052922-00053170 in the future on how to do this because
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00234-00053171-00053557 we when we talk today too I used to be
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00235-00053558-00053713 when i started out of school i was
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00236-00053714-00054085 working for a builder we're programmed a
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00237-00054086-00054241 certain way because of the gray hair
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00238-00054241-00054427 we're programming a certain point you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00239-00054428-00054642 start programming kids from the start to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00240-00054644-00054802 think about this stuff you can just
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00241-00054803-00054952 imagine what maybe they're going to come
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00242-00054953-00055195 up with these simple ideas more
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00243-00055196-00055404 to do these concepts and I'm sure
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00244-00055405-00055621 someday they'll sit back and you know we
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00245-00055622-00055842 love hi laughing I'm a little bit of an
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00246-00055844-00056122 energy guy so when I look at old houses
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00247-00056123-00056335 and laugh at that I think you know what
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00248-00056336-00056446 would the builders thinking when they
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00249-00056447-00056653 built houses and put in single pane
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00250-00056654-00056845 windows can you imagine the first time
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00251-00056846-00057007 someone said hey let's do a double pane
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00252-00057008-00057199 window about universe in the cooler than
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00253-00057200-00057412 both was that's too costly we can't do
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00254-00057413-00057705 that now today that's we're topping
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00255-00057707-00057913 triple-pane windows first time to talk
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00256-00057914-00058041 about triple-pane windows that's to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00257-00058042-00058242 Causton we can't do that it's always the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00258-00058244-00058525 first step but once you it becomes part
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00259-00058526-00058767 of the fabric the cost looks away that's
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00260-00058769-00058921 the same type of concept that we're
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00261-00058922-00059104 going to see with this type of thing and
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00262-00059104-00059272 that third one is in London Ontario's
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00263-00059273-00059428 and new developments affordable
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00264-00059429-00059659 affordable housing development john
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00265-00059660-00059902 nicholson is the architect the 100 all
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00266-00059903-00060058 these have in common to the students
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00267-00060059-00060238 they all had level entrance ways but
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00268-00060239-00060579 what i like about them is what I call an
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00269-00060579-00060811 invisible convenience and what I mean by
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00270-00060812-00061003 invisible convenience there's a
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00271-00061004-00061141 convenience there that doesn't really
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00272-00061141-00061420 jump out at you it's just there in the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00273-00061421-00061669 fabric and you don't notice it I wanted
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00274-00061670-00061903 to show this is this is a couple
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00275-00061904-00062067 pictures we are developing some new
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00276-00062069-00062389 material with an architect from Edmonton
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00277-00062390-00062695 on visible on accessible and flexible
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00278-00062696-00062833 and all this new material will be coming
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00279-00062834-00063084 out this year and has written for
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00280-00063085-00063330 builders and developers that want to try
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00281-00063332-00063472 to accomplish this to give them some
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00282-00063473-00063634 ideas these are some of the pictures
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00283-00063635-00063838 what we're showing here that is
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00284-00063839-00063954 invisible house even though they're
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00285-00063955-00064138 stairs the front lots of people like to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00286-00064139-00064348 see stairs but the visible side comes
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00287-00064349-00064479 with a side of the house there's a side
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00288-00064480-00064791 entrance to that on the other project
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00289-00064792-00065011 host there's a rear laneway and the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00290-00065012-00065229 visit of the visible comes Allen showed
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00291-00065230-00065422 that to comes from the back of the house
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00292-00065423-00065638 so it doesn't there's so many different
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00293-00065639-00065791 ways I'm just trying to say there's so
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00294-00065792-00066040 many different ways to achieve this if
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00295-00066041-00066289 we can do it from the get go from the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00296-00066290-00066526 start from planning a new community
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00297-00066527-00066775 planning a new neighborhood before you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00298-00066776-00066925 even decide where the infrastructure
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00299-00066926-00067075 goes where the sewers are going to go
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00300-00067076-00067252 where the where the curbs in the streets
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00301-00067253-00067367 and sidewalks are going
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00302-00067368-00067586 you think about all the design you work
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00303-00067587-00067811 it into the landscape and it's very easy
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00304-00067812-00068234 to do this is that this is what I called
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00305-00068235-00068459 a visible convenience it's there it's
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00306-00068460-00068735 everyone sees it this is what we see
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00307-00068736-00069103 today because this street was built I
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00308-00069104-00069401 don't know maybe in the 70s we didn't
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00309-00069402-00069544 think of this stuff that now when we
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00310-00069545-00069836 have to do because we're still we still
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00311-00069837-00070055 see the disabilities are rising it's
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00312-00070056-00070226 going to rise so we still have to get in
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00313-00070227-00070415 and out of these houses or build other
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00314-00070416-00070676 houses that people you know can live in
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00315-00070677-00070835 but we know what people want an aging
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00316-00070836-00071066 place this is what ends up happening and
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00317-00071067-00071297 I hear stories from people that talk to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00318-00071298-00071534 me about this and they say Jamie you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00319-00071535-00071666 know we don't want to put ramps in our
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00320-00071667-00071938 house because they're ugly and they
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00321-00071939-00072238 devalue my house and this pictures like
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00322-00072239-00072451 this that that that does happen when
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00323-00072452-00072644 unfortunately this is what ends up
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00324-00072645-00072887 happening when we don't build in the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00325-00072888-00073205 beginning and to be Ferris 1970s when I
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00326-00073206-00073541 was in the 80s maybe was there almost 90
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00327-00073542-00073718 am not that old I think I get out of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00328-00073719-00073982 school in the mid 80s I worked for a
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00329-00073983-00074189 custom home builder and that one builder
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00330-00074190-00074465 built very expensive homes in the London
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00331-00074466-00074690 area and one of our big features i
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00332-00074691-00074957 remember was a sunken living room that's
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00333-00074958-00075146 what everybody wanted to something look
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00334-00075147-00075293 I would definitely think about that
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00335-00075294-00075539 today that's the worst design concept
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00336-00075540-00075826 ever one of the worst things they tell
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00337-00075827-00076142 people you can do another inconvenient
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00338-00076143-00076349 are visible I mean of this visible
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00339-00076350-00076547 convenience instead of invisible
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00340-00076548-00076724 convenience one of the worst things you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00341-00076725-00077147 can do is build one step I'd rather see
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00342-00077148-00077366 ten steps than one step because one step
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00343-00077367-00077498 chances are you're not going to see that
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00344-00077499-00077768 stuff and it could cause a serious
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00345-00077769-00078169 injury a smirk order the challenge with
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00346-00078170-00078389 the aging population we're trying to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00347-00078390-00078668 prevent Falls we don't want falls in the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00348-00078669-00078923 house they happen on stairs happening
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00349-00078924-00079205 bathrooms we're doing some really good
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00350-00079206-00079369 research and I say we it's not so you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00351-00079370-00079544 may see but we're helping supported at
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00352-00079545-00079669 University of Toronto
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00353-00079670-00080104 all four bathrooms tuck showers grab
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00354-00080105-00080332 bars that type of thing so there's a lot
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00355-00080333-00080607 of research being done on this correctly
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00356-00080608-00080863 lastly I want to highlight the housing
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00357-00080864-00081121 observer the housing observer is going
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00358-00081122-00081241 to used to be a book it's now gone
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00359-00081242-00081555 online anybody wants to sign up for this
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00360-00081556-00081784 I'll take their business card and I'll
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00361-00081785-00082114 sign you up but it's a it's probably our
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00362-00082115-00082390 flagship resource that we promote to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00363-00082391-00082579 people as you can go there and capture
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00364-00082580-00082837 everything if you want data you can you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00365-00082838-00083011 can go there to find data we can direct
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00366-00083012-00083242 it direction to data charts you can go
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00367-00083243-00083527 there to get information I'll just give
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00368-00083528-00083734 an example when you go there online it's
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00369-00083735-00084022 set up like Pinterest now the pin I was
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00370-00084023-00084184 told it drive I don't magical on
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00371-00084185-00084532 pinterest but their tiles and there's
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00372-00084533-00084673 really see the housing market
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00373-00084674-00084844 information portal of anyone familiar
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00374-00084845-00085068 with our house market information portal
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00375-00085069-00085369 it's kind of if anyone wants data it's a
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00376-00085370-00085567 real cool orem who any can search by
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00377-00085568-00085708 community so you could search by the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00378-00085709-00085939 city of Kitchener senior Waterloo you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00379-00085940-00086164 can search again housing starts with
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00380-00086165-00086338 your cement gene going to housing
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00381-00086339-00086506 conditions it will tell you housing
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00382-00086507-00086671 houses that are been identified in
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00383-00086672-00086914 coronitas based on the census it's based
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00384-00086915-00087163 on census information and the most
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00385-00087164-00087322 current census information we have in
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00386-00087323-00087553 there right now is 2011 but it's in
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00387-00087554-00087901 there you can search houses by if
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00388-00087902-00088117 they're in need of repair and now this
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00389-00088118-00088381 is this is people on census checking off
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00390-00088382-00088540 a box that they feel their houses need a
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00391-00088541-00088774 repair so keep that in mind but one of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00392-00088775-00089023 the ones that we find important are the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00393-00089024-00089209 primary caregiver of the house the age
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00394-00089210-00089431 of them so you can see and the age of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00395-00089432-00089605 the housing stock so you can tell in an
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00396-00089606-00089824 area of the housing stock is very cold
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00397-00089825-00090040 or very new and so anyway there's all
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00398-00090041-00090313 kinds of data in their mid rise these
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00399-00090314-00090451 are just what was there the data took
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00400-00090452-00090598 the snapshot and there's there's
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00401-00090599-00090790 actually the top of newcomers again but
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00402-00090791-00091009 there's over 60 to 100 different tiles
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00403-00091010-00091138 and information
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00404-00091139-00091381 r in there and it changes all the time
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00405-00091382-00091606 and you can subscribe to it and when you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00406-00091607-00091816 subscribe to this you can subscribe you
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00407-00091817-00091942 can go ahead and subscribe and say what
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00408-00091943-00092065 you're interested in and when something
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00409-00092066-00092209 new comes out in that hurry you'll get
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00410-00092210-00092473 an email so if you're interested in
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00411-00092474-00092629 signing up on years of business part of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00412-00092630-00092859 it it just kind of this is our
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00413-00092860-00093088 information that I'm talking about today
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00414-00093089-00093355 that we also have on our website Aging
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00415-00093356-00093547 in Place accessibility adaptive built
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00416-00093548-00093763 adaptable these are the categories if
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00417-00093764-00094132 you were to click on those graphic
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00418-00094133-00094273 symbols than it would take it
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00419-00094274-00094429 information out of those of different
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00420-00094430-00094627 carriers and like I said everything
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00421-00094628-00094774 that's written under agent under those
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00422-00094775-00094987 areas are written to Universal Design
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00423-00094988-00095236 Concepts so lots we have lots of
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00424-00095237-00095427 information to help people get their
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00425-00095428-00095692 buildin renovated because we are dealing
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00426-00095693-00095902 with some doing a lot of existing
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00427-00095903-00096127 conditions are not ideal by the way it
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00428-00096128-00096277 does cost more to renovate out to the
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00429-00096278-00096424 fact that it does to do it the first
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00430-00096425-00096652 time as I think we're trying to
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00431-00096653-00096928 highlight today and then let's say my
+bQUCIFPzmcA-00432-00096929-00097192 presentation
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00000-00000031-00000286 the district Donuts guys have been old
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00001-00000287-00000470 friends of ours we've designed a little
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00002-00000471-00000866 shelf for them to tie a shelf and that
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00003-00000867-00001058 kind of snowballed into a whole
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00004-00001059-00001249 restaurant project and that really was
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00005-00001250-00001751 the catalyst for us Goodwood is a design
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00006-00001752-00001937 of fabrication firm yeah our mission is
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00007-00001938-00002123 really to create high quality furniture
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00008-00002124-00002507 with a sustainably focused process we
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00009-00002508-00002741 take big raw materials and turn them
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00010-00002742-00003010 into smaller things and within that is a
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00011-00003011-00003238 high level of precision you have six
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00012-00003239-00003410 people working in the shop all your tape
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00013-00003411-00003575 measures have to be the same everything
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00014-00003576-00003761 you're making is to fit into everything
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00015-00003761-00003902 else that other person is making
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00016-00003903-00004090 otherwise it's not going to work it's
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00017-00004092-00004220 really something special to see those
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00018-00004221-00004720 pieces of wood come to life when we
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00019-00004721-00004886 started the company the two of us were
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00020-00004887-00005056 designing everything building everything
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00021-00005057-00005254 delivering everything and it got really
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00022-00005255-00005510 difficult so luckily for us as our
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00023-00005511-00005663 projects have gotten more complex we've
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00024-00005664-00005818 become more administrative than playing
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00025-00005819-00006002 a managerial role so one of the big
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00026-00006003-00006172 challenges going from making the
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00027-00006173-00006311 furniture to managing the furniture
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00028-00006312-00006529 being built is really letting go the
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00029-00006530-00006683 realization that you really have to have
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00030-00006684-00006845 is that the people you're bringing on
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00031-00006845-00007034 are better at this than you are and to
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00032-00007034-00007208 trust them and we found that that
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00033-00007209-00007469 produces the best results by far but it
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00034-00007470-00007652 took us a while to get there let's not
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00035-00007653-00007823 sugarcoat this no it was about a year
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00036-00007823-00008006 and a half of us really butting heads on
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00037-00008006-00008267 what are our roles like why are you on
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00038-00008268-00008389 the computer all the time like we have
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00039-00008390-00008596 work to do but having an online presence
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00040-00008597-00008801 making sure you have insurance make sure
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00041-00008802-00008999 you have licenses it's just as important
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00042-00009000-00009256 as producing quality furniture in our
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00043-00009257-00009439 industry sustainability is not a huge
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00044-00009440-00009631 priority what we've done is kind of
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00045-00009632-00009839 focused on using as much of the
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00046-00009840-00010076 materials as possible by 2025 the goal
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00047-00010077-00010277 is to be completely zero waste facility
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00048-00010278-00010520 have every kind of scrap material being
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00049-00010521-00010706 donated or being repurposed or being
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00050-00010707-00010928 reclaimed we plant trees to offset our
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00051-00010929-00011203 lumber usage and also giving back to the
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00052-00011204-00011348 community is the other part of the
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00053-00011349-00011713 sustainability here at Goodwood we've
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00054-00011714-00011989 injected almost $800,000 into the local
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00055-00011990-00012199 economy it's way more than that it's way
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00056-00012200-00012341 more than that's like 1.2 million
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00057-00012342-00012415 dollars
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00058-00012416-00012782 yeah yeah its way it's way more than
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00059-00012783-00012913 that I thought that was including the
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00060-00012914-00013190 the labor cost yeah but that's just part
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00061-00013191-00013358 of it through purchases the vendors
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00062-00013359-00013631 hiring people and collaborating with
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00063-00013632-00013847 other makers in the area and I've that's
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00064-00013847-00014033 been is such a positive impact on the
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00065-00014034-00014207 economy and on the community and
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00066-00014208-00014324 honestly something we didn't really
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00067-00014325-00014494 realize starting the business that would
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00068-00014495-00014638 be such a powerful thing
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00069-00014638-00015799 [Music]
+bSgjLJd-QNY-00070-00015800-00016006 you
+bTHm5btsvyc-00000-00000208-00000390 not much between them african rock
+bTHm5btsvyc-00001-00000391-00000567 is in the yellow and pink further back
+bTHm5btsvyc-00002-00000568-00000799 to gi joe they followed further back
+bTHm5btsvyc-00003-00000800-00001070 by uncle tom in for a penny in toronto
+bTHm5btsvyc-00004-00001071-00001287 quarter meters left to go ideal days in
+bTHm5btsvyc-00005-00001288-00001327 front
+bTHm5btsvyc-00006-00001328-00001543 african rock is second a length away
+bTHm5btsvyc-00007-00001544-00001782 then gr joe that raced away in third
+bTHm5btsvyc-00008-00001784-00001998 after them chocolate he's beaten and
+bTHm5btsvyc-00009-00002000-00002215 then comes in for a penny ideal day
+bTHm5btsvyc-00010-00002216-00002407 african rock not much between them with
+bTHm5btsvyc-00011-00002408-00002550 200 meters left to go
+bTHm5btsvyc-00012-00002551-00002767 ideal day with half a length african
+bTHm5btsvyc-00013-00002768-00002918 rock is right there second
+bTHm5btsvyc-00014-00002919-00003206 then comes gia joe ideal day african
+bTHm5btsvyc-00015-00003207-00003454 rock not much between them ideal day
+bTHm5btsvyc-00016-00003455-00003775 african rock ideal day african rockets
+bTHm5btsvyc-00017-00003776-00003895 very close
+bTHm5btsvyc-00018-00003896-00004191 very very close come and catch him he's
+bTHm5btsvyc-00019-00004192-00004422 clear here by a few lefts a prominent
+bTHm5btsvyc-00020-00004423-00004647 second trindle vault and down the inside
+bTHm5btsvyc-00021-00004648-00004775 is our achilles
+bTHm5btsvyc-00022-00004776-00004999 euro storm's got five lens to make up
+bTHm5btsvyc-00023-00005000-00005175 and chip off the old block has got six
+bTHm5btsvyc-00024-00005176-00005327 or seven to go
+bTHm5btsvyc-00025-00005328-00005551 going down to the last 450 meters and
+bTHm5btsvyc-00026-00005552-00005702 still african rock by
+bTHm5btsvyc-00027-00005703-00005943 two lens from crindle vault euros storm
+bTHm5btsvyc-00028-00005944-00006143 begins to pick up up the center
+bTHm5btsvyc-00029-00006144-00006343 achilles is down there inside and
+bTHm5btsvyc-00030-00006344-00006559 further back to triple the old block
+bTHm5btsvyc-00031-00006559-00006831 280 to go in african rock clear violence
+bTHm5btsvyc-00032-00006831-00007006 and half our killings down the inside
+bTHm5btsvyc-00033-00007008-00007206 then eurostorm and grindelwald
+bTHm5btsvyc-00034-00007208-00007391 african rock being kept to the task
+bTHm5btsvyc-00035-00007392-00007614 achilles is down the inside now making a
+bTHm5btsvyc-00036-00007615-00007703 race of it
+bTHm5btsvyc-00037-00007704-00007910 african rock is joined by our killis
+bTHm5btsvyc-00038-00007911-00008023 inside the final
+bTHm5btsvyc-00039-00008023-00008207 but african rock is finding a little bit
+bTHm5btsvyc-00040-00008208-00008439 more and african rock one at fire neck
+bTHm5btsvyc-00041-00008440-00008559 from our achilles
+bTHm5btsvyc-00042-00008560-00008767 third got tied between euros storm and
+bTHm5btsvyc-00043-00008768-00008967 grim lazarus tree in the second movie
+bTHm5btsvyc-00044-00008968-00009014 magic
+bTHm5btsvyc-00045-00009015-00009271 is third in behind that is profit ratio
+bTHm5btsvyc-00046-00009272-00009446 an agenda still five lengths to track
+bTHm5btsvyc-00047-00009447-00009574 don't gonna fly
+bTHm5btsvyc-00048-00009575-00009727 he's under the pump at the top of the
+bTHm5btsvyc-00049-00009728-00009871 straight and further back to desert
+bTHm5btsvyc-00050-00009872-00010055 sunset homewood bound 400 to go an
+bTHm5btsvyc-00051-00010056-00010159 african rock
+bTHm5btsvyc-00052-00010160-00010367 still let this two lens from lazarus
+bTHm5btsvyc-00053-00010368-00010559 tree moved up towards his inside then
+bTHm5btsvyc-00054-00010560-00010735 movie magic on the outside of hidden
+bTHm5btsvyc-00055-00010736-00010831 agenda
+bTHm5btsvyc-00056-00010832-00010974 further back in the field is profit
+bTHm5btsvyc-00057-00010975-00011231 ratio gonna fly he's got five to make up
+bTHm5btsvyc-00058-00011232-00011431 and desert sunset but african rock with
+bTHm5btsvyc-00059-00011432-00011535 200 to go
+bTHm5btsvyc-00060-00011536-00011767 continues to roll yeah from lazarus tree
+bTHm5btsvyc-00061-00011768-00011935 and behind that hidden agenda but it's
+bTHm5btsvyc-00062-00011936-00012055 still african rock
+bTHm5btsvyc-00063-00012056-00012255 that led them into the final 50 meters
+bTHm5btsvyc-00064-00012256-00012455 from the hidden agenda in second
+bTHm5btsvyc-00065-00012456-00012631 and african rock beat hidden agenda
+bTHm5btsvyc-00066-00012632-00012984 gonna be tight for third
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00000-00000008-00000271 today i had a question that was posed to
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00001-00000272-00000303 me
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00002-00000304-00000607 specifically about like where am i on my
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00003-00000608-00000807 24 hour shift essentially so like what
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00004-00000808-00000991 am i doing am i in the doctor's lounge
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00005-00000992-00001039 am i
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00006-00001040-00001319 in my own office space um so that is
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00007-00001320-00001671 what this video is going to be about
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00008-00001672-00001879 i'm doing my dance don't mind me i'm
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00009-00001880-00001975 doing my dance
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00010-00001976-00002142 what's up you guys alright so we are
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00011-00002143-00002334 back um the video
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00012-00002335-00002687 question was posed to me um by
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00013-00002688-00002942 chan uh i don't know how to pronounce
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00014-00002943-00002999 the last name
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00015-00003000-00003158 but i'm gonna have the question up for
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00016-00003159-00003335 you to read with me okay so it says
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00017-00003336-00003567 question do you have your own office
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00018-00003568-00003799 at work in the hospital can you hang out
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00019-00003800-00003935 in the doctor's lounge so
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00020-00003936-00004159 kind of like a two-part question or two
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00021-00004160-00004270 questions in one
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00022-00004271-00004606 um but uh yeah so no
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00023-00004607-00004815 i don't have like my well i wouldn't
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00024-00004816-00004975 really call it my office
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00025-00004976-00005263 um i guess it is kind of our office
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00026-00005264-00005391 because we do
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00027-00005392-00005727 have like a desk in that area um
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00028-00005728-00005991 but no we do have our own space and it's
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00029-00005992-00006038 not like
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00030-00006039-00006231 my own space because i share it with
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00031-00006232-00006422 like the other colleagues that work with
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00032-00006423-00006510 me because
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00033-00006511-00006823 on my 24 hour shift there are typically
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00034-00006823-00006991 three pas that are doing
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00035-00006992-00007198 trauma and acute care surgery so we're
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00036-00007200-00007342 covering trauma
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00037-00007343-00007606 general surgery and vascular surgery in
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00038-00007608-00007767 a 24-hour shift
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00039-00007768-00007983 so because there's three of us there are
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00040-00007984-00008127 three different call rooms that we will
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00041-00008128-00008199 be in
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00042-00008200-00008399 each call room is different there's a
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00043-00008400-00008559 call room that i'm typically
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00044-00008560-00008791 in um because that's the call room that
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00045-00008792-00008967 i was in when i started as a general
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00046-00008968-00009078 surgery pa
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00047-00009079-00009383 um slash cross training and trauma but
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00048-00009384-00009703 yeah so i do have like my own officey
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00049-00009704-00010014 space um in terms of
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00050-00010015-00010263 i have a desk and a computer there and
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00051-00010264-00010446 so like paper and stuff that you would
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00052-00010447-00010606 have in an office space
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00053-00010607-00010823 but beyond that we have a place for us
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00054-00010824-00010919 to sleep
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00055-00010920-00011255 and eat um and a place where our
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00056-00011256-00011423 lockers are where we put all of our
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00057-00011424-00011646 items because we are in the hospital for
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00058-00011647-00011751 24 hours
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00059-00011752-00012110 all right so this is
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00060-00012111-00012431 the bathroom so here we have the
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00061-00012432-00012503 bathroom
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00062-00012504-00012807 really simple um this
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00063-00012808-00013119 little thing right here uh is
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00064-00013119-00013479 actually um like a
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00065-00013480-00013894 shower so i believe like you can like
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00066-00013895-00014279 turn like these knobs right here
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00067-00014280-00014622 and right here and put the shower on uh
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00068-00014623-00014807 don't do that though because i think
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00069-00014808-00014983 it's kind of gross to like just shower
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00070-00014984-00015086 in here so
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00071-00015087-00015263 there is a shower that we do have
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00072-00015263-00015422 outside of the room
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00073-00015423-00015807 um across the hall that you can use um
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00074-00015808-00016086 so we have that um this right here is
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00075-00016087-00016271 actually our little like
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00076-00016272-00016455 closet that we keep all of our supplies
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00077-00016456-00016639 because we do have like a lot of like
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00078-00016640-00016822 emergent things that we may have to do
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00079-00016823-00016950 we can get called
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00080-00016951-00017239 for in the night so we have like you
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00081-00017240-00017303 know
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00082-00017304-00017655 different types of catheter trays
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00083-00017656-00018022 so like different lines
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00084-00018023-00018383 right and
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00085-00018384-00018591 catheter trays i don't know if you can
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00086-00018592-00018758 see
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00087-00018759-00019243 this but
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00088-00019244-00019558 catheters and these are
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00089-00019559-00019799 you know like all of our various
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00090-00019800-00020391 different things that we have here
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00091-00020392-00020830 gowns and such right
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00092-00020831-00021086 just some more things here that we'll
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00093-00021087-00021255 use from time to time
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00094-00021256-00021503 i have some tape obviously like we need
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00095-00021504-00021583 tape for
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00096-00021584-00021767 there's different stuff and then this is
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00097-00021768-00021967 like all of our lidocaine because
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00098-00021968-00022278 we use like lidocaine for all of our
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00099-00022279-00022478 various different procedures like chest
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00100-00022479-00022663 tubes and central lines and things like
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00101-00022664-00022863 that that we may be putting in so
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00102-00022864-00023319 we do have that um but yeah this is our
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00103-00023320-00023639 our little closet that of goodies
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00104-00023640-00024142 i guess you can call it so that is that
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00105-00024143-00024519 this is the actual room
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00106-00024520-00024911 my computer where i'm actually like
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00107-00024912-00025167 gonna get some work done shortly for all
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00108-00025168-00025294 of our things
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00109-00025295-00025567 um and then this bed actually this is
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00110-00025568-00025662 where like
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00111-00025663-00025918 when the residents would stay like kind
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00112-00025919-00026127 of with us they would sleep here
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00113-00026127-00026479 um at night and we're like on the bed
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00114-00026480-00026783 uh i've never been in that position but
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00115-00026783-00027095 this was like before our whole merger of
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00116-00027095-00027262 teams to become like an acute care
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00117-00027263-00027423 surgery team when it was just general
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00118-00027424-00027487 surgery
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00119-00027488-00027662 they would sleep there and we would
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00120-00027663-00027902 sleep on the bed over there
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00121-00027904-00028039 well this is bad we have like two
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00122-00028039-00028143 computers we usually have three
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00123-00028144-00028262 computers in the room
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00124-00028263-00028599 um but have two computers a little fan
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00125-00028600-00028783 because sometimes it gets hot in here
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00126-00028783-00029095 um here's the microwave so there's
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00127-00029095-00029262 always like
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00128-00029263-00029527 like little you know things that we have
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00129-00029527-00029646 in here so
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00130-00029647-00030031 the sugar some supplies and there's
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00131-00030032-00030102 always
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00132-00030103-00030431 a secret statue of candy down here
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00133-00030432-00030758 so fridge
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00134-00030760-00031023 and you guys saw that's my meal prep
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00135-00031024-00031270 that i showed you all this morning
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00136-00031272-00031783 my water is frozen up there in
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00137-00031783-00032127 here this is mine so
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00138-00032127-00032470 put that over there and
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00139-00032472-00032614 then you know you gotta have like a
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00140-00032616-00032831 keurig everybody has a carrot so we have
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00141-00032832-00032951 like
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00142-00032952-00033199 coffee here for those coffee drinkers i
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00143-00033200-00033407 know there are lots of you that
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00144-00033408-00033662 need coffee i don't drink coffee so i
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00145-00033663-00033879 have my tea
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00146-00033880-00034143 apart from that can we stay in the
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00147-00034144-00034255 doctor's lounge
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00148-00034256-00034446 yes we can we can go down in the
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00149-00034447-00034559 doctor's lounge
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00150-00034560-00034759 the doctor's lounge is downstairs in our
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00151-00034760-00034887 particular hospital
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00152-00034888-00035143 close to the operating room it's there
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00153-00035144-00035207 because
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00154-00035208-00035367 and it's close to the cafeteria as well
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00155-00035368-00035495 because you know our physicians are
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00156-00035496-00035630 coming in and then
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00157-00035631-00035774 you know maybe they go and eat and then
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00158-00035775-00035983 they do their dictations or they just
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00159-00035984-00036159 did surgery and they come in they do
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00160-00036160-00036343 their dictations there as well
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00161-00036344-00036543 um can i stay there yeah it's like open
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00162-00036544-00036751 it's open to us as pas
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00163-00036752-00036990 and the residents as well and then
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00164-00036991-00037183 you're just general physicians and the
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00165-00037184-00037279 nps
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00166-00037280-00037535 however i mean why would i i don't want
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00167-00037536-00037727 to i mean in the doctor's lounge like
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00168-00037728-00038055 it's just like the coffee machine and
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00169-00038056-00038118 you know
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00170-00038119-00038383 like water and drinks and stuff and then
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00171-00038384-00038615 a bunch of computers it's not like
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00172-00038616-00038807 your own like comfortable space where
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00173-00038808-00038943 you can just kind of be sitting down
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00174-00038944-00039151 like i can sit down on my bed if i want
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00175-00039152-00039495 i can sit down on the couch in my
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00176-00039496-00039718 call room if i want i can lay out
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00177-00039719-00039951 wherever and just be in my own space
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00178-00039952-00040174 and have my own time to myself so
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00179-00040175-00040415 typically when i'm doing like my call
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00180-00040416-00040671 i'm upstairs in my call room if i'm not
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00181-00040672-00040830 like running around on the floor
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00182-00040831-00041079 trying to check on patients or you know
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00183-00041080-00041158 doing
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00184-00041159-00041495 a consult or you know running a trauma
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00185-00041496-00041687 so that is essentially like what i'm
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00186-00041688-00041862 doing so that's where we're at
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00187-00041863-00042215 on our 24 hour shift and yes i can
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00188-00042216-00042399 be in the the doctor's lounge but i
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00189-00042400-00042527 don't want to so
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00190-00042528-00042727 thank you so much for that question um
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00191-00042728-00042927 great question please continue to leave
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00192-00042928-00043055 your questions and comments in the
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00193-00043056-00043262 comment section below subscribe
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00194-00043263-00043423 like this video and follow me on
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00195-00043424-00043607 instagram at on the pa thank you guys
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00196-00043608-00043790 i'll talk to you guys next time
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00197-00043791-00044451 bye i don't know i didn't like that one
+bUB6v19Yn8c-00198-00044452-00044752 bye
+bVdE75XNSJI-00000-00000096-00000318 the andaman and nicobar islands one of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00001-00000319-00000551 the seven union territories of india are
+bVdE75XNSJI-00002-00000552-00000711 a group of islands at the juncture of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00003-00000712-00001007 the bay of bengal and andaman sea
+bVdE75XNSJI-00004-00001008-00001374 the territory is 150 kilometers 93 miles
+bVdE75XNSJI-00005-00001375-00001607 north of aceh in indonesia and separated
+bVdE75XNSJI-00006-00001607-00001823 from thailand and myanmar burma by the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00007-00001823-00001975 andaman sea
+bVdE75XNSJI-00008-00001976-00002175 it comprises two island groups the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00009-00002176-00002407 andaman islands and the nicobar islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00010-00002408-00002583 separated by the 10 degrees north
+bVdE75XNSJI-00011-00002584-00002767 parallel with the andamans to the north
+bVdE75XNSJI-00012-00002768-00002966 of this latitude and the nicobars to the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00013-00002967-00003295 south or by 179 kilometres
+bVdE75XNSJI-00014-00003296-00003495 the andaman sea lies to the east and the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00015-00003496-00003743 bay of bengal to the west
+bVdE75XNSJI-00016-00003744-00003959 the territory's capital is the city of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00017-00003960-00004215 port blair the total land area of these
+bVdE75XNSJI-00018-00004216-00004443 islands is approximately
+bVdE75XNSJI-00019-00004444-00004731 8249 square kilometres
+bVdE75XNSJI-00020-00004732-00004991 3185 square miles
+bVdE75XNSJI-00021-00004992-00005215 the capital of nicobar islands is car
+bVdE75XNSJI-00022-00005216-00005470 nicobar the islands host the andaman and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00023-00005471-00005702 nicobar command the only tri-service
+bVdE75XNSJI-00024-00005703-00005902 geographical command of the indian armed
+bVdE75XNSJI-00025-00005903-00006054 forces
+bVdE75XNSJI-00026-00006055-00006222 the andaman islands are home to the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00027-00006223-00006422 sentinelese people and uncontacted
+bVdE75XNSJI-00028-00006423-00006527 people
+bVdE75XNSJI-00029-00006528-00006710 the sentinelese are the only people
+bVdE75XNSJI-00030-00006711-00006863 currently known to not have reached
+bVdE75XNSJI-00031-00006864-00007039 further than a paleolithic level of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00032-00007040-00007534 technology
+bVdE75XNSJI-00033-00007536-00007967 history
+bVdE75XNSJI-00034-00007968-00008399 topic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00035-00008400-00008855 first inhabitants
+bVdE75XNSJI-00036-00008856-00008991 topic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00037-00008992-00009191 the earliest archaeological evidence
+bVdE75XNSJI-00038-00009192-00009495 documents some 2200 years
+bVdE75XNSJI-00039-00009496-00009719 however genetic and cultural studies
+bVdE75XNSJI-00040-00009720-00009919 suggest that the indigenous andamanese
+bVdE75XNSJI-00041-00009920-00010110 people may have been isolated from other
+bVdE75XNSJI-00042-00010111-00010246 populations during the middle
+bVdE75XNSJI-00043-00010247-00010591 paleolithic which ended 30 000 years ago
+bVdE75XNSJI-00044-00010592-00010767 since that time the andamanese have
+bVdE75XNSJI-00045-00010768-00010967 diversified into linguistically and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00046-00010968-00011287 culturally distinct territorial groups
+bVdE75XNSJI-00047-00011288-00011478 the nicobar islands appear to have been
+bVdE75XNSJI-00048-00011479-00011663 populated by people of various
+bVdE75XNSJI-00049-00011664-00011799 backgrounds
+bVdE75XNSJI-00050-00011800-00012006 by the time of european contact the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00051-00012007-00012199 indigenous inhabitants had coalesced
+bVdE75XNSJI-00052-00012200-00012414 into the nicobaresi people speaking a
+bVdE75XNSJI-00053-00012415-00012623 mankind language and the champan whose
+bVdE75XNSJI-00054-00012624-00012886 language is of uncertain affiliation
+bVdE75XNSJI-00055-00012887-00013094 both are unrelated to the andamanese but
+bVdE75XNSJI-00056-00013095-00013238 being closely related to the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00057-00013240-00013463 austroasiatic languages in mainland
+bVdE75XNSJI-00058-00013463-00013951 southeast asia
+bVdE75XNSJI-00059-00013952-00014575 chola empire period
+bVdE75XNSJI-00060-00014576-00014794 regendra chola the first
+bVdE75XNSJI-00061-00014795-00015047 1014-1042 a.d used the andaman and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00062-00015047-00015271 nicobar islands as a strategic naval
+bVdE75XNSJI-00063-00015272-00015455 base to launch an expedition against the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00064-00015456-00015727 sriwijaya empire indonesia
+bVdE75XNSJI-00065-00015728-00015886 the chola is called the island ma
+bVdE75XNSJI-00066-00015887-00016207 nakhivaram great open naked land
+bVdE75XNSJI-00067-00016208-00016383 found in the thanjavur inscription of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00068-00016384-00016535 1050 a.d
+bVdE75XNSJI-00069-00016536-00016815 european traveler marco polo 12 13th
+bVdE75XNSJI-00070-00016816-00017063 century also referred to this island as
+bVdE75XNSJI-00071-00017064-00017327 nekhevaran and a corrupted form of the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00072-00017328-00017519 tamil name nakavaram would have led to
+bVdE75XNSJI-00073-00017520-00017686 the modern name nicobar during the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00074-00017687-00018214 british colonial period
+bVdE75XNSJI-00075-00018215-00018807 danish colonial period and british rule
+bVdE75XNSJI-00076-00018808-00018950 topic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00077-00018951-00019135 the history of organized european
+bVdE75XNSJI-00078-00019136-00019358 colonization on the islands began when
+bVdE75XNSJI-00079-00019359-00019535 settlers from the danish east india
+bVdE75XNSJI-00080-00019536-00019735 company arrived in the nicobar islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00081-00019736-00020047 on the 12th of december 1755.
+bVdE75XNSJI-00082-00020048-00020399 on the 1st of january 1756 the nicobar
+bVdE75XNSJI-00083-00020400-00020607 islands were made a danish colony first
+bVdE75XNSJI-00084-00020608-00020814 named new denmark and later december
+bVdE75XNSJI-00085-00020815-00021175 1756 fredericks islands fredericksorn
+bVdE75XNSJI-00086-00021176-00021363 during
+bVdE75XNSJI-00087-00021364-00021591 1754-1756 they were administrated from
+bVdE75XNSJI-00088-00021592-00021894 tranquiber in continental danish india
+bVdE75XNSJI-00089-00021895-00022086 the islands were repeatedly abandoned
+bVdE75XNSJI-00090-00022087-00022286 due to outbreaks of malaria between the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00091-00022287-00022607 14th of april 1759 and the 19th of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00092-00022608-00023199 august 1768 from 1787 to 1807 o5 1814 to
+bVdE75XNSJI-00093-00023200-00023403 1831
+bVdE75XNSJI-00094-00023404-00023727 1830-1834 and gradually from 1848 for
+bVdE75XNSJI-00095-00023728-00024135 goode from the 1st of june 1770
+bVdE75XNSJI-00096-00024136-00024367 austria mistakenly assumed that denmark
+bVdE75XNSJI-00097-00024368-00024567 had abandoned its claims to the nicobar
+bVdE75XNSJI-00098-00024568-00024742 islands and attempted to establish a
+bVdE75XNSJI-00099-00024743-00024950 colony on them renaming them thorazia
+bVdE75XNSJI-00100-00024951-00025222 islands in 1789 the british set up a
+bVdE75XNSJI-00101-00025223-00025447 naval base and penal colony on chatham
+bVdE75XNSJI-00102-00025448-00025639 island next to great andaman where now
+bVdE75XNSJI-00103-00025639-00025855 lies the town of port blair
+bVdE75XNSJI-00104-00025856-00026062 two years later the colony was moved to
+bVdE75XNSJI-00105-00026063-00026262 port cornwallis on great andaman but it
+bVdE75XNSJI-00106-00026263-00026646 was abandoned in 1796 due to disease
+bVdE75XNSJI-00107-00026647-00026846 denmark's presence in the territory
+bVdE75XNSJI-00108-00026847-00027083 ended formally on the 16th of october
+bVdE75XNSJI-00109-00027083-00027302 1868 when it sold the rights to the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00110-00027304-00027502 nicobar islands to britain which made
+bVdE75XNSJI-00111-00027504-00027935 them part of british india in 1869.
+bVdE75XNSJI-00112-00027936-00028207 in 1858 the british again established a
+bVdE75XNSJI-00113-00028208-00028407 colony at port blair which proved to be
+bVdE75XNSJI-00114-00028408-00028551 more permanent
+bVdE75XNSJI-00115-00028552-00028743 the primary purpose was to set up a
+bVdE75XNSJI-00116-00028744-00028951 penal colony for criminal convicts from
+bVdE75XNSJI-00117-00028952-00029135 the indian subcontinent
+bVdE75XNSJI-00118-00029136-00029335 the colony came to include the infamous
+bVdE75XNSJI-00119-00029336-00029511 cellular jail
+bVdE75XNSJI-00120-00029512-00029823 in 1872 the andaman and nicobar islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00121-00029824-00029999 were united under a single chief
+bVdE75XNSJI-00122-00030000-00030527 commissioner at port blair
+bVdE75XNSJI-00123-00030527-00031118 world war ii
+bVdE75XNSJI-00124-00031119-00031335 during world war ii the islands were
+bVdE75XNSJI-00125-00031336-00031558 practically under japanese control only
+bVdE75XNSJI-00126-00031560-00031718 nominally under the authority of the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00127-00031719-00031943 arzi hukumate azad hind of subhash
+bVdE75XNSJI-00128-00031944-00032095 chandra bose
+bVdE75XNSJI-00129-00032095-00032302 bose visited the islands during the war
+bVdE75XNSJI-00130-00032303-00032439 and renamed them as
+bVdE75XNSJI-00131-00032439-00032590 shahid dweep
+bVdE75XNSJI-00132-00032591-00032902 martyr island and swaraj dweep
+bVdE75XNSJI-00133-00032903-00033111 self-rule island
+bVdE75XNSJI-00134-00033112-00033295 general loganathan of the indian
+bVdE75XNSJI-00135-00033296-00033479 national army was made the governor of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00136-00033480-00033718 the andaman and nicobar islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00137-00033719-00034062 on the 22nd of february 1944 he along
+bVdE75XNSJI-00138-00034063-00034246 with four aina officers
+bVdE75XNSJI-00139-00034247-00034527 major mansoor ali alvi sub
+bVdE75XNSJI-00140-00034528-00034823 lieutenant md iqbal lieutenant subba
+bVdE75XNSJI-00141-00034824-00035079 singh and stenographer srinivasan
+bVdE75XNSJI-00142-00035080-00035271 arrived at lambolin airport in port
+bVdE75XNSJI-00143-00035272-00035374 blair
+bVdE75XNSJI-00144-00035375-00035646 on the 21st of march 1944 the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00145-00035647-00035846 headquarters of the civil administration
+bVdE75XNSJI-00146-00035847-00036039 was established near the gurudwara at
+bVdE75XNSJI-00147-00036040-00036199 aberdeen bazaar
+bVdE75XNSJI-00148-00036200-00036518 on the 2nd of october 1944 call
+bVdE75XNSJI-00149-00036519-00036790 loganathon handed over the charge to maj
+bVdE75XNSJI-00150-00036791-00037046 alveon left port blair never to return
+bVdE75XNSJI-00151-00037047-00037327 japanese vice admiral haritizo and major
+bVdE75XNSJI-00152-00037328-00037535 general tamanori sato surrendered the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00153-00037536-00037767 islands to brigadier j.a salomons
+bVdE75XNSJI-00154-00037768-00038030 commander of 116th indian infantry
+bVdE75XNSJI-00155-00038031-00038287 brigade and chief administrator mr noel
+bVdE75XNSJI-00156-00038288-00038527 k patterson indian civil service on the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00157-00038528-00038839 7th of october 1945 in a ceremony
+bVdE75XNSJI-00158-00038840-00039030 performed on the gymkhana ground port
+bVdE75XNSJI-00159-00039031-00039462 blair
+bVdE75XNSJI-00160-00039463-00039927 post-independence
+bVdE75XNSJI-00161-00039928-00040062 topic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00162-00040063-00040259 during the independence of both india
+bVdE75XNSJI-00163-00040260-00040599 1947 and burma 1948 the departing
+bVdE75XNSJI-00164-00040600-00040767 british announced their intention to
+bVdE75XNSJI-00165-00040768-00040927 resettle all anglo-indians and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00166-00040928-00041127 anglo-burmese on these islands to form
+bVdE75XNSJI-00167-00041128-00041279 their own nation although this never
+bVdE75XNSJI-00168-00041280-00041439 materialized
+bVdE75XNSJI-00169-00041440-00041711 it became part of india in 1950 and was
+bVdE75XNSJI-00170-00041712-00041902 declared as a union territory of the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00171-00041903-00042151 nation in 1956. india has been
+bVdE75XNSJI-00172-00042152-00042343 developing defence facilities on the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00173-00042344-00042574 island since the 1980s
+bVdE75XNSJI-00174-00042575-00042774 the islands now have a key position in
+bVdE75XNSJI-00175-00042775-00042951 india's strategic role in the bay of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00176-00042952-00043511 bengal and the malacca strait
+bVdE75XNSJI-00177-00043512-00044062 2004 asian tsunami
+bVdE75XNSJI-00178-00044063-00044207 topic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00179-00044208-00044518 on the 26th of december 2004 the coasts
+bVdE75XNSJI-00180-00044519-00044711 of the andaman and nicobar islands were
+bVdE75XNSJI-00181-00044712-00044967 devastated by a 10 metres 33 feet
+bVdE75XNSJI-00182-00044968-00045158 massive tsunami following the undersea
+bVdE75XNSJI-00183-00045159-00045374 earthquake off indian ocean
+bVdE75XNSJI-00184-00045375-00045607 more than 2 000 people lost their lives
+bVdE75XNSJI-00185-00045608-00045823 more than 4 000 children were orphaned
+bVdE75XNSJI-00186-00045824-00046023 or suffered the loss of one parent and a
+bVdE75XNSJI-00187-00046024-00046239 minimum of 40 000 people were rendered
+bVdE75XNSJI-00188-00046240-00046358 homeless
+bVdE75XNSJI-00189-00046359-00046655 more than 46 000 people were injured the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00190-00046656-00046855 worst affected nicobar islands were
+bVdE75XNSJI-00191-00046856-00047046 cachel and indira point the latter
+bVdE75XNSJI-00192-00047047-00047423 subsided 4.25 metres 13.9 feet and was
+bVdE75XNSJI-00193-00047424-00047655 partially submerged in the ocean
+bVdE75XNSJI-00194-00047656-00047839 the lighthouse at indira point was
+bVdE75XNSJI-00195-00047840-00048135 damaged but has been repaired since then
+bVdE75XNSJI-00196-00048136-00048343 the territory lost a large amount of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00197-00048344-00048567 area which is now submerged
+bVdE75XNSJI-00198-00048568-00048827 the territory which was at indian states
+bVdE75XNSJI-00199-00048828-00049083 8073 square kilometres
+bVdE75XNSJI-00200-00049084-00049567 3107 square miles is now at 7 950 square
+bVdE75XNSJI-00201-00049568-00049855 kilometers 3070 square miles while
+bVdE75XNSJI-00202-00049856-00050015 locals and tourists of the islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00203-00050016-00050190 suffered the greatest casualties from
+bVdE75XNSJI-00204-00050191-00050383 the tsunami most of the aboriginal
+bVdE75XNSJI-00205-00050384-00050590 people survived because oral traditions
+bVdE75XNSJI-00206-00050591-00050790 passed down from generations ago warned
+bVdE75XNSJI-00207-00050791-00050983 them to evacuate from large waves that
+bVdE75XNSJI-00208-00050984-00051463 follow large earthquakes
+bVdE75XNSJI-00209-00051464-00052126 topic geography
+bVdE75XNSJI-00210-00052127-00052430 there are 572 islands in the territory
+bVdE75XNSJI-00211-00052432-00052611 having an area of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00212-00052612-00052899 8249 square kilometres
+bVdE75XNSJI-00213-00052900-00053159 3185 square miles
+bVdE75XNSJI-00214-00053160-00053366 of these about 38 are permanently
+bVdE75XNSJI-00215-00053367-00053623 inhabited the islands extend from 6
+bVdE75XNSJI-00216-00053624-00053871 degrees to 14 degrees north latitudes
+bVdE75XNSJI-00217-00053872-00054142 and from 92 degrees to 94 degrees east
+bVdE75XNSJI-00218-00054144-00054279 longitudes
+bVdE75XNSJI-00219-00054279-00054447 the andamans are separated from the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00220-00054448-00054694 nicobar group by a channel the 10 degree
+bVdE75XNSJI-00221-00054695-00055030 channel some 150 kilometers 93 miles
+bVdE75XNSJI-00222-00055032-00055135 wide
+bVdE75XNSJI-00223-00055136-00055335 the highest point is located in north
+bVdE75XNSJI-00224-00055336-00055707 andaman island saddle peak at 732 meters
+bVdE75XNSJI-00225-00055708-00055903 2402 ft
+bVdE75XNSJI-00226-00055904-00056223 the andaman group has 325 islands which
+bVdE75XNSJI-00227-00056224-00056403 cover an area of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00228-00056404-00056675 6170 square kilometers
+bVdE75XNSJI-00229-00056676-00056950 2382 square miles while the nicobar
+bVdE75XNSJI-00230-00056951-00057254 group has only 247 islands with an area
+bVdE75XNSJI-00231-00057255-00057379 of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00232-00057379-00057863 1765 square kilometers 681 square miles
+bVdE75XNSJI-00233-00057864-00058087 the capital of the union territory port
+bVdE75XNSJI-00234-00058088-00058291 blair is located
+bVdE75XNSJI-00235-00058291-00058715 1255 kilometers 780 miles from kolkata
+bVdE75XNSJI-00236-00058716-00059054 1200 kilometers 750 miles from
+bVdE75XNSJI-00237-00059055-00059219 visakhapatnam and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00238-00059220-00059671 1190 kilometers 740 miles from chennai
+bVdE75XNSJI-00239-00059672-00059847 the northernmost point of the andaman
+bVdE75XNSJI-00240-00059848-00060230 and nicobars group is 901 kilometres 560
+bVdE75XNSJI-00241-00060232-00060423 miles away from the mouth of the hoogley
+bVdE75XNSJI-00242-00060424-00060775 river and 190 kilometers 120 miles from
+bVdE75XNSJI-00243-00060776-00060903 myanmar
+bVdE75XNSJI-00244-00060904-00061215 indira point at 6 degrees 45 minutes 10
+bVdE75XNSJI-00245-00061216-00061511 seconds north and 93 degrees 49 minutes
+bVdE75XNSJI-00246-00061512-00061735 36 seconds east at the southern tip of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00247-00061736-00061966 the southernmost island great nicobar is
+bVdE75XNSJI-00248-00061967-00062175 the southernmost point of india and lies
+bVdE75XNSJI-00249-00062176-00062487 only 150 kilometers 93 miles from
+bVdE75XNSJI-00250-00062488-00062687 sumatra in indonesia
+bVdE75XNSJI-00251-00062688-00062942 the only volcano in india barron island
+bVdE75XNSJI-00252-00062944-00063238 is located in andaman and nicobar it is
+bVdE75XNSJI-00253-00063239-00063942 an active volcano and erupted in 2017
+bVdE75XNSJI-00254-00063944-00064494 flora
+bVdE75XNSJI-00255-00064495-00064711 the andaman and nicobar islands have a
+bVdE75XNSJI-00256-00064712-00064919 tropical rainforest canopy made of a
+bVdE75XNSJI-00257-00064920-00065111 mixed flora with elements from indian
+bVdE75XNSJI-00258-00065112-00065342 myanmar malaysian and endemic floral
+bVdE75XNSJI-00259-00065344-00065471 strains
+bVdE75XNSJI-00260-00065472-00065806 so far about 2200 varieties of plants
+bVdE75XNSJI-00261-00065807-00066015 have been recorded out of which 200 are
+bVdE75XNSJI-00262-00066016-00066279 endemic and 1 300 do not occur in
+bVdE75XNSJI-00263-00066280-00066463 mainland india
+bVdE75XNSJI-00264-00066464-00066687 the south andaman forests have a profuse
+bVdE75XNSJI-00265-00066688-00066919 growth of epiphytic vegetation mostly
+bVdE75XNSJI-00266-00066920-00067079 ferns and orchids
+bVdE75XNSJI-00267-00067080-00067294 the middle andamans harbors mostly moist
+bVdE75XNSJI-00268-00067295-00067455 deciduous forests
+bVdE75XNSJI-00269-00067456-00067655 north andamans is characterized by the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00270-00067656-00067855 wet evergreen type with plenty of woody
+bVdE75XNSJI-00271-00067856-00067975 climbers
+bVdE75XNSJI-00272-00067976-00068206 the north nicobar islands including car
+bVdE75XNSJI-00273-00068207-00068406 nicobar and batamalve are marked by the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00274-00068407-00068623 complete absence of evergreen forests
+bVdE75XNSJI-00275-00068624-00068799 while such forests form the dominant
+bVdE75XNSJI-00276-00068800-00068991 vegetation in the central and southern
+bVdE75XNSJI-00277-00068992-00069199 islands of the nicobar group
+bVdE75XNSJI-00278-00069200-00069431 grasslands occur only in the nicobars
+bVdE75XNSJI-00279-00069432-00069623 and while deciduous forests are common
+bVdE75XNSJI-00280-00069624-00069815 in the andamans they are almost absent
+bVdE75XNSJI-00281-00069816-00069967 in the nicobars
+bVdE75XNSJI-00282-00069968-00070159 the present forest coverage is claimed
+bVdE75XNSJI-00283-00070160-00070335 to be 86.2
+bVdE75XNSJI-00284-00070336-00070559 of the total land area
+bVdE75XNSJI-00285-00070560-00070791 this atypical forest coverage is made up
+bVdE75XNSJI-00286-00070792-00071031 of 12 types namely
+bVdE75XNSJI-00287-00071032-00071262 giant evergreen forest
+bVdE75XNSJI-00288-00071263-00071559 andaman's tropical evergreen forest
+bVdE75XNSJI-00289-00071560-00071759 southern hilltop tropical evergreen
+bVdE75XNSJI-00290-00071760-00071894 forest
+bVdE75XNSJI-00291-00071895-00072055 cane breaks
+bVdE75XNSJI-00292-00072056-00072271 wet bamboo breaks
+bVdE75XNSJI-00293-00072272-00072559 andaman semi evergreen forest
+bVdE75XNSJI-00294-00072560-00072838 andaman's moist deciduous forest
+bVdE75XNSJI-00295-00072839-00073055 andaman's secondary moist deciduous
+bVdE75XNSJI-00296-00073056-00073182 forest
+bVdE75XNSJI-00297-00073183-00073367 literal forest
+bVdE75XNSJI-00298-00073368-00073567 mangrove forest
+bVdE75XNSJI-00299-00073568-00073815 brackish water mixed forest
+bVdE75XNSJI-00300-00073816-00074282 submontane forest
+bVdE75XNSJI-00301-00074283-00074943 topic fauna
+bVdE75XNSJI-00302-00074944-00075159 this tropical rainforest despite its
+bVdE75XNSJI-00303-00075160-00075399 isolation from adjacent land masses is
+bVdE75XNSJI-00304-00075400-00075599 surprisingly rich with a diversity of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00305-00075600-00075767 animal life
+bVdE75XNSJI-00306-00075768-00076015 about 50 varieties of forest mammals are
+bVdE75XNSJI-00307-00076016-00076159 found to occur in the andaman and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00308-00076160-00076343 nicobar islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00309-00076344-00076535 some are endemic including the andaman
+bVdE75XNSJI-00310-00076536-00076782 wild boar rodents are the largest group
+bVdE75XNSJI-00311-00076783-00077087 with 26 species followed by 14 species
+bVdE75XNSJI-00312-00077088-00077343 of bat among the larger mammals there
+bVdE75XNSJI-00313-00077344-00077575 are two endemic varieties of wild boar
+bVdE75XNSJI-00314-00077576-00077815 suscrofa andamonensis from andaman and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00315-00077816-00078062 suscrofa nicobaricus from nicobar which
+bVdE75XNSJI-00316-00078063-00078262 are protected by the wildlife protection
+bVdE75XNSJI-00317-00078263-00078482 act 1972
+bVdE75XNSJI-00318-00078483-00078806 schi saltwater crocodile is also found
+bVdE75XNSJI-00319-00078807-00079062 in abundance the state animal of andaman
+bVdE75XNSJI-00320-00079063-00079294 is the dugong also known as the sea cow
+bVdE75XNSJI-00321-00079295-00079526 which can be found in little andaman
+bVdE75XNSJI-00322-00079527-00079791 around 1962 there was an attempt to
+bVdE75XNSJI-00323-00079792-00079935 introduce the leopard which was
+bVdE75XNSJI-00324-00079936-00080126 unsuccessful because of unsuitable
+bVdE75XNSJI-00325-00080127-00080255 habitat
+bVdE75XNSJI-00326-00080256-00080423 these were ill-considered moves as
+bVdE75XNSJI-00327-00080424-00080638 exotic introductions can cause havoc to
+bVdE75XNSJI-00328-00080639-00080871 island flora and fauna
+bVdE75XNSJI-00329-00080872-00081150 about 270 species of birds are found in
+bVdE75XNSJI-00330-00081151-00081391 the territory 14 of them are endemic the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00331-00081392-00081671 majority to the nicobar island group
+bVdE75XNSJI-00332-00081672-00081918 the islands many caves are nesting
+bVdE75XNSJI-00333-00081919-00082135 grounds for the edible nest swiftlet
+bVdE75XNSJI-00334-00082136-00082479 whose nests are prized in china for bird
+bVdE75XNSJI-00335-00082480-00082703 s nest soup the territory is home to
+bVdE75XNSJI-00336-00082704-00082999 about 225 species of butterflies and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00337-00083000-00083118 moths
+bVdE75XNSJI-00338-00083119-00083375 ten species are endemic to these islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00339-00083376-00083582 mount harriet national park is one of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00340-00083583-00083782 the richest areas of butterfly and moth
+bVdE75XNSJI-00341-00083783-00084031 diversity on these islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00342-00084032-00084206 the islands are well known for prized
+bVdE75XNSJI-00343-00084207-00084406 shellfish especially from the genera
+bVdE75XNSJI-00344-00084407-00084703 turbo trochus murics and nautilus
+bVdE75XNSJI-00345-00084704-00084862 earliest recorded commercial
+bVdE75XNSJI-00346-00084863-00085199 exploitation began during 1929. many
+bVdE75XNSJI-00347-00085200-00085391 cottage industries produce a range of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00348-00085392-00085679 decorative shell items giant clams green
+bVdE75XNSJI-00349-00085680-00085862 mussels and oysters support edible
+bVdE75XNSJI-00350-00085863-00086103 shellfishery the shells of scallops
+bVdE75XNSJI-00351-00086104-00086318 clams and cockle are burnt in kilns to
+bVdE75XNSJI-00352-00086319-00086518 produce edible lime
+bVdE75XNSJI-00353-00086519-00086791 there are 96 wildlife sanctuaries nine
+bVdE75XNSJI-00354-00086792-00087015 national parks and one biosphere reserve
+bVdE75XNSJI-00355-00087016-00087511 in these islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00356-00087512-00087982 demographics
+bVdE75XNSJI-00357-00087983-00088118 topic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00358-00088119-00088359 as of 2011 census of india the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00359-00088360-00088567 population of the union territory of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00360-00088568-00088955 andaman and nicobar islands was 379
+bVdE75XNSJI-00361-00088956-00089238 944 of which 202
+bVdE75XNSJI-00362-00089239-00089379 330
+bVdE75XNSJI-00363-00089380-00089971 53.25 were male and 177 000
+bVdE75XNSJI-00364-00089972-00090247 46.75 were female
+bVdE75XNSJI-00365-00090248-00090623 the sex ratio was 878 females per 1000
+bVdE75XNSJI-00366-00090624-00090743 males
+bVdE75XNSJI-00367-00090744-00090975 only 10 of the population lived in
+bVdE75XNSJI-00368-00090976-00091175 nicobar islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00369-00091176-00091455 the areas and populations at the 2001
+bVdE75XNSJI-00370-00091456-00091718 and 2011 censuses of the three districts
+bVdE75XNSJI-00371-00091719-00091815 are
+bVdE75XNSJI-00372-00091816-00092135 there remain approximately 400 to 450
+bVdE75XNSJI-00373-00092136-00092318 indigenous andamanese in the andaman
+bVdE75XNSJI-00374-00092319-00092543 islands the gerowa and sentinelese in
+bVdE75XNSJI-00375-00092544-00092726 particular maintaining a steadfast
+bVdE75XNSJI-00376-00092727-00092935 independence and refusing most attempts
+bVdE75XNSJI-00377-00092936-00093071 at contact
+bVdE75XNSJI-00378-00093072-00093279 in the nicobar islands the indigenous
+bVdE75XNSJI-00379-00093280-00093526 people are the nicobaresi or nicobari
+bVdE75XNSJI-00380-00093527-00093694 living throughout many of the islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00381-00093695-00093847 and the champan restricted to the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00382-00093848-00094071 hinterland of great nicobar
+bVdE75XNSJI-00383-00094072-00094255 more than two thousand people belonging
+bVdE75XNSJI-00384-00094256-00094399 to the karen tribe live in the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00385-00094400-00094582 mayabunder tesla of north andaman
+bVdE75XNSJI-00386-00094583-00094759 district almost all of whom are
+bVdE75XNSJI-00387-00094760-00094879 christians
+bVdE75XNSJI-00388-00094880-00095094 despite their tribal origins the karen
+bVdE75XNSJI-00389-00095095-00095294 of andamans have other backward class
+bVdE75XNSJI-00390-00095295-00095887 obc status in the andamans
+bVdE75XNSJI-00391-00095888-00096438 languages
+bVdE75XNSJI-00392-00096439-00096662 bengali is the most spoken language in
+bVdE75XNSJI-00393-00096663-00096894 andaman and nicobar islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00394-00096895-00097103 hindi is official language of andaman
+bVdE75XNSJI-00395-00097104-00097287 and nicobar islands while english is
+bVdE75XNSJI-00396-00097288-00097487 declared an additional official language
+bVdE75XNSJI-00397-00097488-00097703 for communication purposes
+bVdE75XNSJI-00398-00097704-00098006 as of 2011 census bengali is spoken as
+bVdE75XNSJI-00399-00098007-00098294 the first language by 28.49
+bVdE75XNSJI-00400-00098295-00098503 of the union territory's population
+bVdE75XNSJI-00401-00098504-00098831 followed by hindi 19.29 percent tamil
+bVdE75XNSJI-00402-00098832-00099023 15.20
+bVdE75XNSJI-00403-00099024-00099487 telugu 13.24 percent nico barrazi 7.65
+bVdE75XNSJI-00404-00099488-00100150 and malayalam 7.22
+bVdE75XNSJI-00405-00100151-00100711 religion
+bVdE75XNSJI-00406-00100712-00100911 the majority of people of the andaman
+bVdE75XNSJI-00407-00100912-00101147 and nicobar islands are hindus
+bVdE75XNSJI-00408-00101148-00101447 69.44 with christians forming a large
+bVdE75XNSJI-00409-00101448-00101687 minority of 21.7
+bVdE75XNSJI-00410-00101688-00101926 of the population according to the 2011
+bVdE75XNSJI-00411-00101927-00102087 census of india
+bVdE75XNSJI-00412-00102088-00102294 there is a small but significant muslim
+bVdE75XNSJI-00413-00102295-00102454 8.51
+bVdE75XNSJI-00414-00102455-00102942 minority
+bVdE75XNSJI-00415-00102943-00103551 administration
+bVdE75XNSJI-00416-00103552-00103806 in 1874 the british had placed the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00417-00103807-00104006 andaman and nicobar islands in one
+bVdE75XNSJI-00418-00104007-00104199 administrative territory headed by a
+bVdE75XNSJI-00419-00104200-00104358 chief commissioner as its judicial
+bVdE75XNSJI-00420-00104359-00104502 administrator
+bVdE75XNSJI-00421-00104503-00104823 on the 1st of august 1974 the nicobar
+bVdE75XNSJI-00422-00104824-00104983 islands were hived off into another
+bVdE75XNSJI-00423-00104983-00105127 revenue district with district
+bVdE75XNSJI-00424-00105128-00105319 headquarters at khar nicobar under a
+bVdE75XNSJI-00425-00105320-00105486 deputy commissioner
+bVdE75XNSJI-00426-00105488-00105775 in 1982 the post of lieutenant governor
+bVdE75XNSJI-00427-00105776-00105943 was created who replaced the chief
+bVdE75XNSJI-00428-00105944-00106054 commissioner as the head of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00429-00106055-00106207 administration
+bVdE75XNSJI-00430-00106208-00106502 subsequently a pradesh council
+bVdE75XNSJI-00431-00106503-00106702 with councillors as representatives of
+bVdE75XNSJI-00432-00106703-00106902 the people was constituted to advise the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00433-00106903-00107071 lieutenant governor
+bVdE75XNSJI-00434-00107072-00107286 the island sends one representative to
+bVdE75XNSJI-00435-00107288-00107502 lok sabha from its andaman and nicobar
+bVdE75XNSJI-00436-00107503-00108102 islands lok sabha constituency
+bVdE75XNSJI-00437-00108103-00108719 administrative divisions
+bVdE75XNSJI-00438-00108720-00108910 the andaman and nicobar islands is
+bVdE75XNSJI-00439-00108911-00109151 divided into three districts
+bVdE75XNSJI-00440-00109152-00109351 each district is further divided into
+bVdE75XNSJI-00441-00109352-00109583 subdivisions and tallicks
+bVdE75XNSJI-00442-00109583-00109799 north and middle andaman
+bVdE75XNSJI-00443-00109800-00110047 headquarters mayabunder
+bVdE75XNSJI-00444-00110048-00110271 dilipur subdivision
+bVdE75XNSJI-00445-00110272-00110454 dilli portalic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00446-00110455-00110686 mayabunder subdivision
+bVdE75XNSJI-00447-00110688-00110886 mayabunder talak
+bVdE75XNSJI-00448-00110888-00111143 rangat to look south andaman
+bVdE75XNSJI-00449-00111144-00111375 headquarters port blair
+bVdE75XNSJI-00450-00111376-00111607 port blair subdivision
+bVdE75XNSJI-00451-00111608-00111807 port blair talik
+bVdE75XNSJI-00452-00111808-00111999 faragangchtalik
+bVdE75XNSJI-00453-00112000-00112358 jerkitangtalik native gerawa reservation
+bVdE75XNSJI-00454-00112359-00112639 richie's archipelago subdivision
+bVdE75XNSJI-00455-00112640-00112863 richie's archipelago toluca havelock
+bVdE75XNSJI-00456-00112864-00112999 island
+bVdE75XNSJI-00457-00113000-00113239 little andaman subdivision
+bVdE75XNSJI-00458-00113240-00113483 little andaman taluka hud bay
+bVdE75XNSJI-00459-00113483-00113839 nicobar headquarters car nicobar
+bVdE75XNSJI-00460-00113840-00114086 car nicobar subdivision
+bVdE75XNSJI-00461-00114088-00114310 car nico bartolic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00462-00114311-00114534 nancori subdivision
+bVdE75XNSJI-00463-00114535-00114727 nankori talak
+bVdE75XNSJI-00464-00114728-00115286 kamorta talik
+bVdE75XNSJI-00465-00115288-00115534 great nicobar subdivision
+bVdE75XNSJI-00466-00115535-00115831 great nico bartolic campbell bay
+bVdE75XNSJI-00467-00115832-00116302 little nico bartolic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00468-00116303-00116863 topic economy
+bVdE75XNSJI-00469-00116864-00117302 topic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00470-00117303-00117871 agriculture
+bVdE75XNSJI-00471-00117872-00118075 a total of 48
+bVdE75XNSJI-00472-00118076-00118575 675 hectares 120 280 acres of land is
+bVdE75XNSJI-00473-00118576-00118815 used for agriculture purposes
+bVdE75XNSJI-00474-00118816-00119039 patti the main food crop is mostly
+bVdE75XNSJI-00475-00119040-00119254 cultivated in andaman group of islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00476-00119255-00119447 whereas coconut and arikanet are the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00477-00119448-00119743 cash crops of nicobar group of islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00478-00119744-00119999 field crops namely pulses oil seeds and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00479-00120000-00120214 vegetables are grown followed by paddy
+bVdE75XNSJI-00480-00120215-00120390 during robbie season
+bVdE75XNSJI-00481-00120391-00120614 different kinds of fruits such as mango
+bVdE75XNSJI-00482-00120615-00120919 sapota orange banana papaya pineapple
+bVdE75XNSJI-00483-00120920-00121102 and root crops are grown on hilly land
+bVdE75XNSJI-00484-00121103-00121278 owned by farmers
+bVdE75XNSJI-00485-00121279-00121551 spices such as pepper clove nutmeg and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00486-00121552-00121743 cinnamon are grown under a multi-tier
+bVdE75XNSJI-00487-00121744-00121886 cropping system
+bVdE75XNSJI-00488-00121888-00122183 rubber red oil palm noni and cashew are
+bVdE75XNSJI-00489-00122183-00122343 grown on a limited scale in these
+bVdE75XNSJI-00490-00122344-00122710 islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00491-00122711-00123334 topic industry
+bVdE75XNSJI-00492-00123335-00123466 there are
+bVdE75XNSJI-00493-00123467-00123775 1374 registered small-scale village and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00494-00123776-00123966 handicraft units
+bVdE75XNSJI-00495-00123967-00124166 two units are export-oriented in the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00496-00124167-00124423 line of fish processing activity
+bVdE75XNSJI-00497-00124424-00124583 apart from this there are shell and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00498-00124583-00124854 wood-based handicraft units there are
+bVdE75XNSJI-00499-00124855-00125158 also four medium-sized industrial units
+bVdE75XNSJI-00500-00125159-00125399 ssi units are engaged in the production
+bVdE75XNSJI-00501-00125400-00125695 of polythene bags pvc conduit pipes and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00502-00125696-00125943 fittings paints and varnishes fiberglass
+bVdE75XNSJI-00503-00125944-00126151 and mini flower mills soft drinks and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00504-00126152-00126351 beverages etc
+bVdE75XNSJI-00505-00126352-00126575 small-scale and handicraft units are
+bVdE75XNSJI-00506-00126576-00126814 also engaged in shell crafts bakery
+bVdE75XNSJI-00507-00126815-00127031 products rice milling furniture making
+bVdE75XNSJI-00508-00127032-00127183 etc
+bVdE75XNSJI-00509-00127183-00127366 the andaman and nicobar islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00510-00127367-00127575 integrated development corporation has
+bVdE75XNSJI-00511-00127576-00127790 spread its wings in the field of tourism
+bVdE75XNSJI-00512-00127791-00127990 fisheries industries and industrial
+bVdE75XNSJI-00513-00127991-00128199 financing and functions as authorized
+bVdE75XNSJI-00514-00128200-00128478 agents for alliance air jet airways
+bVdE75XNSJI-00515-00128479-00128639 the islands have become a tourist
+bVdE75XNSJI-00516-00128640-00128814 destination due to the draw of their
+bVdE75XNSJI-00517-00128815-00129014 largely unspoiled virgin beaches and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00518-00129015-00129463 waters
+bVdE75XNSJI-00519-00129464-00129999 tourism
+bVdE75XNSJI-00520-00130000-00130175 andaman and nicobar islands are
+bVdE75XNSJI-00521-00130176-00130399 developing into a major tourism hub with
+bVdE75XNSJI-00522-00130400-00130599 exotic looking beaches and pristine
+bVdE75XNSJI-00523-00130600-00130807 islands having equally exotic names
+bVdE75XNSJI-00524-00130808-00131007 wonderful opportunities for adventure
+bVdE75XNSJI-00525-00131008-00131311 sports like snorkeling and sea walking
+bVdE75XNSJI-00526-00131312-00131535 in port blair the main places to visit
+bVdE75XNSJI-00527-00131536-00131743 are the cellular jail mahatma gandhi
+bVdE75XNSJI-00528-00131744-00131951 marine national park andaman water
+bVdE75XNSJI-00529-00131952-00132254 sports complex chatham saw mill mini zoo
+bVdE75XNSJI-00530-00132255-00132551 corbin's cove chidia tapu wandor beach
+bVdE75XNSJI-00531-00132552-00132799 forest museum anthropological museum
+bVdE75XNSJI-00532-00132800-00133078 fisheries museum naval museum samudrika
+bVdE75XNSJI-00533-00133079-00133311 ross island and viper island
+bVdE75XNSJI-00534-00133312-00133527 other places include havelock island
+bVdE75XNSJI-00535-00133528-00133751 famous for rottanagar beach neil island
+bVdE75XNSJI-00536-00133752-00134014 for scuba diving snorkeling sink island
+bVdE75XNSJI-00537-00134015-00134190 saddle peak mount harriet and mud
+bVdE75XNSJI-00538-00134191-00134327 volcano
+bVdE75XNSJI-00539-00134328-00134543 the southern group nicobar islands is
+bVdE75XNSJI-00540-00134544-00134839 mostly inaccessible to tourists
+bVdE75XNSJI-00541-00134840-00135063 indian tourists do not require a permit
+bVdE75XNSJI-00542-00135064-00135247 to visit the andaman islands but if they
+bVdE75XNSJI-00543-00135248-00135447 wish to visit any tribal areas they need
+bVdE75XNSJI-00544-00135448-00135607 a special permit from the deputy
+bVdE75XNSJI-00545-00135608-00135814 commissioner in port blair
+bVdE75XNSJI-00546-00135815-00135975 permits are required for foreign
+bVdE75XNSJI-00547-00135976-00136223 nationals for foreign nationals arriving
+bVdE75XNSJI-00548-00136224-00136447 by air these are granted upon arrival at
+bVdE75XNSJI-00549-00136448-00136607 port blair
+bVdE75XNSJI-00550-00136608-00136814 according to official estimates the flow
+bVdE75XNSJI-00551-00136815-00137087 of tourists doubled to nearly 300 000 in
+bVdE75XNSJI-00552-00137088-00137511 2012 from 130 000 in 2809
+bVdE75XNSJI-00553-00137512-00137702 the rada nagar beach was chosen as
+bVdE75XNSJI-00554-00137703-00138378 asia's best beach in 2004.
+bVdE75XNSJI-00555-00138379-00139007 macroeconomic trend
+bVdE75XNSJI-00556-00139008-00139199 this is a chart of trend of gross state
+bVdE75XNSJI-00557-00139200-00139478 domestic product gsdp of andaman and
+bVdE75XNSJI-00558-00139479-00139695 nicobar islands at market prices
+bVdE75XNSJI-00559-00139696-00139911 estimated by the ministry of statistics
+bVdE75XNSJI-00560-00139912-00140127 and program implementation with figures
+bVdE75XNSJI-00561-00140128-00140383 in millions of indian rupees
+bVdE75XNSJI-00562-00140384-00140607 andaman and nicobar islands gross state
+bVdE75XNSJI-00563-00140608-00140895 domestic product for 2004 was estimated
+bVdE75XNSJI-00564-00140896-00141614 at 354 million in current prices
+bVdE75XNSJI-00565-00141615-00142071 power generation
+bVdE75XNSJI-00566-00142072-00142207 topic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00567-00142208-00142399 with japanese assistance southern
+bVdE75XNSJI-00568-00142400-00142590 andaman island will now have a 15
+bVdE75XNSJI-00569-00142591-00142814 megawatt diesel power plant
+bVdE75XNSJI-00570-00142815-00142959 this would be the first foreign
+bVdE75XNSJI-00571-00142960-00143151 investment of any kind allowed at this
+bVdE75XNSJI-00572-00143152-00143414 strategically significant island chain
+bVdE75XNSJI-00573-00143415-00143623 this is believed to be an indo-japanese
+bVdE75XNSJI-00574-00143624-00143790 strategic initiative to strengthen
+bVdE75XNSJI-00575-00143791-00143990 civilian infrastructure in the vicinity
+bVdE75XNSJI-00576-00143991-00144207 of the strait of malacca a strategically
+bVdE75XNSJI-00577-00144208-00144383 important choke point for the chinese
+bVdE75XNSJI-00578-00144384-00144887 oil supply
+bVdE75XNSJI-00579-00144888-00145775 infrastructure
+bVdE75XNSJI-00580-00145776-00146175 internet
+bVdE75XNSJI-00581-00146176-00146319 topic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00582-00146320-00146495 internet access on the islands is
+bVdE75XNSJI-00583-00146496-00146687 limited and unreliable since all
+bVdE75XNSJI-00584-00146688-00146887 connectivity to the outside world must
+bVdE75XNSJI-00585-00146888-00147087 go through satellite links
+bVdE75XNSJI-00586-00147088-00147302 barat broadband network is building a
+bVdE75XNSJI-00587-00147303-00147535 fiber-optic submarine cable running from
+bVdE75XNSJI-00588-00147536-00147711 five of the islands to chennai with
+bVdE75XNSJI-00589-00147712-00148031 completion expected in december 2019.
+bVdE75XNSJI-00590-00148032-00148239 the initial bandwidth will be 400
+bVdE75XNSJI-00591-00148240-00148487 gigabits per second roughly 400 times
+bVdE75XNSJI-00592-00148488-00148639 more than what the islands currently
+bVdE75XNSJI-00593-00148640-00149111 possess
+bVdE75XNSJI-00594-00149112-00149695 the sisters
+bVdE75XNSJI-00595-00149696-00149887 the sisters are small uninhabited
+bVdE75XNSJI-00596-00149888-00150087 islands in the andaman archipelago at
+bVdE75XNSJI-00597-00150088-00150287 the northern side of the duncan passage
+bVdE75XNSJI-00598-00150288-00150623 about six kilometres 3.2 nmi southeast
+bVdE75XNSJI-00599-00150624-00150951 of passage island and 18 kilometres 9.7
+bVdE75XNSJI-00600-00150952-00151199 nmi north of north brother east sister
+bVdE75XNSJI-00601-00151200-00151439 island and west sister island the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00602-00151440-00151775 islands are about 250 metres 820 feet
+bVdE75XNSJI-00603-00151776-00152023 apart connected by a coral reef
+bVdE75XNSJI-00604-00152024-00152199 they are covered by forests and have
+bVdE75XNSJI-00605-00152200-00152383 rocky shores except for a beach on the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00606-00152384-00152647 northwest side of east sister
+bVdE75XNSJI-00607-00152648-00152854 before the british established a colony
+bVdE75XNSJI-00608-00152855-00153031 on the andaman the sister islands were
+bVdE75XNSJI-00609-00153032-00153231 visited occasionally by the ange people
+bVdE75XNSJI-00610-00153232-00153478 of little andaman island for fishing
+bVdE75XNSJI-00611-00153479-00153631 they may have been a way station for
+bVdE75XNSJI-00612-00153632-00153814 their temporary settlement of rutland
+bVdE75XNSJI-00613-00153815-00154159 island between 1890 and 1930.
+bVdE75XNSJI-00614-00154160-00154375 the islands have been a wildlife refuge
+bVdE75XNSJI-00615-00154376-00154759 since 1987 with an area of 0.36 square
+bVdE75XNSJI-00616-00154760-00155383 kilometres 0.14 square miles
+bVdE75XNSJI-00617-00155384-00156071 topic popular culture
+bVdE75XNSJI-00618-00156072-00156271 sir arthur conan doyle refers to the
+bVdE75XNSJI-00619-00156272-00156463 andaman islands in his sherlock home
+bVdE75XNSJI-00620-00156464-00157159 story the sign of the four
+bVdE75XNSJI-00621-00157160-00157751 see also
+bVdE75XNSJI-00622-00157752-00158159 2004 indian ocean earthquake and tsunami
+bVdE75XNSJI-00623-00158160-00158390 effect of the 2004 indian ocean
+bVdE75XNSJI-00624-00158391-00158590 earthquake on india
+bVdE75XNSJI-00625-00158591-00158823 endemic birds of the andaman and nicobar
+bVdE75XNSJI-00626-00158824-00158966 islands
+bVdE75XNSJI-00627-00158967-00159278 2014 andaman boat disaster
+bVdE75XNSJI-00628-00159279-00159863 coral reefs in india
+bVdE75XNSJI-00629-00159864-00160287 notes
+bVdE75XNSJI-00630-00160288-00160743 topic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00631-00160744-00161654 references
+bVdE75XNSJI-00632-00161655-00162126 external links
+bVdE75XNSJI-00633-00162127-00162263 topic
+bVdE75XNSJI-00634-00162264-00162502 census of india provisional population
+bVdE75XNSJI-00635-00162503-00162639 totals
+bVdE75XNSJI-00636-00162640-00162839 andaman and nicobar administration
+bVdE75XNSJI-00637-00162840-00162990 website
+bVdE75XNSJI-00638-00162991-00163295 andaman and nicobar islands at curley
+bVdE75XNSJI-00639-00163296-00163519 andaman and nicobar islands travel guide
+bVdE75XNSJI-00640-00163520-00163836 from wikivoyage
+bYBMJFSOH08-00000-00000014-00000326 in mathematics more precisely in
+bYBMJFSOH08-00001-00000327-00000596 functional analysis an energetic space
+bYBMJFSOH08-00002-00000597-00000893 is intuitively a subspace of a given
+bYBMJFSOH08-00003-00000894-00001144 real hilbert space equipped with a new
+bYBMJFSOH08-00004-00001145-00001549 energetic inner product the motivation
+bYBMJFSOH08-00005-00001550-00001787 for the name comes from physics as in
+bYBMJFSOH08-00006-00001788-00002032 many physical problems the energy of a
+bYBMJFSOH08-00007-00002034-00002275 system can be expressed in terms of the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00008-00002276-00002612 energetic inner product an example of
+bYBMJFSOH08-00009-00002613-00003283 this will be given later in the article
+bYBMJFSOH08-00010-00003284-00004072 topic energetic space formally consider
+bYBMJFSOH08-00011-00004073-00004592 a real Hilbert space X display style
+bYBMJFSOH08-00012-00004593-00005029 eggs with the inner product display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00013-00005030-00005672 style CD OT CDO T and the norm display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00014-00005673-00006559 style CDO t let Y display style y be a
+bYBMJFSOH08-00015-00006561-00007096 linear subspace of X displaced I'll X
+bYBMJFSOH08-00016-00007097-00008216 and B Y eggs displaced I'll be Y to X be
+bYBMJFSOH08-00017-00008217-00008453 a strongly monotone symmetric linear
+bYBMJFSOH08-00018-00008454-00008708 operator that is a linear operator
+bYBMJFSOH08-00019-00008709-00008914 satisfying
+bYBMJFSOH08-00020-00008915-00010120 be you be equals you BAE BAE display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00021-00010121-00010989 style goofy equals u bv for all u v
+bYBMJFSOH08-00022-00010990-00011680 display style you meet in Y display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00023-00011681-00012856 style Y be you you see you to display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00024-00012857-00013422 style butyou geq see you carrot to for
+bYBMJFSOH08-00025-00013424-00014121 some constant C greater than zero
+bYBMJFSOH08-00026-00014122-00014484 display style C greater than zero and
+bYBMJFSOH08-00027-00014485-00015493 all you display style you in Y display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00028-00015494-00015907 style why the energetic inner product is
+bYBMJFSOH08-00029-00015908-00016580 defined as u 3e
+bYBMJFSOH08-00030-00016581-00017066 equals be you
+bYBMJFSOH08-00031-00017067-00017516 we display style you the underscore II
+bYBMJFSOH08-00032-00017517-00018296 he calls poopy for all you be display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00033-00018297-00019124 style you be in Y displace ry and the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00034-00019125-00020269 energetic norm is you a equals u you eat
+bYBMJFSOH08-00035-00020270-00020912 one to display style you underscore eat
+bYBMJFSOH08-00036-00020913-00021400 equals u u underscore a carrot track 1 2
+bYBMJFSOH08-00037-00021401-00022436 4 all you display style you in Y display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00038-00022437-00023190 style why the set Y display style wide
+bYBMJFSOH08-00039-00023191-00023494 together with the energetic in a product
+bYBMJFSOH08-00040-00023495-00023851 is a pre hilbert space the energetic
+bYBMJFSOH08-00041-00023852-00024526 space X he displaced I'll X underscore
+bYBMJFSOH08-00042-00024527-00025146 II is defined as a completion of y
+bYBMJFSOH08-00043-00025147-00025794 displaced our Y in the energetic norm X
+bYBMJFSOH08-00044-00025795-00026458 II display style X underscore II can be
+bYBMJFSOH08-00045-00026458-00026617 considered a subset of the original
+bYBMJFSOH08-00046-00026618-00027331 Hilbert space X display style X since
+bYBMJFSOH08-00047-00027332-00027568 any Cauchy sequence in the energetic
+bYBMJFSOH08-00048-00027569-00028014 norm is also Koshi in the norm of X
+bYBMJFSOH08-00049-00028014-00028435 display style eggs this follows from the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00050-00028436-00028860 strong monotonicity property of be
+bYBMJFSOH08-00051-00028861-00029380 display style be the energetic inner
+bYBMJFSOH08-00052-00029381-00029893 product is extended from y display style
+bYBMJFSOH08-00053-00029894-00030920 y to x e display style X underscore e by
+bYBMJFSOH08-00054-00030922-00031464 you V E
+bYBMJFSOH08-00055-00031466-00032859 equals limb and infinity u n V n E
+bYBMJFSOH08-00056-00032860-00033220 display style you they underscore e
+bYBMJFSOH08-00057-00033221-00033595 equals limb underscore n 2 in T u
+bYBMJFSOH08-00058-00033596-00034029 underscore n V underscore n underscore e
+bYBMJFSOH08-00059-00034030-00034810 where u n display style you underscore n
+bYBMJFSOH08-00060-00034811-00035739 and V n display style V underscore n are
+bYBMJFSOH08-00061-00035740-00036034 sequences in Y that converged to points
+bYBMJFSOH08-00062-00036035-00036756 in X e display style X underscore e in
+bYBMJFSOH08-00063-00036757-00037669 the energetic norm topic energetic
+bYBMJFSOH08-00064-00037670-00038554 extension the operator be displaced I'll
+bYBMJFSOH08-00065-00038555-00039294 be admits an energetic extension be e
+bYBMJFSOH08-00066-00039295-00040012 displaced I'll be underscore e be e x--
+bYBMJFSOH08-00067-00040013-00040885 e x-- e displaced I'll be underscore e X
+bYBMJFSOH08-00068-00040886-00041224 underscore e to X underscore e carrot
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+bYBMJFSOH08-00070-00042023-00042403 underscore e with values in the dual
+bYBMJFSOH08-00071-00042404-00043096 space X e display style X underscore e
+bYBMJFSOH08-00072-00043097-00043462 caret asterisk that is given by the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00073-00043463-00043954 formula be e
+bYBMJFSOH08-00074-00043955-00044435 you they ate
+bYBMJFSOH08-00075-00044436-00045245 equals you they a display style Langille
+bYBMJFSOH08-00076-00045246-00045595 be underscore e u-- v wrangle underscore
+bYBMJFSOH08-00077-00045596-00046510 e equals u they underscore a for all u v
+bYBMJFSOH08-00078-00046511-00047437 display style u v in x a display style X
+bYBMJFSOH08-00079-00047438-00047850 underscore e here
+bYBMJFSOH08-00080-00047851-00048336 II display style Langille see do t see
+bYBMJFSOH08-00081-00048337-00048765 do t wrangle underscore e denotes the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00082-00048766-00049395 duality bracket between X E display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00083-00049396-00049877 style X underscore e carrot asterisk and
+bYBMJFSOH08-00084-00049878-00051017 X E display style X underscore E so be e
+bYBMJFSOH08-00085-00051018-00051735 u v e display style Langille be
+bYBMJFSOH08-00086-00051736-00052199 underscore e u v-- wrangle underscore e
+bYBMJFSOH08-00087-00052200-00053139 actually denotes be e u v-- display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00088-00053140-00053922 style B underscore e UV if you display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00089-00053923-00054675 style U and V display style V
+bYBMJFSOH08-00090-00054676-00055121 elements in the original subspace why
+bYBMJFSOH08-00091-00055122-00055888 display style why then B II
+bYBMJFSOH08-00092-00055889-00057657 you V a equals u they a equals b u v
+bYBMJFSOH08-00093-00057658-00058547 equals u b v display style Lango bay
+bYBMJFSOH08-00094-00058548-00058756 underscore 8u v
+bYBMJFSOH08-00095-00058757-00059090 Wrangell underscore e equals u they
+bYBMJFSOH08-00096-00059091-00059510 underscore a equals boo v equals Lango
+bYBMJFSOH08-00097-00059511-00059929 you bay they wrangle by the definition
+bYBMJFSOH08-00098-00059930-00060278 of the energetic inner product if one
+bYBMJFSOH08-00099-00060279-00061028 views be you display style boo which is
+bYBMJFSOH08-00100-00061029-00061657 an element in X displaced I legs as an
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+bYBMJFSOH08-00102-00062154-00062485 Charat asterisk via the rich
+bYBMJFSOH08-00103-00062486-00063061 representation theorem then B you
+bYBMJFSOH08-00104-00063062-00063479 display style boo will also be in the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00105-00063479-00064129 jewel X E display style X underscore II
+bYBMJFSOH08-00106-00064130-00064466 carat asterisk by the strong
+bYBMJFSOH08-00107-00064466-00064954 monotonicity property of be display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00108-00064955-00065384 style B via these identifications it
+bYBMJFSOH08-00109-00065385-00065955 follows from the above formula that be e
+bYBMJFSOH08-00110-00065956-00066185 you
+bYBMJFSOH08-00111-00066186-00066869 equals B you display style B underscore
+bYBMJFSOH08-00112-00066870-00067337 e u equals boo in different words the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00113-00067338-00068153 original operator B Y X display style B
+bYBMJFSOH08-00114-00068154-00069023 Y - X can be viewed as an operator B Y X
+bYBMJFSOH08-00115-00069024-00069638 e display style B Y - X underscore e
+bYBMJFSOH08-00116-00069639-00070966 caret asterisk and then B e x-- e x-- e
+bYBMJFSOH08-00117-00070967-00071263 display style B underscore e X
+bYBMJFSOH08-00118-00071264-00071612 underscore e 2 X underscore e caret
+bYBMJFSOH08-00119-00071613-00071938 asterisk is simply the function
+bYBMJFSOH08-00120-00071939-00072790 extension of be display style be from Y
+bYBMJFSOH08-00121-00072791-00073399 display style y 2x
+bYBMJFSOH08-00122-00073400-00074020 a display style X underscore a topic an
+bYBMJFSOH08-00123-00074021-00074263 example from physics consider a string
+bYBMJFSOH08-00124-00074264-00074494 whose endpoints are fixed at two points
+bYBMJFSOH08-00125-00074495-00074749 a B display style are on the real line
+bYBMJFSOH08-00126-00074750-00074995 here viewed as a horizontal line
+bYBMJFSOH08-00127-00074996-00075310 let the vertical outer force density at
+bYBMJFSOH08-00128-00075311-00075589 each point X display style X a xB
+bYBMJFSOH08-00129-00075590-00076015 display style RLE QX l eq b on the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00130-00076016-00076435 string BF x ii display style FX math BF
+bYBMJFSOH08-00131-00076436-00076807 e where e display style math BF e is a
+bYBMJFSOH08-00132-00076808-00077143 unit vector pointing vertically in fa b
+bYBMJFSOH08-00133-00077144-00077440 our display style fa
+bYBMJFSOH08-00134-00077441-00077839 b2 math bound are let you X display
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+bYBMJFSOH08-00137-00078332-00078600 under the influence of the force
+bYBMJFSOH08-00138-00078601-00078847 assuming that the deflection is small
+bYBMJFSOH08-00139-00078848-00079366 the elastic energy of the string is 1/2
+bYBMJFSOH08-00140-00079367-00080381 a B u X - D
+bYBMJFSOH08-00141-00080382-00080810 X display style frac one two in
+bYBMJFSOH08-00142-00080811-00081296 underscore a carrot be u X Charat 2 DX
+bYBMJFSOH08-00143-00081297-00081656 and the total potential energy of the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00144-00081657-00083716 string is f u equals 1/2 a be u X 2 D X
+bYBMJFSOH08-00145-00083717-00083954 minus
+bYBMJFSOH08-00146-00083955-00085469 a B u X F X D X display style f u equals
+bYBMJFSOH08-00147-00085470-00085946 frac 1/2 in underscore a carrot be u X
+bYBMJFSOH08-00148-00085947-00086375 Charat 2 DX in underscore a carrot be
+bYBMJFSOH08-00149-00086376-00087187 you XFX DX the deflection you
+bYBMJFSOH08-00150-00087188-00087736 X display style UX minimizing the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00151-00087737-00087949 potential energy will satisfy the
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+bYBMJFSOH08-00155-00089657-00090769 a equals u b equals zero display style
+bYBMJFSOH08-00156-00090770-00091291 ua equals u b equals zero to study this
+bYBMJFSOH08-00157-00091292-00092028 equation consider the space x equals L
+bYBMJFSOH08-00158-00092029-00092265 to
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+bYBMJFSOH08-00161-00093333-00093767 integrable functions you
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+bYBMJFSOH08-00164-00094631-00094950 in respect to the lobby's gay measure
+bYBMJFSOH08-00165-00094951-00095273 this space is Hilbert in respect to the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00166-00095274-00095976 inner product you V equals
+bYBMJFSOH08-00167-00095977-00096437 I be you
+bYBMJFSOH08-00168-00096438-00097075 X V X D
+bYBMJFSOH08-00169-00097076-00097552 X display style you V equals in
+bYBMJFSOH08-00170-00097553-00098167 underscore a caret b u XV x DX with the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00171-00098168-00098899 norm being given by u equals u
+bYBMJFSOH08-00172-00098900-00099451 you display style you equals s qrt you
+bYBMJFSOH08-00173-00099452-00100309 you let why display style why be the set
+bYBMJFSOH08-00174-00100310-00100555 of all twice continuously differentiable
+bYBMJFSOH08-00175-00100556-00100929 functions you
+bYBMJFSOH08-00176-00100930-00101250 I be
+bYBMJFSOH08-00177-00101251-00101819 our display style you ab2 math bound are
+bYBMJFSOH08-00178-00101820-00102348 with the boundary conditions you
+bYBMJFSOH08-00179-00102349-00103457 a equals u b equals zero display style
+bYBMJFSOH08-00180-00103458-00104158 UAE equals u B equals zero then why
+bYBMJFSOH08-00181-00104159-00104571 display style why is a linear subspace
+bYBMJFSOH08-00182-00104572-00105233 of X display style X consider the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00183-00105234-00106223 operator be Y X display style be Y to X
+bYBMJFSOH08-00184-00106224-00107324 given by the formula be u equals minus u
+bYBMJFSOH08-00185-00107325-00107751 display style boot equals u so the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00186-00107752-00108341 deflection satisfies the equation be u
+bYBMJFSOH08-00187-00108342-00108570 equals
+bYBMJFSOH08-00188-00108571-00109107 F display style boo equals F using
+bYBMJFSOH08-00189-00109108-00109350 integration by parts and the boundary
+bYBMJFSOH08-00190-00109351-00110260 conditions one can see that B u v equals
+bYBMJFSOH08-00191-00110261-00112864 minus a B u X V X D X equals a b u x v x
+bYBMJFSOH08-00192-00112865-00113832 equals u b v display style boo v equals
+bYBMJFSOH08-00193-00113833-00114381 in underscore a carat b u XV x DX equals
+bYBMJFSOH08-00194-00114382-00114935 in underscore a carat b u XV x equals u
+bYBMJFSOH08-00195-00114936-00115958 bv for any you display style u and v
+bYBMJFSOH08-00196-00115958-00116740 display style v in Y display style y
+bYBMJFSOH08-00197-00116741-00117426 therefore B display style B is a
+bYBMJFSOH08-00198-00117427-00118013 symmetric linear operator B display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00199-00118014-00118454 style B is also strongly monotone since
+bYBMJFSOH08-00200-00118455-00119038 by the Friedreich's as inequality u2
+bYBMJFSOH08-00201-00119039-00119265 equals
+bYBMJFSOH08-00202-00119266-00120588 a B u to X D X C
+bYBMJFSOH08-00203-00120589-00121525 a bee you x2d
+bYBMJFSOH08-00204-00121526-00122713 x equals c b you you display style you
+bYBMJFSOH08-00205-00122714-00123090 carrot two equals in underscore a carrot
+bYBMJFSOH08-00206-00123091-00123526 be you carrot two x DX l AQ c in
+bYBMJFSOH08-00207-00123527-00124000 underscore a carrot B u X Charat 2 DX
+bYBMJFSOH08-00208-00124001-00124808 equals C boo you for some C greater than
+bYBMJFSOH08-00209-00124809-00125331 zero display style C greater than zero
+bYBMJFSOH08-00210-00125332-00125638 the energetic space in respect to the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00211-00125639-00126285 operator B display style B is then the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00212-00126286-00126977 Sobel if space H zero one
+bYBMJFSOH08-00213-00126978-00127533 a bee display style H underscore zero
+bYBMJFSOH08-00214-00127533-00128087 carrot 1a B we see that the elastic
+bYBMJFSOH08-00215-00128088-00128309 energy of the string which motivated
+bYBMJFSOH08-00216-00128310-00128798 this study is 1/2
+bYBMJFSOH08-00217-00128799-00129727 I be you x2d
+bYBMJFSOH08-00218-00129728-00131041 x equals 1/2 u u e display style frac
+bYBMJFSOH08-00219-00131042-00131509 1/2 in underscore a carrot b u X Charat
+bYBMJFSOH08-00220-00131510-00132108 2 DX equals frac 1 to u u underscore e
+bYBMJFSOH08-00221-00132109-00132403 so it is half of the energetic inner
+bYBMJFSOH08-00222-00132404-00133006 product of u display style U with itself
+bYBMJFSOH08-00223-00133007-00133747 to calculate the deflection you display
+bYBMJFSOH08-00224-00133748-00134125 style you minimizing the total potential
+bYBMJFSOH08-00225-00134126-00134944 energy F you display style f u of the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00226-00134945-00135252 string 1 writes this problem in the form
+bYBMJFSOH08-00227-00135253-00136465 u v e equals f v display style you they
+bYBMJFSOH08-00228-00136466-00137190 underscore e equals F V for all V
+bYBMJFSOH08-00229-00137191-00138052 display style V in X e display style X
+bYBMJFSOH08-00230-00138053-00138429 underscore e next one usually
+bYBMJFSOH08-00231-00138430-00139078 approximate you display style you buy
+bYBMJFSOH08-00232-00139079-00139365 some
+bYBMJFSOH08-00233-00139366-00139883 Aitch display style you underscore H a
+bYBMJFSOH08-00234-00139884-00140136 function in a finite dimensional
+bYBMJFSOH08-00235-00140137-00140511 subspace of the true solution space for
+bYBMJFSOH08-00236-00140512-00141129 example one might let you H displaced
+bYBMJFSOH08-00237-00141130-00141516 I'll you underscore H be a continuous
+bYBMJFSOH08-00238-00141517-00141720 piecewise linear function in the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00239-00141721-00141963 energetic space which gives the finite
+bYBMJFSOH08-00240-00141964-00142673 element method the approximation you H
+bYBMJFSOH08-00241-00142674-00143115 display style you underscore H can be
+bYBMJFSOH08-00242-00143116-00143346 computed by solving a system of linear
+bYBMJFSOH08-00243-00143347-00143492 equations
+bYBMJFSOH08-00244-00143493-00143808 the energetic norm turns out to be the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00245-00143809-00144009 natural norm in which to measure the
+bYBMJFSOH08-00246-00144010-00144806 error between you display style u and u
+bYBMJFSOH08-00247-00144807-00145458 H display style u underscore H CC as
+bYBMJFSOH08-00248-00145459-00146789 lemma topic see also inner product space
+bYBMJFSOH08-00249-00146790-00147150 positive definite kernel
+bbuD2paJx4c-00000-00000022-00001882 [Music]
+bbuD2paJx4c-00001-00001882-00002413 [Music]
+bbuD2paJx4c-00002-00002414-00002615 [Applause]
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+bbuD2paJx4c-00007-00005128-00005964 wow
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+bbuD2paJx4c-00009-00006992-00007317 mm-hmm
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+bbuD2paJx4c-00016-00011664-00012971 look
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+bbuD2paJx4c-00032-00020968-00021367 [Music]
+bbuD2paJx4c-00033-00021368-00023111 me
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+bbuD2paJx4c-00036-00026063-00026438 [Applause]
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+bdMhyr2MOau-00000-00001104-00001399 did you go to the salad before you went
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+bdMhyr2MOau-00005-00002392-00002934 okay
+bdMhyr2MOau-00006-00002935-00003863 next sentences
+bdMhyr2MOau-00007-00003864-00003951 where
+bdMhyr2MOau-00008-00003952-00004103 did you go
+bdMhyr2MOau-00009-00004104-00004206 oh
+bdMhyr2MOau-00010-00004207-00004719 my brother
+bdMhyr2MOau-00011-00004720-00004991 where did you go oh my brothers where
+bdMhyr2MOau-00012-00004992-00005383 did you all go yes oh my brothers oh my
+bdMhyr2MOau-00013-00005384-00005679 brother if one is plural
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+bdMhyr2MOau-00017-00010160-00011255 [Music]
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+bdMhyr2MOau-00020-00011952-00012223 puna
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+bdMhyr2MOau-00025-00015400-00015483 to
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+bdMhyr2MOau-00027-00015944-00016439 who's for the week one week
+bdMhyr2MOau-00028-00016440-00016703 mother
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+bdMhyr2MOau-00030-00016904-00017430 okay sabina now your turn
+bdMhyr2MOau-00031-00017431-00017639 months the month
+bdMhyr2MOau-00032-00017640-00017919 month only
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+bdMhyr2MOau-00037-00022010-00022422 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00038-00022423-00023409 is used for
+bdMhyr2MOau-00039-00023410-00023878 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00040-00023879-00025222 is
+bdMhyr2MOau-00041-00025223-00028083 is used for
+bdMhyr2MOau-00042-00028083-00028662 plural feminine feminine okay enough
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+bdMhyr2MOau-00044-00028995-00029214 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00045-00029216-00030807 i am a female student very good
+bdMhyr2MOau-00046-00030808-00031439 number 16.
+bdMhyr2MOau-00047-00031439-00031670 lesson number 16 in this lesson we
+bdMhyr2MOau-00048-00031672-00031831 learned the following
+bdMhyr2MOau-00049-00031832-00032118 number one in arabic nouns are
+bdMhyr2MOau-00050-00032119-00032439 classified as one
+bdMhyr2MOau-00051-00032439-00032558 rational
+bdMhyr2MOau-00052-00032560-00032751 and two
+bdMhyr2MOau-00053-00032752-00032911 rational
+bdMhyr2MOau-00054-00032912-00033311 they are also called intelligent and
+bdMhyr2MOau-00055-00033312-00033599 unintelligent
+bdMhyr2MOau-00056-00033600-00033774 rational nouns
+bdMhyr2MOau-00057-00033775-00034207 are those that refer to human beings
+bdMhyr2MOau-00058-00034208-00034671 angels and such beings are also included
+bdMhyr2MOau-00059-00034672-00034895 in this class
+bdMhyr2MOau-00060-00034896-00035246 irrational nouns refer to things
+bdMhyr2MOau-00061-00035247-00035462 animals and
+bdMhyr2MOau-00062-00035463-00035695 concepts
+bdMhyr2MOau-00063-00035696-00035887 in the singular
+bdMhyr2MOau-00064-00035888-00036231 there is no difference between these two
+bdMhyr2MOau-00065-00036232-00036335 groups
+bdMhyr2MOau-00066-00036336-00036574 in the plural however
+bdMhyr2MOau-00067-00036575-00036911 there is a very important difference
+bdMhyr2MOau-00068-00036912-00037055 plurals
+bdMhyr2MOau-00069-00037056-00037351 of rational nouns are
+bdMhyr2MOau-00070-00037352-00037590 treated as plural
+bdMhyr2MOau-00071-00037591-00037911 so plural words like they
+bdMhyr2MOau-00072-00037912-00038343 these are used to refer to them
+bdMhyr2MOau-00073-00038344-00038615 plural plurals of
+bdMhyr2MOau-00074-00038616-00038999 irrational nouns are treated as feminine
+bdMhyr2MOau-00075-00039000-00039183 singular
+bdMhyr2MOau-00076-00039184-00040479 for example
+bdMhyr2MOau-00077-00040480-00040679 a new student
+bdMhyr2MOau-00078-00040680-00040862 he is
+bdMhyr2MOau-00079-00040863-00041007 small
+bdMhyr2MOau-00080-00041008-00041639 for plural
+bdMhyr2MOau-00081-00041640-00041751 these are
+bdMhyr2MOau-00082-00041752-00041927 new students
+bdMhyr2MOau-00083-00041928-00042039 they are
+bdMhyr2MOau-00084-00042040-00043574 small
+bdMhyr2MOau-00085-00043575-00044153 this is small
+bdMhyr2MOau-00086-00044154-00044335 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00087-00044336-00044527 yes
+bdMhyr2MOau-00088-00044528-00044855 these are new books
+bdMhyr2MOau-00089-00044856-00045055 these is small
+bdMhyr2MOau-00090-00045056-00045327 so regard the plurals of irrational
+bdMhyr2MOau-00091-00045328-00045727 nouns as feminine singular
+bdMhyr2MOau-00092-00045728-00045815 note
+bdMhyr2MOau-00093-00045816-00046099 this is the basic rule there are
+bdMhyr2MOau-00094-00046100-00046358 expectation to this rule
+bdMhyr2MOau-00095-00046359-00046774 which you will learn later on
+bdMhyr2MOau-00096-00046775-00047087 second we have learned some patterns of
+bdMhyr2MOau-00097-00047088-00047318 the broken plural
+bdMhyr2MOau-00098-00047319-00047607 there are more
+bdMhyr2MOau-00099-00047608-00047949 masjid
+bdMhyr2MOau-00100-00047950-00048623 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00101-00048624-00048974 this is broken plural
+bdMhyr2MOau-00102-00048975-00049164 this pattern has
+bdMhyr2MOau-00103-00049165-00049415 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00104-00049416-00049574 we don't say
+bdMhyr2MOau-00105-00049575-00050039 we can't say massage
+bdMhyr2MOau-00106-00050040-00050302 this pattern has nothing mean uh
+bdMhyr2MOau-00107-00050303-00050655 daftarun is singular word and after the
+bdMhyr2MOau-00108-00050656-00050983 scale of mafia
+bdMhyr2MOau-00109-00050984-00051158 broken plural
+bdMhyr2MOau-00110-00051159-00051407 got it this chapter
+bdMhyr2MOau-00111-00051408-00051911 yes
+bdMhyr2MOau-00112-00051912-00052199 okay so foreign
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+bdMhyr2MOau-00114-00052351-00052487 alfond
+bdMhyr2MOau-00115-00052488-00052623 hotel
+bdMhyr2MOau-00116-00052624-00052775 alba
+bdMhyr2MOau-00117-00052776-00052887 sea
+bdMhyr2MOau-00118-00052888-00053119 attorney
+bdMhyr2MOau-00119-00053120-00054848 airplane
+bdMhyr2MOau-00120-00054849-00056007 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00121-00056008-00057839 foreign
+bdMhyr2MOau-00122-00057840-00059514 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00123-00059515-00060967 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00124-00060969-00061859 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00125-00061860-00063924 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00127-00070249-00071511 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00128-00071512-00072159 they are here on this desk
+bdMhyr2MOau-00129-00072160-00072535 they are here on this desk
+bdMhyr2MOau-00130-00072536-00073111 got it
+bdMhyr2MOau-00131-00073112-00073295 okay so now repeat it
+bdMhyr2MOau-00132-00073296-00073655 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00133-00073656-00074062 ask me
+bdMhyr2MOau-00134-00074063-00074150 i'll
+bdMhyr2MOau-00135-00074151-00074607 make this
+bdMhyr2MOau-00136-00074608-00075608 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00137-00075609-00075735 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00138-00075736-00075919 whose pens
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+bdMhyr2MOau-00140-00076151-00076638 whose friends are these oh muhammad
+bdMhyr2MOau-00141-00076639-00076950 muhammad
+bdMhyr2MOau-00142-00076951-00078544 they are mine
+bdMhyr2MOau-00143-00078545-00078703 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00144-00078704-00078806 these
+bdMhyr2MOau-00145-00078807-00079062 these books these new books
+bdMhyr2MOau-00146-00079063-00079150 uh
+bdMhyr2MOau-00147-00079151-00079391 are they yours
+bdMhyr2MOau-00148-00079392-00079559 yes muhammad
+bdMhyr2MOau-00149-00079560-00080665 s
+bdMhyr2MOau-00150-00080666-00082606 [Music]
+bdMhyr2MOau-00151-00082607-00084023 or table
+bdMhyr2MOau-00152-00084024-00085318 very good
+bdMhyr2MOau-00153-00085319-00085534 foreign
+bdMhyr2MOau-00154-00085535-00085847 [Music]
+besi0MRTEgU-00000-00000693-00001601 [Applause]
+besi0MRTEgU-00001-00001602-00002883 [Applause]
+besi0MRTEgU-00002-00002884-00004780 foreign
+besi0MRTEgU-00003-00004781-00005683 [Music]
+besi0MRTEgU-00004-00005684-00006006 foreign
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+besi0MRTEgU-00006-00006889-00007083 [Music]
+besi0MRTEgU-00007-00007084-00008247 oh
+besi0MRTEgU-00008-00008248-00008483 [Applause]
+besi0MRTEgU-00009-00008484-00009883 yes
+besi0MRTEgU-00010-00009884-00010014 um
+besi0MRTEgU-00011-00010015-00011203 [Music]
+besi0MRTEgU-00012-00011204-00011454 [Applause]
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+besi0MRTEgU-00014-00012275-00012683 [Music]
+besi0MRTEgU-00015-00012684-00012795 oh
+besi0MRTEgU-00016-00012796-00014865 [Music]
+besi0MRTEgU-00017-00014866-00015025 [Applause]
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+besi0MRTEgU-00020-00019458-00019683 [Music]
+besi0MRTEgU-00021-00019684-00020644 okay
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+c5lpzeicm9g-00000-00000017-00000361 the solar system is the gravitationally
+c5lpzeicm9g-00001-00000362-00000638 bound planetary system of the Sun and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00002-00000639-00000815 the objects that orbit it either
+c5lpzeicm9g-00003-00000816-00001204 directly or indirectly of the objects
+c5lpzeicm9g-00004-00001205-00001478 that orbit the Sun directly the largest
+c5lpzeicm9g-00005-00001479-00001700 are the eight planets with the remainder
+c5lpzeicm9g-00006-00001701-00001997 being smaller objects such as the five
+c5lpzeicm9g-00007-00001998-00002291 dwarf planets and small solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-00008-00002292-00002648 bodies of the objects that orbit the Sun
+c5lpzeicm9g-00009-00002649-00003052 indirectly the moons too are larger than
+c5lpzeicm9g-00010-00003053-00003329 the smallest planet Mercury the solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00011-00003329-00003710 system formed 4.6 billion years ago from
+c5lpzeicm9g-00012-00003711-00003974 the gravitational collapse of a giant
+c5lpzeicm9g-00013-00003975-00004322 interstellar molecular cloud the vast
+c5lpzeicm9g-00014-00004323-00004597 majority of the system's mass is in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00015-00004598-00004826 Sun with the majority of the remaining
+c5lpzeicm9g-00016-00004827-00005179 mass contained in Jupiter the four
+c5lpzeicm9g-00017-00005180-00005452 smaller inner planets Mercury Venus
+c5lpzeicm9g-00018-00005453-00005786 Earth and Mars are terrestrial planets
+c5lpzeicm9g-00019-00005787-00006065 being primarily composed of rock and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00020-00006066-00006416 metal the four outer planets are giant
+c5lpzeicm9g-00021-00006417-00006716 planets being substantially more massive
+c5lpzeicm9g-00022-00006717-00007021 than the terrestrials the two largest
+c5lpzeicm9g-00023-00007022-00007373 Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants being
+c5lpzeicm9g-00024-00007373-00007609 composed mainly of hydrogen and helium
+c5lpzeicm9g-00025-00007611-00007958 the two outermost planets Uranus and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00026-00007959-00008242 Neptune are ice giants being composed
+c5lpzeicm9g-00027-00008243-00008510 mostly of substances with relatively
+c5lpzeicm9g-00028-00008511-00008744 high melting points compared with
+c5lpzeicm9g-00029-00008745-00009020 hydrogen and helium called volatiles
+c5lpzeicm9g-00030-00009021-00009392 such as water ammonia and methane all
+c5lpzeicm9g-00031-00009393-00009641 eight planets have almost circular
+c5lpzeicm9g-00032-00009642-00009926 orbits that lie within a nearly flat
+c5lpzeicm9g-00033-00009927-00010280 disk called the ecliptic the solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00034-00010281-00010663 system also contains smaller objects the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00035-00010664-00010921 asteroid belt which lies between the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00036-00010922-00011183 orbits of Mars and Jupiter mostly
+c5lpzeicm9g-00037-00011184-00011438 contains objects composed like the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00038-00011439-00011724 terrestrial planets of rock and metal
+c5lpzeicm9g-00039-00011725-00012035 beyond Neptune's orbit lie the Kuiper
+c5lpzeicm9g-00040-00012036-00012269 belt and scattered discs which are
+c5lpzeicm9g-00041-00012270-00012584 populations of trans-neptunian objects
+c5lpzeicm9g-00042-00012585-00012871 composed mostly of ices and beyond them
+c5lpzeicm9g-00043-00012872-00013130 a newly discovered population of said
+c5lpzeicm9g-00044-00013131-00013463 noids within these populations are
+c5lpzeicm9g-00045-00013463-00013721 several dozen to possibly tens of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00046-00013722-00013969 thousands of objects large enough that
+c5lpzeicm9g-00047-00013970-00014153 they have been rounded by their own
+c5lpzeicm9g-00048-00014154-00014555 gravity such objects are categorized as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00049-00014556-00014911 dwarf planets identified dwarf planets
+c5lpzeicm9g-00050-00014912-00015161 include the asteroid Ceres and the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00051-00015162-00015452 trans-neptunian objects Pluto and Eris
+c5lpzeicm9g-00052-00015453-00015880 in addition to these two regions various
+c5lpzeicm9g-00053-00015881-00016193 other small body populations including
+c5lpzeicm9g-00054-00016194-00016505 comets centaurs and interplanetary dust
+c5lpzeicm9g-00055-00016506-00016940 clouds freely travel between regions six
+c5lpzeicm9g-00056-00016941-00017171 of the planets at least four of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00057-00017172-00017411 dwarf planets and many of the smaller
+c5lpzeicm9g-00058-00017412-00017705 bodies are orbited by natural satellites
+c5lpzeicm9g-00059-00017706-00018116 usually termed moons after the moon each
+c5lpzeicm9g-00060-00018117-00018358 of the outer planets is encircled by
+c5lpzeicm9g-00061-00018359-00018653 planetary rings of dust and other small
+c5lpzeicm9g-00062-00018654-00019069 objects the solar wind a stream of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00063-00019070-00019330 charged particles flowing outwards from
+c5lpzeicm9g-00064-00019331-00019619 the Sun creates a bubble like region in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00065-00019620-00019835 the interstellar medium known as the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00066-00019836-00020192 heliosphere the heliopause is the point
+c5lpzeicm9g-00067-00020193-00020450 at which pressure from the solar wind is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00068-00020451-00020678 equal to the opposing pressure of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00069-00020679-00020924 interstellar medium it extends out to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00070-00020925-00021250 the edge of the scattered disc the Oort
+c5lpzeicm9g-00071-00021251-00021488 cloud which is thought to be the source
+c5lpzeicm9g-00072-00021489-00021836 for long period comets may also exist at
+c5lpzeicm9g-00073-00021837-00022064 a distance roughly a thousand times
+c5lpzeicm9g-00074-00022065-00022388 further than the heliosphere the solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00075-00022389-00022732 system is located in the Orion Arm
+c5lpzeicm9g-00076-00022733-00023008 26,000 light-years from the center of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00077-00023009-00023338 the Milky Way galaxy
+c5lpzeicm9g-00078-00023339-00023701 you
+c5lpzeicm9g-00079-00023702-00024451 topic discovery and exploration for most
+c5lpzeicm9g-00080-00024452-00024771 of history humanity did not recognize or
+c5lpzeicm9g-00081-00024772-00025024 understand the concept of the solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00082-00025025-00025399 system most people up to the late Middle
+c5lpzeicm9g-00083-00025400-00025654 Ages Renaissance believed earth to be
+c5lpzeicm9g-00084-00025655-00025888 stationary at the center of the universe
+c5lpzeicm9g-00085-00025889-00026133 and categorically different from the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00086-00026135-00026395 divine or ethereal objects that moved
+c5lpzeicm9g-00087-00026395-00026686 through the sky although the Greek
+c5lpzeicm9g-00088-00026687-00026974 philosopher Aristotle Samos had
+c5lpzeicm9g-00089-00026975-00027268 speculated on a heliocentric reordering
+c5lpzeicm9g-00090-00027269-00027568 of the cosmos nikolaos Copernicus was
+c5lpzeicm9g-00091-00027569-00027820 the first to develop a mathematically
+c5lpzeicm9g-00092-00027820-00028083 predictive heliocentric system in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00093-00028085-00028432 17th century Galileo discovered that the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00094-00028433-00028677 Sun was marked with sunspots and that
+c5lpzeicm9g-00095-00028679-00028920 Jupiter had four satellites in orbit
+c5lpzeicm9g-00096-00028922-00029317 around it Christian Huygens followed on
+c5lpzeicm9g-00097-00029318-00029551 from Galileo's discoveries by
+c5lpzeicm9g-00098-00029552-00029827 discovering Saturn's moon Titan and the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00099-00029827-00030142 shape of the rings of Saturn Edmund
+c5lpzeicm9g-00100-00030143-00030523 Halley realized in 1705 that repeated
+c5lpzeicm9g-00101-00030524-00030769 sightings of a comet were recording the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00102-00030770-00031045 same object returning regularly once
+c5lpzeicm9g-00103-00031045-00031558 every 75 to 76 years this was the first
+c5lpzeicm9g-00104-00031558-00031783 evidence that anything other than the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00105-00031783-00032202 planets orbited the Sun around this time
+c5lpzeicm9g-00106-00032202-00032608 17:04 the term solar system first
+c5lpzeicm9g-00107-00032608-00032986 appeared in English in 1838 Friedrich
+c5lpzeicm9g-00108-00032987-00033226 Bessel successfully measured a stellar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00109-00033227-00033478 parallax and apparent shift in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00110-00033479-00033718 position of a star created by Earth's
+c5lpzeicm9g-00111-00033719-00033988 motion around the Sun providing the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00112-00033989-00034255 first direct experimental proof of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00113-00034256-00034570 heliocentrism improvements in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00114-00034571-00034819 observational astronomy and the use of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00115-00034820-00035110 unmanned spacecraft have since enabled
+c5lpzeicm9g-00116-00035111-00035326 the detailed investigation of other
+c5lpzeicm9g-00117-00035327-00036001 bodies orbiting the Sun
+c5lpzeicm9g-00118-00036002-00036654 topic structure and Composition
+c5lpzeicm9g-00119-00036655-00036905 the principle component of the solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00120-00036906-00037245 system as the Sun a g2 main sequence
+c5lpzeicm9g-00121-00037246-00037499 star that contains ninety nine point
+c5lpzeicm9g-00122-00037500-00037749 eight six percent of the system's known
+c5lpzeicm9g-00123-00037750-00038027 mass and dominates it gravitationally
+c5lpzeicm9g-00124-00038028-00038376 the sun's four largest orbiting bodies
+c5lpzeicm9g-00125-00038377-00038649 the giant planets account for ninety
+c5lpzeicm9g-00126-00038650-00038892 nine percent of the remaining mass with
+c5lpzeicm9g-00127-00038893-00039168 Jupiter and Saturn together comprising
+c5lpzeicm9g-00128-00039169-00039477 more than ninety percent the remaining
+c5lpzeicm9g-00129-00039478-00039696 objects of the solar system including
+c5lpzeicm9g-00130-00039697-00039993 the four terrestrial planets the dwarf
+c5lpzeicm9g-00131-00039994-00040296 planets moons asteroids and comets
+c5lpzeicm9g-00132-00040297-00040833 together comprise less than 0.002% of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00133-00040834-00041133 the solar system's total mass most large
+c5lpzeicm9g-00134-00041134-00041385 objects in orbit around the Sun line
+c5lpzeicm9g-00135-00041386-00041633 near the plane of Earth's orbit known as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00136-00041634-00041973 the ecliptic the planets are very close
+c5lpzeicm9g-00137-00041974-00042215 to the ecliptic whereas comets and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00138-00042216-00042470 Kuiper belt objects are frequently at
+c5lpzeicm9g-00139-00042471-00042780 significantly greater angles to it all
+c5lpzeicm9g-00140-00042781-00043112 the planets and most other objects orbit
+c5lpzeicm9g-00141-00043113-00043346 the Sun in the same direction that the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00142-00043347-00043608 Sun is rotating counterclockwise as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00143-00043609-00043840 viewed from above Earth's North Pole
+c5lpzeicm9g-00144-00043841-00044162 there are exceptions such as Halley's
+c5lpzeicm9g-00145-00044163-00044505 Comet the overall structure of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00146-00044506-00044754 charted regions of the solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-00147-00044755-00045036 consists of the Sun for relatively small
+c5lpzeicm9g-00148-00045037-00045330 inner planets surrounded by a belt of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00149-00045331-00045639 mostly rocky asteroids and four giant
+c5lpzeicm9g-00150-00045640-00045899 planets surrounded by the Kuiper belt of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00151-00045900-00046323 mostly icy objects astronomers sometimes
+c5lpzeicm9g-00152-00046324-00046577 informally divide this structure into
+c5lpzeicm9g-00153-00046578-00046862 separate regions the inner solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-00154-00046863-00047160 includes the four terrestrial planets
+c5lpzeicm9g-00155-00047161-00047489 and the asteroid belt the outer solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00156-00047490-00047745 system is beyond the asteroids including
+c5lpzeicm9g-00157-00047746-00048120 the four giant planets since the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00158-00048121-00048330 discovery of the Kuiper belt the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00159-00048331-00048593 outermost parts of the solar system are
+c5lpzeicm9g-00160-00048594-00048867 considered a distinct region consisting
+c5lpzeicm9g-00161-00048868-00049133 of the objects beyond Neptune most of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00162-00049134-00049364 the planets in the solar system have
+c5lpzeicm9g-00163-00049365-00049629 secondary systems of their own being
+c5lpzeicm9g-00164-00049630-00049883 orbited by planetary objects called
+c5lpzeicm9g-00165-00049884-00050018 natural saddle
+c5lpzeicm9g-00166-00050019-00050348 or moons two of which Titan and Ganymede
+c5lpzeicm9g-00167-00050349-00050604 are larger than the planet Mercury and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00168-00050605-00050907 in the case of the four giant planets by
+c5lpzeicm9g-00169-00050908-00051176 planetary rings thin bands of tiny
+c5lpzeicm9g-00170-00051177-00051554 particles that orbit them in unison most
+c5lpzeicm9g-00171-00051555-00051815 of the largest natural satellites are in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00172-00051816-00052076 synchronous rotation with one face
+c5lpzeicm9g-00173-00052077-00052394 permanently turned toward their parent
+c5lpzeicm9g-00174-00052395-00052663 Kepler's laws of planetary motion
+c5lpzeicm9g-00175-00052664-00052938 described the orbits of objects about
+c5lpzeicm9g-00176-00052939-00053274 the Sun following Kepler's laws each
+c5lpzeicm9g-00177-00053275-00053529 object travels along an ellipse with the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00178-00053529-00053940 Sun at one focus objects closer to the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00179-00053941-00054285 Sun with smaller semi-major axes travel
+c5lpzeicm9g-00180-00054286-00054471 more quickly because they are more
+c5lpzeicm9g-00181-00054472-00054798 affected by the sun's gravity on an
+c5lpzeicm9g-00182-00054799-00055067 elliptical orbit a body's distance from
+c5lpzeicm9g-00183-00055069-00055311 the Sun varies over the course of its
+c5lpzeicm9g-00184-00055312-00055641 year a body's closest approach to the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00185-00055641-00055941 Sun is called its perihelion whereas its
+c5lpzeicm9g-00186-00055941-00056163 most distant point from the Sun is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00187-00056164-00056492 called its aphelion the orbits of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00188-00056494-00056738 planets are nearly circular but many
+c5lpzeicm9g-00189-00056739-00057087 comets asteroids and Kuiper belt objects
+c5lpzeicm9g-00190-00057088-00057423 follow highly elliptical orbits the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00191-00057424-00057632 positions of the bodies in the solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00192-00057633-00057926 system can be predicted using numerical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00193-00057927-00058299 models although the Sun dominates the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00194-00058300-00058538 system by mass it accounts for only
+c5lpzeicm9g-00195-00058539-00058943 about 2% of the angular momentum the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00196-00058944-00059262 planets dominated by Jupiter account for
+c5lpzeicm9g-00197-00059263-00059472 most of the rest of the angular momentum
+c5lpzeicm9g-00198-00059473-00059717 due to the combination of their mass
+c5lpzeicm9g-00199-00059719-00059997 orbit and distance from the Sun with a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00200-00059998-00060269 possibly significant contribution from
+c5lpzeicm9g-00201-00060270-00060546 comets the Sun which comprises nearly
+c5lpzeicm9g-00202-00060547-00060810 all the matter in the solar system is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00203-00060811-00061163 composed of roughly 98% hydrogen and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00204-00061164-00061548 helium Jupiter and Saturn which comprise
+c5lpzeicm9g-00205-00061549-00061809 nearly all the remaining matter are also
+c5lpzeicm9g-00206-00061810-00062073 primarily composed of hydrogen and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00207-00062074-00062472 helium a composition gradient exists in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00208-00062473-00062721 the solar system created by heat and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00209-00062722-00062942 light pressure from the Sun those
+c5lpzeicm9g-00210-00062944-00063228 objects closer to the Sun which are more
+c5lpzeicm9g-00211-00063229-00063462 affected by heat and light pressure
+c5lpzeicm9g-00212-00063463-00063660 are composed of elements with high
+c5lpzeicm9g-00213-00063661-00064023 melting points objects farther from the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00214-00064024-00064292 Sun are composed largely of materials
+c5lpzeicm9g-00215-00064294-00064653 with lower melting points the boundary
+c5lpzeicm9g-00216-00064654-00064913 in the solar system beyond which those
+c5lpzeicm9g-00217-00064914-00065172 volatile substances could condense is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00218-00065173-00065429 known as the frost line and it lies at
+c5lpzeicm9g-00219-00065430-00065709 roughly 5 astronomical units from the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00220-00065710-00065934 Sun the objects of the inner solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00221-00065935-00066234 system are composed mostly of rock the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00222-00066235-00066476 collective name for compounds with high
+c5lpzeicm9g-00223-00066477-00066794 melting points such as silicates iron or
+c5lpzeicm9g-00224-00066795-00067035 nickel that remain solid under almost
+c5lpzeicm9g-00225-00067036-00067305 all conditions in the protoplanetary
+c5lpzeicm9g-00226-00067306-00067680 nebula Jupiter and Saturn are composed
+c5lpzeicm9g-00227-00067681-00067982 mainly of gases the astronomical term
+c5lpzeicm9g-00228-00067983-00068268 for materials with extremely low melting
+c5lpzeicm9g-00229-00068269-00068565 points and high vapor pressure such as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00230-00068566-00068855 hydrogen helium and neon which were
+c5lpzeicm9g-00231-00068856-00069084 always in the gaseous phase in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00232-00069085-00069516 nebula ices like water methane ammonia
+c5lpzeicm9g-00233-00069517-00069893 hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide have
+c5lpzeicm9g-00234-00069894-00070088 melting points up to a few hundred
+c5lpzeicm9g-00235-00070089-00070473 kelvins they can be found as ices
+c5lpzeicm9g-00236-00070474-00070815 liquids or gases in various places in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00237-00070816-00071061 the solar system whereas in the nebula
+c5lpzeicm9g-00238-00071062-00071298 they were either in the solid or gaseous
+c5lpzeicm9g-00239-00071299-00071703 phase icy substances comprise the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00240-00071704-00071951 majority of the satellites of the giant
+c5lpzeicm9g-00241-00071952-00072230 planets as well as most of Uranus and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00242-00072231-00072287 Neptune
+c5lpzeicm9g-00243-00072288-00072557 the so called ice giants and the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00244-00072558-00072863 numerous small objects that lie beyond
+c5lpzeicm9g-00245-00072864-00073226 Neptune's orbit together gases and ices
+c5lpzeicm9g-00246-00073227-00073867 are referred to as volatile
+c5lpzeicm9g-00247-00073868-00074568 topic distances and scales the distance
+c5lpzeicm9g-00248-00074569-00074757 from Earth to the Sun is one
+c5lpzeicm9g-00249-00074758-00075093 astronomical unit Oh 150 million
+c5lpzeicm9g-00250-00075094-00075525 kilometers 93 million miles for
+c5lpzeicm9g-00251-00075526-00075915 comparison the radius of the Sun is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00252-00075916-00076317 0.004 7 astronomical units seven hundred
+c5lpzeicm9g-00253-00076318-00076481 thousand kilometers
+c5lpzeicm9g-00254-00076482-00077197 thus the Sun occupies 0.00001% ten minus
+c5lpzeicm9g-00255-00077198-00077422 five percent of the volume of a sphere
+c5lpzeicm9g-00256-00077423-00077704 with a radius the size of Earth's orbit
+c5lpzeicm9g-00257-00077705-00077982 where as Earth's volume is roughly 1
+c5lpzeicm9g-00258-00077983-00078279 million ten minus six that of the Sun
+c5lpzeicm9g-00259-00078280-00078703 Jupiter the largest planet is 5.2
+c5lpzeicm9g-00260-00078704-00079015 astronomical units 780 million
+c5lpzeicm9g-00261-00079016-00079323 kilometers from the Sun and has a radius
+c5lpzeicm9g-00262-00079324-00079911 of 71 thousand kilometres 0.0004 seven
+c5lpzeicm9g-00263-00079912-00080169 astronomical units whereas the most
+c5lpzeicm9g-00264-00080170-00080429 distant planet Neptune is 30
+c5lpzeicm9g-00265-00080430-00080860 astronomical units 4.5 times 109
+c5lpzeicm9g-00266-00080861-00081243 kilometres from the Sun with a few
+c5lpzeicm9g-00267-00081244-00081513 exceptions the farther a planet our belt
+c5lpzeicm9g-00268-00081514-00081741 is from the Sun the larger the distance
+c5lpzeicm9g-00269-00081742-00081985 between its orbit and the orbit of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00270-00081986-00082311 next nearer object to the Sun for
+c5lpzeicm9g-00271-00082312-00082734 example venus is approximately 0.33
+c5lpzeicm9g-00272-00082735-00082998 astronomical units farther out from the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00273-00082999-00083385 Sun than mercury whereas Saturn is 4.3
+c5lpzeicm9g-00274-00083386-00083665 astronomical units out from Jupiter and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00275-00083666-00083994 Neptune lies ten point five astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00276-00083995-00084351 units out from Uranus attempts have been
+c5lpzeicm9g-00277-00084352-00084612 made to determine a relationship between
+c5lpzeicm9g-00278-00084613-00084930 these orbital distances for example the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00279-00084931-00085230 Tisha's bode law but no such theory has
+c5lpzeicm9g-00280-00085231-00085524 been accepted the images at the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00281-00085525-00085731 beginning of this section show the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00282-00085732-00085984 orbits of the various constituents of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00283-00085985-00086324 the solar system on different scales
+c5lpzeicm9g-00284-00086325-00086636 some solar system models attempt to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00285-00086637-00086893 convey the relative scales involved in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00286-00086894-00087292 the solar system on human terms some are
+c5lpzeicm9g-00287-00087293-00087562 small in scale and may be mechanical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00288-00087563-00087982 called orys whereas others extend across
+c5lpzeicm9g-00289-00087983-00088367 cities or regional areas the largest
+c5lpzeicm9g-00290-00088368-00088693 such scale model the Sweden solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-00291-00088694-00089206 uses the 110 meter 361 feet Ericsson
+c5lpzeicm9g-00292-00089207-00089498 Globe in Stockholm as its substitute Sun
+c5lpzeicm9g-00293-00089499-00089899 and following the scale Jupiter is a 7.5
+c5lpzeicm9g-00294-00089900-00090217 meters 25 foot sphere at Arlanda
+c5lpzeicm9g-00295-00090218-00090556 International Airport 40 kilometres 25
+c5lpzeicm9g-00296-00090557-00090907 miles away whereas the farthest current
+c5lpzeicm9g-00297-00090908-00091271 object Sedna is a 10 centimeters 4 in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00298-00091272-00091831 sphere in luleå 912 kilometres 567 miles
+c5lpzeicm9g-00299-00091832-00092129 away if the Sun Neptune distance is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00300-00092130-00092435 scaled to 100 metres then the Sun would
+c5lpzeicm9g-00301-00092436-00092676 be about 3 centimeters in diameter
+c5lpzeicm9g-00302-00092677-00092974 roughly two-thirds the diameter of a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00303-00092975-00093041 golf ball
+c5lpzeicm9g-00304-00093042-00093299 the giant planets would be all smaller
+c5lpzeicm9g-00305-00093300-00093538 than about 3 millimeters and Earth's
+c5lpzeicm9g-00306-00093539-00093762 diameter along with that of the other
+c5lpzeicm9g-00307-00093763-00094006 terrestrial planets would be smaller
+c5lpzeicm9g-00308-00094007-00094369 than a flea 0.3 millimeters at this
+c5lpzeicm9g-00309-00094370-00094940 scale
+c5lpzeicm9g-00310-00094941-00095662 topic formation and evolution the solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00311-00095663-00095983 system formed four point five six eight
+c5lpzeicm9g-00312-00095984-00096268 billion years ago from the gravitational
+c5lpzeicm9g-00313-00096269-00096487 collapse of a region within a large
+c5lpzeicm9g-00314-00096488-00096862 molecular cloud this initial cloud was
+c5lpzeicm9g-00315-00096863-00097096 likely several light years across and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00316-00097097-00097501 probably birthed several stars as is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00317-00097502-00097768 typical of molecular clouds this one
+c5lpzeicm9g-00318-00097769-00098059 consisted mostly of hydrogen with some
+c5lpzeicm9g-00319-00098060-00098290 helium and small amounts of heavier
+c5lpzeicm9g-00320-00098291-00098590 elements fused by previous generations
+c5lpzeicm9g-00321-00098591-00098962 of stars as the region that would become
+c5lpzeicm9g-00322-00098963-00099244 the solar system known as the pre solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00323-00099245-00099544 nebula collapsed conservation of angular
+c5lpzeicm9g-00324-00099545-00099973 momentum caused it to rotate faster the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00325-00099974-00100237 center where most of the mass collected
+c5lpzeicm9g-00326-00100238-00100468 became increasingly hotter than the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00327-00100469-00100798 surrounding disk as the contracting
+c5lpzeicm9g-00328-00100799-00101083 nebula rotated faster it began to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00329-00101084-00101371 flatten into a protoplanetary disk with
+c5lpzeicm9g-00330-00101372-00101698 a diameter of roughly 200 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00331-00101699-00101962 units and a hot dense proto star at the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00332-00101963-00102316 center the planets formed by accretion
+c5lpzeicm9g-00333-00102317-00102615 from this disk in which dust and gas
+c5lpzeicm9g-00334-00102616-00102859 gravitationally attracted each other
+c5lpzeicm9g-00335-00102860-00103188 coalescing to form ever larger bodies
+c5lpzeicm9g-00336-00103189-00103450 hundreds of protoplanets may have
+c5lpzeicm9g-00337-00103451-00103726 existed in the early solar system but
+c5lpzeicm9g-00338-00103727-00103933 they either merged or were destroyed
+c5lpzeicm9g-00339-00103934-00104222 leaving the planets dwarf planets and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00340-00104223-00104599 leftover minor bodies due to their
+c5lpzeicm9g-00341-00104600-00104884 higher boiling points only metals and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00342-00104885-00105173 silicates could exist in solid form in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00343-00105174-00105458 the warm inner solar system close to the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00344-00105458-00105703 Sun and these would eventually form the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00345-00105704-00106036 rocky planets of Mercury Venus Earth and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00346-00106037-00106144 Mars
+c5lpzeicm9g-00347-00106145-00106477 because metallic elements only comprised
+c5lpzeicm9g-00348-00106478-00106714 a very small fraction of the solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00349-00106715-00107002 nebula the terrestrial planets could not
+c5lpzeicm9g-00350-00107003-00107362 grow very large the giant planets
+c5lpzeicm9g-00351-00107363-00107764 Jupiter Saturn Uranus and Neptune formed
+c5lpzeicm9g-00352-00107765-00108034 further out beyond the frost line the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00353-00108035-00108248 point between the orbits of Mars and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00354-00108249-00108326 Jupiter
+c5lpzeicm9g-00355-00108327-00108566 we're material is cool enough for
+c5lpzeicm9g-00356-00108567-00108871 volatile icy compounds to remain solid
+c5lpzeicm9g-00357-00108872-00109208 the ices that form these planets were
+c5lpzeicm9g-00358-00109208-00109418 more plentiful than the metals and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00359-00109419-00109649 silicates that formed the terrestrial
+c5lpzeicm9g-00360-00109650-00109880 inner planets allowing them to grow
+c5lpzeicm9g-00361-00109881-00110081 massive enough to capture large
+c5lpzeicm9g-00362-00110082-00110381 atmospheres of hydrogen and helium the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00363-00110382-00110741 lightest and most abundant elements left
+c5lpzeicm9g-00364-00110742-00111014 over debris that never became planets
+c5lpzeicm9g-00365-00111015-00111257 congregated in regions such as the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00366-00111258-00111574 asteroid belt Kuiper belt and Oort cloud
+c5lpzeicm9g-00367-00111575-00111923 the nice model is an explanation for the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00368-00111924-00112151 creation of these regions and how the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00369-00112152-00112373 outer planets could have formed in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00370-00112374-00112598 different positions and migrated to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00371-00112599-00112828 their current orbits through various
+c5lpzeicm9g-00372-00112829-00113258 gravitational interactions within 50
+c5lpzeicm9g-00373-00113258-00113485 million years the pressure and density
+c5lpzeicm9g-00374-00113486-00113720 of hydrogen in the center of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00375-00113721-00113981 protostar became great enough for it to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00376-00113982-00114310 begin thermonuclear fusion the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00377-00114311-00114599 temperature reaction rate pressure and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00378-00114600-00114875 density increased until hydrostatic
+c5lpzeicm9g-00379-00114876-00115124 equilibrium was achieved the thermal
+c5lpzeicm9g-00380-00115125-00115402 pressure equaled the force of gravity at
+c5lpzeicm9g-00381-00115403-00115660 this point the Sun became a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00382-00115661-00115901 main-sequence star the main-sequence
+c5lpzeicm9g-00383-00115902-00116231 phase from beginning to end will last
+c5lpzeicm9g-00384-00116232-00116480 about 10 billion years for the Sun
+c5lpzeicm9g-00385-00116481-00116777 compared to around 2 billion years for
+c5lpzeicm9g-00386-00116778-00116999 all other phases of the sun's pre
+c5lpzeicm9g-00387-00117000-00117368 remnant life combined solar wind from
+c5lpzeicm9g-00388-00117369-00117634 the Sun created the heliosphere and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00389-00117635-00117875 swept away the remaining gas and dust
+c5lpzeicm9g-00390-00117876-00118133 from the protoplanetary disk into
+c5lpzeicm9g-00391-00118133-00118403 interstellar space ending the planetary
+c5lpzeicm9g-00392-00118404-00118775 formation process the Sun is growing
+c5lpzeicm9g-00393-00118776-00119054 brighter early in its main sequence life
+c5lpzeicm9g-00394-00119055-00119372 its brightness was 70% that of what it
+c5lpzeicm9g-00395-00119373-00119618 is today the solar system will remain
+c5lpzeicm9g-00396-00119619-00119900 roughly as we know it today until the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00397-00119901-00120158 hydrogen in the core of the Sun has been
+c5lpzeicm9g-00398-00120158-00120431 entirely converted to helium which will
+c5lpzeicm9g-00399-00120432-00120658 occur roughly five billion years from
+c5lpzeicm9g-00400-00120659-00121013 now this will mark the end of the sun's
+c5lpzeicm9g-00401-00121014-00121360 main-sequence life at this time the core
+c5lpzeicm9g-00402-00121361-00121609 of the Sun will contract with hydrogen
+c5lpzeicm9g-00403-00121610-00121682 fusion
+c5lpzeicm9g-00404-00121683-00121907 occurring along a shell surrounding the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00405-00121908-00122176 inert helium and the energy output will
+c5lpzeicm9g-00406-00122177-00122476 be much greater than at present the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00407-00122477-00122752 outer layers of the Sun will expand to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00408-00122753-00123113 roughly 260 times its current diameter
+c5lpzeicm9g-00409-00123114-00123394 and the Sun will become a red giant
+c5lpzeicm9g-00410-00123395-00123688 because of its vastly increased surface
+c5lpzeicm9g-00411-00123689-00123940 area the surface of the Sun will be
+c5lpzeicm9g-00412-00123941-00124388 considerably cooler 2600k at its coolest
+c5lpzeicm9g-00413-00124389-00124706 than it is on the main sequence the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00414-00124707-00124975 expanding Sun is expected to vaporize
+c5lpzeicm9g-00415-00124976-00125323 mercury and render earth uninhabitable
+c5lpzeicm9g-00416-00125324-00125575 eventually the core will be hot enough
+c5lpzeicm9g-00417-00125576-00125846 for helium fusion the Sun will burn
+c5lpzeicm9g-00418-00125847-00126068 helium for a fraction of the time it
+c5lpzeicm9g-00419-00126069-00126425 burned hydrogen in the core the Sun is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00420-00126426-00126637 not massive enough to commence the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00421-00126638-00126889 fusion of heavier elements and nuclear
+c5lpzeicm9g-00422-00126890-00127225 reactions in the core will dwindle its
+c5lpzeicm9g-00423-00127226-00127493 outer layers will move away into space
+c5lpzeicm9g-00424-00127494-00127741 leaving a white dwarf an extraordinarily
+c5lpzeicm9g-00425-00127742-00128072 dense object half the original mass of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00426-00128073-00128408 the Sun but only the size of earth the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00427-00128408-00128657 ejected outer layers will form what is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00428-00128658-00128948 known as a planetary nebula returning
+c5lpzeicm9g-00429-00128949-00129194 some of the material that formed the Sun
+c5lpzeicm9g-00430-00129195-00129511 but now enriched with heavier elements
+c5lpzeicm9g-00431-00129513-00129985 like carbon to the interstellar medium
+c5lpzeicm9g-00432-00129986-00130350 you
+c5lpzeicm9g-00433-00130351-00131082 topic Sun the Sun is the solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-00434-00131083-00131337 star and by far its most massive
+c5lpzeicm9g-00435-00131338-00131712 component its large mass three hundred
+c5lpzeicm9g-00436-00131713-00131940 thirty two thousand nine hundred earth
+c5lpzeicm9g-00437-00131941-00132246 masses which comprises ninety-nine point
+c5lpzeicm9g-00438-00132247-00132501 eight six percent of all the mass in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00439-00132502-00132804 solar system produces temperatures and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00440-00132805-00133044 densities in its core high enough to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00441-00133045-00133320 sustain nuclear fusion of hydrogen into
+c5lpzeicm9g-00442-00133321-00133628 helium making it a main-sequence star
+c5lpzeicm9g-00443-00133629-00133944 this releases an enormous amount of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00444-00133945-00133995 energy
+c5lpzeicm9g-00445-00133996-00134258 mostly radiated into space as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00446-00134259-00134511 electromagnetic radiation peaking in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00447-00134512-00134829 visible light the Sun is a g2 type main
+c5lpzeicm9g-00448-00134830-00135222 sequence star hotter main sequence stars
+c5lpzeicm9g-00449-00135223-00135480 are more luminous the sun's temperature
+c5lpzeicm9g-00450-00135481-00135732 is intermediate between that of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00451-00135733-00135969 hottest stars and that of the coolest
+c5lpzeicm9g-00452-00135970-00136347 stars stars brighter and hotter than the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00453-00136348-00136596 Sun are rare whereas substantially
+c5lpzeicm9g-00454-00136597-00136860 dimmer and cooler stars known as red
+c5lpzeicm9g-00455-00136861-00137241 dwarfs make up 85% of the stars in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00456-00137242-00137553 Milky Way the Sun is a population I star
+c5lpzeicm9g-00457-00137554-00137772 it has a higher abundance of elements
+c5lpzeicm9g-00458-00137773-00138096 heavier than hydrogen and helium medals
+c5lpzeicm9g-00459-00138097-00138426 in astronomical parlance than the older
+c5lpzeicm9g-00460-00138427-00138741 population two stars elements heavier
+c5lpzeicm9g-00461-00138742-00139032 than hydrogen and helium were formed in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00462-00139033-00139308 the cores of ancient and exploding stars
+c5lpzeicm9g-00463-00139309-00139605 so the first generation of stars had to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00464-00139606-00139788 die before the universe could be
+c5lpzeicm9g-00465-00139789-00140124 enriched with these atoms the oldest
+c5lpzeicm9g-00466-00140125-00140349 stars contain few metals
+c5lpzeicm9g-00467-00140350-00140709 whereas stars born later have more this
+c5lpzeicm9g-00468-00140710-00140943 high metallicity is thought to have been
+c5lpzeicm9g-00469-00140944-00141189 crucial to the sun's development of a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00470-00141190-00141435 planetary system because the planets
+c5lpzeicm9g-00471-00141436-00142163 form from the accretion of metals
+c5lpzeicm9g-00472-00142164-00142804 topic interplanetary medium
+c5lpzeicm9g-00473-00142805-00143104 the vast majority of the solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-00474-00143105-00143374 consists of a near vacuum known as the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00475-00143375-00143722 interplanetary medium along with light
+c5lpzeicm9g-00476-00143723-00143995 the Sun radiates a continuous stream of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00477-00143996-00144310 charged particles a plasma known as the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00478-00144311-00144631 solar wind this stream of particles
+c5lpzeicm9g-00479-00144632-00144973 spreads outwards at roughly 1.5 million
+c5lpzeicm9g-00480-00144974-00145288 kilometers per hour creating a tenuous
+c5lpzeicm9g-00481-00145289-00145492 atmosphere that permeates the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00482-00145493-00145744 interplanetary medium out to at least
+c5lpzeicm9g-00483-00145745-00145990 100 astronomical units
+c5lpzeicm9g-00484-00145991-00146362 see section heliosphere activity on the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00485-00146363-00146632 sun's surface such as solar flares and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00486-00146633-00146926 coronal mass ejections disturbs the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00487-00146927-00147178 heliosphere creating space weather and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00488-00147179-00147580 causing geomagnetic storms the largest
+c5lpzeicm9g-00489-00147581-00147829 structure within the heliosphere as the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00490-00147830-00148138 Heliospheric current sheet a spiral form
+c5lpzeicm9g-00491-00148139-00148369 created by the actions of the sun's
+c5lpzeicm9g-00492-00148370-00148606 rotating magnetic field on the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00493-00148607-00148876 interplanetary medium Earth's magnetic
+c5lpzeicm9g-00494-00148877-00149146 field stops its atmosphere from being
+c5lpzeicm9g-00495-00149147-00149497 stripped away by the solar wind Venus
+c5lpzeicm9g-00496-00149498-00149779 and Mars do not have magnetic fields and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00497-00149780-00150025 as a result the solar wind is causing
+c5lpzeicm9g-00498-00150026-00150271 their atmospheres to gradually bleed
+c5lpzeicm9g-00499-00150272-00150667 away into space coronal mass ejections
+c5lpzeicm9g-00500-00150668-00150958 and similar events blow a magnetic field
+c5lpzeicm9g-00501-00150959-00151234 and huge quantities of material from the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00502-00151235-00151549 surface of the Sun the interaction of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00503-00151550-00151810 this magnetic field and material with
+c5lpzeicm9g-00504-00151811-00152062 Earth's magnetic field funnels charged
+c5lpzeicm9g-00505-00152063-00152245 particles into Earth's upper atmosphere
+c5lpzeicm9g-00506-00152246-00152575 where its interactions create aurorae
+c5lpzeicm9g-00507-00152576-00152905 seen near the magnetic poles
+c5lpzeicm9g-00508-00152906-00153208 the heliosphere and planetary magnetic
+c5lpzeicm9g-00509-00153209-00153457 fields for those planets that have them
+c5lpzeicm9g-00510-00153458-00153730 partially shield the solar system from
+c5lpzeicm9g-00511-00153731-00153955 high-energy interstellar particles
+c5lpzeicm9g-00512-00153956-00154360 called cosmic rays the density of cosmic
+c5lpzeicm9g-00513-00154361-00154609 rays in the interstellar medium and the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00514-00154610-00154798 strength of the sun's magnetic field
+c5lpzeicm9g-00515-00154799-00155122 change on very long timescales so the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00516-00155123-00155398 level of cosmic ray penetration in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00517-00155399-00155665 solar system varies though by how much
+c5lpzeicm9g-00518-00155666-00155974 as unknown the interplanetary medium as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00519-00155975-00156238 home to at least two disk-like regions
+c5lpzeicm9g-00520-00156239-00156625 of cosmic dust the first the zodiacal
+c5lpzeicm9g-00521-00156626-00156868 dust cloud lies in the inner solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00522-00156869-00157240 system and causes the zodiacal light it
+c5lpzeicm9g-00523-00157241-00157495 was likely formed by collisions within
+c5lpzeicm9g-00524-00157496-00157719 the asteroid belt brought on by
+c5lpzeicm9g-00525-00157720-00157954 gravitational interactions with the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00526-00157955-00158323 planets the second dust cloud extends
+c5lpzeicm9g-00527-00158324-00158593 from about ten astronomical units to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00528-00158594-00158866 about 40 astronomical units and was
+c5lpzeicm9g-00529-00158867-00159136 probably created by similar collisions
+c5lpzeicm9g-00530-00159137-00159793 within the Kuiper belt
+c5lpzeicm9g-00531-00159794-00160410 topic inner solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-00532-00160411-00160691 the inner solar system as the region
+c5lpzeicm9g-00533-00160692-00160956 comprising the terrestrial planets and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00534-00160957-00161283 the asteroid belt composed mainly of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00535-00161284-00161562 silicates and metals the objects of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00536-00161563-00161835 inner solar system are relatively close
+c5lpzeicm9g-00537-00161836-00162089 to the Sun the radius of this entire
+c5lpzeicm9g-00538-00162090-00162306 region is less than the distance between
+c5lpzeicm9g-00539-00162307-00162675 the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn this
+c5lpzeicm9g-00540-00162676-00162936 region is also within the frost line
+c5lpzeicm9g-00541-00162937-00163150 which is a little less than five
+c5lpzeicm9g-00542-00163151-00163458 astronomical units about 700 million
+c5lpzeicm9g-00543-00163459-00164130 kilometres from the Sun
+c5lpzeicm9g-00544-00164131-00164802 topic inner planets the for terrestrial
+c5lpzeicm9g-00545-00164803-00165092 or inner planets have dense rocky
+c5lpzeicm9g-00546-00165093-00165450 compositions few or no moons and no ring
+c5lpzeicm9g-00547-00165451-00165798 systems they are composed largely of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00548-00165799-00166047 refractory minerals such as the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00549-00166048-00166347 silicates which form their crusts and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00550-00166348-00166674 mantels and metals such as iron and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00551-00166675-00166904 nickel which form their cores
+c5lpzeicm9g-00552-00166905-00167208 three of the four inner planets Venus
+c5lpzeicm9g-00553-00167209-00167355 Earth and Mars
+c5lpzeicm9g-00554-00167356-00167631 have atmospheres substantial enough to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00555-00167632-00167904 generate weather all have impact craters
+c5lpzeicm9g-00556-00167905-00168168 and tectonic surface features such as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00557-00168169-00168525 rift valleys and volcanoes the term
+c5lpzeicm9g-00558-00168526-00168786 inner planet should not be confused with
+c5lpzeicm9g-00559-00168787-00169068 inferior planet which designates those
+c5lpzeicm9g-00560-00169069-00169320 planets that are closer to the Sun than
+c5lpzeicm9g-00561-00169321-00170055 Earth is ie Mercury and Venus
+c5lpzeicm9g-00562-00170056-00170886 topic mercury mercury 0.4 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00563-00170887-00171186 units from the Sun is the closest planet
+c5lpzeicm9g-00564-00171187-00171438 to the Sun and on average all seven
+c5lpzeicm9g-00565-00171439-00171804 other planets the smallest planet in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00566-00171805-00172332 solar system 0.05 5m mercury has no
+c5lpzeicm9g-00567-00172333-00172526 natural satellites
+c5lpzeicm9g-00568-00172527-00172871 besides impact craters it's only known
+c5lpzeicm9g-00569-00172872-00173163 geological features are low bridges or
+c5lpzeicm9g-00570-00173164-00173406 roots that were probably produced by a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00571-00173407-00173652 period of contraction early in its
+c5lpzeicm9g-00572-00173653-00173783 history
+c5lpzeicm9g-00573-00173784-00174062 Mercury's very tenuous atmosphere
+c5lpzeicm9g-00574-00174063-00174342 consists of atoms blasted off its
+c5lpzeicm9g-00575-00174343-00174549 surface by the solar wind
+c5lpzeicm9g-00576-00174550-00174915 it's relatively large iron core and thin
+c5lpzeicm9g-00577-00174916-00175134 mantle have not yet been adequately
+c5lpzeicm9g-00578-00175135-00175527 explained hypotheses include that its
+c5lpzeicm9g-00579-00175528-00175740 outer layers were stripped off by a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00580-00175741-00176010 giant impact or that it was prevented
+c5lpzeicm9g-00581-00176011-00176250 from fully accreting by the young sun's
+c5lpzeicm9g-00582-00176251-00177492 energy topic Venus Venus 0.7
+c5lpzeicm9g-00583-00177493-00177795 astronomical units from the Sun is close
+c5lpzeicm9g-00584-00177796-00178263 in size to earth 0.8 1/5 m and like
+c5lpzeicm9g-00585-00178264-00178536 Earth has a thick silicate mantle around
+c5lpzeicm9g-00586-00178537-00178770 an iron core a substantial atmosphere
+c5lpzeicm9g-00587-00178771-00179085 and evidence of internal geological
+c5lpzeicm9g-00588-00179086-00179451 activity it is much drier than earth and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00589-00179452-00179792 its atmosphere is 90 times as dense
+c5lpzeicm9g-00590-00179793-00180180 venus has no natural satellites it is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00591-00180181-00180387 the hottest planet with surface
+c5lpzeicm9g-00592-00180388-00180788 temperatures over 400 degrees Celsius
+c5lpzeicm9g-00593-00180789-00181152 752 degrees Fahrenheit most likely due
+c5lpzeicm9g-00594-00181153-00181410 to the amount of greenhouse gases in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00595-00181411-00181770 atmosphere no definitive evidence of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00596-00181771-00182031 current geological activity has been
+c5lpzeicm9g-00597-00182032-00182316 detected on Venus but it has no magnetic
+c5lpzeicm9g-00598-00182317-00182565 field that would prevent depletion of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00599-00182566-00182778 its substantial atmosphere which
+c5lpzeicm9g-00600-00182779-00183027 suggests that its atmosphere is being
+c5lpzeicm9g-00601-00183028-00183454 replenished by volcanic eruptions
+c5lpzeicm9g-00602-00183455-00183773 you
+c5lpzeicm9g-00603-00183774-00184412 topic earth earth one astronomical unit
+c5lpzeicm9g-00604-00184413-00184718 from the Sun is the largest and densest
+c5lpzeicm9g-00605-00184719-00184978 of the inner planets the only one known
+c5lpzeicm9g-00606-00184979-00185254 to have current geological activity and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00607-00185255-00185519 the only place where life is known to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00608-00185520-00185900 exist it's liquid hydrosphere is unique
+c5lpzeicm9g-00609-00185901-00186158 among the terrestrial planets and it is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00610-00186159-00186427 the only planet where plate tectonics
+c5lpzeicm9g-00611-00186428-00186778 has been observed Earth's atmosphere is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00612-00186779-00186976 radically different from those of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00613-00186977-00187232 other planets having been altered by the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00614-00187233-00187595 presence of life to contain 21% free
+c5lpzeicm9g-00615-00187596-00188000 oxygen it has one natural satellite the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00616-00188001-00188258 moon the only large satellite of a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00617-00188259-00188689 terrestrial planet in the solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-00618-00188690-00189007 you
+c5lpzeicm9g-00619-00189008-00189826 topic Mars Mars 1.5 astronomical units
+c5lpzeicm9g-00620-00189827-00190072 from the Sun is smaller than Earth and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00621-00190073-00190660 Venus 0.107 M it has an atmosphere of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00622-00190661-00190945 mostly carbon dioxide with a surface
+c5lpzeicm9g-00623-00190946-00191389 pressure of 6.1 millibars roughly 0.6
+c5lpzeicm9g-00624-00191390-00191701 percent of that of Earth its surface
+c5lpzeicm9g-00625-00191702-00191980 peppered with vast volcanoes such as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00626-00191981-00192268 Olympus Mons and rift valleys such as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00627-00192269-00192646 vias Marineris shows geological activity
+c5lpzeicm9g-00628-00192647-00192847 that may have persisted until as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00629-00192848-00193216 recently as two million years ago it's
+c5lpzeicm9g-00630-00193217-00193558 red color comes from iron oxide rust in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00631-00193559-00193960 its soil Mars has two tiny natural
+c5lpzeicm9g-00632-00193961-00194254 satellites Deimos and Phobos thought to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00633-00194255-00194545 be either captured asteroids or ejected
+c5lpzeicm9g-00634-00194546-00194806 debris from a massive impact early in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00635-00194807-00195420 Mars's history
+c5lpzeicm9g-00636-00195421-00196154 topic asteroid belt asteroids except for
+c5lpzeicm9g-00637-00196155-00196436 the largest series are classified as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00638-00196437-00196676 small solar system bodies and are
+c5lpzeicm9g-00639-00196677-00196971 composed mainly of refractory rocky and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00640-00196972-00197310 metallic minerals with some ice they
+c5lpzeicm9g-00641-00197311-00197573 range from a few meters to hundreds of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00642-00197574-00197951 kilometers in size asteroids smaller
+c5lpzeicm9g-00643-00197952-00198191 than one meter are usually called
+c5lpzeicm9g-00644-00198192-00198491 meteoroids and micro meteoroids grain
+c5lpzeicm9g-00645-00198492-00198771 sized depending on different somewhat
+c5lpzeicm9g-00646-00198772-00199187 arbitrary definitions the asteroid belt
+c5lpzeicm9g-00647-00199188-00199454 occupies the orbit between Mars and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00648-00199455-00199736 Jupiter between two point three and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00649-00199737-00200007 three point three astronomical units
+c5lpzeicm9g-00650-00200008-00200264 from the Sun it is thought to be
+c5lpzeicm9g-00651-00200265-00200477 remnants from the solar system's
+c5lpzeicm9g-00652-00200478-00200687 formation that failed to coalesce
+c5lpzeicm9g-00653-00200688-00200888 because of the gravitational
+c5lpzeicm9g-00654-00200889-00201227 interference of Jupiter the asteroid
+c5lpzeicm9g-00655-00201228-00201512 belt contains tens of thousands possibly
+c5lpzeicm9g-00656-00201513-00201822 millions of objects over one kilometer
+c5lpzeicm9g-00657-00201823-00202019 in diameter
+c5lpzeicm9g-00658-00202020-00202304 despite this the total mass of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00659-00202305-00202572 asteroid belt is unlikely to be more
+c5lpzeicm9g-00660-00202573-00202869 than a thousandth of that of Earth the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00661-00202870-00203185 asteroid belt is very sparsely populated
+c5lpzeicm9g-00662-00203186-00203453 spacecraft routinely pass through
+c5lpzeicm9g-00663-00203454-00204040 without incident
+c5lpzeicm9g-00664-00204041-00204896 topic series series 2.77 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00665-00204898-00205148 units is the largest asteroid a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00666-00205150-00205517 protoplanet and a dwarf planet it has a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00667-00205519-00205808 diameter of slightly under 1,000
+c5lpzeicm9g-00668-00205809-00206048 kilometers and a mass large enough for
+c5lpzeicm9g-00669-00206050-00206288 its own gravity to pull it into a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00670-00206289-00206669 spherical shape Ceres was considered a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00671-00206671-00206946 planet when it was discovered in 1801
+c5lpzeicm9g-00672-00206946-00207271 and was reclassified to asteroid in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00673-00207273-00207600 1850s as further observations revealed
+c5lpzeicm9g-00674-00207601-00207951 additional asteroids it was classified
+c5lpzeicm9g-00675-00207952-00208296 as a dwarf planet in 2006 when the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00676-00208296-00209003 definition of a planet was created
+c5lpzeicm9g-00677-00209004-00209711 topic asteroid groups asteroids in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00678-00209712-00210005 asteroid belt are divided into asteroid
+c5lpzeicm9g-00679-00210006-00210230 groups and families based on their
+c5lpzeicm9g-00680-00210231-00210598 orbital characteristics asteroid moons
+c5lpzeicm9g-00681-00210600-00210830 are asteroids that orbit larger
+c5lpzeicm9g-00682-00210831-00211088 asteroids they are not as clearly
+c5lpzeicm9g-00683-00211089-00211319 distinguished as planetary moons
+c5lpzeicm9g-00684-00211319-00211625 sometimes being almost as large as their
+c5lpzeicm9g-00685-00211626-00212030 partners the asteroid belt also contains
+c5lpzeicm9g-00686-00212031-00212315 main-belt comets which may have been the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00687-00212316-00212594 source of Earth's water Jupiter Trojans
+c5lpzeicm9g-00688-00212594-00212891 are located in either of Jupiter's l4 or
+c5lpzeicm9g-00689-00212892-00213263 l5 points gravitationally stable regions
+c5lpzeicm9g-00690-00213264-00213488 leading and trailing a planet in its
+c5lpzeicm9g-00691-00213489-00213794 orbit the term trojan is also used for
+c5lpzeicm9g-00692-00213794-00214069 small bodies in any other planetary our
+c5lpzeicm9g-00693-00214071-00214460 satellite Lagrange point hilde asteroids
+c5lpzeicm9g-00694-00214461-00214757 are in a 2 to 3 resonance with Jupiter
+c5lpzeicm9g-00695-00214758-00215017 that is they go around the Sun three
+c5lpzeicm9g-00696-00215019-00215317 times for every two Jupiter orbits the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00697-00215319-00215564 inner solar system also contains
+c5lpzeicm9g-00698-00215565-00215852 near-earth asteroids many of which cross
+c5lpzeicm9g-00699-00215853-00216209 the orbits of the inner planets some of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00700-00216210-00216946 them are potentially hazardous objects
+c5lpzeicm9g-00701-00216946-00217630 topic outer solar system the outer
+c5lpzeicm9g-00702-00217631-00217915 region of the solar system is home to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00703-00217916-00218196 the giant planets and their large moons
+c5lpzeicm9g-00704-00218196-00218515 the Centaurs and many short period
+c5lpzeicm9g-00705-00218516-00218910 comets also orbit in this region due to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00706-00218911-00219151 their greater distance from the Sun the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00707-00219152-00219407 solid objects in the outer solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-00708-00219408-00219708 contain a higher proportion of volatiles
+c5lpzeicm9g-00709-00219709-00220030 such as water ammonia and methane than
+c5lpzeicm9g-00710-00220031-00220279 those of the inner solar system because
+c5lpzeicm9g-00711-00220280-00220480 the lower temperatures allow these
+c5lpzeicm9g-00712-00220481-00221176 compounds to remain solid
+c5lpzeicm9g-00713-00221177-00221835 topic outer planets the four outer
+c5lpzeicm9g-00714-00221836-00222139 planets are giant planets sometimes
+c5lpzeicm9g-00715-00222140-00222439 called jovian planets collectively make
+c5lpzeicm9g-00716-00222440-00222766 up 99% of the mass known to orbit the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00717-00222767-00223144 Sun Jupiter and Saturn are together more
+c5lpzeicm9g-00718-00223144-00223423 than 400 times the mass of Earth and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00719-00223423-00223687 consist overwhelmingly of hydrogen and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00720-00223688-00224077 helium Uranus and Neptune are far less
+c5lpzeicm9g-00721-00224078-00224467 massive less than 20 Earth masses M each
+c5lpzeicm9g-00722-00224467-00224829 and are composed primarily of ices
+c5lpzeicm9g-00723-00224830-00225142 for these reasons some astronomers
+c5lpzeicm9g-00724-00225142-00225340 suggest they belong in their own
+c5lpzeicm9g-00725-00225341-00225766 category ice giants all four giant
+c5lpzeicm9g-00726-00225767-00225969 planets have rings although only
+c5lpzeicm9g-00727-00225971-00226273 Saturn's ring system is easily observed
+c5lpzeicm9g-00728-00226273-00226639 from Earth the term superior planet
+c5lpzeicm9g-00729-00226640-00226923 designates planets outside Earth's orbit
+c5lpzeicm9g-00730-00226925-00227194 and thus includes both the outer planets
+c5lpzeicm9g-00731-00227194-00227440 and Mars
+c5lpzeicm9g-00732-00227441-00227756 you
+c5lpzeicm9g-00733-00227757-00228539 topic Jupiter Jupiter 5.2 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00734-00228540-00229064 units at 318 M is 2.5 times the mass of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00735-00229065-00229412 all the other planets put together it is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00736-00229413-00229714 composed largely of hydrogen and helium
+c5lpzeicm9g-00737-00229715-00230050 Jupiter's strong internal heat creates
+c5lpzeicm9g-00738-00230051-00230246 semi-permanent features in its
+c5lpzeicm9g-00739-00230246-00230519 atmosphere such as cloud bands and the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00740-00230519-00230948 Great Red Spot jupiter has 79 known
+c5lpzeicm9g-00741-00230948-00231278 satellites the four largest Ganymede
+c5lpzeicm9g-00742-00231279-00231584 Callisto IO and Europa shows
+c5lpzeicm9g-00743-00231585-00231851 similarities to the terrestrial planets
+c5lpzeicm9g-00744-00231852-00232180 such as volcanism and internal heating
+c5lpzeicm9g-00745-00232181-00232463 Ganymede the largest satellite in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00746-00232464-00233296 solar system is larger than mercury
+c5lpzeicm9g-00747-00233298-00234023 Vick saturn saturn 9.5 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00748-00234023-00234290 units distinguished by its extensive
+c5lpzeicm9g-00749-00234291-00234592 ring system has several similarities to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00750-00234594-00234830 jupiter such as its atmospheric
+c5lpzeicm9g-00751-00234831-00235054 composition and magnetosphere
+c5lpzeicm9g-00752-00235055-00235433 although saturn has 60% of Jupiter's
+c5lpzeicm9g-00753-00235434-00235667 volume it is less than a third as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00754-00235667-00236084 massive at 95 M Saturn is the only
+c5lpzeicm9g-00755-00236085-00236366 planet of the solar system that is less
+c5lpzeicm9g-00756-00236367-00236726 dense than water the rings of Saturn are
+c5lpzeicm9g-00757-00236727-00237060 made up of small ice and rock particles
+c5lpzeicm9g-00758-00237061-00237437 Saturn has 62 confirmed satellites
+c5lpzeicm9g-00759-00237438-00237748 composed largely of ice two of these
+c5lpzeicm9g-00760-00237750-00238052 Titan and Enceladus shows signs of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00761-00238053-00238451 geological activity Titan the second
+c5lpzeicm9g-00762-00238452-00238700 largest moon in the solar system is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00763-00238701-00238925 larger than mercury and the only
+c5lpzeicm9g-00764-00238926-00239153 satellite in the solar system with a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00765-00239154-00239871 substantial atmosphere
+c5lpzeicm9g-00766-00239873-00240640 pick Uranus Uranus 19.2 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00767-00240641-00240957 units at 14 M is the lightest of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00768-00240958-00241332 outer planets uniquely among the planets
+c5lpzeicm9g-00769-00241333-00241654 it orbits the Sun on its side its axial
+c5lpzeicm9g-00770-00241655-00241953 tilt is over 90 degrees to the ecliptic
+c5lpzeicm9g-00771-00241954-00242283 it has a much colder core than the other
+c5lpzeicm9g-00772-00242284-00242583 giant planets and radiates very little
+c5lpzeicm9g-00773-00242584-00243031 heat into space Uranus has 27 known
+c5lpzeicm9g-00774-00243032-00243277 satellites the largest ones being
+c5lpzeicm9g-00775-00243278-00244173 titania Oberon Umbriel Ariel and Miranda
+c5lpzeicm9g-00776-00244175-00244976 topic neptune neptune 30.1 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00777-00244977-00245246 units those slightly smaller than Uranus
+c5lpzeicm9g-00778-00245246-00245596 is more massive 17 M and hence more
+c5lpzeicm9g-00779-00245598-00246008 dense it radiates more internal heat but
+c5lpzeicm9g-00780-00246009-00246362 not as much as Jupiter or Saturn Neptune
+c5lpzeicm9g-00781-00246363-00246755 has 14 known satellites the largest
+c5lpzeicm9g-00782-00246756-00247048 Triton is geologically active with
+c5lpzeicm9g-00783-00247050-00247436 geysers of liquid nitrogen Triton is the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00784-00247437-00247691 only large satellite with a retrograde
+c5lpzeicm9g-00785-00247692-00247967 orbit Neptune is accompanied in its
+c5lpzeicm9g-00786-00247967-00248248 orbit by several minor planets termed
+c5lpzeicm9g-00787-00248250-00248516 Neptune Trojans that are in one-to-one
+c5lpzeicm9g-00788-00248517-00249139 resonance with it
+c5lpzeicm9g-00789-00249140-00249661 topic send tours
+c5lpzeicm9g-00790-00249662-00250012 the Centaurs Ric comet-like bodies whose
+c5lpzeicm9g-00791-00250013-00250327 orbits have semi-major axes greater than
+c5lpzeicm9g-00792-00250328-00250696 Jupiter's 5.5 astronomical units and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00793-00250696-00250981 less than Neptune's 30 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00794-00250982-00251436 units the largest known cent or 10,000
+c5lpzeicm9g-00795-00251437-00251926 199 chariklo has a diameter of about 250
+c5lpzeicm9g-00796-00251927-00252286 kilometers the first Center discovered
+c5lpzeicm9g-00797-00252287-00252631 2060 Chiron has also been classified as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00798-00252632-00253006 comet 95 P because it develops a coma
+c5lpzeicm9g-00799-00253007-00253288 just as comets do when they approach the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00800-00253289-00253832 Sun
+c5lpzeicm9g-00801-00253833-00254367 topic comets
+c5lpzeicm9g-00802-00254367-00254679 comets are small solar system bodies
+c5lpzeicm9g-00803-00254680-00254963 typically only a few kilometers across
+c5lpzeicm9g-00804-00254964-00255384 composed largely of volatile ices they
+c5lpzeicm9g-00805-00255385-00255671 have highly eccentric orbits generally a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00806-00255673-00255915 perihelion within the orbits of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00807-00255916-00256185 inner planets and an aphelion far beyond
+c5lpzeicm9g-00808-00256186-00256539 Pluto when a comet enters the inner
+c5lpzeicm9g-00809-00256540-00256823 solar system its proximity to the Sun
+c5lpzeicm9g-00810-00256823-00257160 causes it's icy surface to sublimate and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00811-00257161-00257466 ionize creating a coma a long tail of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00812-00257467-00257733 gas and dust often visible to the naked
+c5lpzeicm9g-00813-00257734-00258173 eye short period comets have orbits
+c5lpzeicm9g-00814-00258175-00258558 lasting less than 200 years long period
+c5lpzeicm9g-00815-00258559-00258848 comets have orbits lasting thousands of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00816-00258850-00259155 years short period comets are thought to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00817-00259156-00259367 originate in the Kuiper belt
+c5lpzeicm9g-00818-00259369-00259653 whereas long period comets such as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00819-00259654-00259875 hale-bopp are thought to originate in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00820-00259876-00260273 the Oort cloud many comet groups such as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00821-00260275-00260544 the Kreutz Sungrazers formed from the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00822-00260544-00260910 breakup of a single parent some comments
+c5lpzeicm9g-00823-00260911-00261162 with hyperbolic orbits may originate
+c5lpzeicm9g-00824-00261163-00261450 outside the solar system but determining
+c5lpzeicm9g-00825-00261451-00261777 their precise orbits is difficult old
+c5lpzeicm9g-00826-00261778-00261998 comets that have had most of their
+c5lpzeicm9g-00827-00262000-00262269 volatile zhh driven out by solar warming
+c5lpzeicm9g-00828-00262270-00263060 are often categorized as asteroids
+c5lpzeicm9g-00829-00263061-00263728 topic trans-neptunian region
+c5lpzeicm9g-00830-00263729-00264010 beyond the orbit of Neptune lies the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00831-00264011-00264421 area of the trans-neptunian region with
+c5lpzeicm9g-00832-00264422-00264685 the donut shaped Kuiper belt home of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00833-00264686-00264964 Pluto and several other dwarf planets
+c5lpzeicm9g-00834-00264965-00265201 and an overlapping disc of scattered
+c5lpzeicm9g-00835-00265202-00265468 objects which is tilted toward the plane
+c5lpzeicm9g-00836-00265469-00265708 of the solar system and reaches much
+c5lpzeicm9g-00837-00265709-00266017 further out than the Kuiper belt the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00838-00266018-00266230 entire region is still largely
+c5lpzeicm9g-00839-00266231-00266515 unexplored it appears to consist
+c5lpzeicm9g-00840-00266516-00266767 overwhelmingly of many thousands of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00841-00266768-00267067 small worlds the largest having a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00842-00267068-00267343 diameter only 1/5 that of Earth and a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00843-00267344-00267612 mass far smaller than that of the moon
+c5lpzeicm9g-00844-00267613-00268009 composed mainly of rock and ice this
+c5lpzeicm9g-00845-00268010-00268255 region is sometimes described as the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00846-00268256-00268690 third zone of the solar system enclosing
+c5lpzeicm9g-00847-00268691-00269384 the inner and the outer solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-00848-00269385-00270083 topic Kuiper belt the Kuiper belt is a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00849-00270084-00270323 great ring of debris similar to the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00850-00270324-00270581 asteroid belt but consisting mainly of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00851-00270582-00270963 objects composed primarily of ice it
+c5lpzeicm9g-00852-00270964-00271334 extends between 30 and 50 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00853-00271335-00271563 units from the Sun though it is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00854-00271564-00271796 estimated to contain anything from
+c5lpzeicm9g-00855-00271797-00272084 dozens to thousands of dwarf planets it
+c5lpzeicm9g-00856-00272085-00272405 is composed mainly of small solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-00857-00272406-00272763 bodies many of the larger Kuiper belt
+c5lpzeicm9g-00858-00272764-00273117 objects such as Crower Varuna and orcas
+c5lpzeicm9g-00859-00273118-00273371 may prove to be dwarf planets with
+c5lpzeicm9g-00860-00273372-00273698 further data there are estimated to be
+c5lpzeicm9g-00861-00273699-00274046 over 100,000 Kuiper belt objects with a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00862-00274047-00274362 diameter greater than 50 kilometers but
+c5lpzeicm9g-00863-00274363-00274590 the total mass of the Kuiper belt is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00864-00274591-00274829 thought to be only a tenth or even a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00865-00274830-00275153 hundredth the mass of Earth many Kuiper
+c5lpzeicm9g-00866-00275154-00275429 belt objects have multiple satellites
+c5lpzeicm9g-00867-00275430-00275657 and most have orbits that take them
+c5lpzeicm9g-00868-00275658-00275892 outside the plane of the ecliptic the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00869-00275893-00276158 Kuiper belt can be roughly divided into
+c5lpzeicm9g-00870-00276159-00276493 the classical belt and the resonances
+c5lpzeicm9g-00871-00276494-00276773 resonances are orbits linked to that of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00872-00276774-00277097 Neptune eg twice for every three Neptune
+c5lpzeicm9g-00873-00277098-00277472 orbits or once for every two the first
+c5lpzeicm9g-00874-00277473-00277713 resonance begins within the orbit of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00875-00277714-00277979 Neptune itself the classical belt
+c5lpzeicm9g-00876-00277980-00278258 consists of objects having no resonance
+c5lpzeicm9g-00877-00278259-00278588 with Neptune and extends from roughly
+c5lpzeicm9g-00878-00278589-00279047 39.4 astronomical units to 47.7
+c5lpzeicm9g-00879-00279048-00279387 astronomical units members of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00880-00279388-00279663 classical Kuiper belt are classified as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00881-00279664-00279899 Q way notes after the first of their
+c5lpzeicm9g-00882-00279900-00280214 kind to be discovered fifteen thousand
+c5lpzeicm9g-00883-00280215-00280547 760 albion which previously had the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00884-00280548-00280979 provisional designation 1992 qb1 and are
+c5lpzeicm9g-00885-00280980-00281190 still in near primordial low
+c5lpzeicm9g-00886-00281191-00281828 eccentricity orbits
+c5lpzeicm9g-00887-00281829-00282542 topic Pluto and Charon the dwarf planet
+c5lpzeicm9g-00888-00282543-00282914 Pluto 39 astronomical units average is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00889-00282915-00283151 the largest known object in the Kuiper
+c5lpzeicm9g-00890-00283152-00283553 belt when discovered in 1930 it was
+c5lpzeicm9g-00891-00283554-00283823 considered to be the ninth planet this
+c5lpzeicm9g-00892-00283824-00284162 changed in 2006 with the adoption of a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00893-00284163-00284528 formal definition of planet Pluto has a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00894-00284529-00284867 relatively eccentric orbit inclined 17
+c5lpzeicm9g-00895-00284868-00285095 degrees to the ecliptic plane and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00896-00285096-00285494 ranging from 29.7 astronomical units
+c5lpzeicm9g-00897-00285495-00285749 from the Sun at perihelion within the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00898-00285750-00286166 orbit of Neptune to 49.5 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00899-00286167-00286493 units at aphelion Pluto has a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00900-00286494-00286714 three-to-two resonance with Neptune
+c5lpzeicm9g-00901-00286715-00287018 meaning that Pluto orbits twice round
+c5lpzeicm9g-00902-00287019-00287356 the Sun for every three Neptunian orbits
+c5lpzeicm9g-00903-00287357-00287693 Kuiper belt objects whose orbits share
+c5lpzeicm9g-00904-00287694-00287924 this resonance are called plutinos
+c5lpzeicm9g-00905-00287925-00288242 Charon the largest of Pluto's moons is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00906-00288243-00288509 sometimes described as part of a binary
+c5lpzeicm9g-00907-00288510-00288800 system with Pluto as the two bodies
+c5lpzeicm9g-00908-00288801-00289058 orbit of Eris center of gravity above
+c5lpzeicm9g-00909-00289059-00289388 their surfaces ie they appear to orbit
+c5lpzeicm9g-00910-00289389-00289718 each other beyond Charon for much
+c5lpzeicm9g-00911-00289719-00290069 smaller moons Styx Nix Kerberos and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00912-00290070-00290782 Hydra orbit within the system
+c5lpzeicm9g-00913-00290783-00291640 topic Makemake and Haumea Makemake 45.7
+c5lpzeicm9g-00914-00291641-00291907 9 astronomical units average although
+c5lpzeicm9g-00915-00291908-00292207 smaller than Pluto is the largest known
+c5lpzeicm9g-00916-00292208-00292486 object in the classical Kuiper belt that
+c5lpzeicm9g-00917-00292487-00292738 is a Kuiper belt object not in a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00918-00292739-00292971 confirmed resonance with Neptune
+c5lpzeicm9g-00919-00292972-00293293 Makemake is the brightest object in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00920-00293294-00293641 Kuiper belt after Pluto it was named and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00921-00293642-00294070 designated a dwarf planet in 2008 its
+c5lpzeicm9g-00922-00294071-00294355 orbit is far more inclined than Pluto's
+c5lpzeicm9g-00923-00294356-00294819 at 29 degrees timaya 43 point one three
+c5lpzeicm9g-00924-00294820-00295087 astronomical units average is in an
+c5lpzeicm9g-00925-00295088-00295339 orbit similar to make make except that
+c5lpzeicm9g-00926-00295340-00295633 it is in a 712 orbital resonance with
+c5lpzeicm9g-00927-00295634-00295993 Neptune it is about the same size as
+c5lpzeicm9g-00928-00295994-00296269 Makemake and has two natural satellites
+c5lpzeicm9g-00929-00296270-00296767 a rapid 3.9 hour rotation gives it a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00930-00296768-00297100 flattened and elongated shape it was
+c5lpzeicm9g-00931-00297101-00297381 named and designated a dwarf planet in
+c5lpzeicm9g-00932-00297382-00297990 2008
+c5lpzeicm9g-00933-00297991-00298533 topic scattered disc
+c5lpzeicm9g-00934-00298534-00298821 the scattered disc which overlaps the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00935-00298822-00299021 Kuiper belt but extends much further
+c5lpzeicm9g-00936-00299022-00299301 outwards is thought to be the source of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00937-00299302-00299646 short period comets scattered disc
+c5lpzeicm9g-00938-00299647-00299838 objects are thought to have been ejected
+c5lpzeicm9g-00939-00299839-00300162 into erratic orbits by the gravitational
+c5lpzeicm9g-00940-00300163-00300417 influence of Neptune's early outward
+c5lpzeicm9g-00941-00300418-00300807 migration most scattered disc objects
+c5lpzeicm9g-00942-00300808-00301125 SDOs have para Helio within the Kuiper
+c5lpzeicm9g-00943-00301126-00301383 belt but a philia far beyond it some
+c5lpzeicm9g-00944-00301384-00301719 more than 150 astronomical units from
+c5lpzeicm9g-00945-00301720-00302109 the Sun estas orbits are also highly
+c5lpzeicm9g-00946-00302110-00302343 inclined to the ecliptic plane and are
+c5lpzeicm9g-00947-00302344-00302697 often almost perpendicular to it some
+c5lpzeicm9g-00948-00302698-00302922 astronomers consider the scattered disc
+c5lpzeicm9g-00949-00302923-00303156 to be merely another region of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00950-00303157-00303426 Kuiper belt and describe scattered disc
+c5lpzeicm9g-00951-00303427-00303833 objects as scattered Kuiper belt objects
+c5lpzeicm9g-00952-00303834-00304206 some astronomers also classify centers
+c5lpzeicm9g-00953-00304207-00304491 as inwards scattered Kuiper belt objects
+c5lpzeicm9g-00954-00304492-00304683 along with the outward scattered
+c5lpzeicm9g-00955-00304684-00305351 residents of the scattered disc
+c5lpzeicm9g-00956-00305352-00306001 topic a risks a risk sixty eight
+c5lpzeicm9g-00957-00306002-00306257 astronomical units average is the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00958-00306258-00306521 largest known scattered disk object and
+c5lpzeicm9g-00959-00306522-00306809 caused a debate about what constitutes a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00960-00306810-00307043 planet because it is twenty five percent
+c5lpzeicm9g-00961-00307044-00307328 more massive than Pluto and about the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00962-00307329-00307691 same diameter it is the most massive of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00963-00307692-00308003 the known dwarf planets it has one known
+c5lpzeicm9g-00964-00308004-00308390 moon dis no Meah like Pluto its orbit is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00965-00308391-00308657 highly eccentric with a perihelion of
+c5lpzeicm9g-00966-00308658-00308909 thirty eight point two astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00967-00308910-00309191 units roughly Pluto's distance from the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00968-00309192-00309443 Sun and an aphelion of ninety seven
+c5lpzeicm9g-00969-00309444-00309755 point six astronomical units and steeply
+c5lpzeicm9g-00970-00309756-00310499 inclined to the ecliptic plane
+c5lpzeicm9g-00971-00310500-00311222 topic farthest regions the point at
+c5lpzeicm9g-00972-00311223-00311434 which the solar system ends an
+c5lpzeicm9g-00973-00311435-00311659 interstellar space begins is not
+c5lpzeicm9g-00974-00311660-00311897 precisely defined because its outer
+c5lpzeicm9g-00975-00311898-00312160 boundaries are shaped by two separate
+c5lpzeicm9g-00976-00312161-00312407 forces the solar wind and the Sun's
+c5lpzeicm9g-00977-00312408-00312743 gravity the limit of the solar winds
+c5lpzeicm9g-00978-00312744-00313004 influence is roughly four times
+c5lpzeicm9g-00979-00313005-00313241 Pluto's distance from the Sun this
+c5lpzeicm9g-00980-00313242-00313505 heliopause the outer boundary of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00981-00313506-00313718 heliosphere is considered the beginning
+c5lpzeicm9g-00982-00313719-00314066 of the interstellar medium the sun's
+c5lpzeicm9g-00983-00314067-00314330 hill sphere the effective range of its
+c5lpzeicm9g-00984-00314331-00314567 gravitational dominance is thought to
+c5lpzeicm9g-00985-00314568-00314843 extend up to a thousand times farther
+c5lpzeicm9g-00986-00314844-00315638 and encompasses the theorized Oort cloud
+c5lpzeicm9g-00987-00315639-00316351 topic heliosphere the heliosphere is a
+c5lpzeicm9g-00988-00316352-00316622 stellar wind bubble a region of space
+c5lpzeicm9g-00989-00316623-00316922 dominated by the Sun which radiates at
+c5lpzeicm9g-00990-00316923-00317230 roughly 400 kilometres per second its
+c5lpzeicm9g-00991-00317231-00317519 solar wind a stream of charged particles
+c5lpzeicm9g-00992-00317520-00317744 until it collides with the wind of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00993-00317745-00318133 interstellar medium the collision occurs
+c5lpzeicm9g-00994-00318134-00318334 at the termination shock which is
+c5lpzeicm9g-00995-00318335-00318697 roughly 80 to 100 astronomical units
+c5lpzeicm9g-00996-00318698-00318922 from the Sun upwind of the interstellar
+c5lpzeicm9g-00997-00318923-00319238 medium and roughly 200 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-00998-00319239-00319579 units from the Sun downwind here the
+c5lpzeicm9g-00999-00319580-00319862 wind slows dramatically condenses and
+c5lpzeicm9g-01000-00319863-00320128 becomes more turbulent forming a great
+c5lpzeicm9g-01001-00320129-00320406 oval structure known as the heliosheath
+c5lpzeicm9g-01002-00320407-00320696 this structure has thought to look and
+c5lpzeicm9g-01003-00320697-00320944 behave very much like a comet's tail
+c5lpzeicm9g-01004-00320945-00321232 extending outward for a further 40
+c5lpzeicm9g-01005-00321233-00321502 astronomical units on the upwind side
+c5lpzeicm9g-01006-00321503-00321733 but tailing many times that distance
+c5lpzeicm9g-01007-00321734-00322013 downwind evidence from Cassini an
+c5lpzeicm9g-01008-00322014-00322210 interstellar boundary Explorer
+c5lpzeicm9g-01009-00322211-00322459 spacecraft has suggested that it is
+c5lpzeicm9g-01010-00322460-00322681 forced into a bubble shaped by the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01011-00322682-00322919 constraining action of the interstellar
+c5lpzeicm9g-01012-00322920-00323203 magnetic field the outer boundary of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01013-00323204-00323489 heliosphere the heliopause is the point
+c5lpzeicm9g-01014-00323490-00323714 at which the solar wind finally
+c5lpzeicm9g-01015-00323715-00323912 terminates and as the beginning of
+c5lpzeicm9g-01016-00323913-00324259 interstellar space Voyager 1 and Voyager
+c5lpzeicm9g-01017-00324260-00324545 2 are reported to have passed the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01018-00324546-00324748 termination shock and entered the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01019-00324749-00325142 heliosheath at 94 and 84 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-01020-00325143-00325538 units from the Sun respectively Voyager
+c5lpzeicm9g-01021-00325539-00325759 1 is reported to have crossed the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01022-00325760-00326093 heliopause in August 2012 the shape and
+c5lpzeicm9g-01023-00326094-00326272 form of the outer edge of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01024-00326273-00326522 heliosphere is likely affected by the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01025-00326523-00326800 fluid dynamics of interactions with the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01026-00326801-00327031 interstellar medium as well as solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-01027-00327032-00327301 magnetic fields prevailing to the south
+c5lpzeicm9g-01028-00327302-00327553 eg it is bluntly shaped with the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01029-00327554-00327777 northern hemisphere extending nine
+c5lpzeicm9g-01030-00327778-00328019 astronomical units farther than the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01031-00328020-00328289 southern hemisphere beyond the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01032-00328290-00328672 heliopause at around 230 astronomical
+c5lpzeicm9g-01033-00328673-00328955 units lies the bow shock applause
+c5lpzeicm9g-01034-00328956-00329282 wake left by the Sun as it travels
+c5lpzeicm9g-01035-00329283-00329630 through the Milky Way due to a lack of
+c5lpzeicm9g-01036-00329631-00329882 data conditions in local interstellar
+c5lpzeicm9g-01037-00329883-00330254 space are not known for certain it is
+c5lpzeicm9g-01038-00330255-00330539 expected that NASA's Voyager spacecraft
+c5lpzeicm9g-01039-00330540-00330770 as they passed the heliopause will
+c5lpzeicm9g-01040-00330771-00331022 transmit valuable data on radiation
+c5lpzeicm9g-01041-00331023-00331418 levels and solar wind to earth how well
+c5lpzeicm9g-01042-00331419-00331709 the heliosphere shields the solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-01043-00331710-00332003 from cosmic rays as poorly understood
+c5lpzeicm9g-01044-00332004-00332339 a NASA funded team has developed a
+c5lpzeicm9g-01045-00332340-00332735 concept of a vision mission dedicated to
+c5lpzeicm9g-01046-00332736-00333406 sending a probe to the heliosphere
+c5lpzeicm9g-01047-00333407-00334422 topic detached objects 90,000 377 Sedna
+c5lpzeicm9g-01048-00334423-00334747 520 astronomical units average is a
+c5lpzeicm9g-01049-00334748-00335011 large British object with a gigantic
+c5lpzeicm9g-01050-00335012-00335290 highly elliptical orbit that takes it
+c5lpzeicm9g-01051-00335291-00335623 from about 76 astronomical units at
+c5lpzeicm9g-01052-00335624-00336028 perihelion to 940 astronomical units at
+c5lpzeicm9g-01053-00336029-00336403 aphelion and takes 11,000 400 years to
+c5lpzeicm9g-01054-00336404-00336757 complete Mike Brown who discovered the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01055-00336758-00337147 object in 2003 asserts that it cannot be
+c5lpzeicm9g-01056-00337148-00337384 part of the scattered disc or the Kuiper
+c5lpzeicm9g-01057-00337385-00337642 belt because its perihelion is too
+c5lpzeicm9g-01058-00337643-00337813 distant to have been affected by
+c5lpzeicm9g-01059-00337814-00338143 Neptune's migration he and other
+c5lpzeicm9g-01060-00338144-00338422 astronomers consider it to be the first
+c5lpzeicm9g-01061-00338423-00338704 in an entirely new population sometimes
+c5lpzeicm9g-01062-00338705-00339166 termed distant detached objects DDoS
+c5lpzeicm9g-01063-00339167-00339526 which also may include the object 2000
+c5lpzeicm9g-01064-00339527-00339853 county route 105 which has a perihelion
+c5lpzeicm9g-01065-00339854-00340281 of 45 astronomical units an aphelion of
+c5lpzeicm9g-01066-00340282-00340642 415 astronomical units and an orbital
+c5lpzeicm9g-01067-00340643-00341013 period of 3,400 20 years
+c5lpzeicm9g-01068-00341014-00341356 Brown terms this population the inner
+c5lpzeicm9g-01069-00341357-00341683 Oort cloud because it may have formed
+c5lpzeicm9g-01070-00341684-00341944 through a similar process although it is
+c5lpzeicm9g-01071-00341945-00342304 far closer to the Sun Sedna is very
+c5lpzeicm9g-01072-00342305-00342568 likely a dwarf planet though its shape
+c5lpzeicm9g-01073-00342569-00342744 has yet to be determined
+c5lpzeicm9g-01074-00342745-00343111 the second unequivocally detached object
+c5lpzeicm9g-01075-00343112-00343381 with a perihelion farther than Sedna's
+c5lpzeicm9g-01076-00343382-00343789 at roughly 81 astronomical units is 2012
+c5lpzeicm9g-01077-00343790-00344389 vp 113 discovered in 2012 its aphelion
+c5lpzeicm9g-01078-00344390-00344716 is only half that of Sedna's at 400 to
+c5lpzeicm9g-01079-00344717-00345457 500 astronomical units
+c5lpzeicm9g-01080-00345458-00346141 topic Oort cloud the Oort cloud is a
+c5lpzeicm9g-01081-00346142-00346420 hypothetical spherical cloud of up to a
+c5lpzeicm9g-01082-00346421-00346672 trillion icy objects that is thought to
+c5lpzeicm9g-01083-00346673-00346978 be the source for all long period comets
+c5lpzeicm9g-01084-00346979-00347209 and to surround the solar system at
+c5lpzeicm9g-01085-00347210-00347569 roughly 50,000 astronomical units around
+c5lpzeicm9g-01086-00347570-00347896 one Lightyear Li and possibly two as far
+c5lpzeicm9g-01087-00347897-00348340 as 100,000 astronomical units 1.87
+c5lpzeicm9g-01088-00348341-00348457 lightyears
+c5lpzeicm9g-01089-00348458-00348781 it is thought to be composed of comets
+c5lpzeicm9g-01090-00348782-00349003 that were ejected from the inner solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-01091-00349004-00349291 system by gravitational interactions
+c5lpzeicm9g-01092-00349292-00349584 with the outer planets Oort cloud
+c5lpzeicm9g-01093-00349585-00349885 objects move very slowly and can be
+c5lpzeicm9g-01094-00349886-00350152 perturbed by infrequent events such as
+c5lpzeicm9g-01095-00350153-00350449 collisions the gravitational effects of
+c5lpzeicm9g-01096-00350450-00350743 a passing star or the galactic tide the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01097-00350744-00351517 tidal force exerted by the Milky Way
+c5lpzeicm9g-01098-00351518-00352171 topic boundaries much of the solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-01099-00352172-00352456 system is still unknown the Sun's
+c5lpzeicm9g-01100-00352457-00352735 gravitational field is estimated to
+c5lpzeicm9g-01101-00352736-00352993 dominate the gravitational forces of
+c5lpzeicm9g-01102-00352994-00353245 surrounding stars out to about two
+c5lpzeicm9g-01103-00353246-00353733 lightyears 125,000 astronomical units
+c5lpzeicm9g-01104-00353734-00354052 lower estimates for the radius of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01105-00354053-00354142 Oort cloud
+c5lpzeicm9g-01106-00354143-00354435 by contrast do not place it farther than
+c5lpzeicm9g-01107-00354436-00354828 50,000 astronomical units despite
+c5lpzeicm9g-01108-00354829-00355117 discoveries such as Sedna the region
+c5lpzeicm9g-01109-00355118-00355330 between the Kuiper belt and the Oort
+c5lpzeicm9g-01110-00355331-00355642 cloud an area tens of thousands of o in
+c5lpzeicm9g-01111-00355643-00356026 radius is still virtually unmapped there
+c5lpzeicm9g-01112-00356027-00356305 are also ongoing studies of the region
+c5lpzeicm9g-01113-00356306-00356668 between mercury and the Sun objects may
+c5lpzeicm9g-01114-00356669-00356923 yet be discovered in the solar system's
+c5lpzeicm9g-01115-00356924-00357364 uncharted regions currently the farthest
+c5lpzeicm9g-01116-00357365-00357667 known objects such as comet West have a
+c5lpzeicm9g-01117-00357668-00358042 philia around 70,000 astronomical units
+c5lpzeicm9g-01118-00358043-00358231 from the Sun but as the Oort cloud
+c5lpzeicm9g-01119-00358232-00359053 becomes better known this may change
+c5lpzeicm9g-01120-00359054-00359833 topic galactic context the solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-01121-00359834-00360100 is located in the Milky Way a barred
+c5lpzeicm9g-01122-00360101-00360435 spiral galaxy with a diameter of about
+c5lpzeicm9g-01123-00360436-00360736 100,000 light-years containing more than
+c5lpzeicm9g-01124-00360737-00361180 100 billion stars the Sun resides in one
+c5lpzeicm9g-01125-00361181-00361444 of the Milky Way's outer spiral arms
+c5lpzeicm9g-01126-00361445-00361747 known as the Orion Cygnus are more local
+c5lpzeicm9g-01127-00361748-00362259 spur the Sun lies between 25,000 and
+c5lpzeicm9g-01128-00362260-00362479 28,000 light years from the galactic
+c5lpzeicm9g-01129-00362480-00362761 center and it's speed within the Milky
+c5lpzeicm9g-01130-00362762-00363145 Way as about 220 kilometers per second
+c5lpzeicm9g-01131-00363146-00363336 so that it completes one revolution
+c5lpzeicm9g-01132-00363337-00363940 every 225 to 250 million years this
+c5lpzeicm9g-01133-00363941-00364159 revolution is known as the solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-01134-00364160-00364498 system's galactic year the solar apex
+c5lpzeicm9g-01135-00364499-00364750 the direction of the sun's path through
+c5lpzeicm9g-01136-00364751-00364960 interstellar space is near the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01137-00364961-00365200 constellation Hercules in the direction
+c5lpzeicm9g-01138-00365201-00365425 of the current location of the bright
+c5lpzeicm9g-01139-00365426-00365797 star Vega the plane of the ecliptic lies
+c5lpzeicm9g-01140-00365798-00366085 at an angle of about 60 degrees to the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01141-00366086-00366319 galactic plane the solar system's
+c5lpzeicm9g-01142-00366320-00366625 location in the Milky Way as a factor in
+c5lpzeicm9g-01143-00366626-00366868 the evolutionary history of life on
+c5lpzeicm9g-01144-00366869-00367240 Earth its orbit is close to circular and
+c5lpzeicm9g-01145-00367241-00367477 orbits near the Sun are at roughly the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01146-00367478-00367821 same speed as that of the spiral arms
+c5lpzeicm9g-01147-00367822-00368125 therefore the Sun passes through arms
+c5lpzeicm9g-01148-00368126-00368455 only rarely because spiral arms are home
+c5lpzeicm9g-01149-00368456-00368707 to a far larger concentration of
+c5lpzeicm9g-01150-00368708-00368995 supernovae gravitational instabilities
+c5lpzeicm9g-01151-00368996-00369244 and radiation that could disrupt the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01152-00369245-00369514 solar system this has given earth long
+c5lpzeicm9g-01153-00369515-00369828 periods of stability for life to evolve
+c5lpzeicm9g-01154-00369829-00370207 the solar system also lies well outside
+c5lpzeicm9g-01155-00370208-00370438 the star crowded environs of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01156-00370439-00370767 galactic center near the center
+c5lpzeicm9g-01157-00370768-00371035 gravitational tugs from nearby stars
+c5lpzeicm9g-01158-00371036-00371254 could perturb bodies in the Oort cloud
+c5lpzeicm9g-01159-00371255-00371515 and send many comets into the inner
+c5lpzeicm9g-01160-00371516-00371806 solar system producing collisions with
+c5lpzeicm9g-01161-00371807-00372022 potentially catastrophic implications
+c5lpzeicm9g-01162-00372023-00372394 for life on Earth the intense ray
+c5lpzeicm9g-01163-00372395-00372640 of the galactic center could also
+c5lpzeicm9g-01164-00372641-00372862 interfere with the development of
+c5lpzeicm9g-01165-00372863-00373240 complex life even at the solar system's
+c5lpzeicm9g-01166-00373241-00373533 current location some scientists have
+c5lpzeicm9g-01167-00373534-00373806 speculated that recent supernova may
+c5lpzeicm9g-01168-00373807-00374068 have adversely affected life in the last
+c5lpzeicm9g-01169-00374069-00374425 35 thousand years by flinging pieces of
+c5lpzeicm9g-01170-00374426-00374718 expelled stellar core towards the Sun as
+c5lpzeicm9g-01171-00374719-00375040 radioactive dust grains and larger comet
+c5lpzeicm9g-01172-00375041-00375625 like bodies
+c5lpzeicm9g-01173-00375626-00376318 topic neighborhood the solar system is
+c5lpzeicm9g-01174-00376319-00376591 in the local interstellar cloud or local
+c5lpzeicm9g-01175-00376592-00376888 fluff it is thought to be near the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01176-00376889-00377143 neighboring G cloud but it is not known
+c5lpzeicm9g-01177-00377144-00377392 if the solar system is embedded in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01178-00377393-00377665 local interstellar cloud or if it is in
+c5lpzeicm9g-01179-00377666-00377848 the region where the local interstellar
+c5lpzeicm9g-01180-00377849-00378259 cloud and G cloud are interacting the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01181-00378260-00378511 local interstellar cloud is an area of
+c5lpzeicm9g-01182-00378512-00378763 denser cloud in an otherwise sparse
+c5lpzeicm9g-01183-00378764-00379000 region known as the local bubble an
+c5lpzeicm9g-01184-00379001-00379219 hourglass shaped cavity in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01185-00379220-00379519 interstellar medium roughly 300 light
+c5lpzeicm9g-01186-00379520-00379906 years Li across the bubble is suffused
+c5lpzeicm9g-01187-00379907-00380137 with high temperature plasma that
+c5lpzeicm9g-01188-00380138-00380365 suggests it is the product of several
+c5lpzeicm9g-01189-00380366-00380638 recent supernova there are relatively
+c5lpzeicm9g-01190-00380639-00380932 few stars within ten light-years of the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01191-00380933-00381250 Sun the closest is the triple star
+c5lpzeicm9g-01192-00381251-00381517 system Alpha Centauri which is about
+c5lpzeicm9g-01193-00381518-00381913 four point four light-years away Alpha
+c5lpzeicm9g-01194-00381914-00382249 Centauri a and B are a closely tied pair
+c5lpzeicm9g-01195-00382250-00382552 of sun-like stars whereas the small red
+c5lpzeicm9g-01196-00382553-00382870 dwarf Proxima Centauri orbits the pair
+c5lpzeicm9g-01197-00382871-00383395 at a distance of 0.2 light year in 2016
+c5lpzeicm9g-01198-00383396-00383701 a potentially habitable exoplanet was
+c5lpzeicm9g-01199-00383702-00383935 confirmed to be orbiting Proxima
+c5lpzeicm9g-01200-00383936-00384262 Centauri called Proxima Centauri be the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01201-00384263-00384552 closest confirmed exoplanet to the Sun
+c5lpzeicm9g-01202-00384553-00384907 the stars next closest to the Sun are
+c5lpzeicm9g-01203-00384908-00385186 the red dwarfs barnard star at five
+c5lpzeicm9g-01204-00385187-00385642 point nine light-years Wolf 359 seven
+c5lpzeicm9g-01205-00385643-00386061 point eight light-years and Lalande e20
+c5lpzeicm9g-01206-00386062-00386533 1185 eight point three light years the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01207-00386534-00386845 largest nearby star is Sirius a bright
+c5lpzeicm9g-01208-00386846-00387121 main sequence star roughly eight point
+c5lpzeicm9g-01209-00387122-00387394 six light-years away and roughly twice
+c5lpzeicm9g-01210-00387395-00387658 the sun's mass and that is orbited by a
+c5lpzeicm9g-01211-00387659-00387976 white dwarf Sirius B the nearest brown
+c5lpzeicm9g-01212-00387977-00388246 dwarfs are the binary lemons sixteen
+c5lpzeicm9g-01213-00388247-00388542 system at six point six light-years
+c5lpzeicm9g-01214-00388543-00388903 other systems within ten lightyears are
+c5lpzeicm9g-01215-00388904-00389020 the binary red
+c5lpzeicm9g-01216-00389021-00389506 dwarf system lloyd in 726 to 88.7
+c5lpzeicm9g-01217-00389507-00389776 light-years and the solitary Red Dwarf
+c5lpzeicm9g-01218-00389777-00390250 Ross 154 nine point seven light years
+c5lpzeicm9g-01219-00390251-00390631 the closest solitary sun-like star to
+c5lpzeicm9g-01220-00390632-00390916 the solar system as Tau Ceti at eleven
+c5lpzeicm9g-01221-00390917-00391267 point nine light years it has roughly
+c5lpzeicm9g-01222-00391268-00391525 eighty percent of the sun's mass but
+c5lpzeicm9g-01223-00391526-00391908 only sixty percent of its luminosity the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01224-00391909-00392197 closest known free-floating planetary
+c5lpzeicm9g-01225-00392198-00392482 mass object to the Sun as wise oh eight
+c5lpzeicm9g-01226-00392483-00392878 five five - oh seven one four an object
+c5lpzeicm9g-01227-00392879-00393135 with a mass less than ten Jupiter masses
+c5lpzeicm9g-01228-00393136-00393883 roughly seven light-years away
+c5lpzeicm9g-01229-00393884-00394204 topic comparison with extra solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-01230-00394205-00394614 systems
+c5lpzeicm9g-01231-00394615-00394941 compared to many other planetary systems
+c5lpzeicm9g-01232-00394942-00395247 the solar system stands out in lacking
+c5lpzeicm9g-01233-00395248-00395546 planets interior to the orbit of mercury
+c5lpzeicm9g-01234-00395547-00395930 the known solar system also lacks super
+c5lpzeicm9g-01235-00395931-00396185 Earths planet nine could be a super
+c5lpzeicm9g-01236-00396186-00396473 earth beyond the known solar system
+c5lpzeicm9g-01237-00396474-00396792 uncommonly it has only small rocky
+c5lpzeicm9g-01238-00396793-00397103 planets and large gas giants elsewhere
+c5lpzeicm9g-01239-00397104-00397395 planets of intermediate size are typical
+c5lpzeicm9g-01240-00397396-00397856 both rocky and gas so there is no gap as
+c5lpzeicm9g-01241-00397857-00398142 seen between the size of Earth and of
+c5lpzeicm9g-01242-00398143-00398588 Neptune with a radius 3.8 times as large
+c5lpzeicm9g-01243-00398589-00398900 also these super Earths have closer
+c5lpzeicm9g-01244-00398901-00399200 orbits than mercury this led to the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01245-00399201-00399492 hypothesis that all planetary systems
+c5lpzeicm9g-01246-00399493-00399752 start with many close in planets and
+c5lpzeicm9g-01247-00399753-00399969 that typically a sequence of their
+c5lpzeicm9g-01248-00399970-00400250 collisions causes consolidation of mass
+c5lpzeicm9g-01249-00400251-00400526 into few larger planets but in case of
+c5lpzeicm9g-01250-00400527-00400791 the solar system the collisions caused
+c5lpzeicm9g-01251-00400792-00401024 their destruction and ejection the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01252-00401025-00401268 orbits of solar system planets are
+c5lpzeicm9g-01253-00401269-00401573 nearly circular compared to other
+c5lpzeicm9g-01254-00401574-00401831 systems they have smaller orbital
+c5lpzeicm9g-01255-00401832-00402117 eccentricity although there are attempts
+c5lpzeicm9g-01256-00402118-00402393 to explain it partly with a bias in the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01257-00402394-00402656 radial velocity detection method and
+c5lpzeicm9g-01258-00402657-00402923 partly with long interactions of a quite
+c5lpzeicm9g-01259-00402924-00403202 high number of planets the exact causes
+c5lpzeicm9g-01260-00403203-00403881 remain undetermined
+c5lpzeicm9g-01261-00403882-00404466 topic visual summary
+c5lpzeicm9g-01262-00404467-00404729 this section as a sampling of solar
+c5lpzeicm9g-01263-00404730-00404991 system bodies selected for size and
+c5lpzeicm9g-01264-00404992-00405347 quality of imagery and sorted by volume
+c5lpzeicm9g-01265-00405348-00405663 some omitted objects are larger than the
+c5lpzeicm9g-01266-00405664-00405926 ones included here notably our wrists
+c5lpzeicm9g-01267-00405927-00406140 because these have not been imaged in
+c5lpzeicm9g-01268-00406141-00406751 high quality
+c5lpzeicm9g-01269-00406752-00407303 topic see also
+c5lpzeicm9g-01270-00407304-00407693 equals equals notes
+c61G4GcmfFk-00000-00000003-00000245 hey guys what's up so I'm going to be
+c61G4GcmfFk-00001-00000246-00000512 doing another Q&A video um I know you
+c61G4GcmfFk-00002-00000513-00000730 guys asked questions the last time but I
+c61G4GcmfFk-00003-00000731-00001040 didn't I made the video for it but I
+c61G4GcmfFk-00004-00001041-00001418 just didn't post it so comment down more
+c61G4GcmfFk-00005-00001419-00001688 questions and I'll make a video about
+c61G4GcmfFk-00006-00001689-00001960 answering them and hopefully I'll post
+c61G4GcmfFk-00007-00001961-00002251 them and I only got like four comments
+c61G4GcmfFk-00008-00002252-00002756 last time so I'm I just want to like do
+c61G4GcmfFk-00009-00002757-00003080 another one and this time ask more
+c61G4GcmfFk-00010-00003081-00003579 questions thanks okay bye everybody
+c61G4GcmfFk-00011-00003580-00003950 have a nice a day
+c7d38pxTWGu-00000-00004816-00005375 [Applause]
+c7d38pxTWGu-00001-00005376-00007168 um
+c7d38pxTWGu-00002-00007169-00007342 [Music]
+c7d38pxTWGu-00003-00007343-00007527 well
+c7d38pxTWGu-00004-00007528-00007666 thank you all for coming
+c7d38pxTWGu-00005-00007667-00008046 [Music]
+c7d38pxTWGu-00006-00008047-00008174 i
+c7d38pxTWGu-00007-00008175-00008414 normally sit with you
+c7d38pxTWGu-00008-00008415-00008542 and
+c7d38pxTWGu-00009-00008543-00008783 i do that because
+c7d38pxTWGu-00010-00008784-00009095 my legs are a little bit of a mess
+c7d38pxTWGu-00011-00009096-00009335 but i can tell you this about six months
+c7d38pxTWGu-00012-00009336-00009495 ago
+c7d38pxTWGu-00013-00009496-00009719 i had an issue with my hip
+c7d38pxTWGu-00014-00009720-00009983 and it got really a little bit better in
+c7d38pxTWGu-00015-00009984-00010223 fact it got tolerable
+c7d38pxTWGu-00016-00010224-00010471 and then we went up the other day
+c7d38pxTWGu-00017-00010472-00010703 and dedicated the new
+c7d38pxTWGu-00018-00010704-00010927 blue bridge
+c7d38pxTWGu-00019-00010928-00011038 and
+c7d38pxTWGu-00020-00011039-00011255 i really believe that my people
+c7d38pxTWGu-00021-00011256-00011591 purposely put my school in an area where
+c7d38pxTWGu-00022-00011592-00011974 i almost fell off of it multiple times
+c7d38pxTWGu-00023-00011975-00012223 and since that time
+c7d38pxTWGu-00024-00012224-00012406 now we've got my hip
+c7d38pxTWGu-00025-00012407-00012663 really cranking again so forgive me for
+c7d38pxTWGu-00026-00012664-00012855 being right here with you
+c7d38pxTWGu-00027-00012856-00013166 i want to do two or three things
+c7d38pxTWGu-00028-00013168-00013494 this will be really short and sweet
+c7d38pxTWGu-00029-00013495-00013751 i absolutely want to thank
+c7d38pxTWGu-00030-00013752-00013991 all the legislature for
+c7d38pxTWGu-00031-00013991-00014415 all the time all your work
+c7d38pxTWGu-00032-00014416-00014735 all the time away from your families
+c7d38pxTWGu-00033-00014736-00014919 and absolutely
+c7d38pxTWGu-00034-00014919-00015207 the great work that you try and continue
+c7d38pxTWGu-00035-00015208-00015350 to do
+c7d38pxTWGu-00036-00015351-00015535 for this state
+c7d38pxTWGu-00037-00015536-00015855 now really truly we should give them all
+c7d38pxTWGu-00038-00015856-00017047 a big round of applause please do that
+c7d38pxTWGu-00039-00017048-00017335 none of us really would have believed
+c7d38pxTWGu-00040-00017336-00017679 that now we're right at our anniversary
+c7d38pxTWGu-00041-00017680-00018079 of two years with this pandemic would we
+c7d38pxTWGu-00042-00018080-00018286 we would have never believed it
+c7d38pxTWGu-00043-00018287-00018614 we would never ever believe that today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00044-00018615-00018950 that i've read today now a total of
+c7d38pxTWGu-00045-00018951-00019155 6
+c7d38pxTWGu-00046-00019156-00019471 550 names
+c7d38pxTWGu-00047-00019472-00019607 it's terrible
+c7d38pxTWGu-00048-00019608-00019903 it's beyond belief terrible
+c7d38pxTWGu-00049-00019904-00020086 also
+c7d38pxTWGu-00050-00020087-00020335 and this is the very reason that i ask
+c7d38pxTWGu-00051-00020336-00020599 you to be here
+c7d38pxTWGu-00052-00020600-00020822 none of us would really
+c7d38pxTWGu-00053-00020823-00021094 have ever imagined
+c7d38pxTWGu-00054-00021095-00021286 that just maybe
+c7d38pxTWGu-00055-00021287-00021599 just maybe because of a madman
+c7d38pxTWGu-00056-00021600-00021830 and evil in the world
+c7d38pxTWGu-00057-00021831-00022103 that we could possibly be on the brink
+c7d38pxTWGu-00058-00022104-00022358 of world war three
+c7d38pxTWGu-00059-00022359-00022527 now i want you to really pay close
+c7d38pxTWGu-00060-00022528-00022719 attention to me
+c7d38pxTWGu-00061-00022720-00023007 because i truly believe
+c7d38pxTWGu-00062-00023008-00023263 and not to make light of anything we're
+c7d38pxTWGu-00063-00023264-00023367 doing
+c7d38pxTWGu-00064-00023368-00023671 anything we're doing in this building
+c7d38pxTWGu-00065-00023672-00023871 but today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00066-00023872-00024094 in the state of west virginia
+c7d38pxTWGu-00067-00024095-00024311 in this beautiful capitol in charleston
+c7d38pxTWGu-00068-00024312-00024655 west virginia there is nothing
+c7d38pxTWGu-00069-00024656-00024967 nothing that approaches the importance
+c7d38pxTWGu-00070-00024968-00025239 of what i'll be telling you and is what
+c7d38pxTWGu-00071-00025240-00025718 is going on in this world period
+c7d38pxTWGu-00072-00025719-00026167 now
+c7d38pxTWGu-00073-00026168-00026318 you know
+c7d38pxTWGu-00074-00026319-00026631 i'm a big picture guy
+c7d38pxTWGu-00075-00026632-00026831 and i don't come to you with frivolous
+c7d38pxTWGu-00076-00026832-00027031 stuff i don't come to you every other
+c7d38pxTWGu-00077-00027032-00027351 day asking to talk to you or anything
+c7d38pxTWGu-00078-00027352-00027543 when i come to you
+c7d38pxTWGu-00079-00027544-00027846 i'm coming with the real deal
+c7d38pxTWGu-00080-00027847-00028167 now i really believe that today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00081-00028168-00028423 we have a colossal problem in the world
+c7d38pxTWGu-00082-00028424-00028646 without any question
+c7d38pxTWGu-00083-00028647-00028927 but with every action there's an equal
+c7d38pxTWGu-00084-00028927-00029174 and opposite reaction all the time is
+c7d38pxTWGu-00085-00029175-00029367 there not
+c7d38pxTWGu-00086-00029368-00029727 absolutely there's opportunity as well
+c7d38pxTWGu-00087-00029727-00029927 right now today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00088-00029927-00030239 in the state of west virginia
+c7d38pxTWGu-00089-00030239-00030439 just tell the truth you know i'm always
+c7d38pxTWGu-00090-00030439-00030614 hung up on that
+c7d38pxTWGu-00091-00030616-00030814 in the state of west virginia we have
+c7d38pxTWGu-00092-00030816-00031279 stood tall over and over and over
+c7d38pxTWGu-00093-00031280-00031527 from the military standpoint per capita
+c7d38pxTWGu-00094-00031527-00031911 wise we are always leading the nation
+c7d38pxTWGu-00095-00031912-00032295 we stood tall over and over did we not
+c7d38pxTWGu-00096-00032295-00032455 now just think about this just for a
+c7d38pxTWGu-00097-00032456-00032655 second
+c7d38pxTWGu-00098-00032656-00032839 today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00099-00032840-00033207 the very resources that we have
+c7d38pxTWGu-00100-00033208-00033351 coal
+c7d38pxTWGu-00101-00033352-00033446 oil
+c7d38pxTWGu-00102-00033447-00033590 and gas
+c7d38pxTWGu-00103-00033591-00033959 our fossil fuels are now
+c7d38pxTWGu-00104-00033960-00034318 on the break really of possibly
+c7d38pxTWGu-00105-00034319-00034462 preventing
+c7d38pxTWGu-00106-00034463-00034807 if not saving the world
+c7d38pxTWGu-00107-00034808-00035007 now i would tell you all
+c7d38pxTWGu-00108-00035008-00035335 many many legislatures just this
+c7d38pxTWGu-00109-00035336-00035518 and i want you to pay really close
+c7d38pxTWGu-00110-00035519-00035743 attention to this
+c7d38pxTWGu-00111-00035744-00035943 you know
+c7d38pxTWGu-00112-00035944-00036271 i yearn for exactly what you yearns
+c7d38pxTWGu-00113-00036272-00036455 yearn for
+c7d38pxTWGu-00114-00036456-00036830 we want the most pristine waters and air
+c7d38pxTWGu-00115-00036831-00037135 we absolutely want the best of the best
+c7d38pxTWGu-00116-00037136-00037439 of the best of the best
+c7d38pxTWGu-00117-00037440-00037607 but i'm telling you
+c7d38pxTWGu-00118-00037608-00037862 and you better listen to me
+c7d38pxTWGu-00119-00037863-00038046 this day and time
+c7d38pxTWGu-00120-00038047-00038279 and i don't mean this in a frivolous way
+c7d38pxTWGu-00121-00038280-00038462 in any way
+c7d38pxTWGu-00122-00038463-00038615 but today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00123-00038616-00038807 today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00124-00038808-00039015 whether it be nuclear
+c7d38pxTWGu-00125-00039016-00039174 or hydrogen
+c7d38pxTWGu-00126-00039175-00039335 or windmills
+c7d38pxTWGu-00127-00039336-00039574 or solar panels
+c7d38pxTWGu-00128-00039575-00039871 all of those we want to embrace
+c7d38pxTWGu-00129-00039872-00040095 and i'm there
+c7d38pxTWGu-00130-00040096-00040318 but they're the partially around the
+c7d38pxTWGu-00131-00040319-00040559 size of the plate
+c7d38pxTWGu-00132-00040560-00040983 the meat potatoes
+c7d38pxTWGu-00133-00040984-00041358 the meat and potatoes are our gas
+c7d38pxTWGu-00134-00041359-00041479 our oil
+c7d38pxTWGu-00135-00041480-00042095 and our coal
+c7d38pxTWGu-00136-00042096-00042271 and today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00137-00042272-00042662 and today i would tell you to god above
+c7d38pxTWGu-00138-00042663-00042990 don't ever forget that
+c7d38pxTWGu-00139-00042991-00043255 please don't forget that
+c7d38pxTWGu-00140-00043256-00043518 like it or not like it but our
+c7d38pxTWGu-00141-00043519-00043895 coal and gas and oil and fossil fuel
+c7d38pxTWGu-00142-00043896-00044190 industries have been kicked right into
+c7d38pxTWGu-00143-00044191-00044358 you know one
+c7d38pxTWGu-00144-00044359-00044655 over and over and over
+c7d38pxTWGu-00145-00044656-00045118 they saved and made this nation's vacant
+c7d38pxTWGu-00146-00045119-00045407 and today they're called upon again to
+c7d38pxTWGu-00147-00045408-00047479 save the world baby
+c7d38pxTWGu-00148-00047480-00047683 i really thank you
+c7d38pxTWGu-00149-00047684-00047990 for standing
+c7d38pxTWGu-00150-00047991-00048177 i thank you for your applause
+c7d38pxTWGu-00151-00048178-00048311 [Music]
+c7d38pxTWGu-00152-00048312-00048535 i thank you from the standpoint and i
+c7d38pxTWGu-00153-00048536-00049095 want to just remember just this
+c7d38pxTWGu-00154-00049096-00049439 just about a week or two weeks ago
+c7d38pxTWGu-00155-00049440-00049758 a minor in mcdowell county died
+c7d38pxTWGu-00156-00049759-00049958 stephen
+c7d38pxTWGu-00157-00049959-00050118 i think it's
+c7d38pxTWGu-00158-00050119-00050390 happily
+c7d38pxTWGu-00159-00050391-00050639 i just think what those people do every
+c7d38pxTWGu-00160-00050640-00050862 day
+c7d38pxTWGu-00161-00050863-00051039 think about him
+c7d38pxTWGu-00162-00051040-00051294 strapping on his boots
+c7d38pxTWGu-00163-00051295-00051654 getting absolute rescuer on
+c7d38pxTWGu-00164-00051655-00051911 and going 7 000 or whatever feet
+c7d38pxTWGu-00165-00051912-00052126 underground and many of them in 30
+c7d38pxTWGu-00166-00052127-00052494 inches of coal
+c7d38pxTWGu-00167-00052495-00052823 they've done it and got it done
+c7d38pxTWGu-00168-00052824-00052999 and in my opinion
+c7d38pxTWGu-00169-00053000-00053230 whether it be our gas workers
+c7d38pxTWGu-00170-00053232-00053463 whether it be our oil workers whether it
+c7d38pxTWGu-00171-00053464-00053654 be our coal miners
+c7d38pxTWGu-00172-00053655-00053950 we absolutely and like it you may get
+c7d38pxTWGu-00173-00053951-00054175 mad at me about this and if you do you
+c7d38pxTWGu-00174-00054176-00054279 just do
+c7d38pxTWGu-00175-00054279-00054591 we take them for granted too much
+c7d38pxTWGu-00176-00054591-00054827 we do
+c7d38pxTWGu-00177-00054828-00055287 [Applause]
+c7d38pxTWGu-00178-00055288-00055503 let me just say this and i said i'd be
+c7d38pxTWGu-00179-00055504-00055759 quick and everything
+c7d38pxTWGu-00180-00055760-00055999 but let me just say
+c7d38pxTWGu-00181-00056000-00056238 that
+c7d38pxTWGu-00182-00056239-00056494 without any question
+c7d38pxTWGu-00183-00056495-00056807 where jim justice stands today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00184-00056808-00057015 is right here
+c7d38pxTWGu-00185-00057016-00057326 i stand first and foremost for god
+c7d38pxTWGu-00186-00057327-00057511 i really do
+c7d38pxTWGu-00187-00057512-00057838 i stand first and foremost for america
+c7d38pxTWGu-00188-00057839-00058038 and i stand first and foremost for west
+c7d38pxTWGu-00189-00058039-00058182 virginia
+c7d38pxTWGu-00190-00058183-00058335 and today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00191-00058336-00058647 i stand wholeheartedly for ukraine
+c7d38pxTWGu-00192-00058648-00058903 without any question in the world i
+c7d38pxTWGu-00193-00058904-00059135 stand right there
+c7d38pxTWGu-00194-00059136-00059694 now
+c7d38pxTWGu-00195-00059695-00059966 i want you to know
+c7d38pxTWGu-00196-00059967-00060135 that
+c7d38pxTWGu-00197-00060136-00060279 there's a reason
+c7d38pxTWGu-00198-00060279-00060447 a reason why
+c7d38pxTWGu-00199-00060448-00060663 i'm in front of you
+c7d38pxTWGu-00200-00060664-00060959 the reason is just this
+c7d38pxTWGu-00201-00060960-00061254 the outside world needs to hear west
+c7d38pxTWGu-00202-00061255-00061423 virginia
+c7d38pxTWGu-00203-00061424-00061735 we have led away in so many different
+c7d38pxTWGu-00204-00061736-00061854 times
+c7d38pxTWGu-00205-00061855-00062182 right now they need to hear us
+c7d38pxTWGu-00206-00062183-00062406 i would say just this in regard to
+c7d38pxTWGu-00207-00062407-00062575 climate change
+c7d38pxTWGu-00208-00062576-00062871 i don't know if it's for real or not
+c7d38pxTWGu-00209-00062872-00063103 i really don't know
+c7d38pxTWGu-00210-00063104-00063335 but i know today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00211-00063336-00063494 today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00212-00063495-00063871 this world is threatened beyond belief
+c7d38pxTWGu-00213-00063872-00064206 and we have got to shove it aside
+c7d38pxTWGu-00214-00064207-00064542 we cannot continue to climb
+c7d38pxTWGu-00215-00064544-00064799 hold on to something that we don't
+c7d38pxTWGu-00216-00064800-00064999 really even know
+c7d38pxTWGu-00217-00065000-00065119 and today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00218-00065120-00065375 like it or not like it we got to live
+c7d38pxTWGu-00219-00065376-00065615 here too
+c7d38pxTWGu-00220-00065616-00065926 i truly believe in all my heart that god
+c7d38pxTWGu-00221-00065927-00066063 above
+c7d38pxTWGu-00222-00066064-00066319 wants us to progress
+c7d38pxTWGu-00223-00066320-00066487 and like it or not like it the
+c7d38pxTWGu-00224-00066488-00066726 civilization only progresses with
+c7d38pxTWGu-00225-00066727-00066935 abundant cheap energy
+c7d38pxTWGu-00226-00066936-00067519 it doesn't progress any other way
+c7d38pxTWGu-00227-00067520-00067775 the energy has now become a weapon has
+c7d38pxTWGu-00228-00067776-00067991 it not
+c7d38pxTWGu-00229-00067992-00068238 i want you to know just this
+c7d38pxTWGu-00230-00068239-00068535 and i'll be i'll be quick
+c7d38pxTWGu-00231-00068536-00068823 but i really believe
+c7d38pxTWGu-00232-00068824-00069167 that god above hears us
+c7d38pxTWGu-00233-00069168-00069406 and he does not want
+c7d38pxTWGu-00234-00069407-00069575 a lord
+c7d38pxTWGu-00235-00069576-00069791 he does not want
+c7d38pxTWGu-00236-00069792-00070167 a maternity war blown all to pieces
+c7d38pxTWGu-00237-00070168-00070391 he doesn't want kids blowing all the
+c7d38pxTWGu-00238-00070392-00070494 pieces
+c7d38pxTWGu-00239-00070495-00070806 he doesn't tolerate or want evil in all
+c7d38pxTWGu-00240-00070807-00071062 the world
+c7d38pxTWGu-00241-00071063-00071303 you know without any question
+c7d38pxTWGu-00242-00071304-00071582 i know where god stands
+c7d38pxTWGu-00243-00071583-00071775 stands with ukraine
+c7d38pxTWGu-00244-00071776-00071999 and god stands with america
+c7d38pxTWGu-00245-00072000-00072335 and god stands with west virginia too
+c7d38pxTWGu-00246-00072336-00072582 now let me just end by just saying just
+c7d38pxTWGu-00247-00072583-00072823 this
+c7d38pxTWGu-00248-00072824-00072959 today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00249-00072960-00073175 in the state of west virginia
+c7d38pxTWGu-00250-00073176-00073535 there is an opportunity beyond belief
+c7d38pxTWGu-00251-00073536-00073823 with our fossil fuels today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00252-00073824-00074031 we can't screw it up
+c7d38pxTWGu-00253-00074032-00074279 we can't screw it up
+c7d38pxTWGu-00254-00074280-00074487 with every action there's an equal and
+c7d38pxTWGu-00255-00074488-00074782 opposite reaction that we want to take
+c7d38pxTWGu-00256-00074783-00075094 advantage and be hogs of course not
+c7d38pxTWGu-00257-00075095-00075311 absolutely i think that's the god-awful
+c7d38pxTWGu-00258-00075312-00075591 singing world we could possibly do
+c7d38pxTWGu-00259-00075592-00075799 but in our situation here in west
+c7d38pxTWGu-00260-00075800-00075959 virginia
+c7d38pxTWGu-00261-00075960-00076206 little old western kenyan
+c7d38pxTWGu-00262-00076207-00076399 that the world
+c7d38pxTWGu-00263-00076400-00076606 maybe not the world
+c7d38pxTWGu-00264-00076607-00076838 but at least the bible administration is
+c7d38pxTWGu-00265-00076839-00077103 kicked to the side in every way and
+c7d38pxTWGu-00266-00077104-00077375 tried to extinguish us
+c7d38pxTWGu-00267-00077376-00077615 to extinguish us
+c7d38pxTWGu-00268-00077616-00077894 today all of a sudden the whole world's
+c7d38pxTWGu-00269-00077895-00078103 running through the streets saying
+c7d38pxTWGu-00270-00078104-00078343 where's western kenya
+c7d38pxTWGu-00271-00078344-00078735 where's west virginia to save us
+c7d38pxTWGu-00272-00078736-00079079 u.s legislatures have a gigantic role
+c7d38pxTWGu-00273-00079080-00079231 right now
+c7d38pxTWGu-00274-00079232-00079519 without any question i would just end by
+c7d38pxTWGu-00275-00079520-00079735 saying just this
+c7d38pxTWGu-00276-00079736-00080126 why is it that america is afraid
+c7d38pxTWGu-00277-00080127-00080287 america
+c7d38pxTWGu-00278-00080288-00080503 america is afraid
+c7d38pxTWGu-00279-00080504-00080838 afraid maybe in the china or taliban in
+c7d38pxTWGu-00280-00080839-00081015 afghanistan
+c7d38pxTWGu-00281-00081016-00081215 maybe iran
+c7d38pxTWGu-00282-00081216-00081471 maybe maybe those that would object to
+c7d38pxTWGu-00283-00081472-00081838 our southern border being a border
+c7d38pxTWGu-00284-00081839-00082135 maybe those who would object to crime
+c7d38pxTWGu-00285-00082136-00082359 that we would stop it
+c7d38pxTWGu-00286-00082360-00082655 why is america afraid
+c7d38pxTWGu-00287-00082656-00082903 and i'm going to tell you
+c7d38pxTWGu-00288-00082904-00083055 and honest to god
+c7d38pxTWGu-00289-00083056-00083279 you can like it or not like him
+c7d38pxTWGu-00290-00083280-00083550 jim justice is not going to be afraid
+c7d38pxTWGu-00291-00083551-00083767 he's not going to be afraid
+c7d38pxTWGu-00292-00083768-00083950 he's going to stand just like i said
+c7d38pxTWGu-00293-00083951-00084223 just a minute ago he's going to stand
+c7d38pxTWGu-00294-00084224-00084559 and try to make you knowledgeable
+c7d38pxTWGu-00295-00084560-00084782 every last one of you himself
+c7d38pxTWGu-00296-00084783-00085006 knowledgeable the world knowledgeable
+c7d38pxTWGu-00297-00085007-00085191 just how important and how good you
+c7d38pxTWGu-00298-00085192-00085399 really are
+c7d38pxTWGu-00299-00085400-00085482 west
+c7d38pxTWGu-00300-00085483-00085975 virginia western vision of all places
+c7d38pxTWGu-00301-00085976-00086135 it's time
+c7d38pxTWGu-00302-00086136-00086367 it's time for west virginia to be that
+c7d38pxTWGu-00303-00086368-00086511 beacon
+c7d38pxTWGu-00304-00086512-00086711 it's time for the america to be the
+c7d38pxTWGu-00305-00086712-00086847 beacon
+c7d38pxTWGu-00306-00086848-00087062 it's not time for us to be afraid
+c7d38pxTWGu-00307-00087063-00087215 anymore
+c7d38pxTWGu-00308-00087216-00087447 it's time for us to leave
+c7d38pxTWGu-00309-00087448-00087655 and no one wants to push buttons in the
+c7d38pxTWGu-00310-00087656-00087823 nuclear war that would be absolutely
+c7d38pxTWGu-00311-00087824-00088094 frivolous to think that in every way but
+c7d38pxTWGu-00312-00088095-00088367 absolutely do you believe
+c7d38pxTWGu-00313-00088368-00088535 do you believe
+c7d38pxTWGu-00314-00088536-00088687 in your heart
+c7d38pxTWGu-00315-00088688-00088815 today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00316-00088816-00089159 a man that is blowing up hospitals and
+c7d38pxTWGu-00317-00089160-00089350 schools and everything is he going to
+c7d38pxTWGu-00318-00089351-00089599 stop
+c7d38pxTWGu-00319-00089600-00089887 is he going to stop and if you don't
+c7d38pxTWGu-00320-00089888-00090094 believe he's going to stop
+c7d38pxTWGu-00321-00090095-00090287 then my god you need to do something
+c7d38pxTWGu-00322-00090288-00090559 about it and you absolutely best better
+c7d38pxTWGu-00323-00090560-00090767 not be afraid
+c7d38pxTWGu-00324-00090768-00090918 a bully
+c7d38pxTWGu-00325-00090919-00091382 the bully only understands one thing
+c7d38pxTWGu-00326-00091383-00091543 today
+c7d38pxTWGu-00327-00091544-00091767 this country needs to be energy
+c7d38pxTWGu-00328-00091768-00093606 independent in every single solitary way
+c7d38pxTWGu-00329-00093607-00093782 and you know what
+c7d38pxTWGu-00330-00093783-00094135 that independence starts right here
+c7d38pxTWGu-00331-00094136-00094303 of all places
+c7d38pxTWGu-00332-00094304-00094518 little west virginia
+c7d38pxTWGu-00333-00094519-00094831 where we kicked our so we the world or
+c7d38pxTWGu-00334-00094832-00094959 the or the
+c7d38pxTWGu-00335-00094960-00095271 the green thinking people
+c7d38pxTWGu-00336-00095272-00095438 kicked
+c7d38pxTWGu-00337-00095439-00095647 you know what else i'll tell you just
+c7d38pxTWGu-00338-00095648-00095782 this
+c7d38pxTWGu-00339-00095783-00096118 god will give us time
+c7d38pxTWGu-00340-00096119-00096359 he will give us time for the smart
+c7d38pxTWGu-00341-00096360-00096582 people of the world
+c7d38pxTWGu-00342-00096583-00096911 to solve the riddle if there's truly
+c7d38pxTWGu-00343-00096912-00097206 climate change that needs to be adopted
+c7d38pxTWGu-00344-00097207-00097599 he'll give us time
+c7d38pxTWGu-00345-00097600-00097774 that for
+c7d38pxTWGu-00346-00097775-00097967 hospital
+c7d38pxTWGu-00347-00097968-00098082 those poor
+c7d38pxTWGu-00348-00098083-00098462 kids they don't have time now do they
+c7d38pxTWGu-00349-00098463-00098735 there's a madman on the loose
+c7d38pxTWGu-00350-00098736-00098967 maybe just maybe a nuclear weapon will
+c7d38pxTWGu-00351-00098968-00099318 go off we don't have time why in the
+c7d38pxTWGu-00352-00099319-00099535 world has it happened
+c7d38pxTWGu-00353-00099536-00099782 it's happened out of weakness and it's
+c7d38pxTWGu-00354-00099783-00100038 happened out of dependency
+c7d38pxTWGu-00355-00100039-00100343 we do not need to be dependent
+c7d38pxTWGu-00356-00100344-00100638 on folks all around this world
+c7d38pxTWGu-00357-00100639-00100838 as far as energy
+c7d38pxTWGu-00358-00100839-00101159 energy is a weapon and we best better
+c7d38pxTWGu-00359-00101160-00101350 realize it
+c7d38pxTWGu-00360-00101351-00101671 the last thing i say to you is just this
+c7d38pxTWGu-00361-00101672-00101838 a bully
+c7d38pxTWGu-00362-00101839-00102174 a bully understands only one thing
+c7d38pxTWGu-00363-00102175-00102367 it's all there is to it
+c7d38pxTWGu-00364-00102368-00102663 a bully if you ask the bully to stop
+c7d38pxTWGu-00365-00102664-00102847 and he doesn't stop
+c7d38pxTWGu-00366-00102848-00103142 in my opinion you drill his ass that's
+c7d38pxTWGu-00367-00103143-00104823 always
+c7d38pxTWGu-00368-00104824-00105007 the whole world needs to hear west
+c7d38pxTWGu-00369-00105008-00105309 virginia right now thank y'all
+c7d38pxTWGu-00370-00105310-00106183 [Applause]
+c92S4u3v2sY-00000-00000179-00000461 you are part of movements for ending
+c92S4u3v2sY-00001-00000462-00000682 gender-based violence for sexual and
+c92S4u3v2sY-00002-00000683-00000877 reproductive health and rights and for
+c92S4u3v2sY-00003-00000878-00001025 economic and political empowerment
+c92S4u3v2sY-00004-00001026-00001433 happening all over the world every day
+c92S4u3v2sY-00005-00001434-00001651 the work you do is creating social
+c92S4u3v2sY-00006-00001652-00001992 change to advance women's rights
+c92S4u3v2sY-00007-00001993-00002222 building movements for social change
+c92S4u3v2sY-00008-00002223-00002593 takes time to allow for ongoing learning
+c92S4u3v2sY-00009-00002594-00002785 and ensure that we are on the right
+c92S4u3v2sY-00010-00002786-00003001 track it is important to measure the
+c92S4u3v2sY-00011-00003002-00003182 change women's rights groups are
+c92S4u3v2sY-00012-00003183-00003551 creating because social change is
+c92S4u3v2sY-00013-00003552-00003752 complex we have adapted a framework
+c92S4u3v2sY-00014-00003753-00004006 created by the organization gender at
+c92S4u3v2sY-00015-00004007-00004304 work called the change matrix to help us
+c92S4u3v2sY-00016-00004305-00004601 measure changes the framework describes
+c92S4u3v2sY-00017-00004602-00004811 four domains in which gender power
+c92S4u3v2sY-00018-00004812-00005038 structures operate and are aligned along
+c92S4u3v2sY-00019-00005039-00005452 two axes individual to systemic and
+c92S4u3v2sY-00020-00005453-00005849 informal to formal these four domains
+c92S4u3v2sY-00021-00005850-00006245 are increased awareness and agency among
+c92S4u3v2sY-00022-00006246-00006667 women and girls increase access to
+c92S4u3v2sY-00023-00006668-00006959 resources services and power for women
+c92S4u3v2sY-00024-00006959-00007435 and girls changes in social norms and
+c92S4u3v2sY-00025-00007436-00008232 practices influencing policies and laws
+c92S4u3v2sY-00026-00008233-00008436 we believe that for social
+c92S4u3v2sY-00027-00008437-00008619 transformation to have the greatest
+c92S4u3v2sY-00028-00008620-00008916 impact and be sustainable change must
+c92S4u3v2sY-00029-00008917-00009357 occur in all four domains now let's look
+c92S4u3v2sY-00030-00009358-00009579 at examples of changes that can be
+c92S4u3v2sY-00031-00009580-00009837 captured in each space by seeing how the
+c92S4u3v2sY-00032-00009838-00010032 achievements of a women's rights group
+c92S4u3v2sY-00033-00010033-00010500 fits into them 30 girls increase their
+c92S4u3v2sY-00034-00010501-00010728 awareness about gender-based violence as
+c92S4u3v2sY-00035-00010729-00011115 a human rights issue 12 girls became
+c92S4u3v2sY-00036-00011116-00011379 peer educators advocating against
+c92S4u3v2sY-00037-00011380-00011919 gender-based violence 114 more women
+c92S4u3v2sY-00038-00011920-00012099 receive the type of sexual and
+c92S4u3v2sY-00039-00012100-00012303 reproductive health services they need
+c92S4u3v2sY-00040-00012304-00012510 because a new center opened in their
+c92S4u3v2sY-00041-00012511-00012858 rural community three schools are
+c92S4u3v2sY-00042-00012859-00012993 implementing a new comprehensive
+c92S4u3v2sY-00043-00012994-00013461 sexuality education people in the
+c92S4u3v2sY-00044-00013462-00013680 community are now talking about domestic
+c92S4u3v2sY-00045-00013681-00014004 violence issues publicly local
+c92S4u3v2sY-00046-00014005-00014241 traditional leaders now actively support
+c92S4u3v2sY-00047-00014241-00014484 women's participation in local council
+c92S4u3v2sY-00048-00014485-00014904 elections a new law was passed to
+c92S4u3v2sY-00049-00014905-00015122 criminalize all forms of gender-based
+c92S4u3v2sY-00050-00015123-00015275 violence
+c92S4u3v2sY-00051-00015276-00015582 women's rights groups were invited to
+c92S4u3v2sY-00052-00015583-00015816 provide recommendations to the new draft
+c92S4u3v2sY-00053-00015816-00016074 policy on protecting women's rights to
+c92S4u3v2sY-00054-00016075-00016449 land and inheritance you might be asking
+c92S4u3v2sY-00055-00016450-00016713 what if I am just a small organization
+c92S4u3v2sY-00056-00016714-00017055 and I don't work in all four areas not
+c92S4u3v2sY-00057-00017056-00017358 all organizations work in all four areas
+c92S4u3v2sY-00058-00017359-00017637 and no one organization create social
+c92S4u3v2sY-00059-00017638-00017958 change alone rather each one contributes
+c92S4u3v2sY-00060-00017959-00018194 in different ways to the bigger movement
+c92S4u3v2sY-00061-00018195-00018594 to advance women's rights in order to
+c92S4u3v2sY-00062-00018595-00018783 see what our grantees achieved
+c92S4u3v2sY-00063-00018784-00019053 collectively we organize the outcomes
+c92S4u3v2sY-00064-00019054-00019322 from all the organization's reporting to
+c92S4u3v2sY-00065-00019323-00019680 us into the change matrix based on
+c92S4u3v2sY-00066-00019681-00020015 grants awarded in 2012 through 2013
+c92S4u3v2sY-00067-00020016-00020331 grantees reported changes in all four
+c92S4u3v2sY-00068-00020332-00020811 areas and 79% of our grantees are
+c92S4u3v2sY-00069-00020812-00021219 reporting change in two or more areas
+c92S4u3v2sY-00070-00021220-00021561 thank you by measuring your outcomes we
+c92S4u3v2sY-00071-00021562-00021792 can better understand the progress you
+c92S4u3v2sY-00072-00021793-00022036 and other organizations are making to
+c92S4u3v2sY-00073-00022037-00022431 advance women's rights around the world
+cqDYGioUPCI-00000-00000208-00000318 as david said
+cqDYGioUPCI-00001-00000319-00000663 um tonight is um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00002-00000664-00000927 brought to us by queensland genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00003-00000927-00001015 previously
+cqDYGioUPCI-00004-00001016-00001350 um known as the queensland genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00005-00001351-00001511 health alliance so they underwent a bit
+cqDYGioUPCI-00006-00001512-00001671 of rebranding
+cqDYGioUPCI-00007-00001672-00001902 queensland genomics is a good example of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00008-00001903-00002151 uh where we're at
+cqDYGioUPCI-00009-00002152-00002439 i guess from our systems perspective
+cqDYGioUPCI-00010-00002440-00002583 with genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00011-00002584-00002758 i think it was about five years ago the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00012-00002759-00003007 queensland government
+cqDYGioUPCI-00013-00003008-00003335 put aside 25 million dollars to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00014-00003336-00003686 integrate genomics into
+cqDYGioUPCI-00015-00003688-00004191 routine healthcare across queensland
+cqDYGioUPCI-00016-00004192-00004502 so with this end goal
+cqDYGioUPCI-00017-00004503-00004727 the team at queensland genomics have
+cqDYGioUPCI-00018-00004728-00005031 been taking a multi-pronged approach
+cqDYGioUPCI-00019-00005032-00005367 to look at how we can make genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00020-00005368-00005575 mainstream
+cqDYGioUPCI-00021-00005576-00005791 so that's been primarily through what
+cqDYGioUPCI-00022-00005792-00006022 they've called the flagship projects
+cqDYGioUPCI-00023-00006023-00006327 so these are i guess disease-specific
+cqDYGioUPCI-00024-00006328-00006614 conditions looking at testing in a whole
+cqDYGioUPCI-00025-00006615-00006870 range of conditions but for example
+cqDYGioUPCI-00026-00006872-00007191 rare childhood disorders cardiac
+cqDYGioUPCI-00027-00007192-00007287 genetics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00028-00007288-00007839 infectious diseases and of course cancer
+cqDYGioUPCI-00029-00007840-00008134 along with that though has been a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00030-00008136-00008231 capabilities
+cqDYGioUPCI-00031-00008232-00008510 stream so it's not not much point saying
+cqDYGioUPCI-00032-00008511-00008631 yeah we're sure we can test for
+cqDYGioUPCI-00033-00008632-00008774 something but you have to be able to use
+cqDYGioUPCI-00034-00008775-00008951 and integrate the technology
+cqDYGioUPCI-00035-00008952-00009295 uh within our day-to-day health care
+cqDYGioUPCI-00036-00009296-00009519 and so that's that's quite a large part
+cqDYGioUPCI-00037-00009520-00009710 of the queensland genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00038-00009711-00009935 project so that's looking at the vast
+cqDYGioUPCI-00039-00009936-00010142 amounts of data that are generated from
+cqDYGioUPCI-00040-00010143-00010342 genomic testing how we deal with that
+cqDYGioUPCI-00041-00010343-00010599 how we process the bioinformatics it
+cqDYGioUPCI-00042-00010600-00010799 goes well beyond just all the technical
+cqDYGioUPCI-00043-00010800-00011055 aspects of it there are many ethical and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00044-00011056-00011174 social issues
+cqDYGioUPCI-00045-00011175-00011423 that need to be considered and these are
+cqDYGioUPCI-00046-00011424-00011495 all being
+cqDYGioUPCI-00047-00011496-00011751 studied through this generous grant from
+cqDYGioUPCI-00048-00011752-00011951 the from the government
+cqDYGioUPCI-00049-00011952-00012191 where i fit in is the education
+cqDYGioUPCI-00050-00012192-00012367 workforce development arm
+cqDYGioUPCI-00051-00012368-00012574 and so my substantial role at the moment
+cqDYGioUPCI-00052-00012575-00012687 is
+cqDYGioUPCI-00053-00012688-00013102 teaching scientists how to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00054-00013103-00013311 read and interpret genomic information
+cqDYGioUPCI-00055-00013312-00013535 through a degree here at qut
+cqDYGioUPCI-00056-00013536-00013838 but i'm also involved in a number of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00057-00013840-00013946 other um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00058-00013947-00014183 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-00059-00014184-00014486 projects that queensland genomics has
+cqDYGioUPCI-00060-00014487-00014758 got off the ground including this one
+cqDYGioUPCI-00061-00014759-00014919 i'd also like to just take a quick
+cqDYGioUPCI-00062-00014919-00015015 opportunity to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00063-00015016-00015271 to thank checkup tonight checkups
+cqDYGioUPCI-00064-00015272-00015407 provided the administrative
+cqDYGioUPCI-00065-00015408-00015750 and i.t support and also the governance
+cqDYGioUPCI-00066-00015751-00016143 oversight of this particular project
+cqDYGioUPCI-00067-00016144-00016479 so myself i'm a clinical geneticist
+cqDYGioUPCI-00068-00016480-00016783 so i trained here in brisbane in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00069-00016784-00016911 pediatrics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00070-00016912-00017239 and decided that i was quite taken by
+cqDYGioUPCI-00071-00017240-00017327 genetics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00072-00017328-00017567 this was before the the era of big
+cqDYGioUPCI-00073-00017568-00017663 genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00074-00017664-00017807 i went to sydney for a couple of years
+cqDYGioUPCI-00075-00017808-00017983 to further my specialty training
+cqDYGioUPCI-00076-00017984-00018222 and then came back to brisbane and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00077-00018223-00018311 worked
+cqDYGioUPCI-00078-00018312-00018535 at genetic health queensland for over a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00079-00018536-00018614 decade
+cqDYGioUPCI-00080-00018615-00018830 before undertaking a little bit of a sea
+cqDYGioUPCI-00081-00018831-00018983 change and now pursuing a life in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00082-00018984-00019183 academia
+cqDYGioUPCI-00083-00019184-00019583 so my life now really is involved in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00084-00019584-00019822 teaching but i've also got a couple of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00085-00019823-00020167 research projects on the on the go
+cqDYGioUPCI-00086-00020168-00020455 and so it's really making the most of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00087-00020456-00020599 all that i've learned through my
+cqDYGioUPCI-00088-00020600-00020830 clinical career and being able to pass
+cqDYGioUPCI-00089-00020831-00020983 that knowledge on
+cqDYGioUPCI-00090-00020984-00021286 to to all sorts of people so scientists
+cqDYGioUPCI-00091-00021287-00021735 and clinicians like yourselves
+cqDYGioUPCI-00092-00021736-00022111 um we're just going to try slido
+cqDYGioUPCI-00093-00022112-00022558 here so what i would like to know
+cqDYGioUPCI-00094-00022559-00023150 is first of all
+cqDYGioUPCI-00095-00023151-00023439 has anyone here heard of queensland
+cqDYGioUPCI-00096-00023440-00023630 genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00097-00023631-00023883 now forgive me if the technology is not
+cqDYGioUPCI-00098-00023884-00024439 working
+cqDYGioUPCI-00099-00024440-00024742 but i'd like to know who have you out
+cqDYGioUPCI-00100-00024743-00025283 there has heard of queensland queensland
+cqDYGioUPCI-00101-00025284-00025927 genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00102-00025927-00026367 so
+cqDYGioUPCI-00103-00026368-00026727 only one person so that's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00104-00026727-00027046 not many so hopefully tonight um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00105-00027047-00027407 this uh talk and the follow-up webinars
+cqDYGioUPCI-00106-00027408-00027551 give you some idea of the money that's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00107-00027552-00027870 being invested in uh genomic technology
+cqDYGioUPCI-00108-00027872-00028014 and this money is being replicated
+cqDYGioUPCI-00109-00028016-00028207 across the country so
+cqDYGioUPCI-00110-00028208-00028614 we've it's not just a a thing that's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00111-00028616-00028758 queensland-based but there's a melbourne
+cqDYGioUPCI-00112-00028760-00028990 genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00113-00028991-00029183 body and then the big one's the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00114-00029183-00029302 australian
+cqDYGioUPCI-00115-00029304-00029631 genomics based in melbourne as well
+cqDYGioUPCI-00116-00029632-00029902 so governments at all levels are
+cqDYGioUPCI-00117-00029904-00029983 investing in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00118-00029983-00030190 in technology the numbers have just
+cqDYGioUPCI-00119-00030191-00030439 updated we've now got 19 people
+cqDYGioUPCI-00120-00030439-00030887 who've heard of queensland genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00121-00030888-00031007 so it's good that a number of people
+cqDYGioUPCI-00122-00031008-00031207 have heard of it the next question i'd
+cqDYGioUPCI-00123-00031208-00031343 like to ask
+cqDYGioUPCI-00124-00031344-00031543 is who is familiar with this document
+cqDYGioUPCI-00125-00031544-00032743 genomics in general practice
+cqDYGioUPCI-00126-00032744-00033055 so i apologize for the lag so while
+cqDYGioUPCI-00127-00033056-00033199 we're waiting for those answers to come
+cqDYGioUPCI-00128-00033200-00033295 in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00129-00033296-00033543 this document is really quite a nifty
+cqDYGioUPCI-00130-00033544-00033655 document i think it
+cqDYGioUPCI-00131-00033656-00033855 would be a valuable tool for you those
+cqDYGioUPCI-00132-00033856-00034151 of you working in general practice
+cqDYGioUPCI-00133-00034152-00034359 it's something that is put together by
+cqDYGioUPCI-00134-00034360-00034479 your college
+cqDYGioUPCI-00135-00034480-00034783 it uses has used the brain's trust of a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00136-00034784-00035023 number of experts
+cqDYGioUPCI-00137-00035024-00035335 in genetics and it's a little bit of a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00138-00035336-00035527 one-stop shop in a way
+cqDYGioUPCI-00139-00035528-00035687 say you're having to trawl through the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00140-00035688-00035879 internet looking for your
+cqDYGioUPCI-00141-00035880-00036343 your questions but essentially
+cqDYGioUPCI-00142-00036344-00036551 most of the common genetic conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-00143-00036552-00036687 are listed there so if you have a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00144-00036688-00036839 patient
+cqDYGioUPCI-00145-00036840-00037030 who's worried about a common genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00146-00037031-00037199 condition or a common presentation of a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00147-00037200-00037318 genetic disorder
+cqDYGioUPCI-00148-00037319-00037646 you can quickly look that up but it also
+cqDYGioUPCI-00149-00037647-00038007 gives information on testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00150-00038008-00038223 and platforms how they work how they
+cqDYGioUPCI-00151-00038224-00038471 work what their limitations are
+cqDYGioUPCI-00152-00038472-00038574 and some of the things that we're
+cqDYGioUPCI-00153-00038575-00038887 talking about tonight such as screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-00154-00038888-00039230 and some caveats to to testing so if
+cqDYGioUPCI-00155-00039231-00039367 you're not familiar with
+cqDYGioUPCI-00156-00039368-00039679 this as my poll says about 30 of you
+cqDYGioUPCI-00157-00039680-00039759 aren't
+cqDYGioUPCI-00158-00039760-00039951 um then i do encourage you just to hop
+cqDYGioUPCI-00159-00039952-00040199 on to um the rac gp
+cqDYGioUPCI-00160-00040200-00040462 website um download it and just you know
+cqDYGioUPCI-00161-00040463-00040623 keep it on you know in a handy place
+cqDYGioUPCI-00162-00040624-00040839 just bookmark it
+cqDYGioUPCI-00163-00040840-00040999 for if you are seeing patients with
+cqDYGioUPCI-00164-00041000-00041239 genomic questions and genomic disorders
+cqDYGioUPCI-00165-00041240-00041543 um this is a good place to to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00166-00041544-00041799 start if you're unfamiliar with the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00167-00041800-00041974 questions being asked or unsure of what
+cqDYGioUPCI-00168-00041975-00042087 the answer is
+cqDYGioUPCI-00169-00042088-00042430 or where to look for that matter
+cqDYGioUPCI-00170-00042431-00042662 so what is all this genomics and what on
+cqDYGioUPCI-00171-00042663-00043007 earth ever happened to genetics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00172-00043008-00043399 so essentially genomics is a word that's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00173-00043400-00043687 really come about in the last 10 or 15
+cqDYGioUPCI-00174-00043688-00043774 years
+cqDYGioUPCI-00175-00043775-00044039 and in a way is surpassing the term
+cqDYGioUPCI-00176-00044040-00044143 genetics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00177-00044144-00044390 and a lot of what we previously referred
+cqDYGioUPCI-00178-00044391-00044590 to as genetics is being
+cqDYGioUPCI-00179-00044591-00044871 sucked up by this term genomics and it
+cqDYGioUPCI-00180-00044872-00045143 can be a bit of a pain to be honest
+cqDYGioUPCI-00181-00045144-00045302 because a lot of the time what we're
+cqDYGioUPCI-00182-00045303-00045430 talking about between genetics and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00183-00045431-00045518 genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00184-00045519-00045735 tends to be the same thing but we've
+cqDYGioUPCI-00185-00045736-00045967 just invented a different a new word so
+cqDYGioUPCI-00186-00045968-00046102 every time we say
+cqDYGioUPCI-00187-00046103-00046246 something about genetics we have to say
+cqDYGioUPCI-00188-00046247-00046551 something about genetics and genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00189-00046552-00046871 but i found this nice little definition
+cqDYGioUPCI-00190-00046872-00047039 which is probably a little bit of an
+cqDYGioUPCI-00191-00047040-00047207 over simplification but it does get your
+cqDYGioUPCI-00192-00047208-00047286 head around
+cqDYGioUPCI-00193-00047287-00047567 the the concept of genomics and so what
+cqDYGioUPCI-00194-00047568-00047679 genomics is
+cqDYGioUPCI-00195-00047680-00047862 is the study and the structure of the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00196-00047863-00048023 function of the genome
+cqDYGioUPCI-00197-00048024-00048351 so that's basically all our dna how it
+cqDYGioUPCI-00198-00048352-00048623 uh talks to each other how it talks and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00199-00048624-00048830 how it sort of encodes and makes our
+cqDYGioUPCI-00200-00048831-00048902 body
+cqDYGioUPCI-00201-00048903-00049207 function of course it does raise the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00202-00049208-00049271 question then
+cqDYGioUPCI-00203-00049272-00049446 what's the genome well the genome is
+cqDYGioUPCI-00204-00049447-00049815 just basically a complete set of our dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-00205-00049816-00050046 now dna is not just genes and that's why
+cqDYGioUPCI-00206-00050047-00050215 this term genomics i guess has been
+cqDYGioUPCI-00207-00050216-00050318 invented and is
+cqDYGioUPCI-00208-00050319-00050646 being promulgated genes technically
+cqDYGioUPCI-00209-00050647-00050718 speaking
+cqDYGioUPCI-00210-00050719-00051046 are the protein coding very
+cqDYGioUPCI-00211-00051047-00051375 protein coding regions within our
+cqDYGioUPCI-00212-00051376-00051711 genome and there's only about 20 000
+cqDYGioUPCI-00213-00051712-00051823 pairs of genes
+cqDYGioUPCI-00214-00051824-00051982 and this only makes up about one or two
+cqDYGioUPCI-00215-00051983-00052238 percent of all of our dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-00216-00052239-00052487 so there's a lot of dna out there that's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00217-00052488-00052566 not
+cqDYGioUPCI-00218-00052567-00052935 actually genetic uh on a technical level
+cqDYGioUPCI-00219-00052936-00053126 and so that's why we're using this term
+cqDYGioUPCI-00220-00053127-00053263 genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00221-00053264-00053463 now a lot of what we talk about uh
+cqDYGioUPCI-00222-00053464-00053638 tonight in the then and in the following
+cqDYGioUPCI-00223-00053639-00053735 two
+cqDYGioUPCI-00224-00053736-00054047 uh webinars i will restrict to talking
+cqDYGioUPCI-00225-00054048-00054182 about genes
+cqDYGioUPCI-00226-00054183-00054471 but we are finding out a lot about um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00227-00054472-00054535 the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00228-00054536-00054823 bits in between the genes so the the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00229-00054824-00054914 non-coding
+cqDYGioUPCI-00230-00054915-00055159 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-00231-00055160-00055463 dna and rna which has a lot to do with
+cqDYGioUPCI-00232-00055464-00055654 the background if you like
+cqDYGioUPCI-00233-00055655-00056007 so this whilst we used to think of it as
+cqDYGioUPCI-00234-00056008-00056150 i guess junk dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-00235-00056151-00056430 we're now learning that it's far from it
+cqDYGioUPCI-00236-00056432-00056479 um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00237-00056479-00056615 and when you think about it we're a bit
+cqDYGioUPCI-00238-00056616-00056830 naive to think 90 of our dna would be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00239-00056832-00056894 junk
+cqDYGioUPCI-00240-00056895-00057103 but it has a lot to do with how genes
+cqDYGioUPCI-00241-00057104-00057254 are regulated how they're turned on how
+cqDYGioUPCI-00242-00057255-00057399 they're turned off
+cqDYGioUPCI-00243-00057400-00057542 how they react to each other and how
+cqDYGioUPCI-00244-00057544-00057854 they talk to each other
+cqDYGioUPCI-00245-00057855-00058111 when we look at genetics so that the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00246-00058112-00058279 definition of genetics i guess is being
+cqDYGioUPCI-00247-00058279-00058375 simplified
+cqDYGioUPCI-00248-00058376-00058623 and this is a simplified definition here
+cqDYGioUPCI-00249-00058624-00058742 saying it's the study of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00250-00058744-00059054 hereditary and inherited diseases
+cqDYGioUPCI-00251-00059055-00059166 and following on from what i'm just
+cqDYGioUPCI-00252-00059167-00059359 saying you could say
+cqDYGioUPCI-00253-00059360-00059679 it could be the the study of um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00254-00059679-00059926 genetic as in protein-coding dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-00255-00059927-00060023 disorders
+cqDYGioUPCI-00256-00060024-00060254 but i think that is probably a concept
+cqDYGioUPCI-00257-00060255-00060399 that's being taken up by the term
+cqDYGioUPCI-00258-00060400-00060494 genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00259-00060495-00060766 and this definition listed here the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00260-00060767-00060919 study of hereditary how things run
+cqDYGioUPCI-00261-00060920-00061119 through families and inherited disorders
+cqDYGioUPCI-00262-00061120-00061247 is probably where we're going with the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00263-00061248-00061566 term genetics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00264-00061567-00061711 so in this brave new world that we're
+cqDYGioUPCI-00265-00061712-00061894 living in are there any other new words
+cqDYGioUPCI-00266-00061895-00062103 that we need to know about
+cqDYGioUPCI-00267-00062104-00062366 well one word that's really well and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00268-00062367-00062623 truly on the way out is mutation
+cqDYGioUPCI-00269-00062624-00062887 so previously when we thought about an
+cqDYGioUPCI-00270-00062888-00063054 error in our genetic makeup
+cqDYGioUPCI-00271-00063055-00063366 we would call it a mutation and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00272-00063367-00063575 what has occurred over the years is the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00273-00063576-00063671 word mutation
+cqDYGioUPCI-00274-00063672-00063887 has come to mean different things for
+cqDYGioUPCI-00275-00063888-00064079 different people
+cqDYGioUPCI-00276-00064079-00064399 so for myself as a clinician
+cqDYGioUPCI-00277-00064400-00064630 i would often talk about a mutation as
+cqDYGioUPCI-00278-00064632-00064830 being something
+cqDYGioUPCI-00279-00064832-00065023 that was in the genetic material that
+cqDYGioUPCI-00280-00065024-00065223 caused disease
+cqDYGioUPCI-00281-00065224-00065519 whereas scientists and researchers would
+cqDYGioUPCI-00282-00065520-00065663 think of a mutation
+cqDYGioUPCI-00283-00065664-00065911 as anything that was different from the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00284-00065912-00066094 standard reference dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-00285-00066095-00066279 and so the language started to get a bit
+cqDYGioUPCI-00286-00066280-00066431 confused
+cqDYGioUPCI-00287-00066432-00066687 and so the word mutations slowly being
+cqDYGioUPCI-00288-00066688-00066767 whittled away
+cqDYGioUPCI-00289-00066768-00067023 and replaced by this word variant and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00290-00067024-00067135 certainly
+cqDYGioUPCI-00291-00067136-00067375 genetic result reports are now talking
+cqDYGioUPCI-00292-00067376-00067655 about variance rather than mutations
+cqDYGioUPCI-00293-00067656-00067806 and so what is the variant well
+cqDYGioUPCI-00294-00067807-00068119 basically it's any alteration in our dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-00295-00068120-00068263 now we're all different from each other
+cqDYGioUPCI-00296-00068264-00068550 so therefore we've all got variance
+cqDYGioUPCI-00297-00068551-00068726 when we're talking about medical
+cqDYGioUPCI-00298-00068727-00068959 genomics what we're interested in is is
+cqDYGioUPCI-00299-00068960-00069135 that variant pathogenic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00300-00069136-00069271 causing disease or if it's not
+cqDYGioUPCI-00301-00069272-00069503 pathogenic and so these are the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00302-00069504-00069655 terms you're likely to encounter if
+cqDYGioUPCI-00303-00069656-00069855 reading a genetic report or a genomic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00304-00069856-00069919 report
+cqDYGioUPCI-00305-00069920-00070159 pathogenic variant or a non-pathogenic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00306-00070160-00070247 variant
+cqDYGioUPCI-00307-00070248-00070511 also known as a polymorphism
+cqDYGioUPCI-00308-00070512-00070726 polymorphism
+cqDYGioUPCI-00309-00070727-00070999 being used for a normal variant in the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00310-00071000-00071375 population
+cqDYGioUPCI-00311-00071376-00071662 all this has come about through our
+cqDYGioUPCI-00312-00071663-00071838 increased ability to look
+cqDYGioUPCI-00313-00071839-00072191 at genes and chromosomes so
+cqDYGioUPCI-00314-00072192-00072455 from about the 1950s we're able to look
+cqDYGioUPCI-00315-00072456-00072494 at
+cqDYGioUPCI-00316-00072495-00072831 the chromosomes and these were
+cqDYGioUPCI-00317-00072832-00073175 a high level down a microscope
+cqDYGioUPCI-00318-00073176-00073606 view then from the 1980s and 1990s we
+cqDYGioUPCI-00319-00073607-00073759 started to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00320-00073760-00074015 clone gene through the human genome
+cqDYGioUPCI-00321-00074016-00074143 project
+cqDYGioUPCI-00322-00074144-00074415 and we were able to see i guess single
+cqDYGioUPCI-00323-00074416-00074591 single genes
+cqDYGioUPCI-00324-00074592-00074903 and then around the late 1990s early
+cqDYGioUPCI-00325-00074904-00075031 2000s
+cqDYGioUPCI-00326-00075032-00075182 technology started to come around where
+cqDYGioUPCI-00327-00075183-00075423 we were able to see the chromosomes
+cqDYGioUPCI-00328-00075424-00075887 in a little bit more detail and so
+cqDYGioUPCI-00329-00075888-00076175 our testing from these beginnings has
+cqDYGioUPCI-00330-00076176-00076319 changed
+cqDYGioUPCI-00331-00076320-00076655 so cytogenetics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00332-00076656-00076871 where we looked at the packaging of the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00333-00076872-00077071 genes the chromosomes
+cqDYGioUPCI-00334-00077072-00077367 has now become cytogenomics because
+cqDYGioUPCI-00335-00077368-00077535 we're able to hone in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00336-00077536-00077775 at a greater magnitude into those
+cqDYGioUPCI-00337-00077776-00077935 chromosomes
+cqDYGioUPCI-00338-00077936-00078391 and look at them at a greater resolution
+cqDYGioUPCI-00339-00078392-00078694 gene analysis well previously it was
+cqDYGioUPCI-00340-00078695-00078838 looking at one gene at a time
+cqDYGioUPCI-00341-00078839-00079023 essentially
+cqDYGioUPCI-00342-00079024-00079262 and instead of looking at one gene at a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00343-00079263-00079350 time
+cqDYGioUPCI-00344-00079351-00079550 we're now looking we can look at all the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00345-00079551-00079655 genes at once
+cqDYGioUPCI-00346-00079656-00079791 and so we're going from this genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00347-00079792-00080062 level to a genomic level
+cqDYGioUPCI-00348-00080063-00080238 and i won't forget the biochemical
+cqDYGioUPCI-00349-00080239-00080367 analysis either they've
+cqDYGioUPCI-00350-00080368-00080591 biochemistry has been streaks ahead of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00351-00080592-00080743 genetics in a way
+cqDYGioUPCI-00352-00080744-00080991 but in the old days and we're talking
+cqDYGioUPCI-00353-00080992-00081094 you know going back
+cqDYGioUPCI-00354-00081095-00081399 several decades now we used to only be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00355-00081400-00081703 able to assay one biochemical analyte at
+cqDYGioUPCI-00356-00081704-00081815 a time
+cqDYGioUPCI-00357-00081816-00082215 but through technologies such as
+cqDYGioUPCI-00358-00082216-00082415 tandem mass spectrometers the tandem
+cqDYGioUPCI-00359-00082416-00082623 mass spectrometry excuse me
+cqDYGioUPCI-00360-00082624-00082799 we're able to look at dozens and dozens
+cqDYGioUPCI-00361-00082800-00083423 of analytes simultaneously
+cqDYGioUPCI-00362-00083424-00083799 so this is a table summarizing what i've
+cqDYGioUPCI-00363-00083800-00083911 just said
+cqDYGioUPCI-00364-00083912-00084255 so in the old genetic world from a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00365-00084256-00084375 biochemical level
+cqDYGioUPCI-00366-00084376-00084615 we're looking at things you know just
+cqDYGioUPCI-00367-00084616-00084815 one compound in isolation
+cqDYGioUPCI-00368-00084816-00084999 whereas things like tandem mass spec
+cqDYGioUPCI-00369-00085000-00085215 we're able to look at heaps of things at
+cqDYGioUPCI-00370-00085216-00085391 once
+cqDYGioUPCI-00371-00085392-00085575 i'll skip down to a molecular genetics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00372-00085576-00085743 level saying a sequencing that's what we
+cqDYGioUPCI-00373-00085744-00085975 call first generation sequencing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00374-00085976-00086262 um this was a this enabled us to look at
+cqDYGioUPCI-00375-00086263-00086350 one exon
+cqDYGioUPCI-00376-00086351-00086559 or one gene at a time and now we're up
+cqDYGioUPCI-00377-00086560-00086735 to this massive parallel massively
+cqDYGioUPCI-00378-00086736-00086894 parallel sequencing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00379-00086895-00087103 where we can examine the entire genome
+cqDYGioUPCI-00380-00087104-00087318 all at once
+cqDYGioUPCI-00381-00087319-00087591 in cytogenetics it's a bit reverse so we
+cqDYGioUPCI-00382-00087592-00087750 started off
+cqDYGioUPCI-00383-00087751-00087975 looking at this bird's eye view of the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00384-00087976-00088143 packaging
+cqDYGioUPCI-00385-00088144-00088438 and what we can do now is really zoom in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00386-00088439-00088487 so
+cqDYGioUPCI-00387-00088488-00088679 from this resolution of 5 million base
+cqDYGioUPCI-00388-00088680-00088791 pairs down to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00389-00088792-00089111 a resolution on average of about 200 000
+cqDYGioUPCI-00390-00089112-00089262 base pairs
+cqDYGioUPCI-00391-00089263-00089543 and look at aberrations and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00392-00089544-00089655 polymorphisms
+cqDYGioUPCI-00393-00089656-00089831 in our packaging so these things don't
+cqDYGioUPCI-00394-00089832-00089959 occur just at the genetic level they
+cqDYGioUPCI-00395-00089960-00090143 occur at the packaging level
+cqDYGioUPCI-00396-00090144-00090294 we find people missing bits of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00397-00090295-00090438 chromosomal information people have
+cqDYGioUPCI-00398-00090439-00090479 extra
+cqDYGioUPCI-00399-00090480-00090831 chromosomal information and this may or
+cqDYGioUPCI-00400-00090832-00091271 may not lead to disease
+cqDYGioUPCI-00401-00091272-00091606 this genomic technology can be used
+cqDYGioUPCI-00402-00091607-00091959 across the life span so
+cqDYGioUPCI-00403-00091960-00092326 tonight we'll be looking at the left of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00404-00092327-00092399 this
+cqDYGioUPCI-00405-00092400-00092631 timeline here and how looking at how we
+cqDYGioUPCI-00406-00092632-00092799 can apply this
+cqDYGioUPCI-00407-00092800-00092991 genomic technology to things like
+cqDYGioUPCI-00408-00092992-00093182 carrier screening to enable
+cqDYGioUPCI-00409-00093183-00093455 couples to have better options for
+cqDYGioUPCI-00410-00093456-00093694 pregnancies
+cqDYGioUPCI-00411-00093695-00093943 for us we can look at screening of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00412-00093944-00094126 embryos
+cqDYGioUPCI-00413-00094127-00094279 we can look at pregnant established
+cqDYGioUPCI-00414-00094280-00094471 pregnancies
+cqDYGioUPCI-00415-00094472-00094694 this is starting to encroach on the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00416-00094695-00094950 world of newborn screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-00417-00094951-00095135 and then we can look at how we diagnose
+cqDYGioUPCI-00418-00095136-00095415 children with rare diseases
+cqDYGioUPCI-00419-00095416-00095662 in subsequent webinars we'll look at
+cqDYGioUPCI-00420-00095663-00095774 other topics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00421-00095775-00096111 such as adult onset diseases
+cqDYGioUPCI-00422-00096112-00096403 we'll look at direct consumer marketing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00423-00096404-00096647 pharmacogenomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00424-00096648-00096918 and the big ticket item is cancer
+cqDYGioUPCI-00425-00096919-00097255 genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00426-00097256-00097655 one thing um that's is used
+cqDYGioUPCI-00427-00097656-00097911 not commonly but is certainly becoming
+cqDYGioUPCI-00428-00097912-00097982 possible
+cqDYGioUPCI-00429-00097983-00098326 is the molecular autopsy and so this
+cqDYGioUPCI-00430-00098327-00098735 is a way in which um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00431-00098736-00099103 the genome is examined as a part
+cqDYGioUPCI-00432-00099104-00099350 of the regular autopsy which we think of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00433-00099351-00099518 as an anatomical thing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00434-00099519-00099871 examination of the of the body
+cqDYGioUPCI-00435-00099872-00100038 but a molecular autopsy can look at the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00436-00100039-00100182 genes
+cqDYGioUPCI-00437-00100183-00100326 and there are many causes of sudden
+cqDYGioUPCI-00438-00100327-00100606 death that are genetic in origin
+cqDYGioUPCI-00439-00100607-00100782 including things like sudden infant
+cqDYGioUPCI-00440-00100783-00100950 death syndrome but a number of inherited
+cqDYGioUPCI-00441-00100951-00100999 cardiac
+cqDYGioUPCI-00442-00101000-00101447 diseases seizure disorders
+cqDYGioUPCI-00443-00101448-00101831 can lead to explained undersea
+cqDYGioUPCI-00444-00101832-00102047 sudden unexplained death and a molecular
+cqDYGioUPCI-00445-00102048-00102215 autopsy
+cqDYGioUPCI-00446-00102216-00102502 is proving to be a useful agent in the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00447-00102503-00102599 pathologist's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00448-00102600-00102918 toolkit
+cqDYGioUPCI-00449-00102919-00103151 so what are the implications of us being
+cqDYGioUPCI-00450-00103152-00103318 able to look at
+cqDYGioUPCI-00451-00103319-00103639 the entire genome well
+cqDYGioUPCI-00452-00103640-00103863 while wide-scale genetic testing has
+cqDYGioUPCI-00453-00103864-00104254 become routinely available
+cqDYGioUPCI-00454-00104255-00104566 it's no longer the remit of a specialist
+cqDYGioUPCI-00455-00104567-00104895 ordering a test it is now something that
+cqDYGioUPCI-00456-00104896-00105078 people can potentially get online and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00457-00105079-00105278 order themselves
+cqDYGioUPCI-00458-00105279-00105558 it's certainly something that a general
+cqDYGioUPCI-00459-00105559-00105751 practitioner
+cqDYGioUPCI-00460-00105752-00106151 is capable of ordering
+cqDYGioUPCI-00461-00106152-00106310 so because of that more people are
+cqDYGioUPCI-00462-00106311-00106766 having genetic testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00463-00106767-00106943 the implication of that is that we're
+cqDYGioUPCI-00464-00106944-00107110 finding things we're not necessarily
+cqDYGioUPCI-00465-00107111-00107334 looking for
+cqDYGioUPCI-00466-00107335-00107647 and so people like myself
+cqDYGioUPCI-00467-00107648-00107895 are not out of a job because we uncover
+cqDYGioUPCI-00468-00107896-00108054 this information
+cqDYGioUPCI-00469-00108055-00108247 all this information gets uncovered and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00470-00108248-00108415 it needs interpretation it needs to be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00471-00108416-00108519 related back to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00472-00108520-00108863 to the patient we as healthcare
+cqDYGioUPCI-00473-00108864-00109015 professionals need to be on the front
+cqDYGioUPCI-00474-00109016-00109423 foot in this brave new world it doesn't
+cqDYGioUPCI-00475-00109424-00109551 mean that we have to know
+cqDYGioUPCI-00476-00109552-00109799 how to interpret a genetic test result
+cqDYGioUPCI-00477-00109800-00109943 doesn't necessarily mean that we'll be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00478-00109944-00110102 ordering test results
+cqDYGioUPCI-00479-00110103-00110239 but we need to be aware what our
+cqDYGioUPCI-00480-00110240-00110375 patients are wanting and what they're
+cqDYGioUPCI-00481-00110376-00110486 expecting
+cqDYGioUPCI-00482-00110488-00110854 and how to deal with their requests
+cqDYGioUPCI-00483-00110855-00110983 the other thing is because of this
+cqDYGioUPCI-00484-00110983-00111151 direct to consumer market that's out
+cqDYGioUPCI-00485-00111152-00111263 there
+cqDYGioUPCI-00486-00111264-00111575 we need some ability to be able to judge
+cqDYGioUPCI-00487-00111576-00111910 what's a quality test and believe me not
+cqDYGioUPCI-00488-00111911-00112078 all those tests out there are quality
+cqDYGioUPCI-00489-00112079-00112158 tests
+cqDYGioUPCI-00490-00112159-00112366 and i'll talk more about this next next
+cqDYGioUPCI-00491-00112367-00112583 month
+cqDYGioUPCI-00492-00112583-00112751 and what results are medically
+cqDYGioUPCI-00493-00112752-00112958 actionable and so
+cqDYGioUPCI-00494-00112959-00113215 if a patient organizes their own tests
+cqDYGioUPCI-00495-00113216-00113319 and gets a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00496-00113320-00113534 result that tells them that they're
+cqDYGioUPCI-00497-00113535-00113719 predisposed to something
+cqDYGioUPCI-00498-00113720-00114031 that can cause some distress when it
+cqDYGioUPCI-00499-00114032-00114119 actually be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00500-00114120-00114423 may not necessarily be a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00501-00114424-00114758 major cause for distress and so as
+cqDYGioUPCI-00502-00114759-00115031 uh generalists you guys have a bit of a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00503-00115032-00115119 role
+cqDYGioUPCI-00504-00115120-00115319 in being able to separate the wheat from
+cqDYGioUPCI-00505-00115320-00115471 the chaff
+cqDYGioUPCI-00506-00115472-00115647 and we're having difficulties in doing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00507-00115648-00116190 so know how to refer on appropriately
+cqDYGioUPCI-00508-00116191-00116383 what are the applications of this new
+cqDYGioUPCI-00509-00116383-00116647 technology
+cqDYGioUPCI-00510-00116648-00116886 well the big one of course is diagnosis
+cqDYGioUPCI-00511-00116888-00117054 and treatment
+cqDYGioUPCI-00512-00117055-00117358 so rare diseases which
+cqDYGioUPCI-00513-00117359-00117566 were i guess the other word for rare
+cqDYGioUPCI-00514-00117567-00117751 diseases is orphan diseases
+cqDYGioUPCI-00515-00117752-00117990 conditions that we're pretty sure were
+cqDYGioUPCI-00516-00117991-00118127 genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00517-00118128-00118366 didn't know what the genetic cause was
+cqDYGioUPCI-00518-00118367-00118558 didn't know
+cqDYGioUPCI-00519-00118559-00118823 what potentially what other health
+cqDYGioUPCI-00520-00118824-00118990 complications could be associated with
+cqDYGioUPCI-00521-00118991-00119102 them
+cqDYGioUPCI-00522-00119103-00119423 are now becoming something that we
+cqDYGioUPCI-00523-00119424-00119734 are able to tell patients about we're
+cqDYGioUPCI-00524-00119735-00119854 able to diagnose them
+cqDYGioUPCI-00525-00119855-00120175 because we're able to look at the genes
+cqDYGioUPCI-00526-00120176-00120439 and we're able to make predictions of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00527-00120440-00120575 you know what that gene does and what
+cqDYGioUPCI-00528-00120576-00120631 other
+cqDYGioUPCI-00529-00120632-00121039 health conditions affected individual
+cqDYGioUPCI-00530-00121040-00121319 need to look needs to look out for we're
+cqDYGioUPCI-00531-00121320-00121383 also
+cqDYGioUPCI-00532-00121383-00121671 able to be in a better position to give
+cqDYGioUPCI-00533-00121672-00122063 recurrence risk advice
+cqDYGioUPCI-00534-00122064-00122358 genomics in the cancer world is going
+cqDYGioUPCI-00535-00122359-00122590 gangbusters
+cqDYGioUPCI-00536-00122591-00122871 so a lot of what we'll talk about
+cqDYGioUPCI-00537-00122872-00123039 tonight is what we call germline or
+cqDYGioUPCI-00538-00123040-00123163 inherited
+cqDYGioUPCI-00539-00123164-00123286 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-00540-00123288-00123623 genomic variants but in cancer
+cqDYGioUPCI-00541-00123624-00123839 those genomic variants are required or
+cqDYGioUPCI-00542-00123840-00124014 somatic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00543-00124015-00124454 and those genetic signatures of cancers
+cqDYGioUPCI-00544-00124455-00124766 predict things like prognosis they can
+cqDYGioUPCI-00545-00124767-00125078 predict things like therapy and genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00546-00125079-00125295 is allowing us to monitor cancers
+cqDYGioUPCI-00547-00125296-00125663 and personalize therapies
+cqDYGioUPCI-00548-00125664-00126083 to individuals and their particular
+cqDYGioUPCI-00549-00126083-00126223 cancers
+cqDYGioUPCI-00550-00126224-00126354 talking about precision medicine
+cqDYGioUPCI-00551-00126355-00126695 pharmacogenomics is another big field
+cqDYGioUPCI-00552-00126696-00126966 which has been around actually for quite
+cqDYGioUPCI-00553-00126967-00127207 a number of decades
+cqDYGioUPCI-00554-00127208-00127519 so for instance
+cqDYGioUPCI-00555-00127520-00127783 drugs such as methotrexate and warfarin
+cqDYGioUPCI-00556-00127783-00127847 um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00557-00127848-00128199 certainly um the metabolic pathways are
+cqDYGioUPCI-00558-00128200-00128319 well known and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00559-00128320-00128543 uh proteins in that pathway can have
+cqDYGioUPCI-00560-00128544-00128686 polymorphisms which
+cqDYGioUPCI-00561-00128688-00129039 means people metabolize drugs too well
+cqDYGioUPCI-00562-00129040-00129158 or not well enough
+cqDYGioUPCI-00563-00129159-00129502 and thus doses need to be adjusted and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00564-00129503-00129590 i'm sure
+cqDYGioUPCI-00565-00129591-00129886 all of you have fond memories of being a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00566-00129888-00130054 resident medical officer in the hospital
+cqDYGioUPCI-00567-00130055-00130175 having to go around
+cqDYGioUPCI-00568-00130176-00130489 and do inrs for warfarin monitoring
+cqDYGioUPCI-00569-00130490-00130614 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-00570-00130615-00130975 in your youth
+cqDYGioUPCI-00571-00130976-00131223 i was promised probably about 20 years
+cqDYGioUPCI-00572-00131224-00131414 ago that that would be replaced by
+cqDYGioUPCI-00573-00131415-00131614 an end of the bed gene sequences so we
+cqDYGioUPCI-00574-00131615-00131735 could just tell
+cqDYGioUPCI-00575-00131736-00132183 how likely someone's going to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00576-00132184-00132383 over metabolize their warfarin or if
+cqDYGioUPCI-00577-00132384-00132599 they're a slow metabolizer and we could
+cqDYGioUPCI-00578-00132600-00132743 predict the dose from that but
+cqDYGioUPCI-00579-00132744-00132935 unfortunately that's not come to come to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00580-00132936-00133175 pass
+cqDYGioUPCI-00581-00133176-00133399 but with this brand brave new world of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00582-00133400-00133527 genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00583-00133528-00133863 um pharmacogenomics is going to be um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00584-00133864-00134254 a big ticket item
+cqDYGioUPCI-00585-00134255-00134671 screening um as you will hear later
+cqDYGioUPCI-00586-00134672-00134839 is something that we're able to do much
+cqDYGioUPCI-00587-00134840-00135031 more effectively
+cqDYGioUPCI-00588-00135032-00135327 so we all carry hidden genetic errors
+cqDYGioUPCI-00589-00135328-00135502 and one of the ways children can
+cqDYGioUPCI-00590-00135503-00135863 have disease whilst parents are happy
+cqDYGioUPCI-00591-00135864-00136127 are happy and healthy is that we
+cqDYGioUPCI-00592-00136128-00136319 unknowingly pass on these hidden
+cqDYGioUPCI-00593-00136320-00136583 areas along with our partner to our
+cqDYGioUPCI-00594-00136584-00136743 children
+cqDYGioUPCI-00595-00136744-00137078 and so genomic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00596-00137079-00137327 evaluation allows to uncover these
+cqDYGioUPCI-00597-00137328-00137743 things that we're otherwise blind to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00598-00137744-00137919 once we've found them other family
+cqDYGioUPCI-00599-00137920-00138143 members who are likely to carry the same
+cqDYGioUPCI-00600-00138144-00138319 variants
+cqDYGioUPCI-00601-00138320-00138751 can be tested and they can undergo
+cqDYGioUPCI-00602-00138752-00138943 reproductive counselling so it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00603-00138944-00139231 enabling a whole heap of people
+cqDYGioUPCI-00604-00139232-00139583 a promise of a better new world
+cqDYGioUPCI-00605-00139584-00139895 in genetic health but is genomic testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00606-00139896-00140327 the promised panacea
+cqDYGioUPCI-00607-00140328-00140623 well there are many advantages don't get
+cqDYGioUPCI-00608-00140624-00140823 me wrong
+cqDYGioUPCI-00609-00140824-00141183 the diagnostic odyssey is a term
+cqDYGioUPCI-00610-00141184-00141463 which people frequently use to explain
+cqDYGioUPCI-00611-00141464-00141663 the journey to describe the journey that
+cqDYGioUPCI-00612-00141664-00141983 families go on on average five years at
+cqDYGioUPCI-00613-00141984-00142063 a time
+cqDYGioUPCI-00614-00142064-00142366 looking for a diagnosis and that's been
+cqDYGioUPCI-00615-00142367-00142711 cut right back
+cqDYGioUPCI-00616-00142712-00143071 a person with a genetic disorder
+cqDYGioUPCI-00617-00143072-00143407 may have many tests whilst that
+cqDYGioUPCI-00618-00143408-00143607 genetic disorder is being uncovered and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00619-00143608-00143926 it's not just genetic tests
+cqDYGioUPCI-00620-00143927-00144078 we need to phenotype a person to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00621-00144079-00144254 understand what the disease is doing to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00622-00144255-00144343 them and that can
+cqDYGioUPCI-00623-00144344-00144726 involve things like eegs and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00624-00144727-00144966 mris and muscle biopsies and liver
+cqDYGioUPCI-00625-00144967-00145111 biopsies
+cqDYGioUPCI-00626-00145112-00145295 to get as much data as we can to look
+cqDYGioUPCI-00627-00145296-00145463 for clues as to what the underlying
+cqDYGioUPCI-00628-00145464-00145711 condition might be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00629-00145712-00146007 all that can be completely circumvented
+cqDYGioUPCI-00630-00146008-00146223 in the genomic era
+cqDYGioUPCI-00631-00146224-00146454 and we go straight to the genetic cause
+cqDYGioUPCI-00632-00146455-00146631 rather than
+cqDYGioUPCI-00633-00146632-00146743 spending a lot of money on these
+cqDYGioUPCI-00634-00146744-00146999 ancillary investigations to try and work
+cqDYGioUPCI-00635-00147000-00147126 out
+cqDYGioUPCI-00636-00147127-00147702 which gene to test
+cqDYGioUPCI-00637-00147703-00148039 looking at all the genes has enabled us
+cqDYGioUPCI-00638-00148040-00148214 as i said to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00639-00148215-00148366 find carriers and facilitate
+cqDYGioUPCI-00640-00148367-00148735 reproductive choices for couples
+cqDYGioUPCI-00641-00148736-00148966 we can change management especially in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00642-00148967-00149047 the cancer
+cqDYGioUPCI-00643-00149048-00149502 sphere but also many other drugs
+cqDYGioUPCI-00644-00149503-00149823 which you know are all under the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00645-00149824-00150078 influence of our metabolism
+cqDYGioUPCI-00646-00150079-00150180 can be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00647-00150181-00150551 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-00648-00150552-00150735 which under under the influence of our
+cqDYGioUPCI-00649-00150736-00150966 metabolism
+cqDYGioUPCI-00650-00150967-00151159 can be dose specific to a patient
+cqDYGioUPCI-00651-00151160-00151295 depending on how
+cqDYGioUPCI-00652-00151296-00151631 they metabolize
+cqDYGioUPCI-00653-00151632-00151814 finding this information is not just of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00654-00151815-00152087 a benefit to the individual themselves
+cqDYGioUPCI-00655-00152088-00152278 but allows testing for other family
+cqDYGioUPCI-00656-00152279-00152519 members
+cqDYGioUPCI-00657-00152520-00152719 and the last point is i guess one that's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00658-00152720-00152911 called personal family utility
+cqDYGioUPCI-00659-00152912-00153263 which is one i um used to underestimate
+cqDYGioUPCI-00660-00153264-00153454 and people with the disease even if it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00661-00153455-00153599 something that you can't test
+cqDYGioUPCI-00662-00153600-00153751 it can't treat rather because it's in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00663-00153752-00153983 your genes
+cqDYGioUPCI-00664-00153984-00154295 even if it's something that doesn't
+cqDYGioUPCI-00665-00154296-00154687 really alter their lifespan
+cqDYGioUPCI-00666-00154688-00154871 people just like to know people like to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00667-00154872-00155007 have an answer
+cqDYGioUPCI-00668-00155008-00155183 and so that satisfaction of actually
+cqDYGioUPCI-00669-00155184-00155407 knowing why a person has a disease or
+cqDYGioUPCI-00670-00155408-00155623 giving a name to it that's mentally
+cqDYGioUPCI-00671-00155624-00155823 powerful
+cqDYGioUPCI-00672-00155824-00156159 but genomics is not without negatives
+cqDYGioUPCI-00673-00156160-00156559 so financial burdening is something
+cqDYGioUPCI-00674-00156560-00156911 that has uh becoming less of an issue
+cqDYGioUPCI-00675-00156912-00157223 but many tests are still not
+cqDYGioUPCI-00676-00157224-00157431 covered by our public health funding
+cqDYGioUPCI-00677-00157432-00157559 models
+cqDYGioUPCI-00678-00157560-00157878 or the public health funding models pick
+cqDYGioUPCI-00679-00157879-00158023 and choose i guess
+cqDYGioUPCI-00680-00158024-00158383 what they will they will
+cqDYGioUPCI-00681-00158384-00158647 test and that's not what um that's not
+cqDYGioUPCI-00682-00158648-00158790 unreasonable given that we don't have an
+cqDYGioUPCI-00683-00158791-00158975 unlimited pot of money
+cqDYGioUPCI-00684-00158976-00159335 um but in terms of equity sometimes
+cqDYGioUPCI-00685-00159336-00159551 patients are left out of pocket and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00686-00159552-00159695 sometimes left in our pocket a great
+cqDYGioUPCI-00687-00159696-00159878 deal
+cqDYGioUPCI-00688-00159879-00160095 testing may not provide a specific
+cqDYGioUPCI-00689-00160096-00160199 genetic answer
+cqDYGioUPCI-00690-00160200-00160414 so people undertake this testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00691-00160415-00160614 thinking it will be the the all and end
+cqDYGioUPCI-00692-00160615-00160735 all
+cqDYGioUPCI-00693-00160736-00160887 and it might come back as a normal test
+cqDYGioUPCI-00694-00160888-00161111 result can't find anything
+cqDYGioUPCI-00695-00161112-00161254 well the other thing is it may not
+cqDYGioUPCI-00696-00161255-00161447 provide accurate information about the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00697-00161448-00161519 risk
+cqDYGioUPCI-00698-00161520-00161678 there may be uncertainty as to what a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00699-00161679-00161847 very might mean
+cqDYGioUPCI-00700-00161848-00161990 and people are still scratching their
+cqDYGioUPCI-00701-00161991-00162254 heads
+cqDYGioUPCI-00702-00162255-00162399 depending on how you look at the genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00703-00162400-00162639 information you can reveal unexpected
+cqDYGioUPCI-00704-00162640-00162814 information
+cqDYGioUPCI-00705-00162815-00162966 and that can be what we call secondary
+cqDYGioUPCI-00706-00162967-00163175 findings seeing that people are
+cqDYGioUPCI-00707-00163176-00163351 predisposed to diseases that we weren't
+cqDYGioUPCI-00708-00163352-00163654 necessarily thinking about
+cqDYGioUPCI-00709-00163655-00164063 that they could be carriers for disease
+cqDYGioUPCI-00710-00164064-00164463 depending on types of tests you do
+cqDYGioUPCI-00711-00164464-00164799 some of our tests can uncover
+cqDYGioUPCI-00712-00164800-00165087 unexpected non-paternity so all these
+cqDYGioUPCI-00713-00165088-00165326 things need to be considered in advanced
+cqDYGioUPCI-00714-00165327-00165647 and certainly discuss with patients
+cqDYGioUPCI-00715-00165648-00165887 when they're having a test before having
+cqDYGioUPCI-00716-00165888-00165951 a test and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00717-00165952-00166311 they're consented to having a test
+cqDYGioUPCI-00718-00166312-00166863 there is a an effect on insurance
+cqDYGioUPCI-00719-00166864-00167102 the it's not health insurance that's in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00720-00167103-00167166 australia
+cqDYGioUPCI-00721-00167167-00167526 health insurance is unbiased and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00722-00167527-00167807 and this will not influence your
+cqDYGioUPCI-00723-00167808-00168054 capacity to have health insurance
+cqDYGioUPCI-00724-00168055-00168223 but certainly things that you protect
+cqDYGioUPCI-00725-00168224-00168359 your money so income protection
+cqDYGioUPCI-00726-00168360-00168559 insurance and life insurance
+cqDYGioUPCI-00727-00168560-00168911 um there was or is this concept of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00728-00168912-00169078 genetic discrimination
+cqDYGioUPCI-00729-00169079-00169302 where insurance and companies do ask you
+cqDYGioUPCI-00730-00169303-00169407 and if you've been
+cqDYGioUPCI-00731-00169408-00169566 applied for insurance recently you will
+cqDYGioUPCI-00732-00169567-00169687 have seen this have you ever had a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00733-00169688-00169838 genetic test result
+cqDYGioUPCI-00734-00169839-00170190 and will decline to insure you or
+cqDYGioUPCI-00735-00170191-00170359 up your premiums depending on what the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00736-00170360-00170502 answer to that is and what the result
+cqDYGioUPCI-00737-00170503-00170607 was
+cqDYGioUPCI-00738-00170608-00170823 um at the moment there is a moratorium
+cqDYGioUPCI-00739-00170824-00170959 in that
+cqDYGioUPCI-00740-00170960-00171263 in australia until i think it's about
+cqDYGioUPCI-00741-00171264-00171478 2024
+cqDYGioUPCI-00742-00171479-00171766 and so the insurance industry realizes
+cqDYGioUPCI-00743-00171767-00171902 that it is a bit discriminatory and a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00744-00171903-00172014 bit of a problem
+cqDYGioUPCI-00745-00172015-00172319 and so they've agreed to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00746-00172320-00172495 stop that practice and look at how it
+cqDYGioUPCI-00747-00172496-00172711 affects i guess their bottom line
+cqDYGioUPCI-00748-00172712-00173063 at the end of the day and having a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00749-00173064-00173271 genetic test result finally can have
+cqDYGioUPCI-00750-00173272-00173487 negative
+cqDYGioUPCI-00751-00173488-00173647 implications for your relationships with
+cqDYGioUPCI-00752-00173648-00173799 other family members
+cqDYGioUPCI-00753-00173800-00174038 so there's this concept of genetic guilt
+cqDYGioUPCI-00754-00174039-00174159 and people do get
+cqDYGioUPCI-00755-00174160-00174447 guilty of you know passing on gene
+cqDYGioUPCI-00756-00174448-00174590 genetic disorders to their
+cqDYGioUPCI-00757-00174591-00174887 to their offspring it's funny how the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00758-00174888-00174990 brain works
+cqDYGioUPCI-00759-00174991-00175231 some people get angry if they find their
+cqDYGioUPCI-00760-00175232-00175390 sister has a genetic disorder even
+cqDYGioUPCI-00761-00175391-00175495 though it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00762-00175496-00175726 um it's not persistent she has a genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00763-00175727-00175799 disorder
+cqDYGioUPCI-00764-00175800-00175990 and that they in turn are at risk of the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00765-00175991-00176263 same um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00766-00176264-00176654 condition one of the big
+cqDYGioUPCI-00767-00176655-00176999 issues that we are slowly getting our
+cqDYGioUPCI-00768-00177000-00177183 heads around
+cqDYGioUPCI-00769-00177184-00177526 in terms of the drawbacks of genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00770-00177527-00177614 testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00771-00177615-00177895 is this concept of results of uncertain
+cqDYGioUPCI-00772-00177896-00178095 significance
+cqDYGioUPCI-00773-00178096-00178231 so it's all very well and good that we
+cqDYGioUPCI-00774-00178232-00178519 can sequence the whole genome
+cqDYGioUPCI-00775-00178520-00178831 but not everything we find
+cqDYGioUPCI-00776-00178832-00179143 is necessarily interpretable and so
+cqDYGioUPCI-00777-00179144-00179359 there's a common
+cqDYGioUPCI-00778-00179360-00179590 grading system that's used when
+cqDYGioUPCI-00779-00179591-00179935 reporting genetic test results
+cqDYGioUPCI-00780-00179936-00180166 so normal results exactly that nothing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00781-00180167-00180326 abnormal found
+cqDYGioUPCI-00782-00180327-00180702 a pathogenic result
+cqDYGioUPCI-00783-00180703-00180878 means exactly that that this variant
+cqDYGioUPCI-00784-00180879-00181143 that's found is causing disease
+cqDYGioUPCI-00785-00181144-00181343 and then you'll see in the middle
+cqDYGioUPCI-00786-00181344-00181647 there's varying degrees of uncertainty
+cqDYGioUPCI-00787-00181648-00181935 so there are likely benign variants so
+cqDYGioUPCI-00788-00181936-00182087 that's to say based on
+cqDYGioUPCI-00789-00182088-00182614 all the evidence we believe this variant
+cqDYGioUPCI-00790-00182615-00182919 is not causing disease and you need to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00791-00182920-00183190 keep looking or likely pathogenic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00792-00183191-00183383 based on the evidence this is probably
+cqDYGioUPCI-00793-00183384-00183551 causing the disease
+cqDYGioUPCI-00794-00183552-00183726 and in between those you have a variant
+cqDYGioUPCI-00795-00183727-00183863 of uncertain significance where it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00796-00183864-00184087 basically shrugging your shoulders and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00797-00184088-00184278 saying i actually don't know what this
+cqDYGioUPCI-00798-00184279-00184423 means which
+cqDYGioUPCI-00799-00184424-00184583 in itself can be a bit distressing for
+cqDYGioUPCI-00800-00184584-00184799 people because they don't have an
+cqDYGioUPCI-00801-00184800-00185031 answer and now they've got this
+cqDYGioUPCI-00802-00185032-00185159 uncertain variant that we don't know
+cqDYGioUPCI-00803-00185160-00185399 what it means
+cqDYGioUPCI-00804-00185400-00185551 when trying to work out whether a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00805-00185552-00185775 variant is pathogenic or not
+cqDYGioUPCI-00806-00185776-00185959 a variety of sources of information are
+cqDYGioUPCI-00807-00185960-00186119 used
+cqDYGioUPCI-00808-00186120-00186454 and this is something that
+cqDYGioUPCI-00809-00186455-00186711 um depending on the test undertaken and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00810-00186712-00186887 in which lab it's taken
+cqDYGioUPCI-00811-00186888-00187166 uh undergo uh the result undergoes quite
+cqDYGioUPCI-00812-00187167-00187311 a bit of rigor
+cqDYGioUPCI-00813-00187312-00187526 and databases are interrogated to try
+cqDYGioUPCI-00814-00187527-00187631 and ascribe
+cqDYGioUPCI-00815-00187632-00187854 a little pathogenicity to it to a
+cqDYGioUPCI-00816-00187855-00188023 variant
+cqDYGioUPCI-00817-00188024-00188326 so we've often started looking at the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00818-00188327-00188478 family that's in front of us
+cqDYGioUPCI-00819-00188479-00188743 so we've got more than one person in the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00820-00188744-00188959 um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00821-00188960-00189183 in the in the family who's got the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00822-00189184-00189278 disease
+cqDYGioUPCI-00823-00189279-00189599 then does that pathogenic variant run
+cqDYGioUPCI-00824-00189600-00189838 with everyone in the family who's got
+cqDYGioUPCI-00825-00189839-00190071 the disease
+cqDYGioUPCI-00826-00190072-00190214 alternatively if it looks like it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00827-00190215-00190407 something that's recessively inherited
+cqDYGioUPCI-00828-00190408-00190671 what we'd be looking for is two
+cqDYGioUPCI-00829-00190672-00190823 pathogenic variants
+cqDYGioUPCI-00830-00190824-00191063 in the one gene in the affected person
+cqDYGioUPCI-00831-00191064-00191207 and each of the parents
+cqDYGioUPCI-00832-00191208-00191583 to be carriers or silent carriers of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00833-00191584-00191623 that
+cqDYGioUPCI-00834-00191624-00192014 of those variants has it been reported
+cqDYGioUPCI-00835-00192015-00192183 in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00836-00192184-00192359 in relation to the disease of interest
+cqDYGioUPCI-00837-00192360-00192614 before and certainly there are
+cqDYGioUPCI-00838-00192615-00192895 big repositories now which are freely
+cqDYGioUPCI-00839-00192896-00193047 available online
+cqDYGioUPCI-00840-00193048-00193302 in which people contribute data from
+cqDYGioUPCI-00841-00193303-00193431 around the world
+cqDYGioUPCI-00842-00193432-00193590 saying i've got this condition with
+cqDYGioUPCI-00843-00193591-00193823 disease x and we found
+cqDYGioUPCI-00844-00193824-00194135 um mutation y or variant y
+cqDYGioUPCI-00845-00194136-00194478 in this gene and we think it's the cause
+cqDYGioUPCI-00846-00194479-00194623 and that doesn't say it doesn't say it
+cqDYGioUPCI-00847-00194624-00194878 is the cause um it could be that
+cqDYGioUPCI-00848-00194879-00195135 it's a a variant that doesn't actually
+cqDYGioUPCI-00849-00195136-00195271 have an effect on
+cqDYGioUPCI-00850-00195272-00195519 the gene or the or the encoded protein
+cqDYGioUPCI-00851-00195520-00195654 but it is an extra level of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00852-00195655-00195983 evidence if more people
+cqDYGioUPCI-00853-00195984-00196126 if a number of people have reported the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00854-00196127-00196335 same thing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00855-00196336-00196478 what we really want to do is start
+cqDYGioUPCI-00856-00196479-00196750 looking at big studies
+cqDYGioUPCI-00857-00196751-00197102 so functional effects of a mutation
+cqDYGioUPCI-00858-00197103-00197414 so these studies
+cqDYGioUPCI-00859-00197415-00197878 that are undertaken in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00860-00197879-00198175 research laboratories which really
+cqDYGioUPCI-00861-00198176-00198326 characterize the mutation
+cqDYGioUPCI-00862-00198327-00198566 and how it affects the dna does it stop
+cqDYGioUPCI-00863-00198567-00198726 that dna from doing its job
+cqDYGioUPCI-00864-00198727-00199037 does it make the dna um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00865-00199038-00199166 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-00866-00199167-00199526 encode a protein which is
+cqDYGioUPCI-00867-00199527-00199702 predicted to act differently to what we
+cqDYGioUPCI-00868-00199703-00199838 want it to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00869-00199839-00200159 and these can be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00870-00200160-00200599 ascertained through quite
+cqDYGioUPCI-00871-00200600-00201031 elegant experiments using
+cqDYGioUPCI-00872-00201032-00201263 bioinformatics computational modelling
+cqDYGioUPCI-00873-00201264-00201390 and the good old
+cqDYGioUPCI-00874-00201391-00201887 animal models and mouse models
+cqDYGioUPCI-00875-00201888-00202031 the other big thing we've got at our
+cqDYGioUPCI-00876-00202032-00202399 disposal are population databases
+cqDYGioUPCI-00877-00202400-00202678 so one of the big projects for example
+cqDYGioUPCI-00878-00202679-00202799 in the uk
+cqDYGioUPCI-00879-00202800-00202940 was to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00880-00202941-00203119 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-00881-00203120-00203295 uh sequence a whole heap of normal
+cqDYGioUPCI-00882-00203296-00203487 people in the population
+cqDYGioUPCI-00883-00203488-00203879 and see what the average or the normal
+cqDYGioUPCI-00884-00203880-00204031 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-00885-00204032-00204390 genome looked like and from that
+cqDYGioUPCI-00886-00204391-00204726 you get an idea of what's a normal
+cqDYGioUPCI-00887-00204727-00204879 variant
+cqDYGioUPCI-00888-00204880-00205166 and what's or a polymorphism and what's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00889-00205167-00205327 a pathogenic variant
+cqDYGioUPCI-00890-00205328-00205537 and depending on which
+cqDYGioUPCI-00891-00205538-00205734 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-00892-00205735-00206046 definition you'd like to use essentially
+cqDYGioUPCI-00893-00206048-00206294 anything under one percent
+cqDYGioUPCI-00894-00206296-00206606 that's not in the normal population
+cqDYGioUPCI-00895-00206607-00206927 or is absent from the population can be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00896-00206928-00207071 considered
+cqDYGioUPCI-00897-00207071-00207406 suspicious you might say then we look at
+cqDYGioUPCI-00898-00207407-00207462 other
+cqDYGioUPCI-00899-00207463-00207710 pieces of clues such as evolutionary
+cqDYGioUPCI-00900-00207711-00207823 conservation
+cqDYGioUPCI-00901-00207823-00208255 so this is um looking at
+cqDYGioUPCI-00902-00208256-00208519 lower order species and see how well the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00903-00208519-00208686 gene is conserved
+cqDYGioUPCI-00904-00208687-00209023 through the evolutionary chain and if
+cqDYGioUPCI-00905-00209023-00209223 something is well conserved if
+cqDYGioUPCI-00906-00209223-00209534 there are no mutations in the normal
+cqDYGioUPCI-00907-00209535-00209727 gene through a number of species
+cqDYGioUPCI-00908-00209728-00209927 then we can predict that a disruption to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00909-00209928-00210151 that gene
+cqDYGioUPCI-00910-00210152-00210463 is likely to be deleterious and so these
+cqDYGioUPCI-00911-00210464-00210606 are all sources of information that are
+cqDYGioUPCI-00912-00210607-00210679 used
+cqDYGioUPCI-00913-00210680-00210855 to try and describe some sort of level
+cqDYGioUPCI-00914-00210856-00210991 of pathogenicity
+cqDYGioUPCI-00915-00210992-00211482 to a variant
+cqDYGioUPCI-00916-00211483-00211782 now i don't want this all to be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00917-00211783-00211906 about um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00918-00211907-00212142 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-00919-00212144-00212342 i guess basic science i don't want to be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00920-00212344-00212479 boring you in your evening
+cqDYGioUPCI-00921-00212480-00212663 talking about meiosis and mitosis and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00922-00212664-00212737 segregation
+cqDYGioUPCI-00923-00212738-00212879 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-00924-00212880-00213198 what i want to do is to
+cqDYGioUPCI-00925-00213200-00213398 work with queensland genomics to empower
+cqDYGioUPCI-00926-00213400-00213542 you
+cqDYGioUPCI-00927-00213544-00213998 to help you to help your patients
+cqDYGioUPCI-00928-00214000-00214303 by using genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-00929-00214304-00214703 now this three-part webinar series
+cqDYGioUPCI-00930-00214704-00215039 is the mode by which we're going to be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00931-00215040-00215167 doing that
+cqDYGioUPCI-00932-00215167-00215406 but in order to know what issues you
+cqDYGioUPCI-00933-00215407-00215534 guys are having
+cqDYGioUPCI-00934-00215535-00215903 to know what problems you've encountered
+cqDYGioUPCI-00935-00215904-00216246 to know what clinical issues
+cqDYGioUPCI-00936-00216248-00216510 that pop up in your practice then i
+cqDYGioUPCI-00937-00216511-00216639 encourage all of you
+cqDYGioUPCI-00938-00216640-00217231 to submit questions through slido
+cqDYGioUPCI-00939-00217232-00217439 you can pop them in now if you like as
+cqDYGioUPCI-00940-00217440-00217671 as we go through
+cqDYGioUPCI-00941-00217671-00217927 and i'll keep an eye on the the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00942-00217928-00218039 questions here
+cqDYGioUPCI-00943-00218040-00218294 to my left and answer them as we go
+cqDYGioUPCI-00944-00218296-00218382 along
+cqDYGioUPCI-00945-00218383-00218567 alternatively we can wait to the end and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00946-00218567-00218703 go through questions
+cqDYGioUPCI-00947-00218704-00218871 but the other thing is that because this
+cqDYGioUPCI-00948-00218871-00219015 is a series
+cqDYGioUPCI-00949-00219016-00219279 you're welcome to submit questions
+cqDYGioUPCI-00950-00219280-00219406 through that same
+cqDYGioUPCI-00951-00219407-00219758 url link and questions
+cqDYGioUPCI-00952-00219759-00220079 will be followed up and we can degrade
+cqDYGioUPCI-00953-00220080-00220142 any
+cqDYGioUPCI-00954-00220144-00220415 recurring themes we can address in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00955-00220416-00220479 future
+cqDYGioUPCI-00956-00220480-00220863 uh webinars as well so please don't
+cqDYGioUPCI-00957-00220864-00221215 be a passive listener i think especially
+cqDYGioUPCI-00958-00221216-00221534 with this webinar um format i don't know
+cqDYGioUPCI-00959-00221535-00221671 about you guys but i
+cqDYGioUPCI-00960-00221671-00221839 find it's you know quite convenient i
+cqDYGioUPCI-00961-00221840-00222015 can attend a cpd
+cqDYGioUPCI-00962-00222016-00222182 session sitting at home in my lounge
+cqDYGioUPCI-00963-00222183-00222342 room um
+cqDYGioUPCI-00964-00222344-00222694 but there is always the
+cqDYGioUPCI-00965-00222696-00222879 chance that i'll zone out and start
+cqDYGioUPCI-00966-00222880-00223039 checking emails instead
+cqDYGioUPCI-00967-00223040-00223406 so please do be an active listener and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00968-00223407-00223719 um and ask questions on slido
+cqDYGioUPCI-00969-00223719-00224103 and and we that helps me keep this talk
+cqDYGioUPCI-00970-00224104-00224463 um you know as pertinent to you and your
+cqDYGioUPCI-00971-00224464-00224631 needs
+cqDYGioUPCI-00972-00224632-00224823 and just a reminder there's the link and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00973-00224823-00225006 you'll have got a copy of that link in
+cqDYGioUPCI-00974-00225007-00225367 the confirmation email for this webinar
+cqDYGioUPCI-00975-00225367-00225671 so now on to the meat of our talk
+cqDYGioUPCI-00976-00225671-00225903 prenatal and pediatric genomics and
+cqDYGioUPCI-00977-00225904-00226151 we'll start at the beginning
+cqDYGioUPCI-00978-00226152-00226503 preconception genetic testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00979-00226504-00226734 so the idea behind preconception genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-00980-00226735-00226863 testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-00981-00226864-00227303 is jumping in before people have kids
+cqDYGioUPCI-00982-00227304-00227655 and basically it's designed to detect
+cqDYGioUPCI-00983-00227656-00227982 recessive carriers or carriers of
+cqDYGioUPCI-00984-00227983-00228191 recessive conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-00985-00228192-00228487 so as you know with a dominant condition
+cqDYGioUPCI-00986-00228488-00228534 then
+cqDYGioUPCI-00987-00228535-00228751 an affected individual is likely to be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00988-00228752-00228879 manifesting and they already know
+cqDYGioUPCI-00989-00228880-00229119 they've got a genetic condition
+cqDYGioUPCI-00990-00229119-00229327 but recessive conditions and when it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-00991-00229328-00229455 estimated we all
+cqDYGioUPCI-00992-00229456-00229767 carry five or six of these recessive
+cqDYGioUPCI-00993-00229767-00230110 deleterious variants are out there
+cqDYGioUPCI-00994-00230111-00230398 in our genome and the reason they're
+cqDYGioUPCI-00995-00230400-00230463 rare
+cqDYGioUPCI-00996-00230464-00230751 is because unless you're related to your
+cqDYGioUPCI-00997-00230752-00230831 partner
+cqDYGioUPCI-00998-00230832-00230942 it's very unlikely they're going to be
+cqDYGioUPCI-00999-00230944-00231246 carrying the same five or six variants
+cqDYGioUPCI-01000-00231248-00231406 but if you just happen to meet up with
+cqDYGioUPCI-01001-00231407-00231615 someone with the same variance
+cqDYGioUPCI-01002-00231616-00231782 and if you just happen to pass on those
+cqDYGioUPCI-01003-00231783-00231998 same variants to your offspring
+cqDYGioUPCI-01004-00232000-00232134 then they don't inherit any normal
+cqDYGioUPCI-01005-00232135-00232375 copies of that disorder of that gene
+cqDYGioUPCI-01006-00232376-00232606 and they develop the disorder and that's
+cqDYGioUPCI-01007-00232607-00232758 as you well know is called autosomal
+cqDYGioUPCI-01008-00232759-00232831 recessive
+cqDYGioUPCI-01009-00232832-00233175 conditions and autosomal recessive
+cqDYGioUPCI-01010-00233176-00233358 inheritance is so called because
+cqDYGioUPCI-01011-00233359-00233575 in the carrier status that gene error or
+cqDYGioUPCI-01012-00233576-00233694 that mutation
+cqDYGioUPCI-01013-00233696-00234087 received behind the normal copy
+cqDYGioUPCI-01014-00234088-00234279 but let's not forget x-linked recessive
+cqDYGioUPCI-01015-00234280-00234455 conditions as well
+cqDYGioUPCI-01016-00234456-00234767 so again as the name implies these are
+cqDYGioUPCI-01017-00234767-00235071 recessive conditions but they
+cqDYGioUPCI-01018-00235071-00235263 the gene of interest and mutation of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01019-00235264-00235527 interest is in the x chromosome
+cqDYGioUPCI-01020-00235528-00235727 and they are hidden in females and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01021-00235728-00235846 passed down through
+cqDYGioUPCI-01022-00235848-00236046 the female lineage in a hidden form
+cqDYGioUPCI-01023-00236048-00236182 because females have two x
+cqDYGioUPCI-01024-00236183-00236503 chromosomes and so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01025-00236504-00236663 they're protected by their second normal
+cqDYGioUPCI-01026-00236664-00236823 copy but should
+cqDYGioUPCI-01027-00236823-00237103 a female pass on that error to their to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01028-00237104-00237206 their son
+cqDYGioUPCI-01029-00237207-00237406 he doesn't inherit x chromosome in his
+cqDYGioUPCI-01030-00237407-00237542 daddy carries a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01031-00237544-00237823 inherits a y chromosome and so that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01032-00237823-00237998 child will manifest the disease
+cqDYGioUPCI-01033-00238000-00238246 and so a number of x-linked recessive
+cqDYGioUPCI-01034-00238248-00238391 conditions can also
+cqDYGioUPCI-01035-00238392-00238655 be tested can be tested for but through
+cqDYGioUPCI-01036-00238656-00239158 screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01037-00239159-00239487 so how do we start this whole
+cqDYGioUPCI-01038-00239488-00239887 preconception screening well
+cqDYGioUPCI-01039-00239888-00240063 your very own manual that says that all
+cqDYGioUPCI-01040-00240064-00240271 women or couples planning a pregnancy
+cqDYGioUPCI-01041-00240271-00240471 already pregnant should have a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01042-00240471-00240719 comprehensive family history recorded
+cqDYGioUPCI-01043-00240719-00241055 and so family history is actually the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01044-00241056-00241415 first tool we have in screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01045-00241416-00241694 and it's a it's a very useful simple but
+cqDYGioUPCI-01046-00241696-00241823 useful tool
+cqDYGioUPCI-01047-00241823-00242103 um it's certainly not infallible but
+cqDYGioUPCI-01048-00242104-00242279 it's something that i encourage you
+cqDYGioUPCI-01049-00242280-00242615 to engage with with all your couples who
+cqDYGioUPCI-01050-00242616-00242646 are
+cqDYGioUPCI-01051-00242648-00242910 you come to talk about pregnancy or
+cqDYGioUPCI-01052-00242911-00243255 present early in a pregnancy
+cqDYGioUPCI-01053-00243256-00243591 anyone who's vowed to have
+cqDYGioUPCI-01054-00243592-00243934 a heritable condition in the family or
+cqDYGioUPCI-01055-00243935-00244230 who are known to be carriers of a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01056-00244231-00244334 condition
+cqDYGioUPCI-01057-00244335-00244591 then should be made aware that carrier
+cqDYGioUPCI-01058-00244592-00244806 testing is available
+cqDYGioUPCI-01059-00244807-00244951 and are highly recommended that they
+cqDYGioUPCI-01060-00244952-00245239 refer to a specialist service
+cqDYGioUPCI-01061-00245240-00245415 now it's interesting comment here that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01062-00245416-00245591 carrier screening for common recessive
+cqDYGioUPCI-01063-00245592-00245679 conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-01064-00245680-00245975 and by that they mean cystic fibrosis
+cqDYGioUPCI-01065-00245976-00246071 but the other two
+cqDYGioUPCI-01066-00246071-00246327 that are considered common uh spinal
+cqDYGioUPCI-01067-00246328-00246579 muscular atrophy and fragile x
+cqDYGioUPCI-01068-00246580-00246703 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-01069-00246704-00246991 should should carry testing for these
+cqDYGioUPCI-01070-00246992-00247094 conditions should be
+cqDYGioUPCI-01071-00247096-00247398 offered to all couples so not though
+cqDYGioUPCI-01072-00247400-00247687 not just those at high risk but all
+cqDYGioUPCI-01073-00247688-00247742 those
+cqDYGioUPCI-01074-00247744-00247934 population risks and i don't think
+cqDYGioUPCI-01075-00247935-00248271 that's something that we
+cqDYGioUPCI-01076-00248271-00248551 do or do well and probably the main
+cqDYGioUPCI-01077-00248552-00248655 reason is because
+cqDYGioUPCI-01078-00248656-00248967 these tests aren't um medicare
+cqDYGioUPCI-01079-00248967-00249151 rebateable and so it hasn't really been
+cqDYGioUPCI-01080-00249152-00249398 ingrained in our
+cqDYGioUPCI-01081-00249400-00249855 routine practice
+cqDYGioUPCI-01082-00249856-00250151 so i do laugh a bit when it says that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01083-00250152-00250310 all couples planning a pregnancy should
+cqDYGioUPCI-01084-00250311-00250375 have a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01085-00250376-00250630 comprehensive family tree taken and if
+cqDYGioUPCI-01086-00250631-00250734 you look at what a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01087-00250735-00251127 comprehensive family tree is um it's big
+cqDYGioUPCI-01088-00251128-00251406 now in this age of electronic medical
+cqDYGioUPCI-01089-00251407-00251487 records
+cqDYGioUPCI-01090-00251488-00251703 i'd be flattered out during that um i'd
+cqDYGioUPCI-01091-00251704-00251863 have to probably draw on a piece of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01092-00251864-00251958 paper
+cqDYGioUPCI-01093-00251959-00252198 and then scan it although in a clinical
+cqDYGioUPCI-01094-00252200-00252263 genetics
+cqDYGioUPCI-01095-00252264-00252446 setting we have specialized software
+cqDYGioUPCI-01096-00252448-00252623 that helps us but even that there's no
+cqDYGioUPCI-01097-00252623-00252782 way you're going to be able to do that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01098-00252783-00253006 in a 15 minute consultation and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01099-00253007-00253110 everything else you have to do
+cqDYGioUPCI-01100-00253111-00253439 in that same consultation so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01101-00253440-00253630 whilst i'd be impressed if you could if
+cqDYGioUPCI-01102-00253631-00253815 you could come to me with a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01103-00253816-00254151 family tree um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01104-00254152-00254558 that that detailed
+cqDYGioUPCI-01105-00254559-00254694 what you should be concentrating on is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01106-00254696-00254894 what's the bare minimum and the bare
+cqDYGioUPCI-01107-00254896-00254998 minimum is basically
+cqDYGioUPCI-01108-00255000-00255598 a three generational tree so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01109-00255600-00255830 this um is something that only really
+cqDYGioUPCI-01110-00255831-00256015 comes with practice
+cqDYGioUPCI-01111-00256016-00256319 so the first time you take a family
+cqDYGioUPCI-01112-00256319-00256791 history it can be a bit cumbersome
+cqDYGioUPCI-01113-00256792-00257079 and like anything in in life or anything
+cqDYGioUPCI-01114-00257080-00257334 in medicine you learn from your mistakes
+cqDYGioUPCI-01115-00257335-00257663 and so probably the biggest error people
+cqDYGioUPCI-01116-00257664-00257758 make
+cqDYGioUPCI-01117-00257759-00257982 is drawing a couple then drawing out all
+cqDYGioUPCI-01118-00257983-00258087 their children
+cqDYGioUPCI-01119-00258088-00258319 only to find halfway through that half
+cqDYGioUPCI-01120-00258319-00258406 the children belong
+cqDYGioUPCI-01121-00258407-00258591 to a different father and so then you
+cqDYGioUPCI-01122-00258592-00258791 have to scrub all that and start again
+cqDYGioUPCI-01123-00258792-00258991 and so once you've done that mistake
+cqDYGioUPCI-01124-00258992-00259239 made that mistake a couple of times
+cqDYGioUPCI-01125-00259240-00259455 you'll start to you'll come up with some
+cqDYGioUPCI-01126-00259456-00259558 very uh
+cqDYGioUPCI-01127-00259559-00259823 quick and picky questions to to avoid it
+cqDYGioUPCI-01128-00259823-00259894 such as
+cqDYGioUPCI-01129-00259896-00260063 how many kids do you have do they all
+cqDYGioUPCI-01130-00260064-00260239 have the same parents and then start
+cqDYGioUPCI-01131-00260240-00260382 writing it down
+cqDYGioUPCI-01132-00260383-00260582 so ask specifically about half sib ships
+cqDYGioUPCI-01133-00260583-00260751 because
+cqDYGioUPCI-01134-00260752-00261071 they will be sure to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01135-00261071-00261398 to mess up your lovely diagram
+cqDYGioUPCI-01136-00261400-00261567 specifically about known genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-01137-00261567-00261710 diseases obviously that's what we're
+cqDYGioUPCI-01138-00261711-00261919 interested in
+cqDYGioUPCI-01139-00261919-00262160 ask about premature death um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01140-00262161-00262334 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-01141-00262335-00262647 is there so young death um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01142-00262648-00262967 in the family um that's especially if
+cqDYGioUPCI-01143-00262968-00263103 it's unexplained
+cqDYGioUPCI-01144-00263104-00263367 and the other big thing um to ask about
+cqDYGioUPCI-01145-00263368-00263527 is intellectual impairment
+cqDYGioUPCI-01146-00263528-00263719 and the reason for that is intellectual
+cqDYGioUPCI-01147-00263720-00263910 impairment
+cqDYGioUPCI-01148-00263911-00264247 is a feature of many many many
+cqDYGioUPCI-01149-00264248-00264591 genetic conditions and so if there is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01150-00264592-00264879 a history of that in the family it could
+cqDYGioUPCI-01151-00264880-00265103 be something that's worth
+cqDYGioUPCI-01152-00265104-00265415 looking into a little more especially if
+cqDYGioUPCI-01153-00265416-00265447 it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-01154-00265448-00265751 a male connected to your let's say woman
+cqDYGioUPCI-01155-00265752-00265871 in front of you through a number of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01156-00265872-00266103 females you need to be concerned about
+cqDYGioUPCI-01157-00266104-00266215 an ex-linked
+cqDYGioUPCI-01158-00266216-00266630 intellectual disability
+cqDYGioUPCI-01159-00266631-00266910 uh the other question it's always worth
+cqDYGioUPCI-01160-00266911-00267023 remembering to ask is about
+cqDYGioUPCI-01161-00267024-00267206 consanguinity
+cqDYGioUPCI-01162-00267207-00267495 in this part of the world in queensland
+cqDYGioUPCI-01163-00267496-00267599 that often
+cqDYGioUPCI-01164-00267600-00267903 gets a few giggles when you ask
+cqDYGioUPCI-01165-00267904-00268215 you or your partner or later at all um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01166-00268216-00268543 but it is an important
+cqDYGioUPCI-01167-00268544-00268823 question to ask because consanguinity as
+cqDYGioUPCI-01168-00268824-00268887 i said
+cqDYGioUPCI-01169-00268888-00269247 before you are likely to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01170-00269248-00269519 share the same genetic errors um as
+cqDYGioUPCI-01171-00269520-00269655 those you're related to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01172-00269656-00269830 and so consequently does increase the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01173-00269831-00270158 chances of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01174-00270159-00270487 recessive diseases in future in future
+cqDYGioUPCI-01175-00270488-00270710 generations
+cqDYGioUPCI-01176-00270711-00271015 following up on the clues though um you
+cqDYGioUPCI-01177-00271016-00271071 know it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-01178-00271072-00271295 it's not an easy task and it's not
+cqDYGioUPCI-01179-00271296-00271439 something i'd be expecting
+cqDYGioUPCI-01180-00271440-00271782 you to do in general practice but if
+cqDYGioUPCI-01181-00271783-00272063 somebody has some more details about
+cqDYGioUPCI-01182-00272064-00272206 uncle fred who died
+cqDYGioUPCI-01183-00272207-00272719 or my sister's child who
+cqDYGioUPCI-01184-00272720-00272943 has a intellectual disability they might
+cqDYGioUPCI-01185-00272944-00273095 be able to come back to you
+cqDYGioUPCI-01186-00273096-00273279 with some medical reports giving you an
+cqDYGioUPCI-01187-00273280-00273399 idea of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01188-00273400-00273534 whether or not what you're dealing with
+cqDYGioUPCI-01189-00273535-00273775 is genetic or not but if it's something
+cqDYGioUPCI-01190-00273776-00274095 that for whatever reason
+cqDYGioUPCI-01191-00274096-00274334 it's not something you can follow up on
+cqDYGioUPCI-01192-00274335-00274447 well
+cqDYGioUPCI-01193-00274448-00274606 then that's what your friendly genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-01194-00274607-00274767 counseling service is for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01195-00274768-00275055 and a genetic counsellor is very adept
+cqDYGioUPCI-01196-00275056-00275095 at
+cqDYGioUPCI-01197-00275096-00275367 chasing up leads and trying to find what
+cqDYGioUPCI-01198-00275368-00275423 um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01199-00275424-00275727 what clues there are looking for the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01200-00275728-00275895 possibility of a genetic condition
+cqDYGioUPCI-01201-00275896-00276247 in a family
+cqDYGioUPCI-01202-00276248-00276663 preconception genetic testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-01203-00276664-00276887 um is the next step up really after a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01204-00276888-00277039 family tree
+cqDYGioUPCI-01205-00277040-00277255 and this again has been around for for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01206-00277256-00277415 you know quite some decades especially
+cqDYGioUPCI-01207-00277416-00277599 jewish screening programs
+cqDYGioUPCI-01208-00277600-00277879 um so these uh bigger in sydney and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01209-00277880-00278039 melbourne where there are large
+cqDYGioUPCI-01210-00278040-00278367 um genetic uh sorry jewish
+cqDYGioUPCI-01211-00278368-00278710 populations
+cqDYGioUPCI-01212-00278711-00279071 but they look for carriers of conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-01213-00279072-00279239 where there's known to be
+cqDYGioUPCI-01214-00279240-00279391 a um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01215-00279392-00279695 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-01216-00279696-00280023 a founder effect so that's to say that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01217-00280024-00280103 these
+cqDYGioUPCI-01218-00280104-00280391 individuals have a i guess a genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-01219-00280392-00280487 commonality
+cqDYGioUPCI-01220-00280488-00280719 and back in their founding their
+cqDYGioUPCI-01221-00280720-00280907 founding fathers and mothers
+cqDYGioUPCI-01222-00280908-00281119 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-01223-00281120-00281482 certain hidden genetic errors were
+cqDYGioUPCI-01224-00281483-00281871 introduced
+cqDYGioUPCI-01225-00281872-00282182 um with the jewish screening programs
+cqDYGioUPCI-01226-00282183-00282367 they are mainly for unborn areas of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01227-00282368-00282510 metabolism the big one that you've
+cqDYGioUPCI-01228-00282511-00282879 probably heard of is the sax disease
+cqDYGioUPCI-01229-00282880-00283206 but there are particular mutations
+cqDYGioUPCI-01230-00283207-00283471 associated with cystic fibrosis um which
+cqDYGioUPCI-01231-00283472-00283606 are looked for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01232-00283607-00283871 and um there are a whole lot of other
+cqDYGioUPCI-01233-00283872-00283999 very rare conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-01234-00284000-00284254 but more common in jewish communities
+cqDYGioUPCI-01235-00284255-00284399 that are looked at at a single gene
+cqDYGioUPCI-01236-00284400-00284767 level in these programs
+cqDYGioUPCI-01237-00284768-00284951 on the right there i show those three
+cqDYGioUPCI-01238-00284952-00285271 common and i use the word common loosely
+cqDYGioUPCI-01239-00285272-00285466 but those three common um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01240-00285467-00285654 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-01241-00285655-00285887 or some more recessive conditions so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01242-00285888-00286047 spinal muscular atrophy
+cqDYGioUPCI-01243-00286048-00286351 for instance um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01244-00286352-00286663 we'll get onto a bit more um but it's a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01245-00286664-00286975 common um very devastating disease
+cqDYGioUPCI-01246-00286976-00287087 really
+cqDYGioUPCI-01247-00287088-00287423 which by the way there are treatment
+cqDYGioUPCI-01248-00287424-00287671 is becoming available but it is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01249-00287672-00287767 recommended that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01250-00287768-00288158 couples considering a um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01251-00288159-00288310 a pregnancy are tested for these three
+cqDYGioUPCI-01252-00288311-00288487 conditions it's not a great deal of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01253-00288488-00288623 money you look probably
+cqDYGioUPCI-01254-00288624-00288734 the average couple's going to be out of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01255-00288735-00289079 pocket 250 dollars and that's per person
+cqDYGioUPCI-01256-00289080-00289382 um to save money um what people do is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01257-00289383-00289727 um they they tear their screenings so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01258-00289728-00289879 they just test
+cqDYGioUPCI-01259-00289880-00290182 usually the woman first and then um if
+cqDYGioUPCI-01260-00290183-00290223 she
+cqDYGioUPCI-01261-00290224-00290534 screens negative then there's no need to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01262-00290535-00290639 test the mail
+cqDYGioUPCI-01263-00290640-00290791 she screen's positive and obviously you
+cqDYGioUPCI-01264-00290792-00290999 test the mail at which point
+cqDYGioUPCI-01265-00291000-00291271 um you're going to be 500 out of pocket
+cqDYGioUPCI-01266-00291272-00291551 but to be honest if you're
+cqDYGioUPCI-01267-00291552-00291687 if you find that someone's a carrier for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01268-00291688-00291847 a condition then there's you know a good
+cqDYGioUPCI-01269-00291848-00291991 reason to refer them to your local
+cqDYGioUPCI-01270-00291992-00292158 public genetic service
+cqDYGioUPCI-01271-00292159-00292463 where the male um test
+cqDYGioUPCI-01272-00292464-00292687 may or may not be covered um depending
+cqDYGioUPCI-01273-00292688-00292799 on um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01274-00292800-00293119 the service um their budget and their
+cqDYGioUPCI-01275-00293120-00293430 um um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01276-00293431-00293806 i guess financial uh
+cqDYGioUPCI-01277-00293807-00294367 constraints and uh
+cqDYGioUPCI-01278-00294368-00294919 the big thing that's really
+cqDYGioUPCI-01279-00294920-00295263 come up in genomics is this massive
+cqDYGioUPCI-01280-00295264-00295319 parallel
+cqDYGioUPCI-01281-00295320-00295543 massively parallel sequencing also known
+cqDYGioUPCI-01282-00295544-00295919 as next generation sequencing
+cqDYGioUPCI-01283-00295920-00296063 so what is this next generation
+cqDYGioUPCI-01284-00296064-00296239 sequencing well this
+cqDYGioUPCI-01285-00296240-00296463 is what enables us to not just look for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01286-00296464-00296599 three
+cqDYGioUPCI-01287-00296600-00296743 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-01288-00296744-00296967 diseases in carrier screen but to look
+cqDYGioUPCI-01289-00296968-00297110 for hundreds of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01290-00297111-00297463 diseases and carrier screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01291-00297464-00297663 and previously when we were looking at a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01292-00297664-00297847 gene basically we'd have probes that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01293-00297848-00298023 would flank the gene
+cqDYGioUPCI-01294-00298024-00298247 and would read through the gene um and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01295-00298248-00298423 then find
+cqDYGioUPCI-01296-00298424-00298743 work out this mutation there or not and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01297-00298744-00299071 these um flanking probes um wouldn't
+cqDYGioUPCI-01298-00299072-00299254 just be flanking the gene but
+cqDYGioUPCI-01299-00299255-00299575 it'd be on a lesser scale they'd be
+cqDYGioUPCI-01300-00299576-00299758 flaking the exons within the genes
+cqDYGioUPCI-01301-00299759-00300054 so if you've got 20 000 genes and if
+cqDYGioUPCI-01302-00300055-00300158 they've got on average
+cqDYGioUPCI-01303-00300159-00300463 10 exons each then that's a lot of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01304-00300464-00300630 flanking probes and a lot of tests you
+cqDYGioUPCI-01305-00300631-00300815 need to be need to be done to look at
+cqDYGioUPCI-01306-00300816-00300975 all your genes
+cqDYGioUPCI-01307-00300976-00301439 that's a massively parallel sequencing
+cqDYGioUPCI-01308-00301440-00301823 negates that what it does is basically
+cqDYGioUPCI-01309-00301824-00302006 it's a blood test from which you can
+cqDYGioUPCI-01310-00302007-00302239 extract the dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-01311-00302240-00302679 that dna is basically chopped up into
+cqDYGioUPCI-01312-00302680-00302919 lots of little pieces and then it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-01313-00302920-00303015 dragged down
+cqDYGioUPCI-01314-00303016-00303279 or um mapped against a reference
+cqDYGioUPCI-01315-00303280-00303391 sequence
+cqDYGioUPCI-01316-00303392-00303543 and against that reference sequence
+cqDYGioUPCI-01317-00303544-00303703 which is meant to be you know what
+cqDYGioUPCI-01318-00303704-00304134 a normal genome is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01319-00304135-00304343 we are able to find anything that stands
+cqDYGioUPCI-01320-00304344-00304558 out as
+cqDYGioUPCI-01321-00304559-00304975 abnormal so we can
+cqDYGioUPCI-01322-00304976-00305230 technically look at the whole genome and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01323-00305231-00305391 not just the genes but all the bits of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01324-00305392-00305903 dna in between
+cqDYGioUPCI-01325-00305904-00306119 this is actually available commercially
+cqDYGioUPCI-01326-00306120-00306223 at the moment there are a couple of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01327-00306224-00306358 companies
+cqDYGioUPCI-01328-00306359-00306510 that operate through australia that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01329-00306511-00306710 offer this
+cqDYGioUPCI-01330-00306711-00306895 and i've was having a look at their
+cqDYGioUPCI-01331-00306896-00307030 websites
+cqDYGioUPCI-01332-00307031-00307343 um and i'm not i can't particularly
+cqDYGioUPCI-01333-00307344-00307487 agree with all the conditions they
+cqDYGioUPCI-01334-00307488-00307830 they screen for i don't think all the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01335-00307831-00308103 conditions that you um should be
+cqDYGioUPCI-01336-00308104-00308215 screening for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01337-00308216-00308430 uh but that's the debate for another day
+cqDYGioUPCI-01338-00308431-00308519 but on average
+cqDYGioUPCI-01339-00308520-00308806 they screen for between 250 and 750
+cqDYGioUPCI-01340-00308807-00308927 conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-01341-00308928-00309143 and it's not outrageously expensive um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01342-00309144-00309254 to be honest it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-01343-00309255-00309599 um massively parallel sequencing
+cqDYGioUPCI-01344-00309600-00309927 screening it's between 500 and 750
+cqDYGioUPCI-01345-00309928-00310143 dollars per person
+cqDYGioUPCI-01346-00310144-00310358 so this is a screening which is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01347-00310359-00310654 available to your patients now
+cqDYGioUPCI-01348-00310655-00310887 and should they be in a position to pay
+cqDYGioUPCI-01349-00310888-00310999 for it themselves
+cqDYGioUPCI-01350-00311000-00311319 it's something that they can have
+cqDYGioUPCI-01351-00311320-00311406 it's something that they could
+cqDYGioUPCI-01352-00311407-00311630 potentially depending on the company
+cqDYGioUPCI-01353-00311631-00311727 they go through
+cqDYGioUPCI-01354-00311728-00311871 order themselves online and they come
+cqDYGioUPCI-01355-00311872-00312063 into your office waving their report
+cqDYGioUPCI-01356-00312064-00312254 already
+cqDYGioUPCI-01357-00312255-00312415 at this juncture i'd like to mention
+cqDYGioUPCI-01358-00312416-00312606 mckenzie's mission
+cqDYGioUPCI-01359-00312607-00313047 so we mentioned um queensland genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-01360-00313048-00313367 um its existence is thanks to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01361-00313368-00313687 25 million dollars from the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01362-00313688-00314015 state government the federal government
+cqDYGioUPCI-01363-00314016-00314303 has donated tens and tens of millions of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01364-00314304-00314463 dollars into genomic
+cqDYGioUPCI-01365-00314464-00314815 projects over the last five years or so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01366-00314816-00315082 and one of these projects is mckenzie's
+cqDYGioUPCI-01367-00315083-00315230 mission
+cqDYGioUPCI-01368-00315231-00315391 and that's a picture there of actually
+cqDYGioUPCI-01369-00315392-00315647 of mackenzie casella
+cqDYGioUPCI-01370-00315648-00315919 who was a young girl whose parents were
+cqDYGioUPCI-01371-00315920-00316030 very proactive in
+cqDYGioUPCI-01372-00316031-00316351 their pregnancy they went to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01373-00316352-00316791 their gp they had asked
+cqDYGioUPCI-01374-00316792-00316943 what what do i need to be concerned
+cqDYGioUPCI-01375-00316944-00317200 about are there any tests available
+cqDYGioUPCI-01376-00317201-00317534 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-01377-00317535-00317863 that i should have
+cqDYGioUPCI-01378-00317864-00318023 been concerned about having a child with
+cqDYGioUPCI-01379-00318024-00318175 a genetic condition
+cqDYGioUPCI-01380-00318176-00318487 or other conditions for that matter um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01381-00318488-00318663 and unfortunately in this circumstance
+cqDYGioUPCI-01382-00318664-00318806 the the gp
+cqDYGioUPCI-01383-00318807-00319030 didn't realize that screening for this
+cqDYGioUPCI-01384-00319031-00319327 condition spinal muscular atrophy
+cqDYGioUPCI-01385-00319328-00319599 was available and mackenzie was born and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01386-00319600-00319710 diagnosed with
+cqDYGioUPCI-01387-00319711-00320119 spinal muscular atrophy and sadly died
+cqDYGioUPCI-01388-00320120-00320406 the parents were quite upset but not
+cqDYGioUPCI-01389-00320407-00320582 vindictive in any way
+cqDYGioUPCI-01390-00320583-00320879 but they took their plight to the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01391-00320880-00321047 commonwealth government
+cqDYGioUPCI-01392-00321048-00321391 and said look this isn't good enough
+cqDYGioUPCI-01393-00321392-00321943 there was testing available for us to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01394-00321944-00322119 find out if we're carriers of sma we
+cqDYGioUPCI-01395-00322120-00322351 could have avoided having a child with
+cqDYGioUPCI-01396-00322352-00322551 sma and all the heartache that goes
+cqDYGioUPCI-01397-00322552-00322879 goes with that but
+cqDYGioUPCI-01398-00322880-00323063 this isn't in our health care system it
+cqDYGioUPCI-01399-00323064-00323263 isn't mainstreamed our gp didn't even
+cqDYGioUPCI-01400-00323264-00323439 know about it
+cqDYGioUPCI-01401-00323440-00323615 what are you going to do about it and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01402-00323616-00323743 around the same time
+cqDYGioUPCI-01403-00323744-00324063 or the there were a couple of um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01404-00324064-00324263 geneticists who um were also getting
+cqDYGioUPCI-01405-00324264-00324439 passionate about about one of them of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01406-00324440-00324519 course
+cqDYGioUPCI-01407-00324520-00324791 being mackenzie's doctor and went and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01408-00324792-00324975 lobbied the government
+cqDYGioUPCI-01409-00324976-00325119 saying look actually this isn't a bad
+cqDYGioUPCI-01410-00325120-00325391 idea we should be empowering couples
+cqDYGioUPCI-01411-00325392-00325743 to have pre-conception screening and so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01412-00325744-00326015 they the commonwealth government has
+cqDYGioUPCI-01413-00326016-00326254 provided a 20 million dollar
+cqDYGioUPCI-01414-00326255-00326487 grant for this very large research
+cqDYGioUPCI-01415-00326488-00326591 project
+cqDYGioUPCI-01416-00326592-00326815 and what's happening is 10 000 couples
+cqDYGioUPCI-01417-00326816-00326927 are being offered
+cqDYGioUPCI-01418-00326928-00327110 next generation preconception screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01419-00327111-00327454 for about 750 conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-01420-00327455-00327719 and these are being ascertained through
+cqDYGioUPCI-01421-00327720-00327951 general practices
+cqDYGioUPCI-01422-00327952-00328247 and maternity settings it's not
+cqDYGioUPCI-01423-00328248-00328415 occurring in queensland yet i think next
+cqDYGioUPCI-01424-00328416-00328606 year
+cqDYGioUPCI-01425-00328607-00328854 queensland patients will be able to be
+cqDYGioUPCI-01426-00328855-00328919 enrolled
+cqDYGioUPCI-01427-00328920-00329191 in this project and i'm not actually
+cqDYGioUPCI-01428-00329192-00329295 sure
+cqDYGioUPCI-01429-00329296-00329471 how you as a general practitioner can
+cqDYGioUPCI-01430-00329472-00329647 get your name on the list
+cqDYGioUPCI-01431-00329648-00329927 of um being able to offer this to your
+cqDYGioUPCI-01432-00329928-00330039 patients
+cqDYGioUPCI-01433-00330040-00330334 but it's something obviously that they
+cqDYGioUPCI-01434-00330335-00330575 are offering to everybody because
+cqDYGioUPCI-01435-00330576-00330743 although 20 million dollars is a lot of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01436-00330744-00330903 money it doesn't actually
+cqDYGioUPCI-01437-00330904-00331182 go a long way especially when you look
+cqDYGioUPCI-01438-00331183-00331239 at
+cqDYGioUPCI-01439-00331240-00331582 the purposes of the studies not just to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01440-00331583-00331775 look to see if they can find carrier
+cqDYGioUPCI-01441-00331776-00331975 couples their expectations yes of course
+cqDYGioUPCI-01442-00331976-00332006 we
+cqDYGioUPCI-01443-00332007-00332423 we can but the also need to find out is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01444-00332424-00332663 finding this information useful do
+cqDYGioUPCI-01445-00332664-00332854 people actually act on this information
+cqDYGioUPCI-01446-00332855-00333095 do they change their reproductive
+cqDYGioUPCI-01447-00333096-00333239 options
+cqDYGioUPCI-01448-00333240-00333423 and it's an acceptable technology is it
+cqDYGioUPCI-01449-00333424-00333591 something the community embraces or is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01450-00333592-00333687 it something they show
+cqDYGioUPCI-01451-00333688-00333943 it shuns um and so these questions are
+cqDYGioUPCI-01452-00333944-00334030 also being
+cqDYGioUPCI-01453-00334031-00334175 looked at so there are a number of arms
+cqDYGioUPCI-01454-00334176-00334406 to this study
+cqDYGioUPCI-01455-00334407-00334727 but the um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01456-00334728-00335015 long-term goal of this project is to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01457-00335016-00335110 embed
+cqDYGioUPCI-01458-00335111-00335415 routine carrier screening into
+cqDYGioUPCI-01459-00335416-00335903 routine prenatal healthcare
+cqDYGioUPCI-01460-00335904-00336103 so if a couple finds that they are a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01461-00336104-00336295 carrier what are their options
+cqDYGioUPCI-01462-00336296-00336463 well of course the first is to do
+cqDYGioUPCI-01463-00336464-00336606 nothing um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01464-00336607-00336871 at which point if a couple says well
+cqDYGioUPCI-01465-00336872-00337006 we're not really wanting to change
+cqDYGioUPCI-01466-00337007-00337110 anything we do you
+cqDYGioUPCI-01467-00337111-00337263 can argue well i had the screening in
+cqDYGioUPCI-01468-00337264-00337495 the first place
+cqDYGioUPCI-01469-00337496-00337703 um and certainly the health economists
+cqDYGioUPCI-01470-00337704-00337839 um would very much
+cqDYGioUPCI-01471-00337840-00338151 argue that another argument people
+cqDYGioUPCI-01472-00338152-00338295 would make is that people just like to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01473-00338296-00338495 know and be prepared and i've heard that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01474-00338496-00338558 from a lot of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01475-00338559-00338823 patients um who say look you know i
+cqDYGioUPCI-01476-00338824-00339143 don't actually want to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01477-00339144-00339263 interfere in the natural process of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01478-00339264-00339575 conception and gestation in any way but
+cqDYGioUPCI-01479-00339576-00339767 i just want to be prepared
+cqDYGioUPCI-01480-00339768-00340015 the second option available is gamut
+cqDYGioUPCI-01481-00340016-00340191 donation
+cqDYGioUPCI-01482-00340192-00340375 so obviously if it's an x-linked
+cqDYGioUPCI-01483-00340376-00340582 condition then you'd want to be looking
+cqDYGioUPCI-01484-00340583-00340767 for a donor egg if it's an x if it's a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01485-00340768-00340975 little so more recessive condition then
+cqDYGioUPCI-01486-00340976-00341263 it could be sperm or egg
+cqDYGioUPCI-01487-00341264-00341647 the point there of course
+cqDYGioUPCI-01488-00341648-00341839 is to not to understand the obvious is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01489-00341840-00341991 just be careful who your donor is you
+cqDYGioUPCI-01490-00341992-00342095 don't want to make sure that they're a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01491-00342096-00342215 carrier you want to make sure they're
+cqDYGioUPCI-01492-00342216-00342495 not a carrier of the same condition
+cqDYGioUPCI-01493-00342496-00342695 so if it's a brother or sister then
+cqDYGioUPCI-01494-00342696-00342839 obviously you'd want to test them first
+cqDYGioUPCI-01495-00342840-00343151 to ensure that they're not carriers
+cqDYGioUPCI-01496-00343152-00343415 the next option which is uh probably the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01497-00343416-00343630 most common option that's undertaken
+cqDYGioUPCI-01498-00343631-00343951 is having an invasive procedure so this
+cqDYGioUPCI-01499-00343952-00344047 is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01500-00344048-00344295 testing an established pregnancy so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01501-00344296-00344495 that's aromniocentesis
+cqDYGioUPCI-01502-00344496-00344758 looking at the amniotic fluid or
+cqDYGioUPCI-01503-00344759-00344910 chorionic vital sampling which is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01504-00344911-00345078 testing the placenta which is made up of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01505-00345079-00345215 the same genes and chromosomes as the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01506-00345216-00345334 baby
+cqDYGioUPCI-01507-00345335-00345615 and sending that off to the lab for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01508-00345616-00345719 testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-01509-00345720-00345967 and the idea there is that should a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01510-00345968-00346119 pregnancy be
+cqDYGioUPCI-01511-00346120-00346247 affected with a serious genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-01512-00346248-00346423 condition then that couple has the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01513-00346424-00346719 option of terminating the pregnancy
+cqDYGioUPCI-01514-00346720-00346991 now obviously that's not something
+cqDYGioUPCI-01515-00346992-00347119 people
+cqDYGioUPCI-01516-00347120-00347503 undertake lightly
+cqDYGioUPCI-01517-00347504-00347799 the technology which does help
+cqDYGioUPCI-01518-00347800-00347927 circumvent having to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01519-00347928-00348127 undergo termination pregnancy is planned
+cqDYGioUPCI-01520-00348128-00348375 for pre-implantation genetic testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-01521-00348376-00348582 so this is undertaken in the setting of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01522-00348583-00348767 in vitro fertilization
+cqDYGioUPCI-01523-00348768-00348975 so a pregnancy is established in the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01524-00348976-00349239 laboratory through ivf
+cqDYGioUPCI-01525-00349240-00349527 at the usually around the four to six
+cqDYGioUPCI-01526-00349528-00349678 cell stage
+cqDYGioUPCI-01527-00349679-00349943 genetic material is sampled and that is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01528-00349944-00350151 tested
+cqDYGioUPCI-01529-00350152-00350463 for the disease of interest and believe
+cqDYGioUPCI-01530-00350464-00350582 it or not you can also look at the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01531-00350583-00350703 chromosomal packaging
+cqDYGioUPCI-01532-00350704-00350999 of that embryo at that stage to make
+cqDYGioUPCI-01533-00351000-00351182 sure that there's no
+cqDYGioUPCI-01534-00351183-00351503 aneuploty such as down syndrome and then
+cqDYGioUPCI-01535-00351504-00351854 obviously you'd only implant
+cqDYGioUPCI-01536-00351855-00352143 embryos back into the womb that are free
+cqDYGioUPCI-01537-00352144-00352199 from known
+cqDYGioUPCI-01538-00352200-00352503 genetic conditions now this is of course
+cqDYGioUPCI-01539-00352504-00352558 using
+cqDYGioUPCI-01540-00352559-00352958 small amounts of dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-01541-00352959-00353415 and so people who offer pgt
+cqDYGioUPCI-01542-00353416-00353647 would always recommend that once the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01543-00353648-00353799 pregnancy has been established
+cqDYGioUPCI-01544-00353800-00353951 that you do have a follow-up invasive
+cqDYGioUPCI-01545-00353952-00354151 procedure just to make sure
+cqDYGioUPCI-01546-00354152-00354351 that it wasn't a false negative result
+cqDYGioUPCI-01547-00354352-00354495 but these are options for couples and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01548-00354496-00354683 that's why we can undertake
+cqDYGioUPCI-01549-00354684-00354847 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-01550-00354848-00355206 preconception screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01551-00355207-00355392 but what if your
+cqDYGioUPCI-01552-00355393-00355519 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-01553-00355520-00355806 pregnancy is already established what
+cqDYGioUPCI-01554-00355807-00356103 screening is available prenatally
+cqDYGioUPCI-01555-00356104-00356254 well i should point out that that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01556-00356255-00356447 preconception screening is still
+cqDYGioUPCI-01557-00356448-00356551 available
+cqDYGioUPCI-01558-00356552-00356751 in the early stages of pregnancy so if
+cqDYGioUPCI-01559-00356752-00356887 you do it quickly then
+cqDYGioUPCI-01560-00356888-00357127 and find out couples are carries of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01561-00357128-00357263 recessive conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-01562-00357264-00357591 um should everything be undertaken
+cqDYGioUPCI-01563-00357592-00357727 quickly
+cqDYGioUPCI-01564-00357728-00357982 then you can have genetic test results
+cqDYGioUPCI-01565-00357983-00358095 to test and establish
+cqDYGioUPCI-01566-00358096-00358415 pregnancy um but as you all know routine
+cqDYGioUPCI-01567-00358416-00358687 prenatal screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01568-00358688-00358951 has been well established in routine
+cqDYGioUPCI-01569-00358952-00359063 antenatal care
+cqDYGioUPCI-01570-00359064-00359575 since at least the 1970s so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01571-00359576-00359767 what's the advantage of prenatal
+cqDYGioUPCI-01572-00359768-00359927 screening over
+cqDYGioUPCI-01573-00359928-00360063 preconception screening well
+cqDYGioUPCI-01574-00360064-00360223 preconception screening we're only
+cqDYGioUPCI-01575-00360224-00360471 talking about those recessive conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-01576-00360472-00360582 and so what are some of the excellent
+cqDYGioUPCI-01577-00360583-00360734 recessive conditions that have been
+cqDYGioUPCI-01578-00360735-00360958 carried around the population
+cqDYGioUPCI-01579-00360959-00361319 actually a large portion if not most of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01580-00361320-00361430 genetic diseases
+cqDYGioUPCI-01581-00361431-00361687 occurs denovo so that's not something
+cqDYGioUPCI-01582-00361688-00361751 that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01583-00361752-00361878 either the father the mother
+cqDYGioUPCI-01584-00361879-00362063 unnecessarily carrying
+cqDYGioUPCI-01585-00362064-00362334 but a alteration occurs in either the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01586-00362335-00362495 packaging of the genes or the genes
+cqDYGioUPCI-01587-00362496-00362630 themselves
+cqDYGioUPCI-01588-00362631-00362782 as they're being formed and passed on to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01589-00362783-00362951 the child um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01590-00362952-00363254 and so that person is the first one in
+cqDYGioUPCI-01591-00363255-00363287 the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01592-00363288-00363471 in the family to be affected with a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01593-00363472-00363671 genetic condition
+cqDYGioUPCI-01594-00363672-00363951 and so prenatal screening aims to detect
+cqDYGioUPCI-01595-00363952-00364078 a proportion of these
+cqDYGioUPCI-01596-00364079-00364327 de novo conditions and these are
+cqDYGioUPCI-01597-00364328-00364527 primarily chromosomal disorders
+cqDYGioUPCI-01598-00364528-00364967 and that's what the main mainstay of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01599-00364968-00365127 prenatal screening is looking for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01600-00365128-00365399 chromosomal aneuploidy
+cqDYGioUPCI-01601-00365400-00365719 and so um those of you who
+cqDYGioUPCI-01602-00365720-00366006 look after pregnant women will know this
+cqDYGioUPCI-01603-00366007-00366087 very well
+cqDYGioUPCI-01604-00366088-00366287 um that a number of very variables are
+cqDYGioUPCI-01605-00366288-00366503 associated with aneuploidy and quite
+cqDYGioUPCI-01606-00366504-00366582 strongly
+cqDYGioUPCI-01607-00366583-00366830 so the first of course is maternal age
+cqDYGioUPCI-01608-00366831-00366982 so the higher
+cqDYGioUPCI-01609-00366983-00367247 the mother's age the more likely she is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01610-00367248-00367375 of having a child's abnormal
+cqDYGioUPCI-01611-00367376-00367623 chromosomes but also a number of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01612-00367624-00367719 hormones
+cqDYGioUPCI-01613-00367720-00368110 so the paper and beta-hcg
+cqDYGioUPCI-01614-00368111-00368519 then on ultrasound the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01615-00368520-00368678 nuclear translucency which is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01616-00368679-00368830 essentially the fluid at the back of the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01617-00368831-00368967 baby's neck there that you can see in
+cqDYGioUPCI-01618-00368968-00369095 the diagram
+cqDYGioUPCI-01619-00369096-00369254 thick and nuclear translucency is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01620-00369255-00369430 associated with
+cqDYGioUPCI-01621-00369431-00369663 chromosomal disorders in particular down
+cqDYGioUPCI-01622-00369664-00369799 syndrome
+cqDYGioUPCI-01623-00369800-00370247 as a as is a short nasal bone length
+cqDYGioUPCI-01624-00370248-00370454 now essentially with combined first
+cqDYGioUPCI-01625-00370455-00370615 trimester screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01626-00370616-00371054 that maternal age the level of those
+cqDYGioUPCI-01627-00371055-00371295 maternal hormones or their placental
+cqDYGioUPCI-01628-00371296-00371406 hormones really
+cqDYGioUPCI-01629-00371407-00371687 um and those ultrasound findings
+cqDYGioUPCI-01630-00371688-00371791 basically
+cqDYGioUPCI-01631-00371792-00371975 um the the values are shoved into a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01632-00371976-00372151 computer and a regression analysis is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01633-00372152-00372271 undertaken
+cqDYGioUPCI-01634-00372272-00372447 and it comes up with a unifying risk
+cqDYGioUPCI-01635-00372448-00372599 figure
+cqDYGioUPCI-01636-00372600-00372902 and for reasons i'm not entirely sure of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01637-00372903-00373110 actually 1 in 300 is considered to be
+cqDYGioUPCI-01638-00373111-00373182 the cut off
+cqDYGioUPCI-01639-00373183-00373471 for an increased risk so anybody who
+cqDYGioUPCI-01640-00373472-00373575 receives
+cqDYGioUPCI-01641-00373576-00374047 increased risk of greater than 1 in 300
+cqDYGioUPCI-01642-00374048-00374439 is offered follow-up invasive testing to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01643-00374440-00374718 definitively look at the pregnancies
+cqDYGioUPCI-01644-00374719-00374902 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-01645-00374903-00375239 chromosomes i will just
+cqDYGioUPCI-01646-00375240-00375534 note at this point that the ultrasound
+cqDYGioUPCI-01647-00375535-00375591 um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01648-00375592-00375799 whilst those variables there are part of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01649-00375800-00375919 the formal
+cqDYGioUPCI-01650-00375920-00376278 um first first trimester screen
+cqDYGioUPCI-01651-00376279-00376447 it's also important for other reasons
+cqDYGioUPCI-01652-00376448-00376551 obviously you want to confirm the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01653-00376552-00376687 pregnancy you want to make sure it's not
+cqDYGioUPCI-01654-00376688-00376839 enough fallopian tube you don't see
+cqDYGioUPCI-01655-00376840-00376975 what's implanted
+cqDYGioUPCI-01656-00376976-00377151 um it helps confirm the dates and you
+cqDYGioUPCI-01657-00377152-00377263 want to make sure that there are no
+cqDYGioUPCI-01658-00377264-00377367 extra
+cqDYGioUPCI-01659-00377368-00377567 people on board um or some people are
+cqDYGioUPCI-01660-00377568-00377751 happy to have extra people on board
+cqDYGioUPCI-01661-00377752-00378087 but make sure there's no nasty surprises
+cqDYGioUPCI-01662-00378088-00378167 down the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01663-00378168-00378382 track of undiagnosed twin triplet
+cqDYGioUPCI-01664-00378383-00378519 pregnancies
+cqDYGioUPCI-01665-00378520-00378719 second trimester screening does exist
+cqDYGioUPCI-01666-00378720-00378887 it's less sensitive than first trimester
+cqDYGioUPCI-01667-00378888-00378967 screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01668-00378968-00379151 it's not really undertaken a lot in this
+cqDYGioUPCI-01669-00379152-00379271 part of the world it's very big in the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01670-00379272-00379391 usa
+cqDYGioUPCI-01671-00379392-00379623 but not really big in australia probably
+cqDYGioUPCI-01672-00379624-00379799 if if a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01673-00379800-00379991 woman misses her first trimester
+cqDYGioUPCI-01674-00379992-00380119 screening she didn't realize she's
+cqDYGioUPCI-01675-00380120-00380287 pregnant or whatever
+cqDYGioUPCI-01676-00380288-00380687 it can be offered in that setting
+cqDYGioUPCI-01677-00380688-00381047 it's essentially just a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01678-00381048-00381430 quad test so that's looking for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01679-00381431-00381599 hormones from the mother's blood and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01680-00381600-00381782 again it's looking
+cqDYGioUPCI-01681-00381783-00382039 uh for the common nanoparties trosomy 21
+cqDYGioUPCI-01682-00382040-00382182 18 and 13.
+cqDYGioUPCI-01683-00382183-00382463 but it's not as sensitive or specific as
+cqDYGioUPCI-01684-00382464-00382639 first trimester screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01685-00382640-00382799 but that's at the added advantage of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01686-00382800-00382999 looking for neural tube defects
+cqDYGioUPCI-01687-00383000-00383127 but having said that if there is a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01688-00383128-00383343 neural tube defect such as spina bifida
+cqDYGioUPCI-01689-00383344-00383495 you should hopefully pick that up on
+cqDYGioUPCI-01690-00383496-00383695 your first trimester
+cqDYGioUPCI-01691-00383696-00384047 ultrasound but if you don't
+cqDYGioUPCI-01692-00384048-00384199 then all pregnant women should be having
+cqDYGioUPCI-01693-00384200-00384406 a second trimester morphology scan
+cqDYGioUPCI-01694-00384407-00384699 and that's because structural
+cqDYGioUPCI-01695-00384700-00384823 organogenesis
+cqDYGioUPCI-01696-00384824-00384999 is complete by that stage so all your
+cqDYGioUPCI-01697-00385000-00385215 organs of you know all the the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01698-00385216-00385415 layout of all your organs is complete
+cqDYGioUPCI-01699-00385416-00385639 whilst cells are still being
+cqDYGioUPCI-01700-00385640-00385767 laid down and they're increasing
+cqDYGioUPCI-01701-00385768-00385975 complexity um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01702-00385976-00386175 their main structure is there and so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01703-00386176-00386375 this is to screen for major structural
+cqDYGioUPCI-01704-00386376-00386575 malformations you also want to know have
+cqDYGioUPCI-01705-00386576-00386767 some idea where the placenta is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01706-00386768-00387119 so they can be kept
+cqDYGioUPCI-01707-00387120-00387551 in an eye on as the pregnancy progresses
+cqDYGioUPCI-01708-00387552-00387767 of course the big thing that's changed
+cqDYGioUPCI-01709-00387768-00388015 in prenatal
+cqDYGioUPCI-01710-00388016-00388454 test uh screening is this non-invasive
+cqDYGioUPCI-01711-00388455-00388782 um prenatal testing or you might see the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01712-00388783-00388878 term
+cqDYGioUPCI-01713-00388879-00389110 non-invasive prenatal screening in ips
+cqDYGioUPCI-01714-00389111-00389319 which is technically more correct
+cqDYGioUPCI-01715-00389320-00389606 but the term nipt came around first got
+cqDYGioUPCI-01716-00389607-00389727 into the literature and so it's more
+cqDYGioUPCI-01717-00389728-00389806 commonly
+cqDYGioUPCI-01718-00389807-00390071 used so even though it's called a test
+cqDYGioUPCI-01719-00390072-00390230 it is technically a screen
+cqDYGioUPCI-01720-00390231-00390463 and you must remember that it is a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01721-00390464-00390663 screen and not a definitive test
+cqDYGioUPCI-01722-00390664-00390958 and how does this work well up to 20 so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01723-00390959-00390991 about
+cqDYGioUPCI-01724-00390992-00391334 10 but up to 20 of free dna so this is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01725-00391335-00391510 non-encapsulated dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-01726-00391511-00391663 that's floating around in the maternal
+cqDYGioUPCI-01727-00391664-00391927 circulation comes from the placenta
+cqDYGioUPCI-01728-00391928-00392215 and so the placenta is an active organ
+cqDYGioUPCI-01729-00392216-00392399 undergoing a lot of growth and apoptosis
+cqDYGioUPCI-01730-00392400-00392599 as that apoptosis occurs
+cqDYGioUPCI-01731-00392600-00392847 cells die dna is released and that's
+cqDYGioUPCI-01732-00392848-00392991 just floats
+cqDYGioUPCI-01733-00392992-00393230 in the maternal circulation for about
+cqDYGioUPCI-01734-00393231-00393478 half an hour or so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01735-00393479-00393751 and then um our own inherent cells of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01736-00393752-00393967 course undergo apoptosis and we have our
+cqDYGioUPCI-01737-00393968-00394063 own native
+cqDYGioUPCI-01738-00394064-00394454 um not in cell free dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-01739-00394455-00394719 and so how non-invasive prenatal testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-01740-00394720-00394871 works is that it's a simple maternal
+cqDYGioUPCI-01741-00394872-00395119 blood test and the cell free dna is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01742-00395120-00395310 isolated
+cqDYGioUPCI-01743-00395311-00395495 through those next generation sequencing
+cqDYGioUPCI-01744-00395496-00395710 technologies you can work out which
+cqDYGioUPCI-01745-00395711-00396023 dna comes from mum which comes from bub
+cqDYGioUPCI-01746-00396024-00396239 and then working out what comes from
+cqDYGioUPCI-01747-00396240-00396463 baby you can look at the proportion of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01748-00396464-00396558 fetal dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-01749-00396559-00396758 and make sure there's the correct amount
+cqDYGioUPCI-01750-00396759-00396887 so if there's too much
+cqDYGioUPCI-01751-00396888-00397182 dna from chromosome 21 18 or 13 then
+cqDYGioUPCI-01752-00397183-00397447 that's indicative of a trisomy
+cqDYGioUPCI-01753-00397448-00397599 and it's also good at looking for six
+cqDYGioUPCI-01754-00397600-00397919 chromosome and employees so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01755-00397920-00398119 klinefelter syndrome and turner syndrome
+cqDYGioUPCI-01756-00398120-00398295 for instance
+cqDYGioUPCI-01757-00398296-00398534 these are highly it's highly accurate
+cqDYGioUPCI-01758-00398535-00398615 it's amazing
+cqDYGioUPCI-01759-00398616-00398847 it's for down syndrome it's approaching
+cqDYGioUPCI-01760-00398848-00398999 100 sensitivity
+cqDYGioUPCI-01761-00399000-00399295 and specificity um but it's not a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01762-00399296-00399415 hundred percent and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01763-00399416-00399671 i'll uh stress that it's not 100 so it
+cqDYGioUPCI-01764-00399672-00399767 is a testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-01765-00399768-00399999 it is a screening uh test not a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01766-00400000-00400206 diagnostic test
+cqDYGioUPCI-01767-00400207-00400495 now um if you have got a provider for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01768-00400496-00400543 this
+cqDYGioUPCI-01769-00400544-00400710 this test and you've looked at the lots
+cqDYGioUPCI-01770-00400711-00400863 of brochures they will
+cqDYGioUPCI-01771-00400864-00401095 advertise that they look for they'll
+cqDYGioUPCI-01772-00401096-00401319 they'll undertake extended screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01773-00401320-00401415 and so they'll look at the other
+cqDYGioUPCI-01774-00401416-00401687 chromosomes so there are um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01775-00401688-00402023 all matters of permutations between
+cqDYGioUPCI-01776-00402024-00402463 um you know what additional chromosome
+cqDYGioUPCI-01777-00402464-00402647 information missing chromosome
+cqDYGioUPCI-01778-00402648-00402919 information uh microaneuploidies
+cqDYGioUPCI-01779-00402920-00403282 and a number of companies have
+cqDYGioUPCI-01780-00403283-00403630 um incorporated
+cqDYGioUPCI-01781-00403631-00403975 this into their nipt now the positive
+cqDYGioUPCI-01782-00403976-00404063 predictive
+cqDYGioUPCI-01783-00404064-00404399 value for these tests is low
+cqDYGioUPCI-01784-00404400-00404591 it's not to say it's not that the test
+cqDYGioUPCI-01785-00404592-00404847 itself isn't valuable or worthwhile
+cqDYGioUPCI-01786-00404848-00405030 but if you get a positive result the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01787-00405031-00405182 chance that that pregnancy is actually
+cqDYGioUPCI-01788-00405183-00405287 affected
+cqDYGioUPCI-01789-00405288-00405478 you know it tends to be low so we're
+cqDYGioUPCI-01790-00405479-00405654 talking in the order of five percent
+cqDYGioUPCI-01791-00405655-00405887 so outside your common aneuploidies nipt
+cqDYGioUPCI-01792-00405888-00405982 for your other
+cqDYGioUPCI-01793-00405983-00406223 chromosome and your apologies isn't that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01794-00406224-00406319 great
+cqDYGioUPCI-01795-00406320-00406551 the main disadvantage of that of course
+cqDYGioUPCI-01796-00406552-00406695 is that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01797-00406696-00407039 someone who screens positive
+cqDYGioUPCI-01798-00407040-00407271 goes on to have an invasive test which
+cqDYGioUPCI-01799-00407272-00407423 is obviously uncomfortable and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01800-00407424-00407647 theoretically puts the pregnancy at risk
+cqDYGioUPCI-01801-00407648-00407806 is more likely than not to have a normal
+cqDYGioUPCI-01802-00407807-00407943 pregnancy so it's not a perfect
+cqDYGioUPCI-01803-00407944-00408319 screening test father had employees
+cqDYGioUPCI-01804-00408320-00408510 so just like combined first trimester
+cqDYGioUPCI-01805-00408511-00408671 screening nipt
+cqDYGioUPCI-01806-00408672-00408887 should be considered a screening test
+cqDYGioUPCI-01807-00408888-00409071 and should always be a positive result
+cqDYGioUPCI-01808-00409072-00409134 should all be
+cqDYGioUPCI-01809-00409135-00409439 followed up with um choreographic
+cqDYGioUPCI-01810-00409440-00409495 sampling
+cqDYGioUPCI-01811-00409496-00409703 or actually preferably amniocentesis and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01812-00409704-00409870 the reason we say amniocentesis is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01813-00409871-00409999 that's more reflective of the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01814-00410000-00410230 chromosomes of the baby
+cqDYGioUPCI-01815-00410231-00410614 rather than the placenta
+cqDYGioUPCI-01816-00410615-00410959 okay so once
+cqDYGioUPCI-01817-00410960-00411166 we've had all that screening we've got a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01818-00411167-00411287 healthy baby born
+cqDYGioUPCI-01819-00411288-00411510 and poor old baby is then subjected to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01820-00411512-00411703 newborn screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01821-00411704-00411982 so what's the role of newborn screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01822-00411983-00412014 well
+cqDYGioUPCI-01823-00412015-00412334 obviously until preconception screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01824-00412335-00412743 is reliably entrenched in routine care
+cqDYGioUPCI-01825-00412743-00413159 not so reliably it's not that simple
+cqDYGioUPCI-01826-00413160-00413351 so if a couple has preconception
+cqDYGioUPCI-01827-00413352-00413463 screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01828-00413464-00413718 and all turns out to be okay the next
+cqDYGioUPCI-01829-00413719-00413766 time
+cqDYGioUPCI-01830-00413767-00413982 say that woman or even that man has
+cqDYGioUPCI-01831-00413983-00414070 another child
+cqDYGioUPCI-01832-00414071-00414447 is not necessarily with the same person
+cqDYGioUPCI-01833-00414447-00414830 and so just because a person's screened
+cqDYGioUPCI-01834-00414831-00415055 um negative once as a couple doesn't
+cqDYGioUPCI-01835-00415056-00415166 mean they're going to be have a negative
+cqDYGioUPCI-01836-00415167-00415270 screen as a couple
+cqDYGioUPCI-01837-00415271-00415463 with their next partner so newborn
+cqDYGioUPCI-01838-00415464-00415559 screening is going to be around for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01839-00415560-00415766 quite a while
+cqDYGioUPCI-01840-00415767-00416143 it of course is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01841-00416143-00416382 the the basis of our traditional heel
+cqDYGioUPCI-01842-00416383-00416518 prick or guthrie
+cqDYGioUPCI-01843-00416519-00416751 test which was developed for finocchiato
+cqDYGioUPCI-01844-00416752-00417022 urea pku
+cqDYGioUPCI-01845-00417023-00417174 and over the years a number of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01846-00417175-00417382 conditions have been added to to the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01847-00417383-00417495 guthrie
+cqDYGioUPCI-01848-00417496-00417743 um it's taken up 48 hours of age and the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01849-00417743-00417870 reason for that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01850-00417871-00418191 is that by 48 hours of hours of age
+cqDYGioUPCI-01851-00418192-00418455 the baby's metabolism is more reflective
+cqDYGioUPCI-01852-00418456-00418718 of its own metabolism
+cqDYGioUPCI-01853-00418719-00419063 and of a baby feeding and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01854-00419064-00419255 functioning ex utero than it is of a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01855-00419256-00419431 maternal metabolism
+cqDYGioUPCI-01856-00419432-00419591 and that's important because the vast
+cqDYGioUPCI-01857-00419592-00419799 majority of conditions screened for on
+cqDYGioUPCI-01858-00419800-00419895 the guthrie
+cqDYGioUPCI-01859-00419896-00420255 are metabolic and so you want to have
+cqDYGioUPCI-01860-00420256-00420439 the the baby's metabolism being screened
+cqDYGioUPCI-01861-00420439-00420599 not the mothers
+cqDYGioUPCI-01862-00420600-00420822 the main conditions that are screened
+cqDYGioUPCI-01863-00420823-00420959 for um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01864-00420960-00421222 cystic fibrosis a whole swag of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01865-00421223-00421366 metabolic conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-01866-00421367-00421559 including amino acidopathy and fatty
+cqDYGioUPCI-01867-00421560-00421807 acidation disorders
+cqDYGioUPCI-01868-00421808-00421966 and the other one which is not genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-01869-00421967-00422110 the only one that's not genetic actually
+cqDYGioUPCI-01870-00422112-00422351 is congenital hypothyroidism
+cqDYGioUPCI-01871-00422352-00422663 and this is not a genetic test
+cqDYGioUPCI-01872-00422664-00422935 it's a biochemical test and so this is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01873-00422935-00423095 where tandem mass spectrometry has
+cqDYGioUPCI-01874-00423096-00423199 really
+cqDYGioUPCI-01875-00423200-00423535 come to the fore and has been able to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01876-00423535-00423991 screen multiple samples
+cqDYGioUPCI-01877-00423992-00424318 for multiple analytes simultaneously
+cqDYGioUPCI-01878-00424319-00424718 and so has really given us a very
+cqDYGioUPCI-01879-00424719-00425031 effective screening program
+cqDYGioUPCI-01880-00425032-00425191 the other newer part to new onscreen is
+cqDYGioUPCI-01881-00425192-00425375 of course the hearing screen so all
+cqDYGioUPCI-01882-00425376-00425510 babies now
+cqDYGioUPCI-01883-00425512-00425718 should have their hearing assessed so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01884-00425719-00425831 there are a couple of different
+cqDYGioUPCI-01885-00425832-00425966 audiological techniques
+cqDYGioUPCI-01886-00425967-00426279 used to screen the newborn
+cqDYGioUPCI-01887-00426280-00426599 and essentially if a baby fails
+cqDYGioUPCI-01888-00426600-00426999 the hearing screen then
+cqDYGioUPCI-01889-00427000-00427191 they're referred on to a specialist
+cqDYGioUPCI-01890-00427192-00427310 service or an ent
+cqDYGioUPCI-01891-00427312-00427599 surgeon for further evaluation and audio
+cqDYGioUPCI-01892-00427600-00427751 audiology
+cqDYGioUPCI-01893-00427752-00428095 i will point out that a number of
+cqDYGioUPCI-01894-00428096-00428255 causes of congenital deafness are
+cqDYGioUPCI-01895-00428256-00428687 actually genetic in origin um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01896-00428688-00428839 and i'll come back to that point in a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01897-00428839-00429014 moment so
+cqDYGioUPCI-01898-00429015-00429175 in queensland this is very much
+cqDYGioUPCI-01899-00429176-00429343 entrenched in our public
+cqDYGioUPCI-01900-00429343-00429655 service the screening
+cqDYGioUPCI-01901-00429656-00429839 is undertaken through both public and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01902-00429839-00430063 private services
+cqDYGioUPCI-01903-00430064-00430239 queensland-wide but they're all sent to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01904-00430239-00430495 our statewide pathology service
+cqDYGioUPCI-01905-00430496-00430622 here at hurston in brisbane and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01906-00430623-00430822 queensland health
+cqDYGioUPCI-01907-00430823-00431070 and they have a very as you would
+cqDYGioUPCI-01908-00431071-00431283 imagine slick
+cqDYGioUPCI-01909-00431284-00431670 um alarm service which goes back to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01910-00431671-00432014 the child's nominated
+cqDYGioUPCI-01911-00432015-00432318 pediatrician and or obstetrician and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01912-00432319-00432503 positive screens are then usually
+cqDYGioUPCI-01913-00432504-00432679 followed up through
+cqDYGioUPCI-01914-00432680-00432959 the pediatrician or neonatologist that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01915-00432960-00433039 was involved
+cqDYGioUPCI-01916-00433039-00433335 or at least on call the day the baby was
+cqDYGioUPCI-01917-00433335-00433527 born
+cqDYGioUPCI-01918-00433528-00433775 and that's a system that works very well
+cqDYGioUPCI-01919-00433776-00433839 um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01920-00433839-00434079 and any and i'm not aware of anyone
+cqDYGioUPCI-01921-00434080-00434191 who's
+cqDYGioUPCI-01922-00434192-00434535 any failed screen results because of a
+cqDYGioUPCI-01923-00434535-00434591 slip up
+cqDYGioUPCI-01924-00434592-00434903 in a communication of a positive result
+cqDYGioUPCI-01925-00434904-00435159 any failed screen results and they are
+cqDYGioUPCI-01926-00435160-00435303 very very rare
+cqDYGioUPCI-01927-00435304-00435551 um is usually because of limitation in
+cqDYGioUPCI-01928-00435552-00435766 the technology
+cqDYGioUPCI-01929-00435767-00435943 but what about the future for newborn
+cqDYGioUPCI-01930-00435943-00436151 screening as i said everything we screen
+cqDYGioUPCI-01931-00436152-00436335 for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01932-00436335-00436527 on the heel prick is genetic in our
+cqDYGioUPCI-01933-00436528-00436647 origin
+cqDYGioUPCI-01934-00436647-00436822 everything except is generic and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01935-00436823-00436918 original except for congenital
+cqDYGioUPCI-01936-00436919-00437127 hypothyroidism
+cqDYGioUPCI-01937-00437128-00437303 so why don't we screen the genes rather
+cqDYGioUPCI-01938-00437304-00437479 than just the metabolites
+cqDYGioUPCI-01939-00437480-00437718 is that where we're heading i don't know
+cqDYGioUPCI-01940-00437719-00437839 the answer to that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01941-00437839-00438007 certainly people are looking at it and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01942-00438008-00438310 people are thinking about it
+cqDYGioUPCI-01943-00438312-00438487 maybe we don't want to know our baby's
+cqDYGioUPCI-01944-00438488-00438663 genome
+cqDYGioUPCI-01945-00438664-00438814 but just because you sequence the genome
+cqDYGioUPCI-01946-00438815-00438935 doesn't mean you have to know everything
+cqDYGioUPCI-01947-00438935-00439014 that's there
+cqDYGioUPCI-01948-00439015-00439166 there are ways that you can look at
+cqDYGioUPCI-01949-00439167-00439359 multiple genes through these next
+cqDYGioUPCI-01950-00439360-00439510 generation sequencing technologies and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01951-00439512-00439695 just pick and choose what you look at
+cqDYGioUPCI-01952-00439696-00439895 or pick and choose what you what you
+cqDYGioUPCI-01953-00439896-00440070 sequence and these are very
+cqDYGioUPCI-01954-00440071-00440351 well established tests um for you know
+cqDYGioUPCI-01955-00440352-00440551 panel diseases
+cqDYGioUPCI-01956-00440552-00440991 um so um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01957-00440992-00441270 those fears that you know we're you know
+cqDYGioUPCI-01958-00441271-00441366 looking at the baby and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01959-00441367-00441631 peering into its future even before it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-01960-00441632-00441799 learned to walk
+cqDYGioUPCI-01961-00441800-00441903 you know are not necessarily
+cqDYGioUPCI-01962-00441904-00442183 well-founded but this might be the way
+cqDYGioUPCI-01963-00442184-00442510 we're going
+cqDYGioUPCI-01964-00442512-00442879 extended newborn screening through
+cqDYGioUPCI-01965-00442880-00443143 genomics does exist actually so there
+cqDYGioUPCI-01966-00443143-00443335 are at least two private companies in
+cqDYGioUPCI-01967-00443335-00443455 australia that offer it
+cqDYGioUPCI-01968-00443456-00443679 direct to consumer and they're able to
+cqDYGioUPCI-01969-00443680-00443775 screen for many
+cqDYGioUPCI-01970-00443776-00444039 many more tests than what's screened for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01971-00444039-00444127 on the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01972-00444128-00444455 guthrie hill prick once you've got that
+cqDYGioUPCI-01973-00444456-00444566 data
+cqDYGioUPCI-01974-00444567-00444703 there is an advantage that you can go
+cqDYGioUPCI-01975-00444704-00444863 back and look at it so if the child
+cqDYGioUPCI-01976-00444864-00445039 develops something else
+cqDYGioUPCI-01977-00445039-00445239 that's unrelated to this condition
+cqDYGioUPCI-01978-00445239-00445407 you're screening for
+cqDYGioUPCI-01979-00445408-00445559 you might be able to go back and look at
+cqDYGioUPCI-01980-00445560-00445870 the the genomic data and see
+cqDYGioUPCI-01981-00445871-00446014 you know if there's a genetic disorder
+cqDYGioUPCI-01982-00446015-00446295 there the disadvantages
+cqDYGioUPCI-01983-00446296-00446535 well the more genes you look at the more
+cqDYGioUPCI-01984-00446535-00446599 likely you
+cqDYGioUPCI-01985-00446600-00446751 are to uncover these variants of unknown
+cqDYGioUPCI-01986-00446752-00447007 significance so we can look at all
+cqDYGioUPCI-01987-00447008-00447127 it's all very well and good to look at
+cqDYGioUPCI-01988-00447128-00447279 all the genes but you know we can
+cqDYGioUPCI-01989-00447280-00447439 sometimes be scratching our head
+cqDYGioUPCI-01990-00447439-00447703 and wood screening by looking at the
+cqDYGioUPCI-01991-00447704-00447847 genome cause more
+cqDYGioUPCI-01992-00447847-00448143 angst than benefit and the big thing
+cqDYGioUPCI-01993-00448143-00448199 that people
+cqDYGioUPCI-01994-00448200-00448335 really worry about is potentially
+cqDYGioUPCI-01995-00448335-00448543 uncovering adult onset disease
+cqDYGioUPCI-01996-00448543-00448735 and so you want a child to be enjoying
+cqDYGioUPCI-01997-00448735-00448887 um
+cqDYGioUPCI-01998-00448888-00449151 their childhood without the the bird and
+cqDYGioUPCI-01999-00449152-00449263 the parents for that matter
+cqDYGioUPCI-02000-00449264-00449414 they want to be enjoying their children
+cqDYGioUPCI-02001-00449415-00449599 without being concerned of what
+cqDYGioUPCI-02002-00449600-00449863 may affect them in adulthood so these
+cqDYGioUPCI-02003-00449864-00449975 are some of the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02004-00449976-00450303 concerns that people uh argue against
+cqDYGioUPCI-02005-00450304-00450543 newborn genetic screening so are we
+cqDYGioUPCI-02006-00450543-00450647 ready to go there
+cqDYGioUPCI-02007-00450647-00450855 i don't know i think we are just yet but
+cqDYGioUPCI-02008-00450856-00450999 it's something a research question
+cqDYGioUPCI-02009-00451000-00451335 that's being examined
+cqDYGioUPCI-02010-00451335-00451639 so pediatric genetics so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02011-00451639-00451991 this is
+cqDYGioUPCI-02012-00451992-00452463 a um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02013-00452464-00452751 field that um i don't have a lot to say
+cqDYGioUPCI-02014-00452752-00452935 for the general practitioner
+cqDYGioUPCI-02015-00452935-00453159 simply because it's more in the realm of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02016-00453160-00453310 general pediatricians
+cqDYGioUPCI-02017-00453312-00453559 but the general practitioner does have a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02018-00453560-00453831 role to play
+cqDYGioUPCI-02019-00453832-00454118 how is genomics benefiting pediatrics
+cqDYGioUPCI-02020-00454119-00454270 well the main beneficiaries of course
+cqDYGioUPCI-02021-00454271-00454399 are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02022-00454400-00454727 children and families with rare diseases
+cqDYGioUPCI-02023-00454728-00455039 so these
+cqDYGioUPCI-02024-00455039-00455366 children with conditions that we
+cqDYGioUPCI-02025-00455367-00455607 um with unusual presentations or rare
+cqDYGioUPCI-02026-00455608-00455791 presentations the genomic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02027-00455792-00456039 basis for their disease uh hadn't been
+cqDYGioUPCI-02028-00456039-00456159 elucidated
+cqDYGioUPCI-02029-00456160-00456439 um or if it had um you know might have
+cqDYGioUPCI-02030-00456439-00456503 uh be
+cqDYGioUPCI-02031-00456504-00456655 you know once on the other side of the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02032-00456656-00456814 world
+cqDYGioUPCI-02033-00456815-00457135 testing was not routinely available
+cqDYGioUPCI-02034-00457135-00457287 the testing the one reported case
+cqDYGioUPCI-02035-00457288-00457463 occurred in a research
+cqDYGioUPCI-02036-00457464-00457735 setting and that research had
+cqDYGioUPCI-02037-00457735-00457935 subsequently closed down so it wasn't
+cqDYGioUPCI-02038-00457935-00458303 accessible so that's
+cqDYGioUPCI-02039-00458304-00458631 pretty much gone now so people were sent
+cqDYGioUPCI-02040-00458632-00458775 on what they called this diagnostic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02041-00458776-00458910 odyssey
+cqDYGioUPCI-02042-00458912-00459247 where children were having tests after
+cqDYGioUPCI-02043-00459247-00459414 test and it's not just as i said before
+cqDYGioUPCI-02044-00459415-00459591 genetic tests are the whole heap of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02045-00459592-00459847 tests to phenotype a child and see what
+cqDYGioUPCI-02046-00459847-00459895 other
+cqDYGioUPCI-02047-00459896-00460343 concomitant issues they might be having
+cqDYGioUPCI-02048-00460343-00460566 and seeing multiple specialists and that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02049-00460567-00460735 journey from
+cqDYGioUPCI-02050-00460735-00460991 symptoms first showing to diagnosis
+cqDYGioUPCI-02051-00460992-00461055 always
+cqDYGioUPCI-02052-00461056-00461351 the diagnostic odyssey went down from
+cqDYGioUPCI-02053-00461352-00461510 five years it's now down to less than
+cqDYGioUPCI-02054-00461512-00461663 six months so it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-02055-00461664-00462063 benefiting pediatrics eventually
+cqDYGioUPCI-02056-00462064-00462222 one of the things our commonwealth
+cqDYGioUPCI-02057-00462223-00462366 government here has done
+cqDYGioUPCI-02058-00462367-00462614 this year um and i think this is just
+cqDYGioUPCI-02059-00462615-00462759 amazing um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02060-00462760-00463079 i don't usually um praise politicians so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02061-00463080-00463183 i usually almost never praise
+cqDYGioUPCI-02062-00463184-00463295 politicians but
+cqDYGioUPCI-02063-00463296-00463527 um our current health minister has
+cqDYGioUPCI-02064-00463528-00463718 really thrown a lot of money at
+cqDYGioUPCI-02065-00463719-00464070 genetics and genomics and he has
+cqDYGioUPCI-02066-00464071-00464295 um got onto the well not just he
+cqDYGioUPCI-02067-00464296-00464470 personally just does go through a very
+cqDYGioUPCI-02068-00464471-00464839 stringent um panel process and approval
+cqDYGioUPCI-02069-00464839-00464918 process
+cqDYGioUPCI-02070-00464919-00465175 but genomes are now on the medicare
+cqDYGioUPCI-02071-00465176-00465263 schedule
+cqDYGioUPCI-02072-00465264-00465631 now gep is unable to order them
+cqDYGioUPCI-02073-00465632-00465918 these really are the remit of clinical
+cqDYGioUPCI-02074-00465919-00466127 geneticists
+cqDYGioUPCI-02075-00466128-00466366 so but clinical geneticists are able to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02076-00466367-00466455 order
+cqDYGioUPCI-02077-00466456-00466791 uh testing um for children
+cqDYGioUPCI-02078-00466792-00467110 who have major structural abnormalities
+cqDYGioUPCI-02079-00467112-00467407 um and what we call dysmorphic features
+cqDYGioUPCI-02080-00467408-00467518 so that's
+cqDYGioUPCI-02081-00467519-00467670 that's usually facial features that are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02082-00467671-00467863 suggestive of a particular syndrome
+cqDYGioUPCI-02083-00467864-00467999 or out of keeping with their family
+cqDYGioUPCI-02084-00468000-00468175 background
+cqDYGioUPCI-02085-00468176-00468343 and the other big group of people are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02086-00468343-00468559 children with intellectual disability
+cqDYGioUPCI-02087-00468560-00468822 or moderate to severe developmental
+cqDYGioUPCI-02088-00468823-00469031 delay
+cqDYGioUPCI-02089-00469032-00469222 and so this being on the medicare
+cqDYGioUPCI-02090-00469223-00469431 schedule now that makes this test much
+cqDYGioUPCI-02091-00469432-00469575 more accessible
+cqDYGioUPCI-02092-00469576-00469863 um to to doctors to be able to order so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02093-00469864-00469959 previously while they
+cqDYGioUPCI-02094-00469960-00470127 thought i might like to be able to order
+cqDYGioUPCI-02095-00470128-00470287 it and i can't because the hospital
+cqDYGioUPCI-02096-00470288-00470470 budget won't let me or
+cqDYGioUPCI-02097-00470471-00470591 my patients private and they can't
+cqDYGioUPCI-02098-00470592-00470847 afford it now the commonwealth
+cqDYGioUPCI-02099-00470847-00470975 government is
+cqDYGioUPCI-02100-00470976-00471113 allowing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02101-00471114-00471287 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-02102-00471288-00471470 that test to occur and they will pick up
+cqDYGioUPCI-02103-00471471-00471807 the tab pediatricians can order it
+cqDYGioUPCI-02104-00471808-00471991 but they need to do so in consultation
+cqDYGioUPCI-02105-00471992-00472151 with the clinical geneticist
+cqDYGioUPCI-02106-00472152-00472470 and that's the exact wording of the mbs
+cqDYGioUPCI-02107-00472471-00472583 and what that actually means
+cqDYGioUPCI-02108-00472584-00472679 consultation with the clinical
+cqDYGioUPCI-02109-00472680-00472783 geneticists
+cqDYGioUPCI-02110-00472784-00473151 we're all a bit uncertain but certainly
+cqDYGioUPCI-02111-00473152-00473327 pediatricians and clinical geneticists
+cqDYGioUPCI-02112-00473328-00473495 are currently working closely together
+cqDYGioUPCI-02113-00473496-00473583 to try and
+cqDYGioUPCI-02114-00473584-00473935 define that post hoc
+cqDYGioUPCI-02115-00473935-00474335 how might you in general practice
+cqDYGioUPCI-02116-00474335-00474703 encounter a possible pediatric condition
+cqDYGioUPCI-02117-00474704-00474991 well the main presentation is probably
+cqDYGioUPCI-02118-00474992-00475422 going to be developmental delay
+cqDYGioUPCI-02119-00475423-00475622 rarely you might have a child that's got
+cqDYGioUPCI-02120-00475623-00475727 some sort of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02121-00475728-00476175 strange disease of a isolated organ
+cqDYGioUPCI-02122-00476176-00476335 but it's unlikely that you're going to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02123-00476335-00476679 start ordering genetic tests in those
+cqDYGioUPCI-02124-00476680-00476966 situations but the other thing that i've
+cqDYGioUPCI-02125-00476967-00477110 certainly seen and i've had a number of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02126-00477112-00477231 gps
+cqDYGioUPCI-02127-00477232-00477518 said my way over the years is where
+cqDYGioUPCI-02128-00477519-00477718 there's a genetic conditions popped up
+cqDYGioUPCI-02129-00477719-00477918 in the family either an apparent or even
+cqDYGioUPCI-02130-00477919-00478151 a more distant relative and the child's
+cqDYGioUPCI-02131-00478152-00478239 dragged along
+cqDYGioUPCI-02132-00478239-00478510 by their hair um the parent requesting
+cqDYGioUPCI-02133-00478512-00478783 that the child's tested
+cqDYGioUPCI-02134-00478784-00478991 so i'll just a few quick words on
+cqDYGioUPCI-02135-00478992-00479143 developmental delay
+cqDYGioUPCI-02136-00479143-00479351 and i won't tell you guys how to do your
+cqDYGioUPCI-02137-00479352-00479503 job because this is bread and butter for
+cqDYGioUPCI-02138-00479504-00479622 you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02139-00479623-00479943 but you know developmental delay
+cqDYGioUPCI-02140-00479943-00480166 really is a part of the normal spectrum
+cqDYGioUPCI-02141-00480167-00480310 isn't it
+cqDYGioUPCI-02142-00480312-00480622 so some people develop at a more
+cqDYGioUPCI-02143-00480623-00480718 advanced
+cqDYGioUPCI-02144-00480719-00481055 break than others and other and so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02145-00481056-00481407 a lot of what you do in general practice
+cqDYGioUPCI-02146-00481408-00481622 in those first years of life with
+cqDYGioUPCI-02147-00481623-00481718 children
+cqDYGioUPCI-02148-00481719-00482031 is monitoring their development um and
+cqDYGioUPCI-02149-00482032-00482343 i guess trying to work out when is it
+cqDYGioUPCI-02150-00482343-00482655 a normal development normal
+cqDYGioUPCI-02151-00482656-00482783 developmental delay
+cqDYGioUPCI-02152-00482784-00483022 or when is it something that's a bit
+cqDYGioUPCI-02153-00483023-00483183 more sinister
+cqDYGioUPCI-02154-00483184-00483310 and things that might make you think
+cqDYGioUPCI-02155-00483312-00483487 that it's a bit more sinister
+cqDYGioUPCI-02156-00483488-00483735 is if um the development stagnates so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02157-00483735-00483910 it's not going forward at all
+cqDYGioUPCI-02158-00483912-00484159 even worse if it regresses developmental
+cqDYGioUPCI-02159-00484160-00484303 regression is a terrible thing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02160-00484304-00484487 and it's associated with probably
+cqDYGioUPCI-02161-00484488-00484935 variably disastrous diagnosis
+cqDYGioUPCI-02162-00484935-00485159 the reason developmental delay is an
+cqDYGioUPCI-02163-00485160-00485343 important thing to be screening is
+cqDYGioUPCI-02164-00485343-00485439 because
+cqDYGioUPCI-02165-00485439-00485591 it's the first clue that an intellectual
+cqDYGioUPCI-02166-00485592-00485791 impairment might be present
+cqDYGioUPCI-02167-00485792-00485999 by intellectual impairment will include
+cqDYGioUPCI-02168-00486000-00486175 autism in that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02169-00486176-00486366 now intellectual impairment can have
+cqDYGioUPCI-02170-00486367-00486518 many many causes
+cqDYGioUPCI-02171-00486519-00486662 um and there are many single gene
+cqDYGioUPCI-02172-00486663-00486855 disorders that can cause
+cqDYGioUPCI-02173-00486856-00487231 intellectual impairment um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02174-00487232-00487631 but uh often it's a polygenic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02175-00487632-00487855 um condition so it's not just a single
+cqDYGioUPCI-02176-00487856-00487991 genetic variant
+cqDYGioUPCI-02177-00487992-00488207 um there could be multiple genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02178-00488208-00488303 variants
+cqDYGioUPCI-02179-00488304-00488510 which come together in the one person
+cqDYGioUPCI-02180-00488512-00488679 that's causing impairment and our next
+cqDYGioUPCI-02181-00488680-00488831 generation sequencing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02182-00488832-00488991 technologies show promising that we
+cqDYGioUPCI-02183-00488992-00489103 might be able to look at different
+cqDYGioUPCI-02184-00489104-00489239 variants and see how they come together
+cqDYGioUPCI-02185-00489239-00489351 in a person
+cqDYGioUPCI-02186-00489352-00489583 um to predispose to intellectual
+cqDYGioUPCI-02187-00489584-00489759 impairment and that can be environmental
+cqDYGioUPCI-02188-00489760-00489807 of course
+cqDYGioUPCI-02189-00489808-00490014 as well so we talked about
+cqDYGioUPCI-02190-00490015-00490151 phenylketonuria
+cqDYGioUPCI-02191-00490152-00490375 you neuropino ketone neuro before so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02192-00490376-00490527 that's um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02193-00490528-00490718 can be an example of the environmental
+cqDYGioUPCI-02194-00490719-00490870 cause of intellectual impairment
+cqDYGioUPCI-02195-00490871-00491070 if the mother has high levels of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02196-00491071-00491214 phenylalanine that it
+cqDYGioUPCI-02197-00491215-00491495 interferes with the development of her
+cqDYGioUPCI-02198-00491496-00491727 of a fetus's brain
+cqDYGioUPCI-02199-00491728-00491966 fetal alcohol syndrome another common
+cqDYGioUPCI-02200-00491967-00492110 cause unfortunately
+cqDYGioUPCI-02201-00492112-00492343 of intellectual impairment that's of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02202-00492343-00492479 environmental
+cqDYGioUPCI-02203-00492480-00492807 in nature so the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02204-00492808-00493062 role of the general practitioner is to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02205-00493063-00493222 continue with that great screening that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02206-00493223-00493335 you do
+cqDYGioUPCI-02207-00493335-00493535 but i think you do have an important
+cqDYGioUPCI-02208-00493535-00493666 role in commencing baseline
+cqDYGioUPCI-02209-00493667-00493799 investigations
+cqDYGioUPCI-02210-00493800-00493983 before referring to a pediatric
+cqDYGioUPCI-02211-00493984-00494135 pediatric assessment
+cqDYGioUPCI-02212-00494135-00494303 um and i think that's an advantageous to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02213-00494304-00494495 the family
+cqDYGioUPCI-02214-00494496-00494591 because if you know what the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02215-00494592-00494807 pediatrician is going to order
+cqDYGioUPCI-02216-00494808-00495007 and say to the family okay have these
+cqDYGioUPCI-02217-00495008-00495127 tests and come back and see me in a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02218-00495128-00495231 couple of months
+cqDYGioUPCI-02219-00495232-00495543 then why not do the test first and that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02220-00495543-00495743 sort of takes away one step of that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02221-00495743-00495910 diagnostic odyssey for that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02222-00495912-00496247 family and so tests that you might
+cqDYGioUPCI-02223-00496247-00496407 that you should be ordering for a child
+cqDYGioUPCI-02224-00496408-00496503 that you're concerned about the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02225-00496504-00496575 development
+cqDYGioUPCI-02226-00496576-00496822 the first is a chromosome microarray and
+cqDYGioUPCI-02227-00496823-00497031 i will actually go back to the poll here
+cqDYGioUPCI-02228-00497032-00497199 you can see i've got a couple of quite a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02229-00497200-00497366 few questions that have come through
+cqDYGioUPCI-02230-00497367-00497559 um so i better leave myself enough time
+cqDYGioUPCI-02231-00497560-00497695 to come to those
+cqDYGioUPCI-02232-00497696-00498014 um but going back to the live poll who
+cqDYGioUPCI-02233-00498015-00498462 here has ordered a chromosome microarray
+cqDYGioUPCI-02234-00498463-00498903 so going back going to your poll um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02235-00498904-00499095 what i'd like to know is who's ordered a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02236-00499096-00499327 chromosome microarray
+cqDYGioUPCI-02237-00499328-00499679 yes or no um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02238-00499680-00499903 the other test volts will wait for those
+cqDYGioUPCI-02239-00499904-00500039 answers to come through
+cqDYGioUPCI-02240-00500039-00500351 the other couple of tests that you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02241-00500352-00500455 should be doing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02242-00500456-00500631 for a basic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02243-00500632-00500862 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-02244-00500863-00501047 screen for developmental delay are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02245-00501047-00501287 fragile x studies
+cqDYGioUPCI-02246-00501288-00501591 fragile x is the most common monogenetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02247-00501592-00501927 uh condition that causes um intellectual
+cqDYGioUPCI-02248-00501928-00502062 impairment
+cqDYGioUPCI-02249-00502063-00502214 and although it's excellent it can
+cqDYGioUPCI-02250-00502215-00502383 affect females as well
+cqDYGioUPCI-02251-00502384-00502791 so you um so don't just do it if you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02252-00502792-00502975 if your patient's male it should be
+cqDYGioUPCI-02253-00502976-00503222 undertaken on both males and females
+cqDYGioUPCI-02254-00503223-00503559 and then thinking of thinking broadly
+cqDYGioUPCI-02255-00503560-00503718 undertake a little bit of biochemistry
+cqDYGioUPCI-02256-00503719-00503975 as well so thyroid function tests
+cqDYGioUPCI-02257-00503976-00504239 although we screen for hypothyroidism
+cqDYGioUPCI-02258-00504239-00504407 the hyper
+cqDYGioUPCI-02259-00504408-00504607 the screen test actually only screens
+cqDYGioUPCI-02260-00504608-00504814 for congenital absence of the thyroid
+cqDYGioUPCI-02261-00504815-00505014 so if it's a central problem there's a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02262-00505015-00505191 pituitary problem that will be missed so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02263-00505192-00505327 you should still do thyroid function
+cqDYGioUPCI-02264-00505328-00505518 tests
+cqDYGioUPCI-02265-00505519-00505670 and then i would always do just do some
+cqDYGioUPCI-02266-00505671-00505855 baseline biochemistry
+cqDYGioUPCI-02267-00505856-00506351 um and um a full blood examination
+cqDYGioUPCI-02268-00506352-00506527 um before i move on the slide i haven't
+cqDYGioUPCI-02269-00506528-00506679 got anyone who said they've
+cqDYGioUPCI-02270-00506680-00506903 ever ordered a chromosome microarray yet
+cqDYGioUPCI-02271-00506904-00507062 so i don't know if that's if no one has
+cqDYGioUPCI-02272-00507063-00507279 or no one's answered
+cqDYGioUPCI-02273-00507280-00507462 so we'll keep going in the interest of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02274-00507463-00507639 time so what is this chromosome
+cqDYGioUPCI-02275-00507639-00507759 microarray
+cqDYGioUPCI-02276-00507760-00507910 well basically it's a very high
+cqDYGioUPCI-02277-00507912-00508231 resolution chromosome analysis
+cqDYGioUPCI-02278-00508232-00508783 so previously where a chromosome
+cqDYGioUPCI-02279-00508784-00508943 test was really looking down quite
+cqDYGioUPCI-02280-00508943-00509207 crudely under the microscope
+cqDYGioUPCI-02281-00509208-00509399 or down the microscope at the at the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02282-00509400-00509518 chromosomes
+cqDYGioUPCI-02283-00509519-00509710 what a microarray does is it doesn't
+cqDYGioUPCI-02284-00509712-00509879 physically look at it but basically
+cqDYGioUPCI-02285-00509880-00510087 chops up the chromosomes into small
+cqDYGioUPCI-02286-00510088-00510359 parts small stretches of dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-02287-00510360-00510679 and then hybridizes that what we call
+cqDYGioUPCI-02288-00510680-00510814 test dna against
+cqDYGioUPCI-02289-00510815-00511151 a control dna
+cqDYGioUPCI-02290-00511152-00511414 and so there's a couple of ways that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02291-00511415-00511551 this can be done
+cqDYGioUPCI-02292-00511552-00511870 but basically this what happens then is
+cqDYGioUPCI-02293-00511871-00512031 the amount of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02294-00512032-00512247 test dna is measured and so you can have
+cqDYGioUPCI-02295-00512247-00512439 too much test dna which would
+cqDYGioUPCI-02296-00512439-00512662 indicate that there's something like a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02297-00512663-00512862 duplication or a triplication of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02298-00512863-00513103 genetic material or not enough which is
+cqDYGioUPCI-02299-00513104-00513239 a deletion
+cqDYGioUPCI-02300-00513239-00513559 and so these are looking beyond the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02301-00513560-00513695 resolution
+cqDYGioUPCI-02302-00513696-00513966 of the naked eye down to a resolution of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02303-00513967-00514103 about 200
+cqDYGioUPCI-02304-00514104-00514391 200 000 base pair level and there are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02305-00514392-00514599 quite a number of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02306-00514600-00514862 syndromes and genetic conditions caused
+cqDYGioUPCI-02307-00514863-00515014 by micro deletions and
+cqDYGioUPCI-02308-00515015-00515343 duplications now this test alone has a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02309-00515343-00515399 pickup rate
+cqDYGioUPCI-02310-00515400-00515670 of about 5 to 15 percent of cases in
+cqDYGioUPCI-02311-00515671-00515831 individuals with developmental delay or
+cqDYGioUPCI-02312-00515832-00515975 intellectual impairment so it's a pretty
+cqDYGioUPCI-02313-00515976-00516118 useful test to do
+cqDYGioUPCI-02314-00516119-00516270 and certainly one which is on the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02315-00516271-00516559 medicare schedule and one that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02316-00516560-00516895 if you know you're worried about your
+cqDYGioUPCI-02317-00516896-00517255 child or your patient's child that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02318-00517256-00517559 i would be encouraging you to order
+cqDYGioUPCI-02319-00517560-00517887 um now that five to 15 actually goes up
+cqDYGioUPCI-02320-00517888-00518031 if there are other
+cqDYGioUPCI-02321-00518032-00518222 features present so if the child looks a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02322-00518223-00518383 little unusual has to do snorflick
+cqDYGioUPCI-02323-00518384-00518503 features or this congenital
+cqDYGioUPCI-02324-00518504-00518622 malformations
+cqDYGioUPCI-02325-00518623-00518743 in which case they're probably already
+cqDYGioUPCI-02326-00518743-00518983 under pediatric care
+cqDYGioUPCI-02327-00518984-00519183 then the chance of finding a micro
+cqDYGioUPCI-02328-00519184-00519359 chromosome aberration increases so this
+cqDYGioUPCI-02329-00519360-00519559 is a simple test that can be done
+cqDYGioUPCI-02330-00519560-00519870 in the gp practice of yet
+cqDYGioUPCI-02331-00519871-00520062 as yet i've still not had anyone say
+cqDYGioUPCI-02332-00520063-00520222 they've ordered a chromosome microarray
+cqDYGioUPCI-02333-00520223-00520487 so we'll keep moving on
+cqDYGioUPCI-02334-00520488-00520799 now unfortunately just like with next
+cqDYGioUPCI-02335-00520800-00521022 generation sequencing results
+cqDYGioUPCI-02336-00521023-00521262 the result may not necessarily be
+cqDYGioUPCI-02337-00521263-00521455 clear-cut
+cqDYGioUPCI-02338-00521456-00521622 and we use a similar grading scheme of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02339-00521623-00521759 pathogenicity for
+cqDYGioUPCI-02340-00521760-00521918 chromosomal conditions as we do for
+cqDYGioUPCI-02341-00521919-00522095 single gene disorders
+cqDYGioUPCI-02342-00522096-00522335 so at the two ends it's either clearly
+cqDYGioUPCI-02343-00522335-00522575 normal or clearly abnormal
+cqDYGioUPCI-02344-00522576-00522791 and then in between it could be likely
+cqDYGioUPCI-02345-00522792-00523014 benign likely pathogenic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02346-00523015-00523262 or it could be of unknown significance
+cqDYGioUPCI-02347-00523263-00523375 now this
+cqDYGioUPCI-02348-00523376-00523670 has deterred people especially when this
+cqDYGioUPCI-02349-00523671-00523887 technology first was rolled out
+cqDYGioUPCI-02350-00523888-00524014 from doing the test they didn't really
+cqDYGioUPCI-02351-00524015-00524207 want to get back a report saying
+cqDYGioUPCI-02352-00524208-00524335 we've done the tests we don't know what
+cqDYGioUPCI-02353-00524336-00524566 it means because
+cqDYGioUPCI-02354-00524567-00524814 obviously you're not too sure how to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02355-00524815-00524935 communicate that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02356-00524936-00525207 to parents but these results such
+cqDYGioUPCI-02357-00525208-00525422 results are becoming
+cqDYGioUPCI-02358-00525423-00525847 less common i might say or if they are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02359-00525848-00526087 coming about then we know we've got more
+cqDYGioUPCI-02360-00526088-00526287 experience in how to deal with it so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02361-00526288-00526583 i would argue that you are better off
+cqDYGioUPCI-02362-00526584-00526695 doing the test and having some
+cqDYGioUPCI-02363-00526696-00527143 information than no information at all
+cqDYGioUPCI-02364-00527144-00527503 the other piece of information that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02365-00527504-00527695 chromosome microarrays can uncover and i
+cqDYGioUPCI-02366-00527696-00527831 just mentioned this because if you do
+cqDYGioUPCI-02367-00527832-00527966 order it you might
+cqDYGioUPCI-02368-00527967-00528431 find this and wonder what it is is um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02369-00528432-00528679 stretches of homozygosity so this there
+cqDYGioUPCI-02370-00528680-00528887 are two types of microarrays so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02371-00528888-00529127 one's called a array cgh you have this
+cqDYGioUPCI-02372-00529128-00529303 called a snip
+cqDYGioUPCI-02373-00529304-00529470 and so array sniper rays which are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02374-00529471-00529711 probably the more common platform now
+cqDYGioUPCI-02375-00529712-00529935 can uncover this stretches of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02376-00529936-00530070 homozygosity
+cqDYGioUPCI-02377-00530071-00530247 what that's basically telling you is
+cqDYGioUPCI-02378-00530248-00530503 that the child looks to have inherited
+cqDYGioUPCI-02379-00530504-00530695 two parts of a chromosome from the one
+cqDYGioUPCI-02380-00530696-00530911 parent
+cqDYGioUPCI-02381-00530912-00531262 now that can be diagnostic if we're
+cqDYGioUPCI-02382-00531263-00531559 testing for developmental delay because
+cqDYGioUPCI-02383-00531560-00531799 uni parental diasomia where two
+cqDYGioUPCI-02384-00531800-00532022 copies come from one parent is a feature
+cqDYGioUPCI-02385-00532023-00532199 of a number of conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-02386-00532200-00532366 in the the textbook case which you're
+cqDYGioUPCI-02387-00532367-00532559 probably aware of all cases
+cqDYGioUPCI-02388-00532560-00532766 uh angelman syndrome and prada woodley
+cqDYGioUPCI-02389-00532767-00532870 syndrome
+cqDYGioUPCI-02390-00532871-00533327 of chromosome 15 q11
+cqDYGioUPCI-02391-00533328-00533527 and so that's one of the the powerful
+cqDYGioUPCI-02392-00533528-00533703 diagnostic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02393-00533704-00534014 capabilities of sniper arrays um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02394-00534015-00534214 but you might get a long contiguous
+cqDYGioUPCI-02395-00534215-00534399 stretch of homozygosity
+cqDYGioUPCI-02396-00534400-00534543 and these pop up every now and then you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02397-00534544-00534718 might find that a child
+cqDYGioUPCI-02398-00534719-00535111 has got random stretches of homozygosity
+cqDYGioUPCI-02399-00535112-00535303 um across the genome you know in the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02400-00535304-00535470 order of seven percent of the of the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02401-00535471-00535535 genome
+cqDYGioUPCI-02402-00535536-00535766 this is completely unexpected so if the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02403-00535767-00535935 parents were consanguinous then
+cqDYGioUPCI-02404-00535936-00536159 you know you'd expect to find some
+cqDYGioUPCI-02405-00536160-00536335 contiguous stretches of homozygosity
+cqDYGioUPCI-02406-00536336-00536462 because you know that there's common
+cqDYGioUPCI-02407-00536463-00536583 ancestor there
+cqDYGioUPCI-02408-00536584-00536862 where the same alleles tracking down
+cqDYGioUPCI-02409-00536863-00537007 through each side of the family will
+cqDYGioUPCI-02410-00537008-00537183 come together in the one child
+cqDYGioUPCI-02411-00537184-00537639 but we find it where there's no known
+cqDYGioUPCI-02412-00537640-00537927 consanguinity and so that can um be a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02413-00537928-00538231 bit of a surprise at times
+cqDYGioUPCI-02414-00538232-00538422 this here is an example of a report i'm
+cqDYGioUPCI-02415-00538423-00538559 not sure if that comes across on your
+cqDYGioUPCI-02416-00538560-00538655 screen
+cqDYGioUPCI-02417-00538656-00538983 at all um and this is what i would
+cqDYGioUPCI-02418-00538984-00539287 um call quite a conservative report
+cqDYGioUPCI-02419-00539288-00539503 now it's pretty wordy i'll grant you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02420-00539504-00539607 that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02421-00539608-00539775 but if you just break it down into its
+cqDYGioUPCI-02422-00539776-00539959 core
+cqDYGioUPCI-02423-00539960-00540151 elements it just gives what the clinical
+cqDYGioUPCI-02424-00540152-00540407 indication was
+cqDYGioUPCI-02425-00540408-00540735 we're told what the abnormality is so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02426-00540736-00540862 here we've got
+cqDYGioUPCI-02427-00540863-00541183 a small so 973
+cqDYGioUPCI-02428-00541184-00541503 kilo base or that's a thousand bases
+cqDYGioUPCI-02429-00541504-00541799 a deletion at chromosome q11 now the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02430-00541800-00542014 next bit of information
+cqDYGioUPCI-02431-00542015-00542191 is important for someone like me where
+cqDYGioUPCI-02432-00542192-00542351 it gives me the exact genomic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02433-00542352-00542487 coordinates
+cqDYGioUPCI-02434-00542488-00542822 for that bit of chromosome deletion
+cqDYGioUPCI-02435-00542823-00542935 that's gone missing and why that's
+cqDYGioUPCI-02436-00542936-00542983 important
+cqDYGioUPCI-02437-00542984-00543335 is that allows me to go and look at a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02438-00543336-00543495 number of databases to see what other
+cqDYGioUPCI-02439-00543496-00543614 people around the world
+cqDYGioUPCI-02440-00543615-00543951 have reported on that particular
+cqDYGioUPCI-02441-00543952-00544070 deletion but it's not something you're
+cqDYGioUPCI-02442-00544071-00544239 likely to do in general practice
+cqDYGioUPCI-02443-00544240-00544359 you're hoping that the lab's done that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02444-00544360-00544711 hard work for you and indeed they have
+cqDYGioUPCI-02445-00544712-00544966 and that's where the the gene content uh
+cqDYGioUPCI-02446-00544967-00545166 part with the green arrows pointing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02447-00545167-00545535 so it tells you the uh the extent of the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02448-00545536-00545591 deletion
+cqDYGioUPCI-02449-00545592-00545831 and what genes are involved now it tells
+cqDYGioUPCI-02450-00545832-00545951 us here that this is known as
+cqDYGioUPCI-02451-00545952-00546231 acceptability for developmental delay
+cqDYGioUPCI-02452-00546232-00546639 um give some literature there telling us
+cqDYGioUPCI-02453-00546640-00546903 um you know who's who's told us that and
+cqDYGioUPCI-02454-00546904-00546975 why
+cqDYGioUPCI-02455-00546976-00547166 so you can go to the literature and find
+cqDYGioUPCI-02456-00547167-00547287 out
+cqDYGioUPCI-02457-00547288-00547591 what's the um what's see evidence behind
+cqDYGioUPCI-02458-00547592-00547695 that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02459-00547696-00547991 but what really amuses me i guess about
+cqDYGioUPCI-02460-00547992-00548135 this particular report and i won't say
+cqDYGioUPCI-02461-00548136-00548287 which layer it comes from
+cqDYGioUPCI-02462-00548288-00548470 is the conclusion down the bottom which
+cqDYGioUPCI-02463-00548471-00548711 says the clinical significance of this
+cqDYGioUPCI-02464-00548712-00548862 copy number change is currently
+cqDYGioUPCI-02465-00548863-00549031 uncertain so it's called a variant of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02466-00549032-00549199 unknown significance
+cqDYGioUPCI-02467-00549200-00549399 now that's not very helpful i have to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02468-00549400-00549575 say
+cqDYGioUPCI-02469-00549576-00549743 it's also recommending that you look at
+cqDYGioUPCI-02470-00549744-00549879 the parents
+cqDYGioUPCI-02471-00549880-00550031 and they frequently do that in this
+cqDYGioUPCI-02472-00550032-00550207 situation when you've got a variant of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02473-00550208-00550383 unknown significance
+cqDYGioUPCI-02474-00550384-00550566 and the reason they do that is to see if
+cqDYGioUPCI-02475-00550567-00550791 it comes from mum or dad
+cqDYGioUPCI-02476-00550792-00551103 and at one point in time we used to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02477-00551104-00551231 think well if mum's normal
+cqDYGioUPCI-02478-00551232-00551479 and she's got it that it's probably not
+cqDYGioUPCI-02479-00551480-00551783 going to be anything significant
+cqDYGioUPCI-02480-00551784-00552118 but as the report itself states this
+cqDYGioUPCI-02481-00552119-00552455 is a susceptibility micro deletion
+cqDYGioUPCI-02482-00552456-00552718 so it you know in and of itself does not
+cqDYGioUPCI-02483-00552719-00552927 cause developmental delay
+cqDYGioUPCI-02484-00552928-00553159 just having it there uh increases the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02485-00553160-00553239 chances
+cqDYGioUPCI-02486-00553240-00553439 so this is contributing i would argue to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02487-00553440-00553591 the patient's clinical
+cqDYGioUPCI-02488-00553592-00553918 picture it's not um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02489-00553919-00554143 telling us the whole story and i would
+cqDYGioUPCI-02490-00554144-00554247 actually question
+cqDYGioUPCI-02491-00554248-00554495 um the the value of testing the parents
+cqDYGioUPCI-02492-00554496-00554679 because if you test a normal parent
+cqDYGioUPCI-02493-00554680-00554927 then that doesn't give you any further
+cqDYGioUPCI-02494-00554928-00555022 information
+cqDYGioUPCI-02495-00555023-00555207 if the parent itself has got some
+cqDYGioUPCI-02496-00555208-00555351 intellectual issues some learning
+cqDYGioUPCI-02497-00555352-00555431 difficulties
+cqDYGioUPCI-02498-00555432-00555566 and they've got the variant then i guess
+cqDYGioUPCI-02499-00555567-00555870 that could support
+cqDYGioUPCI-02500-00555871-00556062 the conclusion that it is contributing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02501-00556063-00556239 to an intellectual impairment in this
+cqDYGioUPCI-02502-00556240-00556503 family
+cqDYGioUPCI-02503-00556504-00556855 um but don't let that put you off from
+cqDYGioUPCI-02504-00556856-00557031 ordering a chromosomal query
+cqDYGioUPCI-02505-00557032-00557262 and according to my slido poll so far
+cqDYGioUPCI-02506-00557263-00557422 still no one's ordered a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02507-00557423-00557911 chromosome microarray so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02508-00557912-00558135 most cases if you get a find an
+cqDYGioUPCI-02509-00558136-00558279 abnormality on your microarray then
+cqDYGioUPCI-02510-00558280-00558375 that's going to be the cause for your
+cqDYGioUPCI-02511-00558376-00558655 pathology so it is a very useful test
+cqDYGioUPCI-02512-00558656-00559007 now rarely um we do uncover chromosome
+cqDYGioUPCI-02513-00559008-00559103 rearrangements
+cqDYGioUPCI-02514-00559104-00559335 um that involve other genes and which
+cqDYGioUPCI-02515-00559336-00559407 might have other
+cqDYGioUPCI-02516-00559408-00559607 health implications and again in the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02517-00559608-00559791 early days this
+cqDYGioUPCI-02518-00559792-00559943 turned off a lot of people from ordering
+cqDYGioUPCI-02519-00559944-00560118 a microarray they were just scared about
+cqDYGioUPCI-02520-00560119-00560279 what they might uncover
+cqDYGioUPCI-02521-00560280-00560439 so for instance if you've got a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02522-00560440-00560599 chromosome deletion which takes out a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02523-00560600-00560759 tremor suppression gene
+cqDYGioUPCI-02524-00560760-00560903 then you might have a child with an
+cqDYGioUPCI-02525-00560904-00561239 increased chance of cancer in adulthood
+cqDYGioUPCI-02526-00561240-00561399 if it takes out something like a sodium
+cqDYGioUPCI-02527-00561400-00561599 ion channel then that might predispose
+cqDYGioUPCI-02528-00561600-00561791 to a cardiac dysrhythmia and so this was
+cqDYGioUPCI-02529-00561792-00561855 information
+cqDYGioUPCI-02530-00561856-00561991 people are saying well these are you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02531-00561992-00562151 know potentially adult onset conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-02532-00562152-00562270 i don't want to be testing a child for
+cqDYGioUPCI-02533-00562271-00562447 that we won't order it
+cqDYGioUPCI-02534-00562448-00562822 and so it took quite a while to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02535-00562823-00562983 convince in particular the general
+cqDYGioUPCI-02536-00562984-00563111 pediatricians that they need to be
+cqDYGioUPCI-02537-00563112-00563287 ordering microarrays rather than
+cqDYGioUPCI-02538-00563288-00563599 a g-bended karyotype um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02539-00563600-00563807 but as people got comfortable with this
+cqDYGioUPCI-02540-00563808-00563975 test it got
+cqDYGioUPCI-02541-00563976-00564303 ordered a lot more and the the option of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02542-00564304-00564399 advanced karyotype
+cqDYGioUPCI-02543-00564400-00564614 was by and large taken away from people
+cqDYGioUPCI-02544-00564615-00564703 um because
+cqDYGioUPCI-02545-00564704-00564887 because the diagnostic ability of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02546-00564888-00565031 microarray is so much greater than a g
+cqDYGioUPCI-02547-00565032-00565135 better karyotype
+cqDYGioUPCI-02548-00565136-00565327 if you ask for a chromosome test you'll
+cqDYGioUPCI-02549-00565328-00565479 get a microarray
+cqDYGioUPCI-02550-00565480-00565687 which surprises me that still no one has
+cqDYGioUPCI-02551-00565688-00565822 said they've ordered a microarray so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02552-00565823-00565927 i'll
+cqDYGioUPCI-02553-00565928-00566399 stop harping on about that question um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02554-00566400-00566527 i do mention all this because i think
+cqDYGioUPCI-02555-00566528-00566703 it's probably worth mentioning if only
+cqDYGioUPCI-02556-00566704-00566855 you're passing to the family
+cqDYGioUPCI-02557-00566856-00567135 look we're doing this chromosome test to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02558-00567136-00567287 look to see if the packaging of the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02559-00567288-00567414 genes
+cqDYGioUPCI-02560-00567415-00567718 for your child is intact if it's not it
+cqDYGioUPCI-02561-00567719-00567775 might be
+cqDYGioUPCI-02562-00567776-00568079 a explanation
+cqDYGioUPCI-02563-00568080-00568439 for the issues we're seeing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02564-00568440-00568670 occasionally these tests these tests are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02565-00568671-00568807 very powerful and occasionally they find
+cqDYGioUPCI-02566-00568808-00568927 things that we're not expecting
+cqDYGioUPCI-02567-00568928-00569070 but we'll cross that bridge if we come
+cqDYGioUPCI-02568-00569071-00569279 to it so i don't think you need to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02569-00569280-00569518 you well you can't um prime some of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02570-00569519-00569599 every
+cqDYGioUPCI-02571-00569600-00570070 possibility but i think it's um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02572-00570071-00570351 you know polite at the very least um to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02573-00570352-00570527 get some sort of informed consent to say
+cqDYGioUPCI-02574-00570528-00570807 that you know we might find something
+cqDYGioUPCI-02575-00570808-00571062 the other condition i've recommend you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02576-00571063-00571262 testifies fragile x syndrome
+cqDYGioUPCI-02577-00571263-00571439 as i said it's the most common single
+cqDYGioUPCI-02578-00571440-00571622 gene disorder that causes intellectual
+cqDYGioUPCI-02579-00571623-00571703 impairment
+cqDYGioUPCI-02580-00571704-00572007 affects boys and girls um so don't just
+cqDYGioUPCI-02581-00572008-00572127 test your boys
+cqDYGioUPCI-02582-00572128-00572303 it belongs to this class of diseases
+cqDYGioUPCI-02583-00572304-00572518 cause triplet repeat
+cqDYGioUPCI-02584-00572519-00572814 caused by a triplet repeat so you'll
+cqDYGioUPCI-02585-00572815-00572951 recall that the genetic code
+cqDYGioUPCI-02586-00572952-00573262 is made up of triplets and that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02587-00573263-00573527 a normal part of the number of genes
+cqDYGioUPCI-02588-00573528-00573695 there's a repeating triplet so in the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02589-00573696-00573910 case of fragile x
+cqDYGioUPCI-02590-00573911-00574327 it's a cgg cgg cgg
+cqDYGioUPCI-02591-00574328-00574631 and as that if that expands then that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02592-00574632-00574814 couldn't cause pathology
+cqDYGioUPCI-02593-00574815-00575110 now these triplet repeats are not picked
+cqDYGioUPCI-02594-00575111-00575318 up by microarray or unlikely
+cqDYGioUPCI-02595-00575319-00575470 very unlikely picked up by microarray
+cqDYGioUPCI-02596-00575471-00575599 they're below the resolution of a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02597-00575600-00575847 chromosome microarray
+cqDYGioUPCI-02598-00575848-00576022 and because they're repeating elements
+cqDYGioUPCI-02599-00576023-00576191 um they're not
+cqDYGioUPCI-02600-00576192-00576414 picked up by and large by next
+cqDYGioUPCI-02601-00576415-00576591 generation sequencing either
+cqDYGioUPCI-02602-00576592-00576743 and simply because that if you recall
+cqDYGioUPCI-02603-00576744-00576918 that next generation sequencing relies
+cqDYGioUPCI-02604-00576919-00576966 on
+cqDYGioUPCI-02605-00576967-00577207 aligning a genome to reference genome
+cqDYGioUPCI-02606-00577208-00577366 and if you've got a genome that repeats
+cqDYGioUPCI-02607-00577367-00577535 then you're not entirely sure what part
+cqDYGioUPCI-02608-00577536-00577766 of those repeating genomes being aligned
+cqDYGioUPCI-02609-00577767-00578047 and so um it's there are there are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02610-00578048-00578199 advanced technologies which are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02611-00578200-00578439 looking uh very well they can overcome
+cqDYGioUPCI-02612-00578440-00578535 that problem
+cqDYGioUPCI-02613-00578536-00578727 but they're not routine so fragile x
+cqDYGioUPCI-02614-00578728-00579062 needs to be ordered separately
+cqDYGioUPCI-02615-00579063-00579359 as i mentioned single organ disease in
+cqDYGioUPCI-02616-00579360-00579462 in primary care
+cqDYGioUPCI-02617-00579463-00579710 is not something that you'd be rushing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02618-00579711-00580055 in and doing genetic testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02619-00580056-00580303 what you as a general practitioner are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02620-00580304-00580518 doing is trying to work out
+cqDYGioUPCI-02621-00580519-00580751 you know is a is a presentation
+cqDYGioUPCI-02622-00580752-00580847 something serious
+cqDYGioUPCI-02623-00580848-00581143 or not so if a child has a recurrent
+cqDYGioUPCI-02624-00581144-00581270 chest infections
+cqDYGioUPCI-02625-00581271-00581414 or wheeze are you just dealing with
+cqDYGioUPCI-02626-00581415-00581575 childhood asthma or you're dealing with
+cqDYGioUPCI-02627-00581576-00581766 immunodeficiency
+cqDYGioUPCI-02628-00581767-00582047 if they're talking about a racing heart
+cqDYGioUPCI-02629-00582048-00582135 you know are they
+cqDYGioUPCI-02630-00582136-00582414 you know worried about their new school
+cqDYGioUPCI-02631-00582415-00582495 or is it a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02632-00582496-00582695 serious cardiac is rhythmia so you know
+cqDYGioUPCI-02633-00582696-00582855 these are um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02634-00582856-00583191 um lofty questions which i'm you know
+cqDYGioUPCI-02635-00583192-00583431 glad i don't face on a daily on a daily
+cqDYGioUPCI-02636-00583432-00583527 basis
+cqDYGioUPCI-02637-00583528-00583847 um but certainly when you start erring
+cqDYGioUPCI-02638-00583848-00584007 towards something that is serious then
+cqDYGioUPCI-02639-00584008-00584247 those children get referred to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02640-00584248-00584583 a specialist in that field and with
+cqDYGioUPCI-02641-00584584-00584791 mainstreaming mob genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-02642-00584792-00585047 individual specialists are now very
+cqDYGioUPCI-02643-00585048-00585103 literate
+cqDYGioUPCI-02644-00585104-00585495 in the genomics of their own specialty
+cqDYGioUPCI-02645-00585496-00585799 and so we find that the sub-specialists
+cqDYGioUPCI-02646-00585800-00586135 are very adept at ordering gene tests
+cqDYGioUPCI-02647-00586136-00586366 within their specialty and interpreting
+cqDYGioUPCI-02648-00586367-00586727 those tests so i'd leave it to them
+cqDYGioUPCI-02649-00586728-00587014 if people do you know bring their child
+cqDYGioUPCI-02650-00587015-00587087 along
+cqDYGioUPCI-02651-00587088-00587239 um thinking like they're not quite right
+cqDYGioUPCI-02652-00587240-00587455 can we just do a gene wellness screen
+cqDYGioUPCI-02653-00587456-00587622 i'll i'd caution against that and we'll
+cqDYGioUPCI-02654-00587623-00587870 talk about this more next
+cqDYGioUPCI-02655-00587871-00588047 week with directed consumer testing but
+cqDYGioUPCI-02656-00588048-00588231 these tests tend to be
+cqDYGioUPCI-02657-00588232-00588575 a little bit of nonsense
+cqDYGioUPCI-02658-00588576-00588966 um finally we spoke about the child
+cqDYGioUPCI-02659-00588967-00589022 being
+cqDYGioUPCI-02660-00589023-00589151 dragged along by the hair into the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02661-00589152-00589375 general practitioner being concerned
+cqDYGioUPCI-02662-00589376-00589527 that the child has a genetic condition
+cqDYGioUPCI-02663-00589528-00589727 and that could be
+cqDYGioUPCI-02664-00589728-00590047 that they that parent themselves has
+cqDYGioUPCI-02665-00590048-00590303 been diagnosed with a genetic condition
+cqDYGioUPCI-02666-00590304-00590510 or a more distant family
+cqDYGioUPCI-02667-00590511-00590895 member now parents as you know can be
+cqDYGioUPCI-02668-00590896-00591014 quite um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02669-00591015-00591239 forthright not requesting this even to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02670-00591240-00591407 the point of demanding that their minor
+cqDYGioUPCI-02671-00591408-00591607 be tested
+cqDYGioUPCI-02672-00591608-00591903 and it does pay just remember that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02673-00591904-00592070 parents are biologically programmed to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02674-00592071-00592222 be concerned for their child to care for
+cqDYGioUPCI-02675-00592223-00592470 their child to look after their child
+cqDYGioUPCI-02676-00592471-00592710 and so whilst it can be quite
+cqDYGioUPCI-02677-00592711-00592814 confronting to have
+cqDYGioUPCI-02678-00592815-00593118 in that situation it is a part of the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02679-00593119-00593462 parental biology when looking at a child
+cqDYGioUPCI-02680-00593463-00593647 who is otherwise normal and the parents
+cqDYGioUPCI-02681-00593648-00593743 asking for
+cqDYGioUPCI-02682-00593744-00593999 a test to be undertaken there are two
+cqDYGioUPCI-02683-00594000-00594214 types of testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02684-00594215-00594366 the first is called pre-symptomatic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02685-00594367-00594639 tests so pre-symptomatic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02686-00594640-00594903 is referring to conditions that if you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02687-00594904-00594991 have the variant
+cqDYGioUPCI-02688-00594992-00595343 you will get the condition so the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02689-00595344-00595535 adult onset neurodegenerative conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-02690-00595536-00595814 huntington disease being the most common
+cqDYGioUPCI-02691-00595815-00595983 are the ones for which we undertake
+cqDYGioUPCI-02692-00595984-00596207 pre-symptomatic testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02693-00596208-00596518 the other
+cqDYGioUPCI-02694-00596519-00596807 test is called a predictive test so and
+cqDYGioUPCI-02695-00596808-00596855 it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-02696-00596856-00597039 a bit of a misnomer i have to say but
+cqDYGioUPCI-02697-00597040-00597199 that's that's what the literature causes
+cqDYGioUPCI-02698-00597200-00597335 the predictive test
+cqDYGioUPCI-02699-00597336-00597647 and so it's looking at variants that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02700-00597648-00597951 increase the predisposition for
+cqDYGioUPCI-02701-00597952-00598127 an adult onset condition and these tend
+cqDYGioUPCI-02702-00598128-00598351 to be mainly your cancer ones
+cqDYGioUPCI-02703-00598352-00598639 so if you've got a mutation or a variant
+cqDYGioUPCI-02704-00598640-00598807 in a tumor suppressor gene
+cqDYGioUPCI-02705-00598808-00598951 then you're at increased risk of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02706-00598952-00599110 developing cancer you're actually
+cqDYGioUPCI-02707-00599111-00599287 quite a high risk of developing cancer
+cqDYGioUPCI-02708-00599288-00599462 but it's not guaranteed
+cqDYGioUPCI-02709-00599463-00599735 so predict so test that pre-symptomatic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02710-00599736-00599799 testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02711-00599800-00600047 of this nature just to differentiate
+cqDYGioUPCI-02712-00600048-00600103 them
+cqDYGioUPCI-02713-00600104-00600566 are called predictive tests
+cqDYGioUPCI-02714-00600567-00600951 now the thing about predictive testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02715-00600952-00601270 is that because
+cqDYGioUPCI-02716-00601271-00601622 not everyone with the mutation inherits
+cqDYGioUPCI-02717-00601623-00601822 the condition
+cqDYGioUPCI-02718-00601823-00602062 if a child was brought along because
+cqDYGioUPCI-02719-00602063-00602303 auntie lisa
+cqDYGioUPCI-02720-00602304-00602575 has the bracket mutation and i want my
+cqDYGioUPCI-02721-00602576-00602799 15 year old daughter to be tested for it
+cqDYGioUPCI-02722-00602800-00603279 just because the mother herself
+cqDYGioUPCI-02723-00603280-00603559 aunty lisa's sister doesn't have breast
+cqDYGioUPCI-02724-00603560-00603655 cancer
+cqDYGioUPCI-02725-00603656-00603799 you can't be reassuring you can't say
+cqDYGioUPCI-02726-00603800-00603927 well you don't have breast ovarian
+cqDYGioUPCI-02727-00603928-00604166 cancer therefore your daughter
+cqDYGioUPCI-02728-00604167-00604622 is at risk and we won't test her because
+cqDYGioUPCI-02729-00604623-00604807 of this phenomenon of non-penetrance
+cqDYGioUPCI-02730-00604808-00604951 where a person can
+cqDYGioUPCI-02731-00604952-00605279 inherit the variant and
+cqDYGioUPCI-02732-00605280-00605487 not yet or not at all develop the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02733-00605488-00605771 condition we can't be that reassuring
+cqDYGioUPCI-02734-00605772-00606118 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-02735-00606119-00606327 as a rule of thumb with pre-symptomatic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02736-00606328-00606470 and predictive testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02737-00606471-00606710 we don't do it in minors simple as that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02738-00606711-00606791 so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02739-00606792-00607183 um if you if you have trouble
+cqDYGioUPCI-02740-00607184-00607566 um getting that message across to to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02741-00607567-00607822 very forceful parents then you'd be feel
+cqDYGioUPCI-02742-00607823-00608270 free to refer them onto genetic service
+cqDYGioUPCI-02743-00608271-00608470 the main reasons we do that is because
+cqDYGioUPCI-02744-00608471-00608647 really it violates those very core
+cqDYGioUPCI-02745-00608648-00608703 principle
+cqDYGioUPCI-02746-00608704-00608966 of medical ethics dealing with minors
+cqDYGioUPCI-02747-00608967-00609159 who don't have capacity consent
+cqDYGioUPCI-02748-00609160-00609327 so we're violating their autonomy we're
+cqDYGioUPCI-02749-00609328-00609479 forcing upon them a test that they might
+cqDYGioUPCI-02750-00609480-00609510 not
+cqDYGioUPCI-02751-00609511-00609687 necessarily want to have themselves as
+cqDYGioUPCI-02752-00609688-00609895 an adult and so we want them to come of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02753-00609896-00610087 age so they can make a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02754-00610088-00610391 mature and fully informed decision um is
+cqDYGioUPCI-02755-00610392-00610518 it something they want to know do they
+cqDYGioUPCI-02756-00610519-00610655 need to get their insurance
+cqDYGioUPCI-02757-00610656-00610799 in order for instance before they have
+cqDYGioUPCI-02758-00610800-00611022 such a test you don't want to take those
+cqDYGioUPCI-02759-00611023-00611199 decisions away from them by forcing them
+cqDYGioUPCI-02760-00611200-00611422 to have a test in childhood
+cqDYGioUPCI-02761-00611423-00611599 usually the test doesn't result in any
+cqDYGioUPCI-02762-00611600-00611766 good
+cqDYGioUPCI-02763-00611767-00612079 and indeed it can cause harm so if you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02764-00612080-00612222 tell a 15 year old girl that you're at
+cqDYGioUPCI-02765-00612223-00612351 high risk of having breast cancer and
+cqDYGioUPCI-02766-00612352-00612566 she's just watched your auntie lisa die
+cqDYGioUPCI-02767-00612567-00612775 a terrible death from breast cancer that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02768-00612776-00612887 can of course
+cqDYGioUPCI-02769-00612888-00613031 be associated with significant
+cqDYGioUPCI-02770-00613032-00613262 psychological morbidity
+cqDYGioUPCI-02771-00613263-00613422 so we always want to wait until the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02772-00613423-00613655 child reaches maturity themselves
+cqDYGioUPCI-02773-00613656-00613887 there are a couple of exceptions to that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02774-00613888-00614007 predictive testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02775-00614008-00614310 um can be undertaken if
+cqDYGioUPCI-02776-00614311-00614647 the condition is
+cqDYGioUPCI-02777-00614648-00614870 is childhood onset and especially if
+cqDYGioUPCI-02778-00614871-00615003 it's an intervention so something like
+cqDYGioUPCI-02779-00615004-00615151 retinoblastoma
+cqDYGioUPCI-02780-00615152-00615431 um for instance that's not 100 penetrant
+cqDYGioUPCI-02781-00615432-00615599 but we will offer testing to young
+cqDYGioUPCI-02782-00615600-00615670 children
+cqDYGioUPCI-02783-00615671-00615862 who are at risk of retinoblastoma
+cqDYGioUPCI-02784-00615863-00616014 mutation because
+cqDYGioUPCI-02785-00616015-00616383 we would actively
+cqDYGioUPCI-02786-00616384-00616718 surveil them for that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02787-00616719-00616951 eye tumor and potentially save their
+cqDYGioUPCI-02788-00616952-00617399 lives
+cqDYGioUPCI-02789-00617400-00617703 and then occasionally if it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-02790-00617704-00617959 a condition that's of a childhood onset
+cqDYGioUPCI-02791-00617960-00618095 but you can't intervene
+cqDYGioUPCI-02792-00618096-00618262 we'll test for that too so an example
+cqDYGioUPCI-02793-00618263-00618487 that might be retinitis pigmentosa
+cqDYGioUPCI-02794-00618488-00618687 where children can go or adults for that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02795-00618688-00618870 matter can go slowly blind
+cqDYGioUPCI-02796-00618871-00619014 you might want to know if that genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02797-00619015-00619279 predispositions positions there
+cqDYGioUPCI-02798-00619280-00619647 to in order for their
+cqDYGioUPCI-02799-00619648-00619814 eyesight to be monitored in the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02800-00619815-00620039 classroom
+cqDYGioUPCI-02801-00620040-00620343 okay so just in summary genomics allows
+cqDYGioUPCI-02802-00620344-00620487 us to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02803-00620488-00620710 analyze all the dna not just one gene at
+cqDYGioUPCI-02804-00620711-00620743 a time
+cqDYGioUPCI-02805-00620744-00620862 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-02806-00620863-00621095 it provides fantastic opportunities
+cqDYGioUPCI-02807-00621096-00621199 we're able to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02808-00621200-00621399 to screen for recessive conditions and
+cqDYGioUPCI-02809-00621400-00621551 this empowers
+cqDYGioUPCI-02810-00621552-00621870 our patients by providing them choices
+cqDYGioUPCI-02811-00621871-00622127 to avoid having offspring with serious
+cqDYGioUPCI-02812-00622128-00622510 life-living inherited disease
+cqDYGioUPCI-02813-00622511-00622791 the applications of this technology is
+cqDYGioUPCI-02814-00622792-00622927 broadening
+cqDYGioUPCI-02815-00622928-00623055 the number of conditions that we are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02816-00623056-00623247 able to screen for so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02817-00623248-00623407 those rare things that we wouldn't even
+cqDYGioUPCI-02818-00623408-00623551 think about screenings will be
+cqDYGioUPCI-02819-00623552-00623807 for before are now you know we're now
+cqDYGioUPCI-02820-00623808-00623895 able to test for
+cqDYGioUPCI-02821-00623896-00624062 quite easily because it's all part of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02822-00624063-00624207 the one test
+cqDYGioUPCI-02823-00624208-00624439 for people who are already affected with
+cqDYGioUPCI-02824-00624440-00624599 disorders diagnosis becoming
+cqDYGioUPCI-02825-00624600-00624807 easier and faster and this is especially
+cqDYGioUPCI-02826-00624808-00625095 the case in rare diseases
+cqDYGioUPCI-02827-00625096-00625383 we're still learning as we go so you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02828-00625384-00625422 know
+cqDYGioUPCI-02829-00625423-00625647 we do get concerned about finding these
+cqDYGioUPCI-02830-00625648-00625791 variants of uncertain significance or
+cqDYGioUPCI-02831-00625792-00625999 unknown significance
+cqDYGioUPCI-02832-00626000-00626199 but unless we look and find things and
+cqDYGioUPCI-02833-00626200-00626391 get to get the data then
+cqDYGioUPCI-02834-00626392-00626559 you know we're not going to be able to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02835-00626560-00626775 make unknown or uncertain significance
+cqDYGioUPCI-02836-00626776-00627055 into known significance so we are still
+cqDYGioUPCI-02837-00627056-00627191 on a bit of a learning trajectory but i
+cqDYGioUPCI-02838-00627192-00627422 don't think that should
+cqDYGioUPCI-02839-00627423-00627679 hinder us from or put us off from us
+cqDYGioUPCI-02840-00627680-00627999 from ordering genetic tests
+cqDYGioUPCI-02841-00628000-00628159 i'm pleased to see that funding of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02842-00628160-00628383 testing is catching up to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02843-00628384-00628703 to where the technology is still got a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02844-00628704-00628910 bit of a way to go but we're
+cqDYGioUPCI-02845-00628911-00629047 very fortunate in australia and we're
+cqDYGioUPCI-02846-00629048-00629375 coming um ahead quite nicely
+cqDYGioUPCI-02847-00629376-00629535 and so that equity of access for our
+cqDYGioUPCI-02848-00629536-00629679 patients um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02849-00629680-00629935 is is a very important issue and so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02850-00629936-00630095 they're if they're not wealthy enough to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02851-00630096-00630279 all of these tests pay for these tests
+cqDYGioUPCI-02852-00630280-00630510 themselves then
+cqDYGioUPCI-02853-00630511-00630639 we're i'm very hopeful that the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02854-00630640-00630855 government will be able to to support
+cqDYGioUPCI-02855-00630856-00631062 people
+cqDYGioUPCI-02856-00631063-00631399 so with that i'll
+cqDYGioUPCI-02857-00631400-00631751 stop talking one thing um which i'll
+cqDYGioUPCI-02858-00631752-00632118 um i'll actually get i'll circulate
+cqDYGioUPCI-02859-00632119-00632335 for people who are in queensland is how
+cqDYGioUPCI-02860-00632336-00632455 to how to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02861-00632456-00632679 get into how to how to refer your
+cqDYGioUPCI-02862-00632680-00632887 patients to your local genetic service
+cqDYGioUPCI-02863-00632888-00633166 so i didn't do a slide on this but in
+cqDYGioUPCI-02864-00633167-00633303 queensland we do have a statewide
+cqDYGioUPCI-02865-00633304-00633399 service
+cqDYGioUPCI-02866-00633400-00633527 it's based at the royal brisbane
+cqDYGioUPCI-02867-00633528-00633710 hospital metro north
+cqDYGioUPCI-02868-00633711-00633862 and if you just hop onto their website
+cqDYGioUPCI-02869-00633863-00634095 you'll and through the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02870-00634096-00634335 refer a patient link you'll quickly find
+cqDYGioUPCI-02871-00634336-00634622 a referral
+cqDYGioUPCI-02872-00634623-00634991 web page where you can refer online
+cqDYGioUPCI-02873-00634992-00635327 that's a public service and that's a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02874-00635328-00635495 statewide service so whilst it's based
+cqDYGioUPCI-02875-00635496-00635583 in brisbane
+cqDYGioUPCI-02876-00635584-00635766 they do all their specific pediatric
+cqDYGioUPCI-02877-00635767-00635903 work at the children queensland
+cqDYGioUPCI-02878-00635904-00636014 children's hospital
+cqDYGioUPCI-02879-00636015-00636295 then they do regional clinics townsville
+cqDYGioUPCI-02880-00636296-00636455 cairns makai
+cqDYGioUPCI-02881-00636456-00636847 rockhampton toowoomba primarily
+cqDYGioUPCI-02882-00636848-00637062 and depending on the nature of the issue
+cqDYGioUPCI-02883-00637063-00637207 that your patient has they might not
+cqDYGioUPCI-02884-00637208-00637431 necessarily see a doctor
+cqDYGioUPCI-02885-00637432-00637743 it's maybe an issue that a genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-02886-00637744-00637903 counselor is very
+cqDYGioUPCI-02887-00637904-00638175 adept at handling under the supervision
+cqDYGioUPCI-02888-00638176-00638375 of a clinical geneticist
+cqDYGioUPCI-02889-00638376-00638655 there are a couple of private players in
+cqDYGioUPCI-02890-00638656-00638759 town not many
+cqDYGioUPCI-02891-00638760-00639103 but there are only two now i think based
+cqDYGioUPCI-02892-00639104-00639207 in brisbane
+cqDYGioUPCI-02893-00639208-00639503 um who i'm happy to give you their
+cqDYGioUPCI-02894-00639504-00639599 details
+cqDYGioUPCI-02895-00639600-00639814 if you'd like to contact me but i won't
+cqDYGioUPCI-02896-00639815-00639951 advertise
+cqDYGioUPCI-02897-00639952-00640366 tonight okay
+cqDYGioUPCI-02898-00640367-00640639 so what i'll do now is i saw a few
+cqDYGioUPCI-02899-00640640-00641087 slider questions come through as i was
+cqDYGioUPCI-02900-00641088-00641431 talking and i don't know if my helpful
+cqDYGioUPCI-02901-00641432-00642407 sabrina's there
+cqDYGioUPCI-02902-00642408-00642683 question answers here we go okay i found
+cqDYGioUPCI-02903-00642684-00642831 them
+cqDYGioUPCI-02904-00642832-00643166 so good evening mike um what is the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02905-00643167-00643287 viewpoint of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02906-00643288-00643535 the public genetics service of direct to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02907-00643536-00643647 consumer testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02908-00643648-00643822 that's a very good question so this is
+cqDYGioUPCI-02909-00643823-00643975 the topic for next week's
+cqDYGioUPCI-02910-00643976-00644151 webinar so director of consumer testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02911-00644152-00644462 is where patients hop online
+cqDYGioUPCI-02912-00644463-00644743 or it can be ordered through another
+cqDYGioUPCI-02913-00644744-00644895 provider such as a pharmacy or a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02914-00644896-00645143 naturopath
+cqDYGioUPCI-02915-00645144-00645559 the a lot of the direct consumer testing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02916-00645560-00645831 is the data that they provides not
+cqDYGioUPCI-02917-00645832-00645927 quality
+cqDYGioUPCI-02918-00645928-00646247 and so um they
+cqDYGioUPCI-02919-00646248-00646407 i think it's be fair to say the public
+cqDYGioUPCI-02920-00646408-00646679 genetic service has a a poor opinion
+cqDYGioUPCI-02921-00646680-00646935 now that's not to say all of it is a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02922-00646936-00646999 poor
+cqDYGioUPCI-02923-00647000-00647247 um you know is a poor result that you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02924-00647248-00647366 might get from such a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02925-00647367-00647543 service but the things that you might
+cqDYGioUPCI-02926-00647544-00647735 get from them is um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02927-00647736-00647959 your genetic profile predicts that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02928-00647960-00648151 you're at 1.3
+cqDYGioUPCI-02929-00648152-00648343 times relative risk of developing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02930-00648344-00648479 outside of the syndrome
+cqDYGioUPCI-02931-00648480-00648647 which isn't very helpful you know that's
+cqDYGioUPCI-02932-00648648-00648799 something that you know someone might go
+cqDYGioUPCI-02933-00648800-00648959 home and lose a lot of sleep over
+cqDYGioUPCI-02934-00648960-00649191 thinking that they're at a high risk of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02935-00649192-00649351 dealing alzheimer's disease when their
+cqDYGioUPCI-02936-00649352-00649607 baseline risk is pretty small
+cqDYGioUPCI-02937-00649608-00649759 and then 1.3 times a small number
+cqDYGioUPCI-02938-00649760-00649943 they're still at a small risk
+cqDYGioUPCI-02939-00649944-00650095 but we'll talk about more about that
+cqDYGioUPCI-02940-00650096-00650287 next week if that's okay mike
+cqDYGioUPCI-02941-00650288-00650670 uh chi hong good evening for adults
+cqDYGioUPCI-02942-00650671-00650927 um other indications for testing the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02943-00650928-00651118 family history of what other family
+cqDYGioUPCI-02944-00651119-00651262 a lot of the indications for testing for
+cqDYGioUPCI-02945-00651263-00651487 family history of melanomas
+cqDYGioUPCI-02946-00651488-00651799 um or family history bowel cancer
+cqDYGioUPCI-02947-00651800-00652439 polyps so melanoma is a difficult one
+cqDYGioUPCI-02948-00652440-00652814 simply because in in queensland we are
+cqDYGioUPCI-02949-00652815-00652943 the melanoma capital of
+cqDYGioUPCI-02950-00652944-00653213 of the world and so um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02951-00653214-00653359 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-02952-00653360-00653662 um melanoma is very common
+cqDYGioUPCI-02953-00653663-00653935 and so you and then and so it's i
+cqDYGioUPCI-02954-00653936-00654039 suppose it's not that common to have a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02955-00654040-00654127 family history
+cqDYGioUPCI-02956-00654128-00654247 but certainly i think that having a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02957-00654248-00654462 family history would be considered a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02958-00654463-00654575 potential
+cqDYGioUPCI-02959-00654576-00654887 indication for having a genetic test
+cqDYGioUPCI-02960-00654888-00655231 one of the um issues about melanoma is
+cqDYGioUPCI-02961-00655232-00655375 you always ask about
+cqDYGioUPCI-02962-00655376-00655639 bowel cancers and bowel polyps with
+cqDYGioUPCI-02963-00655640-00655758 melanomas the
+cqDYGioUPCI-02964-00655759-00656007 surveillance really is um
+cqDYGioUPCI-02965-00656008-00656207 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-02966-00656208-00656399 good dermatological screening so it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-02967-00656400-00656518 not it's not like there's a polyp in
+cqDYGioUPCI-02968-00656519-00656655 there that you can go
+cqDYGioUPCI-02969-00656656-00656927 go cut out and so for someone who's at a
+cqDYGioUPCI-02970-00656928-00657031 high risk
+cqDYGioUPCI-02971-00657032-00657239 um we'd be sort of saying the same thing
+cqDYGioUPCI-02972-00657240-00657335 we say to
+cqDYGioUPCI-02973-00657336-00657470 everybody who lives in queensland
+cqDYGioUPCI-02974-00657471-00657655 anyways you know slip slop slap
+cqDYGioUPCI-02975-00657656-00657918 avoid the sun cover up well if you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02976-00657919-00658087 notice any suspicious lesions get it
+cqDYGioUPCI-02977-00658088-00658295 seen to you early so
+cqDYGioUPCI-02978-00658296-00658503 um whilst genetic testing for
+cqDYGioUPCI-02979-00658504-00658599 predisposition
+cqDYGioUPCI-02980-00658600-00658999 to melanoma is there it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-02981-00659000-00659175 not as valuable as genetic testing for
+cqDYGioUPCI-02982-00659176-00659366 other cancer conditions
+cqDYGioUPCI-02983-00659367-00659479 but certainly if you've got more than
+cqDYGioUPCI-02984-00659480-00659607 one individual especially if they're
+cqDYGioUPCI-02985-00659608-00659758 first-degree relatives of melanoma i
+cqDYGioUPCI-02986-00659759-00659910 think that would be a good reason
+cqDYGioUPCI-02987-00659911-00660175 to consider genetic testing whether you
+cqDYGioUPCI-02988-00660176-00660310 use that information to test other
+cqDYGioUPCI-02989-00660311-00660431 family members
+cqDYGioUPCI-02990-00660432-00660775 and the value of that is questionable
+cqDYGioUPCI-02991-00660776-00661062 similarly bowel cancers and polyps
+cqDYGioUPCI-02992-00661063-00661279 there's no one indication so what our
+cqDYGioUPCI-02993-00661280-00661599 counselors do is they
+cqDYGioUPCI-02994-00661600-00661831 look at a whole heap of data so they
+cqDYGioUPCI-02995-00661832-00661999 look at who in the families have bowel
+cqDYGioUPCI-02996-00662000-00662151 cancer what age did they get bowel
+cqDYGioUPCI-02997-00662152-00662358 cancer what type of polyps have they got
+cqDYGioUPCI-02998-00662359-00662578 how many polyps have they got
+cqDYGioUPCI-02999-00662579-00662695 [Music]
+cqDYGioUPCI-03000-00662696-00663014 who's had things like carcinoma in situ
+cqDYGioUPCI-03001-00663015-00663207 removed and take a very comprehensive
+cqDYGioUPCI-03002-00663208-00663358 family history and they
+cqDYGioUPCI-03003-00663359-00663566 actually validate as many diagnosis as
+cqDYGioUPCI-03004-00663567-00663735 possible so that's a lot of work that
+cqDYGioUPCI-03005-00663736-00663807 they undertake
+cqDYGioUPCI-03006-00663808-00663975 i'm getting consent to look into
+cqDYGioUPCI-03007-00663976-00664127 people's medical records getting those
+cqDYGioUPCI-03008-00664128-00664270 medical records
+cqDYGioUPCI-03009-00664271-00664566 and only with all that information um
+cqDYGioUPCI-03010-00664567-00664679 can
+cqDYGioUPCI-03011-00664680-00665047 you make a valid um judgment as to
+cqDYGioUPCI-03012-00665048-00665110 what's
+cqDYGioUPCI-03013-00665111-00665510 you know an indication for testing for
+cqDYGioUPCI-03014-00665511-00665791 bowel cancer having said that genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-03015-00665792-00665935 is changing how we
+cqDYGioUPCI-03016-00665936-00666127 are working and so if i'm sitting there
+cqDYGioUPCI-03017-00666128-00666262 in private practice and i've got a
+cqDYGioUPCI-03018-00666263-00666335 patient
+cqDYGioUPCI-03019-00666336-00666558 who's say 55 has had bowel cancer his
+cqDYGioUPCI-03020-00666559-00666670 grandfather's had
+cqDYGioUPCI-03021-00666671-00666822 bowel cancer and he goes i want to know
+cqDYGioUPCI-03022-00666823-00667047 if this is genetic i'd say to him
+cqDYGioUPCI-03023-00667048-00667351 sure let's do it um you know if you're
+cqDYGioUPCI-03024-00667352-00667518 happy to pay the couple of thousand
+cqDYGioUPCI-03025-00667519-00667775 dollars for a next generation screen
+cqDYGioUPCI-03026-00667776-00668103 absolutely and so all that um
+cqDYGioUPCI-03027-00668104-00668335 i guess triaging of information that you
+cqDYGioUPCI-03028-00668336-00668479 know took up a lot of time in the public
+cqDYGioUPCI-03029-00668480-00668543 sector
+cqDYGioUPCI-03030-00668544-00668703 and i imagine we'll take up less time
+cqDYGioUPCI-03031-00668704-00668822 the public sector as we put our
+cqDYGioUPCI-03032-00668823-00668983 resources into actual testing rather
+cqDYGioUPCI-03033-00668984-00669070 than working out
+cqDYGioUPCI-03034-00669071-00669295 who should be testing we're going to be
+cqDYGioUPCI-03035-00669296-00669375 seeing a lot more
+cqDYGioUPCI-03036-00669376-00669703 a lot more of these tests um so that's a
+cqDYGioUPCI-03037-00669704-00669839 bit of a bit of a
+cqDYGioUPCI-03038-00669840-00670007 work in progress but certainly if you go
+cqDYGioUPCI-03039-00670008-00670151 to the public system so
+cqDYGioUPCI-03040-00670152-00670414 um they they you know still have to work
+cqDYGioUPCI-03041-00670415-00670622 out where they spend their money
+cqDYGioUPCI-03042-00670623-00670879 uh kristen asks how sensitive is the sex
+cqDYGioUPCI-03043-00670880-00671062 chromosome testing in nipt
+cqDYGioUPCI-03044-00671063-00671199 uh very sensitive i don't have the
+cqDYGioUPCI-03045-00671200-00671335 numbers on the top of my head but it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-03046-00671336-00671462 in the 90s
+cqDYGioUPCI-03047-00671463-00671679 um so certainly uh sensitivity and
+cqDYGioUPCI-03048-00671680-00671831 specificity for sex chromosome and
+cqDYGioUPCI-03049-00671832-00671966 employee
+cqDYGioUPCI-03050-00671967-00672310 is good um so but everything outside sex
+cqDYGioUPCI-03051-00672311-00672639 chromosome and employee and 13
+cqDYGioUPCI-03052-00672640-00672999 21 and 18 it's not so good
+cqDYGioUPCI-03053-00673000-00673327 um
+cqDYGioUPCI-03054-00673328-00673647 mike again as generic testing improves
+cqDYGioUPCI-03055-00673648-00673783 over time when would you consider
+cqDYGioUPCI-03056-00673784-00673991 re-testing for a patient
+cqDYGioUPCI-03057-00673992-00674151 with a possible undiagnosed genetic
+cqDYGioUPCI-03058-00674152-00674407 disorder mike you ask the best questions
+cqDYGioUPCI-03059-00674408-00674670 so this is actually built into that
+cqDYGioUPCI-03060-00674671-00674799 medicare schedule
+cqDYGioUPCI-03061-00674800-00675103 so if we do
+cqDYGioUPCI-03062-00675104-00675407 um sequence all the genes it could be
+cqDYGioUPCI-03063-00675408-00675718 and don't find anything it could be that
+cqDYGioUPCI-03064-00675719-00675983 we just don't know how to interpret the
+cqDYGioUPCI-03065-00675984-00676062 data
+cqDYGioUPCI-03066-00676063-00676239 and so there's actually a medicare item
+cqDYGioUPCI-03067-00676240-00676439 to reanalyze that data
+cqDYGioUPCI-03068-00676440-00676591 and i think i'd have to go back but i
+cqDYGioUPCI-03069-00676592-00676735 think it has to be within five years of
+cqDYGioUPCI-03070-00676736-00676814 the original
+cqDYGioUPCI-03071-00676815-00677127 test five years is generally
+cqDYGioUPCI-03072-00677128-00677455 a good turnaround time a good
+cqDYGioUPCI-03073-00677456-00677766 break between doing testing um
+cqDYGioUPCI-03074-00677767-00677999 so we've seen that along the way with
+cqDYGioUPCI-03075-00678000-00678166 all of our tests really so
+cqDYGioUPCI-03076-00678167-00678287 you know back in the old days when we
+cqDYGioUPCI-03077-00678288-00678422 just did a chromosome test it's normal
+cqDYGioUPCI-03078-00678423-00678543 come back in five years
+cqDYGioUPCI-03079-00678544-00678695 then we had fish testing that's normal
+cqDYGioUPCI-03080-00678696-00678943 come back in five years then we had
+cqDYGioUPCI-03081-00678944-00679103 microarray testing come back in five
+cqDYGioUPCI-03082-00679104-00679335 years then we might have a couple of
+cqDYGioUPCI-03083-00679336-00679527 gene disorders that we can test for no
+cqDYGioUPCI-03084-00679528-00679687 that's normal come back in five years
+cqDYGioUPCI-03085-00679688-00679935 now we're doing chromosome whole genome
+cqDYGioUPCI-03086-00679936-00680014 sequencing
+cqDYGioUPCI-03087-00680015-00680191 so i think we're still at that five year
+cqDYGioUPCI-03088-00680192-00680399 mark and certainly if my memory of that
+cqDYGioUPCI-03089-00680400-00680551 medicare scheduled something new so i
+cqDYGioUPCI-03090-00680552-00680791 haven't committed it to memory mic but
+cqDYGioUPCI-03091-00680792-00680966 five years is a good time to start you
+cqDYGioUPCI-03092-00680967-00681110 know if we haven't found an answer let's
+cqDYGioUPCI-03093-00681111-00681503 look at this again
+cqDYGioUPCI-03094-00681504-00681735 so it's not so much so technology
+cqDYGioUPCI-03095-00681736-00681887 improves so the actual mechanics of how
+cqDYGioUPCI-03096-00681888-00681975 we're sequencing
+cqDYGioUPCI-03097-00681976-00682175 that doesn't improve but what's actually
+cqDYGioUPCI-03098-00682176-00682327 more important in arguably is the
+cqDYGioUPCI-03099-00682328-00682447 bioinformatics
+cqDYGioUPCI-03100-00682448-00682735 is our ability to to get into that data
+cqDYGioUPCI-03101-00682736-00682903 or get into those sequencing
+cqDYGioUPCI-03102-00682904-00683143 um and and and find those changes so
+cqDYGioUPCI-03103-00683144-00683351 that's that's where we're making lots of
+cqDYGioUPCI-03104-00683352-00683655 lots of um um
+cqDYGioUPCI-03105-00683656-00684070 progress so
+cqDYGioUPCI-03106-00684071-00684391 my time's up so thanks everyone for
+cqDYGioUPCI-03107-00684392-00684822 participating tonight um i will um
+cqDYGioUPCI-03108-00684823-00685022 god i do have a little test for you it's
+cqDYGioUPCI-03109-00685023-00685151 it's nothing that you have to
+cqDYGioUPCI-03110-00685152-00685287 it's not homework you have to hand back
+cqDYGioUPCI-03111-00685288-00685439 into me but i do encourage you to take a
+cqDYGioUPCI-03112-00685440-00685503 little
+cqDYGioUPCI-03113-00685504-00685670 formative test and we'll email you that
+cqDYGioUPCI-03114-00685671-00685918 link um tomorrow the next day
+cqDYGioUPCI-03115-00685919-00686310 um for you to undertake a test to
+cqDYGioUPCI-03116-00686311-00686470 consolidate the things you've learned
+cqDYGioUPCI-03117-00686471-00686783 and um i've also provided resources so
+cqDYGioUPCI-03118-00686784-00686927 if you've got any questions on
+cqDYGioUPCI-03119-00686928-00687143 topics they are there for you to to
+cqDYGioUPCI-03120-00687144-00687255 follow up on
+cqDYGioUPCI-03121-00687256-00687551 and again slido is going to be live for
+cqDYGioUPCI-03122-00687552-00687710 us i believe
+cqDYGioUPCI-03123-00687711-00687855 and so i'll keep an eye on it if
+cqDYGioUPCI-03124-00687856-00687999 questions come through we can
+cqDYGioUPCI-03125-00688000-00688087 incorporate those
+cqDYGioUPCI-03126-00688088-00688383 in the next webinars the next one being
+cqDYGioUPCI-03127-00688384-00688551 on the 21st of october which is
+cqDYGioUPCI-03128-00688552-00688735 adult conditions and direct to consumer
+cqDYGioUPCI-03129-00688736-00688927 testing and the one after that on cancer
+cqDYGioUPCI-03130-00688928-00689062 genomics
+cqDYGioUPCI-03131-00689063-00689470 which is on the 11th of november
+cqDYGioUPCI-03132-00689471-00689687 so good night everyone and thanks for
+cqDYGioUPCI-03133-00689688-00690159 your attention tonight
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00000-00000000-00000316 hello my name is Lauren Richards welcome
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00001-00000317-00000532 to how to make relationship work YouTube
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00002-00000533-00000698 channel where we give you all the
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00003-00000699-00000896 valuable information you need to take
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00004-00000897-00001102 your relationship to the next level
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00005-00001103-00001358 subscribe and press the notification
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00006-00001359-00001660 bell to never miss any of our video 14
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00007-00001661-00001859 simple tips for building a healthy
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00008-00001860-00002198 relationship not all relationships start
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00009-00002199-00002492 out on great terms you may be happy at
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00010-00002493-00002690 first and then after that honeymoon
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00011-00002691-00002950 phase ends you are left struggling to
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00012-00002951-00003197 keep things together but if you annually
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00013-00003198-00003422 care about that person we want to know
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00014-00003422-00003650 how to make your relationships longer so
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00015-00003651-00003931 it can last you are not alone in feeling
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00016-00003932-00004217 this a lot of people have to work hard
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00017-00004218-00004438 to figure out how to grow as a couple
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00018-00004439-00004694 relationships are hard work in general
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00019-00004695-00004934 the fact that you are trying and putting
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00020-00004935-00005108 forth an effort to make things better
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00021-00005109-00005474 already show us so much the key to a
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00022-00005475-00005779 healthy relationship is triangle that is
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00023-00005780-00005973 it it's simply
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00024-00005974-00006237 a lot of people will say communication
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00025-00006238-00006447 seems a relationship and while that is
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00026-00006448-00006720 completely true making an effort is
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00027-00006720-00006963 their very first step as long as two
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00028-00006964-00007220 people are trying progress will be made
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00029-00007222-00007520 and the relationship will improve those
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00030-00007522-00007784 who don't try have already lost without
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00031-00007786-00008052 putting forth any effort nothing can get
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00032-00008053-00008285 better someone who isn't
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00033-00008286-00008537 is a person who doesn't care and when
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00034-00008538-00008810 one person doesn't care the relationship
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00035-00008811-00009131 is already over simple tips for building
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00036-00009132-00009428 a healthy relationship you will have to
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00037-00009429-00009674 go through tough times together that is
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00038-00009675-00009789 just the reality
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00039-00009790-00010032 relationships but the stronger your
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00040-00010033-00010242 relationship the better chance you have
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00041-00010243-00010533 of making method here are 14 tips for
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00042-00010534-00010800 bonding more dealt be hurt and make your
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00043-00010801-00011048 relationship as strong as it can be
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00044-00011049-00011442 number one show how much you care don't
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00045-00011443-00011738 just say it words hardly need anything
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00046-00011739-00011954 if there aren't actions to back them up
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00047-00011955-00012203 so do nice things and show your
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00048-00012204-00012386 significant other they are in your life
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00049-00012387-00012638 because you really want them to be they
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00050-00012639-00012846 will be grateful and happy to see it
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00051-00012847-00013204 number to talk about the important stuff
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00052-00013205-00013496 with this I mean you have to talk to
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00053-00013497-00013763 each other about the deep stuff discuss
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00054-00013763-00013979 how do you feel about major issues and
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00055-00013980-00014252 make a point to dig deep staying strong
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00056-00014253-00014504 is about staying close and this is how
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00057-00014505-00014705 to do that the more you talk about
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00058-00014706-00015077 difficult things the better number three
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00059-00015078-00015466 always work to improve your sex life sex
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00060-00015468-00015686 is a major part of any healthy happy
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00061-00015687-00015953 relationship don't let anyone tell you
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00062-00015954-00016241 differently that being said you will
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00063-00016241-00016439 have to work hard in order to keep it
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00064-00016440-00016742 fun and exciting if you are both always
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00065-00016743-00016958 trying to improve and make things better
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00066-00016959-00017228 it's unlikely you'll ever be unhappy
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00067-00017229-00017325 with
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00068-00017326-00017556 talk about what you both need and then
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00069-00017557-00017748 follow through with your plans to make
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00070-00017749-00018030 it better the better your sex life the
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00071-00018031-00018482 stronger you will be together still able
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00072-00018483-00018807 keep your fun dating attitude alive
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00073-00018808-00019059 throughout the relationship it's usually
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00074-00019060-00019272 present for the first few months and
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00075-00019273-00019581 then fizzles out don't let it the more
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00076-00019582-00019746 you are able to sit back and laugh
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00077-00019747-00019986 together the stronger your relationship
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00078-00019987-00020337 Roubini number five be romantic whenever
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00079-00020338-00020622 you can illness is needed in all
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00080-00020623-00020907 relationships once again this is
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00081-00020908-00021096 something that is usually really strong
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00082-00021097-00021306 in the beginning but goes away over time
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00083-00021307-00021534 the key to learning
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00084-00021535-00021759 relationship stronger is finding new
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00085-00021760-00021969 ways to be romantic and loving toward
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00086-00021970-00022320 your partner number six always show your
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00087-00022321-00022611 appreciation it doesn't have to be a big
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00088-00022612-00022869 display but a simple thank you can go a
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00089-00022870-00023079 long way in making your relationship
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00090-00023080-00023364 stronger when your partner's actions are
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00091-00023365-00023565 appreciated and they know it means a lot
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00092-00023566-00023871 to you they will keep doing them plus
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00093-00023872-00024138 the more they do for you the more you
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00094-00024139-00024384 will want to do for them it's an endless
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00095-00024385-00024582 cycle of both of you giving to each
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00096-00024583-00024825 other that can never be bad for a
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00097-00024826-00024944 relationship
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00098-00024945-00025227 number seven fully discuss your
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00099-00025228-00025500 arguments arguing and then forgetting
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00100-00025501-00025620 about it is pointless
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00101-00025620-00025977 in fact it makes things much worse the
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00102-00025977-00026163 more you fight and then don't figure out
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00103-00026164-00026394 their real issue the further apart you
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00104-00026395-00026530 will grow
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00105-00026531-00026767 your relationship will be very weak
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00106-00026768-00027039 fully talk about your problems and come
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00107-00027041-00027364 to a conclusion about them number eight
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00108-00027364-00027608 try getting to know the more every day
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00109-00027610-00027979 we change a lot as time goes by the
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00110-00027980-00028170 person you were when you first entered
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00111-00028172-00028354 your relationship might be different
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00112-00028355-00028594 than who you are today the same is true
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00113-00028595-00028960 for your partner number nine laugh at
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00114-00028961-00029269 the embarrassing silly stuff when you're
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00115-00029270-00029533 in a long-term relationship stuff can
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00116-00029533-00029812 get messy you get very up close and
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00117-00029813-00030010 personal with many things about your
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00118-00030011-00030301 partner you have to be able to laugh off
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00119-00030302-00030529 those embarrassing moments and move on
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00120-00030530-00030805 your relationship will be really strong
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00121-00030806-00030961 if you can always do this
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00122-00030962-00031405 number 10 always go on dates date night
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00123-00031406-00031669 isn't really an option you have to have
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00124-00031670-00031918 them even if you can only go twice a
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00125-00031919-00032152 month instead of once a week it's
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00126-00032152-00032356 important that you both carve out time
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00127-00032357-00032662 to be intimate with one another making
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00128-00032663-00032935 it a priority is essential don't back
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00129-00032936-00033139 out on date night unless your reason is
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00130-00033140-00033430 really important and even then make it
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00131-00033431-00033823 up to them number 11 do things they love
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00132-00033824-00034168 but you don't sometimes you have to make
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00133-00034169-00034452 sacrifices they might really want to go
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00134-00034453-00034657 see that new action movie you think
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00135-00034658-00034957 looks awful take one for the team and go
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00136-00034958-00035196 ahead and do it they will do the same
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00137-00035197-00035487 for you the more selfless you are the
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00138-00035488-00035748 stronger your relationship will be
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00139-00035749-00036096 number 12 acknowledge when things aren't
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00140-00036097-00036406 okay every relationship has hard times
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00141-00036407-00036765 that is okay be the person who decides
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00142-00036766-00036958 to open up and talk about it
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00143-00036959-00037201 most people have a hard time with this
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00144-00037202-00037357 and will end up holding everything
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00145-00037358-00037491 inside
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00146-00037492-00037734 that is the last thing you want so
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00147-00037735-00037959 discuss when things are bad and you want
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00148-00037960-00038232 them to be better number 13
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00149-00038233-00038436 stay patient and learn how to forgive
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00150-00038437-00038754 fully holding grudges really isn't a
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00151-00038755-00038991 great thing for relationships you have
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00152-00038992-00039207 to be able to forgive and then mean it
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00153-00039208-00039495 you also want to work on staying patient
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00154-00039496-00039606 with your partner
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00155-00039607-00039843 everyone has issues they might need to
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00156-00039844-00040002 work through before they can make a
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00157-00040003-00040383 relationship stronger number 14 always
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00158-00040384-00040608 impress them no matter how long you have
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00159-00040609-00040887 been together this is one of the best
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00160-00040888-00041085 pieces of advice for learning how to
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00161-00041086-00041268 make your relationship stronger
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00162-00041269-00041604 keep trying always work on impressing
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00163-00041605-00041814 one another the more you do this the
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00164-00041815-00042057 happier you will both be and be strong
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00165-00042058-00042275 there your relationship will become
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00166-00042276-00042402 [Music]
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00167-00042403-00042630 learning how to make your relationship
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00168-00042631-00042825 stronger is all about working together
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00169-00042826-00043158 you are a partnership that means you
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00170-00043159-00043360 each have to put forth the same effort
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00171-00043361-00043527 in order to make it strong and
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00172-00043528-00043879 successful thanks for watching if you
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00173-00043880-00044145 enjoyed this video give it a thumbs up
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00174-00044146-00044412 and share it with your friends for more
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00175-00044413-00044601 videos like this hit the subscribe
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00176-00044602-00044870 button and be sure to press the
+cqOr6IL7-sA-00177-00044871-00045286 notification bell to stay up to date
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00001-00012421-00012670 [Music]
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00002-00012671-00014083 i think
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00004-00021084-00022483 me
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00005-00022484-00023338 a
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00006-00023339-00025283 [Music]
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+ctRHXKiCVAM-00009-00032288-00035083 foreign
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00010-00035084-00036483 oh
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00011-00036484-00037965 oh
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00012-00037966-00038477 [Music]
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00013-00038478-00039283 [Music]
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00014-00039284-00042083 yes
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00016-00046284-00047683 okay
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00017-00047684-00049083 a
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00018-00049084-00051882 a
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00019-00051883-00053287 um
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00020-00053288-00056082 and
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00022-00060283-00061295 and
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00023-00061296-00061682 [Laughter]
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00025-00068683-00069080 is
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00026-00069081-00070031 [Music]
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00027-00070032-00070418 to two groups
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00028-00070419-00071482 [Music]
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00030-00075683-00077082 my
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00031-00077083-00078482 um
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00032-00078483-00079882 foreign
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00033-00079883-00081282 um
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00034-00081283-00082295 m
+ctRHXKiCVAM-00038-00099875-00100175 foreign
+cvqXTEuPecU-00000-00000024-00000286 hello and welcome to my channel if
+cvqXTEuPecU-00001-00000287-00000497 you're a fan of Fallout 4 then you know
+cvqXTEuPecU-00002-00000498-00000688 how much mods can enhance your gaming
+cvqXTEuPecU-00003-00000689-00000815 experience
+cvqXTEuPecU-00004-00000816-00001031 today we'll be introduced some of our
+cvqXTEuPecU-00005-00001032-00001235 must-have Fallout 4 mods that will take
+cvqXTEuPecU-00006-00001236-00001493 your gameplay to the next level from
+cvqXTEuPecU-00007-00001494-00001667 better graphics to new quests and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00008-00001668-00001901 weapons we've got you covered
+cvqXTEuPecU-00009-00001902-00002099 and if you click the Subscribe and like
+cvqXTEuPecU-00010-00002100-00002273 buttons once before watching the video
+cvqXTEuPecU-00011-00002274-00002483 it will be of great help to the growth
+cvqXTEuPecU-00012-00002484-00002615 of the channel
+cvqXTEuPecU-00013-00002616-00003125 so without further Ado let's get started
+cvqXTEuPecU-00014-00003126-00003347 the first mod I will introduce to you is
+cvqXTEuPecU-00015-00003347-00003611 the aacq honey badger Modern Warfare
+cvqXTEuPecU-00016-00003611-00003959 2022 this mod adds a customizable
+cvqXTEuPecU-00017-00003960-00004270 Chimera from Modern Warfare 2022 which
+cvqXTEuPecU-00018-00004271-00004553 is depicted as the AAC Q honey badger
+cvqXTEuPecU-00019-00004554-00004615 hybrid
+cvqXTEuPecU-00020-00004616-00004870 [Music]
+cvqXTEuPecU-00021-00004871-00005056 the mod features ported sounds
+cvqXTEuPecU-00022-00005057-00005351 animations and models in both first and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00023-00005352-00005518 third person views
+cvqXTEuPecU-00024-00005519-00005777 in addition to the original weapon the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00025-00005778-00006004 2.0 update also includes an angled
+cvqXTEuPecU-00026-00006005-00006215 foregrip along with new animations and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00027-00006216-00006496 numerous blueprints there are 12 new
+cvqXTEuPecU-00028-00006497-00006664 foregrips and eight new blueprint
+cvqXTEuPecU-00029-00006665-00006866 weapons
+cvqXTEuPecU-00030-00006867-00006978 [Music]
+cvqXTEuPecU-00031-00006979-00007301 to acquire the weapon there are two ways
+cvqXTEuPecU-00032-00007302-00007583 crafting or cheating the weapon can be
+cvqXTEuPecU-00033-00007584-00007810 crafted at the chemistry station or you
+cvqXTEuPecU-00034-00007811-00008027 can type help Chimera 4 in the console
+cvqXTEuPecU-00035-00008028-00008207 commands to get the ID and then use
+cvqXTEuPecU-00036-00008208-00008417 player add item to add the item to your
+cvqXTEuPecU-00037-00008418-00008707 inventory
+cvqXTEuPecU-00038-00008708-00008945 it's important to note that due to
+cvqXTEuPecU-00039-00008946-00009131 changes made to Fallout 4 and the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00040-00009132-00009323 creation kit in the most recent update
+cvqXTEuPecU-00041-00009324-00009563 this mod will only work properly in
+cvqXTEuPecU-00042-00009564-00009917 games patched to version 163 or higher
+cvqXTEuPecU-00043-00009918-00010174 the mod creator has also planned a 2.5
+cvqXTEuPecU-00044-00010175-00010433 update which will include the m13b or
+cvqXTEuPecU-00045-00010434-00010721 MCX and the Bob P or MPX as blueprint
+cvqXTEuPecU-00046-00010722-00011056 weapons additionally a camo package is
+cvqXTEuPecU-00047-00011057-00011260 also on the way the mod Creator
+cvqXTEuPecU-00048-00011261-00011488 encourages users to endorse the mod and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00049-00011489-00011981 as always enjoy it
+cvqXTEuPecU-00050-00011982-00012191 the second mod I will introduce to you
+cvqXTEuPecU-00051-00012192-00012449 as third person Behavior fixes
+cvqXTEuPecU-00052-00012450-00012695 the third person Behavior fixes mod for
+cvqXTEuPecU-00053-00012696-00012905 Fallout 4 is designed to address several
+cvqXTEuPecU-00054-00012906-00013085 glitches and issues related to The
+cvqXTEuPecU-00055-00013086-00013294 Game's third-person Behavior
+cvqXTEuPecU-00056-00013295-00013505 one of the most frustrating glitches
+cvqXTEuPecU-00057-00013506-00013691 that this mod fixes is the reload
+cvqXTEuPecU-00058-00013691-00013894 animation restarting when you sneak and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00059-00013895-00014044 move or Sprint
+cvqXTEuPecU-00060-00014045-00014236 this can be a major announcement when
+cvqXTEuPecU-00061-00014237-00014386 you're trying to move quickly through a
+cvqXTEuPecU-00062-00014387-00014572 level and need to reload your weapon at
+cvqXTEuPecU-00063-00014573-00014729 the same time
+cvqXTEuPecU-00064-00014730-00014944 another issue that the third person
+cvqXTEuPecU-00065-00014945-00015191 Behavior fixes mod addresses is the fact
+cvqXTEuPecU-00066-00015191-00015358 that the speed mold doesn't get applied
+cvqXTEuPecU-00067-00015359-00015641 to Sprint speed in third person this
+cvqXTEuPecU-00068-00015641-00015785 means that when you're sprinting in
+cvqXTEuPecU-00069-00015786-00016007 third person your character doesn't move
+cvqXTEuPecU-00070-00016008-00016283 as quickly as they should this can make
+cvqXTEuPecU-00071-00016284-00016486 it difficult to escape from danger or
+cvqXTEuPecU-00072-00016487-00016619 keep up with other players in
+cvqXTEuPecU-00073-00016620-00016961 multiplayer games
+cvqXTEuPecU-00074-00016962-00017249 finally the mod also fixes the fob
+cvqXTEuPecU-00075-00017250-00017411 effect in Sprint
+cvqXTEuPecU-00076-00017412-00017621 this can be another major annoyance for
+cvqXTEuPecU-00077-00017622-00017789 players who are trying to move quickly
+cvqXTEuPecU-00078-00017790-00018041 through a level as the fob effect can
+cvqXTEuPecU-00079-00018042-00018203 make it difficult to see what's in front
+cvqXTEuPecU-00080-00018204-00018419 of you
+cvqXTEuPecU-00081-00018420-00018647 therefore if you've ever been frustrated
+cvqXTEuPecU-00082-00018648-00018833 by glitches or issues with the third
+cvqXTEuPecU-00083-00018834-00019103 person behavior in Fallout 4. the third
+cvqXTEuPecU-00084-00019104-00019319 person Behavior fixes mod is definitely
+cvqXTEuPecU-00085-00019320-00019486 worth checking out
+cvqXTEuPecU-00086-00019487-00019727 it fixes a variety of issues and adds
+cvqXTEuPecU-00087-00019728-00019907 some customization options to make the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00088-00019908-00020070 game even more enjoyable
+cvqXTEuPecU-00089-00020071-00020335 [Music]
+cvqXTEuPecU-00090-00020336-00020614 the third mod I will introduce to you as
+cvqXTEuPecU-00091-00020615-00020797 SKS Redix
+cvqXTEuPecU-00092-00020798-00021089 SKS Redix is a high quality mod that
+cvqXTEuPecU-00093-00021090-00021580 enhances the SKS rifle in Fallout 4.
+cvqXTEuPecU-00094-00021581-00021814 the mod includes custom textures and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00095-00021815-00022067 animations as well as over 100 different
+cvqXTEuPecU-00096-00022068-00022271 realistic or unique variants of the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00097-00022272-00022486 weapon each with endless customization
+cvqXTEuPecU-00098-00022487-00022793 options the mod also features five
+cvqXTEuPecU-00099-00022794-00023093 custom NPCs six collectible magazines
+cvqXTEuPecU-00100-00023094-00023333 and a new Mini dungeon with secrets and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00101-00023334-00023633 Easter eggs to discover the mod includes
+cvqXTEuPecU-00102-00023634-00023830 four custom load screens and a vast
+cvqXTEuPecU-00103-00023831-00024071 amount of real-world variants as well as
+cvqXTEuPecU-00104-00024072-00024275 some horrific modifications that people
+cvqXTEuPecU-00105-00024276-00024533 have made to their SKS rifles
+cvqXTEuPecU-00106-00024534-00024839 there are also 1.7 gigabytes of HD
+cvqXTEuPecU-00107-00024840-00025127 textures included with 2K textures to be
+cvqXTEuPecU-00108-00025128-00025277 uploaded later
+cvqXTEuPecU-00109-00025278-00025492 players can find five new magazines
+cvqXTEuPecU-00110-00025493-00025661 hidden around the Commonwealth that will
+cvqXTEuPecU-00111-00025662-00025978 allow them to build Special SKS variants
+cvqXTEuPecU-00112-00025979-00026237 additionally some Diamond City Guards
+cvqXTEuPecU-00113-00026238-00026543 carry custom variant SKS rifles and two
+cvqXTEuPecU-00114-00026544-00026717 Raider bosses have their own custom
+cvqXTEuPecU-00115-00026718-00026849 variants
+cvqXTEuPecU-00116-00026850-00027058 the nordhagen beach shipping containers
+cvqXTEuPecU-00117-00027060-00027239 have been updated and rebalanced
+cvqXTEuPecU-00118-00027239-00027490 requiring players to repair the SKS
+cvqXTEuPecU-00119-00027491-00027677 before it can be used
+cvqXTEuPecU-00120-00027677-00027929 the mod also includes a small cave with
+cvqXTEuPecU-00121-00027930-00028145 a secret inside but it may be difficult
+cvqXTEuPecU-00122-00028145-00028264 to find
+cvqXTEuPecU-00123-00028266-00028540 the SKS has been scripted to appear in
+cvqXTEuPecU-00124-00028541-00028690 the Commonwealth's leveled lists
+cvqXTEuPecU-00125-00028691-00028937 starting at level 15 with weaker
+cvqXTEuPecU-00126-00028938-00029218 variants
+cvqXTEuPecU-00127-00029219-00029561 overall SKS Redix is a comprehensive mod
+cvqXTEuPecU-00128-00029562-00029729 that adds a wealth of content and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00129-00029730-00029974 customization options for the SKS rifle
+cvqXTEuPecU-00130-00029975-00030239 in Fallout 4.
+cvqXTEuPecU-00131-00030239-00030437 fourth mod I'm going to introduce to you
+cvqXTEuPecU-00132-00030438-00030767 as role players expanded dialogue role
+cvqXTEuPecU-00133-00030768-00030983 players expanded dialogue as a mod for
+cvqXTEuPecU-00134-00030983-00031205 Fallout 4 that adds over 200 new
+cvqXTEuPecU-00135-00031206-00031427 dialogue options to the game providing
+cvqXTEuPecU-00136-00031427-00031583 players with more role-playing
+cvqXTEuPecU-00137-00031583-00031720 possibilities
+cvqXTEuPecU-00138-00031722-00031931 with the help of the extended dialogue
+cvqXTEuPecU-00139-00031932-00032170 interface this mod aims to give players
+cvqXTEuPecU-00140-00032172-00032362 the option to pick dialogue lines that
+cvqXTEuPecU-00141-00032363-00032620 fit their character the most the mod
+cvqXTEuPecU-00142-00032622-00032843 also bypasses vanilla's speech checks
+cvqXTEuPecU-00143-00032844-00033046 and replaces them with new speech skill
+cvqXTEuPecU-00144-00033047-00033245 checks that are guaranteed to succeed if
+cvqXTEuPecU-00145-00033246-00033437 you have the required perk or if your
+cvqXTEuPecU-00146-00033438-00033618 special stats are high enough
+cvqXTEuPecU-00147-00033619-00033881 additionally new speech checks and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00148-00033882-00034073 dialogue options automatically show up
+cvqXTEuPecU-00149-00034074-00034265 in dialogue trees once you meet the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00150-00034266-00034462 requirements and low intelligence
+cvqXTEuPecU-00151-00034463-00034637 dialogue options will automatically
+cvqXTEuPecU-00152-00034638-00034835 replace vanilla dialogue if your
+cvqXTEuPecU-00153-00034836-00035051 characters int is lower than four
+cvqXTEuPecU-00154-00035052-00035255 the mod is compatible with most other
+cvqXTEuPecU-00155-00035256-00035543 mods including Start Me Up reading the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00156-00035544-00035789 dance dilemma and subversion among
+cvqXTEuPecU-00157-00035790-00035974 others and should theoretically work
+cvqXTEuPecU-00158-00035975-00036143 with everything else
+cvqXTEuPecU-00159-00036144-00036449 however it does require xdi and does not
+cvqXTEuPecU-00160-00036450-00036611 have voice files for the new player
+cvqXTEuPecU-00161-00036612-00036839 dialog lines meaning your character will
+cvqXTEuPecU-00162-00036840-00037018 be silent when you choose any of the new
+cvqXTEuPecU-00163-00037019-00037318 dialogue options
+cvqXTEuPecU-00164-00037319-00037529 the fifth mod I'm going to introduce to
+cvqXTEuPecU-00165-00037530-00037781 you as Vault girl perk gunfu
+cvqXTEuPecU-00166-00037782-00038009 Vault girl perk gunfu as a Fallout
+cvqXTEuPecU-00167-00038010-00038255 format that replaces the standard gunfu
+cvqXTEuPecU-00168-00038256-00038507 perk swf file with a custom colored
+cvqXTEuPecU-00169-00038508-00038674 Vault girl version
+cvqXTEuPecU-00170-00038675-00038915 the artwork used in this mod is based on
+cvqXTEuPecU-00171-00038916-00039118 shadman's vault meet which the mod
+cvqXTEuPecU-00172-00039119-00039340 creator has edited and animated to fit
+cvqXTEuPecU-00173-00039341-00039737 seamlessly into Fallout 4 swf files the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00174-00039738-00039929 mod is designed to be a simple interface
+cvqXTEuPecU-00175-00039930-00040273 replacer for perk clip underscore 4D
+cvqXTEuPecU-00176-00040274-00040565 881.swf and will only be visible on the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00177-00040566-00040762 Pip-Boy interface
+cvqXTEuPecU-00178-00040763-00040967 to ensure the best quality of the mod
+cvqXTEuPecU-00179-00040968-00041207 the mod Creator recommends using a mod
+cvqXTEuPecU-00180-00041208-00041471 like nistran HD color system for Pip-Boy
+cvqXTEuPecU-00181-00041472-00041711 power armor and terminals setting the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00182-00041712-00041962 Pip-Boy HUD on white HD and making sure
+cvqXTEuPecU-00183-00041963-00042137 that the HUD settings color is set to
+cvqXTEuPecU-00184-00042138-00042515 White in the Fallout 4 settings tab
+cvqXTEuPecU-00185-00042516-00042827 in summary Vault girl perk gunfu as a
+cvqXTEuPecU-00186-00042828-00043037 Fallout 4 mod that replaces the gunfu
+cvqXTEuPecU-00187-00043038-00043289 perk swf file with a custom colored
+cvqXTEuPecU-00188-00043290-00043571 Vault girl version the mod is a simple
+cvqXTEuPecU-00189-00043572-00043751 interface replacer for the Pip-Boy
+cvqXTEuPecU-00190-00043752-00043949 interface and is designed to improve the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00191-00043950-00044135 visual aesthetic of the game
+cvqXTEuPecU-00192-00044136-00044285 thank you
+cvqXTEuPecU-00193-00044286-00044507 the sixth mod I'm going to introduce to
+cvqXTEuPecU-00194-00044508-00044711 you is the Chuck E Farley collection log
+cvqXTEuPecU-00195-00044712-00044855 building set
+cvqXTEuPecU-00196-00044856-00045052 the Chuck U Farley collection log
+cvqXTEuPecU-00197-00045053-00045280 building set mod is an expansion to the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00198-00045281-00045485 existing Chuck E Farley collection mod
+cvqXTEuPecU-00199-00045486-00045683 that adds a new building set for players
+cvqXTEuPecU-00200-00045684-00045973 to use in their Fallout 4 game
+cvqXTEuPecU-00201-00045974-00046235 this log building set is designed to
+cvqXTEuPecU-00202-00046236-00046402 look like timber frame and log building
+cvqXTEuPecU-00203-00046403-00046649 components with all the same pieces and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00204-00046650-00046835 parts as the steel building set that was
+cvqXTEuPecU-00205-00046836-00047057 included in the original Mod
+cvqXTEuPecU-00206-00047058-00047279 one of the major features of this mod is
+cvqXTEuPecU-00207-00047280-00047507 the inclusion of working fireplaces in
+cvqXTEuPecU-00208-00047508-00047705 three different varieties each with
+cvqXTEuPecU-00209-00047706-00047896 detachable chimney caps that can be used
+cvqXTEuPecU-00210-00047897-00048101 with chimney extensions
+cvqXTEuPecU-00211-00048102-00048323 these fireplaces can be snapped at the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00212-00048324-00048490 outside edge of both foundation and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00213-00048491-00048677 floor segments found in the log building
+cvqXTEuPecU-00214-00048678-00048899 set menu and the chimney caps are
+cvqXTEuPecU-00215-00048900-00049073 spawned in when the fireplaces are
+cvqXTEuPecU-00216-00049074-00049187 constructed
+cvqXTEuPecU-00217-00049188-00049427 the mod also includes two different roof
+cvqXTEuPecU-00218-00049428-00049679 configurations a short version and a
+cvqXTEuPecU-00219-00049680-00049805 tall version
+cvqXTEuPecU-00220-00049806-00050093 all posts beams and various other parts
+cvqXTEuPecU-00221-00050094-00050261 for use in conjunction with the short
+cvqXTEuPecU-00222-00050262-00050530 Brew for labeled as type a while all
+cvqXTEuPecU-00223-00050531-00050699 parts for use with the tall roof are
+cvqXTEuPecU-00224-00050700-00051101 labeled as type B wall skirts fireplaces
+cvqXTEuPecU-00225-00051102-00051316 and any other Stone textured objects
+cvqXTEuPecU-00226-00051317-00051664 labeled as type A type B or type c have
+cvqXTEuPecU-00227-00051665-00051888 no association with roof construction
+cvqXTEuPecU-00228-00051889-00052120 other features of the mod include
+cvqXTEuPecU-00229-00052121-00052366 fireplace extension pieces to extend the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00230-00052367-00052576 stone facade of lower fireplaces into
+cvqXTEuPecU-00231-00052577-00052769 the ground when foundations are placed
+cvqXTEuPecU-00232-00052770-00052949 at a height that leaves a gap between a
+cvqXTEuPecU-00233-00052950-00053194 fireplace and ground and light fixtures
+cvqXTEuPecU-00234-00053195-00053357 that work in conjunction with the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00235-00053358-00053573 electrical power switch box found in the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00236-00053574-00053850 U Farley collection power switches menu
+cvqXTEuPecU-00237-00053851-00054100 players should be aware that deck floors
+cvqXTEuPecU-00238-00054101-00054287 and deck porch floors will require some
+cvqXTEuPecU-00239-00054288-00054461 adjustment as they are prone to snapping
+cvqXTEuPecU-00240-00054462-00054685 to wall skirts as well as foundations
+cvqXTEuPecU-00241-00054686-00054959 additionally duplicate fixtures not
+cvqXTEuPecU-00242-00054960-00055157 requiring snap points can be found under
+cvqXTEuPecU-00243-00055158-00055409 the U Farley collection power Lights
+cvqXTEuPecU-00244-00055410-00055703 menu in case players want to uninstall
+cvqXTEuPecU-00245-00055704-00055973 only the log buildings set the mod also
+cvqXTEuPecU-00246-00055974-00056165 includes an uninstaller chem for the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00247-00056166-00056357 additional menu elements added by this
+cvqXTEuPecU-00248-00056358-00056447 mod
+cvqXTEuPecU-00249-00056448-00056675 this mod takes the Commonwealth built
+cvqXTEuPecU-00250-00056676-00056897 environment to the next level more
+cvqXTEuPecU-00251-00056898-00057065 nature-friendly wooden buildings and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00252-00057066-00057226 buildings with immersive bricks will
+cvqXTEuPecU-00253-00057227-00057413 make you more interested in and immersed
+cvqXTEuPecU-00254-00057414-00057612 in Fallout 4 architecture
+cvqXTEuPecU-00255-00057613-00057911 [Music]
+cvqXTEuPecU-00256-00057912-00058211 foreign the seventh mod to introduce is
+cvqXTEuPecU-00257-00058212-00058511 let your hair down for Fallout 4. this
+cvqXTEuPecU-00258-00058512-00058691 mod allows you to set a hairstyle for
+cvqXTEuPecU-00259-00058691-00058900 relaxing and one for adventuring via the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00260-00058901-00059182 mod configuration menu and looks menu
+cvqXTEuPecU-00261-00059183-00059369 you can choose any hairstyle that is
+cvqXTEuPecU-00262-00059370-00059585 supported by the game and the mod also
+cvqXTEuPecU-00263-00059586-00059788 includes an auto hairstyle changer that
+cvqXTEuPecU-00264-00059789-00059921 can toggle between your chosen
+cvqXTEuPecU-00265-00059922-00060053 hairstyles
+cvqXTEuPecU-00266-00060054-00060232 in addition to the auto hairstyle
+cvqXTEuPecU-00267-00060233-00060454 changer you can also manually change
+cvqXTEuPecU-00268-00060455-00060766 your hairstyle using a hotkey in the MCM
+cvqXTEuPecU-00269-00060767-00060947 if you prefer to keep your hair down
+cvqXTEuPecU-00270-00060948-00061163 when you're in settlements or cities you
+cvqXTEuPecU-00271-00061164-00061330 can use the force hair down feature
+cvqXTEuPecU-00272-00061332-00061523 which ensures that your character's hair
+cvqXTEuPecU-00273-00061524-00061703 remains in a long hairstyle while you're
+cvqXTEuPecU-00274-00061704-00061937 in those areas
+cvqXTEuPecU-00275-00061938-00062165 overall the let your hair down mod
+cvqXTEuPecU-00276-00062166-00062344 provides more flexibility and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00277-00062345-00062500 customization options for your
+cvqXTEuPecU-00278-00062501-00062675 character's appearance in Fallout 4
+cvqXTEuPecU-00279-00062676-00062830 allowing you to have different
+cvqXTEuPecU-00280-00062832-00063053 hairstyles for different situations and
+cvqXTEuPecU-00281-00063054-00063384 preferences
+cvqXTEuPecU-00282-00063385-00063516 [Music]
+cvqXTEuPecU-00283-00063517-00063850 and that's it for today's video we hope
+cvqXTEuPecU-00284-00063851-00064042 you found some new must-have mods to try
+cvqXTEuPecU-00285-00064044-00064349 out in Fallout 4. let us know in the
+cvqXTEuPecU-00286-00064350-00064516 comments if you have any other favorites
+cvqXTEuPecU-00287-00064517-00064799 that we missed don't forget to like And
+cvqXTEuPecU-00288-00064800-00064997 subscribe to our channel for more gaming
+cvqXTEuPecU-00289-00064998-00065099 content
+cvqXTEuPecU-00290-00065100-00065319 see you next time
+cvqXTEuPecU-00291-00065320-00065754 [Music]
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00000-00000017-00000509 hello my friend she's she's coming
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00001-00000509-00000811 Jimmy's I guess she'll be right back
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00002-00000813-00001097 a few moments later all right join the
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00003-00001098-00001282 game buddy I sent you anyway
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00004-00001283-00002180 the password with one piece I mean yes
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00005-00002181-00002512 one piece go back in my inventory
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00006-00002513-00003602 wait no that one is mine it's so hot in
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00007-00003603-00003815 my room no one is making any sense
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00008-00003815-00005388 whatsoever
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00009-00005389-00005853 I'll make Terran glow up it's funny
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00010-00005854-00006069 because he's won the 70s but like the
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00011-00006070-00006459 first driver takes place in the 70s is
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00012-00006459-00006942 not funny
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00013-00006943-00007081 there was all just a No
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00015-00010625-00010910 no great everyone's here there's just
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00016-00010911-00011168 one more thing back there there's back
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00017-00011169-00011348 down the road one of those things bit me
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00018-00011349-00011519 I'm already not feeling too well and I
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00019-00011520-00011720 can't stand the thought of becoming one
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00020-00011721-00011903 of them you're gonna have to put me down
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00021-00011904-00012179 no why don't you keep a journal
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00022-00012180-00013088 it may help you out there good luck no I
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00023-00013088-00013672 assume like famous just bleeds oh that's
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00024-00013673-00013844 a bad way to die I'm sorry I feel bad
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00025-00013844-00014666 now feel bad know what feels bad we're
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00026-00014666-00014938 in the car and a wild dogs like phases
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00027-00014940-00015944 through the window he cracks gonna get
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00028-00015944-00016193 whiplash great we're gonna roll the same
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00029-00016194-00017090 pills and a zombie what my jimmies feels
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00030-00017091-00017889 bad grabs Jonah
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00031-00017890-00018446 great Jerrica you ever get one shot Mike
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00032-00018447-00019188 Jones then you kill Jonah my first and
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00033-00019189-00019599 then watch piling behind him that killed
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00034-00019600-00020439 like I immediately DS all there's so
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00035-00020440-00020733 many guys oh and they're deleting
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00036-00020734-00023378 evidence oh my god okay going now
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00037-00023379-00023961 there's a few moments later wow that was
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00038-00023962-00024239 that was that was really easy 18 dudes
+cvudsi5Rb_y-00039-00024240-00024672 dude did did use like
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00000-00000096-00000375 nvidia bread is the future of bread
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00001-00000376-00000630 starting at 699
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00002-00000631-00000862 you get access to 10 premium quality
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00003-00000863-00001270 slices of our gddr6 bread
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00004-00001271-00001495 let's take a closer look
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00005-00001496-00001695 each crumb delivers a high performance
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00006-00001696-00001871 structure for the bread
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00007-00001872-00002055 unless you drop it in the toilet or the
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00008-00002056-00002342 ben man lobs it over the fence
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00009-00002343-00002526 why not try it with some of our partner
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00010-00002527-00003095 brands such as msi butter or evga jam
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00011-00003096-00003343 spread evenly to get the full flavor and
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00012-00003344-00003503 attach the optional heatsink for
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00013-00003504-00003695 improved heat dissipation
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00014-00003696-00003895 remember to use code please share and
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00015-00003896-00004086 come back with the kids please god to
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00016-00004087-00004263 get a free nvidia sticker for your
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00017-00004264-00004575 fridge finally for optimal performance
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00018-00004576-00004902 into a pcie 16 lane slot and throw some
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00019-00004903-00005151 thermal paste on it or something
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00020-00005152-00005592 nvidia bread live well for more
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00021-00005593-00006047 [Music]
+cAKZwVsuy2M-00022-00006048-00006255 you
+cCROqghYZOo-00000-00000036-00000519 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00001-00000520-00000642 so
+cCROqghYZOo-00002-00000643-00002302 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00003-00002303-00002781 oh
+cCROqghYZOo-00004-00002782-00004231 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00005-00004232-00004615 oh hi
+cCROqghYZOo-00006-00004616-00004831 i'm gay
+cCROqghYZOo-00007-00004832-00005793 heavy machine gun
+cCROqghYZOo-00008-00005794-00006678 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00009-00006679-00006934 i'm fast as [__] boys
+cCROqghYZOo-00010-00006936-00007595 oh
+cCROqghYZOo-00011-00007595-00007950 oh man
+cCROqghYZOo-00012-00007951-00008389 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00013-00008390-00008626 [Applause]
+cCROqghYZOo-00014-00008627-00009727 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00015-00009728-00009883 oh
+cCROqghYZOo-00016-00009884-00010315 god no god please no no no
+cCROqghYZOo-00017-00010316-00011991 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00018-00011992-00012191 i don't think you have any idea how fast
+cCROqghYZOo-00019-00012192-00013085 i really am i'm fast as [__]
+cCROqghYZOo-00020-00013086-00013349 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00021-00013350-00013583 [Applause]
+cCROqghYZOo-00022-00013584-00014647 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00023-00014649-00016511 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00024-00016512-00016615 do it
+cCROqghYZOo-00025-00016616-00016975 do it come on kill me i'm here come on
+cCROqghYZOo-00026-00016976-00017449 do it now kill me
+cCROqghYZOo-00027-00017450-00018311 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00028-00018312-00018996 that's quite big
+cCROqghYZOo-00029-00018997-00019408 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00030-00019409-00020422 [Applause]
+cCROqghYZOo-00031-00020423-00020784 okay
+cCROqghYZOo-00032-00020785-00022191 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00033-00022192-00022319 lunch
+cCROqghYZOo-00034-00022320-00023871 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00035-00023872-00024558 i
+cCROqghYZOo-00036-00024559-00024756 here we go
+cCROqghYZOo-00037-00024757-00025255 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00038-00025256-00025276 [Applause]
+cCROqghYZOo-00039-00025277-00026138 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00040-00026139-00026774 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00041-00026775-00027225 hello
+cCROqghYZOo-00042-00027226-00028197 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00043-00028198-00029207 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00044-00029208-00029895 oh
+cCROqghYZOo-00045-00029897-00030136 [Applause]
+cCROqghYZOo-00046-00030137-00030670 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00047-00030672-00031927 oh my god beautiful
+cCROqghYZOo-00048-00031927-00032500 oh
+cCROqghYZOo-00049-00032501-00032943 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00050-00032944-00033185 oh
+cCROqghYZOo-00051-00033186-00033846 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00052-00033847-00036265 that was easy
+cCROqghYZOo-00053-00036266-00036338 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00054-00036339-00036648 [Applause]
+cCROqghYZOo-00055-00036649-00037039 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00056-00037040-00037349 do you have any idea how fast i am
+cCROqghYZOo-00057-00037350-00037615 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00058-00037616-00038190 oh that's kind of small
+cCROqghYZOo-00059-00038191-00040262 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00060-00040263-00040607 oh you're scared 1v1 me [__] i'm fast
+cCROqghYZOo-00061-00040608-00041022 and stuck boy
+cCROqghYZOo-00062-00041023-00041420 [Laughter]
+cCROqghYZOo-00063-00041421-00041550 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00064-00041551-00041943 [Applause]
+cCROqghYZOo-00065-00041944-00043030 what's wrong with you bro what the hell
+cCROqghYZOo-00066-00043031-00043154 hello
+cCROqghYZOo-00067-00043155-00043807 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00068-00043808-00044140 come
+cCROqghYZOo-00069-00044141-00044362 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00070-00044363-00045302 on baby
+cCROqghYZOo-00071-00045303-00045608 meanwhile in our universe
+cCROqghYZOo-00072-00045609-00046641 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00073-00046642-00047111 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00074-00047112-00047351 how you feeling right now you know you
+cCROqghYZOo-00075-00047352-00047535 can't tell me if you're feeling kind of
+cCROqghYZOo-00076-00047536-00048107 down
+cCROqghYZOo-00077-00048108-00048694 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00078-00048695-00050455 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00079-00050456-00050632 dreams
+cCROqghYZOo-00080-00050633-00051742 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00081-00051744-00051911 i guess so
+cCROqghYZOo-00082-00051912-00052150 how you feeling right now you know you
+cCROqghYZOo-00083-00052151-00052335 can't tell me if you're feeling kind of
+cCROqghYZOo-00084-00052336-00052591 down put away the drugs i promise i can
+cCROqghYZOo-00085-00052591-00052977 be around to help you find your problems
+cCROqghYZOo-00086-00052978-00053991 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00087-00053991-00054749 all these feelings i can hold
+cCROqghYZOo-00088-00054750-00056204 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00089-00056205-00056711 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00090-00056712-00056950 how you feeling right now you know you
+cCROqghYZOo-00091-00056951-00057400 can't tell me if you're feeling down
+cCROqghYZOo-00092-00057401-00058791 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00093-00058791-00059389 all these feelings
+cCROqghYZOo-00094-00059390-00059991 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00095-00059991-00060263 baby we'll figure it out
+cCROqghYZOo-00096-00060264-00060684 if you
+cCROqghYZOo-00097-00060685-00061166 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00098-00061167-00061494 all these feelings i can't hold
+cCROqghYZOo-00099-00061495-00061994 nowadays
+cCROqghYZOo-00100-00061995-00063126 [Music]
+cCROqghYZOo-00101-00063127-00063342 if you know me then you know i take it
+cCROqghYZOo-00102-00063344-00063640 yeah i'm going for my dreams
+cCROqghYZOo-00103-00063641-00063974 [Music]
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00000-00000192-00000455 the top-selling doterra essential oil
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00001-00000456-00000729 lemon has multiple benefits and uses
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00002-00000730-00000958 [Music]
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00003-00000959-00001150 it is a powerful cleansing agent that
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00004-00001151-00001399 purifies the air and can be used as a
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00005-00001400-00001687 non-toxic cleaner throughout the home
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00006-00001688-00001902 lemon essential oil can also be added to
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00007-00001903-00002095 water to provide a refreshing and
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00008-00002096-00002239 healthy boost
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00009-00002240-00002471 lemon is also a powerful antioxidant
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00010-00002472-00002718 that can help ward off free radicals
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00011-00002719-00002958 when taken internally lemon provides
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00012-00002959-00003222 cleansing and digestive benefits lemon
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00013-00003223-00003422 can also be used to soothe an irritated
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00014-00003423-00003590 throat and to support healthy
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00015-00003592-00003799 respiratory function
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00016-00003800-00004038 diffusing lemon creates an uplifting and
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00017-00004039-00004247 energizing atmosphere that has been
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00018-00004248-00004447 shown to improve mood and cognitive
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00019-00004448-00004690 ability
+cDFsrsGNXuY-00020-00004691-00005022 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00000-00001055-00001495 [Applause]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00001-00001496-00002792 yeah yeah yeah yeah goddamn dumbbells
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00002-00002793-00002981 I forgot kettlebells so I let my feet
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00003-00002982-00005150 through every once
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00004-00005151-00005538 you guys yesterday totally forgot
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00005-00005539-00005900 slipped my mind because I have a client
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00007-00010228-00012815 like pours king-size mattress you can be
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00008-00012816-00013980 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00009-00013981-00014308 I'm not a friend that's good comes in
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00010-00014309-00014519 here huh
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00011-00014521-00014788 and then it comes with the base there's
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00012-00014788-00015001 a base for it and then there's some nice
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00013-00015002-00015316 little love of that come pillows or some
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00014-00015316-00015577 pillows that come with it and then what
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00015-00015578-00016029 is this a headboard all right so we got
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00016-00016030-00016384 the mattress out the box seems pretty
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00017-00016385-00016435 easy
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00018-00016436-00016702 all the tools are right here I even got
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00019-00016703-00017143 a new screwdriver Wow look at that
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00020-00017144-00018023 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00021-00018024-00019124 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00022-00019125-00020895 so that is all done and I like that
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00023-00020896-00021054 there's space I got a wooden base that
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00024-00021055-00021237 they sent me like that there's so much
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00025-00021238-00021444 like space at the bottom it looks nice
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00026-00021445-00021692 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00027-00021693-00022146 and the disassembly is just as easy so
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00028-00022147-00022419 that is very convenient especially when
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00029-00022420-00022479 moving
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00030-00022480-00022674 you have both bases that you either
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00031-00022675-00022962 gotta like take the whole base right and
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00032-00022963-00023175 like how it is or you gotta sell it or
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00033-00023176-00023484 break you down like not as bad break it
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00034-00023485-00025515 down super simply all right there by
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00035-00025516-00025689 this is a Redemption week last week I
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00036-00025689-00025968 did a 545 it was kind of a risky thing
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00037-00025969-00026316 with a bench and I had them submit the
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00038-00026317-00026517 slingshot this week I'm gonna do it
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00039-00026518-00026714 again maybe even more I think I got a
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00040-00026716-00026985 spot today so we might pull this off
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00041-00026986-00027222 just to prove everybody wrong cuz I like
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00042-00027223-00027420 proving people wrong but with that being
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00043-00027420-00027651 said creative blobs earphones right here
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00044-00027652-00027833 this is all this is it right here baby
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00045-00027835-00028050 this is it right here creative land
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00046-00028051-00028437 headphones stick it in boom both usko
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00047-00028438-00028725 aftermath 10% off man the link will be
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00048-00028726-00028935 in the description wow that was a lot of
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00049-00028936-00029130 spit did you guys see that because I
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00050-00029131-00029298 just saw that [__] and it was disgusting
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00051-00029299-00029526 but anyways link in the description make
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00052-00029527-00029708 sure you grab me the creative labs got
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00053-00029710-00029901 you know actually it's us stock creative
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00054-00029902-00030024 laughs I don't know it's in the
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00055-00030025-00030087 description
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00056-00030088-00030252 grab these words let's get this workout
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00057-00030252-00030492 in baby let's go push pull and then
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00058-00030493-00030608 surprisingly loud
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00059-00030610-00030789 like I was actually blown away by how
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00060-00030789-00030945 loud these are these are probably my
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00061-00030945-00031095 favorite headphones out of the group I
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00062-00031095-00031248 know the other ones a lot of people said
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00063-00031249-00031386 they're a little bit too big but these
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00064-00031387-00031583 are perfect no wires I hate wires
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00065-00031585-00031848 especially under athletic [__] so this
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00066-00031849-00031912 is really good
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00067-00031913-00033041 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00068-00033042-00033300 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00069-00033301-00034682 I'm in this year moving quick this is
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00070-00034683-00035689 got that fast pace right here
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00071-00035690-00035991 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00072-00035992-00037468 that's the warm-up just realized ain't
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00073-00037469-00037939 ate today got a some guy come in to fix
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00074-00037940-00038200 the toilet and [__] then I was making up
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00075-00038201-00038626 the bed doing that and then I'm here
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00076-00038627-00038755 well I never think about eating when I
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00077-00038756-00039265 wake up I have issues eating I need to
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00078-00039266-00039589 eatin coach eat this time do this do
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00079-00039590-00040152 this
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00080-00040153-00041254 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00081-00041255-00042095 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00082-00042096-00042413 don't forget we are back in stock with
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00083-00042414-00042654 breath the yokai comes in a nice bag
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00084-00042655-00043101 like this open it up get a nice bottle
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00085-00043102-00043470 boom and there's 2 2 supplies with this
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00086-00043471-00043679 this is the refill pack and then you got
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00087-00043680-00043985 this so what you do you open it up just
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00088-00043986-00044596 activator you put it in the cap back on
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00089-00044597-00044863 if you already know shake and bake baby
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00090-00044864-00045586 shake and bake then
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00091-00045587-00046134 oh [__] Oh feel like the rock
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00092-00046135-00047073 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00093-00047074-00048061 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00094-00048062-00048192 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00095-00048193-00048685 thank you I appreciate it man
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00096-00048686-00048928 oh thank you very much love you I hate
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00097-00048929-00049438 that [__] little too hard oh my God look
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00098-00049439-00049508 at that
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00099-00049509-00050713 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00100-00050714-00051025 oh [__]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00101-00051026-00051502 I need a blow my nose clear my sinuses
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00102-00051503-00052087 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00103-00052088-00052189 [Applause]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00104-00052190-00052450 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00105-00052451-00053021 ready
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00106-00053022-00053374 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00107-00053375-00053925 what
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00108-00053926-00054661 [__] limits on the bounce coming up got
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00109-00054662-00055207 one more time yeah no it's easier it's
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00110-00055208-00055450 easier yeah but this just slipped out of
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00111-00055451-00055686 my elbow so that's why I like lost it
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00112-00055687-00056140 565 elbows yeah it's a slingshot it
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00113-00056141-00056320 helps with a like overall I going
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00114-00056321-00056616 overboard with the ribbon Ching so my
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00115-00056617-00056914 elbows slipped out the thing and I felt
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00116-00056915-00057190 a little weirdness in my wrist so what
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00117-00057191-00057379 I'm gonna do is tighten up my wrist also
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00118-00057379-00057535 you can get all these products from
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00119-00057536-00057859 slingshot use go aftermath I'm gonna
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00120-00057860-00058189 wrap up my eye wrist make sure my wrist
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00121-00058190-00058404 doesn't take a beating doing this cuz
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00122-00058405-00061262 there's a lot of weight one two
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00123-00061263-00061449 are you good you're good
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00124-00061450-00061704 ha I felt that that was good that was
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00125-00061704-00061965 good oh yeah I felt that I don't feel
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00126-00061966-00062279 good I don't feel good I know going in
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00127-00062280-00062424 the chat but don't feel good
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00128-00062425-00062721 now with chess for like for the rest of
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00129-00062722-00063066 this week today's Friday so I think
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00130-00063066-00063294 Sunday on my hitch just one more time I
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00131-00063295-00063414 need three times this week
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00132-00063415-00063651 actually not this is the third chest we
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00133-00063652-00063980 got nothing else but this workout with
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00134-00063982-00064182 nothing else but what I just did bench
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00135-00064183-00064497 and then I'm going train back I'm not uh
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00136-00064498-00064773 I'm not gonna punish my foreign delts
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00137-00064774-00064989 and shoulders like that after the stress
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00138-00064990-00065286 that I put myself and benching this
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00139-00065287-00065571 whole week so in order to keep myself
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00140-00065572-00065868 from rounding out we want to do things
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00141-00065869-00066162 to work on the back end what we're gonna
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00142-00066163-00066479 do this does not take a lot of weight
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00143-00066480-00067409 I'm gonna be on the eggs on down up
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00144-00067410-00068108 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00145-00068109-00068388 this will help help with keeping your
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00146-00068389-00068565 shoulder from rounding forward from all
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00147-00068566-00068826 the excessive benching oh you must these
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00148-00068827-00069051 are must do exercises this is very tough
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00149-00069052-00069498 15 pounds for me is very tough
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00150-00069499-00071151 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00151-00071152-00071685 [Applause]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00152-00071686-00072076 next up shoulder mobility helps rithly
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00153-00072077-00072409 we got pull-ups that's right boom right
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00154-00072410-00072744 left
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00155-00072745-00073869 six times every time I do this a back
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00156-00073870-00073989 feel strong with my shoulders feel
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00157-00073990-00074241 healthier it's very it's a pretty events
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00158-00074242-00074523 move me but if you can get yourself to
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00159-00074524-00074784 come in to do it we have the strength I
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00160-00074785-00075033 would say you shouldn't be trying there
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00161-00075034-00075150 so unless you can do 15 pull-ups
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00162-00075151-00075549 bodyweight at least 15 we 5-1 way from
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00163-00075550-00076994 left five to the right so two movements
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00164-00076995-00077364 you saw first do those two Tom's is the
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00165-00077365-00077529 last movement right here that I like to
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00166-00077530-00077814 do it's going back and forth boom back
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00167-00077815-00078489 and forth to 10 times in all right so
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00168-00078490-00078696 next stuff well I think a lot of people
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00169-00078697-00078861 kind of go against sometimes but I like
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00170-00078862-00079062 to do especially my upper back strength
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00171-00079063-00079254 and make sure my shoulders don't rotate
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00172-00079255-00079428 forward from [__] so much just
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00173-00079429-00079623 dumbbell upright rows I don't really
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00174-00079624-00079794 doing so much with the barbells
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00175-00079795-00079932 all right the dumbbells because I get
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00176-00079933-00080151 more of those go over free motion right
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00177-00080152-00080340 more of a correction more of a
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00178-00080341-00080601 unilateral strength building each side
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00179-00080602-00080826 equally instead of sometimes barbell you
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00180-00080827-00081009 can have another part helping the other
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00181-00081010-00081270 I say if this arms weaker I can like you
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00182-00081271-00081567 know force this more of to make me equal
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00183-00081568-00081891 but we want to do about 10 to 15 reps
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00184-00081892-00082613 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00185-00082614-00083428 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00186-00083429-00083657 [Applause]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00187-00083658-00084192 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00188-00084193-00084349 [Applause]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00189-00084350-00085484 [Music]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00190-00085485-00085656 [Applause]
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00191-00085657-00086098 20 hand walk huh 20 seconds forward back
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00192-00086099-00086368 oh my god
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00193-00086369-00086781 please take a break very difficult right
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00194-00086782-00087054 depends on how much mobility you have
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00195-00087055-00087463 and also helps if you have a wider wider
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00196-00087464-00087730 belt on your treadmill this needs to be
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00197-00087731-00087982 taken lightly if you if you feel like
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00198-00087983-00088267 your arms or wrist especially your
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00199-00088268-00088480 wrists especially are too tight don't do
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00200-00088481-00088693 it backwards just do it forward but
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00201-00088694-00088936 backwards is the next level floor it is
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00202-00088937-00089203 the first so we start building that
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00203-00089204-00089542 mobility the shoulders and wrists you
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00204-00089543-00089671 can do back with or you just do a crab
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00205-00089672-00089848 walk you don't need a treadmill just do
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00206-00089849-00090178 regular crab walks I hope you guys enjoy
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00207-00090179-00090331 I know a lot of like bench videos coming
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00208-00090332-00090643 back to back lately Blin it kind of is
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00209-00090644-00090898 what it is right now man I don't know my
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00210-00090899-00091168 this week has been kind of off with with
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00211-00091169-00091366 with workouts and stuff because I've
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00212-00091367-00091549 been kind of once a gym by myself and
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00213-00091550-00092056 just filming whatever and I mean [__] it
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00214-00092057-00092176 is what it is man
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00215-00092177-00092329 either way y'all to get information
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00216-00092330-00092530 y'all are getting to work out try to
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00217-00092531-00092719 work out try the movements make sure you
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00218-00092720-00092860 like it subscribe to the channel
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00219-00092861-00093061 twitch streams are from Monday Mondays
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00220-00093062-00093394 Wednesdays and Fridays 8 p.m. PST so
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00221-00093395-00093559 definitely check out my twitch to twitch
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00222-00093560-00093793 streams if you have Amazon Prime you can
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00223-00093794-00094105 subscribe for free Amazon Prime members
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00224-00094106-00094312 subscribe for free alright catch you
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00225-00094313-00095179 guys on the street of course my life
+cDO38rkKk2Y-00226-00095180-00095295 matters to me
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+cEBaXLSJa6I-00000-00000078-00000707 foreign
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+cEBaXLSJa6I-00003-00001646-00002010 yeah
+cEBaXLSJa6I-00004-00002011-00002452 today was an exceptionally great day
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+cGO_OBIIVmA-00002-00002816-00005702 youtube
+cGO_OBIIVmA-00003-00005703-00005999 the youth standard bearer of a nation
+cGO_OBIIVmA-00004-00006000-00006302 answer according to iqbal youth is the
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+cGO_OBIIVmA-00015-00008664-00009006 fabric of the nation question number two
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+cGO_OBIIVmA-00018-00009375-00009678 answer according to more youth can
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+cGO_OBIIVmA-00026-00011639-00011846 question number three
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+cGO_OBIIVmA-00049-00018495-00018743 in action question number five according
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+cGO_OBIIVmA-00053-00019495-00019807 answer according to called youtuner
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+cGO_OBIIVmA-00057-00020672-00021228 on temporary and unreliable achievements
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+cJRvLycrYfu-00007-00012078-00012175 foreign
+cJRvLycrYfu-00008-00012176-00012409 [Applause]
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+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00000-00000043-00000313 Anthony John Green born the second of
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00001-00000314-00000586 March 1960 is an Australian psychologist
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00002-00000587-00000904 and commentator he is the Australian
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00003-00000905-00001118 Broadcasting Corporation's election
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00004-00001119-00001647 analyst
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00005-00001648-00002279 topic early years and background
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00006-00002280-00002519 born in Warrington Lancashire in
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00007-00002520-00002717 northern England Greene emigrated to
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00008-00002718-00003098 Australia with his family in 1964 he
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00009-00003099-00003322 attended James ruse agricultural high
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00010-00003323-00003658 school in Sydney graduating in 1977
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00011-00003659-00003926 Green graduated with a Bachelor of
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00012-00003927-00004169 Science in mathematics and computing and
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00013-00004170-00004388 a Bachelor of economics with honors in
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00014-00004389-00004643 politics from the University of Sydney
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00015-00004644-00004949 he worked initially as a data analyst in
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00016-00004950-00005150 the computing industry and for a polling
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00017-00005151-00006006 company before joining the ABC in 1989
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00018-00006007-00006517 topic career
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00019-00006518-00006775 Green first appeared on the ABCs
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00020-00006776-00006988 election night television coverage in
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00021-00006989-00007318 the 1991 NSW general election following
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00022-00007319-00007609 with the federal election in 1993 as of
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00023-00007609-00007936 2016 he had analyzed over 60 Australian
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00024-00007937-00008140 territory state and federal elections
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00025-00008141-00008449 for the ABC starting with the 1989
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00026-00008450-00008704 Queensland state election to the 2019
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00027-00008705-00008950 federal election he designed the
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00028-00008951-00009178 computer system that he uses to display
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00029-00009179-00009388 and predict election results based on
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00030-00009389-00009625 automated result feeds from Australia's
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00031-00009626-00009853 Electoral Commission's as the ABCs
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00032-00009854-00009964 election analyst
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00033-00009965-00010185 Green is responsible for the content of
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00034-00010186-00010456 its election website he also has
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00035-00010457-00010696 editorial responsibility for its data
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00036-00010697-00010894 analysis and for their election night
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00037-00010895-00011191 results service he is considered the
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00038-00011192-00011533 face of election night coverage in time
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00039-00011534-00011752 for the 2013 federal election campaign
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00040-00011753-00011962 Green helped introduce the voter
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00041-00011963-00012238 engagement tool vote compass to the ABC
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00042-00012239-00012556 website it enables voters to gauge how
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00043-00012557-00012763 their views align with candidates based
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00044-00012764-00012997 on party's statements on issues and also
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00045-00012997-00013255 provides Green and other analysts a data
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00046-00013256-00013456 set larger than traditional opinion
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00047-00013457-00013780 polls Green also writes a comprehensive
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00048-00013781-00014019 blog on electoral matters Green has said
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00049-00014020-00014194 that he tends not to do campaign
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00050-00014194-00014437 commentary and that he prefers to go
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00051-00014438-00014619 into an election night with no
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00052-00014620-00014863 preconceived view on the outcome and to
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00053-00014863-00015088 just concentrate on understanding the
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00054-00015088-00015447 data as it comes in in a 2015 interview
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00055-00015448-00015691 he explained that some of the work in
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00056-00015691-00015868 preparation for his election night
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00057-00015869-00016054 coverage can start years earlier
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00058-00016055-00016312 including building up the database with
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00059-00016313-00016525 candidates polling places and past
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00060-00016526-00016744 results and calculating the impact of
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00061-00016745-00017056 redistributions he also recounted the
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00062-00017057-00017242 move from doing the coverage from tally
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00063-00017243-00017478 rooms to the studio after his nightmare
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00064-00017479-00017668 of the power outage during the on-air
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00065-00017669-00017919 coverage of the 2010 victorious state
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00066-00017920-00018150 election in addition to analyzing and
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00067-00018151-00018346 commenting on elections for the ABC
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00068-00018347-00018586 green rights election analysis for
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00069-00018587-00018802 third-party media outlets such as The
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00070-00018803-00019012 Sydney Morning Herald in crikey and has
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00071-00019013-00019171 appeared before the Joint Standing
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00072-00019172-00019381 Committee on electoral matters of the
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00073-00019382-00019606 Australian Parliament urging reform of
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00074-00019607-00019797 the ticket voting system used in
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00075-00019798-00019894 Australian
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00076-00019895-00020182 elections in 2014 the University of
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00077-00020183-00020413 Sydney recognized green with an honorary
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00078-00020414-00020694 Doctor of Letters this was followed in
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00079-00020695-00020935 2015 by appointment as an adjunct
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00080-00020936-00021136 professor in Sydney University's
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00081-00021137-00021292 department of government and
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00082-00021293-00021505 international relations recognising
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00083-00021506-00021700 Greens work in the study of elections
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00084-00021701-00021871 greens contribution to political
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00085-00021872-00022125 analysis was celebrated in the song
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00086-00022126-00022444 Antony green in the musical Keating
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00087-00022445-00022650 where he was represented as an animated
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00088-00022651-00023014 character in the australian 2017 Queen's
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00089-00023015-00023200 Birthday Honours List Green was
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00090-00023201-00023380 appointed an Officer of the Order of
+cM_6YjOM_Tc-00091-00023381-00023601 Australia
+cNtE48bv8u4-00000-00000008-00000173 [Music]
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+cNtE48bv8u4-00014-00021858-00024505 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00015-00024506-00024822 thank you
+cNtE48bv8u4-00016-00024823-00025727 [Music]
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+cNtE48bv8u4-00026-00041690-00041935 thank you
+cNtE48bv8u4-00027-00041936-00042841 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00028-00042842-00043823 [Music]
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+cNtE48bv8u4-00037-00058694-00058986 thank you
+cNtE48bv8u4-00038-00058987-00059891 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00039-00059891-00062185 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00040-00062186-00062484 thank you
+cNtE48bv8u4-00041-00062485-00064561 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00042-00064562-00064816 thank you
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+cNtE48bv8u4-00044-00065101-00067943 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00045-00067944-00068003 ah
+cNtE48bv8u4-00046-00068004-00068111 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00047-00068112-00071044 a
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+cNtE48bv8u4-00049-00071203-00074087 [Music]
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+cNtE48bv8u4-00051-00074398-00076888 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00052-00076889-00077191 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00053-00077192-00077476 thank you
+cNtE48bv8u4-00054-00077477-00077645 foreign
+cNtE48bv8u4-00056-00081222-00081516 foreign
+cNtE48bv8u4-00057-00081517-00084323 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00058-00084324-00084481 foreign
+cNtE48bv8u4-00059-00084482-00085387 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00060-00085388-00087437 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00061-00087438-00087879 foreign
+cNtE48bv8u4-00062-00087880-00090706 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00063-00090707-00091403 foreign
+cNtE48bv8u4-00064-00091404-00093895 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00065-00093896-00094235 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00066-00094236-00094365 foreign
+cNtE48bv8u4-00067-00094366-00097247 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00068-00097248-00097668 foreign
+cNtE48bv8u4-00070-00102307-00102618 thank you
+cNtE48bv8u4-00071-00102619-00105028 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00072-00105029-00105182 foreign
+cNtE48bv8u4-00074-00109670-00109963 thank you
+cNtE48bv8u4-00075-00109964-00110868 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00076-00110869-00111586 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00077-00111588-00111833 this one
+cNtE48bv8u4-00078-00111833-00112070 foreign
+cNtE48bv8u4-00079-00112071-00114821 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00080-00114822-00115483 foreign
+cNtE48bv8u4-00082-00119274-00119355 foreign
+cNtE48bv8u4-00084-00123296-00123971 thank you
+cNtE48bv8u4-00085-00123972-00126877 [Music]
+cNtE48bv8u4-00086-00126878-00127174 thank you
+cNtE48bv8u4-00087-00127175-00127392 [Music]
+cPQ-vW3ePF4-00000-00000016-00000223 we can't let anything bad happen to our
+cPQ-vW3ePF4-00001-00000224-00000430 little buddy because we're more than
+cPQ-vW3ePF4-00002-00000431-00000719 teammates we're friends
+cPQ-vW3ePF4-00003-00000720-00001176 it's so nice to have real friends
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00000-00000008-00000318 okay our mission today is to make a gun
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00001-00000319-00000703 out of lego proof of lego it's pieces of
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00002-00000704-00001007 plastic are going to be full red
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00003-00001008-00001135 because there's no purple we need a
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00004-00001136-00001374 foundation a foundation
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00005-00001375-00001535 you know you've got all the foundations
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00006-00001536-00001702 what's the line i
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00007-00001703-00002591 think what i'm going to bulk
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00008-00002592-00002918 okay you have to make a better gun
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00009-00002919-00002966 before
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00010-00002967-00003231 the video ends you know it has been made
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00011-00003232-00003486 here's one
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00012-00003488-00003631 how many guns you're making the same are
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00013-00003632-00003870 you making them give me some of those
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00014-00003871-00004135 they must do its job fine fine fine
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00015-00004136-00004335 let's be long enough let's handle the
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00016-00004336-00004454 strength of a gun
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00017-00004455-00004670 oh look a golden wheel you know i'm
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00018-00004671-00004999 gonna be original
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00019-00005000-00005143 what you're going to do i'm going to
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00020-00005144-00005399 make a 3d gun
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00021-00005400-00005591 okay we can make a 2d gun if you want
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00022-00005592-00006115 but uh
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00023-00006116-00007110 [Music]
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00024-00007111-00007463 is working now it's true my brain is
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00025-00007464-00007606 working
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00026-00007608-00007719 how do you make the bottom piece of the
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00027-00007720-00007998 gun it's having
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00028-00008000-00008446 it's having shape though
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00029-00008447-00008783 think about it i'm a genius i'm going
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00030-00008784-00008951 with rainbow
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00031-00008952-00009347 as you can see really obvious
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00032-00009348-00009463 [Music]
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00033-00009464-00009799 brain work it's finally
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00034-00009800-00011199 doing
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00035-00011200-00012231 nothing ah
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00036-00012232-00014030 all done
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00037-00014031-00014183 why don't you comment down below how it
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00038-00014184-00014391 looks
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00039-00014391-00014807 right there mine is old and dangerous
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00040-00014808-00015207 no this is like a little two gun
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00041-00015208-00015558 made by a 3d printer and maybe
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00042-00015559-00015950 that's true okay can i'm going to give
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00043-00015951-00016143 you a chance to make another gun
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00044-00016144-00016311 if you don't make this gun good i'm
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00045-00016312-00016503 going to be the one in the comments
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00046-00016504-00016630 people that can do in the comments down
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00047-00016631-00016855 below he's going to make sure that you
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00048-00016856-00017967 lose
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00049-00017968-00018207 the top is finished come on guys and
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00050-00018208-00018880 let's say this is bad
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00051-00018881-00019703 [Music]
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00052-00019704-00020111 nice minigun oh like a shotgun
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00053-00020112-00020675 thanks that's how good i am
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00054-00020676-00020814 [Music]
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00055-00020815-00021071 okay the next video we're gonna see who
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00056-00021072-00021167 we lost in the
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00057-00021168-00021399 battle for example we're gonna drop this
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00058-00021400-00021511 from certain heights
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00059-00021512-00021983 and two breaks first this versus
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00060-00021984-00022391 this
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00061-00022392-00022607 it's you know today safe and false it
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00062-00022608-00022886 won't shoot you
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00063-00022887-00024071 like safety
+cQk9FrpqGvy-00064-00024072-00024279 you
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00000-00000054-00000362 in particle physics supersymmetry Susy
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00001-00000363-00000536 is a principle that proposes a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00002-00000537-00000761 relationship between two basic classes
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00003-00000762-00000990 of elementary particles bosons which
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00004-00000991-00001218 have an integer valued spin and fermions
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00005-00001219-00001518 which have a half integer spin a type of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00006-00001519-00001746 space time symmetry supersymmetry is a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00007-00001747-00001938 possible candidate for undiscovered
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00008-00001939-00002172 particle physics and seen as an elegant
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00009-00002173-00002361 solution to many current problems in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00010-00002362-00002556 particle physics if confirmed correct
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00011-00002557-00002751 which could resolve various areas where
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00012-00002752-00002901 current theories are believed to be
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00013-00002902-00003201 incomplete a supersymmetrical extension
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00014-00003202-00003360 to the standard model would resolve
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00015-00003361-00003576 major hierarchy problems within gauge
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00016-00003577-00003771 theory by guaranteeing that quadratic
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00017-00003772-00003993 divergences of all orders will cancel
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00018-00003994-00004208 out in perturbation theory in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00019-00004209-00004467 supersymmetry each particle from one
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00020-00004468-00004668 group would have an Associated particle
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00021-00004669-00004821 in the other which is known as its
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00022-00004822-00005022 superpartner the spin of which differs
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00023-00005023-00005292 by a half integer these superpartners
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00024-00005293-00005490 would be new and undiscovered particles
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00025-00005491-00005706 for example there would be a particle
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00026-00005707-00006003 called a-- Selectron superpartner
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00027-00006004-00006210 electron a bosonic partner of the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00028-00006211-00006434 electron in the simplest supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00029-00006436-00006706 theories with perfectly unbroken
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00030-00006707-00006948 supersymmetry each pair of super
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00031-00006948-00007119 partners would share the same mass and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00032-00007120-00007327 internal quantum numbers besides spin
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00033-00007328-00007634 since we expect to find these super
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00034-00007635-00007919 partners using present-day equipment if
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00035-00007920-00008162 supersymmetry exists then it consists of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00036-00008163-00008405 a spontaneously broken symmetry allowing
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00037-00008406-00008644 super partners to differ in mass
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00038-00008645-00008906 spontaneously broken supersymmetry could
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00039-00008907-00009092 solve many mysterious problems in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00040-00009093-00009308 particle physics including the hierarchy
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00041-00009309-00009578 problem there is no evidence at this
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00042-00009579-00009710 time to show whether or not
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00043-00009711-00009917 supersymmetry is correct or what other
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00044-00009918-00010109 extensions to current models might be
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00045-00010110-00010385 more accurate in part this is because it
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00046-00010386-00010631 is only since around 2010 that particle
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00047-00010632-00010835 accelerators specifically designed to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00048-00010836-00011009 study physics beyond the standard model
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00049-00011010-00011226 have become operational and because it
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00050-00011227-00011420 is not yet known where exactly to look
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00051-00011421-00011588 nor the energies required for a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00052-00011589-00011883 successful search the main reasons for
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00053-00011884-00012069 supersymmetry being supported by
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00054-00012070-00012230 physicists says that the current
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00055-00012231-00012413 theories are known to be incomplete and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00056-00012414-00012537 their limitations are well established
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00057-00012538-00012794 and supersymmetry would be an attractive
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00058-00012795-00013010 solution to some of the major concerns
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00059-00013011-00013241 direct confirmation would entail
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00060-00013243-00013425 production of super partners in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00061-00013426-00013622 Lichter experiments such as the Large
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00062-00013623-00013974 Hadron Collider LHC the first runs of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00063-00013975-00014211 the LHC found no previously unknown
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00064-00014212-00014375 particles other than the Higgs boson
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00065-00014376-00014613 which was already suspected to exist as
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00066-00014613-00014808 part of the standard model and therefore
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00067-00014809-00015099 no evidence for supersymmetry indirect
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00068-00015100-00015258 methods include the search for a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00069-00015259-00015513 permanent electric dipole moment EDM in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00070-00015513-00015716 the known standard model particles which
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00071-00015718-00015878 can arise when the standard model
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00072-00015879-00016011 particle interacts with the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00073-00016012-00016269 supersymmetric particles the current
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00074-00016269-00016491 best constraint on the electron electric
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00075-00016492-00016677 dipole moment put it to be smaller than
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00076-00016678-00016919 10 to 20 80 cm equivalent to a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00077-00016920-00017147 sensitivity to new physics at the TeV
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00078-00017148-00017316 scale and matching that of the current
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00079-00017317-00017630 best particle colliders a permanent EDM
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00080-00017631-00017825 in any fundamental particle points
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00081-00017826-00018050 towards time reversal violating physics
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00082-00018051-00018327 and therefore also CP symmetry violation
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00083-00018328-00018693 via the cpt theorem such EDM experiments
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00084-00018694-00018861 are also much more scalable than
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00085-00018862-00019071 conventional particle accelerators and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00086-00019072-00019230 offer a practical alternative to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00087-00019231-00019386 detecting physics beyond the standard
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00088-00019387-00019653 model as accelerator experiments become
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00089-00019654-00019878 increasingly costly and complicated to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00090-00019879-00020175 maintain these findings disappointed
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00091-00020176-00020333 many physicists who believe that
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00092-00020334-00020574 supersymmetry and other theories relying
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00093-00020575-00020778 upon it were by far the most promising
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00094-00020779-00021062 theories for new physics and had hoped
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00095-00021063-00021269 for signs of unexpected results from
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00096-00021270-00021578 these runs former enthusiastic supporter
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00097-00021579-00021786 Mikhail Shipman went as far as urging
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00098-00021787-00021978 the theoretical community to search for
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00099-00021979-00022178 new ideas and accept that supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00100-00022179-00022475 was a failed theory however it has also
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00101-00022476-00022811 been argued that this naturalness crisis
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00102-00022812-00022968 was premature because various
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00103-00022969-00023172 calculations were too optimistic about
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00104-00023173-00023355 the limits of masses which would allow a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00105-00023356-00024030 supersymmetry based solution
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00106-00024031-00024569 topic motivations
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00107-00024570-00024791 there are numerous phenomenological
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00108-00024792-00025013 motivations for supersymmetry close to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00109-00025014-00025183 the electroweak scale as well as
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00110-00025184-00025375 technical motivations for supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00111-00025376-00025958 at any scale
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00112-00025960-00026354 topic the hierarchy problem
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00113-00026355-00026512 you
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00114-00026513-00026760 supersymmetry close to the electroweak
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00115-00026761-00026982 scale ameliorates the hierarchy problem
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00116-00026983-00027252 that afflicts the standard model in the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00117-00027252-00027452 standard model the electroweak scale
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00118-00027454-00027660 receives enormous Planck scale quantum
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00119-00027661-00027914 Corrections the observed hierarchy
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00120-00027916-00028095 between the electroweak scale and the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00121-00028095-00028257 Planck scale must be achieved with
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00122-00028258-00028490 extraordinary fine-tuning in a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00123-00028491-00028704 supersymmetric theory on the other hand
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00124-00028705-00028929 Planck scale quantum Corrections cancel
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00125-00028930-00029106 between partners and super partners
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00126-00029107-00029304 owing to a minus sign associated with
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00127-00029305-00029583 fermionic loops the hierarchy between
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00128-00029583-00029775 the electroweak scale and the Planck
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00129-00029776-00029964 scale is achieved in a natural manner
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00130-00029964-00030618 without miraculous fine-tuning
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00131-00030619-00031210 topic gauge coupling unification
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00132-00031211-00031449 the idea that the gauge symmetry groups
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00133-00031450-00031657 unify at high energy is called grand
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00134-00031658-00031939 unification theory in the standard model
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00135-00031939-00032127 however the weak strong and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00136-00032128-00032352 electromagnetic couplings fail to unify
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00137-00032353-00032658 at high energy in a supersymmetry Theory
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00138-00032659-00032830 the running of the gauge couplings are
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00139-00032831-00033027 modified and precise high energy
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00140-00033028-00033214 unification of the gauge couplings is
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00141-00033215-00033477 achieved the modified running also
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00142-00033478-00033652 provides a natural mechanism for
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00143-00033653-00034341 radiative electroweak symmetry breaking
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00144-00034342-00034845 topic dark matter
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00145-00034846-00035149 TV scale supersymmetry augmented with a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00146-00035150-00035368 discrete symmetry typically provides a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00147-00035369-00035585 candidate Dark Matter particle at a mass
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00148-00035586-00035770 scale consistent with thermal relic
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00149-00035771-00036378 abundance calculations
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00150-00036379-00036987 topic other technical motivations
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00151-00036988-00037231 supersymmetry is also motivated by
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00152-00037232-00037402 solutions to several theoretical
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00153-00037403-00037630 problems for generally providing many
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00154-00037631-00037849 desirable mathematical properties and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00155-00037850-00038047 for ensuring sensible behavior at high
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00156-00038048-00038347 energies supersymmetric quantum field
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00157-00038348-00038530 theory is often much easier to analyze
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00158-00038531-00038740 as many more problems become
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00159-00038741-00038965 mathematically tractable when
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00160-00038966-00039181 supersymmetry is imposed as a local
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00161-00039182-00039358 symmetry Einstein's theory of general
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00162-00039359-00039631 relativity as included automatically and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00163-00039632-00039793 the result is said to be a theory of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00164-00039794-00040045 super gravity it is also a necessary
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00165-00040046-00040285 feature of the most popular candidate
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00166-00040286-00040489 for a theory of everything super string
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00167-00040490-00040665 theory and a Susy theory could explain
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00168-00040666-00040932 the issue of cosmological inflation
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00169-00040933-00041212 another theoretically appealing property
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00170-00041213-00041407 of supersymmetry is that it offers the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00171-00041408-00041707 only loophole to the coleman mandala
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00172-00041708-00041911 theorem which prohibits space-time and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00173-00041912-00042112 internal symmetries from being combined
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00174-00042113-00042328 in any non-trivial way for quantum field
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00175-00042329-00042505 theories like the standard model with
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00176-00042506-00042793 very general assumptions the hog Lopes
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00177-00042794-00042987 and Suki Sonia's theorem demonstrates
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00178-00042988-00043174 that supersymmetry is the only way
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00179-00043175-00043384 space-time and internal symmetries can
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00180-00043385-00044017 be combined consistently
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00181-00044018-00044509 topic history
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00182-00044510-00044849 you
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00183-00044850-00045360 topic origination
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00184-00045361-00045593 the father of supersymmetry is Kurt
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00185-00045594-00045780 gödel he theorized two things that
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00186-00045781-00046049 support this fact first he theorized
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00187-00046050-00046254 that the universe is not expanding but
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00188-00046255-00046548 rotating the centrifugal force arising
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00189-00046549-00046695 from the rotation was what kept
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00190-00046696-00046857 everything from collapsing under the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00191-00046858-00047087 force of gravity what makes this
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00192-00047088-00047280 universe weird is the way it mixes up
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00193-00047281-00047535 space and time second that if the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00194-00047536-00047745 universe is truly supper symmetric then
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00195-00047746-00047907 by completing a sufficiently long
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00196-00047908-00048117 round-trip in a sufficiently advanced
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00197-00048118-00048282 spaceship a resident of gödel's
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00198-00048283-00048483 theoretical supersymmetric universe
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00199-00048484-00048764 could travel to any point in time Albert
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00200-00048765-00048974 Einstein followed gödel's theory up by
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00201-00048975-00049218 stating this separation between past
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00202-00049219-00049467 present and future is only an illusion
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00203-00049468-00049914 if a stubborn one Jim Holt 2018 when
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00204-00049915-00050142 Einstein walked with gödel excursions to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00205-00050143-00050700 the edge of thought
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00206-00050701-00051259 topic quantum field theory
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00207-00051260-00051673 Jael Gervaise and visa kita in 1971 you
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00208-00051674-00052104 a gulf end and EP Lichtman also in 1971
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00209-00052105-00052467 and DV volkov and vp Akula 1972
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00210-00052469-00052692 independently rediscovered supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00211-00052694-00052957 in the context of quantum field theory a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00212-00052958-00053142 radically new type of symmetry of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00213-00053144-00053365 space-time and fundamental fields which
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00214-00053366-00053533 establishes a relationship between
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00215-00053534-00053701 elementary particles of different
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00216-00053702-00053953 quantum nature bosons and fermions and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00217-00053954-00054148 unifies space diamond internal
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00218-00054149-00054378 symmetries of microscopic phenomena
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00219-00054379-00054613 supersymmetry with a consistent ly
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00220-00054614-00054832 algebraic graded structure on which the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00221-00054833-00055048 Gervaise minus sikita rediscovery was
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00222-00055049-00055363 based directly first arose in 1971 in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00223-00055364-00055534 the context of an early version of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00224-00055535-00055762 string theory by pierre ramond John H
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00225-00055763-00056388 Schwartz and Andre Neville
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00226-00056389-00057010 topic supersymmetric field theory
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00227-00057011-00057388 Julius Wes's and Bruno Zuma know in 1974
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00228-00057389-00057562 identified the characteristic
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00229-00057563-00057721 renormalization features of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00230-00057722-00057928 four-dimensional supersymmetric field
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00231-00057929-00058104 theories which identified them as
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00232-00058105-00058329 remarkable QFT s and they in abdus
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00233-00058330-00058489 salaam and their fellow researchers
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00234-00058490-00058663 introduced early particle physics
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00235-00058664-00058941 applications the mathematical structure
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00236-00058942-00059154 of supersymmetry graded lies super
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00237-00059155-00059362 algebra has subsequently been applied
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00238-00059363-00059578 successfully to other topics of physics
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00239-00059579-00059794 ranging from nuclear physics critical
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00240-00059795-00059971 phenomena quantum mechanics to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00241-00059972-00060255 statistical physics it remains a vital
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00242-00060257-00060433 part of many proposed theories of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00243-00060434-00060687 physics the first realistic
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00244-00060688-00060877 supersymmetric version of the standard
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00245-00060878-00061195 model was proposed in 1977 by pierre
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00246-00061196-00061357 Fiat and is known as the minimal
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00247-00061358-00061612 supersymmetric standard model or MSS M
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00248-00061613-00061870 for short it was proposed to solve
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00249-00061871-00062055 amongst other things the hierarchy
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00250-00062057-00062604 problem
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00251-00062604-00063136 topic applications
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00252-00063137-00063476 you
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00253-00063477-00063780 topic extension of possible symmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00254-00063781-00064177 groups
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00255-00064178-00064404 one reason that physicists explored
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00256-00064405-00064605 supersymmetry is because it offers an
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00257-00064607-00064726 extension to the more familiar
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00258-00064727-00065035 symmetries of quantum field theory these
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00259-00065036-00065229 symmetries are grouped into the Poincare
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00260-00065230-00065430 a group and internal symmetries and the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00261-00065432-00065608 coleman mandala theorem showed that
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00262-00065609-00065809 under certain assumptions the symmetries
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00263-00065810-00066028 of the S matrix must be a direct product
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00264-00066029-00066223 of the Poincare a group with a compact
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00265-00066224-00066418 internal symmetry group or if there is
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00266-00066419-00066628 not any mass gap the conformal group
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00267-00066629-00066832 with a compact internal symmetry group
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00268-00066833-00067189 in 1971 Gulf ined and Lichtman were the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00269-00067190-00067396 first to show that the Poincare algebra
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00270-00067397-00067573 can be extended through introduction of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00271-00067574-00067708 four and two commuting spinner
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00272-00067709-00067909 generators in four dimensions which
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00273-00067910-00068229 later became known as supercharges in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00274-00068230-00068551 1975 the hog Lopes NC Sonja's theorem
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00275-00068552-00068779 analyzed all possible super algebras in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00276-00068780-00068971 the general form including those with an
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00277-00068972-00069166 extended number of the super generators
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00278-00069167-00069463 and central charges this extended super
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00279-00069464-00069634 Poincare algebra paved the way for
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00280-00069635-00069844 obtaining a very large and important
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00281-00069845-00070522 class of super symmetric field theories
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00282-00070523-00071094 topic the supersymmetry algebra
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00283-00071095-00071326 traditional symmetries of physics are
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00284-00071327-00071551 generated by objects that transform by
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00285-00071552-00071723 the tensor representations of the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00286-00071724-00071953 Poincare a group and internal symmetries
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00287-00071954-00072248 super symmetries however are generated
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00288-00072249-00072449 by objects that transform by the spin
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00289-00072450-00072712 representations according to the spin
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00290-00072713-00072878 statistics theorem bosonic fields
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00291-00072879-00073109 commute while fermionic fields and to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00292-00073110-00073346 commute combining the two kinds of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00293-00073347-00073562 fields into a single algebra requires
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00294-00073563-00073796 the introduction of a z2 grading under
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00295-00073797-00073987 which the bosons are the even elements
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00296-00073988-00074163 and the fermions are the odd elements
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00297-00074164-00074441 such an algebra is called a lie super
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00298-00074442-00074749 algebra the simplest supersymmetric
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00299-00074750-00074978 extension of the Poincare algebra is the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00300-00074979-00075262 super Poincare algebra expressed in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00301-00075263-00075461 terms of two whales Finers has the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00302-00075462-00075801 following anti commutation relation Q
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00303-00075802-00076924 alpha Q beta equals to Sigma mu alpha
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00304-00076925-00077518 beta P mu displaced aisle Q underscore
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00305-00077519-00077893 alpha bar Q underscore dot beta equals
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00306-00077894-00078205 to Sigma caret mu underscore alpha dot
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00307-00078206-00078568 beta P underscore mu and all other anti
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00308-00078569-00078779 commutation relations between the cues
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00309-00078780-00078976 and commutation relations between the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00310-00078977-00079223 Q's and PS vanish in the above
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00311-00079224-00079648 expression P mu
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00312-00079649-00080302 equals minus I mu display style P
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00313-00080303-00080512 underscore mu equals I partial
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00314-00080513-00080724 underscore mu
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00315-00080725-00080942 are the generators of translation and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00316-00080943-00081551 Sigma mu display style Sigma carat mu
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00317-00081552-00081810 are the poly matrices there are
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00318-00081811-00082031 representations of a lie super algebra
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00319-00082032-00082238 that are analogous to representations of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00320-00082239-00082532 a lie algebra each lie algebra has an
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00321-00082533-00082736 Associated Lee group and a lie super
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00322-00082737-00082935 algebra can sometimes be extended into
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00323-00082936-00083616 representations of a lie super group
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00324-00083617-00084266 topic the supersymmetric standard model
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00325-00084267-00084495 incorporating supersymmetry into the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00326-00084496-00084684 standard model requires doubling the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00327-00084685-00084861 number of particles since there is no
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00328-00084862-00085023 way that any of the particles in the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00329-00085024-00085224 standard model can be superpartners of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00330-00085225-00085428 each other with the addition of new
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00331-00085429-00085638 particles there are many possible new
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00332-00085639-00085895 interactions the simplest possible
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00333-00085896-00086121 supersymmetric model consistent with the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00334-00086122-00086274 standard model as the minimal
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00335-00086275-00086529 supersymmetric standard model MSS M
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00336-00086530-00086682 which can include the necessary
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00337-00086683-00086865 additional new particles that are able
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00338-00086866-00087039 to be superpartners of those in the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00339-00087040-00087279 standard model one of the main
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00340-00087280-00087474 motivations for susie comes from the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00341-00087475-00087699 quadratically divergent contributions to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00342-00087700-00087942 the higgs mass squared the quantum
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00343-00087943-00088119 mechanical interactions of the higgs
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00344-00088120-00088386 boson causes a large renormalization of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00345-00088387-00088554 the higgs mass and unless there is an
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00346-00088555-00088788 accidental cancellation the natural size
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00347-00088789-00088980 of the higgs mass as the greatest scale
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00348-00088981-00089244 possible this problem is known as the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00349-00089245-00089529 hierarchy problem supersymmetry reduces
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00350-00089530-00089718 the size of the quantum Corrections by
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00351-00089719-00089931 having automatic cancellations between
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00352-00089932-00090177 fermionic and bosonic higgs interactions
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00353-00090178-00090459 if supersymmetry is restored at the weak
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00354-00090460-00090666 scale then the higgs mass is related to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00355-00090667-00090855 super symmetry breaking which can be
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00356-00090856-00091011 induced from small non perturbative
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00357-00091012-00091239 effects explaining the vastly different
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00358-00091240-00091413 scales in the weak interactions and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00359-00091414-00091704 gravitational interactions in many
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00360-00091705-00091917 supersymmetric standard models there is
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00361-00091918-00092109 a heavy stable particle such as
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00362-00092110-00092172 neutralino
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00363-00092173-00092313 which could serve as a weakly
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00364-00092314-00092514 interacting massive particle wimp
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00365-00092515-00092799 Dark Matter candidate the existence of a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00366-00092800-00093027 super symmetric Dark Matter candidate is
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00367-00093028-00093272 related closely to our parody the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00368-00093273-00093522 standard paradigm for incorporating
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00369-00093523-00093759 supersymmetry into a realistic theory as
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00370-00093760-00093936 to have the underlying dynamics of the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00371-00093937-00094137 theory be super symmetric but the ground
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00372-00094138-00094323 state of the theory does not respect the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00373-00094324-00094515 symmetry and supersymmetry is broken
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00374-00094516-00094818 spontaneously the supersymmetry break
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00375-00094819-00094977 cannot be done permanently by the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00376-00094978-00095187 particles of the MSS M as they currently
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00377-00095188-00095448 appear this means that there is a new
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00378-00095449-00095652 sector of the theory that is responsible
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00379-00095653-00095907 for the breaking the only constraint on
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00380-00095908-00096078 this new sector is that it must break
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00381-00096079-00096291 supersymmetry permanently and must give
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00382-00096292-00096609 super particles TeV scale masses there
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00383-00096610-00096782 are many models that can do this and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00384-00096783-00096977 most of their details do not matter in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00385-00096978-00097227 order to parameterize the relevant
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00386-00097228-00097407 features of supersymmetry breaking
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00387-00097408-00097631 arbitrary soft Susy breaking terms
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00388-00097632-00097791 added to the theory which temporarily
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00389-00097792-00098012 breaks Susy explicitly but could never
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00390-00098013-00098184 arise from a complete theory of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00391-00098185-00098758 supersymmetry breaking
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00392-00098759-00099322 topic gauge coupling unification
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00393-00099323-00099547 one piece of evidence for supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00394-00099548-00099819 existing is gauge coupling unification
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00395-00099820-00100126 the renormalization group evolution of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00396-00100127-00100306 the three gauge coupling constants of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00397-00100307-00100486 the standard model is somewhat sensitive
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00398-00100487-00100696 to the present particle content of the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00399-00100697-00100966 theory these coupling constants do not
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00400-00100967-00101137 quite meet together at a common energy
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00401-00101138-00101287 scale if we run the renormalization
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00402-00101288-00101602 group using the standard model with the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00403-00101603-00101767 addition of minimal Susy joint
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00404-00101768-00101962 convergence of the coupling constants as
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00405-00101963-00102751 projected at approximately 1016 GeV
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00406-00102752-00103422 topic supersymmetric quantum mechanics
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00407-00103423-00103644 supersymmetric quantum mechanics adds
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00408-00103645-00103843 the Susy super algebra to quantum
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00409-00103844-00104041 mechanics as opposed to quantum field
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00410-00104042-00104353 theory supersymmetric quantum mechanics
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00411-00104354-00104548 often becomes relevant when studying the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00412-00104549-00104800 dynamics of supersymmetric solitons and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00413-00104801-00104974 due to the simplified nature of having
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00414-00104975-00105178 fields which are only functions of time
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00415-00105179-00105394 rather than space-time a great deal of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00416-00105395-00105592 progress has been made in this subject
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00417-00105593-00105813 and it is now studied in its own right
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00418-00105814-00106117 Susy quantum mechanics involves pairs of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00419-00106118-00106335 hamiltonians which share a particular
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00420-00106336-00106525 mathematical relationship which are
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00421-00106526-00106708 called partner Hamiltonians the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00422-00106708-00106894 potential energy terms which occur in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00423-00106895-00107061 the Hamiltonians are then known as
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00424-00107063-00107257 partner potentials an introductory
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00425-00107258-00107470 theorem shows that for every eigenstate
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00426-00107471-00107644 of one hamiltonian its partner
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00427-00107645-00107788 hamiltonian has a corresponding
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00428-00107789-00108076 eigenstate with the same energy this
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00429-00108077-00108274 fact can be exploited to deduce many
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00430-00108275-00108490 properties of the eigenstate spectrum it
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00431-00108491-00108757 is analogous to the original description
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00432-00108758-00108960 of Susy which referred to bosons and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00433-00108961-00109267 fermions we can imagine a bosonic
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00434-00109268-00109531 hamiltonian whose eigenstates are the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00435-00109532-00109789 various bosons of our Theory the Susy
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00436-00109790-00109975 partner of this Hamiltonian would be
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00437-00109976-00110272 fermionic and its eigenstates would be
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00438-00110273-00110527 the theories fermions each boson would
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00439-00110528-00111204 have a fermionic partner of equal energy
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00440-00111205-00111520 topic supersymmetry in condensed matter
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00441-00111521-00111741 physics
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00442-00111742-00111904 you
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00443-00111905-00112141 soozee concepts have provided useful
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00444-00112142-00112447 extensions to the wkb approximation
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00445-00112448-00112687 additionally Susy has been applied to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00446-00112688-00112912 disorder average systems both quantum
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00447-00112913-00113077 and non quantum through statistical
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00448-00113078-00113239 mechanics the fokker-planck equation
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00449-00113240-00113491 being an example of a non quantum theory
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00450-00113492-00113776 the supersymmetry in all these systems
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00451-00113777-00113926 arises from the fact that one is
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00452-00113927-00114133 modeling one particle and as such that
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00453-00114134-00114398 statistics don't matter the use of the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00454-00114399-00114581 supersymmetry method provides a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00455-00114582-00114797 mathematical rigorous alternative to the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00456-00114798-00114952 replica trick but only in non
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00457-00114953-00115153 interacting systems which attempts to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00458-00115154-00115322 address the so-called problem of the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00459-00115323-00115622 denominator under disorder averaging for
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00460-00115623-00115748 more on the applications of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00461-00115749-00115903 supersymmetry in condensed matter
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00462-00115904-00116419 physics see the book
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00463-00116420-00117026 topic supersymmetry in optics
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00464-00117027-00117279 integrated optics was recently found to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00465-00117280-00117426 provide a fertile ground on which
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00466-00117427-00117636 certain ramifications of Susie can be
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00467-00117637-00117777 explored in readily accessible
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00468-00117778-00118077 laboratory settings making use of the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00469-00118078-00118282 analogous mathematical structure of the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00470-00118283-00118495 quantum mechanical Schrodinger equation
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00471-00118496-00118657 and the wave equation governing the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00472-00118658-00118848 evolution of light in one-dimensional
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00473-00118849-00119001 settings one may interpret the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00474-00119002-00119199 refractive index distribution of a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00475-00119200-00119400 structure as a potential landscape in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00476-00119401-00119610 which optical wave packets propagate in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00477-00119611-00119886 this manner a new class of functional
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00478-00119887-00120060 optical structures with possible
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00479-00120061-00120249 applications in phase matching mode
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00480-00120250-00120394 conversion and space division
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00481-00120395-00120597 multiplexing becomes possible
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00482-00120598-00120840 soozee transformations have been also
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00483-00120841-00121038 proposed as a way to address inverse
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00484-00121039-00121236 scattering problems in optics and as a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00485-00121237-00121852 one-dimensional transformation optics
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00486-00121853-00122534 topic supersymmetry in dynamical systems
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00487-00122535-00122772 all stochastic partial differential
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00488-00122773-00122978 equations the models for all types of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00489-00122979-00123171 continuous time dynamical systems
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00490-00123172-00123483 possess topological supersymmetry in the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00491-00123483-00123675 operator representation of stochastic
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00492-00123676-00123918 evolution the topological supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00493-00123919-00124109 is the exterior derivative which is
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00494-00124110-00124241 commutative with the stochastic
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00495-00124242-00124449 evolution operator defined as the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00496-00124450-00124668 stochastically averaged pullback induced
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00497-00124669-00124908 on differential forms by SDE defined
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00498-00124908-00125181 diffeomorphisms of the phase space the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00499-00125182-00125397 topological sector of the so emerging
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00500-00125398-00125571 super symmetric theory of stochastic
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00501-00125572-00125808 dynamics can be recognized as the Witten
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00502-00125808-00126102 type topological field theory the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00503-00126103-00126297 meaning of the topological supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00504-00126298-00126513 in dynamical systems as the preservation
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00505-00126514-00126825 of the phase space continuity infinitely
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00506-00126826-00126999 close points will remain closed during
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00507-00127000-00127203 continuous time evolution even in the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00508-00127204-00127454 presence of noise when the topological
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00509-00127455-00127713 supersymmetry is broken spontaneously
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00510-00127714-00127940 this property is violated in the limit
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00511-00127941-00128090 of the infinitely long temporal
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00512-00128091-00128271 evolution and the model can be said to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00513-00128272-00128504 exhibit the stochastic generalization of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00514-00128505-00128729 the butterfly effect from a more general
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00515-00128730-00129008 perspective spontaneous breakdown of the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00516-00129009-00129209 topological supersymmetry as the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00517-00129210-00129402 theoretical essence of the ubiquitous
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00518-00129403-00129641 dynamical phenomenon variously known as
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00519-00129642-00129854 chaos turbulence self-organized
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00520-00129855-00130170 criticality etc the Goldstone theorem
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00521-00130171-00130391 explains The Associated emergence of the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00522-00130392-00130593 long-range dynamical behavior that
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00523-00130594-00130794 manifests itself as one F noise
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00524-00130795-00130979 butterfly effect and the scale-free
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00525-00130980-00131193 statistics of sudden instant tonic
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00526-00131194-00131424 processes eg earthquakes neuro
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00527-00131425-00131721 avalanches solar flares etc known as the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00528-00131722-00132341 Zips law in the Richter scale
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00529-00132342-00132949 topic supersymmetry in mathematics
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00530-00132950-00133199 Susy is also sometimes studied
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00531-00133200-00133361 mathematically for its intrinsic
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00532-00133362-00133592 properties this is because it describes
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00533-00133593-00133850 complex fields satisfying a property
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00534-00133851-00134024 known as hollow Morphy which allows
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00535-00134025-00134234 holomorphic quantities to be exactly
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00536-00134235-00134480 computed this makes super symmetric
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00537-00134481-00134804 models useful toy models of more
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00538-00134805-00135047 realistic theories a prime example of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00539-00135048-00135227 this has been the demonstration of s
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00540-00135228-00135419 duality in four-dimensional gauge
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00541-00135420-00135629 theories that interchanges particles and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00542-00135630-00135941 monopoles the proof of the idea singer
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00543-00135942-00136148 index theorem is much simplified by the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00544-00136149-00136860 use of super symmetric quantum mechanics
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00545-00136861-00137509 topic supersymmetry in quantum gravity
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00546-00137510-00137759 supersymmetry is part of superstring
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00547-00137760-00137930 theory a string theory of quantum
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00548-00137931-00138140 gravity although it could in theory be a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00549-00138141-00138326 component of other quantum gravity
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00550-00138327-00138506 theories as well such as loop quantum
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00551-00138507-00138788 gravity for super string theory to be
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00552-00138789-00139016 consistent supersymmetry seems to be
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00553-00139017-00139196 required at some level although it may
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00554-00139197-00139429 be a strongly broken symmetry if
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00555-00139430-00139625 experimental evidence confirms
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00556-00139626-00139784 supersymmetry in the form of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00557-00139785-00139985 supersymmetric particles such as the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00558-00139986-00140168 neutralino that is often believed to be
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00559-00140169-00140366 the lightest superpartner some people
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00560-00140367-00140537 believe this would be a major boost to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00561-00140538-00140804 super string theory since supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00562-00140805-00141038 is a required component of super string
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00563-00141039-00141227 theory any discovered supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00564-00141228-00141422 would be consistent with super string
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00565-00141423-00141710 theory if the Large Hadron Collider and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00566-00141711-00141929 other major particle physics experiments
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00567-00141930-00142136 fail to detect super symmetric partners
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00568-00142137-00142328 many versions of super string theory
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00569-00142329-00142502 which had predicted certain low mass
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00570-00142503-00142730 superpartners to existing particles may
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00571-00142731-00143398 need to be significantly revised
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00572-00143399-00143815 topic general supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00573-00143816-00143999 you
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00574-00144000-00144245 supersymmetry appears in many related
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00575-00144246-00144515 contexts of theoretical physics it is
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00576-00144516-00144680 possible to have multiple super
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00577-00144681-00144872 symmetries and also have super symmetric
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00578-00144873-00145475 extra dimensions
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00579-00145476-00146050 topic extended supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00580-00146051-00146263 it is possible to have more than one
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00581-00146264-00146478 kind of supersymmetry transformation
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00582-00146479-00146657 theories with more than one
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00583-00146658-00146860 supersymmetry transformation are known
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00584-00146861-00147157 as extended supersymmetric theories the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00585-00147158-00147379 more supersymmetry a theory has the more
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00586-00147380-00147550 constrained are the field content and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00587-00147551-00147811 interactions typically the number of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00588-00147812-00148031 copies of a supersymmetry is a power of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00589-00148032-00148513 2 ie 1 2 4 8 in 4 dimensions a spinner
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00590-00148514-00148720 has 4 degrees of freedom and thus the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00591-00148721-00148852 minimal number of supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00592-00148853-00149101 generators as 4 in 4 dimensions and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00593-00149102-00149314 having 8 copies of supersymmetry means
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00594-00149315-00149479 that there are 32 supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00595-00149480-00149782 generators the maximal number of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00596-00149783-00150058 supersymmetry generators possible is 32
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00597-00150059-00150319 theories with more than 32 supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00598-00150320-00150556 generators automatically have massless
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00599-00150557-00150820 fields with spin greater than 2 it is
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00600-00150821-00151012 not known how to make massless fields
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00601-00151013-00151225 with spin greater than 2 interact so the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00602-00151226-00151369 maximal number of supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00603-00151370-00151729 generators considered is 32 this is due
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00604-00151730-00151912 to the Weinberg Witten theorem this
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00605-00151913-00152101 corresponds to an N equals 8
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00606-00152102-00152389 supersymmetry Theory theories with 32
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00607-00152390-00152584 super symmetries automatically have a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00608-00152585-00152932 graviton for 4 dimensions there are the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00609-00152933-00153058 following theories with the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00610-00153059-00153346 corresponding multiplets cpt adds a copy
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00611-00153347-00153523 whenever they are not invariant under
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00612-00153524-00153847 such symmetry N equals one chiral
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00613-00153848-00154545 multiplet 0 1/2 vector multiplet 1/2 1
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00614-00154546-00154977 gravity no multiplet 1 three-halves
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00615-00154978-00155409 graviton multiplet three-halves 2n
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00616-00155410-00155946 equals two hyper multiplet 1/2 o to 1/2
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00617-00155947-00156523 vector multiplet 0 1 20 second one super
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00618-00156524-00157006 gravity multiplet 1 3 20 seconds 2
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00619-00157007-00157281 and equals four vector multiplet
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00620-00157282-00157716 minus-11 2406 one twenty-fourth one
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00621-00157717-00158203 supergravity multiplet 0-124 sixteen
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00622-00158204-00158602 324th 2n equals eight supergravity
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00623-00158603-00159204 multiplet minus 2/3 28 minus 128 one
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00624-00159205-00160200 256,000 70th one 256,000 128 328 two
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00625-00160201-00160490 topic supersymmetry and alternate
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00626-00160491-00160928 numbers of dimensions
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00627-00160929-00161184 it is possible to have supersymmetry in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00628-00161185-00161406 dimensions other than four because the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00629-00161407-00161556 properties of spy nur's change
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00630-00161557-00161718 drastically between different dimensions
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00631-00161719-00161987 each dimension has its characteristic in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00632-00161988-00162275 d dimensions the size of spiders is
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00633-00162276-00162628 approximately 2 d 2 or 2 d minus 1/2
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00634-00162629-00162872 since the maximum number of super
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00635-00162873-00163112 symmetries is 32 the greatest number of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00636-00163113-00163277 dimensions in which a supersymmetric
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00637-00163278-00163938 theories exist is 11
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00638-00163939-00164516 topic fractional supersymmetry
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00639-00164517-00164718 fractional supersymmetry is a
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00640-00164719-00164891 generalization of the notion of
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00641-00164892-00165072 supersymmetry in which the minimal
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00642-00165073-00165270 positive amount of spin does not have to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00643-00165271-00165921 be one to display style 1/2 but can be
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00644-00165922-00166596 an arbitrary 1 n display style 1 n for
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00645-00166597-00166824 integer value of n such a generalization
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00646-00166825-00167049 is possible in two or less space-time
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00647-00167050-00167620 dimensions
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00648-00167621-00168197 topic current status
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00649-00168198-00168426 supersymmetric models are constrained by
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00650-00168427-00168633 a variety of experiments including
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00651-00168634-00168834 measurements of Low Energy observables
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00652-00168835-00168999 for example the anomalous magnetic
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00653-00169000-00169299 moment of the muon at Fermilab the WMAP
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00654-00169300-00169521 Dark Matter density measurement and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00655-00169522-00169719 direct detection experiments for example
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00656-00169720-00170466 xenon 106 Higgs phenomenology and direct
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00657-00170467-00170697 searches for superpartners sparticles at
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00658-00170698-00170925 the large electron positron Collider
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00659-00170926-00171300 Tevatron and the LHC historically the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00660-00171301-00171456 tightest limits were from direct
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00661-00171457-00171684 production at colliders the first mass
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00662-00171685-00171906 limits force quarks and gluons were made
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00663-00171907-00172125 at CERN by the U a one experiment and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00664-00172126-00172314 the UA two experiment at the super
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00665-00172315-00172623 proton synchrotron lept later set very
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00666-00172624-00172857 strong limits which in 2006 were
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00667-00172858-00173076 extended by the D zero experiment at the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00668-00173077-00173565 Tevatron from 2003 to 2015 WM a PS and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00669-00173566-00173694 Planck's Dark Matter density
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00670-00173695-00173898 measurements have strongly constrained
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00671-00173899-00174102 supersymmetry models which if they
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00672-00174103-00174294 explain dark matter have to be tuned to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00673-00174295-00174468 invoke a particular mechanism to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00674-00174469-00174624 sufficiently reduce the neutralino
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00675-00174625-00174921 density prior to the beginning of the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00676-00174922-00175260 LHC in 2009 fits of available data to
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00677-00175261-00175572 CMS SM and and uhm one indicated thats
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00678-00175573-00175761 quarks and gluey noes were most likely
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00679-00175762-00176064 to have masses in the 500 to 800 GeV
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00680-00176065-00176379 range the values as high as 2.5 TeV were
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00681-00176380-00176664 allowed with low probabilities neutrally
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00682-00176665-00176850 noes and slept ins were expected to be
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00683-00176851-00177036 quite light with the lightest neutralino
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00684-00177037-00177243 and the lightest style most likely to be
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00685-00177244-00177618 found between 100 and 150 GeV the first
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00686-00177619-00177843 run of the LHC found no evidence for
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00687-00177844-00178089 supersymmetry and as a result surpassed
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00688-00178090-00178296 existing experimental limits from the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00689-00178297-00178527 large electron positron Collider and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00690-00178528-00178728 Tevatron and partially excluded the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00691-00178729-00178922 aforementioned expected ranges in
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00692-00178923-00179268 2011-12 the LHC discovered a Higgs boson
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00693-00179269-00179610 with a mass of about 125 GeV and with
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00694-00179611-00179820 couplings to fermions and bosons which
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00695-00179821-00180009 are consistent with the standard model
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00696-00180010-00180303 the MSS M predicts that the mass of the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00697-00180304-00180501 lightest Higgs boson should not be much
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00698-00180502-00180699 higher than the mass of the Z boson and
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00699-00180700-00180903 in the absence of fine-tuning with the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00700-00180904-00181089 super symmetry breaking scale on the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00701-00181090-00181533 order of 1 T V should not exceed 135 GeV
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00702-00181534-00181778 the LHC results seemed problematic for
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00703-00181779-00181959 the minimal supersymmetric model as the
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00704-00181960-00182361 value of 125 GeV is relatively large for
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00705-00182362-00182535 the model and can only be achieved with
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00706-00182536-00182729 large radiative loop Corrections from
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00707-00182730-00182939 tops quarks which many theorists had
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00708-00182940-00183207 considered to be unnatural see
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00709-00183208-00183521 naturalness physics and fine tuning
+cQZ3HRPwIng-00710-00183522-00183899 equals equals see also
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+cUa8ho6YBPU-00002-00001220-00001618 will need 1 cup of chocolate chips 117
+cUa8ho6YBPU-00003-00001619-00001960 ounce package of pastry a muffin tin and
+cUa8ho6YBPU-00004-00001961-00002317 nonstick cooking spray carefully cut 12
+cUa8ho6YBPU-00005-00002318-00003109 2 by 4 strips of puff pastry place a few
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+cUa8ho6YBPU-00008-00003669-00004179 it into the muffin tins seam side down
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+cUa8ho6YBPU-00010-00004851-00005440 brown perfection time to plate these up
+cUa8ho6YBPU-00011-00005441-00005720 if you're feeling fancy needs a little
+cUa8ho6YBPU-00012-00005721-00006192 bit of confectioner's sugar just the top
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+cUa8ho6YBPU-00015-00007106-00007561 [Music]
+cYtZA48OsR4-00000-00000314-00000586 hello after-school Club we are tomorrow
+cYtZA48OsR4-00001-00000587-00000886 by together I'm suing the leader of the
+cYtZA48OsR4-00002-00000888-00001253 team nice to meet you sue vinegar I
+cYtZA48OsR4-00003-00001254-00001589 think man samandtom yeah you're assuming
+cYtZA48OsR4-00004-00001590-00002189 ever gets to me that pie thing hi nice
+cYtZA48OsR4-00005-00002190-00002414 to meet you I'm from you and I'm the
+cYtZA48OsR4-00006-00002415-00003160 Baker team hello everyone we're so glad
+cYtZA48OsR4-00007-00003161-00003374 to be here I'm eunjin and I'm the oldest
+cYtZA48OsR4-00008-00003375-00003995 member of tomorrow bye together hi
+cYtZA48OsR4-00009-00003996-00004277 everyone I'm tan and I want to be your
+cYtZA48OsR4-00010-00004278-00004922 sweetheart hi everyone I'm your cutie
+cYtZA48OsR4-00011-00004923-00005240 Union KY I'm so glad to meet you thank
+cYtZA48OsR4-00012-00005241-00005459 you
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00000-00000112-00000423 welcome to the spoken tutorial on
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00001-00000424-00000815 subcircuit builder in esim
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00002-00000816-00001103 in this tutorial using esim we will
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00003-00001104-00001303 learn to
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00004-00001304-00001671 create a sub-circuit and create a
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00005-00001672-00001887 component schematic
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00006-00001888-00002295 to record this tutorial we will use
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00007-00002296-00002807 ubuntu linux os version 16.04
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00008-00002808-00003191 ecm version 2.0
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00009-00003192-00003415 to practice this tutorial you should
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00010-00003415-00003503 know
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00011-00003504-00003799 how to create and simulate a circuit in
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00012-00003800-00004006 esim
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00013-00004007-00004295 if not watch the prerequisite easing
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00014-00004296-00004599 tutorials on this website
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00015-00004600-00004854 the sub-circuit file always begins with
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00016-00004855-00005302 the dot sub-circuit statement
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00017-00005303-00005683 sub-name is the sub-circuit component
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00018-00005684-00006199 name n1 and 2 are the nodes
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00019-00006200-00006567 the sub circuit ends with dot and s
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00020-00006568-00006895 followed by the subcircuit name
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00021-00006895-00007063 to launch esim
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00022-00007064-00007287 you need to double click on the esim
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00023-00007288-00007606 icon on your desktop
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00024-00007608-00008006 i have already opened esim
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00025-00008008-00008310 let us now create a sub circuit for a
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00026-00008311-00008495 half adder
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00027-00008496-00008767 on the easim window click on the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00028-00008768-00009199 sub-circuit button from the left toolbar
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00029-00009200-00009606 a sub-circuit tab will open up
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00030-00009607-00009927 in the sub-circuit tab click on the new
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00031-00009928-00010303 sub-circuit schematic button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00032-00010304-00010703 a new schematic pop-up window appears
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00033-00010704-00011087 enter schematic name as half adder
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00034-00011088-00011399 underscore new
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00035-00011400-00011703 click on the ok button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00036-00011704-00011919 now click the s button in the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00037-00011920-00012191 confirmation dialog box
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00038-00012192-00012599 the schematic editor window opens up
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00039-00012600-00012910 the user can create a schematic or
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00040-00012911-00013303 important existing schematic
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00041-00013304-00013599 we will use the latter method
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00042-00013600-00013855 to create a new schematic you can refer
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00043-00013856-00014303 to the previous tutorials in this series
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00044-00014304-00014583 i have already created a half adder
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00045-00014584-00014999 circuit using basic gates in esim
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00046-00015000-00015191 pause the video here
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00047-00015191-00015438 download the half adder basic gates
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00048-00015440-00015799 project file from the code file section
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00049-00015800-00016055 extract and save the project file on the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00050-00016056-00016311 desktop
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00051-00016312-00016655 on e-schema click on the file option
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00052-00016656-00016911 from the top menu
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00053-00016912-00017407 select append schematic sheet option
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00054-00017408-00017663 in the confirmation dialog box click on
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00055-00017664-00017894 the s button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00056-00017895-00018103 click on desktop
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00057-00018104-00018407 double click on half adder basic gates
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00058-00018408-00018599 folder
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00059-00018600-00019103 the schematic file sch will be selected
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00060-00019104-00019350 click on the open button in the file
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00061-00019351-00019503 window
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00062-00019504-00019750 you can see the schematic of the half
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00063-00019751-00020094 adder is added to the editor
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00064-00020095-00020327 press the f1 key to zoom in the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00065-00020328-00020519 schematic
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00066-00020520-00020807 now we will connect ports to the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00067-00020808-00021199 input and output terminals of the gates
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00068-00021200-00021471 click on the place component tool from
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00069-00021472-00021694 the right toolbar
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00070-00021695-00022007 click on the editor
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00071-00022008-00022327 in the filter field type isim underscore
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00072-00022328-00022614 miscellaneous
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00073-00022615-00022903 select port
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00074-00022904-00023199 and press the drop down arrow
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00075-00023200-00023503 click on unit a
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00076-00023504-00023799 and click on the ok button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00077-00023800-00024199 port unit a will be tied to the cursor
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00078-00024200-00024511 place it near the input pin 1 of the xor
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00079-00024512-00024711 gate
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00080-00024712-00025086 similarly place port unit b near the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00081-00025087-00025399 input pin 1 of the and gate
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00082-00025400-00025494 place
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00083-00025495-00025855 port unit c and port unit d near the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00084-00025856-00026158 output pin of the xor gate and and gate
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00085-00026160-00026407 respectively
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00086-00026408-00026702 here the port unit indicates
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00087-00026704-00027007 pins of the sub-circuit
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00088-00027008-00027302 unit a is pin 1
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00089-00027304-00027807 unit b c and d are the pin number 2 3 4
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00090-00027808-00028095 of the sub circuit respectively
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00091-00028095-00028302 to rotate the port c
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00092-00028304-00028590 place the cursor on port unit c
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00093-00028591-00028902 and press the r key
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00094-00028904-00029135 a clarify selection pop-up window
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00095-00029136-00029311 appears
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00096-00029312-00029511 select port view
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00097-00029512-00029799 and press the r key
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00098-00029800-00030199 similarly rotate 4d
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00099-00030200-00030590 connect the ports to the pins with wires
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00100-00030591-00031007 place the cursor on the pin 1 of 40
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00101-00031008-00031502 and press the w key to start the wire
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00102-00031503-00031814 drag it to the wire connecting the pin 1
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00103-00031816-00032199 of the xor gate and and gate
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00104-00032200-00032599 click once to end the wire
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00105-00032600-00033007 a junction will be placed on the wire
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00106-00033008-00033295 similarly connect all the ports to the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00107-00033296-00033599 pins as shown here
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00108-00033600-00033999 let us now annotate the schematic
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00109-00034000-00034215 click on the annotate schematic
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00110-00034216-00034702 components icon from the top toolbar
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00111-00034703-00034999 keep the default settings
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00112-00035000-00035302 click on the annotate button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00113-00035303-00035607 click on the ok button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00114-00035608-00035935 save the schematic by pressing ctrl s
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00115-00035936-00036199 keys together
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00116-00036200-00036483 let us generate a netlist for the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00117-00036484-00036815 schematic click on the generate netlist
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00118-00036816-00037111 icon from the top toolbar
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00119-00037112-00037407 select the spice tab
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00120-00037408-00037695 and check the default format
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00121-00037696-00038007 click on generate button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00122-00038008-00038302 and then click the save button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00123-00038303-00038711 this creates a keycad netlist file
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00124-00038712-00039111 now let us go back to the esim window
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00125-00039112-00039399 in the subcircuit tab click on the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00126-00039400-00039799 convert keycad to ngspice button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00127-00039800-00040039 you can specify the transient analysis
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00128-00040040-00040502 parameters or leave it blank
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00129-00040503-00040902 i am leaving these values blank
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00130-00040903-00041174 if any device model or sub-circuit is
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00131-00041175-00041495 used specify them under device modeling
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00132-00041496-00041807 or sub-circuit tab
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00133-00041808-00042095 in the keycard 2nd space tab press the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00134-00042096-00042295 convert button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00135-00042296-00042543 click on the ok button in the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00136-00042544-00042799 information dialog box
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00137-00042800-00043111 this creates a ngspice netlist of the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00138-00043112-00043399 subcircuit created
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00139-00043400-00043655 you can see the subcircuit half adder
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00140-00043656-00044055 new is added to the subcircuit library
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00141-00044056-00044302 in the esim directory
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00142-00044303-00044574 now let us create a component schematic
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00143-00044575-00044902 for the half adder sub circuit
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00144-00044903-00045127 the components are also referred to as
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00145-00045128-00045407 parts or symbols
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00146-00045408-00045702 go back to the ism editor of half adder
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00147-00045703-00045895 schematic
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00148-00045896-00046190 click on the library editor icon from
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00149-00046191-00046283 the top
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00150-00046284-00046590 toolbar the schematic window of the part
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00151-00046591-00046902 library editor opens up
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00152-00046903-00047143 you can also find the library editor
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00153-00047144-00047367 option from the tools option
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00154-00047368-00047599 on the top menu
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00155-00047600-00047799 click on the file option from the top
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00156-00047800-00047902 menu
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00157-00047903-00048302 click on the current library option
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00158-00048303-00048799 choose esim underscore subcircuit option
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00159-00048800-00049095 click on the ok button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00160-00049096-00049335 the current library path of the library
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00161-00049336-00049639 selected is displayed at the top of the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00162-00049640-00049999 part library editor window
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00163-00050000-00050286 to create a new component click on
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00164-00050287-00050543 create a new component icon from the top
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00165-00050544-00050799 toolbar
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00166-00050800-00051207 a component properties window opens up
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00167-00051208-00051399 enter the following
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00168-00051400-00051902 component name as h a underscore new
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00169-00051903-00052294 default reference designator as x
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00170-00052295-00052535 the designator is different for each
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00171-00052536-00052815 isim component
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00172-00052816-00053094 d is used for diode
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00173-00053095-00053503 q is used for bjt and so on
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00174-00053504-00053742 keep the default settings click on the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00175-00053744-00054094 ok button in the window
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00176-00054095-00054375 press f1 key to zoom in the schematic
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00177-00054376-00054694 name and designator
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00178-00054695-00054942 you can add a rectangle
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00179-00054944-00055063 circle
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00180-00055064-00055494 arc or polygons as the component body
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00181-00055495-00055782 i will add a rectangle as a component
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00182-00055783-00055999 body
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00183-00056000-00056238 click on add graphic rectangle
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00184-00056239-00056479 to component body tool from the right
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00185-00056479-00056703 toolbar
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00186-00056704-00056999 click on the editor
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00187-00057000-00057399 click and drag the rectangle
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00188-00057400-00057799 click again to end the rectangle body
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00189-00057800-00058015 arrange the designator and name of the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00190-00058016-00058199 component
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00191-00058200-00058407 place the cursor on the name and
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00192-00058408-00058807 designator and press the key m
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00193-00058808-00059303 now add input and output pins
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00194-00059304-00059647 click on add pins to component tool from
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00195-00059648-00059903 the right toolbar
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00196-00059904-00060087 click on the editor
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00197-00060088-00060406 pin properties window will appear
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00198-00060407-00060526 enter
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00199-00060527-00060799 pin name as a
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00200-00060800-00061103 pin number as 1
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00201-00061104-00061406 orientation as right
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00202-00061407-00061694 electrical type as input
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00203-00061695-00061999 graphic style as line
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00204-00062000-00062399 click on the ok button in the window
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00205-00062400-00062663 the pin is tied to the cursor
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00206-00062664-00062999 connect it as shown here
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00207-00063000-00063279 click on the editor again in a similar
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00208-00063279-00063366 way
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00209-00063367-00063999 add pin number 2 with pin name as b
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00210-00064000-00064279 click again on the editor enter the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00211-00064279-00064494 following
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00212-00064495-00064799 pin name as sum
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00213-00064800-00065111 pin number as 3
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00214-00065112-00065406 orientation as left
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00215-00065407-00065711 electrical type as output
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00216-00065712-00065882 graphic style as
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00217-00065883-00066406 line click on the ok button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00218-00066407-00066782 in a similar way add pin number 4 with
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00219-00066783-00067103 pin name cy
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00220-00067104-00067494 let us see the schematic symbol
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00221-00067495-00067903 click on file option from the top menu
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00222-00067904-00068294 click on the save current library option
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00223-00068295-00068575 click the s button in the confirmation
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00224-00068576-00068806 box
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00225-00068807-00069111 you can see here the component is added
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00226-00069112-00069591 to esim underscore subcircuit library
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00227-00069592-00069838 click once again the s button in the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00228-00069839-00070094 confirmation box
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00229-00070095-00070511 close the part library editor window
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00230-00070512-00070767 this will save the new component to the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00231-00070768-00070999 current library ecm underscore
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00232-00071000-00071199 sub-circuit
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00233-00071200-00071487 the e-sim sub-circuit library file is
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00234-00071488-00071767 found in the keycard library as shown
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00235-00071768-00071999 here
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00236-00072000-00072279 as you can see the component h a
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00237-00072280-00072599 underscore new is defined here
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00238-00072600-00072831 if you want to delete any component you
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00239-00072832-00073079 can also delete the component in this
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00240-00073080-00073319 file
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00241-00073320-00073567 now we can verify the created sub
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00242-00073568-00073999 circuit and its component schematic
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00243-00074000-00074223 you can use the half adder example
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00244-00074224-00074567 project from the esim examples folder or
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00245-00074568-00074799 create a new project
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00246-00074800-00075135 you can also download the example ha
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00247-00075136-00075343 underscore test from the code file
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00248-00075344-00075606 section
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00249-00075607-00075831 you can verify the component and
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00250-00075832-00076103 subcircuit created
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00251-00076104-00076359 i have created a new project h a
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00252-00076360-00076606 underscore test
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00253-00076607-00076855 the project is already added to esim
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00254-00076856-00077082 windows under the project
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00255-00077083-00077494 section select h-a-test
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00256-00077495-00077767 and click on the open schematic button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00257-00077768-00077999 from the left toolbar
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00258-00078000-00078223 it directs us to the e-sim schematic
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00259-00078224-00078406 window
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00260-00078407-00078662 you can see the ha underscore new
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00261-00078663-00078975 component will be present under esim
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00262-00078976-00079303 subcircuit library
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00263-00079304-00079599 let us go back to the isim window
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00264-00079600-00079894 in the keycard to ng space analysis tab
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00265-00079895-00080094 i have already specified transient
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00266-00080095-00080303 parameters
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00267-00080304-00080526 in the source details tab the voltage
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00268-00080527-00080903 sources are assigned as 5 volts
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00269-00080904-00081126 in the subcircuit tab the path of the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00270-00081127-00081606 half adder underscore new is added
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00271-00081607-00081855 you can see the ng space plots and
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00272-00081856-00082103 terminal
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00273-00082104-00082391 since both inputs are 5 volts some will
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00274-00082392-00082682 be 0 and carry will be 5
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00275-00082683-00082991 volts you can also see the values in the
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00276-00082992-00083303 nd space terminal
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00277-00083304-00083703 close the ng space terminal and plots
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00278-00083704-00084038 in the python plot window check the sum
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00279-00084039-00084303 and cy node
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00280-00084304-00084599 click on the plot button
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00281-00084600-00085094 the sum is 0 volts and carry is 5 volts
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00282-00085095-00085415 close the python plot window
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00283-00085416-00085735 in this tutorial we learnt how to
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00284-00085736-00086006 create a sub-circuit
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00285-00086007-00086406 and create a component schematic
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00286-00086407-00086599 do you have questions in this spoken
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00287-00086600-00086799 tutorial
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00288-00086800-00087103 please visit this site
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00289-00087104-00087335 for any general or technical questions
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00290-00087336-00087503 on esim
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00291-00087504-00087718 visit the fosse forum and post your
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00292-00087719-00087894 question
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00293-00087895-00088143 the fosse team coordinates the circuit
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00294-00088144-00088406 simulation project
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00295-00088407-00088662 we give certificates and honorarium to
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00296-00088663-00088903 the contributors
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00297-00088904-00089111 for more details please visit this
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00298-00089112-00089294 website
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00299-00089295-00089543 the faucet team coordinates the lab
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00300-00089544-00089799 migration project
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00301-00089800-00090015 for more details please visit this
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00302-00090016-00090199 website
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00303-00090200-00090538 spoken tutorial project is funded by
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00304-00090539-00091094 nmeict mhrd government of india
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00305-00091095-00091455 this is gloria n from iit bombay signing
+cZ28W0MIWUy-00306-00091456-00091827 off thank you
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00000-00001200-00001358 your straight dog's back you want me to
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00001-00001359-00001895 get rid of him for you
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00002-00001896-00003238 bravo sock it to us liberace
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00003-00003239-00003647 all his life david had a gift
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00004-00003647-00003863 that most would applaud david could be
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00005-00003864-00004047 one of the truly great pianists
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00006-00004047-00004254 you must be very proud of him as proud
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00007-00004255-00004535 as a father can be some would embrace
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00008-00004536-00004686 how would you like to go to a special
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00009-00004687-00004895 school in the states where music bounces
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00010-00004896-00005015 off the walls
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00011-00005016-00005447 america and one would ultimately control
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00012-00005448-00005647 he's not going to america please that he
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00013-00005648-00005831 don't i know david
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00014-00005832-00006031 because i'm your father i won't let
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00015-00006032-00006143 anyone destroy
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00016-00006144-00006367 this family here you go you may be
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00017-00006368-00007541 punished for the rest of your life
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00018-00007542-00008463 [Music]
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00019-00008464-00008695 when he gets to know you better he's a
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00020-00008696-00008839 sweetie he could leave tomorrow if he
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00021-00008840-00009103 had somewhere to go
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00022-00009104-00009271 yeah what's the matter david not the
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00023-00009272-00009431 matter well it started out
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00024-00009432-00010983 such a long time ago
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00025-00010984-00011335 fine line features presents
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00026-00011336-00011783 one of the year's best films
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00027-00011784-00012947 it's electrifying acting and filmmaking
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00028-00012949-00013249 [Applause]
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00029-00013250-00014286 [Music]
+cZu39o0nRcQ-00030-00014287-00014495 you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00000-00000032-00000359 okay first screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00001-00000360-00000630 okay good afternoon um my name is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00002-00000631-00000734 harriet chan
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00003-00000735-00001039 i'm a volunteer uh for the san francisco
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00004-00001040-00001166 bay area
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00005-00001167-00001439 chapter of better investing so i'm here
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00006-00001440-00001639 this afternoon to assist
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00007-00001639-00001926 better investing in a nationwide
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00008-00001927-00002039 campaign
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00009-00002039-00002359 to design to encourage individuals
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00010-00002360-00002726 of all backgrounds to start a lifetime
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00011-00002727-00003126 of investment in stocks and mutual funds
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00012-00003127-00003447 next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00013-00003447-00003895 okay so my name is harriet chan
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00014-00003896-00004283 and this is my email s-k-c-o-t-s
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00015-00004284-00004751 yahoo.com that s-k-c-o-t-s
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00016-00004752-00005095 is the word stock spell backwards
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00017-00005096-00005406 okay um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00018-00005407-00005679 a little thing about cooperation from
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00019-00005680-00005831 value line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00020-00005832-00006222 it is copyright so no reproduction of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00021-00006223-00006391 the survey is permitted without the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00022-00006392-00006767 written permissions of the publisher
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00023-00006768-00007127 i also have the next slide for a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00024-00007128-00007231 disclaimer
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00025-00007231-00007423 i just want to tell everybody that what
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00026-00007423-00007534 i'm saying
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00027-00007536-00007806 now the presentation is for education
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00028-00007808-00007927 purposes
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00029-00007928-00008199 and it's not intended to be a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00030-00008200-00008351 recommendation
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00031-00008352-00008574 to purchase or sell any of the stocks or
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00032-00008575-00008687 mutual funds
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00033-00008688-00009055 okay next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00034-00009056-00009471 on our agenda what are we going to cover
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00035-00009472-00009655 um i'm going to tell you something a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00036-00009656-00009878 little bit about better investing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00037-00009879-00010183 how to access value line and what is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00038-00010184-00010303 value line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00039-00010304-00010535 um the parts of value line that be
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00040-00010536-00010719 covering is probably
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00041-00010720-00011014 uh most significant in section one and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00042-00011015-00011110 three
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00043-00011111-00011431 and the company report and then we'll
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00044-00011432-00011478 have
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00045-00011479-00011799 a summary and questions the class goal
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00046-00011800-00012263 is to show you how to access
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00047-00012264-00012567 the value line at the san francisco main
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00048-00012568-00012695 library
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00049-00012696-00013055 um we're going to highlight
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00050-00013056-00013358 where to find and identify parts
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00051-00013359-00013615 of the value line and i'll share some
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00052-00013616-00013783 brief description
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00053-00013784-00014207 of some of the key points okay um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00054-00014208-00014415 and due to the time limit we won't
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00055-00014416-00014607 really go into details but i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00056-00014608-00014871 definitely will show you online where
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00057-00014872-00015007 you can get
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00058-00015008-00015430 more information
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00059-00015431-00015791 next screen uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00060-00015791-00016022 we are better investing we are a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00061-00016023-00016111 non-profit
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00062-00016112-00016455 organization we're voluntarily
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00063-00016456-00016767 volunteer based so and we're member
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00064-00016768-00016871 driven
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00065-00016872-00017263 um we there's no commissions
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00066-00017264-00017503 we don't recommend stocks uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00067-00017504-00017647 recommendation
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00068-00017648-00018003 uh our website is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00069-00018004-00018143 www.betterinvesting.org
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00070-00018144-00018383 so i've been a volunteer for better
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00071-00018384-00018463 investing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00072-00018464-00018822 since 1999 so i've been doing this for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00073-00018823-00019007 over 20 years
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00074-00019008-00019639 okay next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00075-00019640-00020103 omission is basically uh to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00076-00020104-00020447 create successful long-term investors
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00077-00020448-00020783 through education resources tools
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00078-00020784-00021135 and support and so i always tell people
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00079-00021136-00021294 if you have a question
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00080-00021295-00021527 email me i'd be glad to answer any
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00081-00021528-00021630 questions you have
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00082-00021631-00022030 okay next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00083-00022031-00022407 uh core insight this is peter lynch
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00084-00022408-00022599 peter lynch was a famous mutual
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00085-00022600-00023086 fund um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00086-00023087-00023391 a mutual fund a mutual fund person
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00087-00023392-00023711 of the magellan fund from fidelity and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00088-00023712-00023799 he said that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00089-00023800-00024014 you know everybody had the brain powers
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00090-00024015-00024199 to follow the stock market
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00091-00024200-00024463 and that you only need fifth grade math
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00092-00024464-00024550 um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00093-00024551-00024903 i strongly disagree with that because
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00094-00024904-00025247 i you only need third grade math because
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00095-00025248-00025471 basically all you really need is to know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00096-00025472-00025655 how to ask the track
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00097-00025656-00025918 multiply and divide and do the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00098-00025919-00026046 percentages
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00099-00026047-00026431 um and i know that because i volunteer
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00100-00026432-00026683 to teach third grade math uh to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00101-00026683-00026799 eight-year-olds
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00102-00026800-00027174 for five years and i've been investing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00103-00027175-00027583 for over 40 years um so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00104-00027583-00027951 uh it's really it may seem
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00105-00027952-00028262 daunting but actually when you you will
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00106-00028263-00028351 find out
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00107-00028352-00028687 that the math is not difficult at all
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00108-00028688-00029135 next screen okay to get to the online
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00109-00029136-00029270 version
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00110-00029272-00029623 of value line you need to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00111-00029624-00029951 be half well
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00112-00029952-00030214 right now with covet you have to have
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00113-00030216-00030295 you have to be
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00114-00030295-00030662 a resident of san francisco um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00115-00030663-00031102 and you can apply online to get
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00116-00031103-00031358 a library card for the san francisco
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00117-00031360-00031462 public library
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00118-00031463-00031799 hopefully when things clear
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00119-00031800-00032151 up people
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00120-00032152-00032407 living outside of san francisco will be
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00121-00032408-00032535 able to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00122-00032536-00032983 get a library card i know i did
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00123-00032984-00033246 many many years ago and i had my
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00124-00033247-00033359 investment club
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00125-00033360-00033567 all go down to the san francisco maine
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00126-00033568-00033735 library
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00127-00033736-00034039 to get a library card so that afterwards
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00128-00034040-00034207 we could use value line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00129-00034208-00034543 uh online which is made it very very
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00130-00034544-00034727 convenient
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00131-00034728-00035083 okay um next line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00132-00035084-00035423 let's value line uh comes
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00133-00035424-00035711 in a hard copy so back in the days we
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00134-00035712-00035935 used to have to go to the library
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00135-00035936-00036127 and check it out from the reference
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00136-00036128-00036407 section and we would be allowed an
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00137-00036408-00036711 hour uh allocated an
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00138-00036712-00037087 hour to use the value line heart line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00139-00037088-00037390 this is this screen shows you all the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00140-00037391-00037502 libraries that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00141-00037503-00037799 has the hard copy now in the main
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00142-00037800-00037902 library
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00143-00037903-00038223 um it's located at the page desk on the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00144-00038224-00038351 fourth floor
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00145-00038352-00038687 so there's a picture of that page desk
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00146-00038688-00039055 and it's over to the right
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00147-00039056-00039423 shelf on the right but you can find him
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00148-00039424-00039751 you know uh at sunset richmond
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00149-00039752-00039983 uh noe valley mission so there's a lot
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00150-00039984-00040135 of libraries that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00151-00040136-00040462 have the value line hard copy
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00152-00040463-00040743 so um and i think that even though it's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00153-00040744-00040911 nice to have the online
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00154-00040912-00041167 i think that if you can go to your local
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00155-00041168-00041255 library
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00156-00041256-00041462 and sit down and take a look at the hard
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00157-00041463-00041774 copy you will learn a lot from that too
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00158-00041775-00042327 um so uh okay let's go back to the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00159-00042328-00042487 online
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00160-00042488-00042862 um oh do we have any questions right now
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00161-00042863-00043295 before we get started
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00162-00043296-00043679 okay good okay next screen is how to log
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00163-00043680-00043974 on to the san francisco public library
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00164-00043975-00044118 so you type in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00165-00044119-00044487 uh sfpl.org okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00166-00044488-00044839 and what you want to do is click on that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00167-00044840-00044918 research
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00168-00044919-00045271 and learn
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00169-00045272-00045646 next screen and when you get to the next
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00170-00045647-00045887 screen where you want to go to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00171-00045888-00046199 is the articles
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00172-00046200-00046779 and database
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00173-00046780-00046951 [Music]
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00174-00046952-00047462 next screen okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00175-00047463-00047799 and then you click on the v in the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00176-00047800-00048102 in the letters there for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00177-00048103-00048558 value line next screen so that pops up
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00178-00048559-00048839 right there at the very top say value
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00179-00048840-00048902 line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00180-00048903-00049351 and you click on value line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00181-00049352-00049671 next screen and so this you get
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00182-00049672-00050007 uh to the log on to the san francisco
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00183-00050008-00050102 article
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00184-00050103-00050446 and database and uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00185-00050447-00050879 you can see here that it remembers my id
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00186-00050880-00051183 and type in your password press
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00187-00051184-00051566 enter um the l san francisco library has
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00188-00051567-00051807 greatly improved this website so it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00189-00051808-00052126 works very very smoothly now
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00190-00052127-00052494 okay next screen so this is the next
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00191-00052495-00052679 screen so this is the front page of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00192-00052679-00052823 value line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00193-00052824-00053135 so under the tab
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00194-00053136-00053503 of the browse and research
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00195-00053504-00054015 okay um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00196-00054016-00054238 okay everything i'm sh i'm sharing with
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00197-00054239-00054350 you today
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00198-00054351-00054711 it's in the investment education section
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00199-00054712-00055015 a little bit over in the red arrow there
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00200-00055016-00055319 okay so if you want to go back
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00201-00055320-00055679 and read something uh this is where you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00202-00055679-00055750 would go
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00203-00055751-00055999 and it will take you and give you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00204-00056000-00056150 there's a glossary that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00205-00056151-00056326 tells you everything that i'm going to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00206-00056327-00056615 tell you today okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00207-00056616-00056823 the other thing that i want to mention
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00208-00056824-00056919 is the dow
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00209-00056920-00057223 30 and it's free the thou
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00210-00057224-00057526 30 now what is the thou 30
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00211-00057527-00057854 val 30 is the 30 blue chip
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00212-00057855-00058207 companies of the of the us
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00213-00058208-00058494 and why is it called blue chip i believe
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00214-00058495-00058607 it came from the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00215-00058608-00058911 poker chip that the blue chip is the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00216-00058912-00059030 highest
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00217-00059032-00059335 uh value chip there is so they call it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00218-00059336-00059566 a blue chip and that's how it somehow
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00219-00059567-00059694 got attached
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00220-00059695-00060071 to the dow jones 30. um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00221-00060072-00060406 it's a great place to start if you're
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00222-00060407-00060759 new these are large companies that makes
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00223-00060760-00060830 money
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00224-00060832-00061166 okay uh so that's a great place to start
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00225-00061167-00061382 because when you're buying companies a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00226-00061383-00061623 company's main purpose is to make money
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00227-00061624-00061719 so you want to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00228-00061720-00061942 buy a company that makes money and these
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00229-00061944-00062063 are large companies
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00230-00062064-00062342 they have deep pockets and so you want
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00231-00062344-00062423 to be
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00232-00062424-00062638 uh you want to reduce your risk as much
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00233-00062639-00062766 as possible
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00234-00062767-00063015 okay and you want to have to make sure
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00235-00063016-00063215 that you have a good experience
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00236-00063216-00063550 okay i also want to mention
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00237-00063551-00063838 that there's good i noticed that the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00238-00063839-00063950 brokerage firms
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00239-00063951-00064175 whether it's fidelity or charles schwab
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00240-00064176-00064319 or tasty work
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00241-00064320-00064550 they are really beefing up their
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00242-00064551-00064630 education
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00243-00064632-00065126 sites so use that as a resource too
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00244-00065127-00065694 next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00245-00065695-00066015 so we're gonna do uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00246-00066016-00066399 type in the company symbol
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00247-00066400-00066838 jnj and we're going to press enter
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00248-00066839-00067103 and what next screen and so it will
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00249-00067104-00067206 bring up
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00250-00067207-00067519 johnson and johnson
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00251-00067520-00067879 and uh value line is a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00252-00067880-00068199 report card on a company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00253-00068200-00068494 it does fundamental analysis and what we
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00254-00068495-00068726 mean by fundamental analysis
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00255-00068727-00068982 is that it looks at the company's books
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00256-00068983-00069294 to see how well they are doing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00257-00069295-00069631 in fundamental analysis pe is very
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00258-00069632-00069935 important and future pe
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00259-00069936-00070206 is more important than trailing so it's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00260-00070207-00070494 all about the future of the company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00261-00070495-00070903 so what exactly is p e p stands for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00262-00070904-00071215 the current price of the company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00263-00071216-00071471 of the stock and e stands for the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00264-00071472-00071543 earning
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00265-00071544-00071791 so we're comparing the price of the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00266-00071792-00071855 stocks
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00267-00071856-00072191 to the earnings of the company okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00268-00072192-00072406 and so you could change the earnings it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00269-00072407-00072694 could be you know the last 12 months
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00270-00072695-00072999 or the future uh the next
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00271-00073000-00073303 12 months in the future so looking at
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00272-00073304-00073567 that is very important
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00273-00073568-00073894 now according to this the last price
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00274-00073895-00074255 on johnson johnson on 10 26
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00275-00074256-00074719 2020 was 143.97
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00276-00074720-00075215 the trailing pe is 16.7
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00277-00075216-00075582 um that's for the last six months
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00278-00075583-00075831 it is important to figure out the ford
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00279-00075832-00075935 pe
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00280-00075936-00076319 so the ford pe means the future earnings
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00281-00076320-00076655 what's going to make uh next year
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00282-00076656-00076975 okay or two and brokerage firms have
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00283-00076976-00077055 those
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00284-00077056-00077367 estimated earnings and growth rates
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00285-00077368-00077750 um in their data and you might uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00286-00077751-00078143 i know in fidelity it would be under
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00287-00078144-00078423 key statistics you know when you're
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00288-00078424-00078671 doing research stocks it would be under
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00289-00078672-00078799 key statistics so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00290-00078800-00078975 key statistic would be kind of like a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00291-00078976-00079223 buzzword that you would need to know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00292-00079224-00079606 um relative p e last year
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00293-00079607-00080079 uh here says is that .84
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00294-00080080-00080526 um f y stands for fiscal year
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00295-00080527-00080838 okay um so what the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00296-00080839-00081231 the relative p e ratio is saying is .84
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00297-00081232-00081582 is comparing johnson johnson against the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00298-00081583-00081703 value line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00299-00081704-00082006 1700 stocks so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00300-00082007-00082311 you can see that j and j it's not a hot
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00301-00082312-00082423 stock
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00302-00082424-00082694 it's rather a dull and boring stock but
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00303-00082695-00082903 it's a steady eddie stop
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00304-00082904-00083206 doe and boring has its appeal and i will
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00305-00083207-00083279 be doing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00306-00083280-00083662 um the dividend uh class on the 20th
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00307-00083663-00084199 and uh it's really surprising um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00308-00084200-00084567 uh the numbers that johnson johnson
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00309-00084568-00084687 comes up with
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00310-00084688-00085103 um now the current yield
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00311-00085104-00085335 percent yield of this current stocks
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00312-00085336-00085455 based on
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00313-00085456-00085823 the current price is 2.78
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00314-00085824-00086038 now that's better than any money market
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00315-00086039-00086159 fund that i could find
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00316-00086160-00086455 out there and um the other thing about
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00317-00086456-00086599 johnson johnson
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00318-00086600-00087011 it has increased its dividend since
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00319-00087012-00087247 1963. um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00320-00087248-00087518 they are a member of the aristocrat
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00321-00087519-00087703 dividend companies
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00322-00087704-00087887 companies that have increased their
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00323-00087888-00088062 dividend for the last
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00324-00088063-00088415 25 years um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00325-00088416-00088782 stories on uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00326-00088783-00089118 i did i did i did a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00327-00089119-00089775 class back in 1998
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00328-00089776-00090055 i started the spreadsheet saying that if
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00329-00090056-00090103 you had
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00330-00090104-00090599 invested 50 a month starting in 1980
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00331-00090600-00090975 um and that would be 600
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00332-00090976-00091367 a year and how much would you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00333-00091368-00091782 would have accumulated in 18 years
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00334-00091783-00092223 and it the number came up to be uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00335-00092224-00092438 over a hundred thousand dollars so i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00336-00092439-00092631 thought that was very impressive
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00337-00092632-00092974 for just investing 50 a month uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00338-00092975-00093391 for 18 years um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00339-00093392-00093638 the market volatility has increased the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00340-00093639-00093774 last few years
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00341-00093775-00094118 and so now the market swings more widely
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00342-00094119-00094479 so figure out how you can use volatility
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00343-00094480-00094999 to your advantage okay now
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00344-00095000-00095550 in blue
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00345-00095551-00096182 there is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00346-00096183-00097062 next screen let's go to the next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00347-00097063-00097431 uh if you click on
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00348-00097432-00097718 on the orange arrow there uh if you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00349-00097719-00097815 click on it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00350-00097816-00098071 on the right side it says 18th month
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00351-00098072-00098159 explain
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00352-00098160-00098479 okay it will give you a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00353-00098480-00098831 it will give you an explanation uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00354-00098832-00099094 and it explains what the target date
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00355-00099095-00099182 that they
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00356-00099183-00099415 think the stock was going to be
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00357-00099416-00099655 currently is at 143
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00358-00099656-00099887 and they think that this stock could go
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00359-00099888-00100023 up to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00360-00100024-00100399 uh 224 so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00361-00100400-00100679 this was this class when i first taught
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00362-00100680-00100718 it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00363-00100719-00101159 was in october and now it's is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00364-00101160-00101511 uh april and currently the the stock
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00365-00101512-00101855 right now is at 160. so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00366-00101856-00102182 um but the stock market's been going up
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00367-00102183-00102510 um even though with this pen and they
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00368-00102511-00102727 make it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00369-00102728-00102999 the stock market is still doing well
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00370-00103000-00103166 next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00371-00103167-00103542 okay the red box safety
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00372-00103543-00103958 this is johnson johnson ranks number one
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00373-00103959-00104239 okay there's only about 100 stocks that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00374-00104240-00104478 has a ranking of number one
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00375-00104479-00104990 okay um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00376-00104991-00105239 the average price ability index and the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00377-00105240-00105423 financial ratings
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00378-00105424-00105710 it goes one through five one is the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00379-00105711-00105807 highest
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00380-00105808-00106143 and five is the lowest so if you're a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00381-00106144-00106231 newbie
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00382-00106232-00106431 and your guests getting started you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00383-00106432-00106623 wanna stick to the ones that has a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00384-00106624-00106847 safety rating of one or two
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00385-00106848-00107247 okay so out of the 1700 stocks
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00386-00107248-00107551 that value line tracks a hundred are
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00387-00107552-00107719 rated number one
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00388-00107720-00108158 300 or rated number two 900 or rated
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00389-00108159-00108271 number three
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00390-00108272-00108663 and 300 are rated number four and 100 is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00391-00108664-00108823 rated number five
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00392-00108824-00109286 okay you want to avoid um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00393-00109288-00109590 the 300 and the one i always stay with
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00394-00109591-00109623 the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00395-00109624-00109927 100 and 300 and the ones and two right
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00396-00109928-00110127 because you want if you're the first
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00397-00110128-00110319 first time out investing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00398-00110320-00110583 you want to have a positive experience
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00399-00110583-00110631 so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00400-00110632-00110943 start with something safer okay the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00401-00110944-00111063 green box
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00402-00111064-00111383 um the timeliness is number two
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00403-00111383-00111658 now it tells you that it was upgraded on
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00404-00111659-00111910 1023
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00405-00111911-00112151 so number two means that there are
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00406-00112152-00112351 another 299
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00407-00112352-00112647 other stocks that is rated number two
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00408-00112648-00112775 now the purple one
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00409-00112776-00113134 is the financial strength box and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00410-00113135-00113383 the rating for johnson and johnson is a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00411-00113383-00113447 a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00412-00113448-00113847 plus plus there are nine grades
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00413-00113848-00114151 a plus plus a plus
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00414-00114152-00114454 a b plus plus b
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00415-00114455-00114839 plus b and a c plus plus
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00416-00114840-00115119 c plus and the c the lower grades is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00417-00115120-00115327 reserved for companies with financial
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00418-00115328-00115431 difficulties
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00419-00115432-00115727 so you want to stay away from those okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00420-00115728-00115790 so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00421-00115791-00116071 also what you see with johnson johnson
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00422-00116072-00116286 you could see that the sales
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00423-00116288-00116639 has been increasing the cash
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00424-00116640-00116958 flow is increasing and the debt is going
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00425-00116959-00117023 down
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00426-00117024-00117407 and the return on the capital is up
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00427-00117408-00117639 okay the percentage return to the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00428-00117640-00117734 shareholder
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00429-00117735-00118039 is going up okay so that's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00430-00118040-00118366 and the opera margin is up so cash flow
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00431-00118367-00118551 is very important and you must
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00432-00118552-00118886 have liquidity because uh even on a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00433-00118888-00119007 personal level
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00434-00119008-00119231 when i improve my liquidity in my
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00435-00119232-00119447 investing i was able to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00436-00119448-00119751 uh increase my total return okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00437-00119752-00120047 so this goes back to johnson johnson
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00438-00120048-00120254 having enough money to increase their
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00439-00120255-00120366 dividends
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00440-00120367-00120678 every year for the last 63 years
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00441-00120679-00121134 so okay next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00442-00121135-00121534 okay the arrow shows you this is show
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00443-00121535-00121831 when you click on that uh what's hidden
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00444-00121832-00121951 behind there
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00445-00121952-00122223 is an explanation of what those things
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00446-00122224-00122334 mean
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00447-00122335-00122614 okay next screen and then to hide it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00448-00122615-00122814 back you would just click on the arrow
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00449-00122815-00122871 again this
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00450-00122872-00123319 is high rating definition okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00451-00123320-00123551 just a little bit about how to maneuver
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00452-00123552-00123647 around
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00453-00123648-00124166 okay next screen okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00454-00124167-00124519 articles uh here over on the top it says
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00455-00124520-00124590 articles
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00456-00124591-00124975 and the ranking and rating change okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00457-00124976-00125278 um three to five year projection
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00458-00125279-00125590 um you need to ask yourself when you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00459-00125591-00125823 read these numbers do you like what it's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00460-00125824-00125919 telling you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00461-00125920-00126151 and you need to learn how to form your
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00462-00126152-00126327 own opinion
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00463-00126328-00126631 so we the commentary
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00464-00126632-00126943 it's about 400 words in here
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00465-00126944-00127278 um click on read more okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00466-00127279-00127863 the green arrow there and um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00467-00127864-00128231 it records the rank and rating changes
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00468-00128232-00128463 from technical to timeliness and earning
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00469-00128464-00128599 predictability
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00470-00128600-00128910 so and also in regards to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00471-00128911-00129239 next screen the articles read
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00472-00129240-00129614 all of them i really highly recommend
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00473-00129615-00129751 that you read them all
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00474-00129752-00130151 you get a better view of the company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00475-00130152-00130423 on this particular report it was a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00476-00130424-00130543 positive report
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00477-00130544-00130814 but i went back and looked at the the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00478-00130815-00130910 middle one
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00479-00130911-00131223 and the report was not so positive so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00480-00131224-00131519 um even johnson johnson's biggest was
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00481-00131520-00131623 big company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00482-00131624-00131943 you know sometimes it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00483-00131944-00132214 uh it will put out good reports and bad
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00484-00132215-00132295 reports
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00485-00132296-00132551 sometimes the mr sales sometimes the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00486-00132552-00132599 sales
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00487-00132600-00132878 increase or something happens um you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00488-00132879-00132911 know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00489-00132912-00133278 uh johnson johnson is being sued because
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00490-00133279-00133527 of the uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00491-00133528-00133863 baby powder issue uh so they do have
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00492-00133864-00134383 some liabilities and some risks involved
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00493-00134384-00134783 okay valuation next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00494-00134784-00135127 okay so you know all these
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00495-00135128-00135495 there's a lot of numbers here here um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00496-00135496-00135807 the valuation the per share data
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00497-00135808-00136119 uh compare the data um if you see
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00498-00136120-00136190 something in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00499-00136191-00136478 italic like right here on the left hand
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00500-00136479-00136583 side there
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00501-00136584-00136895 if it's italic it is an estimate
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00502-00136896-00137239 so you could see that for cash flow per
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00503-00137240-00137414 share which is the second line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00504-00137415-00137599 it's going to be ten dollars and 30
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00505-00137600-00137851 cents and for 20 20 it was
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00506-00137852-00138127 11.85 those are projected number
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00507-00138128-00138190 anything
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00508-00138191-00138599 italic means that is the estimate
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00509-00138600-00138799 so when you see these things like you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00510-00138800-00138990 see things increasing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00511-00138991-00139311 um you know you have to determine
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00512-00139312-00139614 uh what is the company doing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00513-00139615-00139951 that's doing right okay um dividends
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00514-00139952-00140223 been increasing since 1963.
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00515-00140224-00140502 what does that mean to you are you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00516-00140503-00140566 looking for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00517-00140567-00141047 income given the dividend data 50
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00518-00141048-00141390 dollars a monthly investment for 24
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00519-00141391-00141695 years uh is fourteen thousand three
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00520-00141696-00141807 hundred dollars
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00521-00141808-00142063 but that generated twenty two thousand
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00522-00142064-00142223 dollars of dividend
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00523-00142224-00142551 and reinvesting the dividend um into the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00524-00142552-00142583 j
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00525-00142584-00142863 j stock would give you would have given
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00526-00142864-00143207 you a value of 190 000
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00527-00143208-00143535 is that impressive to you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00528-00143536-00143863 um so you know you when you're getting
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00529-00143864-00143926 all this
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00530-00143927-00144214 information you have to think about it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00531-00144215-00144414 and see if
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00532-00144415-00144759 that looks good to you or not um okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00533-00144760-00145078 the long term growth uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00534-00145079-00145335 it's growing a long time sorry the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00535-00145336-00145447 long-term debt
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00536-00145448-00145759 is growing and the reason why the debt
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00537-00145760-00145831 is growing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00538-00145832-00146119 is because the interest rate is so low
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00539-00146120-00146175 um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00540-00146176-00146463 so that's the time when uh you need to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00541-00146464-00146623 borrow the money because the interest
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00542-00146624-00146878 rate is so low we're practically
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00543-00146879-00147231 down to you know one percent
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00544-00147232-00147551 or zero percent okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00545-00147552-00148047 next screen okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00546-00148048-00148454 um here's the sales graph
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00547-00148455-00148871 okay uh numbers are in italics so again
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00548-00148872-00149175 it's uh projecting for 2021 so it's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00549-00149176-00149423 estimated so it's an italic
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00550-00149424-00149790 and over on the right hand side uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00551-00149791-00150087 you see some numbers there total returns
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00552-00150088-00150119 with
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00553-00150120-00150343 competitors and some of it looks
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00554-00150344-00150454 impressive
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00555-00150455-00150719 so when i look at this i will go check
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00556-00150720-00150902 out those companies too
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00557-00150903-00151263 um just want to make sure
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00558-00151264-00151863 you know okay next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00559-00151864-00152231 okay the annual rate of change
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00560-00152232-00152654 i'm very much into the growth company so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00561-00152655-00152854 i'm very interested in looking at the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00562-00152855-00153078 future growth rate
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00563-00153079-00153383 past performance is already priced in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00564-00153384-00153711 okay johnson johnson is a large company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00565-00153712-00154054 and general expectation is about seven
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00566-00154055-00154263 percent for a large company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00567-00154264-00154559 small companies are more agile but their
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00568-00154560-00154878 finances are not as robust
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00569-00154879-00155190 so j j is a global company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00570-00155191-00155559 and it operates in over 120
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00571-00155560-00156063 countries having a strong or weak dollar
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00572-00156064-00156351 will have an effect on the bottom line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00573-00156352-00156466 okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00574-00156467-00156975 2019 changed the adjusted earnings
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00575-00156976-00157311 it went from 685 to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00576-00157312-00157559 865 and that's why you see that big
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00577-00157560-00157671 spike
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00578-00157672-00157919 um and what happened i had to do some
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00579-00157920-00158023 research on it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00580-00158024-00158283 and apparently value line decided to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00581-00158284-00158463 change make the adjustment
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00582-00158464-00158807 for the 2019 only and did not
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00583-00158808-00159214 change the numbers
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00584-00159215-00159447 for previous years so that's why you see
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00585-00159448-00159575 the spike
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00586-00159576-00159895 so going forward it should be consistent
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00587-00159896-00160247 with the way they re-figure out the 2019
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00588-00160248-00160751 earnings it was an accounting tax issue
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00589-00160752-00161126 next square okay here's the thing about
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00590-00161127-00161543 dividends one year dividend
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00591-00161544-00161854 uh six to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00592-00161855-00162102 eight and a half percent increase in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00593-00162103-00162207 dividend
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00594-00162208-00162511 so the question i always look at this is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00595-00162512-00162790 how many are you getting how many people
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00596-00162791-00163047 are getting a six to eight percent
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00597-00163048-00163390 raise uh in your salary so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00598-00163391-00163590 getting a six to eight percent in the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00599-00163591-00163751 money that you put away
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00600-00163752-00164095 in uh in investing is a pretty good
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00601-00164096-00164407 increase uh social security increased
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00602-00164408-00164711 uh was two percent last year and so an
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00603-00164712-00164814 average of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00604-00164815-00165102 seven and a half percent increase looks
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00605-00165103-00165166 good
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00606-00165167-00165351 and with the history that they could
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00607-00165352-00165623 sustain this dividend increase
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00608-00165624-00166071 okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00609-00166072-00166511 next screen okay the score rating
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00610-00166512-00166871 um i found this in a better investing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00611-00166872-00166999 magazine
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00612-00167000-00167447 and this that one way to screen stocks
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00613-00167448-00167775 is to add up the score
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00614-00167776-00168023 the price stability score the price
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00615-00168024-00168102 growth
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00616-00168103-00168435 persistence score and their earnings uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00617-00168436-00168823 predictability and it must score 200 or
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00618-00168824-00168902 higher
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00619-00168903-00169231 is if it does not score 200 or higher
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00620-00169232-00169599 pass go on to find another company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00621-00169600-00170063 um i like the earning predictability
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00622-00170064-00170438 near 100 um or
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00623-00170439-00170751 at 100. if the price
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00624-00170752-00171102 stability is lower it means there will
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00625-00171103-00171195 be buying
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00626-00171196-00171502 opportunities for me so that's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00627-00171503-00171799 part of buying on the dip if the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00628-00171800-00172087 financial strength is good
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00629-00172088-00172271 the earning predicted is good but the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00630-00172272-00172399 price stability that means
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00631-00172400-00172702 the stock prices fluctuates it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00632-00172703-00172975 creates an opportunity to buy it when it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00633-00172976-00173166 goes down
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00634-00173167-00174047 okay uh next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00635-00174048-00174319 uh so if you could scroll down and read
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00636-00174320-00174463 about the industry
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00637-00174464-00174783 data okay click on re more
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00638-00174784-00175111 down on the bottom it's in a teal color
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00639-00175112-00175438 um really this is a must read get an
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00640-00175439-00175502 insight
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00641-00175503-00176071 about the industry that j j is in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00642-00176072-00176343 the teal box in the middle it talks
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00643-00176344-00176423 about
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00644-00176424-00176726 uh the insider transaction it tells you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00645-00176727-00177023 about who is buying and selling in opera
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00646-00177024-00177190 and upper management
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00647-00177191-00177511 this data used to take up to 30 days but
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00648-00177512-00177647 now it only takes
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00649-00177648-00178143 a few days okay as you can see
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00650-00178144-00178447 uh over here for institution buyers
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00651-00178448-00178711 many mutual funds and pension fund owns
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00652-00178712-00178878 j and j
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00653-00178879-00179119 there's only a problem when the market
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00654-00179120-00179238 crash
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00655-00179239-00179559 uh people call in to redeem for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00656-00179560-00179663 redemptions
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00657-00179664-00179895 and this may cause tax issues and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00658-00179896-00180038 valuation flux
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00659-00180039-00180599 in the short term okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00660-00180600-00180902 next screen um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00661-00180903-00181119 the business description in this
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00662-00181120-00181238 particular one
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00663-00181239-00181575 um there wasn't any um there wasn't
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00664-00181576-00181878 a lot of of data there and my suggestion
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00665-00181879-00182111 is just go directly to the johnson
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00666-00182112-00182199 johnson
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00667-00182200-00182583 website and they have a history
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00668-00182584-00182863 and re-up on johnson johnson they were
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00669-00182864-00182987 established in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00670-00182988-00183351 1885 and the first thing that they
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00671-00183352-00183854 sold was a sterilized glass pad
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00672-00183855-00184190 so it's very interesting to look at the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00673-00184191-00184319 website too
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00674-00184320-00184607 okay technical ranking the technical
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00675-00184608-00184671 ranking
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00676-00184672-00185014 is number two and if you click on the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00677-00185015-00185143 show
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00678-00185144-00185438 okay it'll display of the technical the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00679-00185439-00185695 history of the technical ranking
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00680-00185696-00186135 okay the orange box okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00681-00186136-00186526 uh tells you uh it provides you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00682-00186527-00186950 two years of reports in the pdf file
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00683-00186951-00187311 okay all right do we have any questions
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00684-00187312-00187543 this is a good stopping point before we
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00685-00187544-00188150 go on to the pdf file
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00686-00188151-00188502 um harriet there's a question
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00687-00188503-00188863 from dave does value line only have 1700
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00688-00188864-00188943 stocks
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00689-00188944-00189302 and then he has some 100 plus 300 plus
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00690-00189303-00189743 900 plus 300 plus 100 equals 1700
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00691-00189744-00190095 right and more than 1700 public
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00692-00190096-00190223 companies
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00693-00190224-00190671 uh yes there is uh there are um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00694-00190672-00190935 i believe it's close to eight thousand
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00695-00190936-00191047 okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00696-00191048-00191350 the 1700 the value lined
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00697-00191351-00191726 cover um is based
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00698-00191727-00192119 on uh it would rep the 1700 stock would
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00699-00192120-00192190 represent
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00700-00192191-00192519 about over 90 of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00701-00192520-00192911 the stocks that are traded
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00702-00192912-00193287 okay so it covers the majority of the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00703-00193288-00193431 stocks that are traded
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00704-00193432-00193575 there's a lot of companies that are
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00705-00193576-00193919 listed but they don't trade very often
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00706-00193920-00195311 okay does that answer your question
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00707-00195312-00195463 did that answer your question you can
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00708-00195464-00195775 unmute yourself for a minute
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00709-00195776-00196071 uh i i think so but i've never heard of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00710-00196072-00196166 a thing of a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00711-00196167-00196423 public company that's not traded i mean
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00712-00196424-00196638 that doesn't really sound
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00713-00196639-00196935 like it's a public company then well i i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00714-00196936-00196990 mean
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00715-00196991-00197319 as far as volume is concerned
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00716-00197320-00197638 it may be yeah it's it's you know it do
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00717-00197639-00197895 they have the volume
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00718-00197896-00198159 even though it's a publicly traded it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00719-00198160-00198343 doesn't have a lot of volume not
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00720-00198344-00198883 not a lot of people are trading it okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00721-00198884-00199175 yep and dave did that answer your second
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00722-00199176-00199231 question
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00723-00199232-00199447 why is the sum of the number of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00724-00199448-00199766 companies with a safety rating 1700
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00725-00199767-00200007 based on the numbers harriet mentioned
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00726-00200008-00200287 did that answer your question yeah yeah
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00727-00200288-00200463 those numbers i just added up the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00728-00200464-00200735 numbers she said for each um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00729-00200736-00200966 each different rating number and that's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00730-00200967-00201231 why where i got the 1700 but now i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00731-00201232-00201423 understand it's just those are like the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00732-00201424-00201454 big
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00733-00201455-00201943 companies i guess right
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00734-00201944-00202183 okay and then a question from ming do
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00735-00202184-00202326 you have the latest report
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00736-00202327-00202614 um value line up updates their reports i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00737-00202615-00202647 think
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00738-00202648-00202983 daily isn't that right harriet no value
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00739-00202984-00203038 lines
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00740-00203039-00203343 updates like um if we well
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00741-00203344-00203550 the next slide that we're gonna go to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00742-00203551-00203687 there's a date on it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00743-00203688-00204047 and it the cycle is 13 weeks
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00744-00204048-00204319 and what the 13 weeks means is that when
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00745-00204320-00204511 you look at the pdf file
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00746-00204512-00204783 it'll give you a date of when that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00747-00204784-00204871 report is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00748-00204871-00205119 and basically it's every three months so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00749-00205119-00205223 if you add
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00750-00205223-00205494 three months to it that will be when the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00751-00205496-00205542 next
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00752-00205544-00205846 report will come out
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00753-00205848-00206062 um and then linda asks how do you find
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00754-00206063-00206198 an investment club
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00755-00206200-00206423 where you might share doing this kind of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00756-00206423-00206655 research on stocks i can send her the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00757-00206656-00206886 link for um better investing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00758-00206887-00207198 yes good one it's a good non-profit
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00759-00207200-00207527 and they're active yeah
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00760-00207528-00208119 okay i've got that one covered okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00761-00208119-00208414 that's it on the questions okay let's go
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00762-00208415-00208510 on to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00763-00208511-00208814 okay you're there already laurie okay so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00764-00208815-00209151 here is the format of the pdf
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00765-00209152-00209446 file for johnson and johnson okay so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00766-00209448-00209606 this is the hard copy
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00767-00209607-00209934 and you could see it the new online
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00768-00209935-00210239 format is much easier on the eye
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00769-00210240-00210582 this hard copy format in the beginning
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00770-00210583-00210615 was
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00771-00210616-00210903 very intimidating to me because it was
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00772-00210904-00210942 just
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00773-00210944-00211206 so much data and it was very stressful
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00774-00211207-00211494 that i had to figure out this page
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00775-00211496-00211719 but eventually i did i you know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00776-00211719-00211815 discipline
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00777-00211816-00212055 i persevere and i'm being patient with
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00778-00212056-00212223 myself i did figure it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00779-00212223-00212567 out okay and down david right down on
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00780-00212567-00212606 that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00781-00212607-00212855 very corner night this one says august
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00782-00212856-00212927 14
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00783-00212928-00213319 2020 okay so three months august
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00784-00213319-00213558 september october november so the next
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00785-00213559-00213734 report would have been about november
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00786-00213735-00213831 14th
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00787-00213832-00214015 and then you know it's like every three
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00788-00214016-00214158 months um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00789-00214159-00214439 that's how you calculate okay next
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00790-00214440-00214503 screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00791-00214504-00214894 so what i did was uh i tried to map out
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00792-00214896-00215071 the online version
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00793-00215071-00215391 to the pdf data
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00794-00215392-00215742 okay so here
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00795-00215744-00216055 in the statistical array in the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00796-00216056-00216406 per share data okay now the way
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00797-00216407-00216742 the online version they kind of combined
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00798-00216744-00216791 it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00799-00216792-00217119 uh oh under the pdf format
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00800-00217119-00217519 they have the per-share data up here
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00801-00217519-00217887 um on top with the handle kind of like
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00802-00217888-00218134 it looks like nebraska
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00803-00218135-00218303 and then the bottom half would be
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00804-00218304-00218606 company data so you can see over on the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00805-00218607-00218871 right hand side the first thing it says
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00806-00218871-00218919 like
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00807-00218919-00219279 of sales per share okay and down
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00808-00219280-00219694 on the company data it'll say sales
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00809-00219696-00219998 okay um so that's the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00810-00220000-00220263 that's the difference sometimes you want
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00811-00220264-00220342 it per share
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00812-00220344-00220646 and sometimes you want uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00813-00220648-00221367 the company data uh okay next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00814-00221367-00221671 so the annual rates this is the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00815-00221671-00222034 orange squares okay the estimates from
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00816-00222035-00222182 2023
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00817-00222183-00222575 um if you look at the estimate
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00818-00222576-00223039 for the annual rates 20 20
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00819-00223040-00223371 estimated from 17 to 19 to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00820-00223371-00223710 23 to 25. that was
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00821-00223711-00224031 very uncommon value line was the only
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00822-00224032-00224094 one
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00823-00224096-00224398 that was doing this
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00824-00224400-00224727 and it was very very valuable to me
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00825-00224728-00225071 because if if you're new
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00826-00225071-00225367 it was hard to make a guess so here
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00827-00225367-00225471 value line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00828-00225471-00225734 was telling you that they expected sales
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00829-00225735-00225910 to grow by five percent
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00830-00225911-00226215 that the cash flow was going to grow by
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00831-00226216-00226527 um eight and a half percent
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00832-00226528-00226798 uh and earnings gonna grow at ten
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00833-00226800-00226894 percent
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00834-00226896-00227182 and dividends were gonna grow at seven
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00835-00227183-00227342 and a half percent
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00836-00227344-00227615 so that's why i was saying wow you know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00837-00227616-00227815 if dividends growing at seven and a half
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00838-00227816-00227919 percent
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00839-00227919-00228103 um that's pretty good because that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00840-00228104-00228303 definitely when i was working my raises
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00841-00228304-00228479 weren't seven and a half percent that's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00842-00228480-00228663 for sure
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00843-00228664-00228975 uh okay um so but
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00844-00228976-00229279 things have changed now um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00845-00229280-00229606 like in better investing where we do the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00846-00229607-00229782 stock selection guy
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00847-00229783-00230023 there's many sources available now
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00848-00230023-00230231 morning stars will give you an estimate
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00849-00230232-00230294 now
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00850-00230296-00230615 uh warriors give you an estimate finance
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00851-00230616-00230798 yahoo will give you an estimate
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00852-00230800-00231151 so there's a lot of places and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00853-00231152-00231342 your brokerage firm will give you an
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00854-00231344-00231534 estimate of what the sales
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00855-00231535-00231871 and uh dividends uh uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00856-00231871-00232142 sales going to be so now it's much more
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00857-00232144-00232319 readily available
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00858-00232319-00232487 the other thing that i really want to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00859-00232488-00232639 mention was
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00860-00232640-00233023 the footnote the smaller the print
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00861-00233023-00233327 the more important you read it and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00862-00233328-00233663 uh over to the right hand side
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00863-00233664-00233855 where it says the company strength
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00864-00233856-00233998 remember that was a part where
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00865-00234000-00234303 i says you add up the numbers to 200 and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00866-00234304-00234423 if it doesn't
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00867-00234423-00234687 you pass and so this is where it is on
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00868-00234688-00234815 the pdf file
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00869-00234816-00235119 so you see that 185 and 75
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00870-00235119-00235551 there so um and with and if i'm
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00871-00235552-00235734 looking at a company that i don't know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00872-00235735-00235863 anything about
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00873-00235864-00236175 the the square that i will look at is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00874-00236176-00236239 that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00875-00236240-00236479 uh light blue square it's called
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00876-00236480-00236687 business and it will tell you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00877-00236688-00237006 something about the company and so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00878-00237007-00237182 you know if i come up with a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00879-00237183-00237310 conglomerate
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00880-00237311-00237503 and i go well i know it's a conglomerate
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00881-00237504-00237631 what does it do
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00882-00237632-00237823 when i look up value line this is where
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00883-00237823-00237991 i would go i would look up the business
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00884-00237992-00238110 section and re
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00885-00238111-00238534 and give me uh i will start from there
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00886-00238535-00239071 reading up about their business
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00887-00239071-00239406 okay next screen okay back
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00888-00239407-00239815 to uh talking about
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00889-00239816-00240119 the dow jones 30 that it's uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00890-00240119-00240463 the the the reports for the dow jones 30
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00891-00240464-00240646 is available for free
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00892-00240648-00240919 um and you get that when you first sign
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00893-00240919-00240998 on
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00894-00241000-00241239 to the front page of value line and you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00895-00241240-00241439 can click on value line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00896-00241440-00241815 uh and the dow jones 30. so this is also
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00897-00241816-00242151 a good place for you to consider looking
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00898-00242152-00242303 for a large company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00899-00242304-00242598 that has a good liquidity and is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00900-00242600-00242687 profitable
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00901-00242688-00242903 and it's a good place to start looking
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00902-00242904-00243279 for a quality company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00903-00243280-00243879 okay next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00904-00243880-00244223 um the other place is you know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00905-00244223-00244519 again back to the beginning of value
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00906-00244519-00244606 line you can
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00907-00244607-00244871 do browsing research and there's a tab
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00908-00244871-00244934 called find
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00909-00244935-00245246 ideas okay so um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00910-00245248-00245598 those are resources that you can take a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00911-00245600-00245671 look at
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00912-00245671-00245958 the fine ideas uh you can look for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00913-00245959-00246279 preset screens
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00914-00246280-00246771 next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00915-00246771-00247279 okay click
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00916-00247280-00247639 next screen okay so if you click on the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00917-00247640-00247882 screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00918-00247883-00248087 um under
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00919-00248088-00248419 fine ideas you can see the arrow this is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00920-00248419-00248623 screener
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00921-00248623-00249023 when you click on that next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00922-00249023-00249342 these are the preset screens uh basic
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00923-00249344-00249551 criterias
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00924-00249552-00249806 so whatever you're interested in next
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00925-00249807-00249879 screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00926-00249880-00250206 um i clicked on conservative stock
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00927-00250207-00250487 ranked number one for relative safety
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00928-00250488-00250687 okay so you click on that then they'll
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00929-00250688-00250798 give you a listing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00930-00250800-00251175 of those stocks okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00931-00251176-00251471 and next screen here's the safety
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00932-00251471-00251663 ranking so if you want to look
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00933-00251664-00251934 at a stock screener that lists all the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00934-00251935-00252103 stocks that are ranked number one or
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00935-00252104-00252303 number two that's what you do you click
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00936-00252304-00252479 on number one
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00937-00252480-00252855 and it will give you a listing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00938-00252856-00253215 okay if you want to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00939-00253216-00253567 do the rating and the ranking
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00940-00253567-00253951 you can click on that and when you click
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00941-00253952-00254015 on that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00942-00254016-00254903 you get to the next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00943-00254904-00255391 okay are we on the same page here
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00944-00255392-00255934 oh excuse me i lost myself here
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00945-00255935-00256367 uh ranking
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00946-00256367-00256734 okay here okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00947-00256735-00257055 so rating and ranks okay there's an
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00948-00257056-00257158 arrow here
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00949-00257159-00257351 if you look at the screen when you get
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00950-00257352-00257575 online you can scroll
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00951-00257576-00257855 if you have a touch screen computer it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00952-00257856-00258079 you know you can scroll or you can go to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00953-00258080-00258246 the bottom of the screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00954-00258248-00258567 and scroll that way okay because there's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00955-00258567-00258727 a lot more data
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00956-00258728-00259087 over hidden on the side there
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00957-00259088-00259534 next screen so the estimated projection
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00958-00259535-00260119 okay screen uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00959-00260119-00260423 so do take the time to look at these
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00960-00260423-00260639 things
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00961-00260640-00260887 and look at the data this really should
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00962-00260888-00260942 take
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00963-00260944-00261255 uh quite a bit a bit of time so you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00964-00261256-00261319 might want to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00965-00261319-00261623 allocate some time or allocate a certain
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00966-00261623-00261791 day or certain hour
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00967-00261792-00262055 so that you can spend some times
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00968-00262056-00262199 uninterrupted to go
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00969-00262200-00262487 through this kind of stuff okay next
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00970-00262488-00262782 screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00971-00262783-00263087 uh earnings and projection
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00972-00263088-00263310 so here they give you like a three to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00973-00263311-00263495 five year projection
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00974-00263496-00263799 um dividend i'm sorry
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00975-00263800-00264095 harry which page are you on um i'm on
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00976-00264096-00264247 46.
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00977-00264248-00264655 you're on 46.
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00978-00264656-00265167 i'm 146. okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00979-00265168-00265487 yeah estimator and projection and so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00980-00265488-00265823 on that screen you'll find the dividend
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00981-00265824-00265991 what they're going to project the yearly
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00982-00265992-00266134 dividend is going to be
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00983-00266135-00266391 so this is kind of very nice to see you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00984-00266392-00266606 know especially if you're
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00985-00266607-00267006 older like me and i'm looking for income
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00986-00267007-00267423 this is a screen that i i will use a lot
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00987-00267424-00267663 because i i like those seven to eight
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00988-00267664-00267847 percent increases because my social
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00989-00267848-00268063 security check is only going up by one
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00990-00268064-00268239 percent
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00991-00268240-00268606 okay all right next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00992-00268607-00268958 uh profitability so again profit margin
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00993-00268959-00268999 is really
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00994-00269000-00269263 important so you want to check out these
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00995-00269264-00269358 companies
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00996-00269359-00269679 uh check out what their margins gonna be
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00997-00269680-00269910 uh again there's a lot of data and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00998-00269911-00270095 there's a lot to digest
+cbPtFNrFqJM-00999-00270096-00270399 so give yourself some time
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01000-00270400-00270758 to go through this stuff and again
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01001-00270759-00271079 if the you know profitability growth
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01002-00271080-00271447 growth gross margin operating margin
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01003-00271448-00271743 operating margin estimate percentage of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01004-00271744-00271830 net profit
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01005-00271831-00272071 margin if you don't understand any of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01006-00272072-00272182 these terms
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01007-00272183-00272558 go to the education um tab
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01008-00272559-00272847 and they have a glossary so you can go
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01009-00272848-00272887 there
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01010-00272888-00273263 and find a definition and um i also tell
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01011-00273264-00273495 people i says now that you have your
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01012-00273496-00273871 phones you can always type in um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01013-00273872-00274119 or ask series about you know the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01014-00274120-00274206 definition
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01015-00274207-00274455 of any terms you don't like so it's very
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01016-00274456-00274606 convenient now
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01017-00274607-00274943 to get the definition
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01018-00274944-00275295 next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01019-00275296-00275679 safety ranks okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01020-00275680-00276247 profitability annual rates okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01021-00276248-00276487 so here when you're looking at the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01022-00276488-00276623 annual rates
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01023-00276624-00276975 uh it'll break it down you can see
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01024-00276976-00277103 multiple companies
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01025-00277104-00277271 you know what the growth rate is going
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01026-00277272-00277639 to be so you can compare apples to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01027-00277640-00277943 albert labs to uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01028-00277944-00278310 you know amgen to you know allstate or
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01029-00278311-00278367 whatever
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01030-00278368-00278663 so i mean it's really sometimes i go wow
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01031-00278664-00278767 i'll stay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01032-00278768-00279006 their growth estimated growth rate is 30
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01033-00279007-00279087 percent
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01034-00279088-00279263 that kind of piques my interest and i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01035-00279264-00279455 might you know check into that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01036-00279456-00279687 uh so there's a lot of information and a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01037-00279688-00279839 lot of resources
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01038-00279840-00280310 uh to go through next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01039-00280311-00280647 okay the industry so here's the listing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01040-00280648-00280703 of the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01041-00280704-00281134 industry um and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01042-00281135-00281503 uh if you're you know there's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01043-00281504-00281879 probably over uh close to 100
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01044-00281880-00282239 industry that you can look into and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01045-00282240-00282591 um i would say stay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01046-00282592-00282871 and they have industries ranking too and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01047-00282872-00283079 i would say stay in the top third if
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01048-00283080-00283247 you're a new beginner
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01049-00283248-00283591 uh a new to investing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01050-00283592-00283910 stay with the top 30 industry
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01051-00283911-00284447 just just be safe about it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01052-00284448-00284823 okay so uh next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01053-00284824-00285406 industry
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01054-00285407-00285751 okay here
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01055-00285752-00286127 on the dashboard okay and it will point
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01056-00286128-00286223 to you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01057-00286224-00286527 uh the quick links um for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01058-00286528-00286751 value lines so you can go to the summary
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01059-00286752-00286934 and index
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01060-00286935-00287367 section options all of that you see this
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01061-00287368-00287743 all in teal teal color if
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01062-00287744-00288127 it appears in gray that means
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01063-00288128-00288430 uh the system has logged you off and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01064-00288431-00288615 then you have to log back in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01065-00288616-00289006 okay um so it took me a little while to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01066-00289007-00289127 figure that one out
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01067-00289128-00289487 uh okay so here next screen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01068-00289488-00289823 we're gonna see a hard copy of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01069-00289824-00290143 the front page of value line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01070-00290144-00290439 and there's a lot of information on this
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01071-00290440-00290591 page
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01072-00290592-00291119 this is the summary and index page
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01073-00291120-00291479 if you want to see it online
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01074-00291480-00291758 is just a very long document so you can
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01075-00291759-00291910 just scroll down
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01076-00291911-00292582 the page that you want or you need okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01077-00292583-00292806 take the time and look over this page
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01078-00292807-00292951 the top half
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01079-00292952-00293391 of the summary and index currently um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01080-00293392-00293687 summary and index contents and screen a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01081-00293688-00293734 lot of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01082-00293735-00293943 the ideas that you can check out the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01083-00293944-00294223 ranking the dividends grow um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01084-00294224-00294382 you know if i'm looking for a dividend
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01085-00294383-00294558 stock i could be looking for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01086-00294559-00294879 uh dividends uh growth three to five
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01087-00294880-00295182 year potential the highest annual return
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01088-00295183-00295623 low p e high p es many ideas um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01089-00295624-00295847 you just need to figure out uh a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01090-00295848-00295967 discipline so that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01091-00295968-00296271 you can allow yourself some time so that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01092-00296272-00296447 you can review
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01093-00296448-00296703 okay and look at the numbers and try to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01094-00296704-00296847 make sense of it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01095-00296848-00297230 um like the red hour here the median
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01096-00297231-00297582 estimate 18 month appreciation potential
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01097-00297583-00297975 to target price is only at 15
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01098-00297976-00298151 this kind of tells you that the stock
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01099-00298152-00298415 market is pretty high
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01100-00298416-00298687 the stock market confirms that and a lot
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01101-00298688-00298806 of informations
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01102-00298807-00299119 that you think uh that you have
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01103-00299120-00299334 try to think about the implication so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01104-00299335-00299479 it's very important
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01105-00299480-00299687 uh that if you're new to investing you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01106-00299688-00299815 start to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01107-00299816-00300310 you start out with a quality stock
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01108-00300311-00300575 the bottom half next screen this is the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01109-00300576-00300687 bottom half
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01110-00300688-00301015 of that summary and index page and what
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01111-00301016-00301151 it does it lists
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01112-00301152-00301551 out the industry in alphabetical order
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01113-00301552-00301854 okay and so i said same thing stay in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01114-00301855-00302175 the top 30 percent to reduce your risk
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01115-00302176-00302639 okay um and then scroll down
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01116-00302640-00302958 next page
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01117-00302959-00303295 this is page two on a hard copy but
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01118-00303296-00303479 if you're doing this online you would
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01119-00303480-00303599 just scroll down
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01120-00303600-00303895 and it will list the stock in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01121-00303896-00303999 alphabetical
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01122-00304000-00304406 order okay so you can see that's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01123-00304407-00304710 on page two and it starts out with the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01124-00304711-00304799 alphabet a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01125-00304800-00305191 through a k okay and i found that when i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01126-00305192-00305406 first started out
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01127-00305407-00305719 looking at value line this page was very
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01128-00305720-00305815 important those
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01129-00305816-00306230 numbers was very important
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01130-00306231-00306510 but it took time to understand it and to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01131-00306511-00306599 compare it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01132-00306600-00306903 and that's what i like seeing this page
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01133-00306904-00307182 because i use those numbers to compare
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01134-00307183-00307558 so now this is um this if you use it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01135-00307559-00307647 online
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01136-00307648-00307958 you'll be scrolling from page two all
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01137-00307959-00308167 the way down to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01138-00308168-00308487 page 23. so it's quite a long
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01139-00308488-00308839 um list of stocks
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01140-00308840-00309254 okay and the next screen i want to say
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01141-00309255-00309575 on the bottom of each page
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01142-00309576-00310087 this is the footnotes read the footnotes
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01143-00310088-00310471 there's different footnotes next page
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01144-00310472-00310719 different ones on different pages and i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01145-00310720-00310782 would say
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01146-00310783-00311071 get read those footnotes get familiar
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01147-00311072-00311167 with them
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01148-00311168-00311630 okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01149-00311631-00311958 okay so this is the last page this is on
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01150-00311959-00312127 page 23 so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01151-00312128-00312375 you can see here over on the right hand
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01152-00312376-00312447 side
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01153-00312448-00312806 it says dub it's w y through
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01154-00312807-00313167 z y and it's on page 23.
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01155-00313168-00313471 and again you had footnotes down there
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01156-00313472-00313879 so um so basically the online version
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01157-00313880-00314110 lets you scroll down as much as you like
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01158-00314111-00314223 the hard copy
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01159-00314224-00314543 you'll have to turn the pages um but i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01160-00314544-00314663 think that uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01161-00314664-00314982 that value line did a great job putting
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01162-00314983-00315287 this thing online
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01163-00315288-00315727 okay um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01164-00315728-00316039 next page okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01165-00316040-00316343 stocks with three to five year
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01166-00316344-00316782 uh price potential that's on page 32
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01167-00316783-00317295 okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01168-00317296-00317591 and guess what you can find this also
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01169-00317592-00317687 online
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01170-00317688-00317910 under find ideas and you look at
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01171-00317911-00318023 screeners
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01172-00318024-00318630 and over to the right side of the column
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01173-00318631-00318958 you will see
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01174-00318959-00319191 earnings projected earnings per share
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01175-00319192-00319351 any growth rate
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01176-00319352-00319695 any growth in double digit is appealing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01177-00319696-00319815 to me
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01178-00319816-00320119 using the rule of 72 if your portfolio
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01179-00320120-00320279 is growing by 10
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01180-00320280-00320554 it means your portfolio will double in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01181-00320555-00320775 7.2 years
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01182-00320776-00321095 okay um this is a lot of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01183-00321096-00321471 information uh for new investors so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01184-00321472-00321679 really allocate some time
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01185-00321680-00321975 so uh but you'll really have a chance to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01186-00321976-00322223 secure your future
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01187-00322224-00322654 when i taught this class in person
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01188-00322655-00322879 when we rented a classroom it took me
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01189-00322880-00323047 three and a half hours
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01190-00323048-00323319 to get through this and i only did the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01191-00323320-00323430 pdf file
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01192-00323431-00323775 i did not do the online version um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01193-00323776-00324167 so uh please you know allocate yourself
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01194-00324168-00324247 some time
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01195-00324248-00324567 to log on to invest
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01196-00324568-00324951 in yourself and go to the education tab
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01197-00324952-00325334 as often as you can okay next
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01198-00325335-00325703 screen okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01199-00325704-00326230 oh okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01200-00326231-00326599 say what i want to say
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01201-00326600-00326871 so this was what i was talking about i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01202-00326872-00326943 like
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01203-00326944-00327367 um projecting i like to see any
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01204-00327368-00327654 like this one here says review uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01205-00327655-00327719 allergen
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01206-00327720-00328063 uh technology uh it's gonna grow 10
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01207-00328064-00328247 i like to look at any growth company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01208-00328248-00328527 that grows double digit returns
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01209-00328528-00328878 okay so okay next
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01210-00328879-00329110 so value line oh tell me tell you about
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01211-00329111-00329206 value like
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01212-00329207-00329647 value line was uh started in 1931
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01213-00329648-00329967 um it has a way of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01214-00329968-00330327 develop a method of evaluating stocks so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01215-00330328-00330482 they don't take any money from any
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01216-00330483-00330823 company in 1965 they developed a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01217-00330824-00331023 timeliness ranking system
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01218-00331024-00331327 they have they hire about 70
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01219-00331328-00331654 analysts there um and a lot of the the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01220-00331655-00331863 way they do things all the numbers
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01221-00331864-00332087 and value lines are developed by the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01222-00332088-00332367 analysts
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01223-00332368-00332743 next they are published weekly
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01224-00332744-00333247 so they cover 1700 stocks 96 industry
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01225-00333248-00333606 food processing telecommunication um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01226-00333607-00333958 companies are categorized into industry
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01227-00333959-00334327 every page is revised every 13
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01228-00334328-00334647 and then the re uh begins again
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01229-00334648-00335006 now they do when something happens
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01230-00335007-00335310 um they do also issue supplemental
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01231-00335311-00335734 reports
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01232-00335735-00336134 next screen okay so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01233-00336135-00336430 in summary um you can get a san
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01234-00336431-00336639 francisco
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01235-00336640-00336927 um but right now you have to reside in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01236-00336928-00337143 san francisco and you can apply for that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01237-00337144-00337343 library card online
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01238-00337344-00337654 uh and that way you can access
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01239-00337655-00337967 a value line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01240-00337968-00338439 online i heard that the patoliv
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01241-00338440-00338815 library is going to be open soon
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01242-00338816-00339206 so that's great um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01243-00339207-00339534 you know you can get value line uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01244-00339535-00339839 access anytime anywhere so that's great
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01245-00339840-00340158 uh value line report access is fast
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01246-00340159-00340463 easy and it's free
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01247-00340464-00340839 if you buy this value line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01248-00340840-00341206 report i believe it runs about 600
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01249-00341207-00341630 so the value so the library provides you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01250-00341631-00341887 provided to you for free so it's a great
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01251-00341888-00342206 resource
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01252-00342207-00342527 okay this is the end um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01253-00342528-00342871 thank you for attending um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01254-00342872-00343119 oh i do want to mention that uh better
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01255-00343120-00343263 investing have a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01256-00343264-00343623 90-day free membership um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01257-00343624-00343895 we don't ask for credit cards so but you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01258-00343896-00344127 know we have a lot of webinars that you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01259-00344128-00344319 can
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01260-00344320-00344678 take for free so if you're interested in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01261-00344679-00344839 a 90 day free
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01262-00344840-00345151 membership you can email me and i'll
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01263-00345152-00345239 send you i'll
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01264-00345240-00345495 email you back to form you can send in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01265-00345496-00345751 the form or you can do it online
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01266-00345752-00346071 okay my next class will be april
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01267-00346072-00346391 20th dividend investing 101
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01268-00346392-00346695 and the same time from two to four as an
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01269-00346696-00347071 introduction to dividend investing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01270-00347072-00347406 any questions
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01271-00347407-00347791 there there are a few harriet um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01272-00347792-00348334 let's see
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01273-00348335-00348591 um so there was like there was a comment
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01274-00348592-00348758 from somebody
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01275-00348759-00349158 that um because i was sharing the pdfs
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01276-00349159-00349199 that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01277-00349200-00349543 are on the database and or in the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01278-00349544-00349663 database that are
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01279-00349664-00350006 easy to access and you're saying they're
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01280-00350007-00350199 greyed out they were looking
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01281-00350200-00350558 um they were looking in the dashboard
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01282-00350559-00350927 but if you go to the menu at the top
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01283-00350928-00351167 on the black line that says investment
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01284-00351168-00351319 education
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01285-00351320-00351519 and then you go to the tools guide and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01286-00351520-00351647 click on that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01287-00351648-00351839 then value line has posted a bunch of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01288-00351840-00351958 pdfs
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01289-00351959-00352239 on how to use the database that are
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01290-00352240-00352375 useful
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01291-00352376-00352582 um this person was offering that they
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01292-00352583-00352775 have a lot of videos on youtube
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01293-00352776-00353071 and i'm saying as they also have pdfs
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01294-00353072-00353223 that you can access
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01295-00353224-00353654 through their database as well um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01296-00353655-00353967 let's see
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01297-00353968-00354303 there's a question about i'm not
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01298-00354304-00354423 somebody wants to know what
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01299-00354424-00354647 which version we subscribe to i'm not
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01300-00354648-00354878 sure but i'm i'll find out
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01301-00354879-00355167 um there's a question what is the best
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01302-00355168-00355382 way to find the stocks that did best in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01303-00355383-00355839 the 1970s
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01304-00355840-00356134 repeat the question what is the best way
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01305-00356135-00356223 to find out
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01306-00356224-00356491 the stocks that did the best in the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01307-00356492-00356687 1970s
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01308-00356688-00357110 oh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01309-00357111-00357478 well how do you define best in regards
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01310-00357479-00357510 to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01311-00357511-00358047 profit or sales or
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01312-00358048-00358223 um dave do you want to unmute yourself
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01313-00358224-00358687 and explain what you're asking
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01314-00358688-00359054 uh best in terms of um the price of the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01315-00359055-00359143 stock
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01316-00359144-00359430 just uh i was just thinking in the 70s
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01317-00359431-00359751 there was a lot of inflation and so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01318-00359752-00359934 if we're going to get inflation in the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01319-00359935-00360199 future it'd be interesting to know what
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01320-00360200-00360271 did well
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01321-00360272-00360764 back then for that reason ah
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01322-00360765-00361023 [Music]
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01323-00361024-00361175 i don't think value line has that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01324-00361176-00361447 information but i think somebody did
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01325-00361448-00361830 uh share some site out there you'd have
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01326-00361831-00361982 to google it and find it i don't think
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01327-00361983-00362134 value line covers that kind of stuff
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01328-00362135-00362239 though
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01329-00362240-00362551 no yeah i thought value line went all
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01330-00362552-00362682 the way back to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01331-00362683-00363247 nineteen yeah it started in 1932.
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01332-00363248-00363447 so should shouldn't they have the prices
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01333-00363448-00363719 going back that far
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01334-00363720-00364095 uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01335-00364096-00364343 well it would be on it would be on a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01336-00364344-00364471 hard copy
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01337-00364472-00364671 it's actually they do have it but you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01338-00364672-00364791 have to have
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01339-00364792-00365006 the premier subscription and we don't
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01340-00365007-00365175 have that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01341-00365176-00365654 but they they do um i don't know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01342-00365655-00365919 we have this question a few years back
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01343-00365920-00365991 so i'm
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01344-00365992-00366343 racking my memory um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01345-00366344-00366703 i did we did try and look into getting
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01346-00366704-00367158 the history of the database but we
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01347-00367159-00367351 it i guess it didn't happen because we
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01348-00367352-00367551 don't have it but they do
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01349-00367552-00367791 you would have to pay for that service
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01350-00367792-00367943 you might want to write to them and see
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01351-00367944-00368078 if there's some way to access that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01352-00368079-00368215 information
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01353-00368216-00368534 they do they do um collect it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01354-00368535-00368854 they have it but we just don't we don't
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01355-00368855-00369087 pay for that part of the subscription
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01356-00369088-00369351 so is there some other thing like one of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01357-00369352-00369439 the other
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01358-00369440-00369654 things that you do have that would have
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01359-00369655-00369806 that information
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01360-00369807-00370047 um that's a good question we can laurie
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01361-00370048-00370158 and i can
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01362-00370159-00370543 research that and get back to you okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01363-00370544-00370863 okay all right um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01364-00370864-00371158 so then linda has a question from your
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01365-00371159-00371406 years of experience harriet
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01366-00371407-00371671 are there some financial ratios that you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01367-00371672-00371767 feel are most
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01368-00371768-00371999 important to look at first regardless of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01369-00372000-00372319 the company
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01370-00372320-00372751 um if you're looking at ratios
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01371-00372752-00372991 uh p e ratio i think it's the most
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01372-00372992-00373095 important
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01373-00373096-00373406 um looking at asset ratios
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01374-00373407-00373775 is important to me uh you're
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01375-00373776-00374030 you know but then uh you know what i'm
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01376-00374031-00374175 talking about ratio
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01377-00374176-00374447 um you know for newbies it's like what
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01378-00374448-00374487 is that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01379-00374488-00374630 basically it's two numbers you're going
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01380-00374631-00374887 to compare for the pe ratio is going to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01381-00374888-00375047 be the price of the stock
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01382-00375048-00375254 and you're going to compare it to the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01383-00375255-00375447 earnings and you get a number
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01384-00375448-00375775 okay uh the current the current ratio or
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01385-00375776-00375878 the asset ratio
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01386-00375879-00376119 you're looking at the current liability
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01387-00376120-00376247 of the current asset
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01388-00376248-00376487 versus the current liability because i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01389-00376488-00376758 want to make sure that a company has
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01390-00376759-00377095 more asset than liability simple little
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01391-00377096-00377206 things like that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01392-00377207-00377663 um so yeah i do look at numbers
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01393-00377664-00377902 and see it's how it's balanced you know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01394-00377903-00377991 it's just like
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01395-00377992-00378310 in your personal um life
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01396-00378311-00378527 it's like you know you have you want to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01397-00378528-00378671 make sure that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01398-00378672-00378934 uh your debt load you know how much you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01399-00378935-00379102 have on your credit card
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01400-00379103-00379415 uh is a lot less than what you have
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01401-00379416-00379606 in your savings and your checking
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01402-00379607-00379727 account you know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01403-00379728-00380039 so you can look at that as a ratio
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01404-00380040-00380375 um because that measures you know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01405-00380376-00380687 the risk factor uh and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01406-00380688-00381006 so and and that kind of tells me how
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01407-00381007-00381558 well the company is managing their money
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01408-00381559-00381782 so if she's into that because it's like
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01409-00381783-00381887 the current uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01410-00381888-00382254 your your current ratio your asset ratio
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01411-00382255-00382439 uh would be something i'd be looking at
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01412-00382440-00382606 my p e ratio
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01413-00382607-00382875 uh you know profit margin
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01414-00382876-00383030 percentages-wise
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01415-00383031-00383527 those numbers are important
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01416-00383528-00383902 okay um i'm busy answering a question
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01417-00383903-00384167 and about to read the next one uh let's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01418-00384168-00384895 see
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01419-00384896-00385102 uh somebody asked if it will be recorded
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01420-00385103-00385239 yes and we'll share that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01421-00385240-00385591 after the program um how to sign up for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01422-00385592-00385719 the april 20th
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01423-00385720-00386030 dividends class go to the sfpl.org
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01424-00386031-00386199 forward slash events
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01425-00386200-00386482 to sign up for the to register for the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01426-00386483-00386967 program
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01427-00386968-00387199 and it looks like lori posted the link
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01428-00387200-00387495 in the chat
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01429-00387496-00387871 and ayna provides
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01430-00387872-00388102 a suggestion yahoo finance provides
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01431-00388103-00388799 historical data going back pretty far
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01432-00388800-00389143 yes but his story their historical data
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01433-00389144-00389663 is stock split it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01434-00389664-00390351 okay and then um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01435-00390352-00390710 jio suggesting to look at the beta
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01436-00390711-00390967 it is a primary indicator for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01437-00390968-00391527 variability versus risk-free return
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01438-00391528-00391806 okay that's all the questions so far
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01439-00391807-00391902 does anybody
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01440-00391903-00392151 um have a question for harriet that you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01441-00392152-00392758 haven't asked in the chat
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01442-00392759-00393102 yes i just missed how you navigated to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01443-00393103-00393230 the um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01444-00393231-00393782 book version online
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01445-00393783-00394015 so the print version of value line is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01446-00394016-00394175 that what you're asking
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01447-00394176-00394510 you sold an online copy
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01448-00394511-00394767 of the print version but that is in the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01449-00394768-00394982 value line
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01450-00394983-00395351 yes yes i miss how to get there
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01451-00395352-00395591 oh okay so like when when i did the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01452-00395592-00395727 johnson johnson
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01453-00395728-00396063 and i scroll all the way down um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01454-00396064-00396743 uh okay let me see if i can find
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01455-00396744-00397863 let me see if i can find it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01456-00397864-00398239 screen 30. oh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01457-00398240-00398815 lori is this oh it's 2 30 okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01458-00398816-00399239 okay so over here on the yeah
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01459-00399240-00399575 okay so they actually list you two years
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01460-00399576-00399830 uh worth okay so you can just click on
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01461-00399831-00399958 that so you can see that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01462-00399959-00400351 uh when i did this class back in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01463-00400352-00400630 october i think it was uh november uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01464-00400631-00400782 you could see the latest one was
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01465-00400783-00401102 dated october august 14th so you can
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01466-00401103-00401271 click on that one that would be the most
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01467-00401272-00401391 current one
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01468-00401392-00401647 and then you can go may 15th if you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01469-00401648-00401719 wanted to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01470-00401720-00401999 but there's two years of data there i'm
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01471-00402000-00402206 sorry i did not ask that question
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01472-00402207-00402302 correctly
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01473-00402303-00402630 i mean they talked about oh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01474-00402631-00403006 it's like the one that had 23 pages
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01475-00403007-00403319 oh okay the one that has 20
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01476-00403320-00403758 okay um i think it's 50 page 50
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01477-00403759-00404006 it's from dashboard you click on summary
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01478-00404007-00404247 and index
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01479-00404248-00404551 i think that's what she's asking about i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01480-00404552-00404599 think
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01481-00404600-00405039 it is thank you very much right
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01482-00405040-00405230 yeah and i talked about it's just one
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01483-00405231-00405487 long long page you can keep scrolling
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01484-00405488-00405663 and and you'll get to listen to that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01485-00405664-00405806 that's it all right thank you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01486-00405807-00406143 thank you okay yeah okay harriet next
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01487-00406144-00406239 question is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01488-00406240-00406454 um what is the advantage of buying
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01489-00406455-00406847 stocks rather than mutual funds
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01490-00406848-00407295 um the advantage of buying individual
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01491-00407296-00407391 stocks
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01492-00407392-00407663 or mutual funds okay with mutual fund
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01493-00407664-00407751 you get
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01494-00407752-00408175 um diversification that's for sure
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01495-00408176-00408527 um but with mutual fun with stocks you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01496-00408528-00408719 can buy and sell anytime
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01497-00408720-00408967 uh with mutual funds you usually have to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01498-00408968-00409039 wait
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01499-00409040-00409302 until the end of the day so actually
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01500-00409303-00409415 when you sell
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01501-00409416-00409647 a mutual fund you never know what the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01502-00409647-00409855 price is going to be because you have to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01503-00409856-00410239 wait for the nav so the net asset value
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01504-00410239-00410414 at the end of the day so they need
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01505-00410415-00410639 the market needs to close and then they
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01506-00410639-00410791 figure out what the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01507-00410792-00410999 you know what the value of the portfolio
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01508-00411000-00411159 is and then if you want to sell then
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01509-00411160-00411366 that's the price you get to sell
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01510-00411367-00411726 um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01511-00411727-00412007 i started out with mutual funds and it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01512-00412008-00412047 felt
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01513-00412047-00412326 safer to me at that point and i and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01514-00412327-00412534 that's what i started out with
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01515-00412535-00412839 um and then i gradually
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01516-00412839-00413095 the once i started to form my own
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01517-00413096-00413207 opinion then
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01518-00413208-00413487 i took then i went to to individual
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01519-00413488-00413670 stocks
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01520-00413671-00413966 okay but i i understand that the mutual
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01521-00413967-00414055 funds
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01522-00414056-00414407 um and etfs uh is a way of
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01523-00414408-00414710 instant um diversification and it's an
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01524-00414712-00414807 instant way
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01525-00414808-00415078 of when you diversify you do reduce your
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01526-00415079-00415143 risk
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01527-00415143-00415295 because you don't have all your eggs in
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01528-00415296-00415687 one basket
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01529-00415688-00416007 thank you harriet okay um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01530-00416008-00416391 let's see
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01531-00416392-00416614 okay i'm dave i'll look i'll look for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01532-00416615-00416839 sarah's question
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01533-00416839-00417182 hold on okay and there's a question that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01534-00417183-00417374 i apparently skipped
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01535-00417375-00417726 lori do you see what uh yeah there was a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01536-00417727-00417782 question
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01537-00417783-00417966 uh sent to me directly but it's for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01538-00417967-00418134 harriet and the question is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01539-00418135-00418359 does value line make its money from
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01540-00418360-00418503 selling the reports
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01541-00418504-00418822 harriet yes
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01542-00418823-00419126 it sells the reports to like the san
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01543-00419127-00419295 francisco public library
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01544-00419296-00419614 or it sells it to individuals like me
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01545-00419615-00419910 if i wanted to buy it and i did um i did
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01546-00419912-00419983 um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01547-00419984-00420263 subscribe to value line for for a short
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01548-00420264-00420447 time
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01549-00420447-00420695 but i found it was much more convenient
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01550-00420696-00420783 to use the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01551-00420784-00421263 libraries yes it is yeah
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01552-00421264-00421518 i found the question that we overlooked
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01553-00421519-00421831 um this is from sarah
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01554-00421832-00422103 sarah asks are there any simulation
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01555-00422104-00422199 websites
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01556-00422200-00422366 you would recommend to practice
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01557-00422367-00422883 investing before using personal savings
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01558-00422884-00423017 um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01559-00423018-00423166 [Music]
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01560-00423167-00423543 well though
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01561-00423543-00423807 you don't have uh there's that the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01562-00423808-00423951 application
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01563-00423952-00424310 uh if you want to do that you can do
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01564-00424312-00424751 it with pencil and paper
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01565-00424752-00425143 really i you know uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01566-00425143-00425510 i know that uh i think that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01567-00425512-00425814 charles schwab has a what to call paper
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01568-00425815-00425959 trading system
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01569-00425960-00426343 uh oic uh the option industry
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01570-00426343-00426703 uh council used to have one um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01571-00426704-00427087 but they have not been able um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01572-00427088-00427318 uh charles schwab used to supply it for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01573-00427319-00427399 them
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01574-00427400-00427831 but they couldn't agree to continue that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01575-00427832-00428247 um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01576-00428247-00428575 tasty work has a paper trailing
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01577-00428576-00428743 but a lot of people will say i want to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01578-00428743-00428935 do it online but the actual reality i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01579-00428935-00429063 said you don't need
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01580-00429064-00429270 you don't need to you just need to say
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01581-00429271-00429487 okay today i want to buy
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01582-00429488-00429687 whatever stock you need to just write
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01583-00429688-00429855 down the information
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01584-00429856-00430166 you know and long shoe what it is is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01585-00430167-00430359 that you're creating a journal
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01586-00430360-00430591 and you say on this particular day i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01587-00430592-00430743 want to buy
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01588-00430743-00431087 x amount of socks um and you just record
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01589-00431088-00431127 it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01590-00431128-00431391 and once you record it you can always go
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01591-00431392-00431479 back
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01592-00431480-00431703 you know and look at that piece of paper
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01593-00431704-00431983 and compare it to the current price
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01594-00431984-00432327 and see how well you did you know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01595-00432328-00432535 so you don't need anything sophisticated
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01596-00432535-00432807 you just need to write it down
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01597-00432808-00433103 so if you just write it down on a piece
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01598-00433104-00433263 of binder paper
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01599-00433264-00433655 you know it's recorded you know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01600-00433656-00433991 and then you go back and you look at it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01601-00433992-00434391 and see how you did in the future
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01602-00434392-00434687 thank you uh here there's a question
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01603-00434688-00434791 from elizabeth
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01604-00434792-00434983 how much is a membership to better
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01605-00434984-00435175 investing after the 90 days free
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01606-00435176-00435263 membership is
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01607-00435264-00435687 over that's a good question
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01608-00435688-00436087 um i it i believe it's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01609-00436088-00436422 it's it's a hundred and twenty
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01610-00436423-00436663 four dollars or something like that the
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01611-00436664-00436807 reason why i don't know
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01612-00436808-00437159 is that i'm a lifetime member so i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01613-00437160-00437591 paid this uh the fee many many years ago
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01614-00437592-00437975 um and so i i have not kept up
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01615-00437976-00438175 but the last time i checked i think it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01616-00438176-00438414 was a um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01617-00438415-00438583 i think it is it's about a hundred
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01618-00438584-00438791 dollars you know i think there's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01619-00438792-00439143 there's there there were talk about it
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01620-00439143-00439359 being just under a hundred dollars or
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01621-00439360-00439743 it's just over a hundred dollars
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01622-00439743-00440070 but if you email me i'll i'll i'll go
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01623-00440071-00440214 dig up the information
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01624-00440215-00440422 and she's email me i'll send her back
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01625-00440423-00440975 the information
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01626-00440976-00441327 is that okay all right yeah yeah um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01627-00441328-00442118 let's see
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01628-00442119-00442607 there's one more question um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01629-00442608-00442951 or swim by td ameritrade you can google
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01630-00442952-00443127 paper training options oh she's
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01631-00443128-00443366 answering somebody else's question
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01632-00443367-00443735 um i don't see any more questions um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01633-00443735-00443927 did better what else have one for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01634-00443928-00444087 harriet
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01635-00444088-00444479 i have a comment td ameritrade
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01636-00444480-00445095 uh td ameritrade was uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01637-00445096-00445470 think and swim um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01638-00445471-00445839 tom snoff uh was a
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01639-00445839-00446255 co-developer of think and swim uh
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01640-00446256-00446570 and they sold it to td ameritrade uh for
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01641-00446571-00446807 750 million dollars
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01642-00446808-00447143 um tom snow has now created his own
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01643-00447143-00447255 brokerage firm
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01644-00447256-00447566 and it's called tastyworks okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01645-00447567-00448014 um so
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01646-00448015-00448255 i know that they have a lot of online
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01647-00448256-00448414 classes because they're really into
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01648-00448415-00448566 education too
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01649-00448567-00448839 uh so there's a lot of classes on that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01650-00448839-00448927 but they're
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01651-00448928-00449327 um they like to emphasize options
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01652-00449328-00449695 okay just want to
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01653-00449696-00450279 fyi on that
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01654-00450280-00450455 okay so i'm just gonna carry it um i
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01655-00450456-00450883 don't see any more questions
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01656-00450884-00451047 um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01657-00451047-00451375 i i guess we have reached our end of our
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01658-00451376-00451487 program
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01659-00451488-00451791 okay thank you everyone
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01660-00451792-00452087 thank you harriet another great program
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01661-00452088-00452135 and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01662-00452135-00452383 um people are asking if we're sending
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01663-00452384-00452535 the recording yes
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01664-00452535-00452895 we're also sending the slides and um
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01665-00452896-00453159 you can send questions to our email
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01666-00453160-00453347 address midsidetech at
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01667-00453347-00453743 sfpl.org and we'll happily forward them
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01668-00453743-00453822 if they are about
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01669-00453823-00454183 investing to herod
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01670-00454184-00454414 so um thanks for joining us today and
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01671-00454415-00454743 thank you again harriet for your expert
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01672-00454743-00455118 teachings today and we will see you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01673-00455119-00455414 at the next program on the 20th okay
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01674-00455415-00455510 thank you
+cbPtFNrFqJM-01675-00455512-00456432 thank you very much