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+hTkX_2IzVGc-00000-00000041-00000401 Jamaica was an English colony from 1655
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00001-00000401-00000586 when it was captured by the English from
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00002-00000587-00000902 Spain or 1670 when Spain formally ceded
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00003-00000902-00001091 Jamaica to the English and a British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00004-00001092-00001457 colony from 1707 until 1962 when it
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00005-00001458-00001768 became independent Jamaica ham Iowa
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00006-00001769-00002402 became a crown colony in 1866
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00007-00002403-00002911 topic seventeenth-century
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00008-00002912-00003444 topic English conquest
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00009-00003445-00003789 in late 1654 English leader Oliver
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00010-00003790-00003965 Cromwell launched the western design
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00011-00003967-00004161 armada against Spain's colonies in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00012-00004162-00004476 Caribbean in April 1655 general robert
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00013-00004477-00004707 Venables led the Armada in an attack on
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00014-00004708-00004980 Spain's fort at Santo Domingo Hispaniola
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00015-00004981-00005256 however the Spanish repulsed this poorly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00016-00005257-00005466 executed attack known as the siege of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00017-00005467-00005658 Santo Domingo and the English troops
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00018-00005659-00005954 were soon decimated by disease weakened
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00019-00005955-00006156 by fever and looking for an easy victory
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00020-00006157-00006366 following their defeat at Santo Domingo
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00021-00006367-00006543 the English force then sailed for
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00022-00006544-00006756 Jamaica the only Spanish West Indies
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00023-00006756-00006942 island that did not have new defensive
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00024-00006943-00007377 works in May 1655 around 7,000 English
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00025-00007378-00007581 soldiers landed near Jamaica Spanish
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00026-00007581-00007871 town capital the English invasion force
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00027-00007872-00008048 soon overwhelmed the small number of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00028-00008050-00008268 Spanish troops at the time Jamaica's
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00029-00008269-00008513 entire population only numbered around
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00030-00008514-00008769 2,500 in the following years Spain
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00031-00008770-00008928 repeatedly attempted to recapture
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00032-00008929-00009243 Jamaica and in response in 1657 the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00033-00009244-00009435 English Governor of Jamaica invited
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00034-00009436-00009624 Buccaneers to base themselves at Port
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00035-00009625-00009860 Royal on Santiago to help defend against
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00036-00009861-00010163 Spanish attacks Spain never recaptured
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00037-00010164-00010391 Jamaica losing the Battle of Oh Joe Rios
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00038-00010392-00010719 in 1657 in the Battle of Rio Nuevo in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00039-00010720-00011066 1658 Governor Edward Doyle II succeeded
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00040-00011067-00011283 in persuading one of the leaders of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00041-00011284-00011519 Spanish Maroons one to bolas to switch
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00042-00011520-00011699 sides and join the English along with
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00043-00011700-00012054 his maroon warriors in 1660 when don
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00044-00012055-00012299 cristobal de za c realized that de bolas
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00045-00012300-00012471 had joined the English he admitted that
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00046-00012472-00012669 the Spanish no longer had a chance of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00047-00012670-00012872 recapturing the island since de Bullis
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00048-00012874-00013002 and his men knew the mountainous
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00049-00013003-00013191 interior better than the Spanish in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00050-00013191-00013488 English za sea gave up on his dreams and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00051-00013488-00013728 fled to Cuba for England Jamaica was to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00052-00013729-00013887 be the dagger pointed at the heart of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00053-00013888-00014094 the Spanish Empire although in fact it
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00054-00014094-00014268 was a possession of little economic
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00055-00014269-00014605 value then
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00056-00014606-00015190 topic early British colonization
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00057-00015191-00015406 Cromwell increased the islands white
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00058-00015407-00015597 population by sending indentured
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00059-00015599-00015775 servants and prisoners captured in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00060-00015776-00015991 battles with the Irish and Scots as well
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00061-00015991-00016252 as some common criminals this practice
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00062-00016253-00016471 was continued under charles ii and the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00063-00016472-00016687 white population was also augmented by
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00064-00016688-00016804 immigrants from the North American
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00065-00016805-00017053 mainland and other islands as well as by
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00066-00017054-00017308 the English Buccaneers but tropical
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00067-00017309-00017494 diseases kept the number of whites well
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00068-00017495-00017887 under 10,000 until about 1740 although
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00069-00017888-00018163 the slave population in the 1670s and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00070-00018164-00018547 1680s never exceeded roughly 9500 by the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00071-00018548-00018760 end of the 17th century imports of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00072-00018761-00018982 slaves increased the black population to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00073-00018983-00019132 at least three times the number of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00074-00019133-00019438 whites thereafter Jamaica's blacks did
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00075-00019439-00019618 not increase significantly in number
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00076-00019619-00019855 until well into the 18th century in part
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00077-00019856-00020032 because the slave ships coming from the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00078-00020033-00020236 west coast of Africa preferred to unload
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00079-00020237-00020380 at the islands of the Eastern Caribbean
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00080-00020381-00020704 at the beginning of the 18th century the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00081-00020705-00020890 number of slaves in Jamaica did not
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00082-00020891-00021190 exceed 45,000 but by 1800 it had
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00083-00021191-00021535 increased to over 300,000 beginning with
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00084-00021536-00021724 the Stewart monarchies appointment of a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00085-00021725-00021982 civil governor to Jamaica in 1661
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00086-00021983-00022213 political patterns were established that
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00087-00022214-00022417 lasted well into the 20th century
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00088-00022418-00022714 the second governor Lord Windsor brought
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00089-00022715-00022999 with him in 1662 a proclamation from the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00090-00023000-00023233 King giving Jamaica's non slave populace
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00091-00023234-00023431 the rights of English citizens including
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00092-00023432-00023556 the right to make their own laws
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00093-00023557-00023824 although he spent only 10 weeks in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00094-00023825-00023994 Jamaica Lord Windsor laid the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00095-00023995-00024193 foundations of a governing system that
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00096-00024194-00024400 was to last for two centuries a crown
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00097-00024401-00024550 appointed governor acting with the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00098-00024551-00024739 advice of a nominated counsel in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00099-00024740-00025042 legislature the legislature consisted of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00100-00025043-00025231 the governor and an elected but highly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00101-00025232-00025381 unrepresentative House of Assembly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00102-00025382-00025600 England gained formal possession of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00103-00025601-00025855 Jamaica from Spain in 1670 through the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00104-00025856-00026113 Treaty of Madrid removing the pressing
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00105-00026114-00026283 need for constant defence against
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00106-00026285-00026488 Spanish attack this change served as an
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00107-00026489-00026767 incentive to planting for years however
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00108-00026768-00026989 the planter dominated Jamaica house of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00109-00026989-00027199 assembly was in continual conflict with
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00110-00027200-00027361 the various governors and the Stewart
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00111-00027362-00027402 kings
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00112-00027404-00027586 there were also contentious factions
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00113-00027587-00027838 within the assembly itself for much of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00114-00027839-00028207 the 1670s and 1680s charles ii and james
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00115-00028208-00028426 ii and the assembly feuded over such
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00116-00028427-00028520 matters as the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00117-00028522-00028716 of slaves from ships not run by the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00118-00028717-00028989 Royal English trading company the last
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00119-00028989-00029199 Stuart governor the Duke of Albemarle
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00120-00029200-00029355 who was more interested in treasure
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00121-00029356-00029529 hunting than implanting turned the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00122-00029530-00029811 planter oligarchy out of office after
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00123-00029812-00030093 the Dukes death in 1688 the planters who
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00124-00030094-00030308 had fled Jamaica to London succeeded in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00125-00030310-00030480 lobbying James the second to order a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00126-00030481-00030683 return to the pre Albemarle political
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00127-00030685-00030843 arrangement and the revolution that
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00128-00030844-00031008 brought William the third and Mary to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00129-00031008-00031269 the throne in 1689 confirmed the local
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00130-00031270-00031458 control of Jamaican planters belonging
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00131-00031458-00031725 to the assembly this settlement also
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00132-00031726-00031899 improved the supply of slaves and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00133-00031900-00032102 resulted in more protection including
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00134-00032104-00032274 military support for the planters
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00135-00032275-00032538 against foreign competition this was of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00136-00032539-00032697 particular importance during the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00137-00032698-00032892 anglo-french war in the Caribbean from
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00138-00032893-00033342 1689 to 1713 however even though the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00139-00033343-00033516 Spaniards no longer threatened Jamaica
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00140-00033517-00033723 the early English settlers had to ward
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00141-00033724-00034053 off attacks from the French in 1690 for
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00142-00034054-00034305 Gen Baptist Ducasse led a force of three
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00143-00034306-00034554 warships and 29 transport ships that
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00144-00034555-00034770 landed at Port Marant in eastern Jamaica
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00145-00034771-00034974 where they burnt plantations destroyed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00146-00034975-00035208 over 50 sugar works kidnapped hundreds
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00147-00035209-00035406 of slaves and killed and tortured many
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00148-00035407-00035715 white colonists Ducasse then sailed down
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00149-00035716-00035922 the southern coast eventually landing at
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00150-00035923-00036129 Carlisle Bay with the object of marching
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00151-00036130-00036414 on to Spanish town however a militia
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00152-00036415-00036594 company of planters and their slaves
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00153-00036595-00036801 defeated Ducasse who then destroyed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00154-00036802-00037023 Carlisle Bay and withdrew to st. doming
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00155-00037024-00037230 the sugar monoculture and slave worked
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00156-00037231-00037464 plantation society spread across Jamaica
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00157-00037465-00037892 throughout the 18th century
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00158-00037893-00038350 topic maroons
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00159-00038351-00038626 when the British captured Jamaica in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00160-00038627-00038918 1655 the Spanish colonists fled leaving
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00161-00038919-00039215 a large number of African slaves these
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00162-00039216-00039431 former Spanish slaves created three
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00163-00039432-00039701 palenque's or settlements former slaves
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00164-00039702-00039917 organized under the leadership of Wanda
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00165-00039918-00040118 saris allied with the Spanish guerrillas
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00166-00040119-00040256 on the western end of the cockpit
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00167-00040257-00040472 country while those under Wanda Bullis
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00168-00040473-00040646 established themselves in modern-day
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00169-00040647-00040886 Clarendon Parish Jamaica and served as a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00170-00040887-00041207 black militia for the English the third
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00171-00041208-00041393 chose to join those who had previously
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00172-00041394-00041573 escaped from the Spanish to live in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00173-00041574-00041822 intermarry with the Arawak people each
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00174-00041823-00042047 group of Jamaican Maroons established
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00175-00042048-00042248 distinct independent communities in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00176-00042249-00042497 mountainous interior of Jamaica they
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00177-00042498-00042698 survived by subsistence farming and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00178-00042699-00042977 periodic raids of plantations over time
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00179-00042978-00043208 the Maroons came to control large areas
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00180-00043209-00043388 of the Jamaican interior throughout the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00181-00043389-00043598 17th century and in the first few
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00182-00043599-00043820 decades of the 18th century the Maroons
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00183-00043821-00044012 took a heavy toll on the British troops
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00184-00044013-00044288 the English colonial authorities sent
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00185-00044289-00044501 local militia and English army units
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00186-00044502-00044624 against them but the Maroons
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00187-00044625-00044783 successfully fought a guerrilla campaign
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00188-00044784-00044948 against them in the mountainous interior
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00189-00044949-00045158 and forced the British government to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00190-00045159-00045350 seek peace terms to end the expensive
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00191-00045351-00045647 conflict in the second half of the 17th
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00192-00045648-00045848 century de Sera's fought regular
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00193-00045849-00046028 campaigns against the English forces
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00194-00046029-00046247 even attacking the capital of Spanish
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00195-00046248-00046424 town and he was never defeated by the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00196-00046425-00046618 English in the early 18th century
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00197-00046619-00046841 english-speaking escaped akan slaves
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00198-00046842-00046997 were at the forefront of the maroon
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00199-00046998-00047143 fighting against the British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00200-00047144-00047423 Kujo led the leeward Maroons in Western
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00201-00047424-00047666 Jamaica while qu AO and Queen Annie were
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00202-00047667-00047840 the leaders of the Windward Maroons in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00203-00047841-00048011 the Blue Mountains of eastern Jamaica
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00204-00048012-00048305 the rebellion finally ended however with
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00205-00048306-00048548 the signing of peace agreements in 1739
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00206-00048549-00048958 and 1740
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00207-00048959-00049536 topic Jamaica's pirate economy
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00208-00049537-00049779 Spanish resistance continued for some
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00209-00049780-00050004 years after the English conquest in some
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00210-00050005-00050151 cases with the help of the Jamaican
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00211-00050152-00050376 Maroons but Spain never succeeded in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00212-00050377-00050595 retaking the island the English
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00213-00050596-00050793 established their main coastal town at
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00214-00050794-00051087 Port Royal under early English rule
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00215-00051088-00051317 Jamaica became a haven of privateers
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00216-00051319-00051525 Buccaneers and occasionally outright
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00217-00051526-00051594 pirates
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00218-00051595-00051810 Christopher Ming's Edward Mansfeld and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00219-00051811-00052139 most famously Henry Morgan in addition
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00220-00052140-00052304 to being unable to retake their land
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00221-00052305-00052503 Spain was no longer able to provide
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00222-00052504-00052665 their colonies in the new world with
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00223-00052666-00052878 manufactured goods on a regular basis
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00224-00052879-00053166 the progressive irregularity of annual
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00225-00053166-00053334 Spanish fleets combined with an
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00226-00053335-00053555 increasing desperation by colonies for
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00227-00053557-00053784 manufactured goods allowed Port Royal to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00228-00053785-00054057 flourish and by 1659 two hundred houses
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00229-00054058-00054335 shops and warehouses surrounded the fort
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00230-00054336-00054561 merchants and privateers worked together
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00231-00054562-00054801 in what is now referred to as forced
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00232-00054802-00055055 trade merchants would sponsor trading
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00233-00055057-00055203 endeavors with the Spanish while
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00234-00055204-00055422 sponsoring privateers to attack Spanish
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00235-00055423-00055628 ships and robbed Spanish coastal towns
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00236-00055629-00055884 while the merchants most certainly had
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00237-00055885-00056073 the upper hand the privateers were an
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00238-00056074-00056349 integral part of the operation Nuala's
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00239-00056350-00056571 idea a lecturer at the University of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00240-00056572-00056801 Edinburgh wrote both opponents and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00241-00056802-00057026 advocates of so-called forced trade
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00242-00057027-00057234 declared the town's fortune had the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00243-00057235-00057441 dubious distinction of being founded
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00244-00057441-00057617 entirely on the servicing of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00245-00057619-00057801 privateers needs and highly lucrative
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00246-00057802-00058185 trade in prized commodities she added a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00247-00058186-00058466 report that the 300 men who accompanied
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00248-00058467-00058785 Henry Morgan to Portobello in 1668
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00249-00058786-00059013 returned to the town with a prize to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00250-00059014-00059253 spend of at least sixty pounds each two
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00251-00059254-00059478 or three times the usual annual
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00252-00059479-00059715 plantation wage leaves little doubt that
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00253-00059716-00059925 they were right the forced trade became
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00254-00059926-00060179 almost a way of life in Port Royal
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00255-00060179-00060624 Michael parson and David buss irat wrote
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00256-00060625-00060871 not one way or the other nearly all the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00257-00060872-00061056 propertied inhabitants of Port Royal
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00258-00061057-00061251 seem to have an interest in privateering
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00259-00061252-00061515 forced trade was rapidly making Port
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00260-00061516-00061696 Royal one of the wealthiest communities
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00261-00061697-00061938 in the English territories of North
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00262-00061939-00062215 America far surpassing any profit made
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00263-00062216-00062529 from the production of sugarcane Sahadi
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00264-00062530-00062859 I wrote the Portobello raid in 1668
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00265-00062860-00063072 alone produced plunder worth seventy
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00266-00063073-00063271 five thousand pounds more than seven
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00267-00063272-00063459 times the annual value of the island
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00268-00063460-00063709 sugar exports which at Port Royal prices
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00269-00063710-00063897 did not exceed ten thousand pounds at
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00270-00063898-00064213 this time
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00271-00064214-00064588 topic the 1692 earthquake and the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00272-00064589-00065017 collapse of Port Royal
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00273-00065019-00065360 on the 7th of June 1692 a violent
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00274-00065361-00065666 earthquake struck Port Royal 2/3 of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00275-00065667-00065882 town sank into the sea immediately after
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00276-00065883-00065974 the main shock
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00277-00065975-00066209 according to Robert Rennie in his and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00278-00066210-00066482 history of Jamaica 1807 all the wharves
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00279-00066483-00066689 sunk at once and in the space of two
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00280-00066690-00066863 minutes nine-tenths of the city were
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00281-00066864-00067046 covered with water which was raised to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00282-00067047-00067169 such a height that it entered the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00283-00067170-00067364 uppermost rooms of the few houses which
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00284-00067365-00067601 were left standing the tops of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00285-00067602-00067793 highest houses were visible in the water
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00286-00067794-00068003 and surrounded by the masts of vessels
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00287-00068004-00068218 which had been sunk along with them
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00288-00068219-00068519 before the earthquake the town consisted
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00289-00068520-00068882 of 6,500 inhabitants living in about two
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00290-00068883-00069113 thousand buildings many constructed of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00291-00069114-00069326 brick and with more than one story and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00292-00069327-00069602 all built on loose sand during the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00293-00069603-00069815 shaking the sand liquefied and the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00294-00069816-00069995 buildings along with their occupants
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00295-00069996-00070217 appeared to flow into the sea in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00296-00070218-00070436 immediate aftermath of the earthquake it
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00297-00070437-00070646 was common to ascribe the destruction to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00298-00070647-00070895 divine retribution on the people of Port
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00299-00070896-00071189 Royal for their sinful ways members of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00300-00071190-00071474 the Jamaica council declared we are
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00301-00071475-00071636 become by this an instance of God
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00302-00071637-00071867 Almighty severe judgment this view of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00303-00071868-00072116 the disaster was not confined to Jamaica
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00304-00072117-00072227 in Boston
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00305-00072228-00072419 the Reverend Cotton Mather said in a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00306-00072420-00072761 letter to his uncle the hold an accident
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00307-00072762-00072961 speaking to all our English America
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00308-00072962-00073205 after the earthquake the town was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00309-00073206-00073454 partially rebuilt but the colonial
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00310-00073455-00073673 government was relocated to Spanish town
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00311-00073674-00073856 which had been the capital under Spanish
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00312-00073857-00074186 rule Port Royal was devastated by a fire
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00313-00074187-00074530 in 1703 in a hurricane in 1722
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00314-00074531-00074777 most of the sea trade moved to Kingston
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00315-00074778-00075083 by the late 18th century Port Royal was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00316-00075084-00075528 largely abandoned
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00317-00075529-00075980 pick 18th century
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00318-00075981-00076494 topic Jamaica's sugar boom
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00319-00076495-00076791 in the mid 17th century sugar cane had
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00320-00076792-00076923 been brought into the British West
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00321-00076924-00077205 Indies by the Dutch from Brazil upon
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00322-00077206-00077403 landing in Jamaica and other islands
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00323-00077404-00077601 they quickly urged local growers to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00324-00077602-00077775 change their main crops from cotton and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00325-00077776-00078039 tobacco to sugarcane with depressed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00326-00078040-00078258 prices of cotton and tobacco due mainly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00327-00078259-00078441 to stiff competition from the North
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00328-00078442-00078639 American colonies the farmers switched
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00329-00078640-00078813 leading to a boom in the Caribbean
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00330-00078814-00079104 economies sugar was quickly snapped up
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00331-00079105-00079299 by the British who used it in cakes and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00332-00079300-00079572 to sweeten teas in the 18th century
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00333-00079573-00079851 sugar replaced piracy as Jamaica's main
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00334-00079852-00080133 source of income the sugar industry was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00335-00080134-00080319 labor-intensive and the English brought
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00336-00080320-00080478 hundreds of thousands of enslaved
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00337-00080479-00080796 Africans to Jamaica by 1832 the median
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00338-00080797-00081009 sized plantation in Jamaica had about
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00339-00081010-00081297 150 slaves and nearly one of every four
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00340-00081298-00081483 bondsman lived on units that had at
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00341-00081484-00081828 least 250 slaves after slavery was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00342-00081829-00082101 abolished in the 1830s sugar plantations
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00343-00082102-00082281 used a variety of forms of labour
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00344-00082282-00082470 including workers imported from India
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00345-00082471-00082893 under contracts of indenture
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00346-00082894-00083403 topic first maroon war
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00347-00083404-00083689 starting in the late 17th century there
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00348-00083690-00083881 were periodic skirmishes between the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00349-00083882-00084019 British and the Windward Maroons
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00350-00084020-00084333 alongside occasional slave revolts in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00351-00084334-00084637 1673 one such revolt in st. Anne's
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00352-00084638-00084865 parish of 200 slaves created the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00353-00084866-00085135 separate group of leeward Maroons these
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00354-00085136-00085306 Maroons United with a group of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00355-00085307-00085486 Madagascar's who had survived the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00356-00085487-00085669 shipwreck of a slave ship and formed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00357-00085670-00085831 their own maroon community in st.
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00358-00085832-00086119 George's Parish several more rebellions
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00359-00086120-00086287 strengthened the numbers of this leeward
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00360-00086288-00086599 group notably in 1690 a revolt at
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00361-00086600-00086800 Sutton's plantation Clarendon of four
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00362-00086801-00086998 hundred slaves considerably strengthened
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00363-00086999-00087097 the leeward Maroons
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00364-00087098-00087460 in September 1728 the British sent more
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00365-00087461-00087646 troops to Jamaica changing the balance
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00366-00087647-00087949 of power with the Windward Maroons the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00367-00087950-00088279 leeward Maroons inhabited cockpits caves
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00368-00088280-00088471 or deep ravines that were easily
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00369-00088472-00088654 defended even against troops with
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00370-00088655-00088921 superior firepower such guerrilla
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00371-00088922-00089131 warfare and the use of scouts who blew
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00372-00089132-00089338 the ax bang the cow horn which was used
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00373-00089339-00089476 as a trumpet to warn of approaching
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00374-00089477-00089707 British soldiers allowed the Maroons to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00375-00089708-00089917 evade fort frustrate and defeat the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00376-00089918-00090316 forces of an empire in 1739 240 the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00377-00090317-00090523 British government in Jamaica recognized
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00378-00090524-00090718 that it could not defeat the Maroons so
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00379-00090719-00090850 they came to an agreement with them
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00380-00090851-00090892 instead
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00381-00090893-00091147 the Maroons were to remain in their five
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00382-00091148-00091312 main towns a compound
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00383-00091313-00091561 cujo's town Trelawney Town nanny town
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00384-00091562-00091816 later known as Moore town scots hall and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00385-00091817-00091972 Charlestown living under their own
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00386-00091973-00092203 rulers and a British supervisor known as
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00387-00092204-00092470 a superintendent in exchange they were
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00388-00092471-00092671 asked to agree not to harbor new runaway
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00389-00092672-00092866 slaves but rather to help catch them
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00390-00092867-00093160 this last clause in the treaty naturally
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00391-00093161-00093352 caused a split between the Maroons and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00392-00093353-00093460 the rest of the black population
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00393-00093461-00093682 although from time to time Runaways from
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00394-00093683-00093868 the plantations still found their way
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00395-00093869-00094099 into maroon settlements another
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00396-00094100-00094267 provision of the agreement was that the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00397-00094268-00094417 Maroons would serve to protect the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00398-00094418-00094675 island from invaders the latter was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00399-00094676-00094837 because the Maroons were revered by the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00400-00094838-00095152 British as skilled warriors in 1739 the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00401-00095153-00095356 British led by Governor Edward Trelawney
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00402-00095357-00095554 sued for peace with the leeward maroon
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00403-00095555-00095596 leader
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00404-00095597-00095845 Kujo described by British planters as a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00405-00095846-00096049 short almost dwarf like man who for
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00406-00096050-00096235 years fought skillfully and bravely to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00407-00096236-00096499 maintain his people's independence some
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00408-00096500-00096637 writers maintained that during
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00409-00096638-00096820 the conflict Kujo became increasingly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00410-00096821-00097015 disillusioned and corraled with his
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00411-00097016-00097197 lieutenants and with other maroon groups
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00412-00097198-00097441 he felt that the only hope for the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00413-00097442-00097645 future was a peace treaty with the enemy
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00414-00097646-00097831 which recognized the independence of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00415-00097832-00098041 leeward Maroons a year later the even
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00416-00098042-00098230 more rebellious windward Maroons of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00417-00098231-00098404 Blue Mountains also agreed to sign a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00418-00098405-00098578 treaty under pressure from both white
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00419-00098579-00098766 Jamaicans and the leeward Maroons
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00420-00098767-00099100 following the peace treaties of 1739 to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00421-00099101-00099334 1740 virgin land was opened up to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00422-00099335-00099520 settlement and Jamaica's economy
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00423-00099521-00099694 flourished in the period of peace that
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00424-00099695-00100051 followed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00425-00100052-00100475 topic tackies revolt
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00426-00100476-00100706 the colonies slaves who outnumbered
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00427-00100707-00100925 their white masters by a ratio of twenty
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00428-00100926-00101168 to one in 1800 founded over a dozen
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00429-00101169-00101415 major slave conspiracies the majority of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00430-00101416-00101612 which were organized by quorum anton's
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00431-00101613-00101796 and uprisings during the 18th century
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00432-00101797-00102160 including tackies revolt in may 1760 in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00433-00102161-00102474 that revolt tacky a slave overseer on
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00434-00102475-00102677 the frontier plantation in st. Mary
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00435-00102678-00102911 Parish led a group of enslaved Africans
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00436-00102913-00103101 in taking over the frontier and Trinity
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00437-00103102-00103235 plantations while killing their
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00438-00103236-00103466 enslavers they then marched to the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00439-00103467-00103647 storeroom at fort Haldane where the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00440-00103648-00103821 munitions to defend the town of Port
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00441-00103822-00104060 Maria were capped after killing the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00442-00104061-00104264 storekeeper tacky and his men stole
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00443-00104265-00104504 nearly four barrels of gunpowder and 40
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00444-00104505-00104714 firearms with shot before marching on to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00445-00104715-00104922 overrun the plantations at Heywood hall
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00446-00104923-00105116 and Essure by dawn hundreds of other
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00447-00105117-00105290 slaves had joined tacky and his
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00448-00105291-00105588 followers at Ballard's Valley the rebels
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00449-00105589-00105849 stopped to rejoice in their success one
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00450-00105850-00106061 slave from asure decided to slip away
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00451-00106063-00106178 and sound the alarm
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00452-00106179-00106488 ob man Caribbean witch doctors quickly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00453-00106489-00106698 circulated around the camp dispensing a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00454-00106699-00106845 powder that they claimed would protect
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00455-00106846-00107033 the men from injury in battle and loudly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00456-00107034-00107223 proclaimed that a nobieman could not be
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00457-00107224-00107493 killed confidence was high soon there
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00458-00107494-00107702 were 70 to 80 mounted militia on their
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00459-00107703-00107879 way along with some Maroons from Scott's
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00460-00107880-00108045 Hall who were bound by treaty to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00461-00108046-00108282 suppress such rebellions when the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00462-00108283-00108452 militia learned of the AU Beeman's boast
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00463-00108453-00108618 of not being able to be killed a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00464-00108619-00108819 nobieman was captured killed and hung
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00465-00108820-00108999 with his mask ornaments of teeth and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00466-00109000-00109136 bone and feather trimmings at a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00467-00109138-00109296 prominent place visible from the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00468-00109297-00109565 encampment of rebels many of the rebels
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00469-00109566-00109751 confidence shaken returned to their
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00470-00109752-00110084 plantations tacky and 25 or so men
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00471-00110085-00110285 decided to fight in tacky and his men
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00472-00110286-00110426 went running through the woods being
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00473-00110427-00110571 chased by the Maroons and their
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00474-00110572-00110868 legendary marksman Davy the maroon while
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00475-00110869-00110984 running at full speed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00476-00110985-00111188 Davy shot tacky and cut off his head as
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00477-00111189-00111362 evidence of his feat for which he would
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00478-00111363-00111624 be richly rewarded tackies head was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00479-00111625-00111822 later displayed on a pole in Spanish
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00480-00111823-00112016 town until a follower took it down in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00481-00112017-00112233 the middle of the night the rest of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00482-00112233-00112425 tackies men were found in a cave near
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00483-00112426-00112637 tacky Falls having committed suicide
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00484-00112638-00113171 rather than going back to slavery
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00485-00113172-00113776 topic runaway slaves in the 18th century
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00486-00113777-00114109 in the 1750s a runaway slave named Ann
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00487-00114110-00114293 coma formed a community made up of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00488-00114294-00114472 escaped slaves in what is now known as
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00489-00114473-00114881 st. Thomas parish Jamaica in 1759 an
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00490-00114882-00115087 coma was eventually killed by a maroon
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00491-00115088-00115264 woman and another woman both his
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00492-00115265-00115336 captives
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00493-00115337-00115595 however his community continued to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00494-00115596-00115810 thrive and probably formed the basis of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00495-00115811-00116033 the community of jak man song later that
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00496-00116033-00116278 century jack man song also known as
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00497-00116279-00116515 three finger Jack Jamaica was an escaped
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00498-00116516-00116710 slave who formed a community of Runaways
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00499-00116711-00116971 in eastern Jamaica in the 1770s and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00500-00116972-00117073 1780s
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00501-00117074-00117320 the runaway community thrived in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00502-00117321-00117514 same parish of Saint Thomas in the east
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00503-00117515-00117661 where they often attacked sugar
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00504-00117662-00117883 plantations and enabled other slaves to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00505-00117884-00118159 escape they also attacked white travels
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00506-00118160-00118498 on the roads in 1781 Jack was killed by
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00507-00118499-00118615 a party of Maroons
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00508-00118616-00118793 however Jack's runaway community
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00509-00118794-00118948 continued to thrive under his deputies
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00510-00118949-00119320 in 1792 dagger was captured by the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00511-00119321-00119539 Jamaican militia but Tony then took over
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00512-00119540-00119725 as leader of the community of runaway
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00513-00119726-00119923 slaves in st. Thomas and they were never
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00514-00119924-00120328 apprehended or dispersed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00515-00120329-00120849 topic ii maroon war
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00516-00120850-00121176 in 1795 the second maroon war was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00517-00121177-00121377 instigated when two maroons were flogged
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00518-00121378-00121572 by a black slave for allegedly stealing
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00519-00121573-00121899 two pigs when six maroon leaders came to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00520-00121900-00122067 the British to present their grievances
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00521-00122068-00122325 the British took them as prisoners this
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00522-00122326-00122523 sparked an eight-month conflict spurred
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00523-00122524-00122706 by the fact that Maroons felt that they
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00524-00122707-00122880 were being mistreated under the terms of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00525-00122881-00123150 cujo's Treaty of 1739 which ended the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00526-00123151-00123399 first maroon war the war lasted for five
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00527-00123400-00123663 months as a bloody stalemate the British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00528-00123664-00123840 5,000 troops in militia
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00529-00123841-00124053 outnumbered the Maroons ten to one but
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00530-00124054-00124251 the mountainous and forested topography
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00531-00124252-00124440 of Jamaica proved ideal for guerrilla
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00532-00124441-00124497 warfare
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00533-00124498-00124863 the Maroons surrendered in December 1795
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00534-00124864-00125064 the treaty signed in December between
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00535-00125065-00125265 Major General George Walpole and the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00536-00125266-00125439 maroon leaders established that the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00537-00125440-00125607 Maroons would beg on their knees for the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00538-00125608-00125796 Kings forgiveness return all runaway
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00539-00125797-00126003 slaves and be relocated elsewhere in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00540-00126004-00126294 Jamaica the Governor of Jamaica ratified
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00541-00126295-00126485 the treaty but gave the Maroons only
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00542-00126486-00126672 three days to present themselves to beg
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00543-00126673-00127022 forgiveness on the 1st of January 1796
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00544-00127023-00127251 suspicious of British intentions
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00545-00127252-00127409 most of the Maroons did not surrender
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00546-00127410-00127692 until mid-march the British used the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00547-00127693-00127917 contrived breach of treaty as a pretext
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00548-00127918-00128097 to deport the entire Trelawny town
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00549-00128098-00128403 Maroons to Nova Scotia after a few years
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00550-00128404-00128595 the Maroons were again deported to the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00551-00128596-00128781 new British settlement of Sierra Leone
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00552-00128782-00129156 in West Africa
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00553-00129157-00129688 topic nineteenth-century
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00554-00129689-00130190 topic slave resistance
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00555-00130191-00130448 hundreds of runaway slaves secured their
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00556-00130449-00130613 freedom by escaping and fighting
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00557-00130614-00130816 alongside the Maroons of Trelawny town
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00558-00130817-00131087 about half of these Runaways surrendered
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00559-00131088-00131300 with the Maroons and many were executed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00560-00131301-00131621 or resold in slavery to Cuba however a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00561-00131622-00131819 few hundred stayed out in the forests of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00562-00131820-00131981 the cockpit country and they joined
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00563-00131982-00132320 other runaway communities in 1798 a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00564-00132321-00132578 slave named Kofi Jamaica ran away from a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00565-00132579-00132776 Western estate and established a runaway
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00566-00132777-00132947 community which was able to resist
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00567-00132948-00133157 attempts by the colonial forces and the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00568-00133158-00133349 Maroons remaining in Jamaica to subdue
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00569-00133350-00133640 them in the early 19th century colonial
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00570-00133641-00133853 records describe hundreds of runaway
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00571-00133854-00134156 slaves escaping to health Shire where
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00572-00134157-00134327 they flourished for several years before
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00573-00134328-00134859 they were captured by a party of Maroons
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00574-00134860-00135283 topic the Baptist war
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00575-00135284-00135646 in 1831 enslaved Baptist preacher Samuel
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00576-00135647-00135838 sharp led a strike among demanding more
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00577-00135839-00136060 freedom and a working wage of half the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00578-00136061-00136351 going wage rate upon refusal of their
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00579-00136352-00136573 demands the strike escalated into a full
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00580-00136574-00136839 rebellion the Baptist war as it was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00581-00136840-00137076 known became the largest slave uprising
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00582-00137077-00137277 in the British West Indies lasting ten
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00583-00137278-00137548 days and mobilized as many as 60,000 of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00584-00137549-00137899 Jamaica's 300,000 slave population the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00585-00137900-00138076 rebellion was suppressed with relative
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00586-00138077-00138295 ease by British forces under the control
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00587-00138296-00138559 of Sir Willoughby cotton the reaction of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00588-00138560-00138765 the Jamaican government and planta cracy
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00589-00138766-00139104 was far more brutal approximately 500
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00590-00139105-00139372 slaves were killed in total 207 during
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00591-00139373-00139527 the revolt and somewhere in the range
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00592-00139528-00139849 between 310 and 340 slaves were killed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00593-00139850-00140083 through various forms of judicial
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00594-00140084-00140356 executions after the rebellion was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00595-00140357-00140551 concluded at times for quite minor
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00596-00140552-00140766 offenses one recorded execution
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00597-00140767-00140956 indicates the crime being the theft of a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00598-00140957-00141334 pig another a cow in 1853 account by
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00599-00141335-00141568 Henry Blaby described how three or four
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00600-00141569-00141789 simultaneous executions were commonly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00601-00141790-00141990 observed bodies would be allowed to pile
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00602-00141991-00142191 up until workhouse Negroes carted the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00603-00142192-00142363 bodies away at night and bury them in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00604-00142364-00142675 mass graves outside town the brutality
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00605-00142676-00142846 of the plant ah cracy during the revolt
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00606-00142847-00143008 has thought to have accelerated the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00607-00143009-00143221 process of emancipation with initial
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00608-00143222-00143735 measures beginning in 1833
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00609-00143736-00144205 topic the road to emancipation
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00610-00144206-00144442 because of the loss of property and life
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00611-00144443-00144721 in the 1831 baptist war rebellion the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00612-00144722-00144901 British Parliament held two enquiries
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00613-00144902-00145192 their reports on conditions contributed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00614-00145193-00145378 greatly to the abolition movement and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00615-00145379-00145642 passage of the 1833 law to abolish
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00616-00145643-00145897 slavery as of the 1st of August 1834
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00617-00145898-00146146 throughout the British Empire the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00618-00146147-00146377 Jamaican slaves were bound indentured to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00619-00146378-00146566 their former owners service albeit with
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00620-00146567-00146827 a guarantee of rights until 1838 under
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00621-00146828-00146956 what was called the apprenticeship
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00622-00146957-00147241 system
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00623-00147242-00147633 topic the impact of emancipation
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00624-00147634-00147799 you
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00625-00147800-00148018 early historians believed that with the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00626-00148019-00148273 abolition of the slave trade in 1808 and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00627-00148274-00148606 slavery itself in 1834 the island sugar
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00628-00148607-00148912 and slave based economy faltered however
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00629-00148913-00149140 eric williams presented evidence to show
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00630-00149141-00149311 that the british only abolished first
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00631-00149312-00149527 the slave trade and then slavery itself
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00632-00149528-00149695 when they were no longer economically
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00633-00149696-00149911 viable institutions the period after
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00634-00149912-00150196 emancipation in 1834 initially was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00635-00150197-00150391 marked by a conflict between the planta
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00636-00150392-00150559 cracy and elements in the Colonial
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00637-00150560-00150712 Office over the extent to which
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00638-00150713-00150889 individual freedom should be coupled
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00639-00150890-00151078 with political participation for blacks
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00640-00151079-00151423 in 1840 the Assembly changed the voting
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00641-00151424-00151630 qualifications in a way that enabled a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00642-00151631-00151834 majority of blacks and people of mixed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00643-00151835-00152122 race browns or mulatos to vote but
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00644-00152123-00152287 neither change in the political system
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00645-00152288-00152524 nor abolition of slavery changed the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00646-00152525-00152716 planters chief interest which lay in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00647-00152717-00152923 continued profitability of their estates
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00648-00152924-00153082 and they continued to dominate the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00649-00153083-00153316 elitist assembly nevertheless
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00650-00153317-00153538 at the end of the 18th century and in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00651-00153539-00153757 the early years of the 19th century the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00652-00153758-00153936 crown began to allow some Jamaicans
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00653-00153937-00154156 mostly local merchants urban
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00654-00154157-00154390 professionals and artisans into the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00655-00154391-00154747 appointed councils
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00656-00154748-00155273 topic the Marant Bay rebellion
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00657-00155274-00155607 tensions resulted in the October 1865
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00658-00155608-00155855 Marant Bay rebellion led by Paul Bogle
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00659-00155856-00156132 the rebellion was sparked on the 7th of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00660-00156133-00156333 October when a black man was put on
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00661-00156334-00156501 trial and imprisoned for allegedly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00662-00156502-00156678 trespassing on a long abandoned
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00663-00156679-00156957 plantation during the proceedings James
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00664-00156958-00157224 G again a black spectator disrupted the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00665-00157225-00157419 trial and in the police's attempts to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00666-00157420-00157551 seize him and remove him from the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00667-00157552-00157746 courthouse a fight broke out between the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00668-00157747-00157980 police and other spectators while
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00669-00157981-00158211 pursuing G again the two policemen were
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00670-00158212-00158367 beaten with sticks and stones
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00671-00158368-00158625 the following Monday arrest warrants
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00672-00158626-00158817 were issued for several men for rioting
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00673-00158818-00159003 resisting arrest and assaulting the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00674-00159004-00159261 police among them was Baptist preacher
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00675-00159262-00159612 Paul Bogle a few days later on the 11th
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00676-00159613-00159849 of October mr. Paul Bogle marched with a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00677-00159850-00160134 group of protesters to Marant Bay when
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00678-00160135-00160308 the group arrived at the courthouse they
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00679-00160309-00160460 were met by a small and inexperienced
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00680-00160461-00160746 volunteer militia the crowd began
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00681-00160747-00160920 pelting the militia with rocks and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00682-00160921-00161103 sticks and the militia opened fire on
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00683-00161104-00161340 the group killing seven black protesters
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00684-00161341-00161548 before retreating
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00685-00161549-00161782 Governor John dere sent government
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00686-00161783-00162022 troops under brigadier general Alexander
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00687-00162023-00162202 Nelson to hunt down the poorly armed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00688-00162203-00162388 rebels and bring Paul Bogle back to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00689-00162389-00162666 Marant Bay for trial the troops met with
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00690-00162667-00162874 no organized resistance but regardless
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00691-00162875-00163096 they killed blacks indiscriminately most
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00692-00163097-00163258 of whom had not been involved in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00693-00163259-00163441 riot or rebellion according to one
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00694-00163442-00163723 soldier we slaughtered all before us man
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00695-00163724-00164152 or woman or child in the end 439 black
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00696-00164153-00164326 Jamaicans were killed directly by
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00697-00164327-00164638 soldiers and 354 more including Paul
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00698-00164639-00164869 Bogle were arrested and later executed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00699-00164870-00165166 some without proper trials Paul Bogle
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00700-00165167-00165394 was executed either the same evening he
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00701-00165395-00165652 was tried or the next morning other
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00702-00165653-00165874 punishments included flogging for over
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00703-00165875-00166084 600 men and women including some
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00704-00166085-00166297 pregnant women and long prison sentences
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00705-00166298-00166479 with thousands of homes belonging to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00706-00166480-00166648 black Jamaicans were burned down without
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00707-00166649-00166972 any justifiable reason George William
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00708-00166973-00167173 Gordon a Jamaican businessman and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00709-00167174-00167353 politician who had been critical of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00710-00167354-00167569 Governor John Eyre and his policies was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00711-00167570-00167785 later arrested by Governor John Eyre who
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00712-00167786-00167914 believed he had been behind the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00713-00167915-00168184 rebellion despite having very little to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00714-00168185-00168229 do with it
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00715-00168230-00168508 Gordon was eventually executed though he
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00716-00168509-00168670 was arrested in Kingston he was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00717-00168671-00168877 transferred by air to Marant Bay where
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00718-00168878-00169126 he could be tried under martial law the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00719-00169127-00169329 execution and trial of Gordon via
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00720-00169330-00169519 martial law raised some constitutional
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00721-00169520-00169741 issues back in Britain where concerns
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00722-00169742-00169882 emerged about whether British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00723-00169883-00170059 dependencies should be ruled under the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00724-00170060-00170236 government of law or through military
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00725-00170237-00170515 license the speedy trial saw Gordon
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00726-00170516-00170764 hanged on the 23rd of October just two
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00727-00170765-00171046 days after his trial had begun he and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00728-00171047-00171279 William Bogle Paul's brother were both
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00729-00171280-00171529 tried together and executed at the same
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00730-00171530-00171865 time
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00731-00171866-00172410 topic decline of sugar industry
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00732-00172411-00172656 during most of the 18th century a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00733-00172657-00172857 monocrop the economy based on sugar
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00734-00172858-00173129 production for export flourished in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00735-00173130-00173354 last quarter of the century however the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00736-00173355-00173562 Jamaican sugar economy declined as
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00737-00173563-00173799 famines hurricanes colonial wars and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00738-00173800-00174093 Wars of Independence disrupted trade by
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00739-00174094-00174366 the 1820s Jamaican sugar had become less
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00740-00174367-00174531 competitive with that from high-volume
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00741-00174532-00174756 producers such as Cuba and production
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00742-00174757-00175116 subsequently declined by 1882 sugar
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00743-00175117-00175284 output was less than half the level
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00744-00175285-00175632 achieved in 1828 a major reason for the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00745-00175633-00175815 decline was the British Parliament's
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00746-00175816-00176097 1807 abolition of the slave trade under
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00747-00176098-00176289 which the transportation of slaves to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00748-00176290-00176565 Jamaica after the 1st of March 1808 was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00749-00176566-00176741 forbidden the abolition of the slave
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00750-00176742-00176949 trade was followed by the abolition of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00751-00176950-00177186 slavery in 1834 and full emancipation
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00752-00177187-00177525 within four years unable to convert the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00753-00177526-00177738 ex-slaves into a sharecropping tenant
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00754-00177739-00177945 class similar to the one established in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00755-00177946-00178161 the post-civil war south of the United
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00756-00178162-00178335 States planters became increasingly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00757-00178336-00178551 dependent on wage labor and began
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00758-00178552-00178770 recruiting workers abroad primarily from
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00759-00178771-00179090 India China and Sierra Leone many of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00760-00179091-00179286 former slaves settled in peasant or
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00761-00179287-00179493 small farm communities in the interior
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00762-00179494-00179781 of the island the yam belt where they
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00763-00179782-00179970 engaged in subsistence and some cash
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00764-00179971-00180297 crop farming the second half of the 19th
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00765-00180298-00180498 century was a period of severe economic
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00766-00180499-00180807 decline for Jamaica low crop prices
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00767-00180808-00181008 droughts and disease led to serious
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00768-00181009-00181245 social unrest culminating in the Marant
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00769-00181246-00181628 Bey rebellions of 1865 however renewed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00770-00181629-00181904 British administration after the 1865
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00771-00181905-00182115 rebellion in the form of crown colony
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00772-00182116-00182315 status resulted in some social and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00773-00182316-00182538 economic progress as well as investment
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00774-00182539-00182728 in the physical infrastructure
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00775-00182729-00182913 agricultural development was the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00776-00182914-00183104 centrepiece of restored British rule in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00777-00183105-00183450 Jamaica in 1868 the first large-scale
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00778-00183451-00183815 irrigation project was launched in 1895
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00779-00183816-00184047 the Jamaica agricultural society was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00780-00184048-00184245 founded to promote more scientific and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00781-00184246-00184533 profitable methods of farming also in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00782-00184534-00184770 the 1890s the crown land settlement
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00783-00184771-00184962 scheme was introduced a land reform
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00784-00184963-00185169 program of sorts which allowed small
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00785-00185170-00185385 farmers to purchase two hectares or more
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00786-00185386-00185599 of land on favourable terms
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00787-00185600-00185986 between 1865 and 1930 the character of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00788-00185987-00186154 landholding in Jamaica changed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00789-00186155-00186349 substantially as sugar declined in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00790-00186350-00186634 importance as many former plantations
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00791-00186635-00186829 went bankrupt some land was sold to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00792-00186830-00187018 Jamaican peasants under the crown Land
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00793-00187019-00187219 Settlement whereas other cane fields
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00794-00187220-00187411 were consolidated by dominant British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00795-00187412-00187615 producers most notably by the British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00796-00187616-00187741 firm Tate & Lyle
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00797-00187742-00187984 although the concentration of land and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00798-00187985-00188194 wealth in Jamaica was not as drastic as
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00799-00188195-00188386 in the Spanish speaking Caribbean by the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00800-00188387-00188659 1920s the typical sugar plantation on
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00801-00188660-00188818 the island had increased to an average
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00802-00188819-00189250 of 266 hectares but as noted small-scale
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00803-00189251-00189457 agriculture in Jamaica survived the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00804-00189458-00189676 consolidation of land by sugar powers
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00805-00189677-00189949 the number of small holdings in fact
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00806-00189950-00190282 tripled between 1865 and 1930 thus
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00807-00190283-00190447 retaining a large portion of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00808-00190448-00190714 population as peasantry most of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00809-00190715-00190924 expansion in small holdings took place
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00810-00190925-00191209 before 1910 with farms averaging between
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00811-00191210-00191548 2 and 20 hectares the rise of the banana
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00812-00191549-00191761 trade during the second half of the 19th
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00813-00191762-00191974 century also changed production and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00814-00191975-00192232 trade patterns on the island bananas
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00815-00192233-00192538 were first exported in 1867 and banana
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00816-00192539-00192886 farming grew rapidly thereafter by 1890
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00817-00192887-00193111 bananas had replaced sugar as Jamaica's
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00818-00193112-00193423 principal export production rose from 5
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00819-00193424-00193840 million stems 32% of exports in 1897 to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00820-00193841-00194071 an average of 20 million stems a year in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00821-00194072-00194362 the 1920s and 1930s or over half of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00822-00194363-00194647 domestic exports as with sugar the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00823-00194648-00194842 presence of American companies like the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00824-00194843-00195013 well known United Fruit Company in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00825-00195014-00195193 Jamaica was a driving force behind
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00826-00195194-00195505 renewed agricultural exports the British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00827-00195506-00195721 also became more interested in Jamaican
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00828-00195722-00195942 bananas than in the country sugar
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00829-00195943-00196177 expansion of banana production however
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00830-00196178-00196423 was hampered by serious labor shortages
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00831-00196424-00196693 the rise of the banana economy took
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00832-00196694-00196897 place amidst a general exodus of up to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00833-00196898-00197431 11,000 Jamaicans a year
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00834-00197432-00197906 Jamaica as a crown colony
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00835-00197907-00198245 in 1846 Jamaican planters still reeling
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00836-00198246-00198463 from the loss of slave labor suffered a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00837-00198464-00198649 crushing blow when Britain passed the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00838-00198650-00198874 sugar duties act eliminating Jamaica's
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00839-00198875-00199063 traditionally favored status as its
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00840-00199064-00199337 primary supplier of sugar the Jamaica
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00841-00199338-00199532 House of Assembly stumbled from one
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00842-00199533-00199733 crisis to another until the collapse of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00843-00199734-00199907 the sugar trade when racial and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00844-00199908-00200099 religious tensions came to a head during
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00845-00200100-00200372 the Marant Bay rebellion of 1865
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00846-00200373-00200602 although suppressed ruthlessly the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00847-00200603-00200807 severe rioting so alarmed the planters
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00848-00200808-00200984 that the two centuries old Assembly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00849-00200985-00201178 voted to abolish itself and asked for
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00850-00201179-00201391 the establishment of direct British rule
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00851-00201392-00201778 in 1866 the new crown colony government
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00852-00201779-00202034 consisted of the Legislative Council and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00853-00202035-00202237 the executive Privy Council containing
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00854-00202238-00202424 members of both chambers of the House of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00855-00202425-00202607 Assembly but the colonial office
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00856-00202608-00202784 exercised effective power through a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00857-00202785-00203060 presiding British governor the council
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00858-00203061-00203249 included a few hand-picked prominent
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00859-00203250-00203411 Jamaicans for the sake of appearance
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00860-00203412-00203720 only in the late 19th century crown
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00861-00203721-00203972 colony rule was modified representation
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00862-00203973-00204175 and limited self-rule were reintroduced
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00863-00204176-00204521 gradually into Jamaica after 1884 the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00864-00204522-00204722 colonies legal structure was reformed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00865-00204723-00204892 along the lines of English common law
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00866-00204894-00205114 and County courts and a Constabulary
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00867-00205115-00205432 force was established the smooth working
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00868-00205433-00205646 of the crown colony system was dependent
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00869-00205646-00205846 on a good understanding and an identity
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00870-00205848-00205996 of interests between the governing
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00871-00205998-00206201 officials who were British and most of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00872-00206202-00206398 the non official nominated members of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00873-00206400-00206552 the Legislative Council who were
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00874-00206553-00206812 Jamaicans the elected members of this
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00875-00206813-00207016 body were in a permanent minority and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00876-00207017-00207221 without any influence or administrative
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00877-00207221-00207517 power the unstated alliance based on
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00878-00207519-00207728 shared color attitudes and interest
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00879-00207729-00207907 between the British officials and the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00880-00207908-00208108 Jamaican upper class was reinforced in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00881-00208109-00208282 London where the West India committee
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00882-00208283-00208571 lobbied for Jamaican interests Jamaica's
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00883-00208571-00208762 white or near white proper deed class
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00884-00208763-00208936 continued to hold the dominant position
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00885-00208937-00209173 in every respect the vast majority of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00886-00209175-00209794 the black population remained poor and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00887-00209796-00210283 topic kingston the new capital
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00888-00210284-00210625 in 1872 the government passed an act to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00889-00210626-00210838 transfer government offices from Spanish
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00890-00210839-00211108 town to Kingston Kingston had been
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00891-00211109-00211327 founded as a refuge for survivors of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00892-00211328-00211582 1692 earthquake that destroyed Port
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00893-00211583-00211834 Royal the town did not begin to grow
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00894-00211835-00212014 until after the further destruction of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00895-00212015-00212221 Port Royal by the Nick Catania pirate
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00896-00212221-00212617 fleets fire in 1703 surveyor John Goffe
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00897-00212617-00212812 drew up the plan for the town based on a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00898-00212813-00213040 grid bounded by north east west and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00899-00213041-00213400 harbor streets by 1716 it had become the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00900-00213401-00213601 largest town in the center of trade for
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00901-00213602-00213886 Jamaica the government sold land to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00902-00213887-00214044 people with the regulation that they
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00903-00214046-00214210 purchased no more than the amount of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00904-00214211-00214378 land that they owned in Port Royal and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00905-00214379-00214557 only land on the seafront
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00906-00214558-00214792 gradually wealthy merchants began to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00907-00214792-00214954 move their residences from above their
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00908-00214955-00215155 businesses to the farmlands north on the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00909-00215156-00215569 plains of Lydia Nia in 1755 the governor
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00910-00215569-00215769 Sir Charles Knowles had decided to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00911-00215771-00215944 transfer the government offices from
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00912-00215944-00216196 Spanish town to Kingston it was thought
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00913-00216196-00216421 by some to be an unsuitable location for
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00914-00216421-00216619 the assembly in proximity to the moral
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00915-00216619-00216808 distractions of Kingston and the next
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00916-00216809-00217087 governor rescinded the act however by
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00917-00217088-00217336 1780 the population of Kingston was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00918-00217337-00217555 11,000 and the merchants began lobbying
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00919-00217556-00217750 for the administrative capital to be
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00920-00217751-00217936 transferred from Spanish town which was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00921-00217937-00218110 by then eclipsed by the commercial
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00922-00218111-00218485 activity in Kingston the 1907 Kingston
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00923-00218486-00218669 earthquake destroyed much of the city
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00924-00218671-00218911 considered by many writers of that time
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00925-00218912-00219103 one of the world's deadliest earthquakes
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00926-00219104-00219325 it resulted in the death of over 800
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00927-00219326-00219498 Jamaicans and destroyed the homes of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00928-00219500-00219889 over 10,000 more
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00929-00219890-00220451 topic early twentieth century
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00930-00220452-00220937 topic marcus garvey
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00931-00220938-00221231 Marcus Mosiah Garvey a black activist
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00932-00221232-00221450 and trade unionist founded the universal
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00933-00221451-00221648 Negro Improvement Association and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00934-00221648-00221936 African communities League in 1914 one
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00935-00221937-00222140 of Jamaica's first political parties in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00936-00222141-00222425 1929 and the Workers Association in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00937-00222426-00222562 early 1930s
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00938-00222563-00222806 Garvey also promoted the back-to-africa
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00939-00222807-00222998 movement which called for those of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00940-00222998-00223157 African descent to return to the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00941-00223158-00223442 homelands of their ancestors Garvey to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00942-00223442-00223594 no avail pleaded with the colonial
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00943-00223596-00223757 government to improve living conditions
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00944-00223758-00223964 for indigenous peoples in the West
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00945-00223965-00224327 Indies Garvey a controversial figure had
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00946-00224328-00224446 been the target of a four year
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00947-00224448-00224627 investigation by the United States
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00948-00224628-00224888 government he was convicted of mail
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00949-00224889-00225173 fraud in 1923 and had served most of a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00950-00225173-00225292 five-year term in an Atlanta
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00951-00225294-00225506 penitentiary when he was deported to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00952-00225507-00225881 Jamaica in 1927 Garvey left the colony
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00953-00225882-00226109 in 1935 to live in the United Kingdom
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00954-00226110-00226342 where he died heavily in debt five years
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00955-00226344-00226613 later he was proclaimed Jamaica's first
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00956-00226614-00226913 national hero in the 1960s after Edward
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00957-00226914-00227135 PG sigue then a government minister
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00958-00227136-00227321 arranged the return of his remains to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00959-00227321-00227684 Jamaica in 1987 Jamaica petitioned the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00960-00227685-00227896 United States Congress to pardon Garvey
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00961-00227898-00228073 on the basis that the federal charges
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00962-00228075-00228254 brought against him were unsubstantiated
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00963-00228255-00228619 and unjust
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00964-00228621-00229135 topic Rastafari movement
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00965-00229136-00229378 the Rastafari movement an Abrahamic
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00966-00229379-00229603 religion was developed in Jamaica in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00967-00229604-00229858 1930s following the coronation of Haile
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00968-00229859-00230257 Selassie I as Emperor of Ethiopia Haile
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00969-00230258-00230455 Selassie I was crowned as Emperor of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00970-00230456-00230761 Ethiopia in November 1930 a significant
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00971-00230762-00230944 event in that Ethiopia was the only
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00972-00230944-00231175 African country other than Liberia to be
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00973-00231176-00231388 independent from colonialism and Haile
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00974-00231389-00231589 Selassie was the only African leader
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00975-00231590-00231784 accepted among the kings and queens of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00976-00231785-00231982 Europe over the next two years three
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00977-00231983-00232135 Jamaicans who all happened to be
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00978-00232136-00232315 overseas at the time of the coronation
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00979-00232316-00232510 each returned home and independently
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00980-00232511-00232663 began as Street Preachers
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00981-00232664-00232848 to proclaim the divinity of the newly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00982-00232850-00233008 crowned Emperor as the returned Christ
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00983-00233009-00233344 first in December 1930 Archibald Dunkley
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00984-00233344-00233560 formerly a seaman landed at Port Antonio
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00985-00233561-00233923 and soon began his ministry in 1933 he
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00986-00233923-00234109 relocated to Kingston where the King of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00987-00234110-00234151 Kings
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00988-00234152-00234421 Ethiopian mission was founded Joseph
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00989-00234421-00234694 Hobart returned from Costa Rica in 1931
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00990-00234694-00234910 and started spreading his own conviction
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00991-00234911-00235078 of the Emperor's divinity in been OA
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00992-00235079-00235294 district Saint Andrew Parish through his
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00993-00235294-00235521 own ministry called Ethiopian Coptic
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00994-00235523-00235726 faith he too moved to Kingston the next
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00995-00235727-00235909 year to find Leonard Howell already
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00996-00235910-00236089 teaching many of these same doctrines
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00997-00236090-00236269 having returned to Jamaica around the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00998-00236269-00236523 same time with the addition of Robert
+hTkX_2IzVGc-00999-00236525-00236746 Hinds himself a Garvey ight and former
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01000-00236746-00236917 bed warred ight these four preachers
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01001-00236917-00237094 soon began to attract a following among
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01002-00237094-00237439 Jamaica spoor
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01003-00237440-00237696 topic the Great Depression and worker
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01004-00237698-00238069 protests
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01005-00238069-00238308 the Great Depression caused sugar prices
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01006-00238309-00238594 to slump in 1929 and led to the return
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01007-00238594-00238875 of many Jamaicans economic stagnation
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01008-00238876-00239116 discontent with unemployment low wages
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01009-00239117-00239307 high prices and poor living conditions
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01010-00239308-00239646 caused social unrest in the 1930s
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01011-00239646-00239907 uprisings in Jamaica began on the from'
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01012-00239908-00240108 sugar estate in the Western parish of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01013-00240109-00240306 Westmoreland and quickly spread east to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01014-00240307-00240621 Kingston Jamaica in particular set the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01015-00240623-00240805 pace for the region in its demands for
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01016-00240806-00240969 economic development from British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01017-00240971-00241294 colonial rule because of disturbances in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01018-00241294-00241482 Jamaica and the rest of the region the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01019-00241483-00241707 British in 1938 appointed the moines
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01020-00241708-00241951 Commission an immediate result of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01021-00241952-00242148 Commission was the colonial development
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01022-00242150-00242323 Welfare Act which provided for the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01023-00242323-00242571 expenditure of approximately l1 million
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01024-00242573-00242779 a year for 20 years on coordinated
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01025-00242780-00242994 development in the British West Indies
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01026-00242994-00243238 concrete actions however were not
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01027-00243239-00243391 implemented to deal with Jamaica's
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01028-00243392-00243786 massive structural problems
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01029-00243787-00244050 topic new labor unions and political
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01030-00244051-00244425 parties
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01031-00244426-00244683 the rise of nationalism as distinct from
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01032-00244684-00244902 island identification or desire for
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01033-00244903-00245130 self-determination is generally dated to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01034-00245131-00245400 the 1938 labor riots that took place in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01035-00245401-00245571 Jamaica and the islands of the Eastern
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01036-00245571-00245901 Caribbean William Alexander Bustamante a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01037-00245902-00246071 moneylender in the capital city of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01038-00246073-00246237 Kingston who had formed the Jamaica
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01039-00246238-00246591 trade workers and tradesmen Union jtw tu
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01040-00246592-00246771 three years earlier captured the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01041-00246771-00246971 imagination of the black masses with his
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01042-00246973-00247209 messianic personality he was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01043-00247210-00247454 light-skinned affluent and aristocratic
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01044-00247455-00247764 Bustamante emerged from the 1938 strikes
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01045-00247765-00247965 and other disturbances as a populist
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01046-00247966-00248154 leader and the principal spokesperson
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01047-00248155-00248352 for the militant urban working class in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01048-00248353-00248739 that year using the jtw tu as a stepping
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01049-00248740-00248925 stone he founded the Bustamante
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01050-00248926-00249198 industrial trade union B ITU which
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01051-00249198-00249461 inaugurated Jamaica's Workers movement a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01052-00249462-00249771 distant cousin of Bustamante Norman W
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01053-00249771-00250038 Manley concluded as a result of the 1938
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01054-00250039-00250263 riots that the basis for national unity
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01055-00250264-00250544 in Jamaica lay in the masses unlike the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01056-00250546-00250812 Union oriented Bustamante however Manley
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01057-00250813-00251016 was more interested in access to control
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01058-00251017-00251208 over state power and political rights
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01059-00251209-00251492 for the masses on the 18th of September
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01060-00251494-00251733 1938 he inaugurated the People's
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01061-00251734-00252054 National Party PNP it began as a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01062-00252055-00252237 nationalist movement supported by the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01063-00252238-00252438 mixed-race middle class in the liberal
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01064-00252439-00252621 sector of the business community its
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01065-00252621-00252828 leaders were highly educated members of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01066-00252829-00253173 the upper-middle class the 1938 riots
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01067-00253173-00253386 spurred the PNP to unionize labor
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01068-00253387-00253530 although it would be several years
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01069-00253531-00253823 before the PNP formed major labor unions
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01070-00253825-00254094 the party concentrated its earliest
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01071-00254094-00254298 efforts on establishing a network both
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01072-00254298-00254508 in urban areas and in banana growing
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01073-00254509-00254715 rural parishes later working on building
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01074-00254716-00254934 support among small farmers and in areas
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01075-00254935-00255339 of bauxite mining in 1940 the PNP
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01076-00255340-00255582 adopted a socialist ideology and later
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01077-00255583-00255723 it joined the socialist international
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01078-00255723-00255942 aligned for mele with the Social
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01079-00255942-00256151 Democratic parties of Western Europe
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01080-00256152-00256442 guided by socialist principles Manley
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01081-00256444-00256707 was not a doctrinaire socialist PNP
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01082-00256708-00256983 socialism during the 1940s was similar
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01083-00256984-00257202 to British Labour Party ideas on state
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01084-00257203-00257360 control of the factors of production
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01085-00257361-00257601 equality of opportunity and a welfare
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01086-00257602-00257828 state the left-wing
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01087-00257829-00258146 the PNP held more orthodox Marxist views
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01088-00258147-00258302 and worked for the internationalization
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01089-00258303-00258500 of the trade union movement through the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01090-00258501-00258746 Caribbean labor Congress in those
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01091-00258747-00258966 formative years of Jamaican political
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01092-00258967-00259079 and union activity
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01093-00259080-00259304 relations between manly and Bustamante
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01094-00259305-00259607 were cordial manly defended Bustamante
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01095-00259608-00259788 in court against charges brought by the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01096-00259789-00259979 British for his labor activism in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01097-00259980-00260270 1938 riots and looked after the be ITU
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01098-00260271-00260524 during Bustamante's imprisonment
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01099-00260525-00260771 Bustamante had political ambitions of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01100-00260772-00260822 his own
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01101-00260823-00261167 however in 1942 while still incarcerated
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01102-00261168-00261380 he founded a political party to rival
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01103-00261381-00261629 the PNP called the Jamaica Labour Party
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01104-00261630-00261707 JLP
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01105-00261708-00261968 the new party whose leaders were of a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01106-00261969-00262196 lower class than those of the PNP was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01107-00262197-00262391 supported by conservative businessmen
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01108-00262392-00262670 and 60,000 dues-paying bi tu members
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01109-00262671-00262979 they encompassed Dokken sugar plantation
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01110-00262980-00263156 workers and other unskilled urban
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01111-00263157-00263516 laborers on his release in 1943 lists
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01112-00263517-00263755 amante began building up the JLP
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01113-00263756-00264080 meanwhile several PNP leaders organized
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01114-00264081-00264240 the leftist oriented Trade Union
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01115-00264241-00264612 Congress tu C thus from an early stage
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01116-00264613-00264851 in modern Jamaica unionized labor was an
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01117-00264852-00265043 integral part of organized political
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01118-00265044-00265306 life for the next quarter century
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01119-00265307-00265529 Bustamante and manley competed for
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01120-00265530-00265718 center stage in Jamaican political
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01121-00265719-00265769 affairs
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01122-00265770-00265946 the former espousing the cause of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01123-00265947-00266291 barefoot man the latter democratic
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01124-00266292-00266585 socialism a loosely defined political
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01125-00266586-00266795 and economic theory aimed at achieving a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01126-00266796-00266968 classless system of government
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01127-00266969-00267240 Jamaica's two founding fathers projected
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01128-00267241-00267421 quite different popular images
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01129-00267422-00267632 Bustamante lacking even a high school
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01130-00267633-00267902 diploma was an autocratic charismatic
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01131-00267903-00268140 and highly adept politician manly was an
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01132-00268141-00268358 athletic Oxford trained lawyer rhodes
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01133-00268359-00268539 scholar humanist and liberal
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01134-00268540-00268808 intellectual although considerably more
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01135-00268809-00269013 reserved than Bustamante Manley was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01136-00269014-00269279 well-liked and widely respected he was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01137-00269280-00269498 also a visionary nationalist who became
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01138-00269499-00269660 the driving force behind the crown
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01139-00269661-00269888 colonies quest for independence
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01140-00269889-00270194 following the 1938 disturbances in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01141-00270195-00270363 West Indies London sent Des Moines
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01142-00270364-00270542 commission to study conditions in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01143-00270543-00270779 British Caribbean territories its
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01144-00270780-00271025 findings led in the early 1940s to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01145-00271026-00271235 better wages and a new constitution
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01146-00271236-00271596 issued on the 20th of November 1944 the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01147-00271597-00271821 Constitution modified the crown colony
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01148-00271822-00271985 system and inaugurated limited
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01149-00271986-00272183 self-government based on the Westminster
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01150-00272184-00272375 model of government and universal adult
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01151-00272376-00272660 suffrage it also embodied the islands
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01152-00272661-00272903 principles of ministerial responsibility
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01153-00272904-00273224 and the rule of law 31% of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01154-00273225-00273500 population participated in the 1944
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01155-00273501-00273771 elections the Jamaica Labour Party
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01156-00273772-00273980 helped by its promises to create jobs
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01157-00273981-00274218 its practice of dispensing public funds
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01158-00274219-00274494 in pro JLP parishes and the PNP is
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01159-00274495-00274760 relatively radical platform won an 18%
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01160-00274761-00275016 majority of the votes over the PNP as
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01161-00275017-00275289 well as 22 seats in the 32 member House
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01162-00275290-00275616 of Representatives the PNP won five
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01163-00275617-00275783 seats and five were gained by other
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01164-00275784-00276219 short-lived parties in 1945 Bustamante
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01165-00276220-00276428 took office as Jamaica's first premier
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01166-00276429-00276621 the pre-independence title for head of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01167-00276622-00276803 government
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01168-00276804-00276995 under the new charter the British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01169-00276996-00277199 governor assisted by the six member
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01170-00277200-00277427 Privy Council and ten member Executive
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01171-00277428-00277628 Council remained responsible solely to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01172-00277629-00277889 the crown the Jamaican Legislative
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01173-00277890-00278126 Council became the upper house or Senate
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01174-00278127-00278354 of the bicameral parliament House
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01175-00278355-00278543 members were elected by adult suffrage
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01176-00278544-00278771 from single-member electoral districts
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01177-00278772-00279026 called constituencies despite these
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01178-00279027-00279209 changes ultimate power remained
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01179-00279210-00279368 concentrated in the hands of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01180-00279369-00279954 governor and other high officials
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01181-00279955-00280341 economy
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01182-00280342-00280607 the first European settlers the Spanish
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01183-00280608-00280797 were primarily interested in extracting
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01184-00280798-00281016 precious metals and did not develop or
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01185-00281017-00281403 otherwise transform Jamaica in 1655 the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01186-00281404-00281601 English occupied the island and began a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01187-00281602-00281847 slow process of creating an agricultural
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01188-00281848-00282078 economy based on slave labour in support
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01189-00282079-00282242 of England's Industrial Revolution
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01190-00282243-00282546 during the 17th century the basic
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01191-00282547-00282747 patterns and social system of the sugar
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01192-00282748-00282966 plantation economy were established in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01193-00282967-00283253 Jamaica large estates owned by absentee
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01194-00283254-00283467 planters were managed by local agents
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01195-00283468-00283728 the slave population increased rapidly
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01196-00283729-00283856 during the last quarter of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01197-00283857-00284054 seventeenth century and by the end of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01198-00284055-00284247 the century slaves outnumbered white
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01199-00284248-00284447 Europeans by at least five to one
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01200-00284448-00284708 because conditions were extremely harsh
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01201-00284709-00284898 under the slave regime and the mortality
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01202-00284899-00285114 rate for slaves was high the slave
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01203-00285115-00285303 population expanded through the slave
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01204-00285304-00285498 trade from West Africa rather than by
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01205-00285499-00285828 natural increase during most of the 18th
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01206-00285829-00286068 century a monocrop economy based on
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01207-00286069-00286272 sugar production for export flourished
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01208-00286273-00286512 in the last quarter of the century
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01209-00286513-00286746 however the Jamaican sugar economy
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01210-00286747-00286989 declined as famines hurricanes colonial
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01211-00286990-00287217 wars and Wars of Independence disrupted
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01212-00287218-00287555 trade by the 1820s Jamaican sugar had
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01213-00287556-00287732 become less competitive with that from
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01214-00287733-00287952 high-volume producers such as Cuba and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01215-00287953-00288297 production subsequently declined by 1882
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01216-00288298-00288509 sugar output was less than half the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01217-00288510-00288840 level achieved in 1828 a major reason
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01218-00288841-00288999 for the decline was the British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01219-00289000-00289256 Parliament's 1807 abolition of the slave
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01220-00289257-00289476 trade under which the transportation of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01221-00289477-00289698 slaves to Jamaica after the 1st of march
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01222-00289699-00289962 1808 was forbidden the abolition of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01223-00289963-00290121 slave trade was followed by the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01224-00290122-00290408 abolition of slavery in 1834 and full
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01225-00290409-00290712 emancipation within four years unable to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01226-00290713-00290871 convert the ex-slaves into a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01227-00290872-00291078 sharecropping tenant class similar to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01228-00291079-00291267 the one established in the post-civil
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01229-00291268-00291503 war south of the United States planters
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01230-00291504-00291702 became increasingly dependent on wage
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01231-00291703-00291867 labor and began recruiting workers
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01232-00291868-00292122 abroad primarily from India China and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01233-00292123-00292392 Sierra Leone many of the former slaves
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01234-00292393-00292596 settled in peasant or small farm
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01235-00292597-00292764 communities in the interior of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01236-00292765-00293028 island though yam belt where they
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01237-00293029-00293217 engaged in subsistence and some cash
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01238-00293218-00293544 crop farming the second half of the 19th
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01239-00293545-00293730 century was a period of severe
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01240-00293731-00294015 economic decline for Jamaica low crop
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01241-00294016-00294231 prices droughts and disease led to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01242-00294232-00294459 serious social unrest culminating in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01243-00294460-00294729 Marant Bey rebellions of 1865
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01244-00294730-00295002 however renewed British administration
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01245-00295003-00295281 after the 1865 rebellion in the form of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01246-00295282-00295497 crown colony status resulted in some
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01247-00295498-00295722 social and economic progress as well as
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01248-00295723-00295848 investment in the physical
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01249-00295849-00296139 infrastructure agricultural development
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01250-00296140-00296322 was the centrepiece of restored British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01251-00296323-00296622 rule in Jamaica in 1868 the first
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01252-00296623-00296832 large-scale irrigation project was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01253-00296833-00297126 launched in 1895 the Jamaica
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01254-00297127-00297345 agricultural society was founded to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01255-00297346-00297555 promote more scientific and profitable
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01256-00297556-00297888 methods of farming also in the 1890s the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01257-00297889-00298059 crown land settlement scheme was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01258-00298060-00298272 introduced a land reform program of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01259-00298273-00298464 sorts which allowed small farmers to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01260-00298465-00298683 purchase two hectares or more of land on
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01261-00298684-00299130 favourable terms between 1865 and 1930
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01262-00299131-00299337 the character of land holding in Jamaica
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01263-00299338-00299574 changed substantially as sugar declined
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01264-00299575-00299883 in importance as many former plantations
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01265-00299884-00300084 went bankrupt some land was sold to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01266-00300085-00300267 Jamaican peasants under the crown Land
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01267-00300268-00300465 Settlement whereas other cane fields
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01268-00300466-00300657 were consolidated by dominant British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01269-00300658-00300861 producers most notably by the British
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01270-00300862-00300978 firm Tate & Lyle
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01271-00300979-00301233 although the concentration of land and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01272-00301234-00301443 wealth in Jamaica was not as drastic as
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01273-00301444-00301635 in the Spanish speaking Caribbean by the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01274-00301636-00301908 1920s the typical sugar plantation on
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01275-00301909-00302064 the island had increased to an average
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01276-00302065-00302496 of 266 hectares but as noted small-scale
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01277-00302497-00302703 agriculture in Jamaica survived the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01278-00302704-00302922 consolidation of land by sugar powers
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01279-00302923-00303195 the number of small holdings in fact
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01280-00303196-00303528 tripled between 1865 and 1930 thus
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01281-00303529-00303693 retaining a large portion of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01282-00303694-00303963 population as peasantry most of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01283-00303964-00304173 expansion in small Holdings took place
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01284-00304174-00304458 before 1910 with farms averaging between
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01285-00304459-00304764 two and 20 hectares the rise of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01286-00304765-00304950 banana trade during the second half of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01287-00304951-00305205 the 19th century also changed production
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01288-00305206-00305481 and trade patterns on the island bananas
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01289-00305482-00305784 were first exported in 1867 and banana
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01290-00305785-00306132 farming grew rapidly thereafter by 1890
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01291-00306133-00306357 bananas had replaced sugar as Jamaica's
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01292-00306358-00306669 principal export production rose from 5
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01293-00306670-00307086 million stems 32% of exports in 1897 to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01294-00307087-00307128 an
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01295-00307129-00307416 of 20 million stems a year in the 1920s
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01296-00307417-00307659 and 1930s or over half of domestic
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01297-00307660-00307950 exports as with sugar the presence of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01298-00307951-00308127 American companies like the well-known
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01299-00308128-00308337 United Fruit Company in Jamaica was a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01300-00308338-00308490 driving force behind renewed
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01301-00308491-00308775 agricultural exports the British also
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01302-00308776-00308967 became more interested in Jamaican
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01303-00308968-00309188 bananas than in the country sugar
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01304-00309189-00309426 expansion of banana production however
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01305-00309427-00309669 was hampered by serious labor shortages
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01306-00309670-00309936 the rise of the banana economy took
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01307-00309937-00310158 place amidst a general exodus of up to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01308-00310159-00310473 11,000 Jamaicans a year the Great
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01309-00310474-00310695 Depression caused sugar prices to slump
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01310-00310696-00310947 in 1929 and led to the return of many
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01311-00310948-00311292 Jamaicans economic stagnation discontent
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01312-00311293-00311517 with unemployment low wages high prices
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01313-00311518-00311760 and poor living conditions caused social
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01314-00311761-00312117 unrest in the 1930s uprisings in Jamaica
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01315-00312118-00312336 began on the from' sugar estate in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01316-00312337-00312516 Western parish of Westmoreland and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01317-00312517-00312759 quickly spread east to Kingston Jamaica
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01318-00312760-00312990 in particular set the pace for the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01319-00312991-00313176 region in its demands for economic
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01320-00313177-00313406 development from British colonial rule
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01321-00313407-00313674 because of disturbances in Jamaica and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01322-00313675-00313845 the rest of the region the British in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01323-00313846-00314102 1938 appointed the moines Commission an
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01324-00314103-00314331 immediate result of the Commission was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01325-00314332-00314529 the colonial development Welfare Act
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01326-00314530-00314724 which provided for the expenditure of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01327-00314725-00314979 approximately l1 million a year for 20
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01328-00314980-00315180 years on coordinated development in the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01329-00315181-00315456 British West Indies concrete actions
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01330-00315457-00315642 however were not implemented to deal
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01331-00315643-00315792 with Jamaica's massive structural
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01332-00315793-00316116 problems the expanding relationship that
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01333-00316117-00316293 Jamaica entered into with the United
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01334-00316294-00316506 States during World War Two produced a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01335-00316507-00316677 momentum for change that could not be
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01336-00316678-00316880 turned back by the end of the war
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01337-00316881-00317055 familiarity with the early economic
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01338-00317056-00317307 progress achieved in Puerto Rico under
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01339-00317308-00317550 operation bootstrap renewed immigration
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01340-00317551-00317727 to the United States the lasting
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01341-00317728-00317904 impressions of Marcus Garvey and the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01342-00317905-00318078 publication of the moines Commission
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01343-00318079-00318312 report led to important modifications in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01344-00318313-00318492 the Jamaican political process and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01345-00318493-00318765 demands for economic development as was
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01346-00318766-00318909 the case throughout the Commonwealth
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01347-00318910-00319155 Caribbean in the mid to late 1930s
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01348-00319156-00319362 social upheaval in Jamaica paved the way
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01349-00319363-00319578 for the emergence of strong trade unions
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01350-00319579-00319821 and nascent political parties these
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01351-00319822-00319998 changes set the stage for early
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01352-00319999-00320331 modernization in the 1940s and 1950s and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01353-00320332-00320493 for limited self-rule in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01354-00320494-00320934 in 1944 an extensive period of post-war
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01355-00320935-00321135 growth transformed Jamaica into an
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01356-00321136-00321417 increasingly industrial society this
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01357-00321418-00321627 pattern was accelerated with the export
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01358-00321628-00321951 of bauxite beginning in the 1950s the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01359-00321952-00322125 economic structure shifted from a
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01360-00322126-00322389 dependence on agriculture that in 1950
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01361-00322390-00322755 accounted for 38% of GDP to an
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01362-00322756-00323070 agricultural contribution of 12.9% in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01363-00323071-00323574 1960 and 6.7% in 1970 during the same
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01364-00323575-00323850 period the contribution to GDP of mining
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01365-00323851-00324138 increased from less than 1% in 1950 to
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01366-00324139-00324540 9.3 percent in 1960 and 12.6 percent in
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01367-00324541-00324981 1970 manufacturing expanded from 11.3%
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01368-00324982-00325970 in 1950 to 12.8 in 1960 and 15.7 in 1970
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01369-00325971-00326407 pick see also
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01370-00326408-00326898 invasion of Jamaica 16:55 Jamaica
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01371-00326899-00327232 history of Jamaica history of the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01372-00327233-00327646 British West Indies
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01373-00327647-00328023 topic references
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01374-00328024-00328193 you
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01375-00328194-00328632 Belize world statesman org retrieved the
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01376-00328633-00329021 9th of February 2013 Cayman Islands
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01377-00329022-00329376 world statesman org retrieved the 9th of
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01378-00329377-00329570 February 2013
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01379-00329571-00330012 Honduras Bay Islands world statesman org
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01380-00330013-00330338 retrieved the 9th of February 2013
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01381-00330339-00330759 Jamaica world statesman org retrieved
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01382-00330760-00331125 the 9th of February 2013 Turks and
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01383-00331126-00331443 Caicos Islands world statesman org
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01384-00331444-00331839 retrieved the 9th of February 2013 this
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01385-00331840-00332010 article incorporates public domain
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01386-00332011-00332247 material from the Library of Congress
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01387-00332248-00332526 country studies website HTTP colon slash
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01388-00332527-00332964 slash lequip to loc.gov slash FR d /c s
+hTkX_2IzVGc-01389-00332965-00333198 slash
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00000-00001205-00001732 live from jerome hard and studios this
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00001-00001732-00002002 is the latest on my newscast I'm willing
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00002-00002003-00002191 to tell you about so as you sit back
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00003-00002192-00002416 relax chillax and i'll tell you later
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00004-00002417-00002653 what's up i'm jail you children right
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00005-00002654-00003019 let's get started i'm going to talk
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00006-00003020-00003206 about today is how as the world changes
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00007-00003207-00003522 have you seen major changes around the
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00008-00003523-00003871 world lately I me around and this time I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00009-00003872-00004102 live you know everybody's having
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00010-00004103-00004279 children and stuff I mean what's going
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00011-00004280-00004486 on with that is that a new fashion or
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00012-00004487-00004734 getting pregnant or something I mean to
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00013-00004735-00005113 me I think it seems like it but oh why
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00014-00005114-00005284 would they get pregnant I mean why would
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00015-00005285-00005484 everybody get pregnant somebody help me
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00016-00005485-00005784 answer that question oh yeah by the way
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00017-00005785-00006466 um sometimes uh sometimes you want kids
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00018-00006467-00006598 sometimes you don't I feel like
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00019-00006598-00006873 everybody around me has kids I mean can
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00020-00006875-00007059 somebody explain to me why they want
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00021-00007061-00007654 kids I mean Oh as young as a 15 to 19
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00022-00007655-00007900 years old I mean there are enough teen
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00023-00007901-00008260 moms as is I mean yeah yeah it's
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00024-00008261-00008515 annoying some people and they posted
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00025-00008516-00008740 ugly about teen moms talking about
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00026-00008741-00008944 all their babies are crotch droppings
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00027-00008945-00009274 and such touch that and they told me
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00028-00009275-00009598 to the teen moms and then I put I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00029-00009599-00009946 wrote the song baby mama drama and it
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00030-00009947-00010369 got 215 views but oh I just posted his
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00031-00010370-00010846 son back in May and miraculously reach
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00032-00010847-00011170 to 200 much to my surprise I mean it's
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00033-00011171-00011425 not the only video that reach 200 so
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00034-00011426-00011668 it's my other videos such as the parkway
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00035-00011669-00012028 one end up well that's about it the
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00036-00012029-00012457 others are doing okay but um yeah that's
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00037-00012458-00012637 why I'm here to talk about but yeah
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00038-00012638-00013018 something else too um you see how all
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00039-00013019-00013261 these all these talk shows are coming
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00040-00013262-00013650 about like the test it's a talk show
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00041-00013651-00013990 that is copying off on Maury Povich I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00042-00013991-00014227 mean why would they make more talk shows
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00043-00014228-00014497 if we already if the other talk shows
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00044-00014497-00014578 are doing
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00045-00014579-00014838 good we have more talk shows than
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00046-00014840-00015297 anywhere like Oh Trisha Goddard moorage
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00047-00015298-00015738 the steve wilkos show Jerry Springer um
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00048-00015738-00016113 Jeremy Kyle show Wendy Williams only a
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00049-00016115-00016363 celebrity talk show they don't buy a
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00050-00016363-00016753 wendy williams dogfight guests over yeah
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00051-00016754-00016980 all these talk shows and all these fake
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00052-00016981-00017311 shows I mean do you remember what team
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00053-00017312-00017634 was like back then so soon so quiet
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00054-00017635-00017944 brings back memories or you remember as
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00055-00017945-00018150 a child you just have a good time
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00056-00018151-00018325 playing your back yard all the time
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00057-00018326-00018571 playing with bugs playing with little
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00058-00018572-00018837 eggs I playing with your pets you know
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00059-00018838-00019069 just a good time and you don't have to
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00060-00019070-00019378 worry about anything now it's 2013 and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00061-00019379-00019561 those of you that live in a childhood
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00062-00019562-00019917 back in the 90s through 2001 right
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00063-00019918-00020278 before twin towers came down just like a
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00064-00020279-00020572 citizen quiet peaceful day I mean no hot
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00065-00020573-00020899 temperatures I mean mostly shades I mean
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00066-00020900-00021171 cooler temperatures and you just get
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00067-00021172-00021384 this in your bed just go to sleep all
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00068-00021385-00021606 day if you want or but still you had to
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00069-00021607-00021742 go to school and do the little baby
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00070-00021743-00022200 stuff eating stuff and don't forget this
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00071-00022201-00022434 I just brought some of the Jerry
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00072-00022435-00022668 Springer theme songs and some of you
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00073-00022669-00022867 told me that Jerry Springer was where I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00074-00022868-00023286 don't believe that well um well I can
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00075-00023287-00023640 tell you is I can tell that some of the
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00076-00023641-00023862 shows the fake cuz their crimes and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00077-00023863-00024156 stuff normally when you cry you see
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00078-00024157-00024425 tears coming out of your eyes but oh
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00079-00024426-00024750 when day crying I don't see no tears
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00080-00024751-00025005 coming out of their eyes whatsoever but
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00081-00025006-00025228 sometimes i do but it's impossible
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00082-00025229-00025719 sometimes to make yourself cry it's
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00083-00025720-00025881 sometimes you make it possible to make
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00084-00025882-00026199 yourself cry that is also fake and multi
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00085-00026200-00026493 millions of people say that was a fake
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00086-00026494-00027085 but i don't believe that junk um yeah so
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00087-00027086-00027321 some of you can say is fake all you want
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00088-00027322-00027552 and I'd you know I just still watch it
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00089-00027553-00027760 just still watch it for entertainment I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00090-00027761-00027919 mean just
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00091-00027920-00028141 see people crying makes me so happy I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00092-00028142-00028381 mean I just like to see I just enjoy
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00093-00028382-00028770 people's misery that's all I mean finish
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00094-00028772-00028993 as i'm not talking about my friends and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00095-00028994-00029197 stuff i mean if you're miserable and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00096-00029198-00029497 stuff i'll try to cheer you up but on TV
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00097-00029498-00029752 and such and such if i see their
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00098-00029752-00030019 boyfriends leaving the girl or they
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00099-00030020-00030262 dumping them or something bad happen to
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00100-00030263-00030445 go like they're going to jail and stuff
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00101-00030445-00030645 you know i just joy people's misery and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00102-00030647-00030847 they started crying and you know i don't
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00103-00030848-00031030 feel bad for them just sit there and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00104-00031031-00031357 just enjoy the joy of drama you know
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00105-00031358-00031918 that's how life is i mean i just posted
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00106-00031919-00032101 it as one of the theme song says my
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00107-00032102-00032442 favorite last night on facebook and she
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00108-00032443-00032692 wants you to hear it and you know I'm
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00109-00032693-00032905 just gonna speak through it and see how
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00110-00032906-00033319 you like it I mean some of it um it's
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00111-00033320-00033751 okay but today all music we have it was
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00112-00033752-00034060 just like similar to the two thousand
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00113-00034061-00034381 two two two thousand five months but
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00114-00034382-00034897 still like this still so classic nothing
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00115-00034898-00035239 today is a classic you see um Disney
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00116-00035240-00035478 Channel's going bad Nickelodeon sucks
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00117-00035479-00035863 Cartoon Network having trouble i meanwe
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00118-00035864-00036142 else is next I mean as all the cartoons
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00119-00036143-00036328 is going to become human sitcoms now
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00120-00036329-00036589 because of and flash drawings and stuff
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00121-00036590-00036889 because of our society is too lazy to
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00122-00036890-00037366 make cartoons from scratch and oh yeah
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00123-00037367-00037612 my website is going to be having updates
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00124-00037613-00037957 will real soon as of today I mean more
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00125-00037958-00038224 image is gonna be added and the lyrics
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00126-00038225-00038497 to my baby mama drama songs going beyond
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00127-00038498-00038761 their as of today so keep looking for it
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00128-00038762-00039097 and just be just be on your toes for it
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00129-00039098-00039232 because know it's going to be a very
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00130-00039233-00039628 exciting fall for you so just like the
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00131-00039629-00039862 fall season is coming up I just want to
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00132-00039863-00040087 give you some extra special to start
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00133-00040088-00040470 your football season off real well and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00134-00040471-00040747 of course sometimes I watch football too
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00135-00040748-00041036 that's not a whole lot because a
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00136-00041037-00041285 but you know I'm going for I mean I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00137-00041286-00041546 going for Alabama but I don't go to that
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00138-00041547-00041801 College you know I know some other
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00139-00041802-00042032 college like a two-year college but I'm
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00140-00042033-00042271 not gonna take my location you know my
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00141-00042272-00042533 life is none of your business what but
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00142-00042534-00043139 what I can tell you is um changes around
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00143-00043140-00043537 the world and stuff still um there's
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00144-00043538-00043943 lots of fights going on there's a lot
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00145-00043944-00044290 size child molestations going on lots of
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00146-00044291-00044687 accidents on the roads and people
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00147-00044688-00045143 destroying beautiful stuff well sponge
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00148-00045144-00045359 right there and more a lot
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00149-00045360-00045796 older people find a little low 27 now
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00150-00045797-00046106 2725 and our jobs yeah that sucks too
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00151-00046107-00046393 and people losing their houses their
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00152-00046394-00046868 jobs or their um their children and cuz
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00153-00046869-00047215 they couldn't afford to feed them or
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00154-00047216-00047377 they're doing something bad to the
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00155-00047378-00048071 children who knows yeah i just made a
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00156-00048072-00048467 little a slideshow and i'm going guide
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00157-00048468-00048737 you through it see what your to bring
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00158-00048738-00049010 you back your childhood memory you know
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00159-00049011-00049226 I'm get tired you know you you know I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00160-00049227-00049442 had talked about this in the past right
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00161-00049443-00049652 but I had I talked a little bit about it
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00162-00049653-00050230 but I'm going to detail you on what your
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00163-00050231-00050489 childhood was like but our Road story
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00164-00050490-00050960 about it on my website too and I'm just
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00165-00050961-00051152 like type of guy that likes older
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00166-00051153-00051430 classic stuff I mean I don't like the
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00167-00051432-00051646 new stuff on TV set Lizard Lick towing
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00168-00051647-00052013 an operation repo tru TV stuff or tosh
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00169-00052014-00052255 point-o or the new moves that are coming
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00170-00052257-00052538 out or the new south park I don't I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00171-00052539-00052816 don't eyebrow I want I don't watch tower
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00172-00052817-00053080 park anymore but I'll look into that
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00173-00053082-00053534 sometime the south park is used to be my
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00174-00053535-00053996 favorite show well yeah and Steve Wilkos
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00175-00053997-00054299 he kicks ass you know he's was in the
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00176-00054300-00054437 military he
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00177-00054438-00054754 was like again on people's cases about
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00178-00054755-00054974 child molestation and stuff he likes
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00179-00054975-00055199 saving people's lives before they get
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00180-00055200-00055415 ruined forever light say this woman
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00181-00055416-00055646 lying on this man about molestation and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00182-00055647-00055901 this man is getting accused in jail for
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00183-00055902-00056204 it and and he passes his cast he's he's
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00184-00056204-00056459 proves not be molesting his children and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00185-00056460-00056744 the woman's lying all alone I mean that
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00186-00056745-00056909 stuff can ruin your life right there if
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00187-00056910-00057146 you are a man or a lot of such an
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00188-00057147-00057347 assessment shows you such like that so
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00189-00057348-00057719 um just getting look into that I mean
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00190-00057720-00057947 you know never know what's gonna happen
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00191-00057948-00058255 in life I mean look just like you look
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00192-00058257-00058487 for job opportunities and they say to go
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00193-00058488-00058741 hire you and stuff but some comes up and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00194-00058742-00058919 then they said they're not hiring you I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00195-00058920-00059458 mean oh you have to look into that stuff
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00196-00059459-00059747 well you have to keep your Facebook page
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00197-00059748-00060233 clean in order to get a job I mean of
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00198-00060234-00060389 course they haven't look into my
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00199-00060390-00060679 facebook page yeah I don't know why but
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00200-00060679-00061013 they can make up excuses why they not
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00201-00061014-00061304 hiring you which is a bunch of
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00202-00061304-00061754 you know yeah I mean life is oh
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00203-00061754-00062060 yeah but all this thing you can hope for
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00204-00062061-00062507 is a miracle that could happen so oh
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00205-00062508-00062779 yeah just looking today but enough talk
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00206-00062780-00063308 I just want to take you on the memories
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00207-00063309-00063739 we had back and hopefully that can uh
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00208-00063740-00063995 refresh your memory of what is light and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00209-00063996-00064265 not not gloss tia I mean I can't say
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00210-00064266-00064654 that we're right but whatever yeah just
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00211-00064655-00065021 like Oh hopes up things a 10 minute
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00212-00065022-00065444 video so oh cuz I don't do much newscast
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00213-00065445-00065864 anymore so yeah that's what I was all
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00214-00065865-00066212 about you know I plan to be working and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00215-00066213-00066398 go to school at the same time to keep
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00216-00066399-00067165 myself occupied I mean you know so yeah
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00217-00067166-00067436 take you to that clip and then after you
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00218-00067437-00067613 get done you come back see me I'll in
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00219-00067614-00067759 this newscast for me I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00220-00067760-00067968 let's go and I'll walk you through it so
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00221-00067969-00068290 you know I'm talking about holy
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00222-00068291-00070647 I'll remember this one yeah yeah
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00223-00070648-00071088 yeah barely murmuring at one yeah but
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00224-00071089-00071623 still it's pretty cool holy I'll
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00225-00071624-00072250 remember this one yeah yeah
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00226-00072251-00072871 oh my god man i got i got see this cuz
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00227-00072872-00073141 this used to be one right there all
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00228-00073142-00073438 these shows right there oh yeah i like
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00229-00073439-00073696 that ridiculous we're simply remodeling
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00230-00073697-00073855 our house and this is the all-time
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00231-00073856-00074221 favorite notice frankly I appreciate it
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00232-00074222-00074422 if you kept it under wraps if people
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00233-00074423-00074608 knew I was living here well they might
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00234-00074609-00074866 get the wrong idea I mean it is a damper
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00235-00074867-00075202 on des I live here yes well Oh dirty
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00236-00075203-00075517 Jimmy what's wrong when I got it the
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00237-00075518-00076081 woman has a full-grown mustache how am I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00238-00076082-00076267 supposed to eat my fans give a turkey
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00239-00076268-00076414 when I'm staring at a woman who looks
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00240-00076415-00076776 like she got a big old hairy caterpillar
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00241-00076777-00077232 hey Kenan when she comes let's save them
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00242-00077233-00077494 no no neither of you will shave I'm
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00243-00077495-00077813 dirty and listen no comments about her
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00244-00077814-00078256 mustache from the look of it i'd say a
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00245-00078257-00078674 lot of parents are gone look did they
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00246-00078675-00078884 all go to Florida maybe they went to get
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00247-00078885-00079118 juice or something I don't digest pong
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00248-00079119-00079622 Krell it makes me Brody daughter scan
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00249-00079623-00080855 for adult life forms I don't know but
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00250-00080856-00080960 it's in a classroom it can't be that
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00251-00080961-00081155 exciting hey Doc come here so how they
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00252-00081156-00081362 were feeling crew in there they start
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00253-00081363-00081668 going to our school oh they're scouting
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00254-00081669-00081836 locations for the no movie on our old
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00255-00081837-00082013 zombies wait a second they're shooting a
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00256-00082014-00082588 movie in our schools yeah excuse me oh I
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00257-00082589-00082819 stole Sheena kumara the hottest director
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00258-00082820-00083018 in Hollywood that's the hottest director
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00259-00083019-00083512 in Hollywood I see
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00260-00083513-00084266 oh oh oh oh spit it out no I love it why
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00261-00084267-00084613 do you wanna go back why am I wearing to
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00262-00084614-00085121 go vest a hundred the helm of him no
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00263-00085122-00085315 Helen did not promote me she's getting
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00264-00085316-00085660 laser eye surgery today is it alright
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00265-00085661-00085978 cool did you enjoy it ok I'm glad you
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00266-00085979-00086200 did but now i got in this newscast and
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00267-00086201-00086416 it's possible eat it's gonna be a long
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00268-00086417-00086617 time for you see me again as long as
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00269-00086618-00086962 fakes thanksgiving arrived so until then
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00270-00086963-00087178 i'll see you next time but until next
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00271-00087179-00087446 time I jet all gone out peace see till
+hUKcJu8q4RI-00272-00087447-00087760 Thanksgiving ok bye
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00000-00000039-00000430 so hello to everybody from face buddha
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00001-00000431-00000799 and uh very nice to share
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00002-00000800-00001039 the morning with you and wish you well
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00003-00001040-00001311 for the new year
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00004-00001312-00001543 so today we're going to talk about
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00005-00001544-00001807 anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00006-00001807-00002110 so i'm really nervous and tense
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00007-00002111-00002310 because i have to give a talk and i
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00008-00002311-00002502 can't see you i don't know who i'm
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00009-00002503-00002655 talking to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00010-00002656-00002879 and what am i going to say and what are
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00011-00002880-00003206 you gonna think of me and oh no
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00012-00003207-00003447 how can i go on with this i'm just so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00013-00003447-00003735 anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00014-00003736-00003831 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00015-00003832-00004199 so do you get that way sometimes
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00016-00004200-00004335 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00017-00004336-00004583 so uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00018-00004584-00004870 when i think about anxiety to me it's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00019-00004871-00005286 related to a couple of other
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00020-00005287-00005679 mental factors one is worry
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00021-00005680-00006063 and another one is fear
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00022-00006064-00006231 and when i
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00023-00006232-00006422 try and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00024-00006423-00006823 think about which one comes first and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00025-00006823-00007151 how they interrelate
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00026-00007152-00007423 my first idea and you may have other
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00027-00007423-00007542 ideas
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00028-00007543-00007655 is that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00029-00007656-00007855 first we have
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00030-00007856-00008055 anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00031-00008056-00008191 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00032-00008192-00008455 and then we
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00033-00008456-00008759 elaborate on that and it becomes worry
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00034-00008760-00009046 and finally we blow it up even more it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00035-00009047-00009223 becomes fear
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00036-00009224-00009303 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00037-00009304-00009606 but what do anxiety worry and fear what
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00038-00009607-00009871 do the three of them have in common
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00039-00009872-00010071 we are
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00040-00010072-00010463 making up stories
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00041-00010464-00010574 we are
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00042-00010575-00010727 uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00043-00010728-00011006 taking a situation
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00044-00011007-00011114 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00045-00011115-00011510 elaborating on it projecting on it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00046-00011511-00011638 uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00047-00011639-00011742 re
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00048-00011743-00012046 mind reading you know thinking we know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00049-00012047-00012270 other people's motivations
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00050-00012271-00012542 thinking we know what they're gonna do
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00051-00012543-00012894 thinking we know the future yeah and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00052-00012895-00013119 we're so sure
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00053-00013119-00013383 that our ideas about these things are
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00054-00013384-00013527 correct
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00055-00013528-00013879 that then we we are reacting to our
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00056-00013880-00014079 ideas
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00057-00014080-00014422 so we're not reacting to the actual
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00058-00014423-00014663 situation
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00059-00014663-00014935 because you could be sitting here okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00060-00014936-00015191 so we're in the middle of a pandemic
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00061-00015191-00015494 right now okay people are losing there's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00062-00015495-00015758 jobs people are going to the hospital
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00063-00015759-00016022 all sorts of things are happening okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00064-00016023-00016311 so you're sitting in in your house or
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00065-00016312-00016543 your flat wherever you live
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00066-00016544-00016630 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00067-00016631-00016767 as peaceful
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00068-00016768-00017158 it's quiet you're safe
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00069-00017159-00017415 but then you start thinking
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00070-00017416-00017567 oh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00071-00017568-00017807 there's a pandemic and there's a new
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00072-00017808-00018022 variant going around
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00073-00018023-00018391 yeah first we had ordinary covert then
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00074-00018392-00018750 we had delta and now we have omicron
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00075-00018751-00019030 what's going to be next and all these
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00076-00019031-00019375 are spreading so quickly and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00077-00019376-00019703 the vaccine works but it isn't a hundred
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00078-00019704-00019967 percent and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00079-00019968-00020263 i have my vaccine and i have a booster
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00080-00020264-00020583 and i wear a mask and i don't go outside
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00081-00020584-00020903 but
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00082-00020904-00021143 i don't know i mean i could re i could
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00083-00021144-00021494 still get it and if i get it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00084-00021495-00021686 oh no
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00085-00021687-00021958 then i'm going to go to the hospital
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00086-00021959-00022214 i'll probably die
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00087-00022215-00022463 then my whole family
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00088-00022464-00022791 what's going to happen in my family
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00089-00022792-00023103 my kids won't have a parent
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00090-00023104-00023350 my parents won't have
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00091-00023351-00023686 me to take care of them
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00092-00023687-00023958 my brothers and sisters won't have me to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00093-00023959-00024199 support them
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00094-00024200-00024527 it's going to be terrible oh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00095-00024528-00024919 what if this happens
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00096-00024920-00025111 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00097-00025112-00025439 so remember you're sitting in your house
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00098-00025440-00025694 it's calm it's peaceful
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00099-00025695-00025934 your mind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00100-00025935-00026246 starts inventing a future
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00101-00026247-00026446 that you don't know if it's going to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00102-00026447-00026631 happen or not
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00103-00026632-00026855 but that doesn't matter we're
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00104-00026856-00027055 storytellers
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00105-00027056-00027431 so we make up a story and of course it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00106-00027432-00027695 is a horror story
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00107-00027695-00027790 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00108-00027791-00027990 otherwise i mean we don't get anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00109-00027991-00028302 about good stories we make up so it's a
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00110-00028304-00028655 horror story and who's the star of the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00111-00028656-00028862 horror story
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00112-00028863-00029111 yo
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00113-00029112-00029502 it's all about yo
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00114-00029504-00029767 and this horrible thing is going to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00115-00029768-00029927 happen
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00116-00029927-00030279 i'm sure
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00117-00030280-00030383 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00118-00030383-00030718 and your mind where's your mind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00119-00030719-00031023 yeah your body's sitting here in your
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00120-00031024-00031151 home
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00121-00031152-00031470 the sun's shining
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00122-00031472-00031662 it's peaceful
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00123-00031663-00031990 you're feeling well your family's well
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00124-00031991-00032143 but your mind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00125-00032144-00032479 creates an alternative reality and gets
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00126-00032480-00032999 anxious about it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00127-00033000-00033455 do you see your tendency to do that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00128-00033456-00033551 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00129-00033552-00033687 then
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00130-00033688-00034127 so we uh meditate on the anxiety for a
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00131-00034128-00034255 while
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00132-00034256-00034511 yeah except meditate actually means you
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00133-00034512-00034831 familiarize yourself with a virtuous
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00134-00034832-00035018 state of mind in this case we're
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00135-00035019-00035231 familiarizing ourself with a
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00136-00035232-00035471 non-virtuous state of mind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00137-00035472-00035662 you know because this horrible thing is
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00138-00035663-00035895 going to happen
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00139-00035896-00036162 and you you
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00140-00036163-00036399 familiarize yourself with this whole
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00141-00036400-00036783 scenario and you amplify it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00142-00036784-00037207 you know now so that now i'm not just
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00143-00037208-00037455 anxious that it'll happen
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00144-00037456-00037974 but i really am seriously worried
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00145-00037975-00038246 and then i start imagining
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00146-00038247-00038518 what's going to happen my kids
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00147-00038519-00038823 you know before with anxiety it was just
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00148-00038824-00039151 they won't have a parent but now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00149-00039152-00039283 my
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00150-00039284-00039567 kids who's going to take care of them
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00151-00039568-00039823 they're going to be hungry
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00152-00039824-00040030 oh no they're going to wind up on the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00153-00040031-00040151 street
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00154-00040152-00040327 and my parents
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00155-00040328-00040679 if i'm not there to take care of them
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00156-00040680-00040935 my brothers and sisters won't do it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00157-00040936-00041087 my parents
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00158-00041088-00041407 they'll get sick they'll die early or
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00159-00041408-00041607 they'll be on the streets together with
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00160-00041608-00041758 my children
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00161-00041759-00042102 and everything is going to go wrong
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00162-00042103-00042358 and i'm so worried because i love these
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00163-00042359-00042615 people i want them to be happy i don't
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00164-00042616-00042999 want them to suffer but i'm so worried
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00165-00043000-00043483 about what's going to happen to them
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00166-00043484-00043830 okay so you started out with the anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00167-00043831-00044127 you built upon it with the worry
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00168-00044128-00044511 then you keep ruminating
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00169-00044512-00044767 okay you ruminate
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00170-00044768-00045039 and you think about this again and again
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00171-00045040-00045143 and then
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00172-00045144-00045639 now you are in total fear and hysteria
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00173-00045640-00045855 yeah but you're still sitting in your
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00174-00045856-00045999 house
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00175-00046000-00046143 it's peaceful
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00176-00046144-00046283 it's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00177-00046284-00046686 gone but now oh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00178-00046687-00047030 i'm just visualizing my kids out on the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00179-00047031-00047471 street and my parents did and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00180-00047472-00047839 oh i'm so afraid this is gonna happen
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00181-00047840-00048135 you know and it's all because i got
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00182-00048136-00048462 covered and and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00183-00048463-00048823 the day after i got covered i died
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00184-00048824-00049055 you know most people
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00185-00049056-00049279 they're in the hospital for a while and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00186-00049280-00049535 they they get therapies and things like
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00187-00049536-00049871 that but me no i'm gonna die the very
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00188-00049872-00050343 next day so nobody has any time to plan
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00189-00050344-00050727 and make arrangements and i'm terrified
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00190-00050728-00051007 oh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00191-00051008-00051382 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00192-00051383-00051687 so we get ourselves all worked up about
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00193-00051688-00051935 all of this
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00194-00051936-00052294 now let's go back to the anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00195-00052295-00052750 what is getting us worked up
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00196-00052751-00053047 okay what are the facts of the situation
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00197-00053048-00054175 yeah objective facts there's a virus
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00198-00054176-00054366 that's the objective fact there's a
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00199-00054367-00054711 virus
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00200-00054712-00055175 okay what do we add on to that objective
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00201-00055176-00055430 fact
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00202-00055432-00056015 i'm going to get it for sure
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00203-00056016-00056319 okay do we know we're gonna get it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00204-00056320-00056423 no
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00205-00056424-00056879 but that doesn't matter
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00206-00056879-00057279 we build up the same i'm gonna get it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00207-00057279-00057487 and of course i'm gonna die you know the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00208-00057488-00057830 very next day
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00209-00057832-00058047 and we visualize ourselves there in the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00210-00058048-00058263 hospital we're dead
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00211-00058264-00058494 and then we visualize the kids we
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00212-00058495-00058766 visualize our parents
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00213-00058767-00058882 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00214-00058883-00059271 everybody's totally
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00215-00059272-00059487 they don't know what to do their worlds
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00216-00059488-00059687 are falling apart
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00217-00059688-00060071 yeah my kids are there sobbing
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00218-00060072-00060303 yeah none of this is happening your kids
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00219-00060304-00060630 right now are in their bedroom playing
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00220-00060632-00060879 that doesn't matter you're visualizing
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00221-00060879-00061223 them sobbing because their parents
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00222-00061224-00061430 is dead are dead
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00223-00061432-00061566 you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00224-00061567-00061711 they're sobbing
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00225-00061712-00061919 yeah your parents
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00226-00061920-00062230 are are there remind you right now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00227-00062232-00062542 they're fine they're watching tv at home
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00228-00062544-00062838 but you're visualizing them
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00229-00062839-00062942 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00230-00062944-00063094 frantic
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00231-00063095-00063271 because nobody's going to take care of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00232-00063272-00063511 them and therefore they're going to be
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00233-00063512-00063759 wind up in the hospital or they'll wind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00234-00063760-00064038 up in an old age facility where they're
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00235-00064039-00064350 neglected and they're going to die early
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00236-00064351-00064463 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00237-00064464-00064694 all of this is going to happen okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00238-00064695-00064830 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00239-00064832-00065175 do you see the whole thing is in your
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00240-00065176-00065463 own mind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00241-00065464-00065894 yeah it is not occurring now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00242-00065895-00066094 is it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00243-00066095-00066559 it is not occurring now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00244-00066560-00066799 but our mind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00245-00066800-00067479 dreams up this whole horror story
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00246-00067480-00067711 yeah in which we're reading other
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00247-00067712-00068079 people's minds we know their motivations
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00248-00068080-00068238 we somehow
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00249-00068239-00068487 know the future and of course it's going
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00250-00068488-00068855 to be horrible
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00251-00068856-00069279 and so we build this whole thing up
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00252-00069280-00069591 and then we get ourselves into such
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00253-00069592-00069982 about a bag of nerves and we're so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00254-00069983-00070126 frantic
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00255-00070127-00070271 that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00256-00070272-00070526 even if we got sick
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00257-00070527-00070694 we wouldn't even know how to take care
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00258-00070695-00070943 of ourselves because our minds
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00259-00070944-00071094 are too
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00260-00071095-00071462 involved in this hysterical story
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00261-00071463-00071671 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00262-00071672-00072015 so as soon as we let our mind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00263-00072016-00072319 go and start doing this this creative
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00264-00072320-00072526 writing that it does
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00265-00072527-00072882 of our the horror story started starring
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00266-00072883-00073367 me we no longer have any mental
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00267-00073368-00073519 space
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00268-00073520-00073919 to consider anything else happening
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00269-00073920-00074279 and we no longer have any mental space
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00270-00074280-00074494 to think about
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00271-00074495-00074767 you know what could happen should that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00272-00074768-00074943 thing happen
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00273-00074944-00075255 okay there's an expression in english i
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00274-00075256-00075494 don't know if you have it in spanish
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00275-00075495-00075750 of we'll cross that bridge when we come
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00276-00075751-00075950 to it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00277-00075951-00076087 but
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00278-00076088-00076335 here when we get anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00279-00076336-00076550 we've crossed the bridge
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00280-00076551-00076687 before
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00281-00076688-00076999 not only before we've come to it but
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00282-00077000-00077462 before the bridge is even built
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00283-00077463-00077647 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00284-00077648-00077975 so we're so much into fabricating
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00285-00077976-00078135 the future
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00286-00078136-00078519 that is based on nothing more
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00287-00078520-00078647 basically
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00288-00078648-00078959 then our own self-centeredness
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00289-00078960-00079382 because remember all of our anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00290-00079383-00079767 who's the star of the anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00291-00079768-00079975 yo
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00292-00079976-00080455 when we're anxious we know we exist
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00293-00080456-00080838 i think a lot of we that the the buzz we
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00294-00080839-00081103 get out of being anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00295-00081104-00081447 is that we are proving to ourselves
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00296-00081448-00081719 that we actually exist
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00297-00081720-00082135 there's a real inherently existent me
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00298-00082136-00082367 who's the most important one in the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00299-00082368-00082575 world
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00300-00082576-00082911 and i know that because my reality is
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00301-00082912-00083118 crashing all around me
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00302-00083119-00083431 but i exist even though it's a horrible
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00303-00083432-00083679 existence
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00304-00083680-00083799 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00305-00083800-00084006 so this is all an
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00306-00084007-00084518 ego created trip
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00307-00084519-00084871 yeah that makes us miserable
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00308-00084872-00085135 that makes us totally miserable
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00309-00085136-00085406 but what's really weird about the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00310-00085407-00085671 anxiety trip
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00311-00085672-00085911 is we're afraid
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00312-00085912-00086231 that if we aren't anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00313-00086232-00086591 then we won't be prepared if something
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00314-00086592-00086823 happens
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00315-00086824-00087199 so anxiety we say to ourselves
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00316-00087200-00087343 is our way
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00317-00087344-00087559 of preparing
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00318-00087560-00088135 for a future that may happen
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00319-00088136-00088303 but it's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00320-00088304-00088559 not sure that future is going to happen
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00321-00088560-00088887 and second of all if we're anxious we
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00322-00088888-00089103 are totally unprepared to handle the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00323-00089104-00089206 future
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00324-00089207-00089406 because we're too involved in our
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00325-00089407-00089943 anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00326-00089944-00090087 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00327-00090088-00090167 now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00328-00090168-00090294 this makes
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00329-00090295-00090431 sense right
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00330-00090432-00090631 you're sitting there nodding your head
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00331-00090632-00090926 yes this makes perfect sense
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00332-00090927-00091175 what are you gonna do
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00333-00091176-00091399 next time your mind starts creating a
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00334-00091400-00091638 story are you going to remember this
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00335-00091639-00091806 talk and say
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00336-00091807-00092062 oh i'm just projecting i'm just
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00337-00092063-00092406 inventing the anxiety is created by my
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00338-00092407-00092703 own mind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00339-00092704-00092991 are you going to remember that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00340-00092992-00093279 probably not
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00341-00093280-00093471 why not
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00342-00093472-00093935 because we are so habituated
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00343-00093936-00094135 with
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00344-00094136-00094447 making ourselves anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00345-00094448-00094631 and the buzz
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00346-00094632-00094823 we get from it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00347-00094824-00095159 yeah the feeling that i exist
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00348-00095160-00095374 you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00349-00095375-00096118 that i know the future
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00350-00096119-00096335 so then
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00351-00096336-00096503 something happens we're totally
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00352-00096504-00096687 unprepared for it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00353-00096688-00096791 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00354-00096792-00097023 we can't think clearly when it happens
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00355-00097024-00097326 because we're still so anxious about it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00356-00097327-00097438 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00357-00097439-00097526 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00358-00097527-00097831 how do we deal with this anxiety yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00359-00097832-00098126 it's really a pain in the neck isn't it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00360-00098127-00098367 yeah it's really it's not to our
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00361-00098368-00098606 advantage
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00362-00098607-00098838 okay so first of all
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00363-00098839-00099079 we have to use some reasoning and logic
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00364-00099080-00099231 here okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00365-00099232-00099374 first of all
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00366-00099375-00099799 if we aren't anxious does that mean
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00367-00099800-00100111 that we will be unprepared
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00368-00100112-00100367 for this horrible future
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00369-00100368-00100687 is that true
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00370-00100688-00100974 that if you aren't anxious you will be
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00371-00100975-00101431 unprepared to handle it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00372-00101432-00101799 no that's not true
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00373-00101800-00102167 yeah in fact if you aren't anxious you
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00374-00102168-00102630 will be better prepared to handle it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00375-00102631-00102934 okay so we have to first of all we have
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00376-00102935-00103230 to start picking apart
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00377-00103231-00103534 this whole anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00378-00103535-00103902 thing that that we develop yeah so first
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00379-00103903-00104199 of all the reason we give ourselves for
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00380-00104200-00104542 why it's important to be anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00381-00104543-00104854 doesn't hold water it it isn't a good
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00382-00104855-00105083 reason
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00383-00105083-00105471 okay another oh here's another reason
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00384-00105472-00105663 why we get anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00385-00105664-00105743 is
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00386-00105744-00106183 my anxiety shows that i care
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00387-00106183-00106271 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00388-00106272-00106607 if i'm not anxious then i don't care
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00389-00106608-00107254 about other people
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00390-00107255-00107447 actually
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00391-00107448-00107623 is that true
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00392-00107624-00107902 that if you aren't anxious you don't
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00393-00107903-00108231 care
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00394-00108232-00108623 i don't think that one's true either
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00395-00108624-00109283 okay i grew up with an anxious mother
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00396-00109283-00109775 yeah did that help me growing up
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00397-00109776-00110127 no it drove me nuts
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00398-00110128-00110327 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00399-00110328-00110447 because
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00400-00110448-00110734 my mother was so afraid especially when
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00401-00110735-00111023 i was a teenager and i started going out
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00402-00111024-00111239 with my friends
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00403-00111240-00111727 i had to be home at this exact time
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00404-00111728-00112023 and if i wasn't home at that time
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00405-00112024-00112343 she would be i knew she because she told
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00406-00112344-00112607 me that she would call the police
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00407-00112608-00112751 immediately
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00408-00112752-00113054 because her daughter had been kidnapped
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00409-00113055-00113431 or her daughter had been in a fatal car
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00410-00113432-00113727 accident and those were the only two
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00411-00113728-00113966 alternatives for why i wasn't home
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00412-00113967-00114110 exactly
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00413-00114111-00114319 on the stroke of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00414-00114320-00114551 midnight or whatever it was
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00415-00114552-00114727 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00416-00114728-00114847 and so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00417-00114848-00115102 my mom thought that's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00418-00115103-00115207 how
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00419-00115208-00115439 that's what she should do as
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00420-00115440-00115919 to show her love towards her child
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00421-00115920-00116158 like i said this was not
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00422-00116159-00116454 a loving situation for me
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00423-00116455-00116751 yeah it was a nerve-wracking situation
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00424-00116752-00117023 for me because i'm having a good
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00425-00117024-00117286 conversation with my friends and i keep
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00426-00117288-00117575 on having to look at the clock because i
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00427-00117576-00117647 know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00428-00117648-00117878 if i'm gonna be late i better call my
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00429-00117879-00117999 mother
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00430-00118000-00118286 at least one minute before
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00431-00118288-00118543 you know actually five minutes before
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00432-00118544-00119086 the cut off time
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00433-00119088-00119271 so i couldn't you know it was hard to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00434-00119272-00119599 just relax being with my friends because
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00435-00119600-00119871 you know it was like my mother's anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00436-00119872-00120190 got transferred to me and then i had to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00437-00120191-00120483 sway her anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00438-00120483-00120678 by
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00439-00120679-00120775 calling
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00440-00120776-00121014 and by being nervous myself which is
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00441-00121015-00121663 ridiculous okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00442-00121664-00121847 so i grew up
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00443-00121848-00122086 thinking i do not want to be an anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00444-00122088-00122190 person
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00445-00122191-00122414 you know of course my mother said to me
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00446-00122415-00122623 just wait until you have kids then
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00447-00122624-00122839 you'll understand me
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00448-00122840-00123127 yeah so i didn't have kids
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00449-00123128-00123283 uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00450-00123283-00123654 but think about it you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00451-00123655-00124039 is anxiety an expression of care and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00452-00124040-00124351 affection and love
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00453-00124352-00124423 no
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00454-00124424-00124758 it's not
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00455-00124759-00124910 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00456-00124911-00125199 having a peaceful mind giving people
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00457-00125200-00125447 some space
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00458-00125448-00125575 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00459-00125576-00125799 trusting them
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00460-00125800-00126231 that they can manage their own lives
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00461-00126232-00126558 that is much more harmonious that is a
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00462-00126559-00126823 much better indication of care and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00463-00126824-00127483 affection for other people
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00464-00127483-00127871 okay so then so now we see what what's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00465-00127872-00128207 lying behind the anxiety yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00466-00128208-00128399 the that the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00467-00128400-00128566 the thing of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00468-00128567-00128910 it's a sign of my love and affection and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00469-00128911-00129223 it's what i need to do to be prepared
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00470-00129224-00129510 for the situation so both of those are
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00471-00129511-00129671 false
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00472-00129672-00129775 then
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00473-00129776-00129975 how do we
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00474-00129976-00130254 get involved in anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00475-00130255-00130599 we just start making up stories
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00476-00130600-00130799 you know when you when you went to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00477-00130800-00131007 school and you had to do creative
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00478-00131008-00131127 writing
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00479-00131128-00131359 yeah i don't know about you but i used
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00480-00131360-00131543 to sit there and like you know nothing
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00481-00131544-00131751 really much came to mind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00482-00131752-00132159 but when it was time to get anxious boy
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00483-00132160-00132519 we could make up all sorts of stories
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00484-00132520-00132647 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00485-00132648-00133431 and like i said they all star yo
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00486-00133432-00133751 and the stories are based on
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00487-00133752-00134014 um
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00488-00134015-00134231 projections
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00489-00134232-00134535 yeah mind reading
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00490-00134536-00134999 assumptions
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00491-00135000-00135271 okay all sorts of things that are not
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00492-00135272-00135399 true
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00493-00135400-00135639 and that have not happened
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00494-00135640-00135799 yet we
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00495-00135800-00135975 imagine them
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00496-00135976-00136087 and think
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00497-00136088-00136327 that's the that's the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00498-00136328-00136414 uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00499-00136415-00136902 fact of the situation
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00500-00136903-00137063 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00501-00137064-00137175 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00502-00137176-00137271 you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00503-00137272-00137575 in talking about how to undo this
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00504-00137576-00137895 yeah we need to kind of sit down
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00505-00137896-00138071 and and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00506-00138072-00138543 think a little bit to ourselves you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00507-00138544-00138654 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00508-00138655-00138943 anxiety doesn't prepare me
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00509-00138944-00139199 anxiety is not
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00510-00139200-00139599 a show of affection
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00511-00139600-00139927 and then take the things that each one
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00512-00139928-00140239 of them that you start projecting
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00513-00140240-00140654 and take it and say is that happening
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00514-00140655-00140871 is that happening now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00515-00140872-00140999 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00516-00141000-00141359 i get covered and by this afternoon i'm
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00517-00141360-00141483 in the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00518-00141484-00141847 icu in the hospital
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00519-00141848-00142214 you know on a ventilator
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00520-00142215-00142543 is that happening now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00521-00142544-00142702 no
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00522-00142703-00143023 i'm sitting in my home
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00523-00143024-00143166 around
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00524-00143167-00143319 healthy
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00525-00143320-00143759 safe
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00526-00143760-00144102 yeah what i'm imagining is not happening
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00527-00144103-00144287 now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00528-00144288-00144751 could it happen in the future
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00529-00144752-00144966 possible
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00530-00144967-00145407 is it likely to happen in the future
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00531-00145408-00145775 well if i'm vaccinated i have a booster
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00532-00145776-00146111 i wear a mask i don't go out to big
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00533-00146112-00146295 crowds
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00534-00146296-00146654 actually highly unlikely
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00535-00146655-00146999 yeah that it'll happen maybe on a fluke
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00536-00147000-00147207 chance but i'm doing everything to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00537-00147208-00147366 protect myself
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00538-00147367-00147799 so unlikely
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00539-00147800-00147887 if
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00540-00147888-00148014 by there
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00541-00148015-00148287 is that fluke chance and i do get
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00542-00148288-00148463 covered
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00543-00148464-00148571 is there
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00544-00148572-00148875 absolutely no
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00545-00148876-00149071 alternative
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00546-00149072-00149239 but to die
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00547-00149240-00149543 by the next day
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00548-00149544-00149719 no
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00549-00149720-00150126 yeah because i'm vaccinated boosted
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00550-00150127-00150390 even if i get it they say it's going to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00551-00150391-00150599 be a mild case
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00552-00150600-00150726 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00553-00150727-00151023 even if i wind up in the hospital
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00554-00151024-00151247 my family will come there's people who
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00555-00151248-00151471 will take care of me there's doctors and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00556-00151472-00151751 nurses there's now medicine
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00557-00151752-00152223 yeah the um in the states they the um
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00558-00152224-00152335 federal
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00559-00152336-00152551 the food and drug administration
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00560-00152552-00152935 approved a pill to treat covet so it's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00561-00152936-00153231 probably the same in in mexico and other
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00562-00153232-00153502 latin american countries so yeah there's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00563-00153503-00153711 some medicine
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00564-00153712-00153831 to take
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00565-00153832-00154083 i'll rest
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00566-00154084-00154254 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00567-00154255-00154495 so highly unlikely that i'm going to be
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00568-00154496-00154847 dead by tomorrow
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00569-00154848-00155039 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00570-00155040-00155463 yeah there are resources
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00571-00155464-00155671 that can help me
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00572-00155672-00156166 even if the one in a billion chances are
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00573-00156167-00156335 that i die
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00574-00156336-00156535 does that mean that my kids are going to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00575-00156536-00156719 be out on the street
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00576-00156720-00156883 by next
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00577-00156884-00157207 week and my parents are going to be out
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00578-00157208-00157471 on the street with them too
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00579-00157472-00157647 my whole family is going to be begging
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00580-00157648-00157919 in the street
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00581-00157920-00158283 that is even more unlikely
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00582-00158284-00158439 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00583-00158440-00158663 the family will come together my
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00584-00158664-00158919 siblings can help my kids
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00585-00158920-00159207 they can help our parents everybody will
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00586-00159208-00159526 come together they'll help the neighbors
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00587-00159527-00159766 will help there is help from the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00588-00159767-00159911 government
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00589-00159912-00160302 this is not something that i you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00590-00160303-00160526 anybody is going to have to deal with
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00591-00160527-00160647 alone
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00592-00160648-00160983 yeah there is help in our neighborhood
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00593-00160984-00161119 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00594-00161120-00161239 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00595-00161240-00161614 actually if i'm able to keep myself calm
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00596-00161615-00162054 my calm mind will help me recover
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00597-00162055-00162311 yeah because there's all sorts of stor
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00598-00162312-00162599 medical research that if you're anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00599-00162600-00162766 if you're angry
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00600-00162767-00163143 that impedes recovery if you're calm
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00601-00163144-00163375 and especially if you have a spiritual
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00602-00163376-00163495 practice
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00603-00163496-00163671 and you relax
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00604-00163672-00163975 into your spiritual practice your body
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00605-00163976-00164263 is going to heal much easier
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00606-00164264-00164535 and your mind will be calmer and more
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00607-00164536-00164878 peaceful
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00608-00164879-00165126 okay so all these things that i'm
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00609-00165127-00165287 fabricating
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00610-00165288-00165551 let's put down because
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00611-00165552-00165823 yeah there they are not reality that are
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00612-00165824-00165975 happening now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00613-00165976-00166111 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00614-00166112-00166226 this cata
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00615-00166227-00166566 catastrophic scene that i am imagining
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00616-00166567-00166943 is highly unlikely to happen
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00617-00166944-00167414 and if it does there are resources
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00618-00167415-00167502 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00619-00167503-00167766 and so then you remember you're still
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00620-00167767-00168023 sitting there in your home
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00621-00168024-00168271 yeah and your kids are there and they're
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00622-00168272-00168590 playing your parents are coming over for
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00623-00168591-00168807 dinner and they're fine
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00624-00168808-00169014 and you just sit there
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00625-00169015-00169119 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00626-00169120-00169319 you know you've done this mental
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00627-00169320-00169495 examination
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00628-00169496-00169711 and you say okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00629-00169712-00169975 none of that is happening now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00630-00169976-00170095 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00631-00170096-00170399 i want to enjoy the present moment with
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00632-00170400-00170702 my kids with my parents
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00633-00170703-00171095 with my spiritual practice
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00634-00171096-00171375 i want to enjoy that now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00635-00171376-00171575 and relax
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00636-00171576-00171966 and make my life beneficial for others
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00637-00171967-00172319 by reaching out and helping others who
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00638-00172320-00172751 are adversely affected by covet
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00639-00172752-00173102 okay so you change the situation
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00640-00173103-00173519 instead of the horror story about me
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00641-00173520-00173878 you make it a story of where i can
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00642-00173879-00174214 actually give something to other people
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00643-00174215-00174551 who are in need of help at this moment
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00644-00174552-00174871 and then that makes your mind happy
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00645-00174872-00175023 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00646-00175024-00175207 you know because when we help others we
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00647-00175208-00175543 do feel happy much happier than when we
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00648-00175544-00175790 work ourselves up
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00649-00175791-00176199 into some distraught fearful uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00650-00176200-00176614 situation
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00651-00176615-00176919 okay but we have to work at this
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00652-00176920-00177071 because
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00653-00177072-00177295 our our habit
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00654-00177296-00177526 of getting anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00655-00177527-00177695 of panicking
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00656-00177696-00177807 of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00657-00177808-00178078 worrying of getting fearful we have a
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00658-00178079-00178399 very strong habit in that direction
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00659-00178400-00178711 so to overcome that we can't just say oh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00660-00178712-00178935 i shouldn't be like that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00661-00178936-00179263 yeah we have to really sit down and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00662-00179264-00179463 again and again
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00663-00179464-00179671 go through
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00664-00179672-00179943 you know what i just described in our
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00665-00179944-00180126 own minds
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00666-00180127-00180407 you know to again and again see
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00667-00180408-00180823 that the anxiety is not necessary it's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00668-00180824-00181143 not helpful it doesn't
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00669-00181144-00181302 help me
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00670-00181303-00181559 and it doesn't show love towards other
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00671-00181560-00181751 people in fact
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00672-00181752-00182366 it annoys them
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00673-00182367-00182551 so you have to go over it again and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00674-00182552-00182638 again
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00675-00182639-00182863 and then create
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00676-00182864-00182951 a
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00677-00182952-00183223 new image for yourself
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00678-00183224-00183551 which is an image of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00679-00183552-00183766 you know if things happen in your
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00680-00183767-00184014 community or in your family
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00681-00184015-00184254 that you can be of service
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00682-00184255-00184535 and you can be helpful to others
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00683-00184536-00184614 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00684-00184615-00184911 you're so much more helpful when you're
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00685-00184912-00185038 calm
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00686-00185039-00185471 than when you're all worked up
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00687-00185472-00185878 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00688-00185879-00186283 so you can make up many other examples
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00689-00186284-00186438 of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00690-00186439-00186743 for yourself
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00691-00186744-00186983 and uh i want to make i want to tell you
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00692-00186984-00187183 another story uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00693-00187184-00187295 of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00694-00187296-00187487 my anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00695-00187488-00187759 which i am doing much better with
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00696-00187760-00187943 but
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00697-00187944-00188550 how anxiety can sometimes lead to anger
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00698-00188551-00188838 which can lead to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00699-00188839-00189126 quarreling with the people you care the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00700-00189127-00189414 most about
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00701-00189415-00189575 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00702-00189576-00189678 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00703-00189679-00189926 i use and you see this kind of thing
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00704-00189927-00190183 happening in families
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00705-00190184-00190319 all the time
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00706-00190320-00190487 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00707-00190488-00190726 one person getting anxious about what
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00708-00190727-00190926 another person is doing and the other
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00709-00190927-00191031 person
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00710-00191032-00191326 you know getting mad leave me alone stop
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00711-00191327-00191543 laying trips on me stop bossing me
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00712-00191544-00191799 around stop telling me what to do and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00713-00191800-00191990 then the first person saying but i'm
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00714-00191991-00192190 just trying to help you
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00715-00192191-00192343 you know and the other person is saying
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00716-00192344-00192583 no you're not you're just anxious be
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00717-00192584-00192983 quiet leave me alone and then
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00718-00192984-00193119 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00719-00193120-00193283 i'm sure you know the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00720-00193284-00193702 script okay so mine is my example my
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00721-00193703-00193950 story isn't a family situation but it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00722-00193951-00194214 was with with a good friend
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00723-00194215-00194359 and uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00724-00194360-00194559 my friend
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00725-00194560-00194663 was
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00726-00194664-00195007 he had a car that was borrowed from
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00727-00195008-00195263 another friend of you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00728-00195264-00195590 our other friend had gone to indry india
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00729-00195591-00195919 had loaned his car to my friend
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00730-00195920-00196023 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00731-00196024-00196223 and it was a very good car it was a
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00732-00196224-00196478 volvo there was just one problem that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00733-00196479-00196671 the hood didn't stay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00734-00196672-00196966 hooked down so it was you know he had to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00735-00196967-00197190 chain it down but otherwise the car was
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00736-00197191-00197366 in good condition
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00737-00197367-00197566 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00738-00197567-00197750 my friend worked
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00739-00197751-00197895 several about
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00740-00197896-00198175 three hours away from where i lived and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00741-00198176-00198359 he was going to come up
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00742-00198360-00198631 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00743-00198632-00198895 you know it was like i'll be there i'd
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00744-00198896-00199063 have to forget what time let's say it's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00745-00199064-00199407 five o'clock he said i'll be there by 5.
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00746-00199408-00199663 okay so i'm ready
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00747-00199664-00200063 expecting he's not coming he's not there
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00748-00200064-00200283 5 15. he's not
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00749-00200284-00200687 there well there must have been traffic
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00750-00200688-00201150 5 30. he's still not there
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00751-00201151-00201366 oh maybe there was an accident on the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00752-00201367-00201687 highway
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00753-00201688-00201847 six o'clock
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00754-00201848-00202350 he's an hour late what's the story
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00755-00202351-00202743 6 30 he's not there
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00756-00202744-00202926 what happened
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00757-00202927-00203111 i'm not going to be like my mother i am
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00758-00203112-00203575 not calling the police
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00759-00203576-00203831 i wonder what happened to him
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00760-00203832-00203935 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00761-00203936-00204271 so sit down read a book
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00762-00204272-00204526 yeah i think he came maybe around seven
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00763-00204527-00204678 o'clock
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00764-00204679-00204894 these were in the days this was a long
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00765-00204896-00205262 time ago so nobody had cell phone
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00766-00205263-00205479 you know cell phones in these days so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00767-00205480-00205855 there's no way he was going to call me
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00768-00205856-00206327 finally he arrives two hours late yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00769-00206328-00206646 i i i was anxious you know but what
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00770-00206648-00207031 happened he walks in the door
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00771-00207032-00207279 hi what happened
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00772-00207280-00207366 oh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00773-00207367-00207606 i was driving on the highway
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00774-00207607-00208175 and the hood flew up
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00775-00208176-00208310 what
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00776-00208311-00208527 you were driving on the highway and the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00777-00208528-00208871 hood flew up didn't you
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00778-00208871-00209062 use that chain
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00779-00209063-00209158 to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00780-00209159-00209414 secure it before you got in on the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00781-00209415-00209566 highway
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00782-00209567-00209775 and he said
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00783-00209776-00209982 he had some reason he forgot or
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00784-00209983-00210263 something
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00785-00210264-00210455 so you're driving
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00786-00210456-00210758 65 miles an hour
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00787-00210759-00211006 and the hood flew up
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00788-00211007-00211255 in front of your windshield
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00789-00211256-00211454 uh yes
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00790-00211455-00211598 [Music]
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00791-00211600-00211871 and uh you know i had to pull off on the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00792-00211871-00212134 side of the road
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00793-00212135-00212415 and i'm going
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00794-00212416-00212542 i
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00795-00212544-00212910 we know i got really mad at this point
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00796-00212911-00213246 i said our other friend told us that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00797-00213248-00213503 this happens that you've got to secure
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00798-00213504-00213575 it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00799-00213576-00213919 why can't you remember to secure it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00800-00213919-00214023 you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00801-00214023-00214263 this is outrageous
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00802-00214264-00214558 you know and couldn't you at least you
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00803-00214559-00214646 know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00804-00214648-00214863 find one of those
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00805-00214864-00215110 things and found some way to call and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00806-00215111-00215494 say you were late and this is you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00807-00215496-00215694 i was furious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00808-00215696-00216055 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00809-00216056-00216367 so obviously the evening did not go very
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00810-00216367-00216494 well
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00811-00216496-00216671 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00812-00216671-00216894 there was not a very nice
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00813-00216896-00217710 ambiance between the two of us
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00814-00217711-00217846 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00815-00217848-00218015 you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00816-00218016-00218158 why
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00817-00218159-00218446 well i had gotten anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00818-00218448-00218903 and then i my anxiety made me get mad
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00819-00218904-00219215 and then i started accusing him and of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00820-00219216-00219534 course you know once like okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00821-00219535-00219767 you know you forgot to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00822-00219767-00219927 chain down the hood
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00823-00219928-00220198 and last week you forgot to do this and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00824-00220200-00220415 the week before you could you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00825-00220416-00220591 okay because it was it was somebody he
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00826-00220592-00220791 was also a colleague so i was working
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00827-00220792-00220934 with him a lot
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00828-00220935-00221271 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00829-00221271-00221542 you know for what
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00830-00221544-00221703 for what
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00831-00221704-00221991 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00832-00221992-00222367 well if i hadn't got him anxious then i
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00833-00222367-00222487 may never
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00834-00222488-00222663 what happened if he didn't
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00835-00222664-00222879 arrive at seven o'clock what happened if
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00836-00222880-00223142 he never turned up i needed to be
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00837-00223144-00223279 anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00838-00223280-00223391 so that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00839-00223392-00223606 i would know what to do if something
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00840-00223607-00223951 actually did happen to him
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00841-00223952-00224263 you know ridiculous way of thinking
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00842-00224264-00224487 totally ridiculous
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00843-00224488-00224991 yeah and it caused a quarrel
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00844-00224992-00225303 so better just you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00845-00225304-00225719 reality is what reality is right now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00846-00225719-00225927 here in the moment
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00847-00225928-00226087 why
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00848-00226088-00226431 get upset about something that hasn't
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00849-00226432-00226751 happened yet
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00850-00226752-00226839 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00851-00226840-00227263 because that's basically what anxiety is
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00852-00227264-00227423 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00853-00227423-00227551 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00854-00227552-00227758 uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00855-00227759-00228031 so keep going back
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00856-00228032-00228198 you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00857-00228200-00228342 looking
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00858-00228344-00228615 and take out situations from the past
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00859-00228616-00228806 where you got anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00860-00228807-00229087 and go through these steps of checking
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00861-00229088-00229423 why the anxiety was not necessary the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00862-00229423-00229734 harmful effects of the anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00863-00229735-00229839 and then
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00864-00229840-00230079 you know at the end as you're reflecting
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00865-00230080-00230382 on this come back to just
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00866-00230383-00230671 sitting there and enjoying what is
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00867-00230671-00230879 happening right now
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00868-00230880-00231415 enjoy the peace enjoy the safety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00869-00231416-00231671 and know that you have a kind heart and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00870-00231671-00231951 that you can help others
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00871-00231952-00232094 if you wonder
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00872-00232096-00232303 how to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00873-00232304-00232542 come back to a peaceful mind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00874-00232544-00232751 instead of getting angry instead of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00875-00232752-00232982 getting anxious and then getting angry
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00876-00232983-00233119 or whatever
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00877-00233119-00233391 it's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00878-00233392-00233703 by practicing what i was talking about
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00879-00233704-00233855 asking yourself
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00880-00233856-00233934 if
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00881-00233935-00234287 there's any benefits to an anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00882-00234288-00234519 you know and seeing that there's none
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00883-00234519-00234710 and especially i think it's very helpful
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00884-00234711-00234951 to take out situations
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00885-00234952-00235255 in the past where you got anxious a real
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00886-00235256-00235631 live situation yeah because that helps
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00887-00235632-00235751 and then
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00888-00235752-00235982 dissecting it and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00889-00235983-00236263 also not only seeing the disadvantages
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00890-00236264-00236455 of it but
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00891-00236456-00236710 go step by step and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00892-00236711-00237103 watch how your mind is projecting
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00893-00237104-00237206 you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00894-00237207-00237575 watch how your mind is misin
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00895-00237576-00237831 interpreting this situation
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00896-00237832-00238231 and making it into this horrific thing
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00897-00238232-00238334 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00898-00238335-00238582 through all the projections that you're
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00899-00238583-00238734 putting on it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00900-00238735-00238879 watch how
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00901-00238880-00239103 after you've created this
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00902-00239104-00239423 you know horrific story how you then get
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00903-00239423-00239831 anxious how the anxiety leads to anger
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00904-00239832-00239991 or whatever
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00905-00239992-00240103 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00906-00240104-00240334 so that that's the way go through this
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00907-00240335-00240503 process
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00908-00240504-00240606 also
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00909-00240607-00240879 another tip because sometimes we're so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00910-00240880-00241103 habituated to being anxious that we
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00911-00241104-00241303 don't even notice it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00912-00241304-00241382 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00913-00241383-00241751 another thing is to develop an awareness
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00914-00241752-00242182 of of your body yeah when you start to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00915-00242183-00242282 feel
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00916-00242283-00242487 anxious yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00917-00242488-00242639 watch
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00918-00242640-00242871 what is going on in your body because
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00919-00242871-00243255 that can give you
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00920-00243256-00243558 signals ahead of time to let you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00921-00243559-00243903 you're becoming anxious okay so let's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00922-00243904-00244151 you know what are some
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00923-00244152-00244446 signals that you can get when
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00924-00244448-00244679 you're beginning to become anxious if
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00925-00244680-00245015 you're mindful of your body okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00926-00245016-00245455 you'll notice that you're getting tight
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00927-00245456-00245598 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00928-00245600-00245839 your your muscles get tight
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00929-00245840-00245942 don't they
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00930-00245944-00246279 yeah sometimes it's your jaw
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00931-00246280-00246358 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00932-00246359-00246663 as if this tight jaw is going to fight
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00933-00246664-00246919 off the horrible thing you're anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00934-00246919-00247046 about
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00935-00247048-00247239 yeah your muscle
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00936-00247240-00247510 muscles get tight when you're
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00937-00247511-00247855 when the anxiety starts to go into worry
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00938-00247856-00247982 and fear
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00939-00247983-00248375 your stomach gets tight
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00940-00248376-00248855 okay you may get a headache
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00941-00248856-00249151 yeah or you may even feel faint
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00942-00249152-00249330 people are going to have different
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00943-00249331-00249575 physiological reactions
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00944-00249576-00249910 but you know watch and be aware
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00945-00249911-00250191 of what's going on in your body
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00946-00250192-00250455 when anxiety starts
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00947-00250456-00250582 coming up
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00948-00250583-00250751 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00949-00250752-00251046 watch what's going on in your mind when
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00950-00251048-00251351 anxiety starts because if you can
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00951-00251352-00251671 catch the anxiety when it's small
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00952-00251671-00251903 you can remember that it has nothing to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00953-00251904-00252246 do with reality and like say i'm putting
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00954-00252248-00252358 it down
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00955-00252359-00252655 okay once the anxiety is bigger it's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00956-00252656-00252863 much more difficult
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00957-00252864-00253063 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00958-00253064-00253303 but when it's still small
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00959-00253304-00253503 if you recognize it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00960-00253504-00253823 you can you know come sit down it's very
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00961-00253823-00254134 good to come back to your breath
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00962-00254135-00254342 at the beginning when you're anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00963-00254344-00254487 your breath
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00964-00254488-00254703 your breathing pattern changes
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00965-00254704-00254934 sometimes it's faster
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00966-00254935-00255503 and it's shallower
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00967-00255504-00255655 you know when we're fearful our
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00968-00255656-00255951 breathing changes yeah even before it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00969-00255952-00256239 gets to fear when it's just anxiety
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00970-00256240-00256479 there's tightness we don't breathe from
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00971-00256480-00256727 our belly we're breathing from our upper
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00972-00256728-00257023 chest so our breath is shorter
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00973-00257023-00257198 it's quicker
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00974-00257200-00257575 it's tenser yeah so if you notice that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00975-00257576-00257703 happening
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00976-00257704-00257846 sit down
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00977-00257848-00257951 and then
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00978-00257952-00258119 deliberately
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00979-00258119-00258575 but very gradually and very slowly
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00980-00258576-00258806 just start to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00981-00258807-00259151 make your breath a little bit longer
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00982-00259152-00259255 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00983-00259256-00259430 so you're not trying to change your
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00984-00259431-00259671 breathing pattern like this
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00985-00259671-00259887 from going
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00986-00259888-00260046 to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00987-00260048-00260279 you know very long slow breaths because
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00988-00260280-00260487 you can't change it that quickly
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00989-00260488-00260775 but try just to slow it down a little
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00990-00260776-00260863 bit
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00991-00260864-00261175 you know and then gradually over time
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00992-00261176-00261455 you know remember that your belly needs
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00993-00261456-00261742 to go out when you inhale so really try
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00994-00261744-00262006 and bring the breath down here to your
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00995-00262007-00262263 belly
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00996-00262264-00262519 and if you do that that that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00997-00262520-00262879 breathing that is slower and is deeper
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00998-00262880-00263271 automatically helps your mind calm down
+hW6QUIS2tC4-00999-00263272-00263479 okay because the breath and the mind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01000-00263480-00263719 affect each other
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01001-00263720-00263982 so that's another thing to do
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01002-00263983-00264319 is to sit down and just breathe
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01003-00264320-00264575 but not the short
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01004-00264576-00264839 anxious breaths from up here
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01005-00264840-00265182 but transition slowly gradually to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01006-00265183-00265495 deeper breaths from your belly
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01007-00265496-00265855 you might also wonder
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01008-00265856-00266230 if there is a role for planning that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01009-00266231-00266582 would help you avoid getting anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01010-00266583-00266703 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01011-00266704-00266855 yes
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01012-00266856-00266951 first
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01013-00266952-00267023 if
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01014-00267024-00267303 you have to sit and really think is the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01015-00267304-00267606 situation likely to happen if there is
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01016-00267607-00267863 some likelihood for a situation to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01017-00267864-00267975 happen
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01018-00267976-00268110 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01019-00268111-00268263 for example
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01020-00268264-00268423 we all know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01021-00268424-00268575 that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01022-00268576-00269079 some time or another in our lives
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01023-00269080-00269382 we're going to get old and we won't be
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01024-00269383-00269558 able to work
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01025-00269559-00269767 if you live that long yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01026-00269768-00270023 we know that sometime in our life we're
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01027-00270024-00270327 going to get sick
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01028-00270328-00270519 um because that's the nature of our
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01029-00270520-00270630 lives
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01030-00270631-00270934 yeah so or somebody we know will get
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01031-00270935-00271327 sick somebody we know will will get old
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01032-00271328-00271399 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01033-00271400-00271655 we know that kind of thing it will
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01034-00271656-00271967 happen sometime or another in our lives
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01035-00271968-00272382 so we can think of okay when that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01036-00272383-00272630 happens what do i do
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01037-00272631-00272934 yeah so that's one of the reasons why we
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01038-00272935-00273071 save money
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01039-00273072-00273343 because we may need it for that rainy
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01040-00273344-00273447 day
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01041-00273448-00273767 when we get old or we get sick so having
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01042-00273768-00274134 some savings is good so then instead of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01043-00274135-00274263 going out
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01044-00274264-00274558 and spending a lot of money uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01045-00274559-00274863 you know on frivolous things you become
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01046-00274864-00275191 more mindful of how you spend money and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01047-00275192-00275455 you make sure that you have a nest egg
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01048-00275456-00275751 and you save some money so that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01049-00275752-00275975 you know if somebody gets sick
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01050-00275976-00276255 when you know you're too old to work
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01051-00276256-00276471 that there's some savings
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01052-00276472-00276791 yeah so you make a plan because that's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01053-00276792-00277134 something that is is likely to happen
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01054-00277135-00277358 or well for sure it's going to happen if
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01055-00277359-00277519 you live that long
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01056-00277520-00277606 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01057-00277607-00277703 so it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01058-00277704-00277999 also if it if it's
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01059-00278000-00278343 a realistic in uh situation that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01060-00278344-00278582 actually could happen and you have a
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01061-00278583-00278743 plan for it
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01062-00278744-00278919 then
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01063-00278920-00279303 you don't need to become so anxious
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01064-00279304-00279775 another example is at the abbey
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01065-00279776-00279895 we live
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01066-00279896-00280158 in the midst of forest
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01067-00280159-00280247 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01068-00280248-00280510 in the summer it can get very hot here
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01069-00280511-00280791 like this last summer we had really hot
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01070-00280792-00280934 temperatures
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01071-00280935-00281295 and uh in recent years there have been
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01072-00281296-00281503 many forest fires
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01073-00281504-00281671 in the area
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01074-00281672-00281815 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01075-00281816-00282063 what we've done in our community of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01076-00282064-00282334 people is we have a whole plan
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01077-00282335-00282615 for if there is a fire
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01078-00282616-00282695 and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01079-00282696-00283055 you know what we do so there's a plan if
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01080-00283056-00283310 there's the fire far away
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01081-00283311-00283663 and we may have to evacuate we start
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01082-00283664-00284030 getting ready for evacuation we know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01083-00284031-00284319 where the important papers are in the in
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01084-00284320-00284447 the abbey
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01085-00284448-00284551 um
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01086-00284552-00284895 you know we store things also somewhere
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01087-00284896-00285143 else with friends and in case there's a
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01088-00285144-00285279 fire here
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01089-00285280-00285423 uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01090-00285424-00285727 you know we have things arranged yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01091-00285728-00285975 then we know that if the fire is coming
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01092-00285976-00286295 closer and there's a warning by the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01093-00286296-00286582 county that we may have to evacuate
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01094-00286583-00286799 we pack our bags
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01095-00286800-00287158 you know and not a big bag a small bag
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01096-00287159-00287430 you know and then we make sure that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01097-00287431-00287767 there's cell phones because uh there
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01098-00287768-00288047 will be several cars we make sure that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01099-00288048-00288167 the keys
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01100-00288168-00288351 to the cars are in a place where
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01101-00288352-00288463 everybody
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01102-00288464-00288687 knows where they are that the cell
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01103-00288688-00288999 phones are in the car that people's bags
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01104-00289000-00289463 are packed so that then uh when
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01105-00289464-00289543 if
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01106-00289544-00289839 it comes that we have to evacuate you
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01107-00289840-00290039 know everybody has their
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01108-00290040-00290319 toothpaste and a change of clothes and
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01109-00290320-00290606 they're important papers or whatever we
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01110-00290607-00290863 know who's going in what car we have
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01111-00290864-00291182 cell phones and you know we don't need
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01112-00291183-00291534 to get all tense about it it's planned
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01113-00291535-00291991 out already what we'll do
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01114-00291992-00292291 okay so having plans for those kind of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01115-00292292-00292471 circumstances is
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01116-00292472-00292671 is quite good
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01117-00292672-00293127 yeah um we also live in an area where
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01118-00293128-00293471 when uh the electricity can go out uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01119-00293472-00293758 sometimes during snowstorms
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01120-00293759-00293951 more during wind
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01121-00293952-00294247 when the wind is really blowing hard
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01122-00294248-00294334 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01123-00294335-00294647 we've made sure that in all the major
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01124-00294648-00294958 rooms there are lanterns electric
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01125-00294959-00295310 lanterns uh they are
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01126-00295311-00295582 recharged every month
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01127-00295583-00295671 yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01128-00295672-00296023 and uh they're in every room
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01129-00296024-00296167 you know we have
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01130-00296168-00296575 plans laid out we have extra heaters
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01131-00296576-00296799 and so on you know
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01132-00296800-00297158 um we have well the big plan is we have
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01133-00297159-00297391 generators yeah
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01134-00297392-00297695 that can uh you know produce some
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01135-00297696-00297982 electricity if our electricity goes out
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01136-00297983-00298351 they won't
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01137-00298352-00298623 light up and heat everything but the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01138-00298624-00298910 important rooms and the important places
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01139-00298911-00299103 you know so that if it's in the middle
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01140-00299104-00299406 of winter people are not going to freeze
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01141-00299407-00299647 okay so these kinds of things you make
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01142-00299648-00299934 plans in in
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01143-00299935-00300206 you know to just deal with things like
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01144-00300207-00300630 that so that you aren't caught off guard
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01145-00300631-00301039 another way to prepare for things uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01146-00301040-00301239 that may happen
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01147-00301240-00301319 is
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01148-00301320-00301654 to uh learn first aid
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01149-00301655-00301934 so for example in our community one of
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01150-00301935-00302351 our nuns uh every year has a first aid
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01151-00302352-00302679 class and she reviews with us all the
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01152-00302680-00302903 steps for somebody is
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01153-00302904-00303215 injured and bleeding if they
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01154-00303216-00303454 fall down if they have a heart attack if
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01155-00303455-00303751 they have a stroke so if everybody knows
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01156-00303752-00303919 some first aid
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01157-00303920-00304271 then when a situation happens
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01158-00304272-00304463 you know we know somebody around will
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01159-00304464-00304606 know what to do
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01160-00304607-00304854 yeah first thing is you call 9-1-1
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01161-00304855-00305239 emergency
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01162-00305240-00305454 so you know somebody around knows what
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01163-00305455-00305799 to do yeah and that you know what to do
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01164-00305800-00306071 if somebody around you uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01165-00306072-00306319 you know is ill or injured
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01166-00306320-00306703 so that's very helpful to do also i
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01167-00306704-00306999 think in emergency situations
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01168-00307000-00307127 i found
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01169-00307128-00307479 that i i have an idea of what i can do
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01170-00307480-00307695 and what i can't do
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01171-00307696-00307799 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01172-00307800-00307887 so
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01173-00307888-00308103 uh
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01174-00308104-00308334 there are some things that i can do to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01175-00308335-00308454 physically
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01176-00308455-00308751 help the person in an emergency
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01177-00308752-00308991 and there are other things that i cannot
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01178-00308992-00309247 do for example if i'm on
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01179-00309248-00309551 the site of a car crash
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01180-00309552-00309815 and somebody's stuck in a car i don't
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01181-00309816-00310087 have the tools or the knowledge to go
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01182-00310088-00310343 extract them from the car we have to
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01183-00310344-00310487 wait for
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01184-00310488-00310799 you know the emergency services to come
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01185-00310800-00310887 but
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01186-00310888-00311327 what i can do is i can make prayers
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01187-00311328-00311630 if i'm close to the person
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01188-00311631-00311927 you know i can say things to them that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01189-00311928-00312079 will help them
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01190-00312080-00312375 relax their mind so there are ways that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01191-00312376-00312615 i can help
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01192-00312616-00312799 and then there are ways that i can't
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01193-00312800-00313023 help but if i know which way i can help
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01194-00313024-00313206 in which way i can't
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01195-00313207-00313534 then i won't get all nervous
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01196-00313535-00313767 if there's an emergency i'll do what i
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01197-00313768-00314006 can do and hope there's other people
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01198-00314007-00314223 around who can do the other things that
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01199-00314224-00314639 i can't do
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01200-00314640-00314734 okay
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01201-00314735-00314887 so with this
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01202-00314888-00315095 we'll close the talk
+hW6QUIS2tC4-01203-00315096-00315611 and i thank you all very much
+hXDi4YIohWk-00000-00000029-00000214 foreign
+hXDi4YIohWk-00002-00005077-00006026 [Music]
+hXDi4YIohWk-00003-00006027-00006383 [Music]
+hXDi4YIohWk-00004-00006384-00007928 foreign
+hXDi4YIohWk-00009-00031224-00032196 [Music]
+hXDi4YIohWk-00010-00032197-00032356 you make money
+hXDi4YIohWk-00011-00032357-00032805 [Music]
+hY67ESCDKwo-00000-00000000-00000254 religion is a blank spot religion is a
+hY67ESCDKwo-00001-00000254-00000494 blank spot in development we never
+hY67ESCDKwo-00002-00000495-00000716 discovered religion as a source of
+hY67ESCDKwo-00003-00000717-00000944 values for a value driven development
+hY67ESCDKwo-00004-00000944-00001141 approach which the sustainability
+hY67ESCDKwo-00005-00001142-00001439 approach is sustainability is a valued
+hY67ESCDKwo-00006-00001440-00001702 term in itself and this is the inside in
+hY67ESCDKwo-00007-00001703-00001889 the ministry that this blank spot needs
+hY67ESCDKwo-00008-00001889-00002260 to be filled with the spirit with the
+hY67ESCDKwo-00009-00002261-00002527 concrete contributions from religions to
+hY67ESCDKwo-00010-00002528-00002750 sustainable development this is why we
+hY67ESCDKwo-00011-00002751-00003091 invited bunny and a lot of other key key
+hY67ESCDKwo-00012-00003092-00003401 players from religions and from their
+hY67ESCDKwo-00013-00003402-00003740 prospective perspectives to give us
+hY67ESCDKwo-00014-00003740-00004147 their insight on the 5 p's as Kofi s ban
+hY67ESCDKwo-00015-00004148-00004497 ki-moon calls them people planet
+hY67ESCDKwo-00016-00004498-00004847 prosperity peace and partnership but now
+hY67ESCDKwo-00017-00004848-00005120 what does partnership mean we have to
+hY67ESCDKwo-00018-00005121-00005354 listen and we have to come on an eye to
+hY67ESCDKwo-00019-00005355-00005633 eye level discussion and exchange if we
+hY67ESCDKwo-00020-00005634-00005858 want to achieve a new quality in this
+hY67ESCDKwo-00021-00005859-00006086 partnership and this is the second big
+hY67ESCDKwo-00022-00006087-00006275 insight in this ministry this
+hY67ESCDKwo-00023-00006276-00006587 partnership will only be successful if
+hY67ESCDKwo-00024-00006588-00006980 we involve them all and this means for
+hY67ESCDKwo-00025-00006981-00007228 us eighty eight out of ten world
+hY67ESCDKwo-00026-00007229-00007498 population define themselves why are
+hY67ESCDKwo-00027-00007500-00007789 there all religious orientation and if
+hY67ESCDKwo-00028-00007790-00008153 we miss that out then we will lack one
+hY67ESCDKwo-00029-00008154-00008371 of the most important powers of change
+hY67ESCDKwo-00030-00008372-00008702 and that is religious orientation the
+hY67ESCDKwo-00031-00008703-00008858 religious community faith-based
+hY67ESCDKwo-00032-00008859-00009056 organizations along with civil society
+hY67ESCDKwo-00033-00009057-00009274 and governments have been in this
+hY67ESCDKwo-00034-00009275-00009506 process for the past two and a half
+hY67ESCDKwo-00035-00009507-00009851 years leading up to the big summit that
+hY67ESCDKwo-00036-00009852-00010178 ushered in agenda 2030 so it's only
+hY67ESCDKwo-00037-00010179-00010513 natural that the religious communities
+hY67ESCDKwo-00038-00010514-00010751 the faith-based organizations will
+hY67ESCDKwo-00039-00010752-00010949 continue to work with governments and
+hY67ESCDKwo-00040-00010950-00011201 civil society alike and the United
+hY67ESCDKwo-00041-00011202-00011555 Nations to look to ensure that the
+hY67ESCDKwo-00042-00011556-00011798 implementation of agenda 2030 is
+hY67ESCDKwo-00043-00011799-00012046 successful because it behooves all of us
+hY67ESCDKwo-00044-00012047-00012419 to ensure its success religions have the
+hY67ESCDKwo-00045-00012420-00012701 power to inspire and I think governments
+hY67ESCDKwo-00046-00012702-00012938 and leaders like you lee have recognized
+hY67ESCDKwo-00047-00012938-00013229 that power that religious organizations
+hY67ESCDKwo-00048-00013230-00013299 have
+hY67ESCDKwo-00049-00013300-00013599 it's not only for implementation and
+hY67ESCDKwo-00050-00013600-00013904 implementing partners as the UN has used
+hY67ESCDKwo-00051-00013905-00014187 religious organizations to help with
+hY67ESCDKwo-00052-00014188-00014369 service providing up until this point
+hY67ESCDKwo-00053-00014371-00014859 but I think organizations like unfpa the
+hY67ESCDKwo-00054-00014860-00015351 German GI Z and others are realizing how
+hY67ESCDKwo-00055-00015352-00015672 important it is to work with religious
+hY67ESCDKwo-00056-00015672-00015954 organizations religious leaders to give
+hY67ESCDKwo-00057-00015955-00016269 the inspiration to you know commute the
+hY67ESCDKwo-00058-00016269-00016446 community at large but also to the
+hY67ESCDKwo-00059-00016447-00016671 government's to do the right thing to
+hY67ESCDKwo-00060-00016672-00016908 rise to the level where you know we can
+hY67ESCDKwo-00061-00016909-00017208 work together to inspire the community
+hY67ESCDKwo-00062-00017209-00017583 to achieve these goals
+ha89sfisYE0-00000-00000624-00000774 emily is the director and principal
+ha89sfisYE0-00001-00000775-00001239 lawyer at komhar group on australia um
+ha89sfisYE0-00002-00001240-00001511 compound group um sorry an
+ha89sfisYE0-00003-00001512-00001671 australian-based legal and policy
+ha89sfisYE0-00004-00001672-00001871 advisory firm she is a climate change
+ha89sfisYE0-00005-00001872-00002063 and environmental law specialist with
+ha89sfisYE0-00006-00002064-00002255 extensive experience in land use and
+ha89sfisYE0-00007-00002256-00002359 development
+ha89sfisYE0-00008-00002360-00002526 environmental and social impact
+ha89sfisYE0-00009-00002527-00002718 assessments native title
+ha89sfisYE0-00010-00002719-00002950 environmental markets climate resilience
+ha89sfisYE0-00011-00002951-00003047 incentives
+ha89sfisYE0-00012-00003048-00003327 and renewable development projects emily
+ha89sfisYE0-00013-00003328-00003535 comes very highly recommended
+ha89sfisYE0-00014-00003536-00003838 i've heard her name dropped in multiple
+ha89sfisYE0-00015-00003839-00004111 occasions in multiple meetings and a
+ha89sfisYE0-00016-00004112-00004238 number of people said
+ha89sfisYE0-00017-00004239-00004383 that they were very excited to see her
+ha89sfisYE0-00018-00004384-00004599 come today so not to build you up too
+ha89sfisYE0-00019-00004600-00004711 much emily sorry
+ha89sfisYE0-00020-00004712-00004935 um she plans to help explain what the
+ha89sfisYE0-00021-00004936-00005022 role of carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00022-00005023-00005263 what a carbon broker is what happens in
+ha89sfisYE0-00023-00005264-00005438 the event of a carbon deficit
+ha89sfisYE0-00024-00005439-00005583 at the end of a contract which is
+ha89sfisYE0-00025-00005584-00005702 something i think we all need to
+ha89sfisYE0-00026-00005703-00005815 understand
+ha89sfisYE0-00027-00005816-00006015 and the legalities around brokers what
+ha89sfisYE0-00028-00006016-00006143 to watch out for
+ha89sfisYE0-00029-00006144-00006383 from a rangelands perspective so emily
+ha89sfisYE0-00030-00006384-00006583 i'll hand it over to you you have um
+ha89sfisYE0-00031-00006584-00006703 we're going to
+ha89sfisYE0-00032-00006704-00006934 try and wrap up at around 11 25 and have
+ha89sfisYE0-00033-00006936-00007119 a break
+ha89sfisYE0-00034-00007120-00007510 no worries i'll uh try and multitask
+ha89sfisYE0-00035-00007511-00007959 um and get uh get my slideshow
+ha89sfisYE0-00036-00007959-00008239 up and running can you see that screen
+ha89sfisYE0-00037-00008240-00008614 at your end
+ha89sfisYE0-00038-00008615-00008935 hoping hoping that's a yes interrupt me
+ha89sfisYE0-00039-00008936-00009014 if you
+ha89sfisYE0-00040-00009015-00009239 if you can't see my covering slide there
+ha89sfisYE0-00041-00009240-00009423 and and thanks for that
+ha89sfisYE0-00042-00009424-00009710 um very lovely introduction it's pleased
+ha89sfisYE0-00043-00009711-00009791 to be with you
+ha89sfisYE0-00044-00009792-00010095 virtually similar to dean
+ha89sfisYE0-00045-00010096-00010391 our our travel is uh officially
+ha89sfisYE0-00046-00010392-00010606 prevented from coming across at my home
+ha89sfisYE0-00047-00010607-00010727 in melbourne
+ha89sfisYE0-00048-00010728-00010878 to you all in south australia and port
+ha89sfisYE0-00049-00010879-00011087 augusta
+ha89sfisYE0-00050-00011088-00011310 but i'm looking forward to today's
+ha89sfisYE0-00051-00011311-00011559 discussion carbon and climate change are
+ha89sfisYE0-00052-00011560-00011935 among my favorite topics so um it'll be
+ha89sfisYE0-00053-00011936-00012223 a pleasure to keep discussing here and
+ha89sfisYE0-00054-00012224-00012327 also on the panel
+ha89sfisYE0-00055-00012328-00012503 with you and and i'm really looking
+ha89sfisYE0-00056-00012504-00012623 forward to that because it's nice to
+ha89sfisYE0-00057-00012624-00012703 hear
+ha89sfisYE0-00058-00012704-00012871 about the issues and questions that you
+ha89sfisYE0-00059-00012872-00013215 have that are relevant to you as well
+ha89sfisYE0-00060-00013216-00013551 before i begin i'd like to acknowledge
+ha89sfisYE0-00061-00013552-00013679 the traditional owners of the land on
+ha89sfisYE0-00062-00013680-00013775 where you are and
+ha89sfisYE0-00063-00013776-00014119 and also to where i'm coming from you
+ha89sfisYE0-00064-00014119-00014399 coming to you from in melbourne um and
+ha89sfisYE0-00065-00014400-00014551 pay my respects to their
+ha89sfisYE0-00066-00014552-00014775 elders past and present um there were
+ha89sfisYE0-00067-00014776-00014935 only people here in melbourne i'm not
+ha89sfisYE0-00068-00014936-00015055 far from the
+ha89sfisYE0-00069-00015056-00015343 from the mcg where i where i am and i
+ha89sfisYE0-00070-00015344-00015494 hope it's not too early
+ha89sfisYE0-00071-00015495-00015783 to mention football it's not far away
+ha89sfisYE0-00072-00015784-00015886 and the women's scene
+ha89sfisYE0-00073-00015887-00016294 season's going well so i'm
+ha89sfisYE0-00074-00016295-00016615 looking forward to today's discussion
+ha89sfisYE0-00075-00016616-00016886 as as mentioned i'm going to cover a few
+ha89sfisYE0-00076-00016887-00017007 things
+ha89sfisYE0-00077-00017008-00017199 in this discussion and then hopefully
+ha89sfisYE0-00078-00017200-00017350 they will plant the
+ha89sfisYE0-00079-00017351-00017607 plant the seeds pardon the pun for um
+ha89sfisYE0-00080-00017608-00017758 for some good discussion over the
+ha89sfisYE0-00081-00017759-00018150 over the panel i wanted to
+ha89sfisYE0-00082-00018151-00018367 to outline for you some of the context
+ha89sfisYE0-00083-00018368-00018511 and legal framework
+ha89sfisYE0-00084-00018512-00018886 um that we'll go through um and also
+ha89sfisYE0-00085-00018887-00019047 and and some of the key concepts under
+ha89sfisYE0-00086-00019048-00019222 the act and then as as mentioned
+ha89sfisYE0-00087-00019223-00019439 role of broker and role of other other
+ha89sfisYE0-00088-00019440-00019671 typical players that you might see
+ha89sfisYE0-00089-00019672-00019967 in carbon project development if i keep
+ha89sfisYE0-00090-00019968-00020071 looking to my left here it's because
+ha89sfisYE0-00091-00020072-00020143 i've got my
+ha89sfisYE0-00092-00020144-00020439 slides that you can see on my screen to
+ha89sfisYE0-00093-00020440-00020583 my left so i'm not
+ha89sfisYE0-00094-00020584-00020814 not gazing out the window although i
+ha89sfisYE0-00095-00020815-00020967 could be thoughtfully i am if i
+ha89sfisYE0-00096-00020968-00021271 look directly in front of me um i want
+ha89sfisYE0-00097-00021272-00021311 to
+ha89sfisYE0-00098-00021312-00021455 leave you with a with this relevant
+ha89sfisYE0-00099-00021456-00021607 context because i think it's um
+ha89sfisYE0-00100-00021608-00021783 important i think dean's
+ha89sfisYE0-00101-00021784-00022030 discussion was um incredibly useful and
+ha89sfisYE0-00102-00022031-00022135 it's always
+ha89sfisYE0-00103-00022136-00022294 pleasing to hear about the innovation
+ha89sfisYE0-00104-00022295-00022463 that's going on in this space including
+ha89sfisYE0-00105-00022464-00022686 in relation to
+ha89sfisYE0-00106-00022687-00023007 the the self-herding um the the tech and
+ha89sfisYE0-00107-00023008-00023127 management innovation
+ha89sfisYE0-00108-00023128-00023278 going on in the agricultural sector at
+ha89sfisYE0-00109-00023279-00023575 the moment is is wonderfully exciting
+ha89sfisYE0-00110-00023576-00023814 um and it's it's only going to continue
+ha89sfisYE0-00111-00023815-00023919 to improve and that's
+ha89sfisYE0-00112-00023920-00024294 equally as exciting the legal framework
+ha89sfisYE0-00113-00024295-00024463 tries to keep up with it there are some
+ha89sfisYE0-00114-00024464-00024614 clunky elements to it and
+ha89sfisYE0-00115-00024615-00024847 and i think it goes without saying that
+ha89sfisYE0-00116-00024848-00025063 the clean energy regulator and others
+ha89sfisYE0-00117-00025064-00025255 in canberra and in the south australian
+ha89sfisYE0-00118-00025256-00025367 government
+ha89sfisYE0-00119-00025368-00025567 are working hard to create practical
+ha89sfisYE0-00120-00025568-00025694 solutions as we
+ha89sfisYE0-00121-00025695-00025974 as we all evolve different methods and
+ha89sfisYE0-00122-00025975-00026134 different ways of doing things and can
+ha89sfisYE0-00123-00026135-00026318 prove the science
+ha89sfisYE0-00124-00026319-00026551 both both western and increasingly
+ha89sfisYE0-00125-00026552-00026662 traditional owner
+ha89sfisYE0-00126-00026663-00026846 science as well from up north and fire
+ha89sfisYE0-00127-00026847-00027023 management and blending those things
+ha89sfisYE0-00128-00027024-00027214 together to create
+ha89sfisYE0-00129-00027216-00027399 and and continue a scheme with good
+ha89sfisYE0-00130-00027400-00027614 integrity
+ha89sfisYE0-00131-00027616-00027767 so outline a little bit about how
+ha89sfisYE0-00132-00027768-00027951 contracts work and some of the things to
+ha89sfisYE0-00133-00027952-00028183 look out for in practice and also touch
+ha89sfisYE0-00134-00028183-00028327 on co-benefits
+ha89sfisYE0-00135-00028327-00028558 and how they're coming through in the
+ha89sfisYE0-00136-00028560-00029095 markets and evolving as well
+ha89sfisYE0-00137-00029095-00029431 i would i would ask you to stop me as i
+ha89sfisYE0-00138-00029432-00029695 go but similarly to dean i think um
+ha89sfisYE0-00139-00029695-00029958 tech makes it tricky to ask questions as
+ha89sfisYE0-00140-00029960-00030087 you go so if you have got
+ha89sfisYE0-00141-00030088-00030287 a pen and paper or a smartphone or
+ha89sfisYE0-00142-00030288-00030479 something in your hands please note
+ha89sfisYE0-00143-00030480-00030687 questions down i'm more than happy to
+ha89sfisYE0-00144-00030688-00030814 come back to them
+ha89sfisYE0-00145-00030816-00030967 if time permits at the end or otherwise
+ha89sfisYE0-00146-00030968-00031127 after after the break when we
+ha89sfisYE0-00147-00031127-00031414 we have the panel session um but to give
+ha89sfisYE0-00148-00031416-00031543 you a little bit of
+ha89sfisYE0-00149-00031544-00031711 general context and i i think it's
+ha89sfisYE0-00150-00031712-00031855 important to touch on the international
+ha89sfisYE0-00151-00031856-00031918 i'm not going to
+ha89sfisYE0-00152-00031919-00032279 stay there for too long um but it is
+ha89sfisYE0-00153-00032280-00032495 it is important to understand it as both
+ha89sfisYE0-00154-00032495-00032751 a driver for carbon markets but also
+ha89sfisYE0-00155-00032752-00033055 a signal as to how things will evolve um
+ha89sfisYE0-00156-00033056-00033335 in australia domestically um so carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00157-00033336-00033439 markets
+ha89sfisYE0-00158-00033440-00033655 uh are broadly part of environmental
+ha89sfisYE0-00159-00033656-00033895 markets and we're seeing
+ha89sfisYE0-00160-00033896-00034111 greater convergence and almost interplay
+ha89sfisYE0-00161-00034112-00034223 between
+ha89sfisYE0-00162-00034224-00034374 environmental markets which include
+ha89sfisYE0-00163-00034375-00034559 things like water trading and
+ha89sfisYE0-00164-00034560-00034743 biodiversity and native vegetation
+ha89sfisYE0-00165-00034744-00035007 offsetting and those sorts of things
+ha89sfisYE0-00166-00035008-00035143 we're seeing more and more interplay
+ha89sfisYE0-00167-00035144-00035415 between carbon and biodiversity markets
+ha89sfisYE0-00168-00035416-00035511 and the recent
+ha89sfisYE0-00169-00035512-00035815 review of the federal environmental law
+ha89sfisYE0-00170-00035816-00035967 the environment protection biodiversity
+ha89sfisYE0-00171-00035968-00036055 conservation
+ha89sfisYE0-00172-00036056-00036335 act which is certainly a mouthful has
+ha89sfisYE0-00173-00036336-00036495 recently been reviewed and the final
+ha89sfisYE0-00174-00036496-00036567 report
+ha89sfisYE0-00175-00036568-00036927 from the reviewer of that of that act
+ha89sfisYE0-00176-00036928-00037102 notes the opportunities around
+ha89sfisYE0-00177-00037103-00037279 leveraging carbon markets to really
+ha89sfisYE0-00178-00037280-00037390 stimulate
+ha89sfisYE0-00179-00037391-00037679 um recovery of australia's biodiversity
+ha89sfisYE0-00180-00037680-00037718 so
+ha89sfisYE0-00181-00037719-00037943 there is this confluence that's
+ha89sfisYE0-00182-00037944-00038135 increasing between
+ha89sfisYE0-00183-00038136-00038279 environmental you know typically
+ha89sfisYE0-00184-00038280-00038415 separate environmental markets and
+ha89sfisYE0-00185-00038416-00038559 carbon markets and
+ha89sfisYE0-00186-00038560-00038727 i think we'll continue to see some of
+ha89sfisYE0-00187-00038728-00038999 those trends but i'll come back to that
+ha89sfisYE0-00188-00039000-00039359 at the end big picture
+ha89sfisYE0-00189-00039360-00039551 those of you in the room might have
+ha89sfisYE0-00190-00039552-00039695 heard of and i'm not going to spend
+ha89sfisYE0-00191-00039696-00039927 too much time on at the kyoto protocol
+ha89sfisYE0-00192-00039928-00040087 at the international
+ha89sfisYE0-00193-00040088-00040308 level and and now it's
+ha89sfisYE0-00194-00040309-00040423 [Music]
+ha89sfisYE0-00195-00040424-00040574 it's dropping away and the paris
+ha89sfisYE0-00196-00040575-00040823 agreement which was agreed in 2015 is
+ha89sfisYE0-00197-00040824-00041055 coming on stream and taking operation
+ha89sfisYE0-00198-00041056-00041246 but essentially the kyoto protocol is
+ha89sfisYE0-00199-00041247-00041462 important because it really set up
+ha89sfisYE0-00200-00041463-00041718 um carbon credit trading as we know it
+ha89sfisYE0-00201-00041719-00041846 and set
+ha89sfisYE0-00202-00041847-00042087 set the example for how it can work and
+ha89sfisYE0-00203-00042088-00042151 set
+ha89sfisYE0-00204-00042152-00042390 set up a number of standards and rules
+ha89sfisYE0-00205-00042391-00042567 you know telephone books and telephone
+ha89sfisYE0-00206-00042568-00042735 books if you if you go back that long
+ha89sfisYE0-00207-00042736-00042846 and remember
+ha89sfisYE0-00208-00042847-00043102 the telephone books from the days of old
+ha89sfisYE0-00209-00043103-00043255 you know reams and reams of paper if you
+ha89sfisYE0-00210-00043256-00043351 printed them
+ha89sfisYE0-00211-00043352-00043623 on on how quantification of activities
+ha89sfisYE0-00212-00043624-00043783 can lead to carbon credits and that's
+ha89sfisYE0-00213-00043784-00043990 some of what dean took you through
+ha89sfisYE0-00214-00043991-00044135 in relation to a human induced
+ha89sfisYE0-00215-00044136-00044343 regeneration project
+ha89sfisYE0-00216-00044344-00044607 the rules the modelling all of those
+ha89sfisYE0-00217-00044608-00044815 details which get set out in
+ha89sfisYE0-00218-00044816-00045007 in regulatory frameworks it's it's a
+ha89sfisYE0-00219-00045008-00045151 huge job so a lot of
+ha89sfisYE0-00220-00045152-00045351 a lot of what we know and and from
+ha89sfisYE0-00221-00045352-00045502 through learning by doing
+ha89sfisYE0-00222-00045503-00045662 comes from that international framework
+ha89sfisYE0-00223-00045663-00045871 and comes from the kyoto protocol
+ha89sfisYE0-00224-00045872-00046046 um for those of you that are interested
+ha89sfisYE0-00225-00046047-00046183 and follow us um
+ha89sfisYE0-00226-00046184-00046430 we we komhar do attend the international
+ha89sfisYE0-00227-00046431-00046630 negotiations and assist
+ha89sfisYE0-00228-00046631-00046839 at those and follow it very closely in
+ha89sfisYE0-00229-00046840-00047007 particular article six
+ha89sfisYE0-00230-00047008-00047223 which is the the part of the paris
+ha89sfisYE0-00231-00047224-00047374 agreement that deals with
+ha89sfisYE0-00232-00047375-00047567 market mechanisms and trading so the
+ha89sfisYE0-00233-00047568-00047735 continuation of those
+ha89sfisYE0-00234-00047736-00048039 carbon credit markets for those of you
+ha89sfisYE0-00235-00048040-00048230 who are interested there's still
+ha89sfisYE0-00236-00048231-00048423 outstanding discussion and negotiation
+ha89sfisYE0-00237-00048424-00048639 on how the rules of the paris agreement
+ha89sfisYE0-00238-00048640-00048823 will treat the transition across from
+ha89sfisYE0-00239-00048824-00048974 the kyoto protocol
+ha89sfisYE0-00240-00048975-00049127 so there's a little bit of uncertainty
+ha89sfisYE0-00241-00049128-00049367 there at the moment in the international
+ha89sfisYE0-00242-00049368-00049702 realm um as well as industry who are
+ha89sfisYE0-00243-00049703-00049767 moving
+ha89sfisYE0-00244-00049768-00049999 um and and this is sort of for context
+ha89sfisYE0-00245-00050000-00050174 and because it does affect markets and
+ha89sfisYE0-00246-00050175-00050230 does affect
+ha89sfisYE0-00247-00050231-00050471 future pricing and ways of delivering
+ha89sfisYE0-00248-00050472-00050543 abandonment
+ha89sfisYE0-00249-00050544-00050815 and incentivizing things like carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00250-00050816-00051030 credit projects and carbon projects
+ha89sfisYE0-00251-00051031-00051167 [Music]
+ha89sfisYE0-00252-00051168-00051375 shipping so shipping and aviation are
+ha89sfisYE0-00253-00051376-00051511 sort of outside
+ha89sfisYE0-00254-00051512-00051758 the general framework for kyoto and and
+ha89sfisYE0-00255-00051759-00051926 the paris agreement and so those
+ha89sfisYE0-00256-00051927-00052135 industry sectors and industry bodies at
+ha89sfisYE0-00257-00052136-00052279 the international level are setting up
+ha89sfisYE0-00258-00052279-00052479 their own frameworks
+ha89sfisYE0-00259-00052479-00052735 and certainly aviation involves using
+ha89sfisYE0-00260-00052736-00052815 offsetting
+ha89sfisYE0-00261-00052816-00053094 and carbon credit units and they look at
+ha89sfisYE0-00262-00053095-00053199 accrediting
+ha89sfisYE0-00263-00053200-00053511 units that have high high credibility
+ha89sfisYE0-00264-00053512-00053766 um and and looking at do no harm type
+ha89sfisYE0-00265-00053767-00054015 tests so really again looking at this
+ha89sfisYE0-00266-00054016-00054207 positive angle of some of these projects
+ha89sfisYE0-00267-00054208-00054311 where they're not harming the
+ha89sfisYE0-00268-00054312-00054487 environment they're not harming
+ha89sfisYE0-00269-00054488-00054782 social and community communities in
+ha89sfisYE0-00270-00054783-00054847 which they
+ha89sfisYE0-00271-00054848-00055030 they operate and and they're not you
+ha89sfisYE0-00272-00055032-00055223 know at the huge scale internationally
+ha89sfisYE0-00273-00055224-00055294 they're not
+ha89sfisYE0-00274-00055295-00055447 resulting in human rights abuses and
+ha89sfisYE0-00275-00055448-00055623 those sorts of things so
+ha89sfisYE0-00276-00055624-00055847 um sectors and industry are looking at
+ha89sfisYE0-00277-00055848-00055999 their own schemes and that's that's
+ha89sfisYE0-00278-00056000-00056142 driving up demand
+ha89sfisYE0-00279-00056144-00056407 for carbon credits and we'll come back
+ha89sfisYE0-00280-00056408-00056503 to that
+ha89sfisYE0-00281-00056504-00056838 later on as well locally
+ha89sfisYE0-00282-00056839-00057182 really important to be aware that
+ha89sfisYE0-00283-00057183-00057359 in australia as dean mentioned the
+ha89sfisYE0-00284-00057360-00057607 carbon credits carbon farming initiative
+ha89sfisYE0-00285-00057608-00057911 act is the is the national law that
+ha89sfisYE0-00286-00057912-00058111 is is key to carbon farming activities
+ha89sfisYE0-00287-00058112-00058303 because it's the law that regulates
+ha89sfisYE0-00288-00058304-00058550 the registration of carbon projects as
+ha89sfisYE0-00289-00058551-00058711 well as their operation
+ha89sfisYE0-00290-00058712-00058919 and when you get when you can apply for
+ha89sfisYE0-00291-00058920-00059047 and receive
+ha89sfisYE0-00292-00059048-00059335 australian carbon credit units or accuse
+ha89sfisYE0-00293-00059336-00059494 or what we'll call carbon credits in
+ha89sfisYE0-00294-00059495-00059742 this context
+ha89sfisYE0-00295-00059744-00059887 compliance with that act and its
+ha89sfisYE0-00296-00059888-00060142 requirements is important and it sets
+ha89sfisYE0-00297-00060144-00060335 the details to ensure integrity
+ha89sfisYE0-00298-00060336-00060582 of the scheme and system including the
+ha89sfisYE0-00299-00060583-00060759 scientific robustness of
+ha89sfisYE0-00300-00060760-00060935 activities and methods that can be used
+ha89sfisYE0-00301-00060936-00061150 to generate credits like the
+ha89sfisYE0-00302-00061151-00061550 human induced regeneration method
+ha89sfisYE0-00303-00061551-00061759 the act also establishes what you what
+ha89sfisYE0-00304-00061760-00061871 you might know as the emissions
+ha89sfisYE0-00305-00061872-00062063 reduction fund and i think it's a really
+ha89sfisYE0-00306-00062064-00062254 important point that sometimes gets lost
+ha89sfisYE0-00307-00062255-00062494 that the erf or the emissions reduction
+ha89sfisYE0-00308-00062495-00062719 fund is exactly that it's a fund
+ha89sfisYE0-00309-00062720-00062854 it's a fund that's used by the clean
+ha89sfisYE0-00310-00062855-00063047 energy regulator to purchase carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00311-00063048-00063159 credits
+ha89sfisYE0-00312-00063160-00063382 and that fund is established by the by
+ha89sfisYE0-00313-00063383-00063575 that cfi act the carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00314-00063576-00063766 carbon credits carbon farming initiative
+ha89sfisYE0-00315-00063767-00063911 act um
+ha89sfisYE0-00316-00063912-00064111 the clean energy regulator is therefore
+ha89sfisYE0-00317-00064112-00064223 on behalf of the government one of the
+ha89sfisYE0-00318-00064224-00064335 main purchases
+ha89sfisYE0-00319-00064336-00064599 of carbon credits at the moment in
+ha89sfisYE0-00320-00064600-00064759 australia and is therefore sort of
+ha89sfisYE0-00321-00064760-00064950 on one level a very important customer a
+ha89sfisYE0-00322-00064951-00065103 very important buyer and that's through
+ha89sfisYE0-00323-00065104-00065223 the auctions
+ha89sfisYE0-00324-00065224-00065454 um that are conducted a couple of times
+ha89sfisYE0-00325-00065455-00065663 a year and then even through kyvid
+ha89sfisYE0-00326-00065664-00065935 we're still we're still conducted so i
+ha89sfisYE0-00327-00065936-00066047 think that's
+ha89sfisYE0-00328-00066048-00066263 just a point that helping helping
+ha89sfisYE0-00329-00066264-00066438 separate some of these concepts that
+ha89sfisYE0-00330-00066439-00066615 really the carbon farming initiative act
+ha89sfisYE0-00331-00066616-00066663 is
+ha89sfisYE0-00332-00066664-00066855 is the details and the ins and outs of
+ha89sfisYE0-00333-00066856-00067038 what you'll need to comply with
+ha89sfisYE0-00334-00067039-00067199 with the help of service providers and
+ha89sfisYE0-00335-00067200-00067447 others in looking at projects
+ha89sfisYE0-00336-00067448-00067711 the erf itself is a fund that is used to
+ha89sfisYE0-00337-00067712-00067791 purchase
+ha89sfisYE0-00338-00067792-00067975 carbon credits should you want to sell
+ha89sfisYE0-00339-00067976-00068175 them through that method through that
+ha89sfisYE0-00340-00068176-00068623 that pathway um the safeguard mechanism
+ha89sfisYE0-00341-00068624-00068975 is basically sort of a capping of
+ha89sfisYE0-00342-00068976-00069150 of emissions that goes on in the in the
+ha89sfisYE0-00343-00069151-00069294 heavy emitter sector
+ha89sfisYE0-00344-00069295-00069582 under the the national greenhouse energy
+ha89sfisYE0-00345-00069583-00069663 reporting
+ha89sfisYE0-00346-00069664-00069943 system so it's it's a driver of what we
+ha89sfisYE0-00347-00069944-00070094 call a compliance driver
+ha89sfisYE0-00348-00070095-00070343 of purchasing of carbon credits because
+ha89sfisYE0-00349-00070344-00070543 in a nutshell what that scheme does is
+ha89sfisYE0-00350-00070544-00070647 it says
+ha89sfisYE0-00351-00070648-00070919 certain high-emitting facilities so
+ha89sfisYE0-00352-00070920-00071126 power plants and other
+ha89sfisYE0-00353-00071127-00071399 other emitting facilities have a
+ha89sfisYE0-00354-00071400-00071519 baseline that caps
+ha89sfisYE0-00355-00071520-00071671 the number of the caps their emissions
+ha89sfisYE0-00356-00071672-00071782 and if they're going to go above their
+ha89sfisYE0-00357-00071783-00071959 baseline
+ha89sfisYE0-00358-00071960-00072271 they can seek to vary things or do
+ha89sfisYE0-00359-00072272-00072375 various things to
+ha89sfisYE0-00360-00072376-00072599 to have temporary exemptions but in a
+ha89sfisYE0-00361-00072600-00072799 nutshell they need to purchase
+ha89sfisYE0-00362-00072800-00073087 carbon credit units at the moment and
+ha89sfisYE0-00363-00073088-00073206 and retire them
+ha89sfisYE0-00364-00073207-00073367 to bring themselves back essentially
+ha89sfisYE0-00365-00073368-00073519 within their baseline
+ha89sfisYE0-00366-00073520-00073662 so there's some purchasing that's been
+ha89sfisYE0-00367-00073663-00073855 going on under the safeguard mechanism
+ha89sfisYE0-00368-00073856-00074031 which i'll come back to
+ha89sfisYE0-00369-00074032-00074343 and last but certainly not least local
+ha89sfisYE0-00370-00074344-00074543 and state laws are incredibly important
+ha89sfisYE0-00371-00074544-00074855 in looking at carbon projects
+ha89sfisYE0-00372-00074856-00074999 south australia has policies and
+ha89sfisYE0-00373-00075000-00075159 strategies which guide
+ha89sfisYE0-00374-00075160-00075335 its effort and the government's effort
+ha89sfisYE0-00375-00075336-00075519 to engage and move forward and the
+ha89sfisYE0-00376-00075520-00075671 pastoral
+ha89sfisYE0-00377-00075672-00075887 pastoral act review is part of that as
+ha89sfisYE0-00378-00075888-00075999 well as their
+ha89sfisYE0-00379-00076000-00076359 sequestration strategy um and and those
+ha89sfisYE0-00380-00076360-00076519 here in south australia and also
+ha89sfisYE0-00381-00076520-00076743 elsewhere um not a move towards trying
+ha89sfisYE0-00382-00076744-00076935 to maximize co-benefits
+ha89sfisYE0-00383-00076936-00077215 which i'll come back to as well there is
+ha89sfisYE0-00384-00077216-00077335 a need to comply with
+ha89sfisYE0-00385-00077336-00077494 local laws so it's not just all about
+ha89sfisYE0-00386-00077495-00077655 that that national law that i mentioned
+ha89sfisYE0-00387-00077656-00077831 the carbon farming initiative act
+ha89sfisYE0-00388-00077832-00077999 um there's a need to ensure that you
+ha89sfisYE0-00389-00078000-00078287 comply with any town planning laws and
+ha89sfisYE0-00390-00078288-00078438 and permits if you need border
+ha89sfisYE0-00391-00078439-00078631 allocations the pastoral land management
+ha89sfisYE0-00392-00078632-00078791 conservation act requirements and
+ha89sfisYE0-00393-00078792-00078911 processes
+ha89sfisYE0-00394-00078912-00079238 any other crown lease or licence terms
+ha89sfisYE0-00395-00079239-00079471 and conditions that you might have
+ha89sfisYE0-00396-00079472-00079631 you need to ensure that you're complying
+ha89sfisYE0-00397-00079632-00079919 with what you may need for your activity
+ha89sfisYE0-00398-00079920-00080094 as well as any conditions attaching to
+ha89sfisYE0-00399-00080095-00080271 those instruments that you might hold
+ha89sfisYE0-00400-00080272-00080375 for what you're doing
+ha89sfisYE0-00401-00080376-00080735 already on properties
+ha89sfisYE0-00402-00080736-00080911 in some circumstances and this is really
+ha89sfisYE0-00403-00080912-00081079 limited sort of more to forestry type
+ha89sfisYE0-00404-00081080-00081238 activities
+ha89sfisYE0-00405-00081239-00081391 in south australia but in other
+ha89sfisYE0-00406-00081392-00081559 jurisdictions there's a there's a need
+ha89sfisYE0-00407-00081560-00081655 to create and
+ha89sfisYE0-00408-00081656-00081935 and hold a carbon right as well at a
+ha89sfisYE0-00409-00081936-00082047 state level
+ha89sfisYE0-00410-00082048-00082231 um in south australia as i said it's a
+ha89sfisYE0-00411-00082232-00082415 little bit more limited um looking at
+ha89sfisYE0-00412-00082416-00082526 forest property
+ha89sfisYE0-00413-00082527-00082791 agreements to create and transfer a
+ha89sfisYE0-00414-00082792-00082950 carbon right and really that's
+ha89sfisYE0-00415-00082951-00083182 evidence of a person's right to benefit
+ha89sfisYE0-00416-00083183-00083335 from the carbon stored in forest
+ha89sfisYE0-00417-00083336-00083526 vegetation
+ha89sfisYE0-00418-00083527-00083862 so sometimes that's an additional legal
+ha89sfisYE0-00419-00083863-00084087 legal mechanism that's required to
+ha89sfisYE0-00420-00084088-00084255 demonstrate
+ha89sfisYE0-00421-00084256-00084431 a proponents legal right to carry out a
+ha89sfisYE0-00422-00084432-00084623 project
+ha89sfisYE0-00423-00084624-00084815 so that's uh that's a little bit of a an
+ha89sfisYE0-00424-00084816-00085023 overview i i know we're going through
+ha89sfisYE0-00425-00085024-00085103 some
+ha89sfisYE0-00426-00085104-00085359 some pretty meaty topics um in a little
+ha89sfisYE0-00427-00085360-00085479 bit of detail but
+ha89sfisYE0-00428-00085480-00085703 some of these were covered uh by dean
+ha89sfisYE0-00429-00085704-00085823 and i i think it never
+ha89sfisYE0-00430-00085824-00086079 never hurts to recap and and have them
+ha89sfisYE0-00431-00086080-00086159 repeated in
+ha89sfisYE0-00432-00086160-00086431 in minds but i i do want to draw your
+ha89sfisYE0-00433-00086432-00086606 attention to some really key concepts
+ha89sfisYE0-00434-00086607-00086726 under the framework
+ha89sfisYE0-00435-00086727-00086882 as a whole and this is the national
+ha89sfisYE0-00436-00086883-00087094 framework and and they're
+ha89sfisYE0-00437-00087095-00087255 they're terms that you'll hear thrown
+ha89sfisYE0-00438-00087256-00087391 around their terms that you'll see if
+ha89sfisYE0-00439-00087392-00087550 you research on on the internet they're
+ha89sfisYE0-00440-00087551-00087687 terms you might be familiar with already
+ha89sfisYE0-00441-00087688-00087775 in terms of
+ha89sfisYE0-00442-00087776-00087935 looking at doing projects and speaking
+ha89sfisYE0-00443-00087936-00088191 to people and engaging with
+ha89sfisYE0-00444-00088192-00088455 both governments so eligible offsets
+ha89sfisYE0-00445-00088456-00088526 project
+ha89sfisYE0-00446-00088527-00088775 project proponents agents eligible
+ha89sfisYE0-00447-00088776-00088887 interest holders
+ha89sfisYE0-00448-00088888-00089118 methods crediting periods permanence
+ha89sfisYE0-00449-00089119-00089191 periods
+ha89sfisYE0-00450-00089192-00089399 reporting and auditing relinquishment
+ha89sfisYE0-00451-00089400-00089567 requirements and carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00452-00089568-00089743 maintenance obligation i've
+ha89sfisYE0-00453-00089744-00089911 cherry-picked a few there
+ha89sfisYE0-00454-00089912-00090087 there are a raft of other things under
+ha89sfisYE0-00455-00090088-00090318 the act to be cognizant of but
+ha89sfisYE0-00456-00090319-00090526 these are these are some of the the
+ha89sfisYE0-00457-00090527-00090655 higher level ones
+ha89sfisYE0-00458-00090656-00090926 i'm going to go through some of these in
+ha89sfisYE0-00459-00090927-00091062 more detail but
+ha89sfisYE0-00460-00091063-00091294 essentially the eligible offsets project
+ha89sfisYE0-00461-00091295-00091487 is really making sure that what you want
+ha89sfisYE0-00462-00091488-00091631 to do the carbon project that you want
+ha89sfisYE0-00463-00091632-00091694 to do
+ha89sfisYE0-00464-00091695-00091847 meets requirements of the act and is
+ha89sfisYE0-00465-00091848-00091999 therefore eligible and
+ha89sfisYE0-00466-00092000-00092215 you need to formally seek that
+ha89sfisYE0-00467-00092216-00092391 declaration and meet the requirements of
+ha89sfisYE0-00468-00092392-00092535 the act
+ha89sfisYE0-00469-00092536-00092894 when you go through to seek that
+ha89sfisYE0-00470-00092895-00093062 it's important that before you take that
+ha89sfisYE0-00471-00093063-00093350 step that you identify who is going to
+ha89sfisYE0-00472-00093351-00093518 be the project proponent
+ha89sfisYE0-00473-00093519-00093687 and i'll go into more detail about that
+ha89sfisYE0-00474-00093688-00093871 shortly that can be
+ha89sfisYE0-00475-00093872-00094094 yourselves as pastoral leaseholders or
+ha89sfisYE0-00476-00094095-00094199 as owners or as
+ha89sfisYE0-00477-00094200-00094455 other leaseholders of various properties
+ha89sfisYE0-00478-00094456-00094655 um or you can actually convey that legal
+ha89sfisYE0-00479-00094656-00094831 right to carry out a project to somebody
+ha89sfisYE0-00480-00094832-00094926 else
+ha89sfisYE0-00481-00094927-00095159 and they would be the project proponent
+ha89sfisYE0-00482-00095160-00095294 in some circumstances there's
+ha89sfisYE0-00483-00095295-00095431 flexibility to have joint
+ha89sfisYE0-00484-00095432-00095638 proponents as well so there's a little
+ha89sfisYE0-00485-00095639-00095838 bit of a discussion that needs to happen
+ha89sfisYE0-00486-00095839-00095999 around who is actually going to be the
+ha89sfisYE0-00487-00096000-00096143 project proponent
+ha89sfisYE0-00488-00096144-00096335 for a project and therefore legally
+ha89sfisYE0-00489-00096336-00096511 responsible for it
+ha89sfisYE0-00490-00096512-00096799 and also accountable for it as well
+ha89sfisYE0-00491-00096800-00096862 methods
+ha89sfisYE0-00492-00096863-00097103 and and i think dean's touched on that
+ha89sfisYE0-00493-00097104-00097215 one so i won't go
+ha89sfisYE0-00494-00097216-00097391 into too much detail about it other than
+ha89sfisYE0-00495-00097392-00097623 to note that there are specific methods
+ha89sfisYE0-00496-00097624-00097774 or sweeps of activities
+ha89sfisYE0-00497-00097775-00097950 that get approved through the scheme and
+ha89sfisYE0-00498-00097951-00098079 so you need to apply
+ha89sfisYE0-00499-00098080-00098382 an approved method that's been tested
+ha89sfisYE0-00500-00098383-00098518 under the act and considered to be
+ha89sfisYE0-00501-00098519-00098815 sufficiently robust and therefore
+ha89sfisYE0-00502-00098816-00098950 activities that can be used to
+ha89sfisYE0-00503-00098951-00099182 demonstrate the the abatement of carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00504-00099183-00099367 or the storage of carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00505-00099368-00099559 and and the basis on which to apply for
+ha89sfisYE0-00506-00099560-00099750 carbon credits
+ha89sfisYE0-00507-00099751-00100055 um crediting periods are really the
+ha89sfisYE0-00508-00100056-00100206 periods in which you can apply to
+ha89sfisYE0-00509-00100207-00100303 receive
+ha89sfisYE0-00510-00100304-00100662 carbon credits typically 25 years
+ha89sfisYE0-00511-00100663-00100871 for a sequestration project and
+ha89sfisYE0-00512-00100872-00101055 sequestrations a fancy way of saying
+ha89sfisYE0-00513-00101056-00101287 storage
+ha89sfisYE0-00514-00101288-00101535 and most of your most of the projects
+ha89sfisYE0-00515-00101536-00101662 we've been discussing and probably will
+ha89sfisYE0-00516-00101663-00101855 be discussing today are sequestration
+ha89sfisYE0-00517-00101856-00101926 projects but
+ha89sfisYE0-00518-00101927-00102206 happy to go into that in more detail if
+ha89sfisYE0-00519-00102207-00102471 it's relevant permanence period is
+ha89sfisYE0-00520-00102472-00102518 really
+ha89sfisYE0-00521-00102519-00102758 the period over which the carbon has to
+ha89sfisYE0-00522-00102759-00102927 stay stored in the ground and dean
+ha89sfisYE0-00523-00102928-00103151 touched on that as well that
+ha89sfisYE0-00524-00103152-00103358 you can't have carbon being stored in
+ha89sfisYE0-00525-00103359-00103575 vegetation and soils and and trees and
+ha89sfisYE0-00526-00103576-00103647 other things
+ha89sfisYE0-00527-00103648-00103951 only to then let it out and have leakage
+ha89sfisYE0-00528-00103952-00104182 in other areas so the act and the
+ha89sfisYE0-00529-00104183-00104351 framework sets up a requirement
+ha89sfisYE0-00530-00104352-00104566 for nominating either a 25-year period
+ha89sfisYE0-00531-00104567-00104718 that you'll keep
+ha89sfisYE0-00532-00104719-00105031 the carbon stores and pool
+ha89sfisYE0-00533-00105032-00105327 in the ground in the biomass or a 100
+ha89sfisYE0-00534-00105328-00105454 year period
+ha89sfisYE0-00535-00105455-00105654 and there's some price and and carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00536-00105655-00105831 credit differences potentially between
+ha89sfisYE0-00537-00105832-00106007 those two options
+ha89sfisYE0-00538-00106008-00106239 depending on what you'd like to do and
+ha89sfisYE0-00539-00106240-00106399 also what you can do
+ha89sfisYE0-00540-00106400-00106615 under under the tenure or leases that
+ha89sfisYE0-00541-00106616-00106807 you hold
+ha89sfisYE0-00542-00106808-00107071 um there needs to be the identification
+ha89sfisYE0-00543-00107072-00107223 of a project area
+ha89sfisYE0-00544-00107224-00107463 and interestingly the discussion that
+ha89sfisYE0-00545-00107464-00107575 dean mentioned around
+ha89sfisYE0-00546-00107576-00107902 carbon estimation areas and how many of
+ha89sfisYE0-00547-00107903-00108023 them you might have on a
+ha89sfisYE0-00548-00108024-00108215 on a property it's sort of called
+ha89sfisYE0-00549-00108216-00108358 stratification so
+ha89sfisYE0-00550-00108359-00108534 you start with a project area which is
+ha89sfisYE0-00551-00108535-00108671 the overall area that you'll be
+ha89sfisYE0-00552-00108672-00108847 conducting your project within
+ha89sfisYE0-00553-00108848-00108999 and then that gets broken into
+ha89sfisYE0-00554-00109000-00109166 estimation areas
+ha89sfisYE0-00555-00109167-00109351 and they can they can be stratified on
+ha89sfisYE0-00556-00109352-00109607 advice of your of your ecologists and
+ha89sfisYE0-00557-00109608-00109734 the people helping you
+ha89sfisYE0-00558-00109735-00109910 um to set up a carbon project but
+ha89sfisYE0-00559-00109911-00110054 looking at getting the most out of
+ha89sfisYE0-00560-00110055-00110271 the project area as well as identifying
+ha89sfisYE0-00561-00110272-00110454 the project area because it's
+ha89sfisYE0-00562-00110455-00110607 it's actually incredibly important
+ha89sfisYE0-00563-00110608-00110823 because of some of the notification
+ha89sfisYE0-00564-00110824-00110951 requirements under the act and
+ha89sfisYE0-00565-00110952-00111207 particularly if there are either
+ha89sfisYE0-00566-00111208-00111375 conduct or natural disturbance
+ha89sfisYE0-00567-00111376-00111534 activities that occur
+ha89sfisYE0-00568-00111535-00111710 and lead to a loss of carbon that's
+ha89sfisYE0-00569-00111711-00111943 stored there's notification and
+ha89sfisYE0-00570-00111944-00112110 potentially relinquishment
+ha89sfisYE0-00571-00112111-00112399 obligations attached to the project area
+ha89sfisYE0-00572-00112400-00112543 as a whole
+ha89sfisYE0-00573-00112544-00112686 which are sometimes informed by the
+ha89sfisYE0-00574-00112688-00112895 carbon estimation areas but
+ha89sfisYE0-00575-00112896-00113071 the project area is really the pivotal
+ha89sfisYE0-00576-00113072-00113231 test for some of those
+ha89sfisYE0-00577-00113232-00113399 notification requirements and
+ha89sfisYE0-00578-00113400-00113558 relinquishment requirements and so
+ha89sfisYE0-00579-00113559-00113631 that's
+ha89sfisYE0-00580-00113632-00113871 that's important um and again i think
+ha89sfisYE0-00581-00113872-00113999 that's an area where we're learning by
+ha89sfisYE0-00582-00114000-00114047 doing
+ha89sfisYE0-00583-00114048-00114247 it it makes more logic and sense for it
+ha89sfisYE0-00584-00114248-00114431 to actually be if you're storing carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00585-00114432-00114558 it should be where the carbon's released
+ha89sfisYE0-00586-00114559-00114719 rather than the project area as a whole
+ha89sfisYE0-00587-00114720-00114831 however
+ha89sfisYE0-00588-00114832-00115007 again this is part of the clunky fit of
+ha89sfisYE0-00589-00115008-00115158 trying to try to keep
+ha89sfisYE0-00590-00115159-00115383 up and match um things particularly that
+ha89sfisYE0-00591-00115383-00115471 are modeled
+ha89sfisYE0-00592-00115472-00115775 um with real world measurements and and
+ha89sfisYE0-00593-00115776-00116078 examples of loss and incidents that can
+ha89sfisYE0-00594-00116079-00116366 occur
+ha89sfisYE0-00595-00116367-00116734 so just to very briefly touch on um
+ha89sfisYE0-00596-00116735-00116975 that some of these key concepts um i i
+ha89sfisYE0-00597-00116976-00117119 don't want to go into them all
+ha89sfisYE0-00598-00117120-00117351 in too much detail but project the
+ha89sfisYE0-00599-00117352-00117463 pronun as i mentioned
+ha89sfisYE0-00600-00117464-00117599 is the person and this comes from the
+ha89sfisYE0-00601-00117600-00117783 act who is responsible for carrying out
+ha89sfisYE0-00602-00117783-00117943 the project and has the legal right to
+ha89sfisYE0-00603-00117944-00118071 do it
+ha89sfisYE0-00604-00118072-00118215 and that's important because the legal
+ha89sfisYE0-00605-00118216-00118351 right comes back to the raft of
+ha89sfisYE0-00606-00118352-00118486 interests making sure you've got
+ha89sfisYE0-00607-00118488-00118639 appropriate access
+ha89sfisYE0-00608-00118640-00118831 that your that your access or your
+ha89sfisYE0-00609-00118832-00119007 rights to be on on the land that you're
+ha89sfisYE0-00610-00119008-00119095 on
+ha89sfisYE0-00611-00119096-00119278 are sufficient to enable you to do what
+ha89sfisYE0-00612-00119279-00119590 it is that you're saying you want to do
+ha89sfisYE0-00613-00119591-00119823 with that and with looking at tenure in
+ha89sfisYE0-00614-00119824-00119975 the land interests
+ha89sfisYE0-00615-00119976-00120119 comes the concept of an eligible
+ha89sfisYE0-00616-00120120-00120390 interest holder and
+ha89sfisYE0-00617-00120391-00120583 again this is important and i always
+ha89sfisYE0-00618-00120583-00120751 encourage people to look at it early
+ha89sfisYE0-00619-00120752-00120990 because they're basically people who
+ha89sfisYE0-00620-00120991-00121183 hold a legal or equitable interest in
+ha89sfisYE0-00621-00121183-00121463 the land and that can be
+ha89sfisYE0-00622-00121464-00121686 in some circumstances if it's a freehold
+ha89sfisYE0-00623-00121688-00121847 property that's being leased
+ha89sfisYE0-00624-00121848-00122031 and the lessee is undertaking the
+ha89sfisYE0-00625-00122032-00122319 project the freehold owner would be
+ha89sfisYE0-00626-00122320-00122590 an eligible interest holder similarly
+ha89sfisYE0-00627-00122591-00122783 for crown land and pastoral leases the
+ha89sfisYE0-00628-00122783-00122886 crown land minister
+ha89sfisYE0-00629-00122888-00123199 is an eligible interest holder banks
+ha89sfisYE0-00630-00123200-00123423 are eligible interest holders so if you
+ha89sfisYE0-00631-00123424-00123502 if you do have
+ha89sfisYE0-00632-00123503-00123751 a mortgage attaching to the land that
+ha89sfisYE0-00633-00123752-00123910 you want to do a project on
+ha89sfisYE0-00634-00123911-00124078 um the bank is an eligible interest
+ha89sfisYE0-00635-00124079-00124271 holder and there's a bit of a mixed
+ha89sfisYE0-00636-00124272-00124414 there's a bit of a mixed response at the
+ha89sfisYE0-00637-00124415-00124599 moment with banks some banks are
+ha89sfisYE0-00638-00124600-00124751 viewing carbon projects in a very
+ha89sfisYE0-00639-00124752-00124999 progressive way and understanding that
+ha89sfisYE0-00640-00125000-00125134 they improve
+ha89sfisYE0-00641-00125135-00125366 the productivity and and sustainability
+ha89sfisYE0-00642-00125367-00125534 of a lot of farming practices and see it
+ha89sfisYE0-00643-00125535-00125647 as an asset
+ha89sfisYE0-00644-00125648-00125831 um other banks for reasons that we'll
+ha89sfisYE0-00645-00125832-00125983 get to shortly are seeing it as a
+ha89sfisYE0-00646-00125983-00126207 potential restriction or encumbrance
+ha89sfisYE0-00647-00126208-00126463 on the productivity of the of the of the
+ha89sfisYE0-00648-00126464-00126510 um
+ha89sfisYE0-00649-00126511-00126695 property so there's a mixed response and
+ha89sfisYE0-00650-00126696-00126863 i'd encourage you depending on
+ha89sfisYE0-00651-00126864-00127158 your bank with to to shop around and see
+ha89sfisYE0-00652-00127159-00127271 how you go or to have those
+ha89sfisYE0-00653-00127272-00127431 conversations early because you'll
+ha89sfisYE0-00654-00127432-00127631 you'll realize very quickly how
+ha89sfisYE0-00655-00127632-00127878 difficult or how long it might take
+ha89sfisYE0-00656-00127879-00128190 to to get those consents um again
+ha89sfisYE0-00657-00128191-00128351 engaging early with any determined
+ha89sfisYE0-00658-00128352-00128575 native title holders so native title
+ha89sfisYE0-00659-00128576-00128807 holders have an eligible interest
+ha89sfisYE0-00660-00128808-00128966 in in areas and if you want to do a
+ha89sfisYE0-00661-00128967-00129151 carbon project on an area where native
+ha89sfisYE0-00662-00129152-00129343 title has been determined to exist
+ha89sfisYE0-00663-00129344-00129551 you need to get the consent of the
+ha89sfisYE0-00664-00129552-00129751 native title holders
+ha89sfisYE0-00665-00129752-00129878 particularly the prescribed body
+ha89sfisYE0-00666-00129879-00130071 corporate that holds the native title on
+ha89sfisYE0-00667-00130072-00130158 behalf of
+ha89sfisYE0-00668-00130159-00130390 people under a native title
+ha89sfisYE0-00669-00130391-00130551 determination so
+ha89sfisYE0-00670-00130552-00130878 again engaging early is certainly
+ha89sfisYE0-00671-00130879-00131119 important there in order to to have that
+ha89sfisYE0-00672-00131120-00131271 have discussions early and factor that
+ha89sfisYE0-00673-00131272-00131375 into your
+ha89sfisYE0-00674-00131376-00131743 into your carbon project
+ha89sfisYE0-00675-00131744-00132023 um i mentioned before some of these
+ha89sfisYE0-00676-00132024-00132214 concepts our crediting period
+ha89sfisYE0-00677-00132215-00132431 and the permanence period as well as
+ha89sfisYE0-00678-00132432-00132543 relinquishment
+ha89sfisYE0-00679-00132544-00132823 and carbon maintenance obligations so i
+ha89sfisYE0-00680-00132824-00132943 won't i won't go through
+ha89sfisYE0-00681-00132944-00133102 crediting period and permanence period
+ha89sfisYE0-00682-00133103-00133343 again because i mentioned them earlier
+ha89sfisYE0-00683-00133344-00133478 and we can touch on them if there are
+ha89sfisYE0-00684-00133479-00133751 questions later
+ha89sfisYE0-00685-00133752-00133927 but basically your your permanence
+ha89sfisYE0-00686-00133928-00134166 obligations require you to hold
+ha89sfisYE0-00687-00134167-00134478 the carbon and to maintain carbon that's
+ha89sfisYE0-00688-00134479-00134671 stored in the country maintain it in the
+ha89sfisYE0-00689-00134672-00134814 country so
+ha89sfisYE0-00690-00134815-00135135 um if there are if there is a loss um
+ha89sfisYE0-00691-00135136-00135311 so if carbon that's stored in in the
+ha89sfisYE0-00692-00135312-00135454 project land is lost
+ha89sfisYE0-00693-00135455-00135631 either due to unavoidable natural
+ha89sfisYE0-00694-00135632-00135831 disturbance a fire or something
+ha89sfisYE0-00695-00135832-00136087 or deliberate conduct um there are
+ha89sfisYE0-00696-00136088-00136311 circumstances in which the regulator
+ha89sfisYE0-00697-00136312-00136495 can require a project proponent to
+ha89sfisYE0-00698-00136496-00136631 relinquish
+ha89sfisYE0-00699-00136632-00137007 carbon credits to reflect that loss of
+ha89sfisYE0-00700-00137008-00137231 storage so again that's why it's
+ha89sfisYE0-00701-00137232-00137319 important to
+ha89sfisYE0-00702-00137320-00137527 identify who the who the project
+ha89sfisYE0-00703-00137528-00137663 proponent is
+ha89sfisYE0-00704-00137664-00137814 and in looking at it if you're looking
+ha89sfisYE0-00705-00137815-00137990 at developing projects
+ha89sfisYE0-00706-00137991-00138239 with a carbon project developer and
+ha89sfisYE0-00707-00138240-00138359 there are some models where the
+ha89sfisYE0-00708-00138360-00138519 developers actually like to be the
+ha89sfisYE0-00709-00138520-00138671 project proponent
+ha89sfisYE0-00710-00138672-00138911 make sure you think about and and talk
+ha89sfisYE0-00711-00138912-00139047 about and then get clarity and
+ha89sfisYE0-00712-00139048-00139214 agreements around what happens in some
+ha89sfisYE0-00713-00139215-00139390 of these circumstances
+ha89sfisYE0-00714-00139391-00139599 um whether you both share in the in the
+ha89sfisYE0-00715-00139600-00139743 ups and downs or whether or not there
+ha89sfisYE0-00716-00139744-00139887 are certain things that
+ha89sfisYE0-00717-00139888-00140127 um the the developer or yourself take on
+ha89sfisYE0-00718-00140128-00140214 as the risk
+ha89sfisYE0-00719-00140215-00140543 or potential liability so
+ha89sfisYE0-00720-00140544-00140759 if there is a relinquishment requirement
+ha89sfisYE0-00721-00140760-00140895 so if there is an incident and
+ha89sfisYE0-00722-00140896-00141231 carbon is lost from from an area
+ha89sfisYE0-00723-00141232-00141463 in which it's been stored and there is a
+ha89sfisYE0-00724-00141464-00141631 requirement to relinquish credits or to
+ha89sfisYE0-00725-00141632-00141735 give back credits
+ha89sfisYE0-00726-00141736-00141999 um to the regulator if there's either
+ha89sfisYE0-00727-00142000-00142159 non-compliance with that or it looks
+ha89sfisYE0-00728-00142160-00142311 like there will be non-compliance with
+ha89sfisYE0-00729-00142312-00142343 that
+ha89sfisYE0-00730-00142344-00142511 and and that their relinquishment
+ha89sfisYE0-00731-00142512-00142726 requirement won't be met
+ha89sfisYE0-00732-00142727-00142895 the regulator can actually put in place
+ha89sfisYE0-00733-00142896-00143063 what's called a carbon maintenance
+ha89sfisYE0-00734-00143064-00143311 declaration or carbon maintenance
+ha89sfisYE0-00735-00143312-00143599 obligation they can declare a project
+ha89sfisYE0-00736-00143600-00143790 to be subject to a cmo or a carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00737-00143791-00143959 maintenance obligation and basically
+ha89sfisYE0-00738-00143960-00144047 that sets
+ha89sfisYE0-00739-00144048-00144295 a benchmark level of carbon that needs
+ha89sfisYE0-00740-00144296-00144439 to be maintained
+ha89sfisYE0-00741-00144440-00144678 in the country and it binds anyone with
+ha89sfisYE0-00742-00144679-00144871 an interest in that property
+ha89sfisYE0-00743-00144872-00145175 to comply with that and it may allow
+ha89sfisYE0-00744-00145176-00145407 certain activities it certainly
+ha89sfisYE0-00745-00145408-00145654 is intended to allow standard activities
+ha89sfisYE0-00746-00145655-00145751 to continue to
+ha89sfisYE0-00747-00145752-00145943 to be undertaken provided they're not
+ha89sfisYE0-00748-00145944-00146095 going to interfere with that carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00749-00146096-00146399 store that's required to be maintained
+ha89sfisYE0-00750-00146400-00146607 now the important part of that and and
+ha89sfisYE0-00751-00146608-00146783 it links back to why you need eligible
+ha89sfisYE0-00752-00146784-00146951 interest holder consent
+ha89sfisYE0-00753-00146952-00147166 is that it it can affect people who had
+ha89sfisYE0-00754-00147167-00147366 nothing to do with the project
+ha89sfisYE0-00755-00147367-00147678 so a future purchaser if if land is sold
+ha89sfisYE0-00756-00147679-00147839 and someone else buys it
+ha89sfisYE0-00757-00147840-00148071 um they can be bound to follow one of
+ha89sfisYE0-00758-00148072-00148254 these carbon maintenance obligations
+ha89sfisYE0-00759-00148255-00148454 and because of the ability to to permit
+ha89sfisYE0-00760-00148455-00148647 or to restrict activities on the land to
+ha89sfisYE0-00761-00148648-00148719 protect
+ha89sfisYE0-00762-00148720-00149014 the carbon store um it also has
+ha89sfisYE0-00763-00149015-00149183 implications for native title holders
+ha89sfisYE0-00764-00149184-00149351 and farmers and others
+ha89sfisYE0-00765-00149352-00149559 you know a few sublease a property as
+ha89sfisYE0-00766-00149560-00149695 well so that's
+ha89sfisYE0-00767-00149696-00149943 again something to be aware of when
+ha89sfisYE0-00768-00149944-00149999 you're looking
+ha89sfisYE0-00769-00150000-00150183 at looking at entering into these
+ha89sfisYE0-00770-00150184-00150559 projects
+ha89sfisYE0-00771-00150560-00150839 i reckon we're almost halfway there so
+ha89sfisYE0-00772-00150840-00150935 i'm going to
+ha89sfisYE0-00773-00150936-00151111 head into some of the practical
+ha89sfisYE0-00774-00151112-00151399 considerations and i'm noting i need to
+ha89sfisYE0-00775-00151400-00151647 need to wrap up hi emily sorry sort of
+ha89sfisYE0-00776-00151648-00151743 15 minutes
+ha89sfisYE0-00777-00151744-00151966 yeah that's my 15-minute check-in for
+ha89sfisYE0-00778-00151967-00152071 you so thank you
+ha89sfisYE0-00779-00152072-00152375 yeah good all right thanks geez
+ha89sfisYE0-00780-00152376-00152687 um what i've got on this slide um is
+ha89sfisYE0-00781-00152688-00152751 really
+ha89sfisYE0-00782-00152752-00152919 trying to summarize what i've what i've
+ha89sfisYE0-00783-00152920-00153119 said in a little bit of technical jargon
+ha89sfisYE0-00784-00153120-00153302 uh more clearly i think lawyers should
+ha89sfisYE0-00785-00153303-00153431 always be forced to
+ha89sfisYE0-00786-00153432-00153702 to communicate with diagrams um because
+ha89sfisYE0-00787-00153703-00153878 it does help to try and simplify some
+ha89sfisYE0-00788-00153879-00154007 concepts so really when you're looking
+ha89sfisYE0-00789-00154008-00154151 at a project
+ha89sfisYE0-00790-00154152-00154295 there's a few things to check from your
+ha89sfisYE0-00791-00154296-00154502 legal perspective in addition to the
+ha89sfisYE0-00792-00154503-00154614 feasibility and
+ha89sfisYE0-00793-00154615-00154799 and certainly some of the work that dean
+ha89sfisYE0-00794-00154800-00155023 and his team do looking at the location
+ha89sfisYE0-00795-00155024-00155214 and the condition of land
+ha89sfisYE0-00796-00155215-00155375 the movement of stock and how you might
+ha89sfisYE0-00797-00155376-00155623 modify activities to fit with the method
+ha89sfisYE0-00798-00155624-00155831 or improve methods
+ha89sfisYE0-00799-00155832-00155999 and sequester land and what the
+ha89sfisYE0-00800-00156000-00156287 potential is for a carbon project
+ha89sfisYE0-00801-00156288-00156423 the other lens that's incredibly
+ha89sfisYE0-00802-00156424-00156566 important to put to these things is
+ha89sfisYE0-00803-00156567-00156726 looking at land tenure and the legal
+ha89sfisYE0-00804-00156727-00156790 rights
+ha89sfisYE0-00805-00156791-00156999 associated with the right to carry out a
+ha89sfisYE0-00806-00157000-00157102 project
+ha89sfisYE0-00807-00157103-00157311 so that involves looking at regulatory
+ha89sfisYE0-00808-00157312-00157478 consents that you might need
+ha89sfisYE0-00809-00157479-00157790 there's a regulatory angle too testing
+ha89sfisYE0-00810-00157791-00157951 of projects as well
+ha89sfisYE0-00811-00157952-00158111 land tenure making sure that you can
+ha89sfisYE0-00812-00158112-00158239 access and do what it is that you're
+ha89sfisYE0-00813-00158240-00158326 willing to do
+ha89sfisYE0-00814-00158327-00158495 on land or if you're conveying that to
+ha89sfisYE0-00815-00158496-00158751 someone else that that's done properly
+ha89sfisYE0-00816-00158752-00158959 as well as securing eligible interest
+ha89sfisYE0-00817-00158960-00159199 holder consents that you need
+ha89sfisYE0-00818-00159200-00159359 and then also looking at operation and
+ha89sfisYE0-00819-00159360-00159607 delivery which we'll get to shortly
+ha89sfisYE0-00820-00159608-00159814 and the the type of method the type of
+ha89sfisYE0-00821-00159815-00159959 project that you're going to engage in
+ha89sfisYE0-00822-00159960-00160214 and the method that applies to that
+ha89sfisYE0-00823-00160215-00160487 as well so human induced regeneration is
+ha89sfisYE0-00824-00160488-00160639 one example
+ha89sfisYE0-00825-00160640-00161023 of those buying and selling accus will
+ha89sfisYE0-00826-00161024-00161175 will come to
+ha89sfisYE0-00827-00161176-00161414 as well but on eligible interest holder
+ha89sfisYE0-00828-00161415-00161543 consents
+ha89sfisYE0-00829-00161544-00161726 um i mean some of the some of the
+ha89sfisYE0-00830-00161727-00161887 questions to
+ha89sfisYE0-00831-00161888-00162078 to look at here are who owns the land
+ha89sfisYE0-00832-00162079-00162247 and who has uh interests that are
+ha89sfisYE0-00833-00162248-00162383 registered on the land
+ha89sfisYE0-00834-00162384-00162614 um and i think sort of title searching
+ha89sfisYE0-00835-00162615-00162726 and those sorts of things
+ha89sfisYE0-00836-00162727-00162902 checking to see if there's native title
+ha89sfisYE0-00837-00162903-00163078 determinations what i've
+ha89sfisYE0-00838-00163079-00163247 put on this slide for you at the moment
+ha89sfisYE0-00839-00163248-00163431 is that you can see
+ha89sfisYE0-00840-00163432-00163599 much of south australia including in the
+ha89sfisYE0-00841-00163600-00163735 far north is covered
+ha89sfisYE0-00842-00163736-00163951 uh either by apylans or also
+ha89sfisYE0-00843-00163952-00164071 non-exclusive native title
+ha89sfisYE0-00844-00164072-00164231 determinations so there's
+ha89sfisYE0-00845-00164232-00164559 a high likelihood that native title
+ha89sfisYE0-00846-00164560-00164695 exists in areas that you might be
+ha89sfisYE0-00847-00164696-00164759 looking at
+ha89sfisYE0-00848-00164760-00164999 projects and therefore looking at that
+ha89sfisYE0-00849-00165000-00165143 working out who you need to contact and
+ha89sfisYE0-00850-00165144-00165335 getting in touch with
+ha89sfisYE0-00851-00165336-00165526 eligible interest holders early in your
+ha89sfisYE0-00852-00165527-00165695 in your thought process helps
+ha89sfisYE0-00853-00165696-00165943 structure and plan the project with the
+ha89sfisYE0-00854-00165944-00166159 greatest efficiency
+ha89sfisYE0-00855-00166160-00166359 crown leases and past releases which i
+ha89sfisYE0-00856-00166360-00166487 know are topical
+ha89sfisYE0-00857-00166488-00166614 again looking at what's permitted and
+ha89sfisYE0-00858-00166615-00166759 not permitted under the lease and and
+ha89sfisYE0-00859-00166760-00166935 that comes back also to mandatory
+ha89sfisYE0-00860-00166936-00167102 conditions and mandatory reservations
+ha89sfisYE0-00861-00167103-00167231 under the lease
+ha89sfisYE0-00862-00167232-00167463 back to the crown when you when you need
+ha89sfisYE0-00863-00167464-00167623 pastoral board approval
+ha89sfisYE0-00864-00167624-00167838 um and and being timely about getting
+ha89sfisYE0-00865-00167839-00167926 that
+ha89sfisYE0-00866-00167927-00168238 um and covering off on on any review and
+ha89sfisYE0-00867-00168239-00168399 changes that are coming which no doubt
+ha89sfisYE0-00868-00168400-00168447 um
+ha89sfisYE0-00869-00168448-00168583 friends and colleagues in the in the
+ha89sfisYE0-00870-00168584-00168751 government might cover off on or will
+ha89sfisYE0-00871-00168752-00168959 certainly be keeping you up to date with
+ha89sfisYE0-00872-00168960-00169126 as things progress there from the bill
+ha89sfisYE0-00873-00169127-00169559 that was released
+ha89sfisYE0-00874-00169560-00169735 the other the other figure that i've got
+ha89sfisYE0-00875-00169736-00169895 up there shows you um
+ha89sfisYE0-00876-00169896-00170143 roughly as it sort of earlier this week
+ha89sfisYE0-00877-00170144-00170207 um
+ha89sfisYE0-00878-00170208-00170390 the number of projects and and carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00879-00170391-00170526 credits that have been issued in south
+ha89sfisYE0-00880-00170527-00170638 australia and the
+ha89sfisYE0-00881-00170639-00170831 generally the type of project so you can
+ha89sfisYE0-00882-00170832-00170990 see that there's
+ha89sfisYE0-00883-00170991-00171295 quite a few vegetation type projects
+ha89sfisYE0-00884-00171296-00171487 and a few agricultural projects as well
+ha89sfisYE0-00885-00171488-00171695 as closer into adelaide and
+ha89sfisYE0-00886-00171696-00172023 urban areas some some landfill and waste
+ha89sfisYE0-00887-00172024-00172447 projects as well
+ha89sfisYE0-00888-00172448-00172838 looking at mapping out and um
+ha89sfisYE0-00889-00172839-00173007 and and how some of these key concepts
+ha89sfisYE0-00890-00173008-00173223 come together um
+ha89sfisYE0-00891-00173224-00173438 i i this slides really intended to show
+ha89sfisYE0-00892-00173439-00173590 you how some of these
+ha89sfisYE0-00893-00173591-00173726 things fit together sequentially and
+ha89sfisYE0-00894-00173727-00173878 therefore how you might approach a
+ha89sfisYE0-00895-00173879-00174023 project
+ha89sfisYE0-00896-00174024-00174271 pre-registration the need to go through
+ha89sfisYE0-00897-00174272-00174390 some of the things we've talked about
+ha89sfisYE0-00898-00174391-00174559 feasibility your due diligence on your
+ha89sfisYE0-00899-00174560-00174695 property
+ha89sfisYE0-00900-00174696-00174926 getting estimates as to what your carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00901-00174927-00175071 yield might be whether it's going to be
+ha89sfisYE0-00902-00175072-00175319 worthwhile to to do a project or if it's
+ha89sfisYE0-00903-00175320-00175414 marginal and
+ha89sfisYE0-00904-00175415-00175575 it might you might be motivated to do a
+ha89sfisYE0-00905-00175576-00175726 project for any number of reasons
+ha89sfisYE0-00906-00175727-00175823 including
+ha89sfisYE0-00907-00175824-00176087 uh biodiversity and other general
+ha89sfisYE0-00908-00176088-00176271 productivity reasons
+ha89sfisYE0-00909-00176272-00176463 and looking to identify and engage with
+ha89sfisYE0-00910-00176464-00176614 your eligible interest holders
+ha89sfisYE0-00911-00176615-00176807 early so that dotted blue line is really
+ha89sfisYE0-00912-00176808-00177054 looking at a pre-registration
+ha89sfisYE0-00913-00177055-00177359 phase there is an overlap in that you
+ha89sfisYE0-00914-00177360-00177535 can apply to have a project registered
+ha89sfisYE0-00915-00177536-00177654 on a conditional basis
+ha89sfisYE0-00916-00177655-00177790 which means that you still need to
+ha89sfisYE0-00917-00177791-00178071 satisfy conditions like obtaining
+ha89sfisYE0-00918-00178072-00178254 consents that you haven't yet obtained
+ha89sfisYE0-00919-00178255-00178487 when you apply to register a project
+ha89sfisYE0-00920-00178488-00178671 before the end of your first reporting
+ha89sfisYE0-00921-00178672-00178951 period and really that's before
+ha89sfisYE0-00922-00178952-00179102 the period in which you're going to
+ha89sfisYE0-00923-00179103-00179326 report on your activities and apply for
+ha89sfisYE0-00924-00179327-00179607 for carbon credits so essentially if if
+ha89sfisYE0-00925-00179608-00179654 you do
+ha89sfisYE0-00926-00179655-00179887 proceed and get a project conditionally
+ha89sfisYE0-00927-00179888-00180014 registered
+ha89sfisYE0-00928-00180015-00180199 you won't be able to receive carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00929-00180200-00180359 credits until you've satisfied those
+ha89sfisYE0-00930-00180360-00180487 conditions so
+ha89sfisYE0-00931-00180488-00180663 it can be done and sometimes it's useful
+ha89sfisYE0-00932-00180664-00180823 because then you have security that
+ha89sfisYE0-00933-00180824-00180990 you've got a project up you know you can
+ha89sfisYE0-00934-00180991-00181143 do it but
+ha89sfisYE0-00935-00181144-00181302 you still need to get these consents in
+ha89sfisYE0-00936-00181303-00181447 place
+ha89sfisYE0-00937-00181448-00181759 if you're negotiating delivery contracts
+ha89sfisYE0-00938-00181760-00182038 so sale contracts in parallel
+ha89sfisYE0-00939-00182039-00182214 certainly it's useful to carry those
+ha89sfisYE0-00940-00182215-00182447 conditions through as conditions on your
+ha89sfisYE0-00941-00182448-00182623 sale contract so you don't get yourself
+ha89sfisYE0-00942-00182624-00182759 into a sticky corner and commit to
+ha89sfisYE0-00943-00182760-00182895 delivering things that you don't yet
+ha89sfisYE0-00944-00182896-00183007 have
+ha89sfisYE0-00945-00183008-00183207 or at least assess your confidence and
+ha89sfisYE0-00946-00183208-00183351 risk around
+ha89sfisYE0-00947-00183352-00183671 some of those things at the outset
+ha89sfisYE0-00948-00183672-00183871 but again it can be it can be useful to
+ha89sfisYE0-00949-00183872-00183983 do that because then you have
+ha89sfisYE0-00950-00183984-00184254 certainty of knowing that you you can if
+ha89sfisYE0-00951-00184255-00184407 you get those consents you can deliver
+ha89sfisYE0-00952-00184408-00184614 projects that might give you more
+ha89sfisYE0-00953-00184615-00184895 more confidence to discuss how payments
+ha89sfisYE0-00954-00184896-00184926 and
+ha89sfisYE0-00955-00184927-00185247 and benefit distribution might work in
+ha89sfisYE0-00956-00185248-00185423 order to get some of those consents up
+ha89sfisYE0-00957-00185424-00185535 front
+ha89sfisYE0-00958-00185536-00185719 the crediting period to the period in
+ha89sfisYE0-00959-00185720-00185847 which you can apply to get credit
+ha89sfisYE0-00960-00185848-00186119 starts when the project's registered so
+ha89sfisYE0-00961-00186120-00186223 if your conditional
+ha89sfisYE0-00962-00186224-00186414 registration leads into that he dates
+ha89sfisYE0-00963-00186415-00186550 into it
+ha89sfisYE0-00964-00186551-00186799 but your reporting period is is a little
+ha89sfisYE0-00965-00186800-00186943 bit up to you there's there's rules
+ha89sfisYE0-00966-00186944-00187014 around
+ha89sfisYE0-00967-00187015-00187190 how soon it can be and how late it can
+ha89sfisYE0-00968-00187191-00187414 be but otherwise there's some
+ha89sfisYE0-00969-00187415-00187711 flexibility around how often you report
+ha89sfisYE0-00970-00187712-00187871 and you can you can talk to the
+ha89sfisYE0-00971-00187872-00188047 regulator about that and they will
+ha89sfisYE0-00972-00188048-00188238 they will agree on on when you should be
+ha89sfisYE0-00973-00188239-00188414 reporting and that will be formalized in
+ha89sfisYE0-00974-00188415-00188607 declarations as well
+ha89sfisYE0-00975-00188608-00188790 as shown here your permanence period can
+ha89sfisYE0-00976-00188791-00188943 either be the same as your crediting
+ha89sfisYE0-00977-00188944-00189231 period 25 years or it can be longer
+ha89sfisYE0-00978-00189232-00189566 100 years so you you apply and you
+ha89sfisYE0-00979-00189567-00189671 receive credits
+ha89sfisYE0-00980-00189672-00189831 and you you get the thing that you can
+ha89sfisYE0-00981-00189832-00189983 sell and trade
+ha89sfisYE0-00982-00189984-00190302 in 25 over a 25 year period
+ha89sfisYE0-00983-00190303-00190519 it's not linear i'm sure dean will
+ha89sfisYE0-00984-00190520-00190702 explain to you that vegetation grows and
+ha89sfisYE0-00985-00190703-00190823 you all know
+ha89sfisYE0-00986-00190824-00190959 working on the land as well that
+ha89sfisYE0-00987-00190960-00191159 vegetation grows at different rates in
+ha89sfisYE0-00988-00191160-00191311 different areas
+ha89sfisYE0-00989-00191312-00191495 and therefore there'll be all sorts of
+ha89sfisYE0-00990-00191496-00191719 curves associated with the yield
+ha89sfisYE0-00991-00191720-00191966 the growth of vegetation the measurement
+ha89sfisYE0-00992-00191967-00192143 the sequestration and storage of carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-00993-00192144-00192311 and therefore how many units you you
+ha89sfisYE0-00994-00192312-00192502 generate over that period and whether
+ha89sfisYE0-00995-00192503-00192719 that comes in peaks and troughs and
+ha89sfisYE0-00996-00192720-00193014 all manner of curves but bearing in mind
+ha89sfisYE0-00997-00193015-00193095 then that if
+ha89sfisYE0-00998-00193096-00193287 if your project does involve fencing and
+ha89sfisYE0-00999-00193288-00193454 other maintenance of
+ha89sfisYE0-01000-00193455-00193711 infrastructure it is less intensive than
+ha89sfisYE0-01001-00193712-00193919 reporting and maintenance obligations
+ha89sfisYE0-01002-00193920-00194126 over the longer term but there will
+ha89sfisYE0-01003-00194127-00194247 continue to be
+ha89sfisYE0-01004-00194248-00194535 maintenance obligations and and that
+ha89sfisYE0-01005-00194536-00194759 permanence obligation stretching
+ha89sfisYE0-01006-00194760-00195078 for 100 years so that includes you know
+ha89sfisYE0-01007-00195079-00195271 the requirement to keep up fences and
+ha89sfisYE0-01008-00195272-00195431 weeds and ferals and all those sorts of
+ha89sfisYE0-01009-00195432-00195783 things
+ha89sfisYE0-01010-00195784-00196038 so really splitting it into three phases
+ha89sfisYE0-01011-00196039-00196095 planning
+ha89sfisYE0-01012-00196096-00196263 operating and managing projects and then
+ha89sfisYE0-01013-00196264-00196487 managing your carbon stores is one way
+ha89sfisYE0-01014-00196488-00196719 to think about this
+ha89sfisYE0-01015-00196720-00197023 agreement wise so looking at
+ha89sfisYE0-01016-00197024-00197183 agreements and project engaging with
+ha89sfisYE0-01017-00197184-00197375 project developers it often occurs in
+ha89sfisYE0-01018-00197376-00197519 the planning stage so there might be
+ha89sfisYE0-01019-00197520-00197735 service agreements some developers like
+ha89sfisYE0-01020-00197736-00197935 you to sign up to exclusivity
+ha89sfisYE0-01021-00197936-00198143 for both the feasibility of a project
+ha89sfisYE0-01022-00198144-00198359 and then it's registration and operation
+ha89sfisYE0-01023-00198360-00198447 so
+ha89sfisYE0-01024-00198448-00198631 depending on who you're talking to and
+ha89sfisYE0-01025-00198632-00198863 what you're talking about
+ha89sfisYE0-01026-00198864-00199054 your agreements might cover both the
+ha89sfisYE0-01027-00199055-00199238 planning and the operating and managing
+ha89sfisYE0-01028-00199239-00199463 stages or you might want to break it
+ha89sfisYE0-01029-00199464-00199654 into these sorts of sequential parts
+ha89sfisYE0-01030-00199655-00199814 where you're looking at upfront planning
+ha89sfisYE0-01031-00199815-00199950 before you make a decision and not
+ha89sfisYE0-01032-00199951-00200126 locking yourself in
+ha89sfisYE0-01033-00200127-00200366 to get your feasibility assessments and
+ha89sfisYE0-01034-00200367-00200487 paying for that
+ha89sfisYE0-01035-00200488-00200726 fee-for-service type advice as well as
+ha89sfisYE0-01036-00200727-00200838 getting your eligible interests
+ha89sfisYE0-01037-00200839-00201047 identified and dealt with
+ha89sfisYE0-01038-00201048-00201271 um looking at your tenure and carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-01039-00201272-00201447 rights and engaging with
+ha89sfisYE0-01040-00201448-00201575 other eligible interest holders
+ha89sfisYE0-01041-00201576-00201878 including native title holders early
+ha89sfisYE0-01042-00201879-00202119 and contracting the help that you need
+ha89sfisYE0-01043-00202120-00202326 during that planning and feasibility
+ha89sfisYE0-01044-00202327-00202663 process if you roll it together
+ha89sfisYE0-01045-00202664-00202950 with operating and managing it there
+ha89sfisYE0-01046-00202951-00203063 might be concepts
+ha89sfisYE0-01047-00203064-00203383 like agents that pop up
+ha89sfisYE0-01048-00203384-00203607 and agents can be recognised under the
+ha89sfisYE0-01049-00203608-00203719 act we will
+ha89sfisYE0-01050-00203720-00203895 always encourage people if you if you're
+ha89sfisYE0-01051-00203896-00204054 appointing an agent to think about
+ha89sfisYE0-01052-00204055-00204231 potentially a side agreement that deals
+ha89sfisYE0-01053-00204232-00204535 with how that agent behaves and how
+ha89sfisYE0-01054-00204536-00204799 you can and can't terminate that
+ha89sfisYE0-01055-00204800-00204966 sometimes for simplicity
+ha89sfisYE0-01056-00204967-00205214 agent provisions are thrown into carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-01057-00205215-00205390 uh project development agreements and
+ha89sfisYE0-01058-00205391-00205582 and the service provider or the
+ha89sfisYE0-01059-00205583-00205798 the carbon developer will also act as
+ha89sfisYE0-01060-00205800-00205894 your agent and
+ha89sfisYE0-01061-00205896-00206103 it's it's important to carefully look at
+ha89sfisYE0-01062-00206104-00206238 those provisions to make sure you're
+ha89sfisYE0-01063-00206239-00206342 comfortable with
+ha89sfisYE0-01064-00206344-00206558 with what they'll be doing as well as
+ha89sfisYE0-01065-00206559-00206742 the the types of services
+ha89sfisYE0-01066-00206744-00207223 that they'll be providing to you
+ha89sfisYE0-01067-00207223-00207423 the stages and timing of obligations so
+ha89sfisYE0-01068-00207423-00207614 there's there's different milestones
+ha89sfisYE0-01069-00207615-00208014 um and also looking at pricing and how
+ha89sfisYE0-01070-00208015-00208310 how payments might work um some of this
+ha89sfisYE0-01071-00208311-00208558 as dean mentioned earlier the spot price
+ha89sfisYE0-01072-00208559-00208831 from omf and others that spot price
+ha89sfisYE0-01073-00208832-00209046 related to carbon credits only
+ha89sfisYE0-01074-00209048-00209342 and increasingly now there are ways to
+ha89sfisYE0-01075-00209344-00209431 um
+ha89sfisYE0-01076-00209432-00209734 to attract buyers based on co-benefits
+ha89sfisYE0-01077-00209735-00209958 so some of the other benefits that these
+ha89sfisYE0-01078-00209959-00210103 projects can deliver either to the
+ha89sfisYE0-01079-00210104-00210279 environment or to indigenous groups
+ha89sfisYE0-01080-00210280-00210503 to traditional owners as well as to
+ha89sfisYE0-01081-00210504-00210694 communities more broadly
+ha89sfisYE0-01082-00210696-00210839 if they're if they're measurable and
+ha89sfisYE0-01083-00210840-00211103 quantifiable or describable
+ha89sfisYE0-01084-00211104-00211382 a lot of certainly companies are looking
+ha89sfisYE0-01085-00211383-00211542 at paying a premium for them
+ha89sfisYE0-01086-00211544-00211727 as well as some of the example funds
+ha89sfisYE0-01087-00211728-00211887 that are popping up by other governments
+ha89sfisYE0-01088-00211888-00212094 like the land restoration fund
+ha89sfisYE0-01089-00212096-00212310 in queensland and there's other
+ha89sfisYE0-01090-00212311-00212455 governments looking at doing
+ha89sfisYE0-01091-00212456-00212639 the same thing so really encouraging
+ha89sfisYE0-01092-00212640-00212815 those co-benefits and actually paying a
+ha89sfisYE0-01093-00212816-00212879 premium
+ha89sfisYE0-01094-00212880-00213142 for co-benefits on top of the carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-01095-00213144-00213319 credit which which makes good sense for
+ha89sfisYE0-01096-00213319-00213415 everybody
+ha89sfisYE0-01097-00213416-00213598 but i guess in the agreements making
+ha89sfisYE0-01098-00213600-00213823 sure that you know what's being sold and
+ha89sfisYE0-01099-00213823-00214006 how any payments that you receive
+ha89sfisYE0-01100-00214007-00214182 if you're not actually the project
+ha89sfisYE0-01101-00214183-00214319 proponent
+ha89sfisYE0-01102-00214319-00214479 we'll come back to you whether it's just
+ha89sfisYE0-01103-00214480-00214646 as one revenue
+ha89sfisYE0-01104-00214648-00214894 stream as a percentage of overall or
+ha89sfisYE0-01105-00214896-00215134 whether you do look at splitting out
+ha89sfisYE0-01106-00215135-00215446 prices and floor prices and uplifts and
+ha89sfisYE0-01107-00215448-00215646 these things can become
+ha89sfisYE0-01108-00215648-00215846 remarkably detailed depending on what it
+ha89sfisYE0-01109-00215848-00216015 is that you want to do
+ha89sfisYE0-01110-00216016-00216239 there's ease in easing keeping it simple
+ha89sfisYE0-01111-00216240-00216327 and there's there's
+ha89sfisYE0-01112-00216328-00216471 there's benefits in keeping it simple
+ha89sfisYE0-01113-00216471-00216646 but there's also um
+ha89sfisYE0-01114-00216648-00216846 the need to closely inspect sometimes
+ha89sfisYE0-01115-00216848-00216958 what are very simple
+ha89sfisYE0-01116-00216959-00217231 arrangements to make sure they work for
+ha89sfisYE0-01117-00217232-00217319 you
+ha89sfisYE0-01118-00217319-00217503 also important to talk about what
+ha89sfisYE0-01119-00217504-00217775 happens in the longer term
+ha89sfisYE0-01120-00217776-00217919 project proponent who's going to be
+ha89sfisYE0-01121-00217919-00218142 responsible for risks relinquishment
+ha89sfisYE0-01122-00218144-00218231 requirements
+ha89sfisYE0-01123-00218232-00218439 and and particularly being aware of the
+ha89sfisYE0-01124-00218440-00218575 possibility of carbon maintenance
+ha89sfisYE0-01125-00218576-00218719 obligations
+ha89sfisYE0-01126-00218719-00219039 in the long term as well
+ha89sfisYE0-01127-00219040-00219303 i think we're i'm probably coming up on
+ha89sfisYE0-01128-00219304-00219455 on time but
+ha89sfisYE0-01129-00219456-00219631 a couple of things that i did want to
+ha89sfisYE0-01130-00219632-00219846 quickly mention towards the end is
+ha89sfisYE0-01131-00219848-00220071 in working out who's doing what and and
+ha89sfisYE0-01132-00220071-00220223 payment structures it's important to
+ha89sfisYE0-01133-00220223-00220294 look at
+ha89sfisYE0-01134-00220296-00220558 um initial outlays payment milestones
+ha89sfisYE0-01135-00220559-00220655 and approaches and
+ha89sfisYE0-01136-00220656-00220958 delivery risk um if there are shortfalls
+ha89sfisYE0-01137-00220959-00221119 if you're contracted to deliver things
+ha89sfisYE0-01138-00221119-00221263 that you don't deliver there's breach of
+ha89sfisYE0-01139-00221264-00221446 contract issues
+ha89sfisYE0-01140-00221448-00221775 there's also potential ways and i think
+ha89sfisYE0-01141-00221776-00221887 your contracts with
+ha89sfisYE0-01142-00221888-00222103 project developers need to sort sort
+ha89sfisYE0-01143-00222104-00222206 through some of these issues and
+ha89sfisYE0-01144-00222207-00222334 document them
+ha89sfisYE0-01145-00222335-00222575 in terms of if there are those
+ha89sfisYE0-01146-00222576-00222758 contractual shortfalls but also if your
+ha89sfisYE0-01147-00222759-00222934 estimates are under
+ha89sfisYE0-01148-00222935-00223206 and they can be under because of um you
+ha89sfisYE0-01149-00223207-00223239 know
+ha89sfisYE0-01150-00223240-00223463 various inadvertent errors in looking at
+ha89sfisYE0-01151-00223464-00223623 these things as dean mentioned most
+ha89sfisYE0-01152-00223623-00223815 people tend to be conservative because
+ha89sfisYE0-01153-00223816-00224023 you minimise the risk of that but they
+ha89sfisYE0-01154-00224023-00224151 can also be under because of
+ha89sfisYE0-01155-00224152-00224398 environmental or climatic reasons
+ha89sfisYE0-01156-00224400-00224558 as well you have a good or a bad year
+ha89sfisYE0-01157-00224559-00224775 and therefore your your yield is
+ha89sfisYE0-01158-00224776-00225023 is not as good so looking at what you
+ha89sfisYE0-01159-00225023-00225127 agree to deliver
+ha89sfisYE0-01160-00225128-00225294 so how many carbon credits you agree to
+ha89sfisYE0-01161-00225296-00225471 deliver to someone um
+ha89sfisYE0-01162-00225471-00225703 you need to you need to look in to some
+ha89sfisYE0-01163-00225704-00225879 of those risks and shortfalls and ensure
+ha89sfisYE0-01164-00225880-00226031 that you have a level of confidence
+ha89sfisYE0-01165-00226032-00226198 otherwise you'll have to go and buy from
+ha89sfisYE0-01166-00226200-00226334 the market to top
+ha89sfisYE0-01167-00226335-00226671 up um and deliver on accused depending
+ha89sfisYE0-01168-00226671-00226831 on the terms of your contract
+ha89sfisYE0-01169-00226832-00227094 to ensure that that gets met and that
+ha89sfisYE0-01170-00227096-00227206 can have costing
+ha89sfisYE0-01171-00227207-00227510 implications for you we've talked about
+ha89sfisYE0-01172-00227511-00227671 some of those concepts as um
+ha89sfisYE0-01173-00227671-00227934 the slides i've got in pdf form and i'm
+ha89sfisYE0-01174-00227935-00228046 i'm comfortable for them to be
+ha89sfisYE0-01175-00228048-00228223 circulated and some of this information
+ha89sfisYE0-01176-00228223-00228367 was included
+ha89sfisYE0-01177-00228367-00228567 for those reasons this provides an
+ha89sfisYE0-01178-00228567-00228751 overview of the types of carbon markets
+ha89sfisYE0-01179-00228752-00228894 operating in australia and includes
+ha89sfisYE0-01180-00228896-00229079 renewable energy markets as well
+ha89sfisYE0-01181-00229080-00229287 and the clean energy regulator's now got
+ha89sfisYE0-01182-00229288-00229415 quite a lot of sophisticated and
+ha89sfisYE0-01183-00229416-00229519 interesting
+ha89sfisYE0-01184-00229519-00229855 information on it um
+ha89sfisYE0-01185-00229856-00230023 in relation to the market and what i've
+ha89sfisYE0-01186-00230023-00230206 extracted on this slide from the clean
+ha89sfisYE0-01187-00230207-00230375 energy regulator is sort of a
+ha89sfisYE0-01188-00230376-00230655 historic snapshot of the um of the
+ha89sfisYE0-01189-00230656-00230798 carbon price
+ha89sfisYE0-01190-00230800-00231103 um and and talking about i couldn't help
+ha89sfisYE0-01191-00231104-00231255 myself whenever i think of going to
+ha89sfisYE0-01192-00231256-00231423 market i do think of
+ha89sfisYE0-01193-00231423-00231646 of little piggies and um going to
+ha89sfisYE0-01194-00231648-00231798 markets
+ha89sfisYE0-01195-00231800-00232119 excuse the slide there but um
+ha89sfisYE0-01196-00232119-00232327 i think i think brokers and the role of
+ha89sfisYE0-01197-00232328-00232471 brokers is really to buy and sell and
+ha89sfisYE0-01198-00232471-00232639 they're increasingly being used by some
+ha89sfisYE0-01199-00232640-00232855 of those companies with a high
+ha89sfisYE0-01200-00232856-00233031 heavy emitters who have high emissions
+ha89sfisYE0-01201-00233032-00233246 and need to need to buy credits either
+ha89sfisYE0-01202-00233248-00233327 to
+ha89sfisYE0-01203-00233328-00233567 fulfill compliance obligations or
+ha89sfisYE0-01204-00233567-00233694 because of branding and carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-01205-00233696-00233791 neutrality
+ha89sfisYE0-01206-00233792-00233998 commitments and brokers are exactly that
+ha89sfisYE0-01207-00234000-00234142 they're they're people who sit in the
+ha89sfisYE0-01208-00234144-00234191 middle
+ha89sfisYE0-01209-00234192-00234575 and buy and sell credits uh to and from
+ha89sfisYE0-01210-00234576-00234767 you need to make sure they've got um
+ha89sfisYE0-01211-00234767-00234927 financial services licensing and
+ha89sfisYE0-01212-00234928-00235079 accreditation if you're dealing with
+ha89sfisYE0-01213-00235080-00235167 brokers
+ha89sfisYE0-01214-00235167-00235351 and if you're seeking advice on on the
+ha89sfisYE0-01215-00235352-00235575 price of credits
+ha89sfisYE0-01216-00235576-00235798 ensure that you're dealing with people
+ha89sfisYE0-01217-00235800-00235910 that have that
+ha89sfisYE0-01218-00235911-00236110 the carbon industry code of conduct
+ha89sfisYE0-01219-00236111-00236271 which was on the screen before is
+ha89sfisYE0-01220-00236271-00236503 is a useful thing to look at google the
+ha89sfisYE0-01221-00236504-00236655 people that are coming to you and
+ha89sfisYE0-01222-00236656-00236831 talking about it i note that select
+ha89sfisYE0-01223-00236832-00236934 carbon and dean are
+ha89sfisYE0-01224-00236935-00237142 founding signatories of the carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-01225-00237144-00237310 industry code of conduct so they're up
+ha89sfisYE0-01226-00237311-00237567 front helping ensure that the carbon
+ha89sfisYE0-01227-00237567-00237758 industry continues to have the integrity
+ha89sfisYE0-01228-00237759-00237951 it has but make sure if you're not sure
+ha89sfisYE0-01229-00237952-00238110 of who you're talking to hop onto google
+ha89sfisYE0-01230-00238111-00238198 it can be your friend
+ha89sfisYE0-01231-00238200-00238375 and check and ask whether or not their
+ha89sfisYE0-01232-00238376-00238606 signature is to the code and the code
+ha89sfisYE0-01233-00238607-00238694 sets out
+ha89sfisYE0-01234-00238696-00238919 can i sorry i'm going to jump in i'm
+ha89sfisYE0-01235-00238919-00239031 just really conscious
+ha89sfisYE0-01236-00239032-00239255 of the time and i actually had one of my
+ha89sfisYE0-01237-00239256-00239415 questions on the list to talk about that
+ha89sfisYE0-01238-00239416-00239742 code of conduct sorry
+ha89sfisYE0-01239-00239744-00239951 i might if it's a opportunity to jump in
+ha89sfisYE0-01240-00239952-00240134 and sorry to interrupt you and stop you
+ha89sfisYE0-01241-00240135-00240398 there but um we will have plenty of
+ha89sfisYE0-01242-00240400-00240527 opportunity to talk
+ha89sfisYE0-01243-00240528-00240782 i'm going to invite bill mcintosh back
+ha89sfisYE0-01244-00240783-00241023 but we are going to take a break
+ha89sfisYE0-01245-00241023-00241263 i'm just going to flag the fact that we
+ha89sfisYE0-01247-00273231-00273440 you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00000-00000017-00000413 so the question now is how AI forces
+hawI0lnezsQ-00001-00000413-00000695 universities to change and what an
+hawI0lnezsQ-00002-00000696-00000958 ai-powered University of the future
+hawI0lnezsQ-00003-00000959-00001223 could look like and I'm very happy now
+hawI0lnezsQ-00004-00001224-00001481 to introduce Manuel dolora to you he's
+hawI0lnezsQ-00005-00001482-00001721 an economist and entrepreneur he's
+hawI0lnezsQ-00006-00001722-00002002 co-founder founding president and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00007-00002003-00002333 currently clo Chief learning officer of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00008-00002334-00002597 code University you might know the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00009-00002598-00002776 University of applied sciences with
+hawI0lnezsQ-00010-00002777-00003005 study programs related to digital
+hawI0lnezsQ-00011-00003006-00003233 product development and Innovative
+hawI0lnezsQ-00012-00003234-00003527 learning concept based on curiosity and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00013-00003528-00003719 Entrepreneurship and why is it so
+hawI0lnezsQ-00014-00003720-00003925 interesting now to follow this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00015-00003926-00004235 part of the day because a lot of people
+hawI0lnezsQ-00016-00004236-00004625 are kind kind of have a consensus or on
+hawI0lnezsQ-00017-00004626-00004895 that universities will have to change
+hawI0lnezsQ-00018-00004896-00005261 but not on how so let's have a deep dive
+hawI0lnezsQ-00019-00005262-00005572 with Manuel and a very warm Round of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00020-00005573-00005909 Applause accompanying him are you there
+hawI0lnezsQ-00021-00005910-00006215 no not not yet kind of here you go okay
+hawI0lnezsQ-00022-00006216-00006287 here you go
+hawI0lnezsQ-00023-00006288-00006713 [Applause]
+hawI0lnezsQ-00024-00006714-00006953 thank you very much
+hawI0lnezsQ-00025-00006954-00007264 um yeah so don't be confused um I spoke
+hawI0lnezsQ-00026-00007265-00007589 to some of you yesterday in German but I
+hawI0lnezsQ-00027-00007590-00007775 headed this in as a talk in English
+hawI0lnezsQ-00028-00007776-00007996 because I heard that the University
+hawI0lnezsQ-00029-00007997-00008153 future Festival wanted to be more
+hawI0lnezsQ-00030-00008154-00008339 International so I wanted to contribute
+hawI0lnezsQ-00031-00008340-00008657 to that and also code University is an
+hawI0lnezsQ-00032-00008658-00008813 English-speaking Community we have
+hawI0lnezsQ-00033-00008814-00009017 students from 80 different countries so
+hawI0lnezsQ-00034-00009018-00009251 everything we do is in English and of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00035-00009252-00009485 course talking about Ai and algorithms
+hawI0lnezsQ-00036-00009486-00009677 means we're using a lot of English words
+hawI0lnezsQ-00037-00009678-00009833 anyway so
+hawI0lnezsQ-00038-00009834-00009995 um I thought would be a good idea to do
+hawI0lnezsQ-00039-00009996-00010181 this talk in English
+hawI0lnezsQ-00040-00010182-00010559 and let me start with something that is
+hawI0lnezsQ-00041-00010560-00010823 a bit more looking into the past than
+hawI0lnezsQ-00042-00010824-00011038 into the future
+hawI0lnezsQ-00043-00011039-00011128 um
+hawI0lnezsQ-00044-00011129-00011506 what you see here is an ad
+hawI0lnezsQ-00045-00011507-00011809 an ad from the New York Edison Company
+hawI0lnezsQ-00046-00011810-00012263 that was posted in 1920 in a New York
+hawI0lnezsQ-00047-00012264-00012406 newspaper
+hawI0lnezsQ-00048-00012407-00012646 and it was basically advertising the use
+hawI0lnezsQ-00049-00012647-00012833 of electricity
+hawI0lnezsQ-00050-00012834-00013138 because back in the days electricity of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00051-00013140-00013319 course was already there it was
+hawI0lnezsQ-00052-00013319-00013583 discovered but people weren't weren't
+hawI0lnezsQ-00053-00013584-00013780 using it because they were used to the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00054-00013781-00014038 old ways doing things with steam-powered
+hawI0lnezsQ-00055-00014040-00014393 engines and just other other means than
+hawI0lnezsQ-00056-00014394-00014741 electricity so Edison and his his team
+hawI0lnezsQ-00057-00014741-00014969 they thought it wouldn't be necessary to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00058-00014969-00015216 explain to people what they could use
+hawI0lnezsQ-00059-00015218-00015443 electricity for and how they could
+hawI0lnezsQ-00060-00015444-00015661 change the way they were doing things
+hawI0lnezsQ-00061-00015662-00016121 and I'm using this as an example of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00062-00016122-00016288 um something that seems quite obvious
+hawI0lnezsQ-00063-00016290-00016541 for people who are already involved
+hawI0lnezsQ-00064-00016542-00016739 for people who are already
+hawI0lnezsQ-00065-00016740-00016847 um
+hawI0lnezsQ-00066-00016848-00017129 yeah in a way it have been introduced to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00067-00017130-00017327 a new technology and have already
+hawI0lnezsQ-00068-00017328-00017525 started thinking about how to use this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00069-00017526-00017699 technology and how it changes our lives
+hawI0lnezsQ-00070-00017700-00017999 and the future we are going to live in
+hawI0lnezsQ-00071-00018000-00018275 while a lot of other people aren't aware
+hawI0lnezsQ-00072-00018276-00018449 of the fact that this technology even
+hawI0lnezsQ-00073-00018450-00018797 exists we're all in a way suffering from
+hawI0lnezsQ-00074-00018798-00019169 the curse of knowledge there is a very
+hawI0lnezsQ-00075-00019170-00019403 interesting experiment done by a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00076-00019404-00019625 Stanford psychology student
+hawI0lnezsQ-00077-00019626-00019907 um maybe we can do this together just as
+hawI0lnezsQ-00078-00019908-00020207 an experiment I'll I'll clap a rhythm to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00079-00020208-00020279 you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00080-00020280-00020597 and your job is to guess the song that
+hawI0lnezsQ-00081-00020598-00020758 I'm clapping
+hawI0lnezsQ-00082-00020759-00022355 it's very quickly
+hawI0lnezsQ-00083-00022356-00022511 if you don't know the experiment do you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00084-00022512-00022933 have any idea what the song might be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00085-00022934-00023243 okay that's a bad example I would I was
+hawI0lnezsQ-00086-00023244-00023333 trying to demonstrate something
+hawI0lnezsQ-00087-00023334-00023561 different so they did a study
+hawI0lnezsQ-00088-00023562-00023825 um they took some famous songs and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00089-00023826-00024011 students were clapping these to other
+hawI0lnezsQ-00090-00024012-00024257 students and it turned out that only 2.5
+hawI0lnezsQ-00091-00024258-00024485 percent of the students that these songs
+hawI0lnezsQ-00092-00024486-00024785 were clapped to were actually able to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00093-00024786-00024941 discover the song
+hawI0lnezsQ-00094-00024942-00025127 um the other students were clapping the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00095-00025128-00025283 interesting thing wasn't that there were
+hawI0lnezsQ-00096-00025284-00025469 only 2.5 percent of the students who
+hawI0lnezsQ-00097-00025470-00025690 discovered the song but that the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00098-00025691-00025955 students who were clapping believed that
+hawI0lnezsQ-00099-00025956-00026273 it would be 50 because they already knew
+hawI0lnezsQ-00100-00026274-00026549 and once you know you cannot you cannot
+hawI0lnezsQ-00101-00026550-00026770 imagine anymore what it feels like not
+hawI0lnezsQ-00102-00026772-00026968 to know and I think that's something
+hawI0lnezsQ-00103-00026969-00027112 we're all suffering from in a bit
+hawI0lnezsQ-00104-00027113-00027299 because of course this is another talk
+hawI0lnezsQ-00105-00027300-00027485 about Ai and we've only been talking
+hawI0lnezsQ-00106-00027486-00027640 about AI the whole day and the day
+hawI0lnezsQ-00107-00027641-00027851 yesterday so it feels like isn't it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00108-00027852-00028061 already enough no it's not because we're
+hawI0lnezsQ-00109-00028062-00028235 in this bubble and we are all suffering
+hawI0lnezsQ-00110-00028236-00028408 from this curse of knowledge there's a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00111-00028410-00028667 quote from a science fiction author a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00112-00028668-00028870 blanking on the name he said the future
+hawI0lnezsQ-00113-00028872-00029146 is already here it's just unevenly
+hawI0lnezsQ-00114-00029147-00029279 distributed
+hawI0lnezsQ-00115-00029280-00029458 and I think this is what's happening
+hawI0lnezsQ-00116-00029460-00029668 right now we are all living in this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00117-00029669-00029837 future already we are using these tools
+hawI0lnezsQ-00118-00029838-00029957 we're getting introduced to the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00119-00029958-00030107 technology we're thinking about how it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00120-00030108-00030346 might change the future while right next
+hawI0lnezsQ-00121-00030347-00030557 door in a hospital or in a school
+hawI0lnezsQ-00122-00030558-00030724 nobody's even thinking about this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00123-00030725-00030935 technology let alone started using it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00124-00030936-00031139 already so that's why I think it's it's
+hawI0lnezsQ-00125-00031139-00031373 very important that we also think about
+hawI0lnezsQ-00126-00031374-00031612 educational institutions and how they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00127-00031613-00031823 can start introducing not just their
+hawI0lnezsQ-00128-00031824-00032008 students but basically everyone involved
+hawI0lnezsQ-00129-00032010-00032237 to this technology and how we can use it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00130-00032238-00032374 and make sure that everyone gets a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00131-00032375-00032573 chance to start working with it and get
+hawI0lnezsQ-00132-00032574-00032740 an idea of the future we're all going to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00133-00032741-00032885 live in
+hawI0lnezsQ-00134-00032886-00033112 but of course doing this predictions
+hawI0lnezsQ-00135-00033113-00033299 talking about this kind of future is
+hawI0lnezsQ-00136-00033300-00033431 hard because these predictions
+hawI0lnezsQ-00137-00033432-00033659 especially about the future are
+hawI0lnezsQ-00138-00033660-00033839 unreliable and when we might be wrong
+hawI0lnezsQ-00139-00033840-00034079 with a lot of things that we're doing
+hawI0lnezsQ-00140-00034080-00034265 but we need to have these kinds of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00141-00034266-00034481 predictions because as Educators it is
+hawI0lnezsQ-00142-00034482-00034799 our job to prepare students of any age
+hawI0lnezsQ-00143-00034800-00034961 for the future
+hawI0lnezsQ-00144-00034962-00035218 and this future includes the future in 5
+hawI0lnezsQ-00145-00035219-00035435 or 10 or even 15 years that's the future
+hawI0lnezsQ-00146-00035436-00035674 our students need to be able to not just
+hawI0lnezsQ-00147-00035675-00035951 survive in but thrive in be successful
+hawI0lnezsQ-00148-00035952-00036251 be co-creating and co-designing the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00149-00036252-00036461 society they're living in so we have to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00150-00036462-00036640 have an idea what this future looks like
+hawI0lnezsQ-00151-00036641-00036881 because if we don't how are we able to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00152-00036882-00037037 prepare our students for it how are we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00153-00037038-00037240 able to figure out what it takes
+hawI0lnezsQ-00154-00037241-00037655 uh to be successful in this future
+hawI0lnezsQ-00155-00037656-00037901 and we can all agree I think you've all
+hawI0lnezsQ-00156-00037902-00038099 heard this we are preparing our students
+hawI0lnezsQ-00157-00038100-00038321 for the vuca world
+hawI0lnezsQ-00158-00038322-00038585 um and wuka typically stands for uh
+hawI0lnezsQ-00159-00038586-00038861 volatility uncertainty complexity and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00160-00038862-00039095 ambiguity that is what the future
+hawI0lnezsQ-00161-00039096-00039280 definitely looks like it's already there
+hawI0lnezsQ-00162-00039281-00039437 you can already feel it every day
+hawI0lnezsQ-00163-00039438-00039629 everything is becoming more volatile
+hawI0lnezsQ-00164-00039630-00039827 more uncertain more complex and more
+hawI0lnezsQ-00165-00039828-00040115 ambiguous and I just took the liberty to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00166-00040116-00040559 replace the last one oh with AI That's
+hawI0lnezsQ-00167-00040560-00040696 not how it's supposed to look like but
+hawI0lnezsQ-00168-00040697-00040985 something went wrong with the design but
+hawI0lnezsQ-00169-00040986-00041201 vuca can only of course also stand for
+hawI0lnezsQ-00170-00041202-00041512 for AI instead of ambiguity and I think
+hawI0lnezsQ-00171-00041513-00041717 that's definitely the future we need to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00172-00041718-00041980 prepare students for
+hawI0lnezsQ-00173-00041981-00042323 so I think I'm I'm convinced that we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00174-00042324-00042562 need to rethink higher education
+hawI0lnezsQ-00175-00042563-00042796 for a world or an inner world full of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00176-00042797-00042977 artificial intelligence full of these
+hawI0lnezsQ-00177-00042978-00043180 tools and Technologies full of people
+hawI0lnezsQ-00178-00043181-00043373 who are using it and full of potential
+hawI0lnezsQ-00179-00043374-00043774 to um to use these tools
+hawI0lnezsQ-00180-00043775-00044002 and the question is how do we do that
+hawI0lnezsQ-00181-00044003-00044183 and what would this higher education
+hawI0lnezsQ-00182-00044184-00044483 institution look like
+hawI0lnezsQ-00183-00044484-00044752 so we need to talk about certain certain
+hawI0lnezsQ-00184-00044753-00044945 aspects of of learning certain aspects
+hawI0lnezsQ-00185-00044946-00045143 of higher education and by the way this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00186-00045144-00045371 is where I ran out of time to generate
+hawI0lnezsQ-00187-00045372-00045587 these beautiful background images
+hawI0lnezsQ-00188-00045588-00045862 um that I did before with mid-journey
+hawI0lnezsQ-00189-00045863-00046067 um so from now on it's only black and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00190-00046068-00046187 white
+hawI0lnezsQ-00191-00046188-00046451 so we need to talk about how to prevent
+hawI0lnezsQ-00192-00046452-00046907 students from cheating using AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00193-00046908-00047045 no of course not
+hawI0lnezsQ-00194-00047046-00047243 that's definitely not the topic we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00195-00047244-00047471 should be discussing because if you have
+hawI0lnezsQ-00196-00047472-00047596 an assessment
+hawI0lnezsQ-00197-00047597-00048011 that someone can can pass using AI then
+hawI0lnezsQ-00198-00048012-00048107 you're testing for the wrong
+hawI0lnezsQ-00199-00048108-00048311 competencies then you're testing for a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00200-00048312-00048605 competency that obviously can already be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00201-00048606-00048845 done by an AI so why should a student be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00202-00048846-00049043 concerned with that competency so we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00203-00049044-00049199 need of course to think about other
+hawI0lnezsQ-00204-00049200-00049415 things we need to think about how to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00205-00049416-00049655 redefine and evaluate learning outcomes
+hawI0lnezsQ-00206-00049656-00049883 so what is it that our students need to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00207-00049884-00049967 learn
+hawI0lnezsQ-00208-00049968-00050195 given the fact that they will all be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00209-00050196-00050405 working and living in a world where
+hawI0lnezsQ-00210-00050406-00050645 artificial intelligence tools are
+hawI0lnezsQ-00211-00050646-00050783 everywhere
+hawI0lnezsQ-00212-00050784-00051089 and that is a challenge and it's not
+hawI0lnezsQ-00213-00051090-00051238 easy I will try to give an answer to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00214-00051239-00051358 that but it's definitely not easy
+hawI0lnezsQ-00215-00051359-00051601 because we're so used to testing things
+hawI0lnezsQ-00216-00051602-00051946 that already today can be done by an AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00217-00051947-00052163 that we're definitely in trouble if we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00218-00052164-00052402 don't redefine what we think are
+hawI0lnezsQ-00219-00052403-00052559 meaningful learning outcomes for our
+hawI0lnezsQ-00220-00052560-00052792 students and if we don't redefine how we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00221-00052794-00053021 actually observe and measure successful
+hawI0lnezsQ-00222-00053022-00053285 learning when it comes to students
+hawI0lnezsQ-00223-00053286-00053537 we also need to look at how to redesign
+hawI0lnezsQ-00224-00053538-00053788 learning Concepts and environments
+hawI0lnezsQ-00225-00053789-00054035 that is the next big step if I start
+hawI0lnezsQ-00226-00054036-00054250 questioning the definition of learning
+hawI0lnezsQ-00227-00054251-00054359 outcomes
+hawI0lnezsQ-00228-00054360-00054569 then I also have to look at the learning
+hawI0lnezsQ-00229-00054570-00054761 environment that we're providing and our
+hawI0lnezsQ-00230-00054762-00054911 learning environments in schools and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00231-00054912-00055066 also in universities are very much
+hawI0lnezsQ-00232-00055067-00055354 designed to just passing on knowledge to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00233-00055355-00055504 students and then testing them whether
+hawI0lnezsQ-00234-00055505-00055703 or not they've memorized this knowledge
+hawI0lnezsQ-00235-00055704-00055942 and we need to rethink the way our
+hawI0lnezsQ-00236-00055944-00056104 learning environments are designed we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00237-00056105-00056285 need to rethink how the learning
+hawI0lnezsQ-00238-00056286-00056476 Concepts work and what kind of Freedom
+hawI0lnezsQ-00239-00056477-00056675 they give to our students to explore
+hawI0lnezsQ-00240-00056676-00056866 what kind of challenges they present to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00241-00056867-00057088 the students so this is another big
+hawI0lnezsQ-00242-00057089-00057257 Challenge and I think we have to look
+hawI0lnezsQ-00243-00057258-00057437 into this more closely
+hawI0lnezsQ-00244-00057438-00057688 and the third thing is we of course have
+hawI0lnezsQ-00245-00057689-00057904 to think about how to not educate but
+hawI0lnezsQ-00246-00057905-00058288 Empower our students and help them to be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00247-00058289-00058487 the ones in charge not just when it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00248-00058488-00058638 comes to their own learning experience
+hawI0lnezsQ-00249-00058639-00058907 but also of course when it comes to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00250-00058908-00059194 learning about AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00251-00059195-00059513 understand the technology have be able
+hawI0lnezsQ-00252-00059514-00059711 to know enough about this technology to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00253-00059712-00059879 have an idea of what it might do in the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00254-00059879-00060094 future and how it might impact them
+hawI0lnezsQ-00255-00060095-00060388 also to learn with AI to use this as a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00256-00060389-00060580 tool that can enhance learning I'm
+hawI0lnezsQ-00257-00060582-00060725 dreaming of a university where every
+hawI0lnezsQ-00258-00060726-00060857 student has a personal learning
+hawI0lnezsQ-00259-00060858-00061091 assistant that's tailored to their needs
+hawI0lnezsQ-00260-00061091-00061282 that's really a learning assistant a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00261-00061283-00061438 digital one that knows what the students
+hawI0lnezsQ-00262-00061439-00061565 are struggling with what they're looking
+hawI0lnezsQ-00263-00061566-00061750 for presents the best learning resources
+hawI0lnezsQ-00264-00061751-00062021 helps them overcome procrastination and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00265-00062022-00062297 so on so this is all the things that AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00266-00062298-00062447 can do and our students need to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00267-00062448-00062632 understand how to do it we need to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00268-00062633-00062807 empower them so they can they they are
+hawI0lnezsQ-00269-00062808-00063004 able to do this themselves and they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00270-00063005-00063203 should be able to experience and explore
+hawI0lnezsQ-00271-00063204-00063550 the potential of AI so they need to be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00272-00063551-00063754 the active part in that it's not enough
+hawI0lnezsQ-00273-00063755-00063935 to lecture them about it they need to be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00274-00063936-00064138 able to do this by themselves to really
+hawI0lnezsQ-00275-00064139-00064319 experience what it means to use this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00276-00064320-00064516 technology to understand its limitations
+hawI0lnezsQ-00277-00064517-00064787 and also its potential so that is means
+hawI0lnezsQ-00278-00064788-00064966 redesigning and rethinking the learning
+hawI0lnezsQ-00279-00064967-00065226 environments we present
+hawI0lnezsQ-00280-00065227-00065453 and of course we're preparing our
+hawI0lnezsQ-00281-00065454-00065705 students for a future but it's not a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00282-00065706-00065897 future where AI takes away your job it's
+hawI0lnezsQ-00283-00065898-00066094 a future and I think we've also touched
+hawI0lnezsQ-00284-00066095-00066388 on this in other talks it's a future
+hawI0lnezsQ-00285-00066389-00066635 where someone using AI understanding AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00286-00066636-00066844 enough that they can use it to leverage
+hawI0lnezsQ-00287-00066845-00067049 their own output to be more productive
+hawI0lnezsQ-00288-00067050-00067282 and more creative is taking away the job
+hawI0lnezsQ-00289-00067283-00067505 from someone who doesn't so this is
+hawI0lnezsQ-00290-00067506-00067673 definitely something our students need
+hawI0lnezsQ-00291-00067674-00067949 to understand and be able to do to not
+hawI0lnezsQ-00292-00067950-00068123 just survive but be successful and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00293-00068124-00068279 thrive in this future we're preparing
+hawI0lnezsQ-00294-00068280-00068482 them for
+hawI0lnezsQ-00295-00068483-00068717 and by the way if you know who said this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00296-00068718-00068932 for the first time um I'd be happy to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00297-00068933-00069100 hear
+hawI0lnezsQ-00298-00069101-00069400 so let's imagine this kind of University
+hawI0lnezsQ-00299-00069401-00069556 of the future
+hawI0lnezsQ-00300-00069557-00069755 where
+hawI0lnezsQ-00301-00069756-00069917 researchers
+hawI0lnezsQ-00302-00069918-00070163 are able to tap into the potential of AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00303-00070164-00070367 so far I'm only I've been only talking
+hawI0lnezsQ-00304-00070368-00070499 about students but it's also about
+hawI0lnezsQ-00305-00070500-00070738 researchers when I say researchers I
+hawI0lnezsQ-00306-00070739-00070919 don't just mean computer scientists and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00307-00070920-00071206 mathematicians I mean every researcher
+hawI0lnezsQ-00308-00071207-00071476 researchers in biology researchers in
+hawI0lnezsQ-00309-00071477-00071675 chemistry but also researchers in the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00310-00071676-00071897 social science and the humanities
+hawI0lnezsQ-00311-00071898-00072226 imagine what AI can do when it comes to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00312-00072227-00072437 qualitative research data collection and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00313-00072438-00072744 data analysis you can be so much more
+hawI0lnezsQ-00314-00072745-00073037 productive in your own research if as a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00315-00073038-00073223 researcher you understand the tools and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00316-00073224-00073517 the technology you can use so this is
+hawI0lnezsQ-00317-00073518-00073655 definitely something our universities
+hawI0lnezsQ-00318-00073656-00073859 need to do we need to introduce all of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00319-00073860-00074015 our researchers to these tools and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00320-00074016-00074182 Technologies so they can start
+hawI0lnezsQ-00321-00074183-00074356 incorporating this into their research
+hawI0lnezsQ-00322-00074357-00074561 and from a perspective of the humanities
+hawI0lnezsQ-00323-00074562-00074843 also do research on the technology and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00324-00074844-00075076 how it influences our society so we can
+hawI0lnezsQ-00325-00075077-00075238 also have a discussion about AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00326-00075239-00075394 alignment and what this future might
+hawI0lnezsQ-00327-00075395-00075575 look like and how we can maybe shape it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00328-00075576-00075875 so it's a bit more human friendly than
+hawI0lnezsQ-00329-00075876-00076097 it could end up
+hawI0lnezsQ-00330-00076098-00076331 and of course imagine a universities
+hawI0lnezsQ-00331-00076332-00076547 where all professors again not just the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00332-00076548-00076732 computer scientists but all professors
+hawI0lnezsQ-00333-00076733-00077009 have an idea of how AI impacts their
+hawI0lnezsQ-00334-00077010-00077105 field
+hawI0lnezsQ-00335-00077106-00077393 if you are an architecture professor and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00336-00077394-00077555 you're preparing your students to become
+hawI0lnezsQ-00337-00077556-00077759 architects in a future that's five or
+hawI0lnezsQ-00338-00077760-00077956 ten years from now
+hawI0lnezsQ-00339-00077957-00078179 you need to have an idea of what how the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00340-00078180-00078394 field of architecture looks like
+hawI0lnezsQ-00341-00078395-00078629 with all these tools out there and again
+hawI0lnezsQ-00342-00078630-00078791 we're not talking about the tools as
+hawI0lnezsQ-00343-00078792-00078941 they are today we're talking about the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00344-00078942-00079115 tools as they will be five or ten years
+hawI0lnezsQ-00345-00079116-00079349 from now so you as a professor you need
+hawI0lnezsQ-00346-00079350-00079529 to have an understanding of these tools
+hawI0lnezsQ-00347-00079530-00079756 and technology so you yourself can come
+hawI0lnezsQ-00348-00079757-00079937 up with an idea of how this future looks
+hawI0lnezsQ-00349-00079938-00080267 like and the same goes for people in the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00350-00080268-00080429 field of medicine if you're preparing
+hawI0lnezsQ-00351-00080430-00080632 your students to be future doctors they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00352-00080633-00080831 need to know how to work with data how
+hawI0lnezsQ-00353-00080832-00081029 to work with algorithms how to use this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00354-00081030-00081238 because it's already changing the way we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00355-00081239-00081443 do medicine we do diagnosis and find out
+hawI0lnezsQ-00356-00081444-00081700 the best therapies and evaluate outcomes
+hawI0lnezsQ-00357-00081701-00081917 and that's going to be their part part
+hawI0lnezsQ-00358-00081918-00082175 of their lives and of course if you are
+hawI0lnezsQ-00359-00082176-00082415 the one teaching future teachers
+hawI0lnezsQ-00360-00082416-00082691 it is vitally important that they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00361-00082692-00082853 themselves have an idea of what this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00362-00082854-00083032 future looks like so they can pass it on
+hawI0lnezsQ-00363-00083033-00083194 to their students as well
+hawI0lnezsQ-00364-00083195-00083411 so that's a discussion we have to have
+hawI0lnezsQ-00365-00083412-00083615 in our universities with everyone who's
+hawI0lnezsQ-00366-00083616-00083765 involved in teaching and preparing
+hawI0lnezsQ-00367-00083766-00083944 students they need to have an
+hawI0lnezsQ-00368-00083945-00084125 understanding of the technology so they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00369-00084126-00084311 can figure out what it will do to their
+hawI0lnezsQ-00370-00084312-00084532 field and how it changes the way we need
+hawI0lnezsQ-00371-00084533-00085426 to prepare students for certain jobs
+hawI0lnezsQ-00372-00085427-00085649 enabled and encouraged to work with AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00373-00085650-00085859 so let's imagine a university where this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00374-00085860-00086009 is possible where students are not just
+hawI0lnezsQ-00375-00086010-00086249 learning but actually using the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00376-00086250-00086512 technology and experimenting with it and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00377-00086513-00086753 getting getting familiar with it and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00378-00086754-00086903 this is probably the biggest challenge
+hawI0lnezsQ-00379-00086904-00087088 of course you can introduce your
+hawI0lnezsQ-00380-00087089-00087250 professors to this technology and have
+hawI0lnezsQ-00381-00087251-00087400 discussion groups about how it might
+hawI0lnezsQ-00382-00087401-00087544 change the field of biology or
+hawI0lnezsQ-00383-00087545-00087767 architecture but how do you change the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00384-00087768-00087923 learning Concepts so students can
+hawI0lnezsQ-00385-00087924-00088205 actually start using these tools that's
+hawI0lnezsQ-00386-00088206-00088535 definitely one of the biggest challenge
+hawI0lnezsQ-00387-00088536-00088859 and in the end let's re-imagine the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00388-00088860-00089099 whole university a whole university that
+hawI0lnezsQ-00389-00089100-00089303 has been redesigned with the the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00390-00089304-00089597 potential but also the threats of AI in
+hawI0lnezsQ-00391-00089598-00089849 mind and it this goes on you can think
+hawI0lnezsQ-00392-00089850-00090071 about learning uh platforms that are not
+hawI0lnezsQ-00393-00090072-00090232 just for administration but actually
+hawI0lnezsQ-00394-00090233-00090406 supporting students learning experience
+hawI0lnezsQ-00395-00090407-00090623 you can start collecting data not just
+hawI0lnezsQ-00396-00090624-00090826 to have data or to sell it but actually
+hawI0lnezsQ-00397-00090827-00091012 to support your students in a better way
+hawI0lnezsQ-00398-00091013-00091181 to understand how they are learning
+hawI0lnezsQ-00399-00091182-00091385 where they are struggling so all of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00400-00091386-00091588 these things could be done if we start
+hawI0lnezsQ-00401-00091589-00091805 rethinking and redesigning the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00402-00091806-00091949 university experience for everyone
+hawI0lnezsQ-00403-00091950-00092165 involved with the technology that we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00404-00092166-00092344 have today and also with the technology
+hawI0lnezsQ-00405-00092345-00092603 that we will have or might have in the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00406-00092604-00092711 future
+hawI0lnezsQ-00407-00092712-00092885 that is the discussion that we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00408-00092886-00093094 desperately need to have
+hawI0lnezsQ-00409-00093095-00093232 so
+hawI0lnezsQ-00410-00093233-00093382 what should we do
+hawI0lnezsQ-00411-00093383-00093581 I mean of course we should come together
+hawI0lnezsQ-00412-00093582-00093773 as we do here and have these kinds of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00413-00093774-00093923 discussions but I think we can do more
+hawI0lnezsQ-00414-00093924-00094205 so maybe let's focus on project-based
+hawI0lnezsQ-00415-00094206-00094385 learning because for me that's the key
+hawI0lnezsQ-00416-00094386-00094612 of helping students be in charge of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00417-00094613-00094793 their own learning experience and get
+hawI0lnezsQ-00418-00094794-00095026 the chance to work with these tools and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00419-00095027-00095321 Technologies so give them the chance to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00420-00095322-00095609 use AI in their projects to figure out
+hawI0lnezsQ-00421-00095610-00095873 what they can do in their field whatever
+hawI0lnezsQ-00422-00095874-00096071 the challenge will be and see how they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00423-00096072-00096293 can use this technology in a meaningful
+hawI0lnezsQ-00424-00096294-00096443 way so it actually makes a difference
+hawI0lnezsQ-00425-00096444-00096676 and solves some kind of problem once
+hawI0lnezsQ-00426-00096677-00096832 students get a chance to do that they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00427-00096833-00097037 will start asking questions and they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00428-00097038-00097181 will ask different questions and if
+hawI0lnezsQ-00429-00097182-00097415 you're just lecturing them they will ask
+hawI0lnezsQ-00430-00097416-00097600 new questions but they will also have a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00431-00097601-00097829 motivation to learn more and then that
+hawI0lnezsQ-00432-00097830-00097991 means they're familiarizing themselves
+hawI0lnezsQ-00433-00097992-00098231 with the topic in a different way so I
+hawI0lnezsQ-00434-00098232-00098435 think that's one of the ways forward to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00435-00098436-00098585 find out how to introduce more
+hawI0lnezsQ-00436-00098586-00098794 project-based learning into the learning
+hawI0lnezsQ-00437-00098795-00098962 environments that we have today in
+hawI0lnezsQ-00438-00098963-00099173 schools and also in universities because
+hawI0lnezsQ-00439-00099174-00099335 it's the best way not just to introduce
+hawI0lnezsQ-00440-00099336-00099526 students new technologies and help them
+hawI0lnezsQ-00441-00099527-00099785 understand it but also for students to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00442-00099786-00099911 have this experience of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00443-00099912-00100144 self-determination that they are not
+hawI0lnezsQ-00444-00100145-00100450 just a product or some small
+hawI0lnezsQ-00445-00100451-00100679 piece of a bigger bigger puzzle but they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00446-00100680-00100853 can actually do something they can make
+hawI0lnezsQ-00447-00100854-00101038 a difference with what they're doing and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00448-00101039-00101206 apart from all the AI discussions I
+hawI0lnezsQ-00449-00101207-00101321 think one of the most important
+hawI0lnezsQ-00450-00101322-00101543 experiences in learning is this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00451-00101544-00101771 experience of self-determination that
+hawI0lnezsQ-00452-00101772-00101926 you yourself matter and that you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00453-00101927-00102071 yourself make a difference with what
+hawI0lnezsQ-00454-00102072-00102268 you're doing that's very that's a very
+hawI0lnezsQ-00455-00102269-00102490 boring part so we can hit two birds with
+hawI0lnezsQ-00456-00102491-00102778 one stone here we can use project-based
+hawI0lnezsQ-00457-00102779-00102923 learning to introduce students to new
+hawI0lnezsQ-00458-00102924-00103121 technologies and allow them to explore
+hawI0lnezsQ-00459-00103122-00103427 and also help them have this feeling of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00460-00103428-00103613 self-determination and self-efficacy
+hawI0lnezsQ-00461-00103614-00103780 here
+hawI0lnezsQ-00462-00103781-00104099 we also need in every University have
+hawI0lnezsQ-00463-00104100-00104315 something that we at code call science
+hawI0lnezsQ-00464-00104316-00104599 technology and Society program where
+hawI0lnezsQ-00465-00104600-00104830 scientists researchers students
+hawI0lnezsQ-00466-00104831-00104986 professors from all disciplines and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00467-00104988-00105154 Fields come together and have a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00468-00105155-00105340 discussion about how this technology
+hawI0lnezsQ-00469-00105341-00105593 influences science and influences our
+hawI0lnezsQ-00470-00105594-00105778 society we have to have these
+hawI0lnezsQ-00471-00105779-00105971 discussions we have we've touched on the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00472-00105972-00106216 alignment problem quite a few times we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00473-00106217-00106433 need to and universities should be the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00474-00106433-00106625 place where this discussion happens
+hawI0lnezsQ-00475-00106626-00106840 where people from all Fields come
+hawI0lnezsQ-00476-00106841-00107093 together and think about this and agree
+hawI0lnezsQ-00477-00107094-00107308 or disagree on certain ideas that we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00478-00107309-00107447 have for the future and what we can do
+hawI0lnezsQ-00479-00107448-00107657 today to shape this future into
+hawI0lnezsQ-00480-00107658-00107939 something that we all want to live in
+hawI0lnezsQ-00481-00107940-00108077 um as I said we call this science
+hawI0lnezsQ-00482-00108078-00108269 technology in society you can call it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00483-00108270-00108431 whatever you want but you need to start
+hawI0lnezsQ-00484-00108432-00108604 bringing people together and not just
+hawI0lnezsQ-00485-00108605-00108784 educating them about the technology but
+hawI0lnezsQ-00486-00108785-00108947 bringing them together to have these
+hawI0lnezsQ-00487-00108948-00109157 kinds of discussions
+hawI0lnezsQ-00488-00109158-00109336 and the last thing no it's not the last
+hawI0lnezsQ-00489-00109338-00109523 thing sorry we need to have technology
+hawI0lnezsQ-00490-00109524-00109757 Literacy for all so the basic data
+hawI0lnezsQ-00491-00109758-00109943 literacy techno literacy that allows you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00492-00109944-00110104 to even start understanding the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00493-00110105-00110290 technology I mean we've had talks here
+hawI0lnezsQ-00494-00110291-00110566 yesterday that already went pretty deep
+hawI0lnezsQ-00495-00110567-00110795 in terms of what the technology is and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00496-00110796-00110969 how it works and how it might progress
+hawI0lnezsQ-00497-00110970-00111245 we should all be able to understand at
+hawI0lnezsQ-00498-00111246-00111460 least what's going on there so basic
+hawI0lnezsQ-00499-00111461-00111689 technical techno literacy should be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00500-00111690-00111940 something that's for everyone every
+hawI0lnezsQ-00501-00111941-00112078 student again not just the computer
+hawI0lnezsQ-00502-00112079-00112336 scientists but really everyone needs to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00503-00112338-00112534 have this basic understanding it's
+hawI0lnezsQ-00504-00112535-00112702 probably as important as being able to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00505-00112703-00112960 read and write in these days
+hawI0lnezsQ-00506-00112961-00113363 and we need to empower our educators
+hawI0lnezsQ-00507-00113364-00113645 we need to empower our Educators so they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00508-00113646-00113866 themselves can learn they themselves can
+hawI0lnezsQ-00509-00113867-00114136 develop these new ideas and then start
+hawI0lnezsQ-00510-00114138-00114281 passing them on to their students
+hawI0lnezsQ-00511-00114282-00114478 redesigning and recreating the learning
+hawI0lnezsQ-00512-00114479-00114628 environments
+hawI0lnezsQ-00513-00114629-00114875 um because if we don't these Educators
+hawI0lnezsQ-00514-00114876-00115097 they are kind of the multipliers that we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00515-00115098-00115402 need so this is a main focus for me um
+hawI0lnezsQ-00516-00115403-00115516 and I think it should be for everyone
+hawI0lnezsQ-00517-00115517-00115834 for every Institution
+hawI0lnezsQ-00518-00115835-00116069 the best way to predict the future is to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00519-00116070-00116171 invent it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00520-00116172-00116381 that's a quote from Alan K one of her
+hawI0lnezsQ-00521-00116382-00116663 early computer pioneers and it is really
+hawI0lnezsQ-00522-00116664-00116884 the best way to express what I think we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00523-00116885-00117040 should all be trying to do
+hawI0lnezsQ-00524-00117041-00117245 we of course ourselves can try to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00525-00117246-00117478 predict the future by inventing it but
+hawI0lnezsQ-00526-00117479-00117640 more importantly we should enable our
+hawI0lnezsQ-00527-00117641-00117965 students to invent their own future
+hawI0lnezsQ-00528-00117966-00118228 and that in the age of AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00529-00118229-00118740 thank you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00530-00118741-00119033 thank you so very much
+hawI0lnezsQ-00531-00119033-00119302 my first question is about which
+hawI0lnezsQ-00532-00119303-00119483 students are you talking
+hawI0lnezsQ-00533-00119483-00119866 all of them like all faculties yes I
+hawI0lnezsQ-00534-00119867-00120004 think that's the main difference in this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00535-00120005-00120352 discussion most of the time focusing on
+hawI0lnezsQ-00536-00120353-00120557 computer scientists informatic in
+hawI0lnezsQ-00537-00120558-00120754 Germany or statisticians or
+hawI0lnezsQ-00538-00120755-00120978 mathematicians I think this is a basic
+hawI0lnezsQ-00539-00120979-00121271 illiteracy techno literacy and everyone
+hawI0lnezsQ-00540-00121272-00121433 should be part of this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00541-00121433-00121571 okay
+hawI0lnezsQ-00542-00121572-00121721 um
+hawI0lnezsQ-00543-00121722-00121973 if you have to do with the car or the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00544-00121974-00122375 car and car and the pace of move towards
+hawI0lnezsQ-00545-00122376-00122663 the future it might not exactly be the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00546-00122664-00122873 pace of chat gbt
+hawI0lnezsQ-00547-00122874-00123113 so we have this incredible gap of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00548-00123114-00123358 transformation here and there and we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00549-00123359-00123569 talked about school books earlier
+hawI0lnezsQ-00550-00123570-00123869 so how do we bring this closer together
+hawI0lnezsQ-00551-00123870-00124060 because it's very you know these
+hawI0lnezsQ-00552-00124061-00124283 professors they might hold on to what
+hawI0lnezsQ-00553-00124283-00124528 they learned Etc so how to really create
+hawI0lnezsQ-00554-00124529-00124786 an openness within the ecosystem of of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00555-00124788-00125104 your University learning for becoming a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00556-00125105-00125254 co-pilot
+hawI0lnezsQ-00557-00125255-00125621 embracing the AI for all faculties how I
+hawI0lnezsQ-00558-00125622-00125747 think we need to start with the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00559-00125748-00125945 Educators the teachers the professors I
+hawI0lnezsQ-00560-00125946-00126136 think that's the key and with every
+hawI0lnezsQ-00561-00126138-00126389 every team every University every school
+hawI0lnezsQ-00562-00126390-00126610 you will have some who will be reluctant
+hawI0lnezsQ-00563-00126611-00126802 to to move into that direction and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00564-00126803-00126958 probably say hey I'm gonna be out here
+hawI0lnezsQ-00565-00126959-00127084 in a couple of years I don't really care
+hawI0lnezsQ-00566-00127085-00127265 leave me alone but there will also be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00567-00127266-00127510 those who will happily Embrace this and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00568-00127511-00127684 every chance they get to learn about
+hawI0lnezsQ-00569-00127685-00127889 this and figure out how they can help
+hawI0lnezsQ-00570-00127890-00128086 their students these are the multipliers
+hawI0lnezsQ-00571-00128088-00128243 that we need so we need to focus on
+hawI0lnezsQ-00572-00128244-00128423 empowering and training the Educators
+hawI0lnezsQ-00573-00128424-00128704 because if we wait for our cars and calm
+hawI0lnezsQ-00574-00128705-00128866 cars to actually change the the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00575-00128867-00129089 framework that we're operating in then I
+hawI0lnezsQ-00576-00129090-00129316 agree um then it's probably too late for
+hawI0lnezsQ-00577-00129317-00129514 it okay unfortunately I don't have the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00578-00129515-00129671 tablet in the moment because it went
+hawI0lnezsQ-00579-00129672-00129881 black so I can't take the digital
+hawI0lnezsQ-00580-00129882-00130097 questions I very much apologize for that
+hawI0lnezsQ-00581-00130098-00130264 I'm very happy to take your questions in
+hawI0lnezsQ-00582-00130265-00130439 the room yeah we have one in third row
+hawI0lnezsQ-00583-00130440-00130625 and we work on the tablet to bring it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00584-00130626-00130999 back my name is
+hawI0lnezsQ-00585-00131000-00131413 dear Manuel I have a question about
+hawI0lnezsQ-00586-00131414-00131831 AI in education so I think we need to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00587-00131832-00132125 distinguish between students and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00588-00132126-00132473 Educators using Ai and students and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00589-00132474-00132881 Educators building their own AI of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00590-00132882-00133127 course at code University you are
+hawI0lnezsQ-00591-00133128-00133361 educating your students to build their
+hawI0lnezsQ-00592-00133362-00133475 own AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00593-00133476-00133673 but
+hawI0lnezsQ-00594-00133674-00133849 shouldn't
+hawI0lnezsQ-00595-00133850-00134363 students from all subjects be able to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00596-00134364-00134587 build their own AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00597-00134588-00134987 or to to experience how it is being
+hawI0lnezsQ-00598-00134988-00135359 built I have an example we have a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00599-00135360-00135689 Finance Professor who says I have tons
+hawI0lnezsQ-00600-00135690-00135881 of data I have ideas what I want to do
+hawI0lnezsQ-00601-00135882-00136216 with the data but AI is a black box I
+hawI0lnezsQ-00602-00136217-00136577 don't know how to use AI how to employ
+hawI0lnezsQ-00603-00136578-00136954 it and then I cannot cannot teach it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00604-00136955-00137143 so
+hawI0lnezsQ-00605-00137144-00137411 every school student every high school
+hawI0lnezsQ-00606-00137412-00137578 student
+hawI0lnezsQ-00607-00137579-00138011 will use chat GPT but that's not the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00608-00138012-00138269 same as actually understanding how to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00609-00138270-00138671 build their own AI application uh what
+hawI0lnezsQ-00610-00138672-00138857 do you think about that yeah that's an
+hawI0lnezsQ-00611-00138858-00139007 excellent point I don't think it's
+hawI0lnezsQ-00612-00139008-00139145 actually a black and white thing where
+hawI0lnezsQ-00613-00139146-00139307 you say you're either either using it or
+hawI0lnezsQ-00614-00139308-00139535 you're building your own training your
+hawI0lnezsQ-00615-00139536-00139739 own algorithms I think there's a gray
+hawI0lnezsQ-00616-00139740-00139925 area in between and we have to move into
+hawI0lnezsQ-00617-00139926-00140147 that I absolutely agree it's not enough
+hawI0lnezsQ-00618-00140148-00140440 to just be able to use chat GPT
+hawI0lnezsQ-00619-00140441-00140699 um but my 10 year old can do this you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00620-00140700-00140843 have to start understanding how the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00621-00140844-00141011 technology works but then there's still
+hawI0lnezsQ-00622-00141012-00141245 probably a bigger Gap from having a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00623-00141246-00141431 basic understanding of how it works and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00624-00141432-00141628 also their its limitations and its
+hawI0lnezsQ-00625-00141629-00141827 potential to the point where they can
+hawI0lnezsQ-00626-00141828-00141995 say hey I'm training my own algorithms
+hawI0lnezsQ-00627-00141996-00142301 I'm running my own gpus here and so and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00628-00142302-00142487 somewhere in there is probably the sweet
+hawI0lnezsQ-00629-00142488-00142649 spot that we should aim for and that's
+hawI0lnezsQ-00630-00142650-00142852 what I mean with techno literacy it's
+hawI0lnezsQ-00631-00142853-00143128 much more than just knowing how to use a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00632-00143129-00143278 technology in terms of hey there's this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00633-00143279-00143423 screen and I can press buttons and then
+hawI0lnezsQ-00634-00143424-00143573 something happens it's really under
+hawI0lnezsQ-00635-00143574-00143747 understanding what's happening behind
+hawI0lnezsQ-00636-00143748-00143945 the screen but then again there's still
+hawI0lnezsQ-00637-00143946-00144119 a huge gap to the point where you can
+hawI0lnezsQ-00638-00144120-00144251 actually start deploying your own
+hawI0lnezsQ-00639-00144252-00144466 systems but that's definitely a point
+hawI0lnezsQ-00640-00144467-00144623 this where we have to have a discussion
+hawI0lnezsQ-00641-00144624-00144785 about where this sweet spot actually is
+hawI0lnezsQ-00642-00144786-00145031 how much of an understanding do you need
+hawI0lnezsQ-00643-00145032-00145240 um I mean we had this discussion with a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00644-00145241-00145439 lot with social media and I've already
+hawI0lnezsQ-00645-00145440-00145733 I've always seen students starting to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00646-00145734-00145925 ask different questions once for example
+hawI0lnezsQ-00647-00145926-00146171 they they understood how Facebook works
+hawI0lnezsQ-00648-00146172-00146483 not just as a tool they're using but as
+hawI0lnezsQ-00649-00146484-00146627 a company for example once you start
+hawI0lnezsQ-00650-00146628-00146783 having a discussion about the business
+hawI0lnezsQ-00651-00146784-00146975 model of Facebook they start asking
+hawI0lnezsQ-00652-00146976-00147202 questions I've seen students also
+hawI0lnezsQ-00653-00147203-00147401 younger high school students once they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00654-00147402-00147631 had their first website that they've
+hawI0lnezsQ-00655-00147632-00147899 launched live and they started seeing
+hawI0lnezsQ-00656-00147900-00148085 how much data they could collect from
+hawI0lnezsQ-00657-00148086-00148252 everyone who was visiting their website
+hawI0lnezsQ-00658-00148253-00148457 they started at asking different
+hawI0lnezsQ-00659-00148458-00148589 questions and that's the level of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00660-00148590-00148709 understanding I think we should be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00661-00148710-00148931 aiming for but that requires students to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00662-00148932-00149152 be able to work with these tools and to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00663-00149153-00149309 explore them and to use them but not
+hawI0lnezsQ-00664-00149310-00149452 necessarily necessarily train their own
+hawI0lnezsQ-00665-00149453-00149645 large language models but if you say but
+hawI0lnezsQ-00666-00149646-00149914 everybody uh bringing everybody to the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00667-00149915-00150233 journey I imagine again like making it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00668-00150234-00150437 part of the layer Planner yeah from
+hawI0lnezsQ-00669-00150438-00150677 scratch in mathematics and whatever
+hawI0lnezsQ-00670-00150678-00150923 cross-sectional topics it might be very
+hawI0lnezsQ-00671-00150924-00151187 interesting to thrive uh with the topic
+hawI0lnezsQ-00672-00151188-00151516 of digitization and AI yeah absolutely
+hawI0lnezsQ-00673-00151517-00151625 and actually you think we should not
+hawI0lnezsQ-00674-00151626-00151787 make the mistake of creating just
+hawI0lnezsQ-00675-00151788-00152021 another subject school subject but
+hawI0lnezsQ-00676-00152022-00152243 rather Empower those teachers that we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00677-00152244-00152423 have to and to to develop an
+hawI0lnezsQ-00678-00152424-00152573 understanding of how it changes their
+hawI0lnezsQ-00679-00152574-00152771 subject and how they can use in biology
+hawI0lnezsQ-00680-00152772-00152975 in chemistry there's so much that's
+hawI0lnezsQ-00681-00152976-00153137 already happening with people who know
+hawI0lnezsQ-00682-00153138-00153376 how to how to use AI these discussions
+hawI0lnezsQ-00683-00153377-00153533 need to happen in the subjects that we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00684-00153534-00153713 have or as you said even in Cross
+hawI0lnezsQ-00685-00153714-00153947 subject projects and we have an
+hawI0lnezsQ-00686-00153948-00154078 international audience out there
+hawI0lnezsQ-00687-00154079-00154199 hopefully
+hawI0lnezsQ-00688-00154200-00154373 um do you have another country you look
+hawI0lnezsQ-00689-00154374-00154583 at where you think okay I don't name
+hawI0lnezsQ-00690-00154584-00154721 Finland or something like that because
+hawI0lnezsQ-00691-00154722-00154883 we had the Pisa test and then we said
+hawI0lnezsQ-00692-00154884-00155075 now everything is not like we thought it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00693-00155076-00155357 was or it is now so but where do you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00694-00155358-00155675 look at where they really took on this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00695-00155676-00155926 journey quite successfully within the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00696-00155927-00156209 first steps or not first but
+hawI0lnezsQ-00697-00156210-00156316 um to be honest I don't have a good
+hawI0lnezsQ-00698-00156317-00156485 example right now because it's usually
+hawI0lnezsQ-00699-00156486-00156623 not whole countries but rather
+hawI0lnezsQ-00700-00156624-00156809 individual institutions or sometimes
+hawI0lnezsQ-00701-00156810-00157007 even just individual professors teachers
+hawI0lnezsQ-00702-00157008-00157343 who start uh changing things what I
+hawI0lnezsQ-00703-00157344-00157487 found really interesting I gave a talk
+hawI0lnezsQ-00704-00157488-00157654 in an EU context
+hawI0lnezsQ-00705-00157655-00157775 um and then there was someone from
+hawI0lnezsQ-00706-00157776-00158009 Sweden who said you know we see that
+hawI0lnezsQ-00707-00158010-00158140 these large language models right now
+hawI0lnezsQ-00708-00158141-00158416 they're very much Americanized in the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00709-00158417-00158597 way they think about the world
+hawI0lnezsQ-00710-00158598-00158740 um or they display the world if you ask
+hawI0lnezsQ-00711-00158741-00158957 chat GPT what are the 10 most important
+hawI0lnezsQ-00712-00158958-00159257 philosophers or whatever the list will
+hawI0lnezsQ-00713-00159258-00159443 be very much biased towards the Western
+hawI0lnezsQ-00714-00159444-00159647 World so they for example started
+hawI0lnezsQ-00715-00159648-00159814 training their own large language models
+hawI0lnezsQ-00716-00159815-00159995 in Swedish because they said it's not
+hawI0lnezsQ-00717-00159996-00160181 just that we can communicate with this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00718-00160182-00160390 tool in Swedish it's that it represents
+hawI0lnezsQ-00719-00160391-00160552 our culture and our way of thinking and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00720-00160553-00160714 our perspective towards the world so
+hawI0lnezsQ-00721-00160715-00160966 this is these are developments this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00722-00160967-00161128 really breaks the subject all right go
+hawI0lnezsQ-00723-00161129-00161321 for next question no do we have another
+hawI0lnezsQ-00724-00161322-00161621 one yes please in third row yeah thank
+hawI0lnezsQ-00725-00161622-00161939 you um can you hear me yes now
+hawI0lnezsQ-00726-00161940-00162257 um I wanted to know how do you manage to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00727-00162258-00162551 have an interdisciplinary setting and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00728-00162552-00162766 especially if you had maybe an example
+hawI0lnezsQ-00729-00162767-00162952 of where it was difficult and how you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00730-00162953-00163145 overcome this because I really like
+hawI0lnezsQ-00731-00163146-00163385 hearing about how something was kind of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00732-00163386-00163589 failing and then how you overcome this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00733-00163590-00163871 because I know like how did you maybe
+hawI0lnezsQ-00734-00163872-00164207 deal with resistance or maybe this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00735-00164208-00164411 problem that sometimes between fields we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00736-00164412-00164651 have different expectations for instance
+hawI0lnezsQ-00737-00164652-00164939 in AI ethics usually they are the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00738-00164940-00165149 computer scientists that have a way of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00739-00165150-00165359 dealing with fairness you know and they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00740-00165360-00165539 have a really mathematical way to deal
+hawI0lnezsQ-00741-00165540-00165701 with this and then you have the social
+hawI0lnezsQ-00742-00165702-00165863 scientists that would be like nah you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00743-00165864-00166145 know you can't really deal with this and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00744-00166146-00166366 I see there's lots of efforts to do it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00745-00166367-00166523 but sometimes it's difficult I would be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00746-00166524-00166661 interested to know how you deal with
+hawI0lnezsQ-00747-00166662-00166997 this yeah great question so the key for
+hawI0lnezsQ-00748-00166998-00167207 us was actually the projects that our
+hawI0lnezsQ-00749-00167208-00167435 students were working on because we saw
+hawI0lnezsQ-00750-00167436-00167639 so even I had a chance to build a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00751-00167640-00167807 University from scratch with all of that
+hawI0lnezsQ-00752-00167808-00167999 already in my so we had the best
+hawI0lnezsQ-00753-00168000-00168239 starting situation that you can you can
+hawI0lnezsQ-00754-00168240-00168473 ask for and still we saw our faculty
+hawI0lnezsQ-00755-00168474-00168737 members separating among the lines that
+hawI0lnezsQ-00756-00168738-00168887 we try to avoid because of course we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00757-00168888-00169031 have different subjects different study
+hawI0lnezsQ-00758-00169032-00169211 programs so they filed Associated to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00759-00169212-00169457 different teams but interestingly enough
+hawI0lnezsQ-00760-00169458-00169697 once they started working with students
+hawI0lnezsQ-00761-00169698-00169864 who naturally teamed up in
+hawI0lnezsQ-00762-00169865-00170002 interdisciplinary projects because
+hawI0lnezsQ-00763-00170003-00170189 that's what they do all the time they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00764-00170190-00170351 need to have team members from different
+hawI0lnezsQ-00765-00170352-00170639 disciplines the professors met because
+hawI0lnezsQ-00766-00170640-00170849 they were kind of supporting the same
+hawI0lnezsQ-00767-00170850-00171035 team and then they started having
+hawI0lnezsQ-00768-00171036-00171226 discussions based on the projects they
+hawI0lnezsQ-00769-00171227-00171478 were involved with so we have an STS
+hawI0lnezsQ-00770-00171479-00171659 program run by two philosophers and of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00771-00171660-00171766 course they have a different perspective
+hawI0lnezsQ-00772-00171767-00172054 on AI than our computer scientists but
+hawI0lnezsQ-00773-00172055-00172240 if they come together on a frequent
+hawI0lnezsQ-00774-00172241-00172426 basis because they are responsible for
+hawI0lnezsQ-00775-00172427-00172702 the same team then there's a place where
+hawI0lnezsQ-00776-00172703-00172901 they can have discussions and we started
+hawI0lnezsQ-00777-00172902-00173104 emphasizing that by by basically
+hawI0lnezsQ-00778-00173105-00173266 bringing them on stage internally and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00779-00173267-00173435 saying let's you can let's have this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00780-00173436-00173639 discussion out in the open about how you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00781-00173640-00173759 think and how you approach this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00782-00173760-00173926 technology and the ethical questions for
+hawI0lnezsQ-00783-00173927-00174113 example that might deal with it so it
+hawI0lnezsQ-00784-00174114-00174257 could be a way of bringing people
+hawI0lnezsQ-00785-00174258-00174481 together on interdisciplinary projects
+hawI0lnezsQ-00786-00174482-00174785 very interesting any other question from
+hawI0lnezsQ-00787-00174786-00175090 your part
+hawI0lnezsQ-00788-00175091-00175276 no oh yes we have one thank you very
+hawI0lnezsQ-00789-00175277-00175481 much I want to tell you we have the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00790-00175482-00175823 almost gender gendered audience with all
+hawI0lnezsQ-00791-00175824-00176147 Sexes and genders in the room so um many
+hawI0lnezsQ-00792-00176148-00176321 females also I just wanted to share this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00793-00176322-00176585 this is very nice so please hi I'm in
+hawI0lnezsQ-00794-00176586-00176788 University of cologne
+hawI0lnezsQ-00795-00176789-00176909 um you made an interesting point about
+hawI0lnezsQ-00796-00176910-00177101 competencies and I wanted to ask back
+hawI0lnezsQ-00797-00177102-00177413 you basically said that students focus
+hawI0lnezsQ-00798-00177414-00177664 on those competencies that can't be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00799-00177665-00177887 substituted by AI for example
+hawI0lnezsQ-00800-00177888-00178102 and the question would be is where is
+hawI0lnezsQ-00801-00178103-00178402 the boundary here so has and this is
+hawI0lnezsQ-00802-00178403-00178666 obviously a used example has the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00803-00178667-00178847 calculator made
+hawI0lnezsQ-00804-00178848-00179021 doing math in your head obsolete
+hawI0lnezsQ-00805-00179022-00179254 probably not maybe to a certain point so
+hawI0lnezsQ-00806-00179255-00179471 where would you say is the line here in
+hawI0lnezsQ-00807-00179472-00179728 which competencies are going away over
+hawI0lnezsQ-00808-00179729-00179890 time and which ones are there to stay
+hawI0lnezsQ-00809-00179891-00180166 and how do you see that in education or
+hawI0lnezsQ-00810-00180167-00180364 in fundamental education
+hawI0lnezsQ-00811-00180365-00180628 that's a good but complicated question I
+hawI0lnezsQ-00812-00180629-00180809 I think I don't think that's the binary
+hawI0lnezsQ-00813-00180810-00180887 thing
+hawI0lnezsQ-00814-00180888-00181204 um and it's probably something that that
+hawI0lnezsQ-00815-00181205-00181349 students could explore for themselves
+hawI0lnezsQ-00816-00181350-00181547 once they know how to use a calculator
+hawI0lnezsQ-00817-00181548-00181823 they can of course start figuring out
+hawI0lnezsQ-00818-00181824-00182057 when to use it and maybe when not to use
+hawI0lnezsQ-00819-00182058-00182290 it and figure out it's still good if you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00820-00182291-00182471 memorized your calculation tables
+hawI0lnezsQ-00821-00182472-00182759 because it's sometimes much quicker than
+hawI0lnezsQ-00822-00182760-00182969 using a calculator and for example we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00823-00182970-00183113 had discussions with our students on the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00824-00183114-00183226 subject
+hawI0lnezsQ-00825-00183227-00183449 um because having a basic understanding
+hawI0lnezsQ-00826-00183450-00183623 of mathematics even so you can use your
+hawI0lnezsQ-00827-00183624-00183863 calculator helps you for example
+hawI0lnezsQ-00828-00183864-00184102 um be involved in certain discussions or
+hawI0lnezsQ-00829-00184103-00184354 come to conclusions much quicker because
+hawI0lnezsQ-00830-00184355-00184576 you just have a feeling for it in the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00831-00184577-00184714 end I think we need to explore this
+hawI0lnezsQ-00832-00184715-00184888 together and figure it out and on your
+hawI0lnezsQ-00833-00184889-00185057 way to building certain competencies you
+hawI0lnezsQ-00834-00185058-00185254 will of course start with things that AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00835-00185255-00185464 can already do today but we have to make
+hawI0lnezsQ-00836-00185465-00185657 sure that students surpass it and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00837-00185658-00185890 ideally they can surpass it using the AI
+hawI0lnezsQ-00838-00185891-00186052 as a tool
+hawI0lnezsQ-00839-00186053-00186281 um so it's an of probably an iterative
+hawI0lnezsQ-00840-00186282-00186466 process but we started should start
+hawI0lnezsQ-00841-00186467-00186790 using having that discussion
+hawI0lnezsQ-00842-00186791-00187019 what I'm interested is
+hawI0lnezsQ-00843-00187020-00187343 it myself using
+hawI0lnezsQ-00844-00187344-00187547 gfic a map
+hawI0lnezsQ-00845-00187548-00187816 ends so
+hawI0lnezsQ-00846-00187817-00188075 um like projecting this to the to the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00847-00188076-00188278 Future development where do you think we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00848-00188279-00188525 have to think critically about what Will
+hawI0lnezsQ-00849-00188526-00188890 AI take from us that we then might lose
+hawI0lnezsQ-00850-00188891-00189125 if I go back to utash meat this morning
+hawI0lnezsQ-00851-00189126-00189478 she said it's critical in about a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00852-00189479-00189701 complex structuring of things or
+hawI0lnezsQ-00853-00189702-00189851 something like that she said oh let's be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00854-00189852-00190109 aware we might lose this competency what
+hawI0lnezsQ-00855-00190110-00190313 do you think about yeah the other side
+hawI0lnezsQ-00856-00190314-00190528 of the coin that's a really a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00857-00190529-00190757 challenging challenging question to ask
+hawI0lnezsQ-00858-00190758-00190949 um I I agree there's probably a lot of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00859-00190950-00191111 things that that we still should be able
+hawI0lnezsQ-00860-00191112-00191243 to do without technology even though
+hawI0lnezsQ-00861-00191244-00191464 we're still we're already always using
+hawI0lnezsQ-00862-00191465-00191723 technology for it but then again I don't
+hawI0lnezsQ-00863-00191724-00191861 know if anyone of you knows how to make
+hawI0lnezsQ-00864-00191862-00192137 butter anymore probably not because we
+hawI0lnezsQ-00865-00192138-00192304 don't have to so again there's probably
+hawI0lnezsQ-00866-00192305-00192485 a lot of things we can just get rid of
+hawI0lnezsQ-00867-00192486-00192863 and still not suffer but there might be
+hawI0lnezsQ-00868-00192864-00193019 a lot of things again that are really
+hawI0lnezsQ-00869-00193020-00193181 important to still be able to do without
+hawI0lnezsQ-00870-00193182-00193487 technology and but again it always
+hawI0lnezsQ-00871-00193488-00193613 starts with being aware of these
+hawI0lnezsQ-00872-00193614-00193757 challenges it's not that I have all the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00873-00193758-00193913 answers for it but we should make sure
+hawI0lnezsQ-00874-00193914-00194069 that everyone's aware of exactly that
+hawI0lnezsQ-00875-00194070-00194345 and just for the GPS thing there's a
+hawI0lnezsQ-00876-00194346-00194561 quick quick fix nut fixes everything but
+hawI0lnezsQ-00877-00194562-00194861 use the map just always point it to
+hawI0lnezsQ-00878-00194862-00194945 North
+hawI0lnezsQ-00879-00194946-00195214 I don't even know where North is
+hawI0lnezsQ-00880-00195215-00195401 so you still have a basic idea of the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00881-00195402-00195557 direction yeah it doesn't fix the
+hawI0lnezsQ-00882-00195558-00195785 problem I mean I just uh my older kids
+hawI0lnezsQ-00883-00195786-00196001 just got their um their smartphones and
+hawI0lnezsQ-00884-00196002-00196354 now they have a telephone number and I
+hawI0lnezsQ-00885-00196355-00196528 said to them please memorize your
+hawI0lnezsQ-00886-00196529-00196697 telephone number and also mine and your
+hawI0lnezsQ-00887-00196698-00196913 mother's in case because people don't do
+hawI0lnezsQ-00888-00196914-00197087 this anymore no in case you lose your
+hawI0lnezsQ-00889-00197088-00197290 smartphone we are lost
+hawI0lnezsQ-00890-00197291-00197519 it was fantastic to talk to you thank
+hawI0lnezsQ-00891-00197520-00197699 you very much for your many questions uh
+hawI0lnezsQ-00892-00197700-00197926 time is up so great to reconnect with
+hawI0lnezsQ-00893-00197927-00198178 you uh thank you for your impulse thank
+hawI0lnezsQ-00894-00198179-00198299 you thank you very much
+hawI0lnezsQ-00895-00198300-00198593 [Applause]
+hawI0lnezsQ-00896-00198594-00198724 foreign
+hawI0lnezsQ-00897-00198725-00199046 [Music]
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00000-00000003-00000250 go 13 of the sustainable development
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00001-00000252-00000559 goals climate action the coal phase-out
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00002-00000560-00001000 in the European Union burning fossil
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00003-00001001-00001223 fuels is how most of the world generates
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00004-00001224-00001493 power when fossil fuels are burned they
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00005-00001494-00001682 release chemicals that have bad effects
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00006-00001682-00002143 on the planet a finite number of fossil
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00007-00002144-00002359 fuels mean that once they're gone other
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00008-00002360-00002602 forms of energy will be needed the
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00009-00002603-00002780 European Union is one of the leading
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00010-00002781-00003010 contributors in coal emissions with over
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00011-00003011-00003533 300 power plants the EU has signed the
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00012-00003534-00003697 Paris agreement and joined the global
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00013-00003698-00003983 effort to limiting global warming the
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00014-00003984-00004166 agreement plans to limit global warming
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00015-00004167-00004447 to below two degrees Celsius and limit
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00016-00004448-00004760 increases to 1.5 degrees Celsius above
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00017-00004761-00005252 pre-industrial levels in order to remain
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00018-00005253-00005474 in its carbon budget the EU must
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00019-00005475-00005677 implement a strategy to phase out coal
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00020-00005678-00006152 at a faster rate there are currently two
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00021-00006153-00006374 options for the European Union to begin
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00022-00006375-00006842 to reduce their use of coal one method
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00023-00006843-00007021 is to shut down the most carbon
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00024-00007022-00007517 intensive plants first the second is to
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00025-00007518-00007727 shut down the least valuable plants in
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00026-00007728-00007990 terms of revenue generation potential
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00027-00007991-00008121 [Music]
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00028-00008122-00008387 both of these strategies will help the
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00029-00008388-00008809 EU phase-out code at a much faster rate
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00030-00008810-00009119 the coal phase-out is just another step
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00031-00009120-00009310 toward the ultimate goal of making the
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00032-00009311-00009758 planet a healthier place to live phasing
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00033-00009759-00009946 out coal is only the beginning towards
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00034-00009947-00010222 creating a better world
+hbD1IX_pI5g-00035-00010223-00010538 [Music]
+hdrlYCECek0-00000-00000000-00000357 lies from Las Vegas it's the queues
+hdrlYCECek0-00001-00000358-00000770 covering HPE discover 2017 brought to
+hdrlYCECek0-00002-00000771-00001340 you by here the Packard Enterprise hey
+hdrlYCECek0-00003-00001341-00001511 welcome back everyone we're here live in
+hdrlYCECek0-00004-00001512-00001787 Las Vegas for HPE you lapekin Enterprise
+hdrlYCECek0-00005-00001788-00002039 discover 2017 I'm John Fourier co-host
+hdrlYCECek0-00006-00002039-00002249 of the cube with Dave allanté and our
+hdrlYCECek0-00007-00002250-00002396 next guest is that bill Philbin who's
+hdrlYCECek0-00008-00002397-00002597 the general manager storage a big data
+hdrlYCECek0-00009-00002598-00002816 for you attack our enterprise bill
+hdrlYCECek0-00010-00002817-00002990 welcome to the cube again good to see I
+hdrlYCECek0-00011-00002991-00003193 think you've been on since 2012
+hdrlYCECek0-00012-00003194-00003565 13:15 was that right well 84 low yeah
+hdrlYCECek0-00013-00003567-00003713 we've been tracking our cube alumni but
+hdrlYCECek0-00014-00003714-00003899 you're heading up the store like this do
+hdrlYCECek0-00015-00003900-00004118 I get a pin we're working on that Jerry
+hdrlYCECek0-00016-00004119-00004354 chavin of them Jerry Jennifer a lock
+hdrlYCECek0-00017-00004355-00004588 wants to have now badge value so welcome
+hdrlYCECek0-00018-00004589-00004691 back thank you thank you for having
+hdrlYCECek0-00019-00004692-00004925 would you just on the Cuba demon would
+hdrlYCECek0-00020-00004926-00005111 as an event you Dave was hosted I've
+hdrlYCECek0-00021-00005112-00005258 missed it in New Orleans but what
+hdrlYCECek0-00022-00005259-00005426 bustling around stores certainly
+hdrlYCECek0-00023-00005427-00005543 virtualizations been around for a while
+hdrlYCECek0-00024-00005544-00005743 but now with cloud whole new ballgame
+hdrlYCECek0-00025-00005744-00006031 programmable infrastructure hybrid IT
+hdrlYCECek0-00026-00006032-00006281 wiki bonds true private cloud report
+hdrlYCECek0-00027-00006282-00006563 came out showing that you know private
+hdrlYCECek0-00028-00006564-00006791 cloud on Prem is 250 billion dollar
+hdrlYCECek0-00029-00006792-00006956 market right so nothing is really
+hdrlYCECek0-00030-00006956-00007142 changing radically on the enterprise per
+hdrlYCECek0-00031-00007143-00007345 se certainly maybe servers and storage
+hdrlYCECek0-00032-00007347-00007553 but people gotta store the data that's
+hdrlYCECek0-00033-00007554-00007673 right what's the update from your
+hdrlYCECek0-00034-00007673-00007810 perspective what's the story here at HPD
+hdrlYCECek0-00035-00007811-00007996 discover so I think this is really three
+hdrlYCECek0-00036-00007997-00008173 things we're talking about amongst a
+hdrlYCECek0-00037-00008175-00008410 number of announcements one is sort of
+hdrlYCECek0-00038-00008411-00008531 the extension of our all-flash
+hdrlYCECek0-00039-00008532-00008714 environment for customers who you know
+hdrlYCECek0-00040-00008715-00008855 as I was saying a team heaven is always
+hdrlYCECek0-00041-00008856-00009083 on right you know did the New World
+hdrlYCECek0-00042-00009084-00009239 Order is we expect everything to be were
+hdrlYCECek0-00043-00009240-00009439 available at a moment's notice I was in
+hdrlYCECek0-00044-00009440-00009746 the middle of the Indian Ocean using
+hdrlYCECek0-00045-00009747-00010016 Google Voice over satellite IP on the
+hdrlYCECek0-00046-00010017-00010394 boat talking to San Jose and it worked
+hdrlYCECek0-00047-00010395-00010673 that's always that's always on
+hdrlYCECek0-00048-00010674-00010880 environment and the best way to get that
+hdrlYCECek0-00049-00010881-00011056 is you know with an all flash data so
+hdrlYCECek0-00050-00011057-00011317 that's number one number two going back
+hdrlYCECek0-00051-00011318-00011492 to the story about you know programmable
+hdrlYCECek0-00052-00011493-00011708 infrastructures right storage also needs
+hdrlYCECek0-00053-00011709-00011881 to be programmable and so you know if
+hdrlYCECek0-00054-00011882-00012077 you've had Rick Lewis or Rick Lewis is
+hdrlYCECek0-00055-00012078-00012206 coming they will talk about composable
+hdrlYCECek0-00056-00012207-00012377 infrastructures with synergy but the
+hdrlYCECek0-00057-00012378-00012623 flip side of that is our belief that
+hdrlYCECek0-00058-00012624-00012819 storage really needs to be invisible and
+hdrlYCECek0-00059-00012820-00013138 the acquisition of nimble gets us a lot
+hdrlYCECek0-00060-00013140-00013361 closer to sort of doing
+hdrlYCECek0-00061-00013362-00013538 in the same way that you have a safe
+hdrlYCECek0-00062-00013538-00013736 self-driving car is all the rage right
+hdrlYCECek0-00063-00013737-00014035 so all that rich telemetry comes back
+hdrlYCECek0-00064-00014036-00014315 analyzed fingerprinted and sent out to
+hdrlYCECek0-00065-00014316-00014558 customers to a point where I call it the
+hdrlYCECek0-00066-00014559-00014788 rule of 85 85 percent of the customers
+hdrlYCECek0-00067-00014790-00014978 the cases are raised by emphasizing
+hdrlYCECek0-00068-00014979-00015104 close by emphasizing
+hdrlYCECek0-00069-00015105-00015394 they have an 85 Net Promoter Score we're
+hdrlYCECek0-00070-00015396-00015599 getting to a point where storage can be
+hdrlYCECek0-00071-00015600-00015740 invisible because that's the experience
+hdrlYCECek0-00072-00015741-00015959 you get on a Amazon or as you swipe your
+hdrlYCECek0-00073-00015960-00016100 credit cards they want 10 terabytes of
+hdrlYCECek0-00074-00016101-00016226 storage and that's the last time you
+hdrlYCECek0-00075-00016227-00016409 have to think about it we need to have
+hdrlYCECek0-00076-00016410-00016598 the economics of the web we need to have
+hdrlYCECek0-00077-00016599-00016739 the programmability of the web that's
+hdrlYCECek0-00078-00016740-00016898 number two and number three what we
+hdrlYCECek0-00079-00016899-00017129 talked about and this is a big big issue
+hdrlYCECek0-00080-00017130-00017294 with a big thing we talked about with
+hdrlYCECek0-00081-00017295-00017609 Biman was data protection the rules of
+hdrlYCECek0-00082-00017610-00017788 data protection are also changing
+hdrlYCECek0-00083-00017789-00018085 conventional backup does not protect
+hdrlYCECek0-00084-00018086-00018362 data I saw it with a customer a couple
+hdrlYCECek0-00085-00018363-00018689 weeks ago in London 120 petabytes as a
+hdrlYCECek0-00086-00018690-00018884 financial services customer now 120
+hdrlYCECek0-00087-00018885-00019175 petabytes of storage not unusual 40 of
+hdrlYCECek0-00088-00019176-00019597 it was Hadoop and they were surprised
+hdrlYCECek0-00089-00019598-00019817 because unprotected on servers you know
+hdrlYCECek0-00090-00019818-00020044 it's sort of the age of the you know
+hdrlYCECek0-00091-00020045-00020264 it's so the age of you know client
+hdrlYCECek0-00092-00020265-00020378 server in the age of Excel spreadsheets
+hdrlYCECek0-00093-00020379-00020575 all over again we realized that most
+hdrlYCECek0-00094-00020576-00020792 business were running on Excel so all
+hdrlYCECek0-00095-00020793-00021022 flash a different way of supporting our
+hdrlYCECek0-00096-00021023-00021206 customers for experience and number
+hdrlYCECek0-00097-00021207-00021368 three it's all around how do you protect
+hdrlYCECek0-00098-00021369-00021509 your data differently what's the big
+hdrlYCECek0-00099-00021510-00021677 trend from your standpoint because I
+hdrlYCECek0-00100-00021678-00021875 love that self-driving storage concept
+hdrlYCECek0-00101-00021876-00022121 or self-driving car analogy as it speaks
+hdrlYCECek0-00102-00022122-00022297 to simplicity and automation that's
+hdrlYCECek0-00103-00022298-00022469 right the other thing that's going on is
+hdrlYCECek0-00104-00022470-00022634 data is becoming more relevant certainly
+hdrlYCECek0-00105-00022635-00022721 in a cloud whether that's some data
+hdrlYCECek0-00106-00022722-00022894 protection impact or having data
+hdrlYCECek0-00107-00022895-00023156 availability for cloud native apps or
+hdrlYCECek0-00108-00023157-00023291 in-memory all kinds of cool stuff going
+hdrlYCECek0-00109-00023292-00023480 on so you got a lot of stuff happening
+hdrlYCECek0-00110-00023481-00023728 so to be invisible and be programmable
+hdrlYCECek0-00111-00023729-00023930 customers architectures are changing
+hdrlYCECek0-00112-00023931-00024065 what's the big trend that you're seeing
+hdrlYCECek0-00113-00024066-00024260 from a customer standpoint are there new
+hdrlYCECek0-00114-00024261-00024547 ways to layout stored so that they can
+hdrlYCECek0-00115-00024548-00024659 be invisible certainly a lot of people
+hdrlYCECek0-00116-00024660-00024806 were looking at you know they're they're
+hdrlYCECek0-00117-00024807-00025085 they're simplification NIT operationally
+hdrlYCECek0-00118-00025086-00025241 and then have to prepare for the cloud
+hdrlYCECek0-00119-00025242-00025412 where that's multi cloud or hybrid or
+hdrlYCECek0-00120-00025413-00025568 true and private cloud what
+hdrlYCECek0-00121-00025569-00025720 architectures are you seeing changing
+hdrlYCECek0-00122-00025722-00025889 what are people doubling down on what's
+hdrlYCECek0-00123-00025889-00026150 the big trends in storage and laying out
+hdrlYCECek0-00124-00026151-00026345 storage as a strategy so I think if you
+hdrlYCECek0-00125-00026345-00026602 think about storage in the large
+hdrlYCECek0-00126-00026602-00026752 one of the trends obviously that we're
+hdrlYCECek0-00127-00026752-00027045 seeing is you know is sort of storage
+hdrlYCECek0-00128-00027047-00027199 co-located with the server right when I
+hdrlYCECek0-00129-00027200-00027556 started HP now seven years ago Gen 6 to
+hdrlYCECek0-00130-00027557-00027712 Gen 10 which we've announced there the
+hdrlYCECek0-00131-00027713-00027864 show the amount of locally attached
+hdrlYCECek0-00132-00027866-00028162 storage in the box itself is massive
+hdrlYCECek0-00133-00028163-00028383 right and then the applications are now
+hdrlYCECek0-00134-00028385-00028545 becoming more and more responsible for
+hdrlYCECek0-00135-00028547-00028758 data placement and in data replication
+hdrlYCECek0-00136-00028760-00029035 and so you know even while capacities
+hdrlYCECek0-00137-00029036-00029230 are growing I think six or seven percent
+hdrlYCECek0-00138-00029231-00029433 is what I saw from the latest IDC sis or
+hdrlYCECek0-00139-00029435-00029802 make the actual storage landscape from a
+hdrlYCECek0-00140-00029804-00029911 shared storage companies are actually
+hdrlYCECek0-00141-00029912-00030183 going down and the reason is application
+hdrlYCECek0-00142-00030185-00030493 provisioning application aware storage
+hdrlYCECek0-00143-00030494-00030643 is really this really the trend that's
+hdrlYCECek0-00144-00030644-00030877 sort of that's sort of number one number
+hdrlYCECek0-00145-00030877-00031111 two you see customers looking at
+hdrlYCECek0-00146-00031112-00031255 deploying the right storage for the
+hdrlYCECek0-00147-00031256-00031408 right applications hyper-converged with
+hdrlYCECek0-00148-00031408-00031570 some cliffie's a really good really good
+hdrlYCECek0-00149-00031570-00031783 example of that which is that they're
+hdrlYCECek0-00150-00031783-00032035 trying to find you know the right sort
+hdrlYCECek0-00151-00032036-00032236 of storage to sort of serve up the right
+hdrlYCECek0-00152-00032237-00032383 the right application and that's where
+hdrlYCECek0-00153-00032383-00032514 if you're a single point provider
+hdrlYCECek0-00154-00032516-00032761 company now in storage you don't have a
+hdrlYCECek0-00155-00032762-00033040 software only a hyper-converged and all
+hdrlYCECek0-00156-00033041-00033154 flash and a couple different flavors
+hdrlYCECek0-00157-00033155-00033415 including XP at the top you're going to
+hdrlYCECek0-00158-00033416-00033571 find it very very difficult to sort of
+hdrlYCECek0-00159-00033572-00033715 continue to compete in this market and
+hdrlYCECek0-00160-00033716-00033898 we're you know frankly we're driving a
+hdrlYCECek0-00161-00033899-00034066 lot of that consolidation we put some
+hdrlYCECek0-00162-00034067-00034240 bookends around what we're prepared to
+hdrlYCECek0-00163-00034241-00034453 pay for but if you're a point providing
+hdrlYCECek0-00164-00034454-00034759 storage company now life is a lot harder
+hdrlYCECek0-00165-00034760-00034984 for you than it was you know a couple
+hdrlYCECek0-00166-00034985-00035131 years ago I mean when we started with
+hdrlYCECek0-00167-00035132-00035473 all flash I think it was like 94 all
+hdrlYCECek0-00168-00035474-00035734 flash companies there are not 94 all
+hdrlYCECek0-00169-00035735-00036028 flash companies today and so I think
+hdrlYCECek0-00170-00036029-00036220 that's sort of what we see well to your
+hdrlYCECek0-00171-00036221-00036466 point about point companies are going to
+hdrlYCECek0-00172-00036467-00036649 have a hard time remaining independent
+hdrlYCECek0-00173-00036650-00036763 yeah
+hdrlYCECek0-00174-00036764-00036943 and that's why a lot of them are in
+hdrlYCECek0-00175-00036944-00037231 business to basically sell to a company
+hdrlYCECek0-00176-00037232-00037387 like yours right as they feel a need so
+hdrlYCECek0-00177-00037388-00037654 my question relates to R&D strategy is
+hdrlYCECek0-00178-00037655-00037861 that mean as the GM relatively new GM
+hdrlYCECek0-00179-00037862-00038113 you know well that a large company like
+hdrlYCECek0-00180-00038114-00038362 HP has to participate in multiple
+hdrlYCECek0-00181-00038363-00038593 markets in order to to expand your team
+hdrlYCECek0-00182-00038594-00038758 you have to have the right product at
+hdrlYCECek0-00183-00038759-00038908 the right time find one size does not
+hdrlYCECek0-00184-00038909-00038977 fit all
+hdrlYCECek0-00185-00038978-00039127 that's right so the nimble acquisition
+hdrlYCECek0-00186-00039128-00039472 brings in a capability at the lower end
+hdrlYCECek0-00187-00039473-00039664 of the market lower price bands but it
+hdrlYCECek0-00188-00039665-00039878 also has some unique attributes with
+hdrlYCECek0-00189-00039879-00040115 - the way it uses data and analytics
+hdrlYCECek0-00190-00040116-00040310 that's right you've got you know 3par
+hdrlYCECek0-00191-00040311-00040492 you know legendary and the high-end
+hdrlYCECek0-00192-00040493-00040772 what's the strategy in terms of in isn't
+hdrlYCECek0-00193-00040773-00041057 one to bring the best of those both both
+hdrlYCECek0-00194-00041058-00041258 of those worlds together or is it sort
+hdrlYCECek0-00195-00041259-00041711 of let you know twenty flowers bloom so
+hdrlYCECek0-00196-00041712-00041966 I don't know let me let 24 hours bloom
+hdrlYCECek0-00197-00041967-00042092 but I would probably answer a couple
+hdrlYCECek0-00198-00042093-00042263 different ways one is that input side
+hdrlYCECek0-00199-00042264-00042566 your right is unique value proposition
+hdrlYCECek0-00200-00042567-00042908 as far as a nimble I would bet if I come
+hdrlYCECek0-00201-00042909-00043109 see you in Madrid if you have me back
+hdrlYCECek0-00202-00043110-00043264 further whatever the thirteenth time
+hdrlYCECek0-00203-00043265-00043475 that we'll be talking about how info
+hdrlYCECek0-00204-00043476-00043580 site and three-part can come together
+hdrlYCECek0-00205-00043581-00043826 okay so that's sort of answer number one
+hdrlYCECek0-00206-00043827-00044066 answer number two is even though within
+hdrlYCECek0-00207-00044067-00044279 the nimble acquisition one party
+hdrlYCECek0-00208-00044280-00044483 acquired the other party what we're
+hdrlYCECek0-00209-00044484-00044740 really looking at is the best debride of
+hdrlYCECek0-00210-00044741-00044951 both organizations whether it's a
+hdrlYCECek0-00211-00044952-00045254 process a person a technology we don't
+hdrlYCECek0-00212-00045255-00045560 feel wedded to you know just because we
+hdrlYCECek0-00213-00045561-00045734 did a certain way at HP that means the
+hdrlYCECek0-00214-00045735-00045935 nimble team must conform it's really
+hdrlYCECek0-00215-00045936-00046118 bring us the best and brightest that's
+hdrlYCECek0-00216-00046119-00046319 what we got at the end of the day got a
+hdrlYCECek0-00217-00046320-00046634 company we got revenue but we got the
+hdrlYCECek0-00218-00046635-00046805 people and these in this storage
+hdrlYCECek0-00219-00046806-00047012 business it you know these are serial
+hdrlYCECek0-00220-00047013-00047237 entrepreneurs who've actually developed
+hdrlYCECek0-00221-00047238-00047366 the product we want to keep want to keep
+hdrlYCECek0-00222-00047367-00047474 those people in the way you do that is
+hdrlYCECek0-00223-00047475-00047618 you bring them in and you use the best
+hdrlYCECek0-00224-00047619-00047777 and greatest of all the technologies
+hdrlYCECek0-00225-00047778-00047939 there's probably other optimizations
+hdrlYCECek0-00226-00047940-00048212 we'll look at but you know looking at
+hdrlYCECek0-00227-00048213-00048365 info site across the entire portfolio
+hdrlYCECek0-00228-00048366-00048545 and one day maybe across the server
+hdrlYCECek0-00229-00048546-00048875 portfolio is the right thing and just to
+hdrlYCECek0-00230-00048876-00049043 follow up on that job I'm a so that's a
+hdrlYCECek0-00231-00049044-00049259 hardcore sort of embedded technology and
+hdrlYCECek0-00232-00049260-00049448 then you've got a capability you know we
+hdrlYCECek0-00233-00049449-00049646 talked about the API economy yeah time
+hdrlYCECek0-00234-00049647-00049910 how are you and are you able to leverage
+hdrlYCECek0-00235-00049911-00050249 other HPE activities to create sort of
+hdrlYCECek0-00236-00050250-00050465 infrastructure as code specifically
+hdrlYCECek0-00237-00050466-00050672 within the storage room so if you look
+hdrlYCECek0-00238-00050673-00050894 at you know you look at uh sort of our
+hdrlYCECek0-00239-00050895-00051128 converged systems appliances like our SP
+hdrlYCECek0-00240-00051129-00051517 HANA appliance database is greater than
+hdrlYCECek0-00241-00051519-00051695 six terabytes we have eighty five
+hdrlYCECek0-00242-00051696-00051790 percent market share at you live
+hdrlYCECek0-00243-00051791-00052049 accurate and way we do that is we and
+hdrlYCECek0-00244-00052050-00052220 that's all on three part by the way and
+hdrlYCECek0-00245-00052221-00052342 what we do that is we've gotten that
+hdrlYCECek0-00246-00052344-00052604 we've got a fixed system that is
+hdrlYCECek0-00247-00052604-00052976 designed solely to deliver Hana on the
+hdrlYCECek0-00248-00052977-00053189 flip of that you have synergy right
+hdrlYCECek0-00249-00053190-00053291 which is it can pull
+hdrlYCECek0-00250-00053292-00053421 possible programmable infrastructure
+hdrlYCECek0-00251-00053422-00053654 from from the start where it's all
+hdrlYCECek0-00252-00053655-00053862 template based and based on application
+hdrlYCECek0-00253-00053863-00054048 provisioning you provision storage you
+hdrlYCECek0-00254-00054049-00054228 provision the fabric you provision
+hdrlYCECek0-00255-00054229-00054519 compute that programmable infrastructure
+hdrlYCECek0-00256-00054520-00054879 also is supported by by HP storage right
+hdrlYCECek0-00257-00054879-00055116 and so you have you know you have that
+hdrlYCECek0-00258-00055116-00055292 you can roll it the way you want to it's
+hdrlYCECek0-00259-00055294-00055382 to some degree I think it's all about
+hdrlYCECek0-00260-00055383-00055679 choice if you want to go along and build
+hdrlYCECek0-00261-00055680-00055824 your own programmable infrastructure and
+hdrlYCECek0-00262-00055825-00056103 OpenStack or you know vCloud director
+hdrlYCECek0-00263-00056104-00056391 whatever it is we have one of those if
+hdrlYCECek0-00264-00056391-00056691 you think no simplicity is key and app
+hdrlYCECek0-00265-00056691-00056991 and server integration is important part
+hdrlYCECek0-00266-00056991-00057104 of how you want to roll it out we have
+hdrlYCECek0-00267-00057105-00057332 one of those that's called simplicity if
+hdrlYCECek0-00268-00057333-00057546 you want a traditional shared storage
+hdrlYCECek0-00269-00057547-00057669 environment we have one of those at
+hdrlYCECek0-00270-00057670-00057782 three for our nimble and if you want
+hdrlYCECek0-00271-00057783-00058023 compose we have that now choice means
+hdrlYCECek0-00272-00058024-00058191 more than one I don't know what it means
+hdrlYCECek0-00273-00058191-00058365 in Latin or Italian but I pretty sure
+hdrlYCECek0-00274-00058366-00058575 choice means more than one what we don't
+hdrlYCECek0-00275-00058576-00058803 want to do is introduce however the
+hdrlYCECek0-00276-00058804-00059061 complexity of what owning more than one
+hdrlYCECek0-00277-00059062-00059244 is and that's where things like synergy
+hdrlYCECek0-00278-00059245-00059529 makes sense or federation between store
+hdrlYCECek0-00279-00059529-00059688 virtual tree barsoom well federation
+hdrlYCECek0-00280-00059689-00060009 between nimble and and 3par so to help
+hdrlYCECek0-00281-00060010-00060129 customers with that operational
+hdrlYCECek0-00282-00060129-00060326 complexity complexity problem but we
+hdrlYCECek0-00283-00060327-00060519 actually believe that choice is the most
+hdrlYCECek0-00284-00060520-00060617 important thing we can product I've
+hdrlYCECek0-00285-00060619-00060732 always been a big fan of the composed
+hdrlYCECek0-00286-00060733-00060876 thing going back a couple years when you
+hdrlYCECek0-00287-00060877-00060996 guys came into brought it out for the
+hdrlYCECek0-00288-00060997-00061110 market we're first by the way
+hdrlYCECek0-00289-00061111-00061398 props to HP also first on converged
+hdrlYCECek0-00290-00061399-00061653 infrastructure way back in the day I got
+hdrlYCECek0-00291-00061654-00061761 to ask you other things I love doing
+hdrlYCECek0-00292-00061762-00061869 with Cuba interviews is that we get to
+hdrlYCECek0-00293-00061870-00062076 kind of get inspiration around some
+hdrlYCECek0-00294-00062077-00062199 things that you're working on in your
+hdrlYCECek0-00295-00062200-00062412 business unit back in 2010 Dave and I
+hdrlYCECek0-00296-00062413-00062571 really kind of saw storage moved from
+hdrlYCECek0-00297-00062572-00062832 being boring storage provisioning stores
+hdrlYCECek0-00298-00062833-00062961 to really at the center of the action
+hdrlYCECek0-00299-00062962-00063204 and really since 2010 uses storage
+hdrlYCECek0-00300-00063204-00063369 really at the center of all these
+hdrlYCECek0-00301-00063370-00063663 converging trends virtualization and
+hdrlYCECek0-00302-00063664-00063885 converged hyper converges all this great
+hdrlYCECek0-00303-00063886-00064098 stuff now cloud so storage is kind of
+hdrlYCECek0-00304-00064099-00064254 like the center point of all the actions
+hdrlYCECek0-00305-00064254-00064367 so I got to ask you the question on
+hdrlYCECek0-00306-00064369-00064544 virtualization certainly change the game
+hdrlYCECek0-00307-00064545-00064785 with story containerization is also
+hdrlYCECek0-00308-00064786-00064994 changing the game so I loaded some HP
+hdrlYCECek0-00309-00064995-00065138 labs guys last night looking at
+hdrlYCECek0-00310-00065139-00065400 provisioning containers in microseconds
+hdrlYCECek0-00311-00065401-00065703 so where virtualization is extending and
+hdrlYCECek0-00312-00065704-00065916 continued to have a nice run on the
+hdrlYCECek0-00313-00065917-00066084 heels of that we got containerization
+hdrlYCECek0-00314-00066085-00066189 and we're apps are going to start
+hdrlYCECek0-00315-00066190-00066363 working with storage yeah what's their
+hdrlYCECek0-00316-00066364-00066525 vision and how do you guys look at that
+hdrlYCECek0-00317-00066526-00066613 trend
+hdrlYCECek0-00318-00066614-00066946 are you writing that next wave so I it's
+hdrlYCECek0-00319-00066947-00067174 all about a good comes down to an
+hdrlYCECek0-00320-00067175-00067366 application driven approach right and so
+hdrlYCECek0-00321-00067367-00067627 as we were saying a little earlier our
+hdrlYCECek0-00322-00067628-00067807 view is that storage will be silent
+hdrlYCECek0-00323-00067808-00067930 you're going to provision an application
+hdrlYCECek0-00324-00067931-00068062 that's really the if you'd see look at
+hdrlYCECek0-00325-00068063-00068185 the difference between us and a and
+hdrlYCECek0-00326-00068186-00068347 let's say Ana tonics with complicity
+hdrlYCECek0-00327-00068348-00068524 right it's all about the application
+hdrlYCECek0-00328-00068525-00068713 being provision into the hyper-converged
+hdrlYCECek0-00329-00068714-00069070 pipe recorders environment and if you
+hdrlYCECek0-00330-00069071-00069250 look at the virtualization business
+hdrlYCECek0-00331-00069251-00069475 alone I mean you know VMware is how can
+hdrlYCECek0-00332-00069476-00069664 I have a tough go because hyper-v has
+hdrlYCECek0-00333-00069665-00069916 actually gotten good enough and it's
+hdrlYCECek0-00334-00069917-00070099 cheaper that people are really giving
+hdrlYCECek0-00335-00070100-00070477 hyper-v a much better look at than we've
+hdrlYCECek0-00336-00070478-00070609 seen over the course the last couple of
+hdrlYCECek0-00337-00070610-00070789 years but guess what that too will come
+hdrlYCECek0-00338-00070790-00070963 monetize and the next commoditization
+hdrlYCECek0-00339-00070964-00071248 point is going to be you know is going
+hdrlYCECek0-00340-00071249-00071470 to be container so you know our vantage
+hdrlYCECek0-00341-00071471-00071638 point and if you look at 3par you look
+hdrlYCECek0-00342-00071639-00071797 at nimble we're already got we've
+hdrlYCECek0-00343-00071798-00071938 already supporting containers within the
+hdrlYCECek0-00344-00071939-00072043 product we've actually invested
+hdrlYCECek0-00345-00072044-00072286 companies that are our container rich i
+hdrlYCECek0-00346-00072287-00072484 think it's all about you know what's the
+hdrlYCECek0-00347-00072485-00072673 next sort of and we had operon last year
+hdrlYCECek0-00348-00072674-00072805 we know you're partnering with those all
+hdrlYCECek0-00349-00072806-00072943 the guy that's right but this is a big
+hdrlYCECek0-00350-00072944-00073222 wave I mean you see containers as I see
+hdrlYCECek0-00351-00073223-00073483 containers as sort of the you know sort
+hdrlYCECek0-00352-00073484-00073717 of the place that virtualization sort of
+hdrlYCECek0-00353-00073718-00073936 didn't ever you know sort of get to I
+hdrlYCECek0-00354-00073937-00074260 mean you will be apps on the absolutely
+hdrlYCECek0-00355-00074261-00074470 positively and also it's a much simpler
+hdrlYCECek0-00356-00074471-00074593 way to sort of deploy an application
+hdrlYCECek0-00357-00074594-00074905 over a conventional conventional VM so I
+hdrlYCECek0-00358-00074906-00075094 think containers will be important is
+hdrlYCECek0-00359-00075095-00075334 going to be important as the technology
+hdrlYCECek0-00360-00075335-00075616 inflection point around all flash that
+hdrlYCECek0-00361-00075617-00075796 glass is certainly very rad I don't know
+hdrlYCECek0-00362-00075797-00076126 but I think as far as a limiting cost in
+hdrlYCECek0-00363-00076127-00076282 your data center making it easy to
+hdrlYCECek0-00364-00076283-00076531 deploy your applications etc I think
+hdrlYCECek0-00365-00076532-00076771 containers is what's the big news here
+hdrlYCECek0-00366-00076772-00076993 at HPE discovered 2017 for you guys
+hdrlYCECek0-00367-00076994-00077137 what's the what's the story that you're
+hdrlYCECek0-00368-00077138-00077320 telling what's going on the booth share
+hdrlYCECek0-00369-00077321-00077557 some insight into what's happening here
+hdrlYCECek0-00370-00077558-00077746 on the ground in Las Vegas for your
+hdrlYCECek0-00371-00077747-00077959 standpoint so I I would say you know a
+hdrlYCECek0-00372-00077960-00078169 couple of things I think if you look out
+hdrlYCECek0-00373-00078170-00078343 in the show floor it seems more intimate
+hdrlYCECek0-00374-00078344-00078661 and it's smaller this year and and
+hdrlYCECek0-00375-00078662-00078805 there's a lot of concern I think that
+hdrlYCECek0-00376-00078806-00078997 you know HP is chopping itself off into
+hdrlYCECek0-00377-00078998-00079159 various pieces and parts I think the
+hdrlYCECek0-00378-00079160-00079411 story that they were not telling well
+hdrlYCECek0-00379-00079412-00079645 enough or that that you know that it
+hdrlYCECek0-00380-00079646-00079798 gets missed
+hdrlYCECek0-00381-00079799-00079987 out of that is actually a brand new
+hdrlYCECek0-00382-00079988-00080076 company called hewlett-packard
+hdrlYCECek0-00383-00080077-00080413 enterprise which is uniquely focused on
+hdrlYCECek0-00384-00080414-00080584 serving enterprise infrastructure
+hdrlYCECek0-00385-00080585-00080842 customers and so I think if I was going
+hdrlYCECek0-00386-00080843-00081025 to encourage a news story it's about the
+hdrlYCECek0-00387-00081026-00081259 Phoenix of that and not the fact that
+hdrlYCECek0-00388-00081260-00081438 you know we've taken these guys and this
+hdrlYCECek0-00389-00081439-00081676 offer guys and the PCI it's that that
+hdrlYCECek0-00390-00081677-00081913 company maybe in Madrid will do this and
+hdrlYCECek0-00391-00081914-00082156 that company that's really really really
+hdrlYCECek0-00392-00082157-00082435 exciting and as you said storage sort of
+hdrlYCECek0-00393-00082436-00082660 Anna ptolemee or versus Galileo products
+hdrlYCECek0-00394-00082661-00082813 right we believe everything revolves
+hdrlYCECek0-00395-00082814-00082951 around storage right we don't we don't
+hdrlYCECek0-00396-00082952-00083218 believe in God now Galileo so so if you
+hdrlYCECek0-00397-00083219-00083313 look at here at the booth we've
+hdrlYCECek0-00398-00083314-00083554 announced the next generation of MSA
+hdrlYCECek0-00399-00083555-00083838 platforms of 2052 we've got the 94 53
+hdrlYCECek0-00400-00083839-00084166 par 3 times as fast more connectivity
+hdrlYCECek0-00401-00084167-00084592 for all flash solutions we've talked
+hdrlYCECek0-00402-00084593-00084732 about the secondary flash array for
+hdrlYCECek0-00403-00084733-00084949 nimble most effective place to protect
+hdrlYCECek0-00404-00084950-00085198 your data is on a rate that's on a type
+hdrlYCECek0-00405-00085199-00085435 where the data came from and that is a
+hdrlYCECek0-00406-00085436-00085666 secondary flash market we're big in the
+hdrlYCECek0-00407-00085667-00085876 cloud we've talked about cloud bank here
+hdrlYCECek0-00408-00085877-00086116 which is be able to keep a copy of your
+hdrlYCECek0-00409-00086117-00086371 store once data in any s3 compliant
+hdrlYCECek0-00410-00086372-00086588 interface including Scalla T and then
+hdrlYCECek0-00411-00086589-00086860 how am I forgetting I'm sort of
+hdrlYCECek0-00412-00086861-00086992 forgetting about forgetting something
+hdrlYCECek0-00413-00086993-00087190 but a lot there there's a lot there I
+hdrlYCECek0-00414-00087191-00087432 mean you guys I love your your angle on
+hdrlYCECek0-00415-00087433-00087616 the Phoenix I think you know we've been
+hdrlYCECek0-00416-00087617-00087754 seeing that we've been covering seven
+hdrlYCECek0-00417-00087755-00087969 years now yeah and it is a Phoenix and
+hdrlYCECek0-00418-00087970-00088119 and the point that I think the news
+hdrlYCECek0-00419-00088120-00088315 media is not getting on HP a lot of
+hdrlYCECek0-00420-00088316-00088476 flood out there yeah is that this is not
+hdrlYCECek0-00421-00088477-00088696 a divestiture it just needed some things
+hdrlYCECek0-00422-00088697-00088840 that went away that was you know the
+hdrlYCECek0-00423-00088841-00088966 outsourcing business what that was just
+hdrlYCECek0-00424-00088967-00089191 natural but this is HP owned I mean it's
+hdrlYCECek0-00425-00089192-00089338 not like it's like we're getting at it
+hdrlYCECek0-00426-00089339-00089521 it's just how you're organizing it and
+hdrlYCECek0-00427-00089522-00089728 yeah and what the balance sheet that now
+hdrlYCECek0-00428-00089729-00089968 is is a really a competitive weapon if
+hdrlYCECek0-00429-00089969-00090187 you will you're going to see HP both
+hdrlYCECek0-00430-00090188-00090376 grow organically and in organically and
+hdrlYCECek0-00431-00090377-00090531 I think as the market continues to
+hdrlYCECek0-00432-00090532-00090844 consolidate the thing to remember also
+hdrlYCECek0-00433-00090845-00091062 is fewer places to consolidate too and
+hdrlYCECek0-00434-00091063-00091387 so if you're a startup there's a handful
+hdrlYCECek0-00435-00091388-00091549 of companies that you can go to now and
+hdrlYCECek0-00436-00091550-00091863 they're probably the best equipped right
+hdrlYCECek0-00437-00091864-00092151 size great balance sheet great great
+hdrlYCECek0-00438-00092152-00092319 company is hewlett-packard edit but we
+hdrlYCECek0-00439-00092320-00092451 had hope to get Chris shoe on but you
+hdrlYCECek0-00440-00092452-00092572 know I've always said the day we talked
+hdrlYCECek0-00441-00092573-00092755 about the debates on management style
+hdrlYCECek0-00442-00092756-00092953 but I've always been a big believer as a
+hdrlYCECek0-00443-00092954-00093136 computer science
+hdrlYCECek0-00444-00093137-00093402 undergraduate decoupled highly cohesive
+hdrlYCECek0-00445-00093403-00093721 strategy is a really viable one I think
+hdrlYCECek0-00446-00093722-00093868 that's a great one and there's still a
+hdrlYCECek0-00447-00093869-00094012 good partnership with dxc there'll be a
+hdrlYCECek0-00448-00094013-00094165 great partial partnership with with
+hdrlYCECek0-00449-00094166-00094363 Micro Focus right and there's both
+hdrlYCECek0-00450-00094364-00094567 financially as well as from a business
+hdrlYCECek0-00451-00094568-00094789 perspective but it's not it's real an
+hdrlYCECek0-00452-00094790-00094987 opportunity to focus and if I was at
+hdrlYCECek0-00453-00094988-00095293 another company I would wonder whether
+hdrlYCECek0-00454-00095294-00095512 or not their strategy is continuously
+hdrlYCECek0-00455-00095513-00095635 before will feel been senior vice
+hdrlYCECek0-00456-00095636-00095812 president gentlemen storage and big data
+hdrlYCECek0-00457-00095813-00095986 at Hewlett Packard enterprises to cute
+hdrlYCECek0-00458-00095987-00096187 more live coverage after the short break
+hdrlYCECek0-00459-00096188-00096418 from Las Vegas HP discover 2017 I'm
+hdrlYCECek0-00460-00096419-00096613 shopper dave Volante put the cue pulley
+hdrlYCECek0-00461-00096614-00097375 right back after this short break
+hdrlYCECek0-00462-00097376-00097665 [Music]
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00000-00000071-00001119 [Music]
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00001-00001120-00001639 hold up
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00002-00001639-00002883 [Music]
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00003-00002884-00003046 so
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00004-00003047-00004283 [Music]
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00005-00004284-00004455 goodbye
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00006-00004456-00007083 [Music]
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00007-00007084-00007233 so
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00008-00007234-00008483 [Music]
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00009-00008484-00008718 oh
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00010-00008719-00009883 [Music]
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00011-00009884-00010044 oh
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00012-00010045-00010527 [Music]
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00013-00010528-00011425 hold up
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00014-00011426-00011935 [Music]
+hf-ke1yjtDc-00015-00011936-00012143 you
+hg3bOk8zcvg-00000-00000000-00000455 and actually
+hg3bOk8zcvg-00001-00000456-00002849 subscribe my channel
+hg3bOk8zcvg-00002-00002850-00005801 foreign
+hg3bOk8zcvg-00003-00005802-00006101 do you know
+hg3bOk8zcvg-00004-00006102-00007696 um
+hg3bOk8zcvg-00005-00007697-00010678 foreign
+hg3bOk8zcvg-00007-00014987-00016456 foreign
+hg3bOk8zcvg-00008-00016457-00018479 [Music]
+hg3bOk8zcvg-00010-00022062-00022337 [Music]
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00000-00000068-00000361 zoology or animal biology as the branch
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00001-00000362-00000557 of biology that studies the animal
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00002-00000558-00000701 kingdom including the structure
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00003-00000702-00000983 embryology evolution classification
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00004-00000984-00001211 habits and distribution of all animals
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00005-00001212-00001403 both living and extinct and how they
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00006-00001404-00001664 interact with their ecosystems the term
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00007-00001664-00001907 is derived from ancient Greek Zion Zion
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00008-00001907-00002377 ie animal and logos logos ie knowledge
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00009-00002378-00002781 study
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00010-00002782-00003286 topic history
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00011-00003287-00003847 topic ancient history to Darwin
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00012-00003848-00004118 the history of zoology traces the study
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00013-00004119-00004292 of the animal kingdom from ancient to
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00014-00004293-00004559 modern times although the concept of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00015-00004560-00004808 zoology as a single coherent field arose
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00016-00004809-00005029 much later the zoological Sciences
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00017-00005030-00005225 emerged from natural history reaching
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00018-00005226-00005393 back to the biological works of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00019-00005394-00005554 Aristotle and Galen in the ancient
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00020-00005555-00005863 greco-roman world this ancient work was
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00021-00005864-00006056 further developed in the Middle Ages by
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00022-00006057-00006250 Muslim physicians and scholars such as
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00023-00006251-00006542 Albertus Magnus during the Renaissance
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00024-00006543-00006760 and early modern period zoological
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00025-00006761-00006962 thought was revolutionized in Europe by
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00026-00006963-00007163 a renewed interest in empiricism and the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00027-00007164-00007387 discovery of many novel organisms
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00028-00007388-00007634 prominent in this movement were Vesalius
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00029-00007634-00007804 and William Harvey who used
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00030-00007805-00007979 experimentation and careful observation
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00031-00007980-00008260 in Physiology and naturalist such as
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00032-00008261-00008462 Carl Linnaeus Gen Baptist Lamarck and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00033-00008463-00008641 Buffon who began to classify the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00034-00008642-00008834 diversity of life in the fossil record
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00035-00008835-00009044 as well as the development and behavior
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00036-00009045-00009332 of organisms microscopy revealed the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00037-00009333-00009479 previously unknown world of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00038-00009480-00009683 microorganisms laying the groundwork for
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00039-00009684-00009955 cell theory the growing importance of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00040-00009956-00010193 natural theology partly a response to
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00041-00010194-00010337 the rise of mechanical philosophy
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00042-00010338-00010544 encourage the growth of Natural History
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00043-00010545-00010748 although it entrenched the argument from
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00044-00010749-00011113 design over the 18th 19th and 20th
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00045-00011114-00011363 centuries zoology became an increasingly
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00046-00011364-00011574 professional scientific discipline
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00047-00011575-00011863 Explorer naturalist such as Alexander
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00048-00011864-00012028 von Humboldt investigated the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00049-00012029-00012227 interaction between organisms and their
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00050-00012228-00012370 environment and the ways this
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00051-00012371-00012602 relationship depends on geography laying
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00052-00012603-00012874 the foundations for biogeography ecology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00053-00012875-00013160 and ethology natural ists began to
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00054-00013161-00013355 reject essentialism and consider the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00055-00013356-00013505 importance of extinction and the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00056-00013506-00013775 mutability of species cell theory
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00057-00013776-00013946 provided a new perspective on the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00058-00013947-00014440 fundamental basis of life
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00059-00014441-00014866 topic post Darwin
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00060-00014868-00015080 these developments as well as the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00061-00015081-00015269 results from embryology and paleontology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00062-00015269-00015520 were synthesized in Charles Darwin's
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00063-00015521-00015697 theory of evolution by natural selection
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00064-00015698-00016091 in 1859 Darwin placed the theory of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00065-00016091-00016313 organic evolution on a new footing by
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00066-00016313-00016486 his discovery of a process by which
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00067-00016487-00016753 organic evolution can occur and provided
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00068-00016754-00016945 observational evidence that it had done
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00069-00016946-00017134 so Darwin gave a new direction to
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00070-00017135-00017375 morphology and physiology by uniting
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00071-00017376-00017591 them in a common biological theory the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00072-00017592-00017869 theory of organic evolution the result
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00073-00017870-00018002 was a reconstruction of the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00074-00018003-00018187 classification of animals upon a
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00075-00018188-00018455 genealogical basis fresh investigation
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00076-00018456-00018650 of the development of animals and early
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00077-00018651-00018811 attempts to determine their genetic
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00078-00018812-00019067 relationships the end of the 19th
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00079-00019068-00019280 century saw the fall of spontaneous
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00080-00019281-00019453 generation and the rise of the germ
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00081-00019454-00019609 theory of disease though the mechanism
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00082-00019610-00019811 of inheritance remained a mystery
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00083-00019812-00020069 in the early 20th century the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00084-00020070-00020272 rediscovery of Mendel's work led to the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00085-00020273-00020474 rapid development of genetics and by the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00086-00020475-00020734 1930s the combination of population
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00087-00020735-00020917 genetics and natural selection in the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00088-00020918-00021125 modern synthesis created evolutionary
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00089-00021126-00021500 biology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00090-00021501-00022010 topic research
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00091-00022011-00022458 topic structural
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00092-00022459-00022762 cell biology studies the structural and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00093-00022763-00022945 physiological properties of cells
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00094-00022946-00023173 including their behavior interactions
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00095-00023174-00023446 and environment this is done on both the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00096-00023447-00023662 microscopic and molecular levels for
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00097-00023663-00023833 single-celled organisms such as bacteria
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00098-00023834-00024079 as well as the specialized cells in
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00099-00024080-00024363 multicellular organisms such as humans
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00100-00024364-00024577 understanding the structure and function
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00101-00024578-00024763 of cells is fundamental to all of the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00102-00024764-00025087 biological sciences the similarities and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00103-00025088-00025261 differences between cell types are
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00104-00025262-00025447 particularly relevant to molecular
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00105-00025448-00025797 biology anatomy considers the forms of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00106-00025798-00026008 macroscopic structures such as organs
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00107-00026008-00026277 and organ systems it focuses on how
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00108-00026279-00026485 organs and organ systems work together
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00109-00026486-00026707 in the bodies of humans and animals in
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00110-00026708-00026931 addition to how they work independently
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00111-00026932-00027220 anatomy and cell biology are two studies
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00112-00027220-00027388 that are closely related and can be
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00113-00027389-00027980 categorized under structural studies
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00114-00027981-00028652 topic physiological physiology studies
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00115-00028652-00028843 the mechanical physical and biochemical
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00116-00028844-00029083 processes of living organisms by
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00117-00029085-00029270 attempting to understand how all of the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00118-00029270-00029531 structures function as a whole the Thema
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00119-00029532-00029815 structured to function is central to
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00120-00029816-00030058 biology physiological studies have
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00121-00030060-00030248 traditionally been divided into plant
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00122-00030249-00030482 physiology and animal physiology but
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00123-00030483-00030670 some principles of physiology are
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00124-00030672-00030877 universal no matter what particular
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00125-00030879-00031120 organism is being studied for example
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00126-00031122-00031337 what is learned about the physiology of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00127-00031338-00031540 yeast cells can also apply to human
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00128-00031541-00031789 cells the field of animal physiology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00129-00031789-00032039 extends the tools and methods of human
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00130-00032039-00032293 physiology to non-human species
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00131-00032294-00032489 physiology studies how for example
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00132-00032489-00032792 nervous immune endocrine respiratory and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00133-00032793-00033011 circulatory systems function and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00134-00033012-00033340 interact
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00135-00033341-00033867 topic Evolutionary
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00136-00033868-00034098 evolutionary research is concerned with
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00137-00034099-00034290 the origin and descent of species as
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00138-00034291-00034464 well as their change over time and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00139-00034465-00034611 includes scientists from many
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00140-00034612-00034911 taxonomically oriented disciplines for
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00141-00034912-00035157 example it generally involves scientists
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00142-00035158-00035318 who have special training in particular
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00143-00035319-00035617 organisms such as mammalogy ornithology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00144-00035618-00035886 herpetology or entomology but use those
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00145-00035887-00036096 organisms as systems to answer general
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00146-00036097-00036405 questions about evolution evolutionary
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00147-00036406-00036621 biology is partly based on paleontology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00148-00036622-00036882 which uses the fossil record to answer
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00149-00036883-00037065 questions about the mode and tempo of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00150-00037066-00037276 evolution and partly on the developments
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00151-00037277-00037501 in areas such as population genetics and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00152-00037502-00037746 evolutionary theory following the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00153-00037747-00037942 development of DNA fingerprinting
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00154-00037943-00038170 techniques in the late 20th century the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00155-00038171-00038335 application of these techniques in
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00156-00038336-00038554 zoology has increased the understanding
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00157-00038555-00038862 of animal populations in the 1980's
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00158-00038863-00039063 developmental biology re-entered
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00159-00039064-00039261 evolutionary biology from its initial
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00160-00039262-00039460 exclusion from the modern synthesis
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00161-00039461-00039610 through the study of evolutionary
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00162-00039611-00039918 developmental biology related fields
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00163-00039919-00040113 often considered part of evolutionary
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00164-00040114-00040389 biology our phylogenetic systematics and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00165-00040390-00040798 taxonomy
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00166-00040799-00041282 topic classification
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00167-00041283-00041574 scientific classification in zoology is
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00168-00041575-00041811 a method by which zoologists group and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00169-00041812-00042060 categorize organisms by biological type
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00170-00042061-00042390 such as genus or species biological
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00171-00042391-00042585 classification is a form of scientific
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00172-00042586-00042789 taxonomy modern biological
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00173-00042790-00043056 classification has its root in the work
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00174-00043057-00043263 of Carl Linnaeus who grouped species
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00175-00043264-00043379 according to shared physical
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00176-00043380-00043638 characteristics these groupings have
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00177-00043639-00043794 since been revised to improve
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00178-00043795-00044019 consistency with the Darwinian principle
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00179-00044020-00044241 of common descent Molecular
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00180-00044242-00044511 phylogenetics which uses DNA sequences
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00181-00044512-00044742 as data has driven many recent revisions
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00182-00044743-00044981 and is likely to continue to do so
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00183-00044982-00045252 biological classification belongs to the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00184-00045253-00045579 science of zoological systematics many
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00185-00045580-00045810 scientists now consider the five kingdom
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00186-00045811-00046047 system outdated modern alternative
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00187-00046048-00046278 classification systems generally start
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00188-00046279-00046473 with the three domain system archaea
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00189-00046474-00046710 originally archaebacteria bacteria
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00190-00046711-00046923 originally you bacteria eukaryota
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00191-00046924-00047184 including protists fungi plants and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00192-00047185-00047388 animals these domains reflect whether
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00193-00047389-00047595 the cells have nuclei or not as well as
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00194-00047596-00047811 differences in the chemical composition
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00195-00047812-00047988 of the cell exteriors further each
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00196-00047989-00048201 kingdom is broken down recursively until
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00197-00048202-00048408 each species is separately classified
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00198-00048409-00048834 the order is domain kingdom phylum class
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00199-00048835-00049191 order family genus species the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00200-00049192-00049386 scientific name of an organism is
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00201-00049387-00049692 generated from its genus and species for
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00202-00049693-00049890 example humans are listed as Homo
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00203-00049891-00050178 sapiens homo is the genus and sapiens
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00204-00050179-00050352 the specific epithet both of them
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00205-00050353-00050619 combined make up the species name when
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00206-00050620-00050784 writing the scientific name of an
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00207-00050785-00051012 organism it is proper to capitalize the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00208-00051013-00051213 first letter in the genus and put all of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00209-00051214-00051440 the specific epithet in lowercase
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00210-00051441-00051654 additionally the entire term may be
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00211-00051654-00051903 italicized or underlined the dominant
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00212-00051904-00052089 classification system is called the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00213-00052090-00052386 Linnaean taxonomy it includes ranks and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00214-00052387-00052671 binomial nomenclature the classification
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00215-00052672-00052904 taxonomy and nomenclature of zoological
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00216-00052905-00053100 organisms is administered by the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00217-00053101-00053235 international code of zoological
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00218-00053236-00053619 nomenclature emerging draft bio code was
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00219-00053620-00053862 published in 1997 in an attempt to
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00220-00053863-00054078 standardize nomenclature but has yet to
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00221-00054079-00054454 be formally adopted
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00222-00054455-00054944 topic ethology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00223-00054945-00055191 Sallah G is the scientific and objective
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00224-00055191-00055418 study of animal behavior under natural
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00225-00055419-00055637 conditions as opposed to behaviorism
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00226-00055638-00055866 which focuses on behavioral response
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00227-00055866-00056090 studies in a laboratory setting
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00228-00056091-00056273 ethologists have been particularly
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00229-00056274-00056490 concerned with the evolution of behavior
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00230-00056491-00056666 and the understanding of behavior in
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00231-00056667-00056823 terms of the theory of natural selection
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00232-00056824-00057194 in one sense the first modern ethologist
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00233-00057195-00057374 was Charles Darwin whose book the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00234-00057375-00057560 expression of the emotions in man and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00235-00057561-00057749 animals influenced many future
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00236-00057750-00058172 ethologists
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00237-00058173-00058638 topic biogeography
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00238-00058639-00058896 biogeography studies the spatial
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00239-00058897-00059073 distribution of organisms on the earth
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00240-00059074-00059328 focusing on topics like plate tectonics
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00241-00059329-00059577 climate change dispersal and migration
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00242-00059578-00059841 and cladistics the creation of this
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00243-00059841-00060041 study is widely accredited to Alfred
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00244-00060042-00060266 Russel Wallace a British biologist who
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00245-00060267-00060453 had some of his work jointly published
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00246-00060454-00060853 with Charles Darwin
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00247-00060854-00061424 topic branches of zoology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00248-00061425-00061643 although the study of animal life is
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00249-00061644-00061865 ancient its scientific incarnation is
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00250-00061866-00062090 relatively modern this mirrors the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00251-00062091-00062291 transition from natural history to
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00252-00062292-00062530 biology at the start of the 19th century
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00253-00062531-00062807 since hunter and Cuvier comparative
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00254-00062808-00062999 anatomical study has been associated
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00255-00063000-00063240 with more fog rafi shaping the modern
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00256-00063241-00063449 areas of zoological investigation
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00257-00063450-00063791 anatomy physiology histology embryology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00258-00063792-00064151 teratology and ethology modern zoology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00259-00064152-00064319 first arose in German and British
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00260-00064320-00064584 universities in Britain Thomas Henry
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00261-00064585-00064862 Huxley was a prominent figure his ideas
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00262-00064863-00065012 were centered on the morphology of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00263-00065013-00065230 animals many consider him the greatest
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00264-00065231-00065462 comparative anatomist of the latter half
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00265-00065463-00065765 of the 19th century similar to hunter
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00266-00065766-00065960 his courses were composed of lectures
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00267-00065961-00066161 and laboratory practical classes in
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00268-00066162-00066347 contrast to the previous format of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00269-00066348-00066719 lectures only gradually zoology expanded
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00270-00066720-00066944 beyond Huxley's comparative anatomy to
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00271-00066945-00067259 include the following sub disciplines zu
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00272-00067260-00067457 ography also known as descriptive
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00273-00067458-00067671 zoology is the applied science of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00274-00067672-00067924 describing animals in their habitats
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00275-00067925-00068138 comparative anatomy studies the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00276-00068139-00068518 structure of animals animal physiology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00277-00068519-00068885 behavioral ecology pathology studies
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00278-00068886-00069259 animal behavior in vertebrate zoology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00279-00069260-00069706 vertebrate zoology soil zoology the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00280-00069707-00069956 various taxonomically oriented
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00281-00069957-00070209 disciplines such as mammalogy biological
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00282-00070210-00070490 anthropology herpetology ornithology and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00283-00070491-00070784 entomology identify and classify species
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00284-00070785-00070940 and study the structures and mechanisms
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00285-00070941-00071293 specific to those groups related fields
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00286-00071294-00071561 evolutionary biology development of both
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00287-00071562-00071765 animals and plants is considered in the
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00288-00071766-00071963 articles on evolution population
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00289-00071964-00072242 genetics heredity variation Mendel ISM
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00290-00072243-00072515 and reproduction Molecular Biology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00291-00072516-00072728 studies the common genetic and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00292-00072729-00072935 developmental mechanisms of animals and
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00293-00072936-00073346 plants paleontology systematics
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00294-00073347-00073562 cladistics philo genetics phyla
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00295-00073563-00073826 geography biogeography and taxonomy
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00296-00073827-00074084 classify and group species via common
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00297-00074085-00074657 descent and regional associations
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00298-00074658-00075175 topic see also
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00299-00075176-00075412 animal science the biology of
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00300-00075413-00075862 domesticated animals astrobiology list
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00301-00075863-00076227 of zoologists outline of zoology
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00302-00076228-00076582 timeline of zoology zoological
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00303-00076583-00077116 distribution mammalogy
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00304-00077117-00077690 topic references
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00305-00077691-00078224 topic external links
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00306-00078225-00078553 books on zoology at Project Gutenberg
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00307-00078554-00078773 online dictionary of invertebrate
+hgUZrDlNmGE-00308-00078774-00078992 zoology
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00000-00000408-00000551 well with this it is time for me to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00001-00000552-00000751 welcome uh and it is a
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00002-00000752-00000966 static moment for all of us that we are
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00003-00000967-00001150 joined by mr webb of danger who's the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00004-00001151-00001350 founding director
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00005-00001351-00001495 and member of the federation of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00006-00001496-00001718 electronic sports association india
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00007-00001719-00002039 which is feai in a conversation with dr
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00008-00002039-00002191 anurag badra
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00009-00002192-00002455 the editor-in-chief of bw business world
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00010-00002456-00002671 and exchange for media
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00011-00002672-00002831 group so this is going to be an exciting
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00012-00002832-00003039 conversation i'm sure a lot of uh
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00013-00003040-00003142 keenness
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00014-00003143-00003286 to this conversation is going to be
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00015-00003288-00003486 there dr batra over to you to take it
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00016-00003488-00003686 forward with sudan dandy thank you so
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00017-00003688-00003911 much for joining us thank you
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00018-00003911-00004063 thank you thank you
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00019-00004064-00004206 dr
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00020-00004207-00004454 mr thank you so much you have really
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00021-00004455-00004719 multi-faceted and congratulations to you
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00022-00004720-00004902 on your latest book
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00023-00004903-00005254 uh yes i am very much here about now
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00024-00005255-00005463 yeah i'm very much here and so is mr
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00025-00005464-00005683 danger so let me
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00026-00005684-00005870 um
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00027-00005871-00006086 let me dive into a conversation directly
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00028-00006087-00006191 with mr
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00029-00006192-00006510 uh
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00030-00006511-00006623 first of all
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00031-00006623-00006951 let me start by asking you
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00032-00006952-00007175 you know as we heard that the gaming is
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00033-00007176-00007406 a fastest growing segment within that
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00034-00007408-00007606 esports is being set up so i would like
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00035-00007608-00007695 today
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00036-00007695-00007959 why was while i am aware of uh that the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00037-00007959-00008303 fea i is promoting india as a
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00038-00008304-00008583 you know first esports uh
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00039-00008584-00008823 that it is a hybrid definition so tell
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00040-00008824-00009078 us what is the charter of the fei and
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00041-00009079-00009391 how you are becoming a catalyst to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00042-00009392-00009567 to really build the right policy
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00043-00009568-00009814 framework engage all the stakeholders
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00044-00009815-00010078 and grow the domain
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00045-00010079-00010335 thank you thank you dr dr batra for this
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00046-00010336-00010567 wonderful opportunity to interact
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00047-00010568-00010863 and as as we know whatever dr bhatra and
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00048-00010864-00011174 your team does is is always
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00049-00011175-00011383 beyond excellence so i'm sure that this
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00050-00011384-00011583 is conversation and the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00051-00011584-00011814 entire uh day long
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00052-00011815-00012046 program you have chat out is going to be
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00053-00012047-00012351 very interesting and helpful
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00054-00012352-00012455 as you
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00055-00012456-00012663 said in your opening remarks and i was
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00056-00012664-00012871 looking at your you know watching your
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00057-00012872-00013135 remarks you are right that overall
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00058-00013136-00013438 gaming industry is increasing globally
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00059-00013440-00013694 and of course india cannot be aloof of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00060-00013695-00013863 that development that's happening
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00061-00013863-00014015 globally
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00062-00014016-00014175 today we are roughly around three
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00063-00014176-00014455 percent in our in our participation into
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00064-00014456-00014566 the gaming
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00065-00014568-00014663 industry
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00066-00014663-00014886 the entire avgc industry
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00067-00014887-00015063 uh fortunately the government has
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00068-00015063-00015327 recognized that this is going to be
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00069-00015328-00015543 to be to be a huge area
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00070-00015544-00015638 and
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00071-00015640-00015791 right from the top honorable prime
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00072-00015791-00016047 minister has been commenting on this
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00073-00016047-00016286 time and again from last couple of years
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00074-00016287-00016527 uh about how india can you know be
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00075-00016528-00016879 benefited both in terms of participating
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00076-00016880-00017119 from from the players perspective
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00077-00017120-00017294 developers perspective tournament
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00078-00017295-00017447 organizers
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00079-00017448-00017727 participating in tournaments and i so so
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00080-00017728-00017958 everybody has recognized this though we
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00081-00017959-00018103 are just three percent in terms of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00082-00018104-00018383 participation today but i'm sure in next
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00083-00018384-00018599 couple of years or a few years
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00084-00018600-00018799 this this number is going to be
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00085-00018800-00019022 phenomenally going up shall be going
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00086-00019023-00019286 phenomenally so i think uh
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00087-00019287-00019494 it's it's a right time we thought that
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00088-00019495-00019807 it's a right time that we
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00089-00019808-00020030 must do a very considered and a very
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00090-00020031-00020303 sustained effort to ensure that india is
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00091-00020304-00020486 at the proper forefront of this
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00092-00020487-00020775 development and not only we play our own
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00093-00020776-00020967 part in ensuring that we are part of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00094-00020968-00021199 this development we also as a nation
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00095-00021200-00021399 gets benefited by these
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00096-00021400-00021558 changes that is happening the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00097-00021559-00021703 opportunities that this sector is
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00098-00021704-00021950 happening and with that perspective
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00099-00021951-00022150 federation of esports of association of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00100-00022151-00022319 india was formed
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00101-00022320-00022599 as you rightly said we we are definitely
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00102-00022600-00022911 trying to promote a
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00103-00022912-00023158 kind of a hybrid model which uh
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00104-00023159-00023311 government of india has also been
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00105-00023312-00023622 talking about we we will like
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00106-00023623-00023807 probably ministry of youth affairs and
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00107-00023808-00024039 also the ministry of i.t
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00108-00024040-00024278 to define uh sports both and
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00109-00024279-00024535 differentiate between esports uh you
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00110-00024536-00024639 know
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00111-00024640-00024903 real money gaming or fantasy sports so
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00112-00024904-00025086 i'm not saying they're good or bad but
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00113-00025087-00025255 they have their own role to play and
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00114-00025256-00025599 esports i i will primarily look at these
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00115-00025600-00025846 sports as a game which supreme court has
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00116-00025847-00026111 also said that any skill based online
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00117-00026112-00026279 gaming or
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00118-00026280-00026535 are played on any of the electronic
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00119-00026536-00026743 format whether it is phones mobile
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00120-00026744-00026927 phones or on gadgets
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00121-00026927-00027167 can be considered as esports and i think
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00122-00027168-00027414 that clarification or that
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00123-00027416-00027646 evolving of that right definition
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00124-00027647-00027911 is where fei has been working
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00125-00027912-00028223 relentlessly since since last two years
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00126-00028224-00028479 because uh then only
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00127-00028480-00028702 we can be really benefited because not
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00128-00028704-00028862 only players should participate because
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00129-00028863-00028999 india has a huge
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00130-00029000-00029231 you know we have a youngest population
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00131-00029232-00029695 today uh 85 of india's esports market is
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00132-00029695-00029927 on mobile phone we have more than you
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00133-00029927-00030255 know 90 percent of our
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00134-00030256-00030518 you know
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00135-00030519-00030743 mobile bank game market is growing by
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00136-00030744-00030918 almost
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00137-00030919-00030951 year 35-40
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00138-00030952-00031046 year
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00139-00031047-00031279 we have 150 billion population we have
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00140-00031280-00031551 more than 80 90 billion smart moves
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00141-00031552-00031751 smartphones so i think with all this put
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00142-00031752-00031958 together india is poised to get
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00143-00031960-00032151 benefited and if we we miss this
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00144-00032152-00032383 opportunity then probably we will miss
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00145-00032383-00032599 as a nation as economics so i think that
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00146-00032600-00032879 is the uh perspective which fear has in
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00147-00032880-00033127 in a in a larger terms
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00148-00033128-00033543 uh what are the policy
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00149-00033544-00033831 tweaks policy measures that need to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00150-00033832-00033927 happen
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00151-00033928-00034111 uh from the policy makers from the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00152-00034112-00034783 government to be able to give policy
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00153-00034784-00035118 yeah so uh you know
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00154-00035119-00035343 the policy makers are
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00155-00035344-00035599 able to build the right framework what
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00156-00035600-00035823 is that right framework what is your
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00157-00035824-00035967 expectations
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00158-00035968-00036143 as an association and someone who
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00159-00036144-00036318 represents the industry
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00160-00036319-00036487 from the government
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00161-00036488-00036702 from the policy makers
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00162-00036703-00036839 uh
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00163-00036840-00036967 yes of course
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00164-00036968-00037102 as i said
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00165-00037103-00037439 we look at it esports as a larger
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00166-00037440-00037646 you know as a very important component
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00167-00037647-00037815 of the overall gaming and sports
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00168-00037816-00038174 industry in india and as i said
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00169-00038175-00038455 we look at it from a bit holistic
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00170-00038456-00038671 holistic perspective of all these
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00171-00038672-00038879 stakeholders player playing their own
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00172-00038880-00039118 role for example esports area players
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00173-00039119-00039335 will have a role to play
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00174-00039336-00039527 team owners will have a role to play
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00175-00039528-00039702 tournament organizers will have a role
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00176-00039703-00039935 to play game developers will have to be
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00177-00039936-00040174 a will have a role to play so everybody
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00178-00040175-00040455 will have to play a role so i think we
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00179-00040456-00040679 look at esports from this perspective
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00180-00040680-00040871 and we have prepared a draft policy
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00181-00040872-00041055 paper interacting with almost every
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00182-00041056-00041271 stakeholder taking everybody on the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00183-00041272-00041487 board and we are about to submit those
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00184-00041488-00041718 draft policy documents to the government
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00185-00041719-00041887 and we are happy that finance minister
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00186-00041888-00042111 has announced in this year's budget that
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00187-00042112-00042327 avgc policy shall be prepared and they
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00188-00042328-00042535 have prepared a small group which will
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00189-00042536-00042718 look at this policy and we have been
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00190-00042719-00042951 suggesting to government uh to work
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00191-00042952-00043207 closely in in developing those policy
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00192-00043208-00043351 for example
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00193-00043352-00043511 we look at it
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00194-00043512-00043735 not only conventional esports should be
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00195-00043736-00044023 played but we also look at how can we
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00196-00044024-00044246 bring in indian games to this whole area
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00197-00044247-00044446 arena today our participation in
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00198-00044447-00044671 developing probably indian games is very
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00199-00044672-00044855 less but can we look at that indian
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00200-00044856-00045023 developers come up with a huge number of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00201-00045024-00045223 indian games and you know
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00202-00045224-00045487 look at developing that or for example
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00203-00045488-00045702 we are looking at developing a bottom-up
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00204-00045703-00045911 approach where we are working with the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00205-00045912-00046167 you know district level state level
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00206-00046168-00046455 uh universities colleges to organize
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00207-00046456-00046615 those kind of tournaments in fact in
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00208-00046616-00046830 last one more than one year we have
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00209-00046831-00046990 organized more than three four national
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00210-00046991-00047174 tournament with the participation of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00211-00047175-00047407 more than one lakh east sports owner so
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00212-00047408-00047590 you know those aspects also need to be
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00213-00047591-00047862 how do entire ecosystems of esports in
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00214-00047863-00048046 india needs to be developed so right
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00215-00048047-00048279 from defining the esports right from
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00216-00048280-00048479 roles and responsibility right from how
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00217-00048480-00048646 do we get benefited in terms of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00218-00048647-00048879 opportunities how do developers play
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00219-00048880-00049023 their own role
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00220-00049024-00049246 so i think that's one aspect similarly
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00221-00049247-00049390 there is another aspect that we need to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00222-00049391-00049615 look at for example if he has suggested
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00223-00049616-00049895 to do the ranking of the players
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00224-00049896-00050062 and by doing the ranking we are also
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00225-00050063-00050318 looking at how do we protect data of the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00226-00050319-00050567 players both in terms of their ranking
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00227-00050568-00050743 their you know so data protection
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00228-00050744-00051095 aspects also needs to be to be look at
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00229-00051096-00051302 so similarly for example the new
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00230-00051303-00051542 education policy also talks about
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00231-00051544-00051775 developing these news new educational
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00232-00051776-00051990 and skill programs for this new age
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00233-00051991-00052254 economy and new a new age opportunity so
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00234-00052255-00052430 in our policy document we are also
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00235-00052432-00052615 talking about what do we need to do from
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00236-00052616-00052815 that that fund for example we have
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00237-00052816-00053038 interacted with the esports association
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00238-00053039-00053311 of usa and esports association of uk and
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00239-00053312-00053479 we are trying to understand how do they
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00240-00053479-00053671 have developed their own skills
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00241-00053672-00053959 skill courses skill syllabuses education
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00242-00053960-00054166 syllabuses so that also needs to be
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00243-00054167-00054391 looked at uh you will be surprised to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00244-00054391-00054694 know dr batara the typical age group of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00245-00054695-00054919 esports players is between 15 to 18
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00246-00054920-00055150 years of age or 20 years of age so we
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00247-00055151-00055335 are also looking at how do we create an
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00248-00055336-00055582 ecosystem where host those
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00249-00055583-00055863 peak of their in a way sporting career
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00250-00055864-00056126 how do we ensure that these players are
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00251-00056127-00056350 are still contributing to the esports
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00252-00056351-00056535 and their livelihood and everything is
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00253-00056536-00056735 taken care of so i think those aspects
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00254-00056736-00056959 also need to be added so from the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00255-00056960-00057159 federation we always are looking at
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00256-00057160-00057415 ensuring that we have a very complete
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00257-00057416-00057694 holistic view of the entire esports
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00258-00057695-00057959 arena and try to develop a ecosystem
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00259-00057960-00058111 which is win-win for
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00260-00058112-00058294 for all the stakeholders i think that's
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00261-00058295-00058463 our larger expectation from the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00262-00058464-00058711 government and hopefully with this draft
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00263-00058712-00058911 which we are submitting and the group
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00264-00058912-00059054 government has put in
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00265-00059055-00059447 will be able to to to effectively uh
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00266-00059448-00059591 suggest government partner with
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00267-00059591-00059807 government on developing those ideas
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00268-00059808-00060071 in a larger interest of the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00269-00060072-00060335 nation and therefore we put a lot of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00270-00060336-00060654 ever effort in in ensuring evolving the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00271-00060655-00060806 those dialogue with all the stakeholders
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00272-00060807-00060975 so for example we have n number of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00273-00060976-00061159 sessions with industry developers
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00274-00061160-00061399 tournament organizers team owners
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00275-00061400-00061566 for example we are also tying up with
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00276-00061567-00061806 the government of india on using this
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00277-00061807-00062015 hello india platform to take e-sports to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00278-00062016-00062247 the you know at the school college and
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00279-00062248-00062447 university level so i think all this put
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00280-00062448-00062582 together
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00281-00062583-00062750 we look at developing the ecosystem
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00282-00062751-00063030 which is which is for india by indians
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00283-00063032-00063119 but
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00284-00063120-00063654 is capable of taking india to the global
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00285-00063655-00063742 okay
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00286-00063744-00063999 now when you talking india taking india
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00287-00064000-00064166 to the global level
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00288-00064167-00064319 if you had to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00289-00064320-00064463 put a number
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00290-00064464-00064687 of what is the kind of growth you see in
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00291-00064688-00064782 the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00292-00064783-00065079 gaming arena and in the esports arena
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00293-00065079-00065342 give our viewers a sense of the kind of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00294-00065344-00065559 scale-up that is happening the kind of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00295-00065560-00065823 scale-up that is possible the kind of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00296-00065824-00066103 numbers we can expect our pitch medicine
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00297-00066104-00066375 advertising outlook our
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00298-00066376-00066703 exchange for media densu digital uh
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00299-00066704-00066950 outlook all have predicted huge growth
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00300-00066951-00067167 for the gaming sector
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00301-00067168-00067335 and so have all other reports in this
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00302-00067336-00067519 sector your own report
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00303-00067520-00067735 so give us a sense of what is the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00304-00067736-00067943 numbers we are likely to do over the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00305-00067944-00068055 next few
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00306-00068056-00068335 years
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00307-00068336-00068575 yes of course as i said dr madra i'll
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00308-00068576-00068767 try to share a few data which is which
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00309-00068768-00069047 is when it itself is very very uh you
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00310-00069048-00069343 know speaking for example today india
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00311-00069344-00069623 has a gaming viewership of around 450
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00312-00069624-00069799 million
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00313-00069800-00070150 and most of them you know uh 48 of them
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00314-00070151-00070375 are youtube gamers who have said that
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00315-00070376-00070623 they'll they'll like to watch the uh you
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00316-00070624-00070823 know these games than actually playing
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00317-00070824-00071015 the games so there is a huge amount of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00318-00071016-00071238 viewership in india similarly for
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00319-00071239-00071343 example
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00320-00071344-00071615 in 2019 we have around 25 game
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00321-00071616-00071767 developers in india
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00322-00071768-00071967 today as one day when we speak we have
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00323-00071968-00072199 more than 500 500
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00324-00072200-00072471 you know developers in india and this is
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00325-00072472-00072582 bound to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00326-00072583-00072879 probably triple by 23.
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00327-00072880-00073135 for example game like cricket has catch
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00328-00073136-00073391 the frenzy uh you know uh
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00329-00073392-00073615 i think rajan levan is going to join you
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00330-00073616-00073694 in
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00331-00073695-00073903 next session he'll explain you in detail
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00332-00073904-00074159 the real cricket has has crossed all the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00333-00074160-00074303 boundaries in terms of viewership
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00334-00074304-00074503 players participation the national
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00335-00074504-00074687 tournament has seen more than 40 million
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00336-00074688-00074903 participate you know viewership more
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00337-00074904-00075111 than one lakh people participating so i
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00338-00075112-00075399 think this is bound to grow ground
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00339-00075400-00075606 if if i put may put
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00340-00075607-00075855 it's it's like catching a wildfire
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00341-00075856-00076303 so if we are probably able to uh uh
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00342-00076304-00076455 to to kind of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00343-00076456-00076671 direct it with the right regulatory
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00344-00076672-00076919 framework and the right framework then
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00345-00076920-00077159 this this can be used as our advantage
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00346-00077160-00077375 at india's advantage so i think from
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00347-00077376-00077567 that perspective i see
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00348-00077568-00078023 probably sky is the limit
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00349-00078024-00078238 or if i may say icloud cloud is the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00350-00078239-00078711 limit in esports
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00351-00078712-00078935 okay my last question
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00352-00078936-00079350 yeah
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00353-00079351-00079623 okay now my last question what are your
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00354-00079624-00079879 expectations from the private players
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00355-00079880-00080119 while this you know gaming
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00356-00080120-00080279 involves young
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00357-00080280-00080382 adults
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00358-00080383-00080591 and we have a worry they spend too much
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00359-00080592-00080703 time on
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00360-00080704-00081062 the screen some of the games are violent
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00361-00081063-00081223 so how do you make sure you strike the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00362-00081224-00081494 balance so is there are do the private
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00363-00081495-00081671 players who are a very important
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00364-00081672-00081911 stakeholder in this ecosystem i'm sure
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00365-00081912-00082135 they're thinking about such aspects what
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00366-00082136-00082350 is what are your expectations from these
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00367-00082351-00082567 private players
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00368-00082568-00082694 no you're right i think that's the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00369-00082695-00082982 biggest challenge the entire gaming
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00370-00082983-00083287 online gaming industry today
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00371-00083288-00083550 is going to face in even facing today
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00372-00083551-00083782 and and they are bound to increase in
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00373-00083783-00083950 few years for example we have seen
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00374-00083951-00084223 recently few states have ran online
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00375-00084224-00084575 gaming and you know
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00376-00084576-00084743 similar kind of efforts have been made
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00377-00084744-00084991 of course sports have now given some
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00378-00084992-00085223 respite in that but this is bound to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00379-00085224-00085438 happen there is a lot of negativity in
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00380-00085439-00085647 terms of amount of violence and amount
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00381-00085648-00085959 of gaming so i think private sector
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00382-00085960-00086167 particularly in indian developers will
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00383-00086168-00086350 have to come up with lot of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00384-00086351-00086575 solutions in terms of developing lot of
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00385-00086576-00086791 indian games which are skill based games
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00386-00086792-00086991 so for example conventional traditional
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00387-00086992-00087150 games can be brought on the esports
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00388-00087151-00087367 platform that is something which can be
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00389-00087368-00087615 developed today india is contributing
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00390-00087616-00087911 hugely on the you know uh iit and iot
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00391-00087912-00088223 based sectors why can't we you know have
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00392-00088224-00088391 a lot of developers in india who are
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00393-00088392-00088550 coming up with lot of indian games
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00394-00088551-00088791 traditional conventional indian games
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00395-00088792-00088982 and we will also have to look at private
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00396-00088983-00089167 sector will team owners player
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00397-00089168-00089415 management companies we as a association
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00398-00089416-00089631 will have to look at how do we ensure
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00399-00089632-00089926 that we we
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00400-00089927-00090247 reduce the negative impact of you know
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00401-00090248-00090406 if at all they are
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00402-00090407-00090711 through a sustained effort of educating
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00403-00090712-00091006 both kingdoms of the players
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00404-00091007-00091294 their guardians parents team owners uh
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00405-00091295-00091503 developers to come up with so so one
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00406-00091504-00091694 aspect is how do we come up with a lot
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00407-00091695-00091918 of games which are non-violent
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00408-00091919-00092182 which are more skill based and similarly
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00409-00092183-00092431 we also create a ecosystem where we try
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00410-00092432-00092735 to educate uh players and team owners to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00411-00092736-00092887 ensure that there is a right work
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00412-00092888-00093159 balance you know uh approach for example
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00413-00093160-00093406 i went to few boot camps esports boot
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00414-00093407-00093574 camp and interacted with players and
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00415-00093575-00093774 esports uh teams
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00416-00093775-00093967 and they have started developing those
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00417-00093968-00094215 mechanisms within their framework for
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00418-00094216-00094406 example how much amount of time they
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00419-00094407-00094623 could they should spend every day how
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00420-00094624-00094838 much amount of tournaments they should
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00421-00094839-00095071 play every week or every month how much
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00422-00095072-00095255 amount of tournaments a player should
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00423-00095256-00095431 play you know all those things need to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00424-00095432-00095687 be evolved in a due course of time and
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00425-00095688-00095935 ensure that the ecosystem
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00426-00095936-00096167 benefits everybody and does not
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00427-00096168-00096287 create
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00428-00096288-00096567 any negative impact on the society
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00429-00096568-00096782 because as a developer whether you are a
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00430-00096783-00097038 developer or a team owner or a player or
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00431-00097039-00097206 association
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00432-00097207-00097415 we will have to play a very responsible
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00433-00097416-00097511 and
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00434-00097512-00097750 important constructive role in ensuring
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00435-00097751-00097950 that our sector
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00436-00097951-00098231 esports as a sector and as a ecosystem
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00437-00098232-00098350 ensures that
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00438-00098351-00098535 it is benefited to the society and a
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00439-00098536-00099023 country as a whole
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00440-00099024-00099311 thank you uh all the best of about in
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00441-00099312-00099543 your mission to grow this domain it
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00442-00099544-00099743 brings employment
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00443-00099744-00099982 it brings gdp
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00444-00099983-00100279 it is an important uh spot hopefully in
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00445-00100280-00100471 the future who knows it may become an
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00446-00100472-00100799 olympic sport so kudos to you the early
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00447-00100800-00101047 years of any sector are very important
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00448-00101048-00101255 so the right framework by the right
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00449-00101256-00101535 stakeholders is very very important so i
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00450-00101536-00101750 would like to congratulate you and all
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00451-00101751-00101967 your stakeholders and the members of the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00452-00101968-00102223 association on doing that pioneering
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00453-00102224-00102447 work which will lay the foundation
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00454-00102448-00102742 for a very robust and vibrant sector
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00455-00102743-00102982 that takes india to the globe so back to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00456-00102983-00103142 you bhagna for the rest of the
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00457-00103143-00103366 conversation thank you mr danger for
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00458-00103367-00103694 joining us for these hopefully our next
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00459-00103695-00103847 gaming summit we'll be doing this
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00460-00103848-00104142 face-to-face physically in a
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00461-00104143-00104318 conference
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00462-00104319-00104527 location and we look forward to engaging
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00463-00104528-00104702 with you again thank you for your time
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00464-00104703-00104871 thank you for your input thank you for
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00465-00104872-00105110 the role you're playing back to you
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00466-00105111-00105295 thank you thank you dr bhatra for taking
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00467-00105296-00105423 the initiative and giving this
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00468-00105424-00105647 opportunity to interact it's as you
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00469-00105648-00105854 rightly said this is a
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00470-00105855-00106143 innovation rights sector so we all will
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00471-00106144-00106302 probably put our mind together and
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00472-00106303-00106543 ensure that it's largely benefited to
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00473-00106544-00106807 the entire society and nation as a whole
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00474-00106808-00107023 and every straight ruler plays its own
+hhhr8IRWjaA-00475-00107024-00107367 role part thank you so much
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00000-00000054-00000360 little green men russian zeleny asa
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00001-00000361-00000669 Levitsky romanized zeljana chelovek ski
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00002-00000670-00000953 Ukranian Zeleny khaliv it ski romanized
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00003-00000954-00001235 zeleny cholo vici refers to mask
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00004-00001236-00001551 soldiers in unmarked green army uniforms
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00005-00001552-00001779 and carrying modern Russian military
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00006-00001780-00001992 weapons and equipment that appeared
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00007-00001993-00002400 during the Ukrainian crisis of 2014 the
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00008-00002401-00002595 term was first used during the
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00009-00002596-00002829 annexation of Crimea by the Russian
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00010-00002830-00003081 Federation when those soldiers occupied
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00011-00003082-00003294 and blockaded the Simferopol
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00012-00003295-00003534 International Airport most military
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00013-00003535-00003792 bases in Crimea and the Parliament in
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00014-00003793-00004011 Simferopol they were also known as
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00015-00004011-00004101 polite people
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00016-00004102-00004374 Russian bezler velouté romanized veche
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00017-00004375-00004602 levy Ludi as they were perceived to have
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00018-00004603-00004833 behaved peacefully with little practical
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00019-00004834-00005070 interference with the daily activities
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00020-00005071-00005688 of the residents
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00021-00005689-00006374 topic weapons and equipment analysis
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00022-00006375-00006713 in March 2014 the Finnish magazine
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00023-00006714-00006986 suomen so Tila's soldier of Finland
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00024-00006987-00007234 published an analysis of the weapons and
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00025-00007236-00007544 equipment seen on photos of little green
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00026-00007545-00007702 men
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00027-00007703-00007948 the article points to a number of
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00028-00007948-00008179 weapons and pieces of equipment that it
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00029-00008180-00008449 asserts are issued only to armed forces
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00030-00008450-00008815 in the Russian Federation new EMR
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00031-00008816-00009267 camouflage combat uniforms new sixish
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00032-00009268-00009928 112 r6 shish 117 tactical vest new 6 b2
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00033-00009929-00010591 7 6b 7 1m composite helmet new 7.62
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00034-00010592-00011146 millimeters pkp machineguns 6 b2 6
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00035-00011147-00011428 composite helmets used only by airborne
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00036-00011429-00011827 troops of the russian federation sixish
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00037-00011828-00012166 92 to 5 tactical vest used only by
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00038-00012167-00012355 airborne troops of the russian
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00039-00012356-00012498 federation
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00040-00012499-00012852 Gorka 3 combat uniform used only by
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00041-00012853-00013099 russian special forces and mountain
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00042-00013100-00013612 troops SMERSH a.k vog tactical vest used
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00043-00013613-00013869 only by russian special forces the
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00044-00013870-00014091 article goes on to conclude that with a
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00045-00014093-00014377 very high probability these troops are
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00046-00014378-00014674 the 45th guards separate reconnaissance
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00047-00014675-00015091 regiment of the VDV based in kubinka
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00048-00015091-00015415 moscow other media has published a photo
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00049-00015416-00015661 of an unmarked russian soldier armed
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00050-00015662-00015949 with a VSS vintorez taken as proof of
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00051-00015950-00016702 deployment of Russian Special Forces
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00052-00016703-00017345 Topic official Russian reaction
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00053-00017346-00017585 initially President of Russia Vladimir
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00054-00017586-00017886 Putin stated that the men in green were
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00055-00017887-00018126 not part of Russian armed forces but
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00056-00018127-00018357 groups of local militia who had seized
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00057-00018358-00018587 their weapons from the Ukrainian army
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00058-00018588-00018999 the SACU are of NATO allied command
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00059-00019000-00019245 operations general Philip Breedlove said
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00060-00019246-00019599 that these green men were in fact
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00061-00019600-00019890 Russian troops in March 2014
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00062-00019891-00020106 Putin continued to maintain that there
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00063-00020107-00020358 was no pre-planned intervention but that
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00064-00020359-00020613 the heavily armed tightly coordinated
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00065-00020614-00020949 groups who took over Crimea's airports
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00066-00020950-00021195 and ports at the start of the incursion
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00067-00021196-00021413 they were merely spontaneous
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00068-00021414-00021639 self-defense groups who may have
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00069-00021640-00021903 acquired their Russian looking uniforms
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00070-00021904-00022337 from local military shops voyant org
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00071-00022338-00022602 according to the Ukrainian gun owners
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00072-00022603-00022896 association ukrainian law does not allow
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00073-00022897-00023082 the selling or carrying of firearms
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00074-00023083-00023385 other than for hunting on the 17th of
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00075-00023386-00023619 April President Putin admitted for the
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00076-00023620-00023889 first time publicly that Russian special
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00077-00023890-00024111 forces were involved in the events of
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00078-00024112-00024318 Crimea for the purposes of protecting
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00079-00024319-00024621 local people and creating conditions for
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00080-00024622-00024918 a referendum later he admitted that
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00081-00024919-00025128 Russian armed forces had blocked
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00082-00025129-00025428 Ukrainian armed forces in Crimea during
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00083-00025429-00025656 the events in answer to the question of
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00084-00025657-00025872 the presence of Russian troops in Crimea
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00085-00025873-00026136 Russian Minister of Defense Sergei
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00086-00026137-00026406 shoigu said regarding the statements
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00087-00026407-00026682 about use of Russian special forces in
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00088-00026683-00026990 Ukrainian events I can only say one
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00089-00026991-00027245 thing it's hard to search for a black
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00090-00027247-00027539 cat in a dark room especially if it's
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00091-00027541-00027723 not there
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00092-00027724-00027948 and added cryptically that searching for
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00093-00027949-00028321 the cat would be stupid if the cat us
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00094-00028322-00028707 intelligent brave and polite in April
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00095-00028708-00028824 2015
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00096-00028825-00029090 retired russian admiral igor Cassation
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00097-00029091-00029301 of igor Cassation off said that the
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00098-00029302-00029655 little green men were members of Russian
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00099-00029656-00029979 Spetsnaz Special Forces units according
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00100-00029980-00030204 to his information Russian troop
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00101-00030205-00030458 deployment in Crimea included six
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00102-00030459-00030699 helicopter landings and three landings
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00103-00030700-00031549 of ilyushin il-76 with 500 people
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00104-00031550-00032190 topic reappearance in Donbass
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00105-00032191-00032445 during the war in Donbass a Reuters
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00106-00032446-00032692 correspondent reported from a settlement
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00107-00032693-00033051 of koloski in donetsk oblast on the 26th
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00108-00033052-00033351 of august 2014 that dozens of heavily
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00109-00033352-00033610 armed strangers with Russian accents had
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00110-00033611-00033817 appeared on the weekend and set up a
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00111-00033818-00034065 roadblock about ten kilometers from the
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00112-00034066-00034345 Russian border the men had white
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00113-00034346-00034648 armbands the same identifying mark that
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00114-00034649-00034896 was worn by ten men captured a few
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00115-00034897-00035170 kilometres miles away by Ukrainian
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00116-00035171-00035433 forces and who in a video released on
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00117-00035434-00035811 Tuesday the 26th of August 2014 said
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00118-00035812-00036136 they were Russian paratroopers a report
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00119-00036137-00036399 by the BBC referred to the unmarked
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00120-00036400-00036690 Russian forces in the Donbass as a ghost
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00121-00036691-00037132 army on the 13th of January 2015 the
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00122-00037133-00037392 Ukrainian news outlet censored dotnet
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00123-00037393-00037620 reported Russian special forces in
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00124-00037621-00037845 Luhansk along with footage of eight
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00125-00037846-00038145 unmarked soldiers in green army uniforms
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00126-00038146-00038343 patrolling a street there with several
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00127-00038344-00038589 of them carrying Anna's Val a weapon
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00128-00038590-00038842 exclusive to the Russian Armed Forces on
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00129-00038843-00039105 the 17th of December 2015
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00130-00039106-00039385 Russian President Putin confirmed albeit
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00131-00039386-00039598 elliptically the presence of Russian
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00132-00039599-00039843 people in Ukraine who were engaged in
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00133-00039844-00040095 certain tasks including in the military
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00134-00040096-00040324 sphere and added that this did not mean
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00135-00040325-00040555 the presence of the regular Russian army
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00136-00040556-00040770 though other military forces like
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00137-00040771-00041074 Marines were not ruled out in Ukraine by
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00138-00041075-00041242 end of 2017
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00139-00041243-00041532 OSCE Observatory mission accounted for
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00140-00041533-00041862 around 30,000 military-style personnel
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00141-00041863-00042126 crossing from Russia to Donbass just at
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00142-00042127-00042330 two border checkpoints it was allowed to
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00143-00042331-00042922 monitor
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00144-00042923-00043476 topic see also
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00145-00043477-00043714 European center of excellence for
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00146-00043715-00044215 countering hybrid threats Muskoka
+hhvl1Yg-e_8-00147-00044216-00044615 NKVD special groups
+hj58gbQQZx0-00000-00000006-00000257 hello guys again I'm Sako in today's
+hj58gbQQZx0-00001-00000258-00000484 video talk about latest Futures and
+hj58gbQQZx0-00002-00000486-00000713 compare between Android 13 and harmony
+hj58gbQQZx0-00003-00000714-00000971 os3 let's take a look and you decide
+hj58gbQQZx0-00004-00000972-00001193 which one have more futures
+hj58gbQQZx0-00005-00001194-00001487 Huawei Harmony os3 is loaded with lots
+hj58gbQQZx0-00006-00001488-00001757 of features and Android 13 is also in
+hj58gbQQZx0-00007-00001757-00001973 line with the latest of
+hj58gbQQZx0-00008-00001973-00002129 pharynx
+hj58gbQQZx0-00009-00002130-00002351 these two prime software are designed
+hj58gbQQZx0-00010-00002352-00002579 for a better user experience and rolling
+hj58gbQQZx0-00011-00002580-00002831 out for various smartphones
+hj58gbQQZx0-00012-00002832-00003179 both Harmony os3 and Android 13 software
+hj58gbQQZx0-00013-00003180-00003413 have their own set of weapons
+hj58gbQQZx0-00014-00003414-00003622 and in this article
+hj58gbQQZx0-00015-00003623-00003797 we'll compare some of the newest
+hj58gbQQZx0-00016-00003797-00003988 features of these two mobile operating
+hj58gbQQZx0-00017-00003989-00004186 systems
+hj58gbQQZx0-00018-00004187-00004619 note the Android 13 is a stop version
+hj58gbQQZx0-00019-00004620-00004931 home screen and layout Harmony os3
+hj58gbQQZx0-00020-00004932-00005147 brings a new auto layout feature that
+hj58gbQQZx0-00021-00005148-00005320 allows you to restructure the home
+hj58gbQQZx0-00022-00005321-00005495 screen content based on the original
+hj58gbQQZx0-00023-00005496-00005663 layout
+hj58gbQQZx0-00024-00005664-00005891 or you can sort by color or just by
+hj58gbQQZx0-00025-00005892-00006022 category
+hj58gbQQZx0-00026-00006023-00006329 however Android 13 has no feature to
+hj58gbQQZx0-00027-00006330-00006539 manage the screen layout
+hj58gbQQZx0-00028-00006540-00006839 this is quite disappointing
+hj58gbQQZx0-00029-00006840-00007109 app Snippets one of the most Innovative
+hj58gbQQZx0-00030-00007109-00007331 features of Harmony os3 is its app
+hj58gbQQZx0-00031-00007331-00007469 snippet
+hj58gbQQZx0-00032-00007470-00007660 the feature allows you to open key
+hj58gbQQZx0-00033-00007661-00007817 features of an application without
+hj58gbQQZx0-00034-00007818-00008033 opening the app first
+hj58gbQQZx0-00035-00008034-00008321 once again Android 13 don't give such
+hj58gbQQZx0-00036-00008322-00008573 access to the feature
+hj58gbQQZx0-00037-00008574-00008878 large folders Huawei introduced large
+hj58gbQQZx0-00038-00008879-00009191 folders with Harmony os2 and Harmony os3
+hj58gbQQZx0-00039-00009192-00009473 gets you a new range of layouts
+hj58gbQQZx0-00040-00009474-00009737 large folders is a real Innovation and
+hj58gbQQZx0-00041-00009738-00009953 several Chinese phone makers have copied
+hj58gbQQZx0-00042-00009954-00010163 this feature from Huawei
+hj58gbQQZx0-00043-00010164-00010463 however stock Android 13 lacks it but
+hj58gbQQZx0-00044-00010464-00010631 the software does follow the traditional
+hj58gbQQZx0-00045-00010632-00010883 app folder instead
+hj58gbQQZx0-00046-00010884-00011231 service widgets stacked grouped service
+hj58gbQQZx0-00047-00011232-00011471 widgets enable you to preview app info
+hj58gbQQZx0-00048-00011472-00011692 and access app features
+hj58gbQQZx0-00049-00011693-00011969 however Harmony os3 gets you additional
+hj58gbQQZx0-00050-00011970-00012263 gifts such as group and stack widgets
+hj58gbQQZx0-00051-00012264-00012538 Android 13 also lets you add app and
+hj58gbQQZx0-00052-00012539-00012731 service widgets but it doesn't offer you
+hj58gbQQZx0-00053-00012732-00012922 the same level of compatibility as
+hj58gbQQZx0-00054-00012923-00013115 Harmony os3
+hj58gbQQZx0-00055-00013116-00013277 however
+hj58gbQQZx0-00056-00013278-00013511 you can resize the widget similar to
+hj58gbQQZx0-00057-00013512-00013697 large folders by stretching anchors
+hj58gbQQZx0-00058-00013697-00013949 which looks pretty neat
+hj58gbQQZx0-00059-00013950-00014243 control panel and quick settings Harmony
+hj58gbQQZx0-00060-00014244-00014483 os3 has one of the best quick settings
+hj58gbQQZx0-00061-00014484-00014705 on all smartphones
+hj58gbQQZx0-00062-00014706-00014951 this has various services such as audio
+hj58gbQQZx0-00063-00014952-00015353 control panel shortcuts super device
+hj58gbQQZx0-00064-00015354-00015611 smart scenario manager and smart device
+hj58gbQQZx0-00065-00015612-00015761 control
+hj58gbQQZx0-00066-00015762-00016043 with Harmony os2 Huawei introduced a
+hj58gbQQZx0-00067-00016044-00016258 separate space for notifications but the
+hj58gbQQZx0-00068-00016259-00016457 company improved the control panel and
+hj58gbQQZx0-00069-00016458-00016655 notification center with this upgrade
+hj58gbQQZx0-00070-00016656-00016955 similar to Android 12 stock Android 13
+hj58gbQQZx0-00071-00016956-00017267 follows the tile-powered quick settings
+hj58gbQQZx0-00072-00017268-00017530 these are pretty big tiles easy to tap
+hj58gbQQZx0-00073-00017531-00017765 with a brightness controller edit button
+hj58gbQQZx0-00074-00017766-00018035 and shortcut for the settings menu
+hj58gbQQZx0-00075-00018036-00018263 however I recognize that the virtual
+hj58gbQQZx0-00076-00018264-00018479 power button on Android devices is
+hj58gbQQZx0-00077-00018480-00018743 missing on Harmony OS
+hj58gbQQZx0-00078-00018744-00018886 settings
+hj58gbQQZx0-00079-00018887-00019139 Harmony os3 has a colorful combination
+hj58gbQQZx0-00080-00019140-00019343 of icons and text and the background
+hj58gbQQZx0-00081-00019344-00019679 card container enhances the overall View
+hj58gbQQZx0-00082-00019680-00019972 on the other hand Android 13 has its own
+hj58gbQQZx0-00083-00019973-00020219 specialty provided by material U and it
+hj58gbQQZx0-00084-00020220-00020386 makes the entire user interface
+hj58gbQQZx0-00085-00020387-00020585 interesting
+hj58gbQQZx0-00086-00020586-00020891 security and privacy these are two
+hj58gbQQZx0-00087-00020892-00021089 enhanced functionalities on both of
+hj58gbQQZx0-00088-00021090-00021305 these operating systems
+hj58gbQQZx0-00089-00021306-00021641 Harmony os3 and Android 13 offer privacy
+hj58gbQQZx0-00090-00021642-00021893 and security Center features
+hj58gbQQZx0-00091-00021894-00022085 these allow you to recheck the security
+hj58gbQQZx0-00092-00022086-00022450 measures and app permissions anytime
+hj58gbQQZx0-00093-00022451-00022672 so there we have it
+hj58gbQQZx0-00094-00022673-00022967 our brief comparison of Android 13 and
+hj58gbQQZx0-00095-00022968-00023171 harmony os3
+hj58gbQQZx0-00096-00023172-00023386 that's all for now for more update like
+hj58gbQQZx0-00097-00023387-00023844 And subscribe to our Channel peace
+hlesz3fCbs8-00000-00012496-00013894 foreign
+hlesz3fCbs8-00001-00013895-00015550 um
+hlesz3fCbs8-00003-00023792-00025071 foreign
+hlesz3fCbs8-00011-00075463-00078231 foreign
+hlesz3fCbs8-00013-00081256-00082431 foreign
+hlesz3fCbs8-00014-00082432-00084999 um
+hlesz3fCbs8-00017-00096624-00098126 foreign
+hlesz3fCbs8-00019-00109224-00111647 material technically
+hlesz3fCbs8-00023-00139840-00140831 foreign
+hlesz3fCbs8-00026-00151927-00152227 is
+i2xc53cqf6u-00000-00000056-00000403 codepage 904 is encoded for use as the
+i2xc53cqf6u-00001-00000404-00000572 single byte component of certain
+i2xc53cqf6u-00002-00000573-00000734 traditional Chinese character encodings
+i2xc53cqf6u-00003-00000735-00001102 it is used in Taiwan when combined with
+i2xc53cqf6u-00004-00001103-00001441 the double byte code page 927 it forms
+i2xc53cqf6u-00005-00001442-00002118 the two code sets of code page 938
+i2xc53cqf6u-00006-00002119-00002642 topic code page layout
+i2xc53cqf6u-00007-00002643-00002922 letter number punctuation symbol other
+i2xc53cqf6u-00008-00002923-00003285 undefined
+i2xc53cqf6u-00009-00003286-00003650 topic references
+i2xc53cqf6u-00010-00003651-00003810 you
+i2xc53cqf6u-00011-00003811-00004017 you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00000-00000008-00000214 if you run a dog training or dog walking
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00001-00000215-00000383 business then this episode of fix your
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00002-00000384-00000534 business is definitely going to be
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00003-00000535-00000695 for you we'll be talking about how to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00004-00000696-00000902 potentially double your turnover in your
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00005-00000903-00000983 business
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00006-00000984-00001491 uh within a shorter space of time as
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00007-00001492-00001839 possible
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00008-00001839-00002102 so on uh fix your business today i've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00009-00002103-00002159 got
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00010-00002160-00002342 um rachel cathorne and i had to be
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00011-00002343-00002487 careful because i did get pronounced the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00012-00002488-00002607 name wrong earlier on
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00013-00002608-00002879 so i'll remember that so rachel runs a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00014-00002880-00003007 successful dog walking and training
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00015-00003008-00003158 business that's just over one years old
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00016-00003159-00003327 so welcome to the show rachel
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00017-00003328-00003567 thank you excellent so we're going to be
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00018-00003568-00003679 digging into your
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00019-00003679-00003847 into your business obviously and giving
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00020-00003847-00004022 you a bit of advice about kind of how
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00021-00004023-00004095 you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00022-00004096-00004383 uh productize dog walking and dog
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00023-00004384-00004463 training
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00024-00004464-00004654 package it up and hopefully sell it for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00025-00004655-00004783 more than what you're currently selling
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00026-00004784-00004838 it at
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00027-00004839-00005038 and i've already talked off off air
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00028-00005039-00005199 about some of kind of the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00029-00005200-00005415 the um stories and beliefs and patterns
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00030-00005416-00005599 that you're already starting to kind of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00031-00005600-00005799 uh using that are stopping you from
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00032-00005800-00005927 growing your business so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00033-00005928-00006159 but for the um the benefit of the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00034-00006160-00006318 viewers why don't you just give us a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00035-00006319-00006454 quick sort of potted history about how
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00036-00006455-00006591 you came setting up the business in the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00037-00006592-00006710 first place
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00038-00006711-00006927 so i always volunteered as a dog trainer
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00039-00006928-00007110 um and it got to stage
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00040-00007111-00007310 the normal you hate your job you think
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00041-00007311-00007534 no i want to change my career so yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00042-00007536-00007703 last year i decided to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00043-00007704-00007927 start up my own business um rachel's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00044-00007928-00008095 rambles i already had lots of people
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00045-00008095-00008287 coming to me asking for dog help
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00046-00008288-00008535 and i just did it on like for free for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00047-00008536-00008623 friends
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00048-00008624-00008895 um yeah and so far so good it's been
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00049-00008896-00009127 successful i've had clients from day one
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00050-00009128-00009471 lots of recommendations um in touch with
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00051-00009472-00009678 other dog walkers in the area and dog
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00052-00009679-00009774 trainers
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00053-00009775-00009991 but now i feel i've just got to the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00054-00009992-00010087 point where it's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00055-00010088-00010271 i have the same income every month and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00056-00010272-00010438 it's great it's fine because i never
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00057-00010439-00010655 thought i'd be at this point anyway
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00058-00010656-00010927 um but you know you want to earn more
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00059-00010928-00011055 you want to grow your business and i
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00060-00011056-00011231 want to grow it in a way that i'm not
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00061-00011232-00011455 exhausted myself i'm doing it the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00062-00011456-00011574 smarter way
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00063-00011575-00011823 that's it so we had kind of a brief sort
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00064-00011824-00011942 of discussion about
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00065-00011943-00012127 um what your capacity was at currently
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00066-00012128-00012278 because kind of so one of the first
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00067-00012279-00012414 questions i asked you was
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00068-00012415-00012646 um you know do you have capacity to take
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00069-00012647-00012774 on more clients at the moment and your
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00070-00012775-00012894 answer was
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00071-00012895-00013199 yes and then we talked about okay so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00072-00013200-00013351 what does your average day look like you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00073-00013352-00013383 know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00074-00013384-00013566 how much time would you say you've got
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00075-00013568-00013791 spare and the answer for that was
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00076-00013791-00014086 not at all not at all this is obviously
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00077-00014087-00014247 quite a common um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00078-00014247-00014543 sort of dilemma or quandary which a lot
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00079-00014544-00014566 of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00080-00014568-00014711 um and especially in sort of the dog
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00081-00014712-00014886 walking dog training industries is that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00082-00014887-00014966 we're
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00083-00014968-00015199 we we kind of um fall ourselves into
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00084-00015200-00015311 thinking that the only way to grow our
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00085-00015312-00015463 business is to get more clients but then
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00086-00015463-00015583 actually when we look at it we don't
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00087-00015584-00015711 have the time
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00088-00015712-00016038 to service more clients um so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00089-00016040-00016230 for you at the moment it's like you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00090-00016231-00016422 with your your earnings capacity at the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00091-00016423-00016607 moment is kind of capped by your
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00092-00016608-00016807 ability to be able to deliver more
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00093-00016808-00017022 training workshops and things like that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00094-00017023-00017247 yeah um one of the other things so we
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00095-00017248-00017447 were we were running through kind of the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00096-00017448-00017519 pricing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00097-00017520-00017719 of your sort of programs and i'm just
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00098-00017720-00017879 going to jump onto a screen share
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00099-00017880-00018119 um momentarily because this is quite
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00100-00018120-00018286 important i feel
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00101-00018287-00018479 so these are my notes so hopefully
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00102-00018480-00018622 hopefully you can read them hopefully
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00103-00018623-00018758 the viewers will be able to sort of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00104-00018759-00018927 translate them as well so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00105-00018928-00019103 um a couple of things that she mentioned
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00106-00019104-00019214 at the start were about sort of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00107-00019215-00019335 marketing can we get more clients we've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00108-00019336-00019447 kind of just spoken about that very
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00109-00019448-00019527 briefly but
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00110-00019528-00019735 you know um how do i say no to people as
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00111-00019736-00019871 well it sounds like you're taking on
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00112-00019872-00019999 work for the sake of taking on work
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00113-00020000-00020191 because this is driver to get more money
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00114-00020192-00020327 but then we were looking at the pricing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00115-00020328-00020503 which you're currently charging so you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00116-00020504-00020678 charge 10 pounds for group walk and then
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00117-00020679-00020943 eight pounds for a 30 minute solo walk
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00118-00020944-00021127 and then you have a group group classes
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00119-00021128-00021255 and group training we're running at the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00120-00021256-00021327 moment which is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00121-00021328-00021622 80 pounds for six sessions or six weeks
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00122-00021623-00021678 um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00123-00021679-00021935 and then your one to one is 25 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00124-00021936-00021983 for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00125-00021984-00022294 a half hour 45 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00126-00022295-00022567 um for a full hour and obviously one of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00127-00022568-00022671 the things that you're doing at the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00128-00022672-00022767 moment is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00129-00022768-00023175 you're selling your consultations
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00130-00023176-00023550 at your hourly rate yes which
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00131-00023551-00023694 just just walk us through what's the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00132-00023695-00023847 process around kind of putting together
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00133-00023848-00024071 a consultation with a client
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00134-00024072-00024350 um so the person who contacted me is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00135-00024351-00024511 usually through social media to be fair
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00136-00024512-00024663 that's quite a lot where i get a lot of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00137-00024664-00024814 my business from
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00138-00024815-00025239 and and i book in a discovery course so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00139-00025240-00025335 we can
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00140-00025336-00025519 talk to them and discuss their training
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00141-00025520-00025655 needs like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00142-00025656-00025814 um what is it is it something they
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00143-00025816-00025974 exactly want to pinpoint or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00144-00025975-00026231 or a behavior they're struggling with um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00145-00026232-00026431 and then from there we book in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00146-00026432-00026727 a one-to-one session they get some
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00147-00026727-00026927 feedback notes and things like that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00148-00026927-00027135 and then i say to them whether they need
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00149-00027136-00027318 this is a bit more of a serious problem
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00150-00027319-00027383 than just
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00151-00027383-00027543 one hour you know you might need some
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00152-00027544-00027751 more support and that's when we
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00153-00027752-00027911 potentially look into more
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00154-00027912-00028239 training sessions um but to be honest me
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00155-00028239-00028399 as a like a business owner if you like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00156-00028400-00028614 that is where i get stuck and i struggle
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00157-00028616-00028790 to sell myself and go
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00158-00028791-00029102 oh well you need to book you know six
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00159-00029104-00029223 sessions because i'm always like oh my
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00160-00029224-00029343 god they're gonna
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00161-00029344-00029535 buy six sessions like they're just gonna
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00162-00029536-00029702 want two and they're not gonna want six
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00163-00029704-00029862 off me and then i've just got six weeks
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00164-00029863-00030039 and like what the hell do i you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00165-00030039-00030246 yeah so that's what goes through my mind
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00166-00030247-00030358 a bit
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00167-00030360-00030527 so so let's try and break it down a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00168-00030527-00030711 little bit so we'll we'll deal with the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00169-00030712-00030846 consultation side of it first and then
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00170-00030847-00031014 we'll look at how you go about selling a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00171-00031016-00031255 follow-up package afterwards so the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00172-00031256-00031407 initial consultation so it sounds like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00173-00031408-00031567 it's it's not just one hour of your time
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00174-00031568-00031687 it's like you've got to show up
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00175-00031688-00031870 like drive there you've got to deliver
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00176-00031872-00032007 the consultation you've got some notes
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00177-00032008-00032135 to write up afterwards obviously drive
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00178-00032136-00032223 home as well
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00179-00032224-00032351 potentially there might be a follow-up
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00180-00032352-00032535 call where then you might sell them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00181-00032536-00032631 something else they've already had a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00182-00032632-00032862 15-minute call to start off with
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00183-00032863-00033031 you start that sounds like several hours
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00184-00033032-00033199 work so actually your hourly rate's more
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00185-00033200-00033246 like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00186-00033247-00033471 sort of it's not 45 pounds for an hour
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00187-00033472-00033655 it's 10 pounds now or something like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00188-00033656-00033727 that or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00189-00033728-00033990 you know best case 15 pounds an hour
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00190-00033991-00034031 yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00191-00034032-00034279 and what you might find is then also by
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00192-00034280-00034446 the time you start to factor in things
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00193-00034447-00034495 like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00194-00034496-00034711 well travel generally but also doing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00195-00034712-00034879 marketing and sales and all of the other
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00196-00034880-00035062 bits of business you're bookkeeping and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00197-00035063-00035311 etc cetera like actually if you worked
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00198-00035312-00035462 out what your hourly rate is you'd
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00199-00035463-00035583 probably be like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00200-00035584-00035790 it's like six pounds or something yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00201-00035791-00035918 go and earn more money working in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00202-00035919-00035999 waitrose
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00203-00036000-00036190 um yeah and it'd be a bit disappointing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00204-00036191-00036327 so we've got to start to create a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00205-00036328-00036462 business model that is going to work
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00206-00036463-00036687 better for your business okay
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00207-00036688-00037015 so your target monthly turnover was
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00208-00037016-00037383 um 2k yep right so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00209-00037384-00037623 go back to my screen share so we start
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00210-00037624-00037815 we always start off with our our goal in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00211-00037816-00037999 mind and then we work backwards from
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00212-00038000-00038239 that okay so because otherwise what
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00213-00038240-00038423 happens is or this is what most business
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00214-00038424-00038567 owners do they go
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00215-00038568-00038718 about their sort of daily life with
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00216-00038719-00038887 their business doing all of these random
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00217-00038888-00039007 sort of tasks
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00218-00039008-00039311 with no real sense of direction and you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00219-00039312-00039471 know um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00220-00039472-00039639 it ends up just being like you'll just
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00221-00039640-00039783 be jumping around like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00222-00039784-00039911 you know going from one thing to the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00223-00039912-00040111 next no real sense of direction get to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00224-00040112-00040215 the end of the day and think i've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00225-00040216-00040399 collected some money that's okay that'll
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00226-00040400-00040462 do
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00227-00040463-00040687 there's no real like id you haven't kind
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00228-00040688-00040799 of got a concrete
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00229-00040800-00040990 like purpose when you wake up in the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00230-00040991-00041151 morning basically
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00231-00041152-00041302 um and this is it's perfectly normal
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00232-00041303-00041535 this is what a lot of business owners do
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00233-00041536-00041767 the one mistake which they do make at
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00234-00041768-00041871 this point is they
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00235-00041872-00042046 don't look at these tasks each month and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00236-00042047-00042262 go actually was it worthwhile doing that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00237-00042263-00042351 task
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00238-00042352-00042543 if it wasn't then i shouldn't i
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00239-00042544-00042671 shouldn't have done it and i certainly
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00240-00042672-00042879 shouldn't do it moving forward
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00241-00042880-00043135 and so what you start to see is then
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00242-00043136-00043255 you've got these
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00243-00043256-00043567 tasks which then are more specific and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00244-00043568-00043718 are going to push you towards your goal
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00245-00043719-00043830 quicker
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00246-00043831-00044039 because you're doing fewer things so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00247-00044040-00044183 it's like you know if you put 12 and a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00248-00044184-00044279 half percent
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00249-00044280-00044558 of your energy into eight things are any
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00250-00044559-00044702 of those eight things going to work out
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00251-00044703-00044855 probably not because you're only putting
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00252-00044856-00045007 a fraction of the energy in so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00253-00045008-00045158 the more energy we can give specific
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00254-00045159-00045318 tasks the better
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00255-00045319-00045607 so what we want to do though is we want
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00256-00045608-00045646 to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00257-00045647-00045918 have in mind your goal which is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00258-00045919-00045999 initially 2
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00259-00046000-00046167 000 pounds a month and it could
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00260-00046168-00046423 potentially be 5k a month or even 10k a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00261-00046424-00046590 month potentially longer term
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00262-00046591-00046799 but let's hit 2k first and then we can
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00263-00046800-00047062 start to kind of grow it from there
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00264-00047063-00047311 so at the moment with that you know if
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00265-00047312-00047471 you're earning like 10 pound an hour
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00266-00047472-00047583 well there's only 200
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00267-00047584-00047830 hours a month generally when you can
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00268-00047831-00047974 work if you work on the basis of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00269-00047975-00048135 nine to five monday to friday it's like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00270-00048136-00048367 200 hours so you already kind of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00271-00048368-00048518 even if you were like full capacity
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00272-00048519-00048702 earning that money every single
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00273-00048703-00048943 hour that you're at work we've always
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00274-00048944-00049079 already established you're not so we've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00275-00049080-00049223 got to design a business that is going
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00276-00049224-00049302 to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00277-00049303-00049462 sort of start to get you there a little
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00278-00049463-00049639 bit quicker so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00279-00049640-00049983 um essentially business kind of works in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00280-00049984-00050183 a number of different ways so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00281-00050184-00050390 down at the bottom here you'll have like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00282-00050391-00050574 there'll be so somebody messages you on
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00283-00050575-00050686 facebook and says
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00284-00050687-00050879 hey i've seen your page i see you do dog
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00285-00050880-00051007 walking or maybe they've been referred
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00286-00051008-00051079 to you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00287-00051080-00051246 can you help us out you know fido's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00288-00051247-00051382 playing up or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00289-00051383-00051519 you know we can't we we've got to go
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00290-00051520-00051726 back to work if i don't need to walk
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00291-00051727-00051942 so then you'll reply to it and quite
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00292-00051944-00052054 often people will give
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00293-00052055-00052311 give them the price at this point
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00294-00052312-00052487 without any education
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00295-00052488-00052599 and then you'll never hear from them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00296-00052600-00052799 again okay so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00297-00052800-00053063 do you do that i try not to because
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00298-00053064-00053175 honestly
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00299-00053176-00053407 from what you have said before a few
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00300-00053408-00053550 videos that i've watched
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00301-00053551-00053735 i give them a bit of an insight as to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00302-00053736-00053879 what my walks are about
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00303-00053879-00054135 um or what my training is about and my
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00304-00054136-00054223 methods
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00305-00054224-00054479 and stuff like that and then see if they
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00306-00054479-00054638 respond and then when they do
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00307-00054639-00054799 they i kind of ignore the question if
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00308-00054800-00054966 they go and how much is it i go more
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00309-00054967-00055038 into
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00310-00055039-00055326 this is what i do and then usually i'll
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00311-00055327-00055511 buy the second message i've told them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00312-00055512-00055703 great yeah well just still shouldn't
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00313-00055704-00055863 give them the price on there because
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00314-00055864-00056063 one of the things which you have got and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00315-00056064-00056166 i can't remember what you've called it
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00316-00056167-00056207 but
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00317-00056208-00056382 you've got that initial sort of call
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00318-00056383-00056615 15-minute call consultation call yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00319-00056616-00057047 so you've got the 15-minute consult call
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00320-00057048-00057199 where you're then going to book them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00321-00057200-00057599 onto a consultation
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00322-00057600-00057750 and eventually what's going to happen is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00323-00057751-00057991 you're going to sell them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00324-00057991-00058326 a package
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00325-00058327-00058566 okay so we've got this now a bit of a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00326-00058567-00058799 customer journey designed for you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00327-00058800-00059063 and if you start giving people the price
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00328-00059064-00059119 you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00329-00059120-00059438 at the wrong step it's gonna it's gonna
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00330-00059439-00059503 break this
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00331-00059504-00059654 and you're not gonna be able to kind of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00332-00059655-00059815 move them up through the scales of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00333-00059816-00059926 initiative
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00334-00059927-00060166 and also like whilst you're selling um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00335-00060167-00060230 you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00336-00060232-00060423 uh so we have the consultation so you're
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00337-00060424-00060615 currently selling it 45 pounds for an
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00338-00060616-00060719 hour
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00339-00060720-00060935 um i've worked with dog trainers dog
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00340-00060936-00061063 behaviorists who are
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00341-00061064-00061254 um selling those initial consultations
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00342-00061255-00061479 so they they have a very specific target
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00343-00061479-00061606 market so they'll be
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00344-00061607-00061806 breed specific so they know the dogs
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00345-00061807-00061942 inside and out and their problems and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00346-00061944-00062103 challenges
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00347-00062104-00062271 and then they've got a very specific
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00348-00062272-00062511 solution you know to that to whatever
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00349-00062512-00062719 problems it is that they're exhibiting
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00350-00062720-00063047 so they'll charge in excess of like 500
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00351-00063048-00063175 i know some dog trainers will be
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00352-00063176-00063350 charging 850 pounds for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00353-00063351-00063519 just a consultation phase of their
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00354-00063520-00063759 process now it's not just an hour time
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00355-00063760-00063982 block that they're selling at 850 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00356-00063983-00064142 they stack a lot of value in there so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00357-00064144-00064335 they'll have maybe several follow-ups
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00358-00064336-00064559 they'll have a bit of remote support
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00359-00064560-00064719 they'll have a much more in-depth
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00360-00064720-00064926 um report which they give to them and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00361-00064927-00065079 various other things like that before
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00362-00065079-00065279 they then move them onto the package
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00363-00065279-00065519 um but it's super specific in terms of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00364-00065520-00065767 market and product which they're selling
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00365-00065768-00066071 so you think about it this way you've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00366-00066072-00066150 got to find
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00367-00066151-00066423 20 clients to sell a consultation to for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00368-00066424-00066599 every one
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00369-00066600-00066950 that they sell their consultation to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00370-00066951-00067111 yeah one of the challenges which you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00371-00067112-00067319 mentioned to me was this about
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00372-00067320-00067631 can i say no to people okay so that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00373-00067632-00067838 person has learned to say no to 19
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00374-00067839-00067975 people
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00375-00067976-00068143 in order to get the one perfect client
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00376-00068144-00068287 who they can help
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00377-00068288-00068399 and all day long they're getting
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00378-00068400-00068599 inquiries you know dash hound owner
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00379-00068600-00068775 or sorry a dash hound specialist he's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00380-00068776-00068926 getting inquiries from
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00381-00068927-00069135 lurchers and labrador dog owners or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00382-00069136-00069343 people who who don't have maybe they've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00383-00069344-00069406 got
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00384-00069407-00069687 um maybe they're a behaviorist you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00385-00069688-00069815 specialist in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00386-00069816-00070047 separation anxiety and so they don't
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00387-00070048-00070223 take on necessarily the the lower sort
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00388-00070224-00070311 of level
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00389-00070312-00070494 stresses and anxieties that that the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00390-00070495-00070638 dogs have they're
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00391-00070639-00070791 super specific in terms of what they're
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00392-00070792-00070959 doing so they can afford to say no to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00393-00070960-00071126 the 19 people who don't fit the market
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00394-00071127-00071238 or product niche
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00395-00071239-00071671 yeah for that one perfect client
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00396-00071672-00071831 what's your what sort of feelings are
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00397-00071832-00071967 coming up when i say to you that you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00398-00071968-00072206 could say no and turn down a client
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00399-00072207-00072575 um my first thing is is probably
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00400-00072576-00072862 finding my niche like you know you said
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00401-00072863-00072926 like there's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00402-00072927-00073191 a lady who does dashes or separation
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00403-00073192-00073335 anxiety and things like that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00404-00073336-00073582 i do find a lot of staffie owners come
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00405-00073583-00073679 to me and lurch
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00406-00073680-00073903 owners because i own one of them myself
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00407-00073904-00074087 i own staff and a lurcher
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00408-00074088-00074471 so um i get a lot of inquiries from them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00409-00074472-00074679 maybe because i can be really relatable
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00410-00074680-00074775 i guess but
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00411-00074776-00075087 yeah i don't suppose i've got a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00412-00075088-00075375 niche once more just i suppose maybe pet
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00413-00075376-00075599 dog training but
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00414-00075600-00075911 um yeah i'm not a specialist in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00415-00075912-00076159 any area if you like i'm just a general
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00416-00076160-00076238 pet dog
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00417-00076239-00076543 owner trainer imagine imagine if
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00418-00076544-00076750 imagine if there's a staffy dog owner
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00419-00076751-00076879 out there and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00420-00076880-00077103 you're putting out content marketing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00421-00077104-00077262 wise all of the time
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00422-00077263-00077519 which is talking about staffies do you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00423-00077520-00077662 think that that content is going to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00424-00077663-00077862 speak to that dog owner
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00425-00077863-00078175 yes yeah most people's concern or fear
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00426-00078176-00078326 is that there's not enough staffy dog
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00427-00078327-00078423 owners out there
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00428-00078424-00078647 to you know to for that to be enough
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00429-00078648-00078879 customer out there in order to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00430-00078880-00079206 you know satisfy their business
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00431-00079207-00079271 basically
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00432-00079272-00079503 so but actually i bet if you look at it
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00433-00079504-00079638 there's probably hundreds or thousands
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00434-00079639-00079806 of staffings you're based down in sort
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00435-00079807-00079911 of essex which is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00436-00079912-00080175 pretty well populated southeastern uk
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00437-00080176-00080215 you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00438-00080216-00080350 i mean there's thousands of people out
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00439-00080351-00080543 there with staffies yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00440-00080544-00080726 yeah i do see a lot on my walks around
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00441-00080727-00080943 the town yeah and not only that but now
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00442-00080944-00081135 you're an expert in staffies there'll be
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00443-00081136-00081223 people up in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00444-00081224-00081406 liverpool who will see your youtube
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00445-00081407-00081591 videos about staffies and go
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00446-00081592-00081759 well we can't travel down c but can we
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00447-00081760-00081911 do a session on zoom or can we just have
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00448-00081912-00082055 a consultation with you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00449-00082056-00082262 and they'll be because you're an expert
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00450-00082263-00082494 you've positioned yourself as an expert
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00451-00082495-00082671 you know now all of a sudden if you're
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00452-00082672-00082943 selling a consultation for 250 quid
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00453-00082944-00083126 because that person's desperate to work
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00454-00083127-00083294 with you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00455-00083295-00083455 you know it's like well that's five
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00456-00083456-00083606 times the value right there
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00457-00083607-00083871 yeah which you know what's the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00458-00083872-00084015 difference say what's changed
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00459-00084016-00084382 not a lot it's just what we call
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00460-00084383-00084638 your ability to articulate your value
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00461-00084639-00084687 yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00462-00084688-00084862 i if if you're there saying i'm an
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00463-00084863-00085094 expert in in staffies
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00464-00085095-00085326 and lurchers and all lurchers but let's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00465-00085327-00085479 just stick with staffies i'm an expert
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00466-00085480-00085567 in staffies
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00467-00085568-00085782 i only work with staffy dogs you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00468-00085783-00085903 you'll get people from all over the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00469-00085904-00086047 world like you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00470-00086048-00086247 my friend who runs the the dashan's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00471-00086248-00086415 training business she's got clients all
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00472-00086416-00086606 over the world
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00473-00086607-00086862 yeah i guess uh it's slightly nervous to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00474-00086863-00087079 say that i'm an expert in the area that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00475-00087080-00087359 could you know if it's self-doubt almost
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00476-00087360-00087662 okay that's interesting but but how many
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00477-00087663-00087791 so how many staffers have you worked
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00478-00087792-00088167 with uh probably about five or six
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00479-00088168-00088406 since starting my business last year so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00480-00088407-00088511 training wise
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00481-00088512-00088638 did you how many of them did you get
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00482-00088639-00088887 good results with uh
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00483-00088888-00089318 all of them so there's your evidence
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00484-00089319-00089638 yeah yeah so fear comes from
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00485-00089639-00089806 this whole thing of things being much
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00486-00089807-00089975 worse than imagination than they are in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00487-00089976-00090071 reality
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00488-00090072-00090479 yeah we will search out like in reality
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00489-00090480-00090631 for things to back up the stories that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00490-00090632-00090815 we tell ourselves so if we start saying
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00491-00090816-00090926 i'm not an expert
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00492-00090927-00091079 we'll go out and look for evidence that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00493-00091080-00091311 backs up with we're not an expert
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00494-00091312-00091503 and you actually have to just stop that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00495-00091504-00091679 like to say actually i'm going to go out
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00496-00091680-00091750 and look for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00497-00091751-00092103 evidence that is the opposite of that so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00498-00092104-00092247 that simple exercise which i did with
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00499-00092248-00092375 you is how many staffers you've worked
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00500-00092376-00092518 with how many of you managed to help all
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00501-00092519-00092647 of them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00502-00092648-00093006 yeah you're an expert in staffies um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00503-00093007-00093182 you know some people could define it by
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00504-00093183-00093359 how many qualifications you've got and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00505-00093360-00093503 all this sort of stuff but ultimately if
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00506-00093504-00093655 you can get the desired result and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00507-00093656-00093735 outcome
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00508-00093736-00093918 which is to stop staffies from being
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00509-00093919-00094174 aggressive towards other dogs
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00510-00094175-00094303 yep that and you can do that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00511-00094304-00094511 consistently that makes you an expert
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00512-00094512-00094879 in my opinion okay so we go out and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00513-00094880-00095023 gather evidence to back up
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00514-00095024-00095159 the message that we're starting to put
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00515-00095160-00095359 out so it's about specificity
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00516-00095360-00095550 but going back to my my little diagram
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00517-00095551-00095806 here so now all of a sudden if you're
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00518-00095807-00096071 you know we'll we'll scratch you doing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00519-00096072-00096199 we're not gonna no longer be
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00520-00096200-00096391 gonna be doing 45 pound an hour
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00521-00096392-00096526 consultations
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00522-00096527-00096823 so you your consultation won't just jump
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00523-00096824-00096974 to 250 quid
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00524-00096975-00097287 right yeah it's a process of testing and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00525-00097288-00097487 validating test and validate
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00526-00097488-00097759 so what i would suggest is your
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00527-00097760-00097935 consultation price needs to go up to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00528-00097936-00098006 well
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00529-00098007-00098406 let's play a game actually so um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00530-00098407-00098623 tell me at what point i'm going to start
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00531-00098624-00098767 increasing the numbers tell me at what
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00532-00098768-00098911 point it starts to get uncomfortable
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00533-00098912-00099023 okay
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00534-00099024-00099447 60 pounds 75 pounds 90 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00535-00099448-00099743 120 pounds probably there but okay so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00536-00099744-00099879 that's the price you need to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00537-00099880-00100223 go for with your consultations okay
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00538-00100224-00100599 so we'll we're going to scratch that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00539-00100600-00100687 we're going to now sell our
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00540-00100688-00100950 consultations for 120 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00541-00100951-00101143 okay which is nearly three times the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00542-00101144-00101271 price of what you were selling them at
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00543-00101272-00101423 currently
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00544-00101424-00101535 and what's going to happen is i'm going
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00545-00101536-00101791 to challenge you to pitch the next
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00546-00101792-00101967 10 to 20 people who come along who want
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00547-00101968-00102118 to work with you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00548-00102119-00102206 you're going to pitch them a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00549-00102207-00102454 consultation at 120 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00550-00102455-00102782 okay now i can guarantee that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00551-00102783-00102927 your conversion rate will be somewhere
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00552-00102928-00103199 between one and five and one and three
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00553-00103200-00103382 so at the first ten somewhere between
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00554-00103383-00103510 two three or four people
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00555-00103511-00103718 again still going to say yes to this i
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00556-00103719-00103854 can guarantee it
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00557-00103855-00104158 if they don't i'll pay you 250 quid
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00558-00104159-00104406 right i'm that confident but what's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00559-00104407-00104510 going to happen
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00560-00104511-00104919 is the first eight are going to say no
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00561-00104920-00105095 it's going to be the last two annoying
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00562-00105096-00105231 buggers who are going to say
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00563-00105232-00105454 yes okay because clients are like buses
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00564-00105455-00105534 basically
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00565-00105535-00105775 yeah yeah so you've got to go through
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00566-00105776-00105934 that painful process over the next four
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00567-00105935-00106127 to six weeks pitching 10 to 20 people at
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00568-00106128-00106295 your new consultation rate
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00569-00106296-00106558 you'll get more rejection more no's but
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00570-00106559-00106599 we've just
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00571-00106600-00106751 established you can have a third of the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00572-00106752-00106895 clients and still make the same money
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00573-00106896-00106943 from
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00574-00106944-00107310 the consultations okay yes
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00575-00107311-00107510 and at that price let's say for example
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00576-00107511-00107839 if you're doing um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00577-00107840-00108086 i don't know um five consultations a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00578-00108088-00108223 month
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00579-00108224-00108502 okay so we'll take that let's just get
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00580-00108503-00108758 rid of that for a second so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00581-00108759-00109031 we're doing five consultations at 120
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00582-00109032-00109127 pounds a month
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00583-00109128-00109734 uh sorry 120 pounds each
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00584-00109735-00110183 so per month i can't right now
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00585-00110183-00110543 but it all goes horribly wrong
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00586-00110544-00110807 there we go so for each month five
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00587-00110808-00111031 consultations 120 pounds so that equals
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00588-00111032-00111278 600 pounds a month worth of revenue just
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00589-00111279-00111423 from consultations
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00590-00111424-00111623 now already so that's five hours of your
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00591-00111624-00111823 time plus all the meandering travel and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00592-00111824-00111951 writing reports and things like that but
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00593-00111952-00112151 you're getting paid a bit more for it
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00594-00112152-00112383 but that's half your revenue that you're
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00595-00112383-00112534 already making each month just in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00596-00112535-00112686 consultations alone
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00597-00112688-00113063 yeah okay so i would suggest
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00598-00113064-00113215 you could do nothing different but sell
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00599-00113216-00113423 your consultations for 120 quid
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00600-00113424-00113854 and get 2k okay
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00601-00113855-00114175 right how do you feel about that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00602-00114176-00114558 so far uh
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00603-00114559-00114919 i don't know i i'd ah maybe i just don't
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00604-00114920-00114951 see
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00605-00114952-00115431 that many people that need my help or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00606-00115432-00115647 i don't know what patients did you do
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00607-00115648-00115847 say in august
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00608-00115848-00116102 um i did one ongoing client so she
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00609-00116103-00116286 booked six sessions with me
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00610-00116288-00116543 um but that was from a consultation and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00611-00116544-00116678 i probably did
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00612-00116679-00116983 three three other consultations
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00613-00116983-00117166 okay so four consultations then
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00614-00117167-00117310 basically but one was from
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00615-00117311-00117583 an existing client really yeah okay so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00616-00117583-00117710 you're not far off
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00617-00117711-00117943 getting getting five there and again it
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00618-00117944-00118086 might be a matter of i don't want to go
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00619-00118088-00118190 right the way through your sort of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00620-00118191-00118254 marketing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00621-00118255-00118495 funnel necessarily because i it's one of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00622-00118496-00118631 those things i talk about like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00623-00118632-00118975 the um i compare businesses to like a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00624-00118976-00119199 rattly old fiat 500 engine
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00625-00119200-00119502 like at the moment your pricing and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00626-00119503-00119647 pricing and the way you've designed your
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00627-00119648-00119790 products is a bit broken so we've got to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00628-00119791-00119966 fix that first
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00629-00119967-00120175 so that when we then add rocket fuel our
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00630-00120176-00120271 marketing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00631-00120272-00120495 into that that engine now it's finely
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00632-00120496-00120599 tuned it's now rocket
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00633-00120600-00120790 engine your business is just going to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00634-00120791-00120919 explode but we've got to get you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00635-00120920-00121054 confidently selling
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00636-00121055-00121223 your product same product for more
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00637-00121224-00121431 basically first
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00638-00121432-00121671 so but even if we had four clients there
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00639-00121672-00121883 who paid 120 quid for that initial
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00640-00121883-00122086 consultation that would have been
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00641-00122088-00122286 originally been about 180 quids worth
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00642-00122288-00122463 revenue
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00643-00122464-00122702 under my new pricing structure you've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00644-00122703-00122886 got 480 pounds worth of revenue three
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00645-00122888-00122934 times
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00646-00122935-00123183 close to four times the revenue yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00647-00123183-00123286 yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00648-00123288-00123583 so it's you know that that will make a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00649-00123583-00123678 big difference to you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00650-00123679-00123847 you take an extra 400 a month wouldn't
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00651-00123848-00124014 you yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00652-00124015-00124295 i wouldn't turn it down right so the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00653-00124296-00124414 second part of the question you asked
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00654-00124415-00124478 was about
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00655-00124479-00124614 how do i sell it like i'm not very
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00656-00124615-00124799 confident about selling it so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00657-00124800-00125031 talk to me a bit about that that sort of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00658-00125032-00125158 what's going on um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00659-00125159-00125358 i mean i'm quite good at talking to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00660-00125359-00125502 people and things like that people
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00661-00125503-00125558 always say
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00662-00125559-00125743 i'm you know approachable and everything
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00663-00125744-00125958 but it's just
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00664-00125959-00126223 i guess it is the nose like sometimes i
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00665-00126224-00126375 have been turned down because of my
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00666-00126376-00126510 prices and if you're saying they're
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00667-00126511-00126743 already cheap that's kind of what
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00668-00126744-00127023 then goes oh well if i'm already cheap
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00669-00127024-00127223 and people are turning me down
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00670-00127224-00127614 um but yeah it's just to be able to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00671-00127615-00127958 you know confidently say that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00672-00127959-00128214 yeah these my prices this is take it or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00673-00128215-00128278 leave it
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00674-00128279-00128543 kind of thing so you can first little
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00675-00128544-00128671 tip you can do it without even saying
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00676-00128672-00128807 take it or leave it it's just this these
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00677-00128808-00128910 are my prices that's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00678-00128911-00129095 you know yeah good at what i do i'm an
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00679-00129096-00129271 expert if you want to get great results
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00680-00129272-00129454 like you know we work together this is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00681-00129455-00129599 the package i'm recommending for you so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00682-00129600-00129727 you've got to say it with some level of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00683-00129728-00129975 authority
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00684-00129976-00130110 um there was one thing which she said
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00685-00130111-00130278 there which was about um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00686-00130279-00130414 or people are already saying it's too
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00687-00130415-00130639 expensive at the existing price so you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00688-00130640-00130799 know if i put it up or even more people
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00689-00130800-00130878 gonna say
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00690-00130879-00131199 no well um again this is about evidence
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00691-00131200-00131359 like if i were to say to you what
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00692-00131360-00131663 how do you know people are gonna say you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00693-00131664-00131695 know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00694-00131696-00131807 how how do you know people aren't going
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00695-00131808-00131983 to say yes 120 quid you don't know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00696-00131984-00132143 because you haven't pitched it 120
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00697-00132144-00132271 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00698-00132272-00132463 that's why i'm challenging you rather
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00699-00132464-00132599 than what you've done is you've created
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00700-00132600-00132831 a story for yourself
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00701-00132832-00133087 you've gone out to find evidence and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00702-00133088-00133239 that evidence looks like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00703-00133240-00133414 people currently saying no your existing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00704-00133415-00133687 prices yeah you've got no evidence for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00705-00133688-00133927 120 pounds so actually kind of like that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00706-00133928-00134071 that story and that belief you created
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00707-00134072-00134214 yourself isn't true
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00708-00134215-00134439 yeah fair enough if you pitch 20 people
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00709-00134440-00134671 at 120 quid and they all say no
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00710-00134672-00134823 i'd i'd eat my words and i'd give you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00711-00134824-00135054 some cash i mean that genuinely but i
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00712-00135055-00135119 know that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00713-00135120-00135366 there is a market out there for peop for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00714-00135367-00135511 experts like you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00715-00135512-00135999 for selling consultations 120 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00716-00136000-00136175 so what happens during the sales
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00717-00136176-00136383 conversation then so in that 15-minute
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00718-00136384-00136439 call
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00719-00136440-00136751 you've talked about um you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00720-00136752-00137078 your your business and their their dog
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00721-00137079-00137287 and the challenges they're having and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00722-00137288-00137447 you get to that point if you pitch them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00723-00137448-00137535 the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00724-00137536-00137759 the consultation so imagine we're now
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00725-00137760-00138031 pitching at 120 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00726-00138032-00138247 and that person says oh gosh that's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00727-00138248-00138359 expensive
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00728-00138360-00138502 what do you normally find yourself
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00729-00138503-00138683 saying
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00730-00138684-00139007 uh i could see i could
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00731-00139008-00139183 hear you now going what are you going to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00732-00139184-00139566 say um i'd probably go let's look into
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00733-00139567-00139823 like a course or a program that we can
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00734-00139824-00139943 put onto and if
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00735-00139944-00140175 ever so or many sessions are booked we
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00736-00140176-00140414 can look into a discount or something
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00737-00140415-00140590 okay we're just talking about at the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00738-00140591-00140766 moment because again we're not selling
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00739-00140767-00140895 them the package yet we're going to do
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00740-00140896-00140999 the consultation
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00741-00141000-00141151 all right okay yeah and then from the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00742-00141152-00141287 consultation that's the point where
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00743-00141288-00141431 you'll upsell them the package
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00744-00141432-00141639 of you know a program of training
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00745-00141640-00141823 sessions afterwards so we're just
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00746-00141824-00142031 just for now we're just focusing on 120
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00747-00142032-00142151 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00748-00142152-00142463 consultation to be fair that the people
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00749-00142464-00142551 that have said no
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00750-00142552-00142751 so far i've just gone okay but you've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00751-00142752-00142911 you've got my details so if you do
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00752-00142912-00143095 struggle later on like you can always
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00753-00143096-00143439 message me like and and inquire again um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00754-00143440-00143711 so i have kind of accepted that you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00755-00143712-00143911 this is my price at the moment
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00756-00143912-00144223 but i think with the 120 yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00757-00144224-00144399 i'd be going i know it's slightly
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00758-00144400-00144614 expensive i'm sorry
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00759-00144615-00144966 okay apologetic okay right so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00760-00144967-00145126 is it okay to reflect something back to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00761-00145127-00145278 you yes of course
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00762-00145279-00145502 so most people when they sell it's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00763-00145503-00145654 normally a reflection of their own value
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00764-00145655-00145719 systems
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00765-00145720-00146047 so if if 120 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00766-00146048-00146223 was expense if you were to go and buy
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00767-00146224-00146414 something for 120 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00768-00146415-00146726 that might feel expensive to you yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00769-00146727-00146878 um so what's happening is you're
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00770-00146879-00147126 attaching emotionally to the sale based
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00771-00147127-00147278 on your own value system
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00772-00147279-00147454 oh yeah but i find it too expensive
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00773-00147455-00147607 therefore other people will find it too
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00774-00147608-00147735 expensive
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00775-00147736-00147926 so you've got to find a way and it's not
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00776-00147927-00148054 easy but you've got to find a way to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00777-00148055-00148214 kind of detach from that emotional side
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00778-00148215-00148271 of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00779-00148272-00148511 you know that that value system there
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00780-00148512-00148663 and you can you can
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00781-00148664-00148839 it can be expensive over here but your
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00782-00148840-00149047 business to get to 2k a month needs you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00783-00149048-00149111 to be
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00784-00149112-00149399 rock solid and be like no 120 pounds is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00785-00149400-00149511 bargain
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00786-00149512-00149823 yeah like it's this is the best thing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00787-00149824-00149926 for you and your dog
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00788-00149927-00150047 like that's why i'm recommending the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00789-00150048-00150207 consultation if i didn't think i could
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00790-00150208-00150366 help you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00791-00150367-00150471 i wouldn't be recommending my
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00792-00150472-00150663 consultation but if you want to work
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00793-00150664-00150807 with me
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00794-00150808-00150990 and start to listen to the tonality
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00795-00150991-00151214 which i'm using here as well
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00796-00151215-00151502 if you want to work with me and you want
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00797-00151503-00151799 your dog to stop barking at the postman
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00798-00151800-00151966 let's book the consultation when can you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00799-00151967-00152231 do it yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00800-00152232-00152551 it's all about you want this you want
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00801-00152552-00152687 your dog to stop doing this
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00802-00152688-00152926 i'm the person that can give it to you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00803-00152927-00153007 let's go
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00804-00153008-00153271 yeah it's it's much more so don't forget
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00805-00153272-00153383 you're the expert
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00806-00153384-00153543 your clients need you more than you need
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00807-00153544-00153759 them okay
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00808-00153760-00153919 because what's what's also happening
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00809-00153920-00154159 there is if you're if you're attached to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00810-00154160-00154295 that that yes and the no
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00811-00154296-00154647 because you need that 45 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00812-00154648-00154799 from the consultation because you need
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00813-00154800-00154959 to pay your rent and you need to put
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00814-00154960-00155126 food on your table
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00815-00155127-00155271 now all of a sudden you're not operating
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00816-00155272-00155495 in your clients best interests
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00817-00155496-00155671 yes all about rachel and paying for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00818-00155672-00155847 rachel's life
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00819-00155848-00156078 so that's one of the best things about
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00820-00156079-00156223 if you can get control of the pricing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00821-00156224-00156463 side of things and charge a bit more
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00822-00156464-00156711 um it gives you a bit of extra
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00823-00156712-00156878 flexibility and freedom to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00824-00156879-00157063 like it's all of a sudden you're making
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00825-00157064-00157199 more money so it's no longer about you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00826-00157200-00157311 it's just like you can pick and choose
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00827-00157312-00157423 who you work with
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00828-00157424-00157575 yeah it gives you more time to offer a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00829-00157576-00157863 better quality product etc etc so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00830-00157864-00158119 um so let's think about sort of some of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00831-00158120-00158223 the objections you might get so they
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00832-00158224-00158326 might turn around
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00833-00158327-00158766 flat blunt go that's expensive okay
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00834-00158767-00159071 the best weapon in your armory when you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00835-00159072-00159199 get that objection because it's never
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00836-00159200-00159287 about price
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00837-00159288-00159447 never about price right the best
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00838-00159448-00159599 question you can ask somebody is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00839-00159600-00159871 what do you mean and they might say
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00840-00159872-00159975 something like oh
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00841-00159976-00160151 you know i've noticed dave down the road
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00842-00160152-00160287 charges like two pounds for his
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00843-00160288-00160399 consultation
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00844-00160400-00160695 it's that's like yeah but dave's not
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00845-00160696-00160854 qualified with the imdt
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00846-00160855-00161190 dave's doing this on as a side hustle um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00847-00161191-00161326 actually if you've seen the reviews on
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00848-00161327-00161478 his website
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00849-00161479-00161687 yeah go and spend two quid with dave but
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00850-00161688-00161878 dave doesn't know what he's doing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00851-00161879-00162119 okay or you can come and spend 120
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00852-00162120-00162247 pounds somebody knows exactly what
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00853-00162248-00162311 they're doing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00854-00162312-00162511 and actually i tell you what if we get
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00855-00162512-00162678 to the end of the consultation and i
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00856-00162679-00162807 give you the report and you actually
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00857-00162808-00162951 don't feel you've had value for money
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00858-00162952-00163119 out of that process i'll just refund you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00859-00163120-00163271 the money
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00860-00163272-00163407 and you can then go and take that money
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00861-00163408-00163671 and spend it with dave if you want to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00862-00163672-00163799 so what we've done is it's something
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00863-00163800-00163943 called a risk reversal or we're kind of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00864-00163944-00164190 de-risking it for them so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00865-00164191-00164438 you um what it does is it focuses them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00866-00164439-00164654 on whether they want the product or not
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00867-00164655-00164990 right so they've got nowhere to go now
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00868-00164991-00165111 they're kind of like oh she's just told
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00869-00165112-00165214 me she's going to give me the money back
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00870-00165215-00165271 if it's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00871-00165272-00165566 so it's kind of a no-brainer why
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00872-00165567-00165623 wouldn't they
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00873-00165624-00165951 spend 120 quid with you that makes sense
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00874-00165952-00166102 yeah only what will happen is if they're
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00875-00166103-00166223 just not bought into you or not bought
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00876-00166224-00166359 into the process and that's absolutely
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00877-00166360-00166478 fine
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00878-00166479-00166654 they'll just walk away anyway despite
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00879-00166655-00166775 the fact you just said i'll give you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00880-00166776-00166975 your money back if you don't get it
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00881-00166976-00167335 yeah so it's you know so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00882-00167336-00167543 think about like what sort of questions
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00883-00167544-00167687 you could ask somebody to kind of loop
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00884-00167688-00167807 them back around on
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00885-00167808-00168031 you know um like so that that one which
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00886-00168032-00168247 is what do you mean and they'll start
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00887-00168248-00168399 giving you a whole load of excuses well
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00888-00168400-00168526 great if you're worried about investing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00889-00168527-00168623 120 quid
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00890-00168624-00168823 totally get it it's a lot of money um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00891-00168824-00168943 you know they might want to go and speak
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00892-00168944-00169063 to the husband or wife or partner or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00893-00169064-00169151 whatever and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00894-00169152-00169399 that's that's cool too but just you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00895-00169400-00169502 let me talk about what
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00896-00169503-00169647 so what's going to happen with fido then
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00897-00169648-00169766 if your husband says no we're not
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00898-00169767-00169926 spending 120 quid and he's still barking
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00899-00169927-00170038 at the postman
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00900-00170039-00170207 yeah you're going to moan about it the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00901-00170208-00170399 dog barking at the place and like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00902-00170400-00170654 what are you going to do then so you can
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00903-00170655-00170807 start to kind of get them focused on the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00904-00170808-00170926 problem again
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00905-00170927-00171159 yes and and it becomes not about the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00906-00171160-00171295 price does that make sense
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00907-00171296-00171647 yeah yeah yeah yeah have you got any
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00908-00171648-00171838 questions for me at this point
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00909-00171839-00172166 um none so far
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00910-00172167-00172519 i don't think so no so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00911-00172520-00172695 what are you going to say so if so let's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00912-00172696-00172878 say for example i was the client and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00913-00172879-00172975 i've just said to you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00914-00172976-00173183 oh god and you've just pitched me the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00915-00173184-00173431 120 pound consultation and i say
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00916-00173432-00173702 oh rachel it's a bit more expensive than
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00917-00173703-00173775 i was
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00918-00173776-00174095 thinking what are you gonna say to me um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00919-00174096-00174511 what do you mean great question
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00920-00174512-00174759 and also just maybe it can always be
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00921-00174760-00174838 like you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00922-00174839-00175063 if if it's not right right now this
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00923-00175064-00175271 month i'm always available next month
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00924-00175272-00175351 like you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00925-00175352-00175654 no okay okay so again in that in that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00926-00175655-00175783 because otherwise what's happening is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00927-00175784-00175983 you're kind of letting them off the hook
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00928-00175984-00176175 yeah yeah yeah i see what you mean
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00929-00176176-00176311 straight away
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00930-00176312-00176614 you you when you're buying stuff like to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00931-00176615-00176775 be let off the hook
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00932-00176776-00177071 yeah yeah but in this instance because
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00933-00177072-00177190 they've got a dog which
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00934-00177191-00177431 has a problem challenge needs help an
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00935-00177432-00177575 issue which you need help with some kind
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00936-00177576-00177735 of anxiety or problem and you know you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00937-00177736-00177887 can help them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00938-00177888-00178087 you've got to get them refocused on the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00939-00178088-00178254 problem you say right
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00940-00178255-00178423 what do you mean okay well actually i
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00941-00178424-00178566 don't i don't have the money or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00942-00178567-00178711 it's more more money than i was thinking
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00943-00178712-00178966 it was well that's great but obviously
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00944-00178967-00179166 like if we were to take money out of the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00945-00179167-00179335 picture
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00946-00179336-00179454 this is another way of handling that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00947-00179455-00179566 objection if we take money out the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00948-00179567-00179711 picture
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00949-00179712-00179966 um what do you do do you understand the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00950-00179967-00180102 process of the consultation do you think
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00951-00180103-00180271 is going to be helpful
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00952-00180272-00180414 and now probably yeah it sounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00953-00180415-00180599 fantastic great
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00954-00180600-00180735 so you told me at the start of the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00955-00180736-00180926 consultation that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00956-00180927-00181143 like you get really anxious at quarter
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00957-00181144-00181319 past nine every morning because you can
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00958-00181320-00181495 hear the footsteps of the postman
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00959-00181496-00181599 and you know the dog's gonna go
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00960-00181600-00181751 absolutely mental and you have this race
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00961-00181752-00181878 to get there before he shreds all the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00962-00181879-00181966 letters
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00963-00181967-00182319 every morning we can i need to assess
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00964-00182320-00182438 the situation which is what that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00965-00182439-00182590 consultation is about and i can start to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00966-00182591-00182831 give you a bit of a plan a strategy for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00967-00182832-00182983 you taking control of that and training
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00968-00182984-00183190 the dog to stop it we can also look at
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00969-00183191-00183343 further training sessions
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00970-00183344-00183502 but this is the start of the process to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00971-00183503-00183671 stop friday from tearing the poster and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00972-00183672-00183783 barking every you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00973-00183784-00184102 every morning of course 9.
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00974-00184103-00184407 oh yeah when you say it like that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00975-00184408-00184607 yeah it's very different to kind of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00976-00184608-00184743 either letting people off the hook or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00977-00184744-00184878 feeling like you've got to justify
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00978-00184879-00184966 yourself
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00979-00184967-00185126 yeah i think that's it i think that's it
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00980-00185127-00185271 actually yeah like i have to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00981-00185272-00185559 justify my prices like you know i charge
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00982-00185560-00185663 this much because
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00983-00185664-00185919 i do this this this this and this and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00984-00185920-00186143 then sometimes if i feel like i've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00985-00186144-00186375 it's too much i then just add something
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00986-00186376-00186487 else on so i do this
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00987-00186488-00186847 this this and this yeah so yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00988-00186848-00187023 you know and then another way is just
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00989-00187024-00187159 you mentioned it before i mean it's it's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00990-00187160-00187399 120 quid so i would hope that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00991-00187400-00187566 most people could afford that if they
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00992-00187567-00187735 can't afford 120 pounds they're going to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00993-00187736-00187959 struggle to pay for an ongoing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00994-00187960-00188207 series of training sessions um you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00995-00188208-00188390 they might be more appropriate if
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00996-00188391-00188543 if the challenge with the dog isn't big
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00997-00188544-00188702 enough to come into the group workshops
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00998-00188703-00188735 or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-00999-00188736-00189054 something like that but um uh you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01000-00189055-00189190 you could also say to them well listen
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01001-00189191-00189366 if it's literally the fact you don't you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01002-00189367-00189550 want to do this but you don't have 120
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01003-00189551-00189623 quid
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01004-00189624-00189790 you know why don't we split it down into
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01005-00189791-00189966 two payments could you do 60 pounds now
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01006-00189967-00190095 and then 60 pounds on the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01007-00190096-00190438 on the day or the day before ideally for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01008-00190439-00190583 consultations you want payment in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01009-00190584-00190654 advance
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01010-00190655-00190854 like you know in full because you don't
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01011-00190855-00190990 want no shows and things like that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01012-00190991-00191038 happening
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01013-00191039-00191271 it gets people committed so you could
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01014-00191272-00191431 potentially split it up into a couple of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01015-00191432-00191599 payments if you wanted to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01016-00191600-00191847 okay you know or you could say to them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01017-00191848-00192007 well listen if this is going to be
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01018-00192008-00192143 you know it might be that it's middle of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01019-00192144-00192311 the month they're running a bit short
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01020-00192312-00192526 well how about let's book the session in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01021-00192527-00192631 today
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01022-00192632-00192847 so that that's in the diary i'll send
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01023-00192848-00193007 you the invoice
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01024-00193008-00193326 um but you pay on payday
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01025-00193327-00193631 okay yeah again what's happening is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01026-00193632-00193735 you've given them like really clear
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01027-00193736-00193878 instructions on what the next steps are
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01028-00193879-00194014 in your process
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01029-00194015-00194390 yes okay yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01030-00194391-00194663 so i've i've given you a little like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01031-00194664-00194775 sales
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01032-00194776-00195007 master class like 101 in about a space
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01033-00195008-00195263 about five or ten minutes there
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01034-00195264-00195390 what's going to happen is you'll then
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01035-00195391-00195575 sit the consultation and then i'm going
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01036-00195576-00195838 to go back to my terrible diagram again
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01037-00195839-00196143 yeah everybody can read the words on it
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01038-00196144-00196263 so then we're kind of going to get into
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01039-00196264-00196407 the territory of the packages
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01040-00196408-00196695 okay so we've done the consultation next
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01041-00196696-00196759 stage
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01042-00196760-00196983 at the end of the consultation or after
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01043-00196984-00197119 the consultation will then sell them a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01044-00197120-00197295 package now
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01045-00197296-00197502 actually do the consultation and fido's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01046-00197503-00197631 you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01047-00197632-00197831 post-shredding antics are like worse
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01048-00197832-00197950 than you thought and it's gonna
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01049-00197951-00198143 he's a he's a bit of an old dog anyway
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01050-00198144-00198254 so he's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01051-00198255-00198431 gonna take him a while to teach him you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01052-00198432-00198599 know how to behave when the postman
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01053-00198600-00198750 starts walking down the drive and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01054-00198751-00198999 things like that so but the packages
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01055-00199000-00199126 which you want to be selling are
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01056-00199127-00199350 um it's what i call the one two or three
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01057-00199351-00199431 pack
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01058-00199432-00199735 so silver gold or platinum you know and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01059-00199736-00199887 it depends on the severity of the issue
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01060-00199888-00199950 but fido
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01061-00199951-00200150 you reckon could be fixed if you had a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01062-00200151-00200326 weekly training session for two or three
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01063-00200327-00200375 months
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01064-00200376-00200687 you reckon you can have it licked
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01065-00200688-00201047 okay but what you sell them is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01066-00201048-00201319 not 200 pounds a month or 45 pound a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01067-00201320-00201414 session or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01068-00201415-00201575 whatever it looks like you sell them a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01069-00201576-00201719 three month program
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01070-00201720-00202023 that by the end of it we'll have fido
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01071-00202024-00202295 you know sitting quietly looking up at
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01072-00202296-00202366 the owner
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01073-00202367-00202526 you know every time the postman comes
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01074-00202527-00202726 along because we've we've got it solved
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01075-00202727-00202999 you know dad's happy fair baby's dad is
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01076-00203000-00203199 happy because there's no barking or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01077-00203200-00203559 you know his posters in one piece um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01078-00203560-00203735 so we sell them a package three month
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01079-00203736-00204063 package that's 600 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01080-00204064-00204254 okay yeah it's one training session a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01081-00204255-00204407 week for 12 weeks at the end of it
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01082-00204408-00204575 fridays are going to be good as gold
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01083-00204576-00204814 and hey presto maybe we'll fix a couple
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01084-00204815-00204966 of other issues along the way as well
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01085-00204967-00205255 as a bruce lee bonus okay but we get
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01086-00205256-00205479 them focused on one specific problem so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01087-00205480-00205703 we start to then sell packages at 600
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01088-00205704-00205910 pounds now again it might be that it's a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01089-00205911-00206031 three-month program so you could say
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01090-00206032-00206166 well it's 200 pounds a month for three
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01091-00206167-00206246 months
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01092-00206248-00206446 so you can split it down but you're
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01093-00206448-00206646 selling them a specific package
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01094-00206648-00206958 with specific outcomes and results
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01095-00206959-00207206 okay and obviously if you then did twice
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01096-00207207-00207342 a week or three times a week if the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01097-00207344-00207423 issue is more
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01098-00207423-00207734 severe which it might be in some cases
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01099-00207735-00208023 you know um separation anxiety for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01100-00208023-00208246 example it's just absolutely like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01101-00208248-00208398 you know destroying the dog that could
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01102-00208400-00208575 be like a two pack or three pack so two
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01103-00208576-00208703 or three sessions a week
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01104-00208704-00208894 until the problem's resolved and that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01105-00208896-00209062 could be as much as 1200 pounds or even
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01106-00209063-00209271 1800 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01107-00209271-00209431 and again people will hear those big
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01108-00209432-00209575 numbers and go oh my gosh that's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01109-00209576-00209710 expensive and this that and the other
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01110-00209711-00209798 but
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01111-00209800-00209991 um imagine this scenario where you're
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01112-00209992-00210182 doing like four or five consultations a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01113-00210183-00210310 month so you're getting a few hundred
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01114-00210311-00210431 pounds in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01115-00210432-00210623 and you've got maybe one or two or three
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01116-00210623-00210806 clients on just your one one or two pack
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01117-00210807-00210903 already but then
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01118-00210904-00211055 every now and then a client drops in and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01119-00211056-00211246 says yeah you know what i can see this
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01120-00211248-00211446 whole load of issues here we want to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01121-00211448-00211551 resolve all of them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01122-00211552-00211703 we'll go for your three pack and it's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01123-00211704-00211894 1800 quid
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01124-00211896-00212246 okay your goal was 2 000. you could sell
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01125-00212248-00212455 one consultation a month and one
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01126-00212456-00212575 platinum package
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01127-00212576-00212823 and you've hit your goal that's one
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01128-00212823-00212942 client a month
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01129-00212944-00213303 yeah okay
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01130-00213304-00213575 but it it takes time for you to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01131-00213576-00213710 gradually
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01132-00213711-00214119 you know eat up and start to sell bigger
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01133-00214119-00214198 packages
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01134-00214200-00214487 for more money and things like that so i
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01135-00214488-00214558 said
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01136-00214559-00214798 take the consultations for example we've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01137-00214800-00214991 agreed you and i have agreed
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01138-00214992-00215158 you're going to start selling those 120
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01139-00215159-00215406 quid each yeah okay so you got to take
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01140-00215407-00215558 take the prices off your website for now
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01141-00215559-00215646 because we're going to be practicing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01142-00215648-00215782 your prices that's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01143-00215783-00215903 important because one of the challenges
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01144-00215904-00216142 you'll face is you set your pitch at 120
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01145-00216144-00216271 quid and somebody will say oh but i saw
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01146-00216271-00216494 it on your website it's 45 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01147-00216496-00216671 yeah make the price whilst we're testing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01148-00216671-00216887 prices take your prices off your website
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01149-00216888-00216934 okay
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01150-00216935-00217206 really important next 10 or 20 people
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01151-00217207-00217351 pictured at 120 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01152-00217352-00217519 when you've sold like three four five of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01153-00217519-00217879 them i want you to consider
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01154-00217880-00218182 putting up to 150. okay
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01155-00218183-00218334 when you've sold three four five of them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01156-00218335-00218487 at 150
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01157-00218488-00218687 start thinking about putting up to 180
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01158-00218688-00218831 so we're gradually gonna as your
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01159-00218832-00218967 confidence grows
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01160-00218967-00219231 we'll gradually increment that price and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01161-00219232-00219423 you'll sell them for more and more
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01162-00219423-00219742 well uh only one question um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01163-00219744-00220039 with regards to um quite a lot of people
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01164-00220040-00220191 get i get recommended from people that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01165-00220192-00220255 i've helped
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01166-00220256-00220479 they go oh so you helped my friend and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01167-00220480-00220687 they've recommended me to you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01168-00220688-00220887 if i'm then starting increasing my
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01169-00220888-00221103 prices every four to five and i'll go
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01170-00221104-00221463 well you sold it to thingie for 120
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01171-00221464-00221775 now why am i 150. you say
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01172-00221776-00222103 you know i'm full to capacity i'm good
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01173-00222104-00222215 at what i do
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01174-00222216-00222406 you know my coaches told me to put my
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01175-00222407-00222558 prices up
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01176-00222559-00222846 all right okay don't feel you've got to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01177-00222848-00222951 justify it just
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01178-00222952-00223255 make it matter of fact to say yeah um or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01179-00223256-00223398 or if you were worried about it you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01180-00223400-00223455 could just
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01181-00223456-00223710 you could just say um you know actually
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01182-00223711-00223823 yeah i'll honor
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01183-00223823-00223991 james price if that's what jane told you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01184-00223992-00224231 it was i'm happy to honor that okay
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01185-00224232-00224398 you know so then there's no problem with
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01186-00224400-00224575 that you don't lose any face either by
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01187-00224576-00224710 you know you probably get more goodwill
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01188-00224711-00224903 by kind of just saying yeah i'll go i'll
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01189-00224904-00225039 go for that one
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01190-00225040-00225215 um i mean you're not going to be putting
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01191-00225216-00225367 your prices up every five minutes it's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01192-00225367-00225510 probably going to be like every four to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01193-00225511-00225710 six weeks you'll get as your confidence
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01194-00225711-00225879 builds and you pitch for you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01195-00225880-00226127 10 to 20 people over four to six weeks
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01196-00226128-00226303 confidence bills we sell four or five
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01197-00226304-00226439 then i'll put my price up so it's not
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01198-00226440-00226615 like you'd be changing it every day
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01199-00226616-00226782 it's gonna gradually increment sort of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01200-00226783-00227015 on a monthly bi-monthly basis
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01201-00227016-00227358 okay i i would focus to make it
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01202-00227359-00227494 make life easier for yourself i would
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01203-00227496-00227623 focus just on the pricing for the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01204-00227623-00227782 consultation initially
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01205-00227783-00227934 okay don't worry too much about the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01206-00227935-00228055 packages because you'll sell some
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01207-00228056-00228223 packages anyway
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01208-00228223-00228455 but you can use similar techniques as
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01209-00228456-00228575 you learn through
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01210-00228576-00228806 applying it to the consultations you'll
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01211-00228807-00228958 start to learn the techniques which you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01212-00228959-00229182 can then apply to your packages as well
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01213-00229183-00229615 yes but i'll leave you my parting words
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01214-00229616-00229687 with
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01215-00229688-00230031 for you will be throughout your sales
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01216-00230032-00230382 process assume a position leadership
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01217-00230383-00230598 don't let the client say to you oh well
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01218-00230600-00230798 i only want to book one session
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01219-00230800-00230958 if you're sat there in little photos
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01220-00230959-00231142 like tearing a poster and you're like
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01221-00231144-00231455 that that dog needs four sessions you've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01222-00231456-00231639 got to sell that client four sessions or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01223-00231640-00231846 be prepared to walk away
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01224-00231848-00232063 okay because if you're selling them one
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01225-00232064-00232255 session it's to satisfy your own needs
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01226-00232256-00232391 to make money
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01227-00232392-00232615 yes and at all times you need to be
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01228-00232616-00232758 operating within the dog and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01229-00232759-00232894 the owner as well but within the dog's
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01230-00232896-00233110 best interests yeah
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01231-00233111-00233423 um and and clients will try everything
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01232-00233423-00233582 they possibly can to try and tell you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01233-00233583-00233751 what they think they need
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01234-00233752-00234023 and a lot of the time it's wrong and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01235-00234023-00234063 you've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01236-00234064-00234294 got to just ignore that and to say no no
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01237-00234296-00234519 i'm really sorry mr smith but
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01238-00234519-00234679 from what i've seen what you what we
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01239-00234680-00234831 discussed in your initial assessment and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01240-00234832-00235023 what i've seen in the consultation
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01241-00235023-00235303 we need at least eight sessions because
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01242-00235304-00235439 it's quite a severe
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01243-00235440-00235767 problem no that is going to be close to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01244-00235767-00235919 400 pounds
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01245-00235919-00236182 but by the end of it i can't guarantee
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01246-00236183-00236351 anything but i'm pretty confident based
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01247-00236352-00236439 on what i've seen
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01248-00236440-00236582 the dogs i've worked with in the past
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01249-00236583-00236831 that we can resolve that issue
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01250-00236832-00237023 you know but it's eight sessions over
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01251-00237023-00237223 over eight weeks so we can split that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01252-00237223-00237542 down into two payments if you want to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01253-00237544-00237823 okay oh but can't we just try four and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01254-00237823-00237903 see how it goes
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01255-00237904-00238031 no no i think you're missing the point
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01256-00238032-00238271 here it's eight sessions that's what he
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01257-00238271-00238367 needs
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01258-00238367-00238775 yeah yeah so it can almost be like you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01259-00238776-00238815 know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01260-00238816-00239023 eight sessions and then we can see at
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01261-00239023-00239175 the end of it where we are
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01262-00239176-00239391 yeah you know if he still needs more if
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01263-00239392-00239567 it's even more behavioural or
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01264-00239567-00239767 if we've completed what we're after but
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01265-00239767-00239934 eight sessions is the minimum that this
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01266-00239935-00240055 dog needs kind of thing
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01267-00240056-00240391 yeah and you're you you've also got to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01268-00240392-00240551 get into the habit of with your
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01269-00240552-00240742 your walking clients unfortunately kind
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01270-00240744-00240882 of taking the mickey a little bit
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01271-00240883-00241006 because you're doing training with them
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01272-00241007-00241175 whilst you're out on the walks yeah i'm
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01273-00241176-00241310 not really paying for that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01274-00241311-00241630 not at those prices anyway so i i would
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01275-00241631-00241839 i would consider having a training walk
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01276-00241840-00241919 price
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01277-00241919-00242191 which is close to double your normal
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01278-00242192-00242310 walk price
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01279-00242311-00242694 right okay okay so normal walk just
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01280-00242696-00242910 take them out you know give them a good
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01281-00242911-00243039 stretch of the legs and come back
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01282-00243040-00243294 no training training walk is now double
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01283-00243296-00243542 the price of what it was last week
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01284-00243544-00243719 yeah because i find that a bit like my
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01285-00243719-00243887 dog walking clients because it was just
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01286-00243888-00244006 started up you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01287-00244007-00244303 as as a a kind of a way to learn as well
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01288-00244304-00244455 about dogs behavior different dogs and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01289-00244456-00244582 everything like that learning from each
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01290-00244583-00244719 individual
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01291-00244719-00244903 but now i find a lot of the dog walks
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01292-00244904-00245142 does take up a lot of my day
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01293-00245144-00245391 and then i've got to do all my training
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01294-00245392-00245455 elements
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01295-00245456-00245782 in an evening because i've booked up my
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01296-00245783-00245823 day
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01297-00245823-00246279 for you know dog walking so um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01298-00246280-00246487 yeah i might have to look at prices of
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01299-00246488-00246671 dog walks
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01300-00246671-00246894 definitely and and it might be you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01301-00246896-00247079 so um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01302-00247080-00247223 well have a think about it and you can
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01303-00247223-00247351 always kind of fire back to me in the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01304-00247352-00247398 group
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01305-00247400-00247591 either in professional network or in
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01306-00247592-00247775 confidently chargeable group
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01307-00247776-00247951 um you know once you've had a chance to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01308-00247952-00248191 kind of process today's session which
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01309-00248192-00248303 hopefully has been
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01310-00248304-00248646 enjoyable yes um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01311-00248648-00248806 you know and keep us posted with your
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01312-00248807-00248982 progress as well share your wins so if
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01313-00248983-00249110 you do go out and sell a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01314-00249111-00249391 consultation for three times the price
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01315-00249392-00249494 let everybody know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01316-00249496-00249655 talk about it share that with us i'd
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01317-00249656-00249910 really appreciate it
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01318-00249911-00250094 cool right we're there we're at the end
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01319-00250096-00250223 of it we did go over a little bit i'm
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01320-00250223-00250342 afraid so we're a bit beyond five
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01321-00250344-00250455 o'clock but um
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01322-00250456-00250606 if you're watching this and you want a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01323-00250607-00250782 bit of help in terms of fixing your pet
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01324-00250783-00250942 professional business or any business
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01325-00250944-00251063 for that matter that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01326-00251064-00251246 involves some kind of a service which
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01327-00251248-00251382 you want to productize
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01328-00251383-00251558 or involves clients and customers that
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01329-00251559-00251727 may be
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01330-00251728-00251871 pulling you around rather than you being
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01331-00251871-00252151 able to make it work for yourself better
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01332-00252152-00252327 if you want to increase your turnover
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01333-00252328-00252510 then drop me a line
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01334-00252511-00252687 um we're always looking for guests for
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01335-00252688-00252846 fix your business and obviously what
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01336-00252848-00252991 we'll also do is we will share
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01337-00252992-00253206 rachel's details um so you can go and
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01338-00253207-00253334 check out uh
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01339-00253335-00253630 rache's rambles uh you're on facebook
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01340-00253631-00253742 aunt you've got a facebook page you've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01341-00253744-00253894 got instagram and also we'll share the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01342-00253896-00254046 website address as well so
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01343-00254048-00254215 if anybody's down in essex and want some
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01344-00254216-00254334 help with that dog obviously you can go
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01345-00254335-00254487 and speak to rachel too
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01346-00254488-00254742 uh rachel um hopefully that's enjoyable
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01347-00254744-00254806 it's been a real
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01348-00254807-00255119 yeah an eye-opener you know
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01349-00255119-00255246 like i said before i've never owned a
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01350-00255248-00255542 business so actually talking to somebody
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01351-00255544-00255703 that you know knows how businesses work
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01352-00255704-00255806 and knows how to make
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01353-00255807-00255998 money and you know make it the most
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01354-00256000-00256127 successful business you can because i
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01355-00256128-00256230 think that's the goal at the end of the
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01356-00256231-00256271 day
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01357-00256271-00256455 i want my business to be successful you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01358-00256456-00256623 know i don't just want to
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01359-00256623-00256758 five years time ago that was the worst
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01360-00256759-00257046 experience of my life
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01361-00257048-00257319 so yes it's been really interesting
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01362-00257319-00257430 really interesting
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01363-00257431-00257606 awesome i'm pleased to hear it and what
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01364-00257607-00257734 will happen is you're going to get a bug
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01365-00257735-00257846 for this when you hit
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01366-00257848-00258030 2000 and i say when not if but when you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01367-00258031-00258215 hit 2000 a month in terms of turnover
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01368-00258216-00258319 you'd be like i want more
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01369-00258319-00258494 how do i get more and it will keep on
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01370-00258496-00258630 escalating from there but you'll you'll
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01371-00258631-00258710 have if you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01372-00258711-00258823 apply some of the principles you've
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01373-00258823-00258998 learned today you'll have everything you
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01374-00259000-00259119 need to go up to 3k
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01375-00259119-00259455 4k 5k and beyond
+i2DdkFbd0Lg-01376-00259456-00260528 ace thank you thank you so much
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00000-00000048-00000368 in computer programming a subroutine as
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00001-00000369-00000625 a sequence of program instructions that
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00002-00000626-00000904 performs a specific task packaged as a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00003-00000905-00001225 unit this unit can then be used in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00004-00001226-00001493 programs wherever that particular task
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00005-00001494-00001880 should be performed sub programs may be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00006-00001880-00002183 defined within programs or separately in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00007-00002184-00002390 libraries that can be used by many
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00008-00002391-00002702 programs in different programming
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00009-00002703-00002972 languages a subroutine may be called a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00010-00002973-00003293 procedure a function a routine a method
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00011-00003294-00003620 or a sub program the generic term
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00012-00003621-00003899 callable unit is sometimes used the name
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00013-00003900-00004133 sub program suggests a subroutine
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00014-00004134-00004361 behaves in much the same way as a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00015-00004362-00004606 computer program that is used as one
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00016-00004607-00004892 step in a larger program or another sub
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00017-00004893-00005263 program a subroutine is often coded so
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00018-00005264-00005506 that it can be started several times and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00019-00005507-00005777 from several places during one execution
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00020-00005778-00006011 of the program including from other
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00021-00006012-00006278 subroutines and then branch back return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00022-00006279-00006502 to the next instruction after the call
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00023-00006503-00006866 once the subroutines task is done the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00024-00006867-00007084 idea of a subroutine was initially
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00025-00007085-00007355 conceived by John Mauchly during his
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00026-00007356-00007627 work on ENIAC and recorded in a Harvard
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00027-00007628-00008035 symposium in January of 1947 entitled
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00028-00008036-00008366 preparation of problems for edv AC type
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00029-00008367-00008719 machines maurice wilkes David wheeler
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00030-00008720-00008984 and Stanley Gill are generally credited
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00031-00008985-00009196 with the formal invention of this
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00032-00009197-00009412 concept which they termed a closed
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00033-00009413-00009664 subroutine contrasted with an open
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00034-00009665-00009931 subroutine or macro subroutines are a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00035-00009932-00010201 powerful programming tool and the syntax
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00036-00010202-00010462 of many programming languages includes
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00037-00010463-00010731 support for writing and using them
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00038-00010732-00011059 judicious use of subroutines for example
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00039-00011060-00011224 through the structured programming
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00040-00011225-00011498 approach will often substantially reduce
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00041-00011499-00011752 the cost of developing and maintaining a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00042-00011753-00011974 large program while increasing its
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00043-00011975-00012328 quality and reliability subroutines
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00044-00012329-00012598 often collected into libraries are an
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00045-00012599-00012818 important mechanism for sharing and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00046-00012819-00013124 trading software the discipline of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00047-00013125-00013421 object-oriented programming is based on
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00048-00013422-00013588 objects and methods which are
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00049-00013590-00013850 subroutines attached to these objects or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00050-00013851-00014255 object classes in the compiling method
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00051-00014256-00014501 called threaded code the executable
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00052-00014502-00014735 program is basically a sequence of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00053-00014736-00015391 subroutine calls
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00054-00015391-00015991 topic main concepts
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00055-00015991-00016279 the content of a subroutine as its body
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00056-00016280-00016546 which is the piece of program code that
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00057-00016547-00016755 is executed when the subroutine is
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00058-00016756-00017119 called or invoked a subroutine may be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00059-00017120-00017383 written so that it expects to obtain one
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00060-00017384-00017614 or more data values from the calling
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00061-00017615-00017863 program to replace its parameters or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00062-00017864-00018178 formal parameters the calling program
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00063-00018179-00018421 provides actual values for these
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00064-00018422-00018775 parameters called arguments different
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00065-00018776-00018999 programming languages may use different
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00066-00019000-00019387 conventions for passing arguments the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00067-00019388-00019657 subroutine may return a computed value
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00068-00019658-00019909 to its caller its return value or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00069-00019910-00020218 provide various result values or output
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00070-00020219-00020550 parameters indeed a common use of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00071-00020551-00020839 subroutines as to implement mathematical
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00072-00020840-00021061 functions in which the purpose of the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00073-00021062-00021325 subroutine is purely to compute one or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00074-00021326-00021565 more results whose values are entirely
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00075-00021566-00021796 determined by the arguments passed to
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00076-00021797-00022104 the subroutine examples might include
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00077-00022105-00022387 computing the logarithm of a number or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00078-00022388-00022667 the determinant of a matrix
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00079-00022668-00022952 a subroutine call may also have side
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00080-00022953-00023158 effects such as modifying data
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00081-00023159-00023447 structures in a computer memory reading
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00082-00023448-00023664 from or writing to a peripheral device
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00083-00023665-00023986 creating a file halting the program or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00084-00023987-00024194 the machine or even delaying the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00085-00024195-00024481 program's execution for a specified time
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00086-00024482-00024811 a sub program with side-effects may
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00087-00024812-00025064 return different results each time it is
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00088-00025065-00025289 called even if it is called with the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00089-00025290-00025649 same arguments an example as a random
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00090-00025650-00025870 number function available in many
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00091-00025872-00026102 languages that returns a different
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00092-00026102-00026327 pseudo-random number each time it is
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00093-00026327-00026683 called the widespread use of subroutines
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00094-00026684-00026957 with side-effects as a characteristic of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00095-00026958-00027274 imperative programming languages a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00096-00027275-00027551 subroutine can be coded so that it may
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00097-00027552-00027808 call itself recursively at one or more
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00098-00027809-00028214 places to perform its task this method
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00099-00028214-00028442 allows direct implementation of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00100-00028443-00028685 functions defined by mathematical
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00101-00028686-00028907 induction and recursive divide and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00102-00028908-00029282 conquer algorithms a subroutine whose
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00103-00029283-00029576 purpose is to compute one boolean valued
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00104-00029577-00029849 function that is to answer a yes/no
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00105-00029850-00030107 question is sometimes called a predicate
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00106-00030108-00030496 in logic programming languages often all
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00107-00030497-00030749 subroutines are called predicates since
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00108-00030750-00030977 they primarily determined success or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00109-00030977-00031565 failure
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00110-00031566-00032018 topic language support
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00111-00032019-00032160 you
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00112-00032161-00032492 high level programming languages usually
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00113-00032493-00032877 include specific constructs to delimit
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00114-00032878-00033140 the part of the program body that makes
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00115-00033141-00033341 up the subroutine
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00116-00033342-00033614 a sign an identifier name to the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00117-00033615-00033959 subroutine specify the names and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00118-00033960-00034223 datatypes of its parameters and return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00119-00034224-00034607 values provide a private naming scope
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00120-00034608-00034997 for its temporary variables identify
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00121-00034998-00035225 variables outside the subroutine that
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00122-00035226-00035540 are accessible within it call the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00123-00035541-00035891 subroutine provide values to its
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00124-00035892-00036284 parameters the main program contains the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00125-00036285-00036626 address of the sub program the sub
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00126-00036627-00036881 program contains the address of next
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00127-00036882-00037127 instruction of the function call in main
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00128-00037128-00037550 program specify the return values from
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00129-00037551-00037880 within its body return to the calling
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00130-00037881-00038273 program dispose of the values returned
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00131-00038274-00038624 by a call handle any exceptional
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00132-00038625-00038917 conditions encountered during the call
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00133-00038918-00039190 package subroutines into a module
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00134-00039191-00039572 library object class etc some
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00135-00039573-00039839 programming languages such as Pascal
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00136-00039840-00040208 Fortran Ada and many dialects of basic
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00137-00040209-00040424 distinguish between functions or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00138-00040425-00040679 function sub programs which provide an
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00139-00040680-00040934 explicit return value to the calling
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00140-00040935-00041195 program and subroutines or procedures
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00141-00041196-00041579 which do not in those languages function
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00142-00041580-00041765 calls are normally embedded in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00143-00041766-00042149 expressions eg sqr t function may be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00144-00042150-00042616 called as y equals z + SQ r-tx
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00145-00042617-00042860 procedure calls either behave
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00146-00042861-00043190 syntactically as statements eg a print
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00147-00043191-00043442 procedure may be called as if X greater
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00148-00043443-00043769 than 0 then print X or are explicitly
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00149-00043770-00044033 invoked by a statement such as call or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00150-00044034-00044489 gosub eg call print X other languages
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00151-00044490-00044771 such as C and Lisp do not distinguish
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00152-00044772-00045098 between functions and subroutines in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00153-00045099-00045329 strictly functional programming
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00154-00045330-00045629 languages such as Haskell sub programs
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00155-00045630-00045866 can have no side-effects which means
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00156-00045867-00046085 that various internal states of the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00157-00046086-00046406 program will not change functions will
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00158-00046407-00046631 always return the same result if
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00159-00046632-00046736 repeatedly
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00160-00046737-00047090 with the same arguments such languages
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00161-00047091-00047368 typically only support functions since
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00162-00047369-00047590 subroutines that do not return a value
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00163-00047591-00047812 have no use unless they can cause a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00164-00047813-00047930 side-effect
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00165-00047931-00048374 in programming languages such as C C++
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00166-00048375-00048767 and C sharp subroutines may also simply
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00167-00048768-00049004 be called functions not to be confused
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00168-00049005-00049220 with mathematical functions or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00169-00049221-00049406 functional programming which are
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00170-00049407-00049817 different concepts a languages compiler
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00171-00049818-00050084 will usually translate procedure calls
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00172-00050085-00050342 and returns into machine instructions
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00173-00050343-00050561 according to a well defined calling
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00174-00050562-00050798 convention so that subroutines can be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00175-00050799-00051023 compiled separately from the programs
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00176-00051024-00051367 that call them the instruction sequences
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00177-00051369-00051564 corresponding to call and return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00178-00051565-00051790 statements are called the procedures
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00179-00051791-00052462 prologue and epilogue
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00180-00052463-00053030 topic advantages
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00181-00053032-00053306 the advantages of breaking of program
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00182-00053307-00053705 into subroutines include decomposing a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00183-00053707-00053985 complex programming tasks into simpler
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00184-00053986-00054249 steps this is one of the two main tools
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00185-00054250-00054482 of structured programming along with
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00186-00054483-00054879 data structures reducing duplicate code
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00187-00054879-00055104 within a program
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00188-00055105-00055396 enabling reuse of code across multiple
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00189-00055397-00055807 programs dividing a large programming
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00190-00055808-00056044 task among various programmers or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00191-00056045-00056441 various stages of a project hiding
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00192-00056442-00056710 implementation details from users of the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00193-00056711-00057097 subroutine improving readability of code
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00194-00057098-00057340 by replacing a block of code with a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00195-00057341-00057550 function call where a descriptive
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00196-00057551-00057775 function name serves to describe the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00197-00057776-00057883 block of code
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00198-00057884-00058210 this makes the calling code concise and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00199-00058211-00058411 readable even if the function is not
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00200-00058412-00058744 meant to be reduced improving
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00201-00058745-00059095 traceability ie most languages offer
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00202-00059096-00059344 ways to obtain the call trace which
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00203-00059345-00059529 includes the names of the involved
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00204-00059529-00059776 subroutines and perhaps even more
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00205-00059777-00060054 information such as file names and line
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00206-00060055-00060316 numbers by not decomposing the code into
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00207-00060316-00060583 subroutines debugging would be severely
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00208-00060584-00061092 impaired
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00209-00061094-00061679 topic disadvantages
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00210-00061680-00061950 invoking a subroutine versus using
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00211-00061951-00062259 inline code imposes some computational
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00212-00062260-00062540 overhead in the call mechanism a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00213-00062541-00062859 subroutine typically requires standard
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00214-00062860-00063126 housekeeping code both at entry to and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00215-00063127-00063399 exit from the function function prologue
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00216-00063400-00063609 and epilogue usually saving
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00217-00063610-00063849 general-purpose registers and return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00218-00063850-00064503 address as a minimum
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00219-00064504-00065041 topic history
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00220-00065042-00065324 the idea of a subroutine was worked out
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00221-00065325-00065567 after computing machines had already
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00222-00065568-00065981 existed for some time the arithmetic and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00223-00065982-00066197 conditional jump instructions were
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00224-00066198-00066422 planned ahead of time and have changed
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00225-00066423-00066638 relatively little but the special
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00226-00066639-00066872 instructions used for procedure calls
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00227-00066873-00067256 have changed greatly over the years the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00228-00067257-00067532 earliest computers and micro processors
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00229-00067533-00067828 such as the Manchester baby and the RCA
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00230-00067829-00068183 1802 did not have a single subroutine
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00231-00068184-00068549 call instruction subroutines could be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00232-00068550-00068717 implemented but they required
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00233-00068718-00068992 programmers to use the call sequence a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00234-00068993-00069504 series of instructions at each call site
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00235-00069505-00069848 in January of 1947 John Mauchly
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00236-00069849-00070122 presented general notes at a symposium
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00237-00070123-00070364 of large scale Digital calculating
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00238-00070365-00070794 machinery under the joint sponsorship of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00239-00070795-00071025 Harvard University and the Bureau of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00240-00071026-00071394 ordnance United States Navy here he
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00241-00071395-00071703 discusses serial and parallel operation
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00242-00071704-00072099 suggesting dot the structure of the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00243-00072100-00072393 machine need not be complicated one bit
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00244-00072394-00072728 it is possible since all the logical
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00245-00072729-00072927 characteristics essential to this
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00246-00072928-00073179 procedure are available to evolve a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00247-00073180-00073392 coding instruction for placing the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00248-00073393-00073620 subroutines in the memory at places
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00249-00073621-00073854 known to the Machine and in such a way
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00250-00073855-00074076 that they may easily be called into use
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00251-00074077-00074276 in other words one can designate
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00252-00074277-00074580 subroutine a as division and subroutine
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00253-00074581-00074856 B as complex multiplication and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00254-00074857-00075135 subroutine C as the evaluation of a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00255-00075136-00075366 standard error of a sequence of number
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00256-00075367-00075537 and so on through the list of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00257-00075538-00075728 subroutines needed for a particular
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00258-00075729-00075970 problem
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00259-00075971-00076204 all these subroutines will then be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00260-00076205-00076435 stored in the machine and all one needs
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00261-00076436-00076675 to do is make a brief reference to them
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00262-00076676-00076897 by number as they are indicated in the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00263-00076898-00077290 coding K McNulty had worked closely with
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00264-00077291-00077548 John Mauchly on the ENIAC team and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00265-00077549-00077773 developed an idea for subroutines for
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00266-00077774-00078019 the ENIAC computer she was programming
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00267-00078020-00078388 in the late 1940s she and the other
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00268-00078389-00078661 ENIAC programmers used the subroutines
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00269-00078662-00078910 to help calculate missile trajectories
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00270-00078911-00079174 Goldstein and von Neumann wrote a paper
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00271-00079175-00079603 dated the 16th of August 1948 discussing
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00272-00079604-00079863 the usefulness of subroutines some very
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00273-00079864-00080125 early computers and micro processors
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00274-00080126-00080605 such as the IBM 1620 the Intel 8008 and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00275-00080606-00080863 the pic microcontrollers have a single
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00276-00080864-00081118 instruction subroutine call that uses
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00277-00081119-00081400 dedicated hardware stack to store return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00278-00081401-00081754 addresses such Hardware supports only a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00279-00081755-00082026 few levels of subroutine nesting but can
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00280-00082027-00082369 support recursive subroutines machines
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00281-00082370-00082615 before the mid-1960s
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00282-00082616-00082993 such as the UNIVAC AI the PDP one and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00283-00082994-00083382 the IBM 1130 typically use a calling
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00284-00083383-00083611 convention which saved the instruction
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00285-00083612-00083863 counter in the first memory location of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00286-00083864-00084132 the called subroutine this allows
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00287-00084133-00084403 arbitrarily deep levels of subroutine
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00288-00084404-00084649 nesting but does not support recursive
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00289-00084650-00085005 subroutines the pdp-11
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00290-00085006-00085321 1970 is one of the first computers with
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00291-00085322-00085525 a stack pushing subroutine call
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00292-00085526-00085786 instruction this feature supports both
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00293-00085787-00086053 arbitrarily deep subroutine nesting and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00294-00086054-00086801 also supports recursive subroutines
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00295-00086802-00087371 topic language support
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00296-00087372-00087683 in the very early assemblers subroutine
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00297-00087684-00087992 support was limited subroutines were not
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00298-00087993-00088262 explicitly separated from each other or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00299-00088263-00088484 from the main program and indeed the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00300-00088485-00088691 source code of a subroutine could be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00301-00088692-00088889 interspersed with that of other sub
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00302-00088890-00089207 programs some assemblers would offer
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00303-00089208-00089477 predefined macros to generate the call
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00304-00089478-00089884 and return sequences by the 1960s
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00305-00089885-00090134 assemblers usually had much more
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00306-00090135-00090398 sophisticated support for both inline
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00307-00090399-00090632 and separately assembled subroutines
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00308-00090633-00091285 that could be linked together
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00309-00091286-00091885 topic subroutine libraries
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00310-00091886-00092140 even with this cumbersome approach
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00311-00092141-00092488 subroutines proved very useful for one
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00312-00092489-00092723 thing they allowed use of the same code
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00313-00092724-00092959 in many different programs
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00314-00092960-00093250 moreover memory was a very scarce
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00315-00093251-00093469 resource on early computers and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00316-00093470-00093740 subroutines allowed significant savings
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00317-00093741-00094112 in the size of programs many early
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00318-00094113-00094294 computers loaded the program
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00319-00094295-00094541 instructions into memory from a punched
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00320-00094542-00094886 paper tape each subroutine could then be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00321-00094887-00095117 provided by a separate piece of tape
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00322-00095118-00095396 loaded or spliced before or after the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00323-00095397-00095762 main program or main line and the same
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00324-00095763-00095978 subroutine tape could then be used by
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00325-00095979-00096319 many different programs a similar
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00326-00096320-00096569 approach applied in computers which used
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00327-00096570-00096887 punched cards for their main input the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00328-00096888-00097169 name subroutine library originally meant
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00329-00097170-00097418 a library in the literal sense which
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00330-00097419-00097655 kept indexed collections of tapes or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00331-00097656-00098347 card decks for collective use
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00332-00098348-00098984 topic returned by indirect jump
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00333-00098985-00099215 to remove the need for self-modifying
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00334-00099216-00099533 code computer designers eventually
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00335-00099534-00099797 provided an indirect jump instruction
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00336-00099798-00100022 whose operand instead of being the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00337-00100023-00100271 return address itself was the location
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00338-00100272-00100550 of a variable or processor register
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00339-00100551-00100916 containing the return address on those
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00340-00100917-00101165 computers instead of modifying the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00341-00101166-00101408 subroutines return jump the calling
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00342-00101409-00101648 program would store the return address
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00343-00101649-00101837 in a variable so that when the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00344-00101838-00102089 subroutine completed it would execute an
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00345-00102090-00102284 indirect jump that would direct
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00346-00102285-00102539 execution to the location given by the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00347-00102540-00103186 predefined variable
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00348-00103188-00103755 topic jumped to subroutine
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00349-00103756-00103996 another advance was the jump to
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00350-00103997-00104232 subroutine instruction which combined
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00351-00104233-00104457 the saving of the return address with
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00352-00104458-00104685 the calling jump thereby minimizing
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00353-00104686-00105069 overhead significantly in the IBM
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00354-00105070-00105429 system/360 for example the branch
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00355-00105430-00105738 instructions bowel or B al are designed
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00356-00105739-00105951 for procedure calling would save the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00357-00105952-00106227 return address in a processor register
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00358-00106228-00106566 specified in the instruction to return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00359-00106567-00106836 the subroutine had only to execute an
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00360-00106837-00107131 indirect branch instruction BR through
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00361-00107132-00107463 that register if the subroutine needed
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00362-00107464-00107676 that register for some other purpose
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00363-00107677-00107913 such as calling another subroutine it
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00364-00107914-00108153 would save the registers contents to a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00365-00108154-00108421 private memory location or a register
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00366-00108422-00108990 stack in systems such as the HP 2100 the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00367-00108991-00109287 jsb instruction would perform a similar
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00368-00109288-00109560 task except that the return address was
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00369-00109561-00109797 stored in the memory location that was
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00370-00109798-00110139 the target of the branch execution of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00371-00110140-00110368 the procedure would actually begin at
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00372-00110369-00110840 the next memory location in the HP 2100
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00373-00110841-00111078 assembly language one would write for
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00374-00111079-00111349 example
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00375-00111350-00112161 jsb my su B calls subroutine my su b b b
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00376-00112163-00112624 will return here after my su b is done
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00377-00112625-00113035 to call a subroutine call my su b from
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00378-00113036-00113353 the main program the subroutine would be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00379-00113354-00113509 coded as
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00380-00113510-00114014 my SUV NOP storage for my su bees return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00381-00114015-00114199 address
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00382-00114200-00114894 double-a start of my su bees body
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00383-00114895-00115341 JMP mys ub i returns to the calling
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00384-00115342-00115760 program the jsb instruction placed the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00385-00115761-00116009 address of the next instruction namely
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00386-00116010-00116336 BB into the location specified as its
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00387-00116338-00116754 operand namely mys UB and then branch to
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00388-00116755-00116982 the next location after that namely
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00389-00116983-00117429 double A equals mys ub + 1 the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00390-00117430-00117648 subroutine could then return to the main
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00391-00117649-00117939 program by executing the indirect jump
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00392-00117940-00118293 JMP mys ub i which branch to the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00393-00118294-00118751 location stored at location mys UB
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00394-00118752-00118985 compilers for Fortran and other
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00395-00118986-00119226 languages could easily make use of these
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00396-00119227-00119421 instructions when available
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00397-00119422-00119745 this approach supported multiple levels
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00398-00119746-00119997 of calls however since the return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00399-00119998-00120311 address parameters and return values of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00400-00120313-00120536 a subroutine were assigned fixed memory
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00401-00120538-00120825 locations it did not allow for recursive
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00402-00120826-00121251 calls incidentally a similar method was
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00403-00121252-00121661 used by Lotus 1-2-3 in the early 1980s
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00404-00121663-00121853 to discover the recalculation
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00405-00121854-00122217 dependencies in a spreadsheet namely a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00406-00122218-00122478 location was reserved in each cell to
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00407-00122479-00122829 store the return address since circular
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00408-00122830-00123065 references are not allowed for natural
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00409-00123066-00123327 recalculation order this allows a tree
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00410-00123328-00123584 walk without reserving space for a stack
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00411-00123585-00123831 in memory which was very limited on
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00412-00123832-00124638 small computers such as the IBM PC
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00413-00124639-00125179 topic call stack
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00414-00125180-00125455 most modern implementations of a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00415-00125456-00125719 subroutine call use a call stack a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00416-00125720-00125971 special case of the stack data structure
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00417-00125972-00126214 to implement subroutine calls and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00418-00126215-00126583 returns each procedure call creates a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00419-00126583-00126838 new entry called a stack frame at the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00420-00126839-00127042 top of the stack when the procedure
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00421-00127043-00127318 returns its stack frame is deleted from
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00422-00127319-00127573 the stack and it's space may be used for
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00423-00127574-00127939 other procedure calls each stack frame
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00424-00127940-00128152 contains the private data of the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00425-00128153-00128398 corresponding call which typically
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00426-00128399-00128644 includes the procedures parameters and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00427-00128645-00128859 internal variables and the return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00428-00128860-00129202 address the call sequence can be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00429-00129203-00129442 implemented by a sequence of ordinary
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00430-00129443-00129715 instructions an approach still used in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00431-00129716-00129979 reduced instruction set computing risk
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00432-00129980-00130334 and very long instruction word V liw
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00433-00130335-00130582 architectures but many traditional
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00434-00130583-00130867 machines designed since the late 1960s
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00435-00130868-00131152 have included special instructions for
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00436-00131153-00131545 that purpose the call stack is usually
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00437-00131546-00131797 implemented as a contiguous area of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00438-00131798-00132160 memory it is an arbitrary design choice
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00439-00132161-00132373 whether the bottom of the stack is the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00440-00132374-00132619 lowest or highest address within this
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00441-00132620-00132898 area so that the stack may grow forwards
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00442-00132899-00133165 or backwards in memory however many
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00443-00133166-00133408 architectures chose the latter some
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00444-00133409-00133620 designs notably some fourth
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00445-00133621-00133906 implementations used to separate stacks
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00446-00133907-00134188 one mainly for control information like
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00447-00134189-00134440 return addresses and loop counters and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00448-00134441-00134752 the other for data the former was or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00449-00134753-00135001 worked like a call stack and was only
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00450-00135002-00135238 indirectly accessible to the programmer
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00451-00135239-00135469 through other language constructs while
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00452-00135470-00135762 the latter was more directly accessible
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00453-00135763-00136084 when stack based procedure calls were
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00454-00136085-00136351 first introduced an important motivation
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00455-00136352-00136681 was to save precious memory with this
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00456-00136682-00136915 scheme the compiler does not have to
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00457-00136916-00137170 reserve separate space in memory for the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00458-00137171-00137467 private data parameters return address
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00459-00137468-00137857 and local variables of each procedure at
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00460-00137858-00138127 any moment the stack contains only the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00461-00138128-00138328 private data of the calls that are
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00462-00138329-00138541 currently active namely which
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00463-00138542-00138783 been called but haven't returned yet
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00464-00138784-00139072 because of the ways in which programs
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00465-00139073-00139351 were usually assembled from libraries it
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00466-00139352-00139600 was and still is not uncommon to find
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00467-00139601-00139831 programs that include thousands of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00468-00139832-00140101 subroutines of which only a handful are
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00469-00140102-00140416 active at any given moment for such
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00470-00140417-00140698 programs the call stack mechanism could
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00471-00140699-00140961 save significant amounts of memory
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00472-00140962-00141280 indeed the call stack mechanism can be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00473-00141281-00141490 viewed as the earliest and simplest
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00474-00141491-00141795 method for automatic memory management
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00475-00141796-00142114 however another advantage of the call
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00476-00142115-00142384 stack method is that it allows recursive
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00477-00142385-00142651 subroutine calls since each nested call
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00478-00142652-00142879 to the same procedure gets a separate
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00479-00142880-00143554 instance of its private data
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00480-00143555-00144133 topic delayed stacking
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00481-00144134-00144366 one disadvantage of the call stack
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00482-00144367-00144631 mechanism as the increased cost of a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00483-00144632-00144894 procedure call and it's matching return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00484-00144895-00145254 the extra cost includes incrementing and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00485-00145255-00145479 decrementing the stack pointer and in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00486-00145480-00145737 some architectures checking for stack
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00487-00145738-00145969 overflow and accessing the local
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00488-00145970-00146206 variables and parameters by frame
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00489-00146207-00146457 relative addresses instead of absolute
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00490-00146458-00146845 addresses the cost may be realized in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00491-00146846-00147111 increased execution time or increased
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00492-00147112-00147498 processor complexity or both this
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00493-00147499-00147709 overhead as most obvious and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00494-00147710-00147975 objectionable in leaf procedures or leaf
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00495-00147976-00148219 functions which return without making
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00496-00148220-00148609 any procedure calls themselves to reduce
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00497-00148610-00148906 that overhead many modern compilers try
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00498-00148907-00149148 to delay the use of the call stack until
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00499-00149149-00149499 it is really needed for example the call
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00500-00149500-00149751 of a procedure P may store the return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00501-00149752-00149985 address and parameters of the called
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00502-00149986-00150264 procedure in certain processor registers
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00503-00150265-00150523 and transfer control to the procedures
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00504-00150524-00150895 body by a simple jump if procedure P
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00505-00150896-00151128 returns without making any other call
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00506-00151129-00151524 the call stack is not used at all if P
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00507-00151525-00151776 needs to call another procedure Q it
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00508-00151777-00152020 will then use the call stack to save the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00509-00152021-00152281 contents of any registers such as the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00510-00152282-00152509 return address that will be needed after
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00511-00152510-00153153 Q returns topic C and C++ examples in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00512-00153154-00153508 the C and C++ programming languages sub
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00513-00153509-00153745 programs are termed functions further
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00514-00153746-00153990 classified as member functions when
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00515-00153991-00154236 associated with a class or free
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00516-00154237-00154578 functions when not these languages use
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00517-00154579-00154822 the special keyword void to indicate
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00518-00154823-00155064 that a function takes no parameters
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00519-00155065-00155347 especially in C or does not return any
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00520-00155348-00155790 value note that C C++ functions can have
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00521-00155791-00156039 side effects including modifying any
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00522-00156040-00156303 variables whose addresses are passed as
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00523-00156304-00156662 parameters ie passed by reference
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00524-00156663-00156943 examples the function does not return a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00525-00156944-00157140 value and has to be called as a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00526-00157141-00157357 standalone function eg
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00527-00157358-00157501 function 1
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00528-00157502-00157702 this function returns a result the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00529-00157703-00157963 number 5 and the call can be part of an
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00530-00157964-00158404 expression eg X plus function to this
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00531-00158405-00158746 function converts a number between 0 & 6
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00532-00158747-00158929 into the initial letter of the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00533-00158930-00159211 corresponding day of the week namely 0
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00534-00159212-00159745 to s 1 to M 6 to s the result of calling
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00535-00159746-00160045 it might be assigned to a variable eg
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00536-00160046-00160348 num underscore day equals function 3
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00537-00160349-00160696 number this function does not return a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00538-00160697-00160762 value
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00539-00160763-00160996 but modifies the variable whose address
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00540-00160997-00161272 is passed as the parameter it would be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00541-00161273-00161515 called with function for and variable
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00542-00161516-00162246 underscore to underscore increment
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00543-00162247-00162902 topic smallbasic example
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00544-00162903-00163235 in the example above example calls the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00545-00163236-00163436 subroutine to define the actual
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00546-00163437-00163706 subroutine the sub keyword must be used
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00547-00163707-00163987 with the subroutine name following sub
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00548-00163988-00164465 after content has followed n sub must be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00549-00164466-00164995 typed
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00550-00164996-00165711 topic visual basic six examples
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00551-00165712-00166029 in the visual basic six language sub
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00552-00166030-00166314 programs are termed functions or subs or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00553-00166315-00166625 methods when associated with a class
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00554-00166626-00166998 Visual Basic 6 uses various terms called
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00555-00166999-00167253 types to define what is being passed as
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00556-00167254-00167615 a parameter by default an unspecified
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00557-00167616-00167919 variable is registered as a variant type
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00558-00167920-00168195 and can be passed as by ref default or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00559-00168196-00168597 by Val also when a function or sub is
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00560-00168598-00168891 declared it is given a public private or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00561-00168892-00169143 friend designation which determines
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00562-00169144-00169338 whether it can be accessed outside the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00563-00169339-00169599 module or project that it was declared
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00564-00169600-00170049 in by value by Val a way of passing the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00565-00170050-00170301 value of an argument to a procedure by
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00566-00170302-00170577 passing a copy of the value instead of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00567-00170578-00170919 passing the address as a result the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00568-00170920-00171195 variables actual value can't be changed
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00569-00171196-00171482 by the procedure to which it is passed
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00570-00171483-00171849 by reference by ref a way of passing the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00571-00171850-00172104 value of an argument to a procedure by
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00572-00172105-00172289 passing an address of the variable
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00573-00172290-00172616 instead of passing a copy of its value
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00574-00172617-00172941 this allows the procedure to access the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00575-00172942-00173229 actual variable as a result the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00576-00173230-00173520 variables actual value can be changed by
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00577-00173521-00173771 the procedure to which it is passed
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00578-00173772-00174117 unless otherwise specified arguments are
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00579-00174118-00174501 passed by reference public optional
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00580-00174502-00174750 indicates that the function procedure is
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00581-00174751-00174990 accessible to all other procedures in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00582-00174991-00175329 all modules if used in a module that
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00583-00175330-00175602 contains an option private the procedure
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00584-00175603-00175937 is not available outside the project
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00585-00175938-00176223 private optional indicates that the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00586-00176224-00176481 function procedure is accessible only to
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00587-00176482-00176733 other procedures in the module where it
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00588-00176734-00177168 is declared friend optional used only in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00589-00177169-00177444 a class module indicates that the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00590-00177445-00177678 function procedure is visible throughout
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00591-00177679-00177774 the project
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00592-00177775-00178002 but not visible to a controller of an
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00593-00178003-00178365 instance of an object the function does
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00594-00178366-00178605 not return a value and has to be called
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00595-00178606-00178997 as a standalone function eg function 1
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00596-00178998-00179304 this function returns a result the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00597-00179305-00179559 number 5 and the call can be part of an
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00598-00179560-00180039 expression eg X plus function to this
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00599-00180040-00180378 function converts a number between 0 & 6
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00600-00180379-00180564 into the initial letter of the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00601-00180565-00180843 corresponding day of the week namely 0
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00602-00180844-00181587 to M 1 to t-62s the result of calling it
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00603-00181588-00181914 might be assigned to a variable eg num
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00604-00181915-00182291 underscore day equals function 3 number
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00605-00182292-00182586 this function does not return a value
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00606-00182587-00182853 but modifies the variable whose address
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00607-00182854-00183123 has passed as the parameter it would be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00608-00183124-00183405 called with function for variable
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00609-00183406-00184174 underscore to underscore increment
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00610-00184175-00184800 topic place I example
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00611-00184801-00185145 in place I a called procedure maybe past
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00612-00185146-00185409 a descriptor providing information about
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00613-00185410-00185646 the argument such as string lengths and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00614-00185647-00185970 array bounds this allows the procedure
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00615-00185971-00186203 to be more general and eliminates the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00616-00186204-00186426 need for the programmer to pass such
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00617-00186427-00186803 information by default place I passes
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00618-00186804-00187086 arguments by reference a trivial
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00619-00187087-00187302 subroutine to change the sign of each
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00620-00187303-00187565 element of a two-dimensional array might
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00621-00187566-00187881 look like change underscore sign
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00622-00187882-00188366 procedure array declare array asterisk
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00623-00188367-00188600 asterisk float
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00624-00188601-00189040 array equals array end change underscore
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00625-00189041-00189386 sign this could be called with various
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00626-00189387-00189589 arrays as follows
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00627-00189590-00189926 asterisk first array bounds from minus 5
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00628-00189927-00190478 2 + 100 + 3 - 9 asterisk declare array 1
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00629-00190479-00191075 - 5 to 10 3 to 9 float asterisk second
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00630-00191076-00191426 array bounds from 1 to 16 + 1 to 16
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00631-00191427-00191593 asterisk
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00632-00191594-00192172 declare array to 1616 float call change
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00633-00192173-00192592 underscore sign array one call change
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00634-00192593-00193261 underscore sign array to
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00635-00193262-00193654 topic local variables recursion and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00636-00193655-00194108 re-entrant see
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00637-00194109-00194420 a subprogram may find it useful to make
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00638-00194421-00194657 use of a certain amount of scratch space
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00639-00194658-00194969 that is memory used during the execution
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00640-00194970-00195212 of that sub program to hold intermediate
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00641-00195213-00195569 results variables stored in this scratch
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00642-00195570-00195857 space are termed local variables and the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00643-00195858-00196070 scratch space is termed an activation
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00644-00196071-00196448 record an activation record typically
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00645-00196449-00196697 has a return address that tells it where
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00646-00196698-00196919 to pass control back to when the sub
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00647-00196920-00197312 program finishes a sub program may have
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00648-00197313-00197596 any number in nature of call sites if
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00649-00197597-00197909 recursion is supported a sub program may
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00650-00197910-00198176 even call itself causing its execution
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00651-00198177-00198386 to suspend while another nested
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00652-00198387-00198745 execution of the same sub program occurs
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00653-00198746-00199046 recursion as a useful means to simplify
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00654-00199047-00199301 some complex algorithms and break down
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00655-00199302-00199694 complex problems recursive languages
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00656-00199695-00199961 generally provide a new copy of local
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00657-00199962-00200312 variables on each call if the programmer
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00658-00200313-00200609 desires the value of local variables to
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00659-00200610-00200849 stay the same between calls they can be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00660-00200850-00201092 declared static in some languages or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00661-00201093-00201365 global values or common areas can be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00662-00201366-00201725 used here is an example of recursive
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00663-00201726-00202076 subroutine in C C++ to find Fibonacci
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00664-00202077-00202502 numbers early languages like Fortran did
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00665-00202503-00202727 not initially support recursion because
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00666-00202728-00203006 variables were statically allocated as
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00667-00203007-00203225 well as the location for the return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00668-00203226-00203617 address most computers before the late
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00669-00203618-00203969 1960s such as the PDP 8 did not have
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00670-00203970-00204215 support for hardware stack registers
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00671-00204216-00204518 modern languages after algal such as
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00672-00204519-00204812 place 1 and c almost invariably use a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00673-00204813-00205088 stack usually supported by most modern
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00674-00205089-00205348 computer instruction sets to provide a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00675-00205350-00205573 fresh activation record for every
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00676-00205575-00205964 execution of a sub program that way the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00677-00205965-00206242 nested execution is free to modify its
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00678-00206244-00206494 local variables without concern for the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00679-00206496-00206765 effect on other suspended executions in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00680-00206766-00207142 progress as nested calls accumulate a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00681-00207144-00207338 call stack structure is formed
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00682-00207339-00207503 consisting of 1
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00683-00207504-00207748 to vation record for each suspended sub
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00684-00207750-00208112 program in fact this stack structure is
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00685-00208113-00208394 virtually ubiquitous and so activation
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00686-00208394-00208735 records are commonly termed stack frames
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00687-00208736-00209075 some languages such as Pascal and ADA
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00688-00209076-00209363 also support nested sub routines which
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00689-00209364-00209621 are subroutines callable only within the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00690-00209621-00209890 scope of an outer parent subroutine
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00691-00209891-00210196 inner subroutines have access to the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00692-00210198-00210452 local variables of the outer subroutine
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00693-00210453-00210742 that called them this is accomplished by
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00694-00210744-00211025 storing extra context information within
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00695-00211026-00211283 the activation record also termed a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00696-00211284-00211667 display if a sub program can be executed
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00697-00211667-00211976 properly even when another execution of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00698-00211977-00212201 the same sub program as already in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00699-00212202-00212483 progress that sub program is said to be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00700-00212484-00212867 reentrant a recursive subprogram must be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00701-00212867-00213164 reentrant reentrant sub programs are
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00702-00213165-00213473 also useful in multi-threaded situations
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00703-00213473-00213728 since multiple threads can call the same
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00704-00213729-00213983 sub program without fear of interfering
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00705-00213984-00214366 with each other in the IBM CICS
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00706-00214367-00214667 transaction processing system quasi
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00707-00214667-00214862 reentrant was a slightly less
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00708-00214863-00215141 restrictive but similar requirement for
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00709-00215142-00215390 application programs that were shared by
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00710-00215391-00215692 many threads in a multi-threaded
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00711-00215694-00215966 environment there is generally more than
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00712-00215967-00216308 one stack an environment that fully
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00713-00216309-00216541 supports co-routines or lazy evaluation
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00714-00216542-00216830 may use data structures other than
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00715-00216831-00217615 stacks to store their activation records
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00716-00217616-00218173 topic overloading
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00717-00218173-00218442 in strongly typed languages it is
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00718-00218444-00218707 sometimes desirable to have a number of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00719-00218708-00218905 functions with the same name but
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00720-00218906-00219159 operating on different types of data or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00721-00219160-00219498 with different parameter profiles for
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00722-00219500-00219769 example a square root function might be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00723-00219769-00220051 defined to operate on Rails complex
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00724-00220052-00220419 values or matrices the algorithm to be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00725-00220421-00220654 used in each case is different and the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00726-00220655-00220948 return result may be different by
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00727-00220948-00221173 writing three separate functions with
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00728-00221173-00221398 the same name the programmer has the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00729-00221398-00221596 convenience of not having to remember
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00730-00221596-00221867 different names for each type of data
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00731-00221869-00222178 further if a subtype can be defined for
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00732-00222179-00222439 the rails to separate positive and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00733-00222440-00222694 negative rails two functions can be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00734-00222694-00222909 written for the rails when to return a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00735-00222910-00223162 real when the parameter is positive and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00736-00223163-00223441 another to return a complex value when
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00737-00223442-00223728 the parameter is negative in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00738-00223729-00223971 object-oriented programming when a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00739-00223973-00224206 series of functions with the same name
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00740-00224207-00224476 can accept different parameter profiles
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00741-00224477-00224752 or parameters of different types each of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00742-00224753-00225021 the functions is said to be overloaded
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00743-00225021-00225307 here is an example of subroutine
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00744-00225308-00225610 overloading in C++
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00745-00225611-00225846 in this code there are two functions of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00746-00225848-00226012 same name but they have different
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00747-00226013-00226396 parameters as another example a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00748-00226396-00226600 subroutine might construct an object
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00749-00226601-00226861 that will accept directions and trace
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00750-00226862-00227179 its path to these points on screen there
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00751-00227180-00227413 are a plethora of parameters that could
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00752-00227414-00227662 be passed into the constructor color of
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00753-00227663-00227913 the trace starting x and y coordinates
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00754-00227914-00228328 trace speed if the programmer wanted the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00755-00228329-00228553 constructor to be able to accept only
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00756-00228554-00228796 the color parameter then he could call
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00757-00228796-00229012 another constructor that accepts only
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00758-00229013-00229228 color which in turn calls the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00759-00229229-00229426 constructor with all the parameters
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00760-00229427-00229681 passing in a set of default values for
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00761-00229682-00229978 all the other parameters x and y would
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00762-00229979-00230196 generally be centered on screen or
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00763-00230198-00230434 placed at the origin and the speed would
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00764-00230435-00230659 be set to another value of the coders
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00765-00230660-00231237 choosing
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00766-00231238-00231788 topic closures
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00767-00231789-00232096 a closure as a subprogram together with
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00768-00232098-00232313 the values of some of its variables
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00769-00232314-00232514 captured from the environment in which
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00770-00232515-00232681 it was created
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00771-00232682-00232964 closures were a notable feature of the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00772-00232965-00233225 Lisp programming language introduced by
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00773-00233226-00233525 John McCarthy depending on the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00774-00233526-00233777 implementation closures can serve as a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00775-00233778-00234492 mechanism for side-effects
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00776-00234492-00235067 topic conventions
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00777-00235069-00235326 a wide number of conventions for the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00778-00235327-00235512 coding of subroutines have been
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00779-00235513-00235788 developed pertaining to their naming
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00780-00235789-00236031 many developers have adopted the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00781-00236032-00236229 approach that the name of a subroutine
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00782-00236230-00236454 should be a verb when it does a certain
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00783-00236455-00236703 task an adjective when it makes some
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00784-00236704-00236940 inquiry and a noun when it is used to
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00785-00236941-00237321 substitute variables some programmers
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00786-00237321-00237567 suggest that a subroutine should perform
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00787-00237567-00237861 only one task and if a subroutine does
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00788-00237862-00238116 perform more than one task it should be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00789-00238117-00238329 split up into more subroutines
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00790-00238330-00238623 they argue that subroutines are key
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00791-00238623-00238866 components in code maintenance and their
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00792-00238867-00239055 roles in the program must remain
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00793-00239056-00239400 distinct proponents of modular
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00794-00239401-00239709 programming modularizing code advocate
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00795-00239710-00239919 that each subroutine should have minimal
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00796-00239919-00240279 dependency on other pieces of code for
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00797-00240280-00240573 example the use of global variables as
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00798-00240573-00240858 generally deemed unwise by advocates for
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00799-00240859-00241071 this perspective because it adds tight
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00800-00241071-00241266 coupling between the subroutine and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00801-00241267-00241638 these global variables if such coupling
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00802-00241639-00241878 is not necessary there advices to
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00803-00241879-00242139 refactor subroutines to accept passed
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00804-00242140-00242532 parameters instead however increasing
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00805-00242533-00242736 the number of parameters passed to
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00806-00242737-00243492 subroutines can affect code readability
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00807-00243492-00244067 topic return codes
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00808-00244069-00244358 besides its main or normal effect a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00809-00244359-00244559 subroutine may need to inform the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00810-00244560-00244778 calling program about exceptional
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00811-00244779-00244973 conditions that may have occurred during
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00812-00244975-00245321 its execution in some languages and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00813-00245323-00245582 programming standards this is often done
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00814-00245583-00245828 through a return code an integer value
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00815-00245829-00246051 placed by the subroutine in some
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00816-00246052-00246284 standard location which encodes the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00817-00246285-00246659 normal and exceptional conditions in the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00818-00246660-00247094 IBM system/360 where a return code was
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00819-00247096-00247344 expected from the subroutine the return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00820-00247344-00247551 value was often designed to be a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00821-00247552-00247815 multiple of four so that it could be
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00822-00247816-00248142 used as a direct branch table index into
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00823-00248142-00248427 a branch table often located immediately
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00824-00248428-00248633 after the call instruction to avoid
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00825-00248634-00248867 extra conditional tests further
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00826-00248869-00249292 improving efficiency in the system/360
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00827-00249294-00249557 assembly language one would write for
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00828-00249558-00250130 example Val 14s you BRT no.1 goto
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00829-00250131-00250565 subroutine storing return address in our
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00830-00250566-00250998 14b table 15 use returned value in reg
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00831-00250998-00251435 15 to index the branch table asterisk
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00832-00251436-00251667 branching to the appropriate branch in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00833-00251667-00251865 star
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00834-00251866-00252344 table B ok return code equals o oh good
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00835-00252344-00252776 B bad return code equals o for invalid
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00836-00252777-00253009 input branch table
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00837-00253010-00253396 B error return code equals o8 unexpected
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00838-00253396-00253889 condition
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00839-00253890-00254636 topic optimization of subroutine calls
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00840-00254637-00254885 there is a significant runtime overhead
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00841-00254886-00255158 into calling a subroutine including
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00842-00255159-00255386 passing the arguments branching to the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00843-00255387-00255614 sub program and branching back to the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00844-00255615-00255929 caller the overhead often includes
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00845-00255930-00256208 saving and restoring certain processor
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00846-00256209-00256492 registers allocating and reclaiming call
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00847-00256494-00256907 frame storage etc in some languages each
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00848-00256908-00257216 subroutine call also implies automatic
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00849-00257217-00257465 testing of the subroutines return code
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00850-00257466-00257705 or the handling of exceptions that it
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00851-00257706-00258107 may raise in object-oriented languages a
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00852-00258108-00258353 significant source of overhead as the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00853-00258354-00258638 intensively used dynamic dispatch for
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00854-00258639-00258967 method calls there are some seemingly
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00855-00258969-00259273 obvious optimizations of procedure calls
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00856-00259275-00259529 that cannot be applied if the procedures
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00857-00259530-00259907 may have side-effects for example in the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00858-00259908-00260180 expression FX minus 1
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00859-00260181-00260542 FX plus 1 the function f must be called
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00860-00260544-00260813 twice because the two calls may return
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00861-00260814-00260977 different results
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00862-00260978-00261308 moreover the value of x must be fetched
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00863-00261309-00261551 again before the second call since the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00864-00261552-00261798 first call may have changed it
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00865-00261800-00262052 determining whether a subprogram may
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00866-00262053-00262259 have a side-effect as very difficult
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00867-00262260-00262628 indeed undecidable so while those
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00868-00262629-00262862 optimizations are safe in purely
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00869-00262863-00263075 functional programming languages
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00870-00263076-00263309 compilers of typical imperative
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00871-00263310-00263546 programming usually have to assume the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00872-00263547-00264089 worst
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00873-00264090-00264603 topic in the lining
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00874-00264604-00264894 a method used to eliminate this overhead
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00875-00264895-00265176 as inline expansion or in lining of the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00876-00265177-00265428 sub-programs body at each call site
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00877-00265429-00265659 versus branching to the subroutine and
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00878-00265660-00265977 back not only does this avoid the call
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00879-00265978-00266250 overhead but it also allows the compiler
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00880-00266251-00266493 to optimize the procedures body more
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00881-00266494-00266739 effectively by taking into account the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00882-00266740-00267075 context and arguments at that call the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00883-00267076-00267327 inserted body can be optimized by the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00884-00267328-00267687 compiler inlining however will usually
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00885-00267688-00267918 increase the code size unless the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00886-00267919-00268161 program contains only one call to the
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00887-00268162-00268410 subroutine or the subroutine body as
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00888-00268411-00269128 less code than the call overhead
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00889-00269129-00269979 topic see also function mathematics
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00890-00269980-00270439 method computer programming evaluation
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00891-00270440-00270879 strategy modular programming
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00892-00270880-00271116 transclusion
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00893-00271117-00271464 operator overloading functional
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00894-00271465-00271653 programming
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00895-00271654-00272037 command query separation co-routines
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00896-00272038-00272319 sub-programs that call each other as if
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00897-00272320-00272652 both were the main programs event
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00898-00272653-00272919 handler a sub program that is called in
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00899-00272920-00273297 response to an input event or interrupt
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00900-00273298-00273570 asynchronous procedure call a sub
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00901-00273571-00273756 program that is called after its
+i3ZOWgnVWXc-00902-00273757-00274176 parameters are set by other activities
+i41F_EdYsLg-00000-00000003-00000403 with the recording on alright hello
+i41F_EdYsLg-00001-00000404-00000746 so my name is Otto and I'm here to talk
+i41F_EdYsLg-00002-00000747-00000979 about WordPress security so we just
+i41F_EdYsLg-00003-00000980-00001244 heard a talk about WordPress performance
+i41F_EdYsLg-00004-00001245-00001474 that's something people are quite often
+i41F_EdYsLg-00005-00001475-00001732 interested in and security is another
+i41F_EdYsLg-00006-00001734-00002467 very common topic around WordPress so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00007-00002468-00002783 I'm the CEO for a company called set OVA
+i41F_EdYsLg-00008-00002784-00003098 and from Finland and I have a very
+i41F_EdYsLg-00009-00003099-00003415 strong Linux and open source background
+i41F_EdYsLg-00010-00003417-00003938 I've contributed many of the software in
+i41F_EdYsLg-00011-00003939-00004163 the I've contributed to WordPress core
+i41F_EdYsLg-00012-00004164-00004454 but also to many of the other pieces of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00013-00004455-00005002 software used in the WordPress stack and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00014-00005003-00005345 it's kind of partially my hobby to go go
+i41F_EdYsLg-00015-00005346-00005600 around toward word camps and educate
+i41F_EdYsLg-00016-00005601-00005829 people and best practices around
+i41F_EdYsLg-00017-00005830-00006392 performance and security and some of you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00018-00006393-00006598 might have seen my talk on WordPress
+i41F_EdYsLg-00019-00006600-00006878 security 101 I've had that a pretty many
+i41F_EdYsLg-00020-00006879-00007255 world camps and that is about how to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00021-00007256-00007684 what what what to do to make your
+i41F_EdYsLg-00022-00007686-00007916 WordPress site secure because there's
+i41F_EdYsLg-00023-00007917-00008231 quite a lot of false advice out there if
+i41F_EdYsLg-00024-00008232-00008552 you google for WordPress security you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00025-00008553-00008780 will quite easily end up on sites saying
+i41F_EdYsLg-00026-00008781-00008984 that install these ten plugins and then
+i41F_EdYsLg-00027-00008985-00009299 your secure and that's usually false
+i41F_EdYsLg-00028-00009300-00009602 advice so I recommend you check out that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00029-00009603-00009830 talk it's on WordPress TV and if you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00030-00009831-00010088 search for my name on WordPress TV you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00031-00010089-00010267 will probably find lots of other
+i41F_EdYsLg-00032-00010268-00010616 interesting talks as well but today I'm
+i41F_EdYsLg-00033-00010617-00010789 not going to talk about how to secure
+i41F_EdYsLg-00034-00010790-00011105 your WordPress site today I'm going to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00035-00011106-00011374 talk about what happens when your
+i41F_EdYsLg-00036-00011375-00011599 WordPress site has been hacked when
+i41F_EdYsLg-00037-00011600-00011988 there is a security breach and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00038-00011989-00012203 specifically about the case that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00039-00012204-00012638 happened exactly a year ago on November
+i41F_EdYsLg-00040-00012639-00012994 9th so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00041-00012996-00013301 our company is focused on doing upkeep
+i41F_EdYsLg-00042-00013302-00013487 for WordPress sites it means that we're
+i41F_EdYsLg-00043-00013488-00013691 a hosting company but but we're more
+i41F_EdYsLg-00044-00013691-00013922 than that we also monitor all of our
+i41F_EdYsLg-00045-00013922-00014156 customer sites 24/7 we take care of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00046-00014157-00014761 caching and backups and security and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00047-00014762-00015071 included in our upkeep is that we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00048-00015072-00015238 guarantee that if a site gets hacked
+i41F_EdYsLg-00049-00015240-00015619 while we maintain it then we will also
+i41F_EdYsLg-00050-00015621-00015860 clean it up for free so then that's a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00051-00015861-00016061 pretty good guarantee for customers that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00052-00016062-00016280 they know that we take security
+i41F_EdYsLg-00053-00016281-00016496 seriously because if we need to clean up
+i41F_EdYsLg-00054-00016497-00016769 a site and we won't make any profit for
+i41F_EdYsLg-00055-00016770-00017279 it for many years and this story is
+i41F_EdYsLg-00056-00017280-00017507 about one of our customers who got
+i41F_EdYsLg-00057-00017508-00017753 hacked and how we how we cleaned it how
+i41F_EdYsLg-00058-00017754-00018020 we investigated it and how we cleaned up
+i41F_EdYsLg-00059-00018021-00018377 the site how many of your you have
+i41F_EdYsLg-00060-00018378-00018602 experienced that your WordPress site has
+i41F_EdYsLg-00061-00018603-00019079 been hacked well that's way too many I
+i41F_EdYsLg-00062-00019080-00019301 hope you have lots of WordPress sites
+i41F_EdYsLg-00063-00019302-00019667 and that's the reason yeah but
+i41F_EdYsLg-00064-00019668-00019979 unfortunately it happens WordPress has
+i41F_EdYsLg-00065-00019980-00020411 historically not such a good security
+i41F_EdYsLg-00066-00020412-00020669 record nowadays WordPress core is very
+i41F_EdYsLg-00067-00020670-00020903 good and very secure it has a big
+i41F_EdYsLg-00068-00020904-00021404 security team but there are like 60,000
+i41F_EdYsLg-00069-00021405-00021680 plugins out there and most of the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00070-00021681-00021934 security issues nowadays are because of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00071-00021935-00022255 vulnerabilities in the plugins and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00072-00022256-00022463 WordPress is very popular and the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00073-00022464-00022685 plugins are very popular there's lots of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00074-00022686-00022900 people attacking WordPress sites so I
+i41F_EdYsLg-00075-00022901-00023177 don't expect the security issues to go
+i41F_EdYsLg-00076-00023178-00023657 away but luckily there are good ways to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00077-00023658-00024239 protect yourself against and however
+i41F_EdYsLg-00078-00024240-00024623 despite all the protection you might
+i41F_EdYsLg-00079-00024624-00024854 need to be mentally prepared that one
+i41F_EdYsLg-00080-00024855-00025112 day somewhere some WordPress site will
+i41F_EdYsLg-00081-00025113-00025658 be hacked anyway right so this is story
+i41F_EdYsLg-00082-00025658-00026063 about a Friday a year ago luckily it
+i41F_EdYsLg-00083-00026064-00026337 wasn't Friday the 13th but
+i41F_EdYsLg-00084-00026338-00026761 it was a Friday and since we're
+i41F_EdYsLg-00085-00026762-00026940 monitoring all of our customer sites
+i41F_EdYsLg-00086-00026941-00027471 24/7 we got some alerts and it was an
+i41F_EdYsLg-00087-00027472-00027615 interesting thing because there was four
+i41F_EdYsLg-00088-00027616-00027864 sites that stopped working so we have
+i41F_EdYsLg-00089-00027865-00028092 this monitoring that is specific for
+i41F_EdYsLg-00090-00028093-00028351 WordPress we just don't it's not enough
+i41F_EdYsLg-00091-00028352-00028542 to just ping the server that it's up
+i41F_EdYsLg-00092-00028543-00028746 we specifically test that the WordPress
+i41F_EdYsLg-00093-00028747-00029029 site is running and and it has a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00094-00029030-00029236 sensible content and the heartbeat is
+i41F_EdYsLg-00095-00029237-00029520 working and so on and we got these four
+i41F_EdYsLg-00096-00029521-00029839 alerts within five minutes from four
+i41F_EdYsLg-00097-00029839-00030201 different sites and this was very
+i41F_EdYsLg-00098-00030202-00030489 suspicious because all of these sites
+i41F_EdYsLg-00099-00030490-00030817 were completely separate sites and most
+i41F_EdYsLg-00100-00030818-00031083 of them were in separate cloud
+i41F_EdYsLg-00101-00031084-00031401 environments and clusters but they all
+i41F_EdYsLg-00102-00031402-00031724 belonged to the same owner so it was a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00103-00031725-00032104 news agency that owns several newspapers
+i41F_EdYsLg-00104-00032105-00032565 and and four of their sites went down
+i41F_EdYsLg-00105-00032566-00033304 within five minutes so our staff went in
+i41F_EdYsLg-00106-00033305-00033486 to look at the site why isn't it working
+i41F_EdYsLg-00107-00033487-00033904 as it's expected to work and what
+i41F_EdYsLg-00108-00033905-00034083 quickly found out that somebody had
+i41F_EdYsLg-00109-00034084-00034470 changed the site ural setting on that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00110-00034471-00034515 site
+i41F_EdYsLg-00111-00034516-00034770 how many of you know what the site URL
+i41F_EdYsLg-00112-00034771-00035280 setting is some of you yeah how many of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00113-00035281-00035599 you are familiar with VP CLI here is an
+i41F_EdYsLg-00114-00035600-00035860 example of how you can use VP CLI to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00115-00035861-00036237 check out the site URL setting so the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00116-00036238-00036393 site URL setting is a setting in
+i41F_EdYsLg-00117-00036394-00036582 WordPress which defines which it tells
+i41F_EdYsLg-00118-00036583-00036829 to the WordPress site itself that what
+i41F_EdYsLg-00119-00036830-00037261 address is it residing at and for some
+i41F_EdYsLg-00120-00037262-00037467 reason all of these sites got this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00121-00037468-00037798 address updated in that setting and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00122-00037799-00037999 obviously they stopped working because
+i41F_EdYsLg-00123-00038000-00038295 they started redirecting visitors to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00124-00038296-00038620 this address instead of their own real
+i41F_EdYsLg-00125-00038621-00038912 address so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00126-00038913-00039237 our staff started thinking is this may
+i41F_EdYsLg-00127-00039238-00039564 be a mistake done by the owner of the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00128-00039565-00039743 site are the people running the site and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00129-00039744-00039977 doing the content because sometimes our
+i41F_EdYsLg-00130-00039978-00040208 customers break their own sites because
+i41F_EdYsLg-00131-00040209-00040410 of some mistake and we also noticed
+i41F_EdYsLg-00132-00040411-00040565 those when we are morning monitoring the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00133-00040566-00040904 sites but putting an address like this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00134-00040905-00041177 it's not a mistake nobody does this by
+i41F_EdYsLg-00135-00041178-00041424 mistake this obviously something weird
+i41F_EdYsLg-00136-00041425-00041718 going on and then since the owner of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00137-00041719-00041943 these four sites was the same company we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00138-00041944-00042242 started thinking is this some kind of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00139-00042243-00042770 targeted attack against this company but
+i41F_EdYsLg-00140-00042771-00043365 the it could be kind of plausible but it
+i41F_EdYsLg-00141-00043366-00043704 didn't make much sense - for an attacker
+i41F_EdYsLg-00142-00043705-00044043 to behave this way to attack a certain
+i41F_EdYsLg-00143-00044044-00044301 company to update the setting like this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00144-00044302-00044535 a targeted attack would be more likely
+i41F_EdYsLg-00145-00044536-00044817 to download all the day they turned at
+i41F_EdYsLg-00146-00044818-00045026 install backdoors and stuff like that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00147-00045027-00045374 but definitely this was not done by the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00148-00045375-00045543 admins and it was not a normal fault
+i41F_EdYsLg-00149-00045544-00046262 this was a security breach so we have a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00150-00046263-00046508 security officer on call all the time
+i41F_EdYsLg-00151-00046509-00046761 and when our normal administrators
+i41F_EdYsLg-00152-00046762-00046964 notice that there is a security issue on
+i41F_EdYsLg-00153-00046965-00047352 the site then the security officer steps
+i41F_EdYsLg-00154-00047353-00047924 in and starts an investigation and I'm
+i41F_EdYsLg-00155-00047925-00048087 going to present to you what are the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00156-00048088-00048306 steps we were following a year ago
+i41F_EdYsLg-00157-00048307-00048533 nowadays we have a slightly different
+i41F_EdYsLg-00158-00048534-00048902 procedure for security incidents but I'm
+i41F_EdYsLg-00159-00048903-00049035 going to go through what we did a year
+i41F_EdYsLg-00160-00049036-00049205 ago
+i41F_EdYsLg-00161-00049206-00049482 so the first responder notified the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00162-00049483-00049857 security officer and the first thing to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00163-00049858-00050124 do up on the side that is hacked is to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00164-00050125-00050406 save the process list so that you know
+i41F_EdYsLg-00165-00050407-00050631 what was going on what was running at
+i41F_EdYsLg-00166-00050632-00050987 the time at that point in time and after
+i41F_EdYsLg-00167-00050988-00051180 that you freeze and shut down all the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00168-00051181-00051452 processes so that whatever malicious
+i41F_EdYsLg-00169-00051453-00051656 code was running on that site can't run
+i41F_EdYsLg-00170-00051657-00051989 anymore and cause any additional harm so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00171-00051990-00052254 basically the site would look like this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00172-00052254-00052290 the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00173-00052291-00052529 and users that they were temporarily
+i41F_EdYsLg-00174-00052530-00053010 suspended from operations for the for
+i41F_EdYsLg-00175-00053011-00053157 the entire time of the security
+i41F_EdYsLg-00176-00053158-00053538 investigation and obviously quite early
+i41F_EdYsLg-00177-00053539-00053799 on in the process is to notify the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00178-00053800-00054021 customer that you've noticed an issue
+i41F_EdYsLg-00179-00054022-00054592 and the sites are down on purpose and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00180-00054594-00054861 since this was a quite special case for
+i41F_EdYsLg-00181-00054862-00055164 sites with the same owner attacked at
+i41F_EdYsLg-00182-00055165-00055404 the same time we decided to escalate
+i41F_EdYsLg-00183-00055404-00055665 this internally so we got three people
+i41F_EdYsLg-00184-00055666-00055911 investigating this in parallel three
+i41F_EdYsLg-00185-00055912-00056294 people looking at four sites all right
+i41F_EdYsLg-00186-00056295-00056679 and this was according to procedure so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00187-00056679-00056883 this went pretty quickly and at this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00188-00056884-00057566 time it was 11:55 all right so when we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00189-00057567-00058032 are looking into a security issue these
+i41F_EdYsLg-00190-00058033-00058209 are the kind of questions the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00191-00058210-00058551 investigator asks so what's happening
+i41F_EdYsLg-00192-00058552-00059052 and has it stopped because obviously you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00193-00059053-00059274 want whatever malicious is going on to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00194-00059275-00059577 stop as quickly as possible and then
+i41F_EdYsLg-00195-00059578-00059934 after that try to figure out what
+i41F_EdYsLg-00196-00059935-00060225 happened before and when did that thing
+i41F_EdYsLg-00197-00060226-00060675 start and is there some malicious code
+i41F_EdYsLg-00198-00060676-00060945 somewhere a backdoor planted or
+i41F_EdYsLg-00199-00060946-00061374 something else and in general what files
+i41F_EdYsLg-00200-00061375-00061614 have been modified and what content in
+i41F_EdYsLg-00201-00061615-00061812 the database has been modified recently
+i41F_EdYsLg-00202-00061813-00062109 that usually is an important question
+i41F_EdYsLg-00203-00062110-00062429 and then to some extent trying to figure
+i41F_EdYsLg-00204-00062430-00062916 out who did it so we almost never get
+i41F_EdYsLg-00205-00062916-00063269 out get to find out the like human
+i41F_EdYsLg-00206-00063270-00063528 identity of who did it but at least we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00207-00063529-00063752 can get it find out on an IP address
+i41F_EdYsLg-00208-00063753-00064180 level where the malicious traffic and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00209-00064182-00064925 requests came from
+i41F_EdYsLg-00210-00064926-00065324 and then once we figured out what
+i41F_EdYsLg-00211-00065325-00065507 happened on the site then we will try to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00212-00065508-00065816 figure out how did what was the point of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00213-00065817-00066184 entry how did the attacker get in and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00214-00066185-00066614 then what kind of axis did they get did
+i41F_EdYsLg-00215-00066615-00066884 they get full admin access did they get
+i41F_EdYsLg-00216-00066885-00067148 were they able to get SSH into the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00217-00067149-00067376 server or where they just able to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00218-00067377-00067613 utilize some bug in a software to get
+i41F_EdYsLg-00219-00067614-00067856 some kind of limited right access
+i41F_EdYsLg-00220-00067857-00068072 somewhere or read some small part of the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00221-00068073-00068369 site and based on the level of access
+i41F_EdYsLg-00222-00068370-00068696 the attacker potentially gained we can
+i41F_EdYsLg-00223-00068697-00068930 try to figure out if there is a risk
+i41F_EdYsLg-00224-00068931-00069167 that they may be downloaded all the data
+i41F_EdYsLg-00225-00069168-00069467 and do we have a data leak at hand and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00226-00069468-00069904 what rather maybe some personal personal
+i41F_EdYsLg-00227-00069905-00070097 information on the site was it an
+i41F_EdYsLg-00228-00070098-00070274 e-commerce site with customer data and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00229-00070275-00070700 stuff and then once we know what has
+i41F_EdYsLg-00230-00070701-00070919 happened we can try to make conclusions
+i41F_EdYsLg-00231-00070920-00071228 on what could have been the motives of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00232-00071229-00071450 the attacker was this just a random
+i41F_EdYsLg-00233-00071451-00071879 attack was dissin targeted attack what
+i41F_EdYsLg-00234-00071880-00072025 was their goal what were they
+i41F_EdYsLg-00235-00072026-00072293 specifically interested in this site or
+i41F_EdYsLg-00236-00072294-00072602 did they just want to get access to this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00237-00072603-00072881 site and they would be would have been
+i41F_EdYsLg-00238-00072882-00073157 happy to get access to any site and are
+i41F_EdYsLg-00239-00073158-00073424 they doing something immediately or or
+i41F_EdYsLg-00240-00073425-00073871 are they like keeping a back door for
+i41F_EdYsLg-00241-00073872-00074219 later use or is this part of some kind
+i41F_EdYsLg-00242-00074220-00074564 of SEO spam campaign or are they
+i41F_EdYsLg-00243-00074565-00074894 redirecting users to some other site or
+i41F_EdYsLg-00244-00074895-00075257 what's going on and then after this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00245-00075258-00075491 estimate what kind of damage might have
+i41F_EdYsLg-00246-00075492-00075767 been caused so as you can see there's
+i41F_EdYsLg-00247-00075768-00076273 quite a lot of questions to figure out
+i41F_EdYsLg-00248-00076274-00076718 and it takes some time
+i41F_EdYsLg-00249-00076719-00077024 right so then about the practical steps
+i41F_EdYsLg-00250-00077025-00077342 what was the practical procedures that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00251-00077343-00077728 we follow that this time so the first
+i41F_EdYsLg-00252-00077729-00078053 thing is to make a new backup of the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00253-00078054-00078536 site why is that because that stores the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00254-00078537-00078855 state of the site when we took it down
+i41F_EdYsLg-00255-00078856-00079223 so there will be some malicious code
+i41F_EdYsLg-00256-00079224-00079438 potentially in the backup but it doesn't
+i41F_EdYsLg-00257-00079439-00079687 matter because we can then clean it out
+i41F_EdYsLg-00258-00079688-00080021 but anyway we restore the state of the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00259-00080022-00080326 backup and it's also very convenient
+i41F_EdYsLg-00260-00080327-00080476 because then we can use the latest
+i41F_EdYsLg-00261-00080477-00080804 backup and compare that to the previous
+i41F_EdYsLg-00262-00080805-00081110 backups and even like backups that are
+i41F_EdYsLg-00263-00081111-00081469 many weeks old or so to find out what
+i41F_EdYsLg-00264-00081470-00081671 files changed because sometimes
+i41F_EdYsLg-00265-00081672-00082130 attackers use techniques like changing
+i41F_EdYsLg-00266-00082131-00082517 the modify time on files so you can't
+i41F_EdYsLg-00267-00082518-00082817 rely on that to figure out what files
+i41F_EdYsLg-00268-00082818-00083086 have been recently changed that's the EM
+i41F_EdYsLg-00269-00083087-00083368 time attribute in a Linux file system
+i41F_EdYsLg-00270-00083369-00083755 and sometimes attackers just update all
+i41F_EdYsLg-00271-00083756-00084122 the file files do like a touch operation
+i41F_EdYsLg-00272-00084123-00084410 all the files to also update the C time
+i41F_EdYsLg-00273-00084411-00084761 attribute in a Linux that file system so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00274-00084762-00085028 then you can't use that either to figure
+i41F_EdYsLg-00275-00085029-00085174 out what files have been recently
+i41F_EdYsLg-00276-00085175-00085559 changed so the backups having backups
+i41F_EdYsLg-00277-00085560-00085807 and comparing to backups is the most
+i41F_EdYsLg-00278-00085808-00086024 reliable way to find out what files have
+i41F_EdYsLg-00279-00086025-00086275 been changed and what exactly changed in
+i41F_EdYsLg-00280-00086276-00086794 those files so we have some tools in our
+i41F_EdYsLg-00281-00086795-00087110 system like this VP - backup list
+i41F_EdYsLg-00282-00087111-00087376 changes which we use and then we use
+i41F_EdYsLg-00283-00087377-00087604 just regular Linux command line tools
+i41F_EdYsLg-00284-00087605-00087812 like diff how many of you have been
+i41F_EdYsLg-00285-00087813-00088017 using diff on the command line
+i41F_EdYsLg-00286-00088018-00088292 yeah a couple of people does anybody
+i41F_EdYsLg-00287-00088293-00088831 know what that - you are thus so it
+i41F_EdYsLg-00288-00088832-00089068 shows a unified diff and that are means
+i41F_EdYsLg-00289-00089069-00089342 that it compares directories
+i41F_EdYsLg-00290-00089343-00089654 recursively so you can ask diff that you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00291-00089655-00089909 have like directory a and directory B
+i41F_EdYsLg-00292-00089910-00090044 and then
+i41F_EdYsLg-00293-00090045-00090230 with all the differences in all files
+i41F_EdYsLg-00294-00090231-00090395 and inside those files in their
+i41F_EdYsLg-00295-00090396-00090664 directories it's very convenient
+i41F_EdYsLg-00296-00090665-00091043 so that will reveal changes and you can
+i41F_EdYsLg-00297-00091044-00091265 also use this to compare database
+i41F_EdYsLg-00298-00091266-00091487 backups if you have made the database
+i41F_EdYsLg-00299-00091488-00091771 backups in the sensible format
+i41F_EdYsLg-00300-00091772-00092246 all right so we did that then we checked
+i41F_EdYsLg-00301-00092247-00092471 what was the last WordPress logins and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00302-00092472-00092816 what was the last SSH logins what user
+i41F_EdYsLg-00303-00092817-00093017 names and what IP addresses did they
+i41F_EdYsLg-00304-00093018-00093095 come from
+i41F_EdYsLg-00305-00093096-00093428 because that usually reveals if if a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00306-00093429-00093661 password has lakid for example and and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00307-00093662-00094004 let's say it's a german site and then
+i41F_EdYsLg-00308-00094005-00094262 suddenly somebody logs in from I don't
+i41F_EdYsLg-00309-00094263-00094532 know like Indonesia then that is kind of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00310-00094533-00094751 suspicious because the German site
+i41F_EdYsLg-00311-00094752-00094877 doesn't usually have logins from
+i41F_EdYsLg-00312-00094878-00095156 Indonesia so these kind of basic things
+i41F_EdYsLg-00313-00095157-00095636 to check out unfortunately quite often
+i41F_EdYsLg-00314-00095637-00096002 the way somebody hacked into our
+i41F_EdYsLg-00315-00096003-00096251 customer website is that the customers
+i41F_EdYsLg-00316-00096252-00096557 own device like some Windows laptop or
+i41F_EdYsLg-00317-00096558-00096725 something like that had a virus and then
+i41F_EdYsLg-00318-00096726-00096968 it leaked that users passwords so we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00319-00096969-00097157 can't really protect against that but at
+i41F_EdYsLg-00320-00097158-00097346 least we can quickly detect it if
+i41F_EdYsLg-00321-00097347-00097613 somebody's accessing the site as an
+i41F_EdYsLg-00322-00097614-00097799 admin directly without doing any other
+i41F_EdYsLg-00323-00097800-00098036 when without doing any other kind of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00324-00098037-00098812 attack before that all right and then
+i41F_EdYsLg-00325-00098813-00099143 here's a bunch of VP CLI commands so if
+i41F_EdYsLg-00326-00099144-00099479 you haven't used VP CLI I recommend you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00327-00099480-00099803 learn it it's very convenient has any of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00328-00099804-00099998 you used any of this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00329-00099999-00100397 VP CLI commands on the screen yeah a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00330-00100398-00100616 couple of people yeah so these are quite
+i41F_EdYsLg-00331-00100617-00101039 handy so the first command VP core
+i41F_EdYsLg-00332-00101040-00101378 verified checksums it will tell so it
+i41F_EdYsLg-00333-00101379-00101738 will compare it will first check what
+i41F_EdYsLg-00334-00101739-00101912 version of WordPress you have installed
+i41F_EdYsLg-00335-00101913-00102254 like for let's say five point two point
+i41F_EdYsLg-00336-00102255-00102575 four then it will download the checksums
+i41F_EdYsLg-00337-00102576-00102851 for that release from wordpress.org and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00338-00102852-00103097 then it will compare the checksums of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00339-00103098-00103274 the official release and then the files
+i41F_EdYsLg-00340-00103275-00103427 you have on your file system
+i41F_EdYsLg-00341-00103428-00103679 and if the checksums don't match that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00342-00103680-00103865 means that there's some change in the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00343-00103866-00104200 files and there might be something like
+i41F_EdYsLg-00344-00104201-00104423 injected into your WordPress
+i41F_EdYsLg-00345-00104424-00104777 installation and VP CLI also has a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00346-00104778-00105089 command for checking plugins in the same
+i41F_EdYsLg-00347-00105090-00105353 way unfortunately there are some false
+i41F_EdYsLg-00348-00105354-00105548 positives when you are checking plugins
+i41F_EdYsLg-00349-00105549-00105929 because in the current subversion system
+i41F_EdYsLg-00350-00105930-00106223 that wordpress.org is using for plugins
+i41F_EdYsLg-00351-00106224-00106457 it's possible for plug-in authors to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00352-00106458-00106745 make several releases of the same
+i41F_EdYsLg-00353-00106746-00107069 plug-in using the same version number so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00354-00107070-00107372 you said that checksums don't always
+i41F_EdYsLg-00355-00107373-00107761 match even if there is no back doors and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00356-00107763-00108113 then we also have our own slightly
+i41F_EdYsLg-00357-00108114-00108269 customized version of the chicken
+i41F_EdYsLg-00358-00108270-00108521 checksum checker which helps you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00359-00108522-00108797 automate that it will actually show you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00360-00108798-00109106 a diff what was the differences on a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00361-00109107-00109427 plug-in or team installed on your system
+i41F_EdYsLg-00362-00109428-00109721 and on that plugin or team at the same
+i41F_EdYsLg-00363-00109722-00110233 version in wordpress.org repositories so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00364-00110234-00110396 here is an example of that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00365-00110397-00110771 we ran at the WordPress checksum diff on
+i41F_EdYsLg-00366-00110772-00111116 one plug-in that had a checksum change
+i41F_EdYsLg-00367-00111117-00111436 and here is the output so we can see
+i41F_EdYsLg-00368-00111438-00111995 that this invocation to a class method
+i41F_EdYsLg-00369-00111996-00112508 is different but this is most likely not
+i41F_EdYsLg-00370-00112508-00112691 all these we were pretty sure that this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00371-00112692-00113051 was not any kind of backdoor or
+i41F_EdYsLg-00372-00113052-00113297 injection into the code it is just that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00373-00113298-00113576 in this case for the same plug-in
+i41F_EdYsLg-00374-00113577-00113738 release there actually exists two
+i41F_EdYsLg-00375-00113739-00113897 releases with the same release number
+i41F_EdYsLg-00376-00113898-00114122 and they have slightly different code so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00377-00114123-00114671 this was a false positive all right and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00378-00114672-00114956 that was quite a lot of work so at this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00379-00114957-00115579 point it was already half past one
+i41F_EdYsLg-00380-00115580-00115997 right then the next steps in our
+i41F_EdYsLg-00381-00115998-00116357 procedure is to check the user list so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00382-00116358-00116573 as you can see these are also VP CLI
+i41F_EdYsLg-00383-00116574-00116780 commands that's very convenient because
+i41F_EdYsLg-00384-00116781-00117182 the site itself has been shut down so we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00385-00117183-00117455 can't use the site but we can use VP CLI
+i41F_EdYsLg-00386-00117456-00117783 to access everything in this in the site
+i41F_EdYsLg-00387-00117784-00118115 so checking at the late latest users you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00388-00118116-00118277 will see what new users have been
+i41F_EdYsLg-00389-00118278-00118502 registered recently and with that other
+i41F_EdYsLg-00390-00118503-00118745 command you can check out what new posts
+i41F_EdYsLg-00391-00118746-00118913 have been published recently sometimes
+i41F_EdYsLg-00392-00118914-00119099 there is some spam or something being
+i41F_EdYsLg-00393-00119100-00119243 published on the site and that this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00394-00119244-00119777 quickly reveals it and in this case this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00395-00119778-00119963 was finally a breakthrough because we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00396-00119964-00120173 noticed that there was on many of these
+i41F_EdYsLg-00397-00120174-00120551 sites there was a new user called troll
+i41F_EdYsLg-00398-00120552-00120835 Hareton or a variant of that and it
+i41F_EdYsLg-00399-00120836-00121046 didn't look like a normal user for these
+i41F_EdYsLg-00400-00121047-00121499 sites and it had dot ru email addresses
+i41F_EdYsLg-00401-00121500-00121888 and that was not normal for this site
+i41F_EdYsLg-00402-00121889-00122359 this was an interesting finding and this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00403-00122360-00122672 actually includes the exact time stamps
+i41F_EdYsLg-00404-00122673-00123032 when those huge users signed up so this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00405-00123033-00123206 is very good because now we could use
+i41F_EdYsLg-00406-00123207-00123503 this time stamp to analyze that the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00407-00123504-00123794 traffic logs to see what actually
+i41F_EdYsLg-00408-00123795-00124161 happened at this specific second in time
+i41F_EdYsLg-00409-00124163-00124604 and then after doing lots of analysis
+i41F_EdYsLg-00410-00124605-00125005 for the logs we finally found out this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00411-00125006-00125522 that this is where the entry happened so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00412-00125523-00125792 from the same ip address that points
+i41F_EdYsLg-00413-00125793-00126221 somewhere in Russia somebody made a get
+i41F_EdYsLg-00414-00126222-00126486 post on the front page and then it made
+i41F_EdYsLg-00415-00126488-00126908 two posts to the back end and the funny
+i41F_EdYsLg-00416-00126908-00127121 thing here is that the HTTP code from
+i41F_EdYsLg-00417-00127122-00127316 the back end was 200 so it's saying it's
+i41F_EdYsLg-00418-00127317-00127708 okay for these posts so it shouldn't be
+i41F_EdYsLg-00419-00127709-00128144 okay it should say access denied and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00420-00128145-00128379 something's going on regarding
+i41F_EdYsLg-00421-00128380-00128640 registering a user and then verifying
+i41F_EdYsLg-00422-00128641-00128883 that user and then after that there are
+i41F_EdYsLg-00423-00128883-00129144 a couple of more requests going to the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00424-00129145-00129507 WordPress back-end so we don't know
+i41F_EdYsLg-00425-00129508-00129813 exactly what was the payload going to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00426-00129814-00129972 the backend because we're not logging
+i41F_EdYsLg-00427-00129973-00130293 post requests and we shouldn't do that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00428-00130294-00130658 either because that's kind of can be a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00429-00130659-00130824 sensitive user content you're not
+i41F_EdYsLg-00430-00130825-00131184 supposed to log that but luckily we had
+i41F_EdYsLg-00431-00131185-00131514 other logs regarding what changes in PHP
+i41F_EdYsLg-00432-00131515-00131916 and database is happening so we found
+i41F_EdYsLg-00433-00131917-00132177 out that there was some weird empty
+i41F_EdYsLg-00434-00132178-00132503 options values in the database and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00435-00132504-00132774 unusual requests to a database table
+i41F_EdYsLg-00436-00132775-00132948 called VP gdpr
+i41F_EdYsLg-00437-00132949-00133376 c access requests and then we just
+i41F_EdYsLg-00438-00133377-00133641 scanned all through all the code to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00439-00133642-00133944 check out what plugin is using a table
+i41F_EdYsLg-00440-00133945-00134136 with this name and we found out this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00441-00134137-00134591 plugin VP GDP our compliance doing this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00442-00134592-00135005 and at this point it was two o'clock and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00443-00135006-00135246 then we started to look at the history
+i41F_EdYsLg-00444-00135247-00135489 of this plugin and it turns out that one
+i41F_EdYsLg-00445-00135490-00135828 day before or two days before there was
+i41F_EdYsLg-00446-00135829-00136065 a new release from this plugin and it
+i41F_EdYsLg-00447-00136066-00136248 doesn't mention any security issues in
+i41F_EdYsLg-00448-00136249-00136413 the release notes but when we look at
+i41F_EdYsLg-00449-00136414-00136685 the code that came out in this release
+i41F_EdYsLg-00450-00136686-00136965 there are some changes to the database
+i41F_EdYsLg-00451-00136966-00137649 calls and adding adding like this quote
+i41F_EdYsLg-00452-00137650-00138087 marks so it sounded like was bit fishy
+i41F_EdYsLg-00453-00138088-00138657 sounded like a SQL injection so we were
+i41F_EdYsLg-00454-00138658-00139032 pretty sure that this was then the point
+i41F_EdYsLg-00455-00139033-00139239 of entry we didn't know exact mechanisms
+i41F_EdYsLg-00456-00139240-00139443 at this point but we all the evidence
+i41F_EdYsLg-00457-00139444-00139647 pointed at this was the point of entry a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00458-00139648-00140052 flaw in this plugin so we deactivated
+i41F_EdYsLg-00459-00140053-00140235 and uninstalled it from all the customer
+i41F_EdYsLg-00460-00140236-00140592 sites at this point and then it was half
+i41F_EdYsLg-00461-00140593-00141003 past two and the u.s. started to wake up
+i41F_EdYsLg-00462-00141004-00141294 and security researchers in u.s. started
+i41F_EdYsLg-00463-00141295-00141410 blogging and putting
+i41F_EdYsLg-00464-00141411-00141708 information about stuff that they are
+i41F_EdYsLg-00465-00141709-00142101 seeing and we noticed that other people
+i41F_EdYsLg-00466-00142102-00142287 were also experienced experiencing
+i41F_EdYsLg-00467-00142288-00142572 similar issues and they started to come
+i41F_EdYsLg-00468-00142573-00143133 out news about this VP GDP our plugin so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00469-00143134-00143408 the details what happened here is that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00470-00143409-00143682 this plugin had an SQL injection flaw
+i41F_EdYsLg-00471-00143683-00144009 which made that you could update
+i41F_EdYsLg-00472-00144010-00144252 whatever option in WordPress you wanted
+i41F_EdYsLg-00473-00144253-00144420 it didn't get full access but you could
+i41F_EdYsLg-00474-00144421-00144792 update an option an arbitrary option so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00475-00144793-00145029 what the attacker did they update the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00476-00145030-00145266 options so that anybody can register a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00477-00145267-00145527 new account and then all new accounts
+i41F_EdYsLg-00478-00145528-00145854 are admins by default and the credits
+i41F_EdYsLg-00479-00145855-00146118 for noticing this goes to a lien version
+i41F_EdYsLg-00480-00146119-00146436 and this was fixed in one point four
+i41F_EdYsLg-00481-00146437-00146844 point three and we have this system that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00482-00146845-00147015 we are doing normal updates to our
+i41F_EdYsLg-00483-00147016-00147174 customers because we take care of the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00484-00147175-00147402 upkeep but in addition to that we also
+i41F_EdYsLg-00485-00147403-00147747 do urgent security updates and when we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00486-00147748-00147924 notice that this is a security update
+i41F_EdYsLg-00487-00147925-00148325 then we updated our our database and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00488-00148326-00148605 made sure all of the other customers who
+i41F_EdYsLg-00489-00148606-00148866 were not yet hacked got this updated as
+i41F_EdYsLg-00490-00148867-00149232 quickly as possible then it was almost
+i41F_EdYsLg-00491-00149233-00149511 three o'clock and based on these
+i41F_EdYsLg-00492-00149512-00149673 findings we were pretty sure what was
+i41F_EdYsLg-00493-00149674-00150018 the point of entry and we had answers to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00494-00150019-00150213 all of the questions we have inner
+i41F_EdYsLg-00495-00150214-00150423 security investigation so we start good
+i41F_EdYsLg-00496-00150424-00150957 good we're now able to remove these bad
+i41F_EdYsLg-00497-00150958-00151475 users and remove this bad plug-in and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00498-00151476-00151722 just as a safety precaution we also
+i41F_EdYsLg-00499-00151723-00151977 reset all existing sessions and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00500-00151978-00152663 passwords in case they had somehow
+i41F_EdYsLg-00501-00152664-00152880 modified the passwords or something
+i41F_EdYsLg-00502-00152881-00153213 plant planted the backdoor that way and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00503-00153214-00153381 we also check the logs that they have
+i41F_EdYsLg-00504-00153382-00153558 not there was no signs that they would
+i41F_EdYsLg-00505-00153559-00153729 have been downloading the content from
+i41F_EdYsLg-00506-00153730-00153966 the site they were just using this admin
+i41F_EdYsLg-00507-00153967-00154353 to admin access to divert traffic to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00508-00154354-00154632 another site so it was some kind of I
+i41F_EdYsLg-00509-00154633-00154800 don't know what the other side
+i41F_EdYsLg-00510-00154801-00155025 would have done because it was down so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00511-00155026-00155220 we don't know what the end motive motive
+i41F_EdYsLg-00512-00155221-00155664 was here and then we've cleaned up the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00513-00155665-00155811 site and then just as a security
+i41F_EdYsLg-00514-00155812-00156183 precaution we run our own security
+i41F_EdYsLg-00515-00156184-00156357 scanner on that side to make sure there
+i41F_EdYsLg-00516-00156358-00156726 is no back doors or malicious code we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00517-00156727-00157061 have this system we rolled out ourselves
+i41F_EdYsLg-00518-00157062-00157401 which we use to scan are all of the code
+i41F_EdYsLg-00519-00157402-00157668 on all of our customer sites so it finds
+i41F_EdYsLg-00520-00157669-00157857 out patterns that are common in
+i41F_EdYsLg-00521-00157858-00158157 backdoors and malicious code like doing
+i41F_EdYsLg-00522-00158158-00158406 shell xx and stuff like that and then we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00523-00158407-00158765 get the like a grey list of potentially
+i41F_EdYsLg-00524-00158766-00159039 malicious code and then our security
+i41F_EdYsLg-00525-00159040-00159215 officer then goes and reviews this and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00526-00159216-00159423 then clicks if it's good false positive
+i41F_EdYsLg-00527-00159424-00159648 or if it's bad or we also have the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00528-00159649-00159984 option of marking a small practice so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00529-00159985-00160166 that we can later notify our customer
+i41F_EdYsLg-00530-00160167-00160353 that they have it's not the hack but
+i41F_EdYsLg-00531-00160354-00160729 it's a risky code they are running and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00532-00160730-00161370 then finally after after almost four
+i41F_EdYsLg-00533-00161371-00161628 hours we were able to reopen the sites
+i41F_EdYsLg-00534-00161629-00162024 and have them operating normally and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00535-00162025-00162615 back online again and then after this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00536-00162616-00162963 was done it's not fully complete because
+i41F_EdYsLg-00537-00162964-00163134 once you open the site that has been
+i41F_EdYsLg-00538-00163135-00163410 recently hacked then you need to have an
+i41F_EdYsLg-00539-00163411-00163647 elevated monitoring on it to see if
+i41F_EdYsLg-00540-00163648-00163872 you're still getting the same kind of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00541-00163873-00164085 attack or was there some other kind of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00542-00164086-00164373 attack and just like verify that what
+i41F_EdYsLg-00543-00164374-00164641 you think was the point of entry
+i41F_EdYsLg-00544-00164642-00164874 actually was the point of entry and the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00545-00164875-00165096 site doesn't get attacked again through
+i41F_EdYsLg-00546-00165097-00165515 some other means and also very important
+i41F_EdYsLg-00547-00165516-00165701 part of the process is to constantly
+i41F_EdYsLg-00548-00165702-00166035 notify that the owner of the site what's
+i41F_EdYsLg-00549-00166036-00166272 going on and in total we sent like eight
+i41F_EdYsLg-00550-00166273-00166671 email updates during this process to the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00551-00166672-00167100 customer to notify where where it where
+i41F_EdYsLg-00552-00167101-00167358 it's going so it the customer don't
+i41F_EdYsLg-00553-00167359-00167807 think that we're not doing anything and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00554-00167808-00168063 when we notify the customer what we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00555-00168064-00168123 found
+i41F_EdYsLg-00556-00168124-00168330 the customer actually noticed themself
+i41F_EdYsLg-00557-00168331-00168594 that they've got on the previous day a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00558-00168595-00168861 new user registration email from
+i41F_EdYsLg-00559-00168862-00169230 WordPress about these new accounts but
+i41F_EdYsLg-00560-00169231-00169431 nobody just paid attention so they
+i41F_EdYsLg-00561-00169432-00169644 ignored it and you can't really blame
+i41F_EdYsLg-00562-00169645-00169905 anybody because that's not something
+i41F_EdYsLg-00563-00169906-00170160 that people who are just using WordPress
+i41F_EdYsLg-00564-00170161-00170328 sites that you can't expect them to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00565-00170329-00170541 realize immediately that the new user
+i41F_EdYsLg-00566-00170542-00170733 registration sometimes means that there
+i41F_EdYsLg-00567-00170734-00171381 was an attack and and most importantly
+i41F_EdYsLg-00568-00171382-00171507 it turned out that this was not a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00569-00171508-00171759 targeted attack against this customer
+i41F_EdYsLg-00570-00171760-00171996 they were just very unlucky that they
+i41F_EdYsLg-00571-00171997-00172206 had this plug-in on all of their four
+i41F_EdYsLg-00572-00172207-00172419 sites because they had the same builder
+i41F_EdYsLg-00573-00172420-00172767 on the sites and this plug-in had a zero
+i41F_EdYsLg-00574-00172768-00173067 day vulnerability and it happened to get
+i41F_EdYsLg-00575-00173068-00173510 utilized on all of them at the same time
+i41F_EdYsLg-00576-00173511-00173931 so in conclusion so no plugin author
+i41F_EdYsLg-00577-00173932-00174381 makes perfect code and sometimes you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00578-00174382-00174609 will have zero day vulnerabilities that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00579-00174610-00174921 means that there is a security issue in
+i41F_EdYsLg-00580-00174922-00175215 the plugin and there is no chance of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00581-00175216-00175458 updating fixing it by opting updating
+i41F_EdYsLg-00582-00175459-00176178 the plugin yet and therefore there is
+i41F_EdYsLg-00583-00176179-00176376 always a chance that at some point your
+i41F_EdYsLg-00584-00176377-00176721 site could get hacked so in addition to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00585-00176722-00176880 having these security measures I
+i41F_EdYsLg-00586-00176881-00177078 recommend that you also have some kind
+i41F_EdYsLg-00587-00177079-00177384 of procedure figured out in advance what
+i41F_EdYsLg-00588-00177385-00177624 you will do if the site actually gets
+i41F_EdYsLg-00589-00177625-00178140 hacked someday thank you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00590-00178141-00178854 [Applause]
+i41F_EdYsLg-00591-00178855-00179248 yeah and then I guess we have a couple
+i41F_EdYsLg-00592-00179249-00180252 of minutes of time for questions anyone
+i41F_EdYsLg-00593-00180253-00180535 thanks a lot for your very interesting
+i41F_EdYsLg-00594-00180536-00180913 presentation what in addition to the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00595-00180914-00181201 last slide what would you think
+i41F_EdYsLg-00596-00181202-00181528 other main additional lessons learned
+i41F_EdYsLg-00597-00181529-00182037 and the second question is yes it is
+i41F_EdYsLg-00598-00182038-00182293 unreasonable for site admins to read
+i41F_EdYsLg-00599-00182294-00182617 each and every notification however I
+i41F_EdYsLg-00600-00182618-00183055 would have expected to put more emphasis
+i41F_EdYsLg-00601-00183056-00183462 on on changes and the admin accounts so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00602-00183463-00183741 why didn't they notice that admin
+i41F_EdYsLg-00603-00183742-00184441 accounts were added I guess it doesn't
+i41F_EdYsLg-00604-00184442-00184759 really help that the the text in those
+i41F_EdYsLg-00605-00184760-00185038 emails could have been better but I
+i41F_EdYsLg-00606-00185039-00185290 don't think that ultimately would help
+i41F_EdYsLg-00607-00185291-00185467 because people are just getting too many
+i41F_EdYsLg-00608-00185468-00185770 emails so they probably wouldn't notice
+i41F_EdYsLg-00609-00185771-00186181 and even if they would notice it's kind
+i41F_EdYsLg-00610-00186182-00186358 of unreasonable for them to notice it
+i41F_EdYsLg-00611-00186359-00186699 immediately and do the proper response
+i41F_EdYsLg-00612-00186700-00187060 so I wouldn't blame the customer in this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00613-00187061-00187645 case I think there yeah and also the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00614-00187646-00187876 customer here kind of tried to do
+i41F_EdYsLg-00615-00187877-00188140 everything correctly it's when it's kind
+i41F_EdYsLg-00616-00188141-00188425 of ironic that the security issue was in
+i41F_EdYsLg-00617-00188426-00188653 a plug-in they've installed because of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00618-00188654-00189262 security and privacy reasons itself you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00619-00189263-00189466 could also ask does it make sense to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00620-00189467-00189664 have this kind of setting in the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00621-00189665-00189919 WordPress core that you can make all new
+i41F_EdYsLg-00622-00189920-00190303 users by default administrators that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00623-00190304-00190510 should maybe be prevented I don't know
+i41F_EdYsLg-00624-00190511-00191831 any valid use case for that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00625-00191832-00192102 so in the starting you mentioned that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00626-00192103-00192330 you got the notification from your
+i41F_EdYsLg-00627-00192331-00192624 systems that the site had been breached
+i41F_EdYsLg-00628-00192625-00192780 or there was some issue with the sides
+i41F_EdYsLg-00629-00192781-00193049 so are you using some kind of customs
+i41F_EdYsLg-00630-00193050-00193398 monitoring tool or this is some thing
+i41F_EdYsLg-00631-00193399-00193725 you're what are the modern tools yeah so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00632-00193726-00193971 the question was what are the monitoring
+i41F_EdYsLg-00633-00193972-00194307 tools we are using to notice this that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00634-00194308-00194598 are the sites working or not so we have
+i41F_EdYsLg-00635-00194599-00194955 our own so we are using lots of open
+i41F_EdYsLg-00636-00194956-00195234 source software so we're not coding
+i41F_EdYsLg-00637-00195235-00195393 everything ourselves but you are doing
+i41F_EdYsLg-00638-00195394-00195618 all of the integration and glue and lots
+i41F_EdYsLg-00639-00195619-00195879 of customizations ourselves so what
+i41F_EdYsLg-00640-00195880-00196128 we're using here the monitor on these
+i41F_EdYsLg-00641-00196129-00196428 sites is not something that you can have
+i41F_EdYsLg-00642-00196429-00197109 your yourself at the moment but yeah and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00643-00197110-00197355 that's also because of monitoring the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00644-00197356-00197544 sites is kind of embedded in into our
+i41F_EdYsLg-00645-00197545-00197840 service what we do as a upkeep company
+i41F_EdYsLg-00646-00197841-00198246 but there's lots of online services out
+i41F_EdYsLg-00647-00198247-00198504 there doing where you can very cheaply
+i41F_EdYsLg-00648-00198505-00198732 by monitoring if you if that's something
+i41F_EdYsLg-00649-00198733-00199206 you want to do yourself I don't have any
+i41F_EdYsLg-00650-00199207-00199431 specific recommend but I know there are
+i41F_EdYsLg-00651-00199432-00199629 there are even free ones where you can
+i41F_EdYsLg-00652-00199630-00200328 have small amount of sites monitored now
+i41F_EdYsLg-00653-00200329-00200721 the question do you always try to repair
+i41F_EdYsLg-00654-00200722-00200970 the WordPress sites or what where's the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00655-00200971-00201201 limit I I had intruders
+i41F_EdYsLg-00656-00201202-00201699 they I saw them after some hours they
+i41F_EdYsLg-00657-00201700-00202023 were on my site so it was all denied and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00658-00202024-00202272 they changed a lot of things changed
+i41F_EdYsLg-00659-00202273-00202527 options they uploaded files they changed
+i41F_EdYsLg-00660-00202528-00202992 so much they just put in a backup
+i41F_EdYsLg-00661-00202993-00203346 restore the backup and that happy I had
+i41F_EdYsLg-00662-00203347-00203610 to check where was it was also a plugin
+i41F_EdYsLg-00663-00203611-00203961 I had to remove that one but but for the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00664-00203962-00204225 to repair the content I just used a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00665-00204226-00204582 backup yeah so that's our guarantee that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00666-00204583-00204780 if the site gets hacked while we do the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00667-00204781-00204852 upkeep
+i41F_EdYsLg-00668-00204853-00205080 clean up clean it up so we're not an
+i41F_EdYsLg-00669-00205081-00205298 insurance company we won't pay you any
+i41F_EdYsLg-00670-00205300-00205557 damages or anything like that but we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00671-00205558-00205973 will stand for our own like staff costs
+i41F_EdYsLg-00672-00205975-00206208 for the extra work involved in cleaning
+i41F_EdYsLg-00673-00206209-00206475 up your set and we can analyze what
+i41F_EdYsLg-00674-00206476-00206723 changes have been done to the site to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00675-00206725-00206928 the detail and revert those changes or
+i41F_EdYsLg-00676-00206929-00207255 we can just revert to the backup and we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00677-00207256-00207525 can like selectively revert like we can
+i41F_EdYsLg-00678-00207526-00207702 revert all the files to the backup but
+i41F_EdYsLg-00679-00207703-00207963 not the database or we can revert parts
+i41F_EdYsLg-00680-00207964-00208212 of the database to the backup and we
+i41F_EdYsLg-00681-00208213-00208608 have tools for that so it's possible for
+i41F_EdYsLg-00682-00208609-00209189 us to to revert the backups fully or
+i41F_EdYsLg-00683-00209190-00209717 partially to get all all on unauthorized
+i41F_EdYsLg-00684-00209719-00210477 modifications out of the site first of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00685-00210478-00211128 all thanks for the presentation yep so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00686-00211129-00211608 my question is probably the zombie said
+i41F_EdYsLg-00687-00211609-00211871 how we can prevent those situation
+i41F_EdYsLg-00688-00211873-00212181 actually what we were talking about is
+i41F_EdYsLg-00689-00212182-00212471 something that already happened but
+i41F_EdYsLg-00690-00212473-00213084 since the problem was from the WordPress
+i41F_EdYsLg-00691-00213085-00213861 plugins and comments and yeah so from
+i41F_EdYsLg-00692-00213862-00214148 from our as from our company point of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00693-00214150-00214356 view as daily operations we're doing
+i41F_EdYsLg-00694-00214357-00214554 quite a lot of things to prevent this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00695-00214555-00214844 because obviously if a site gets hacked
+i41F_EdYsLg-00696-00214846-00215058 it's very expensive for us we won't make
+i41F_EdYsLg-00697-00215059-00215514 any any income from that customer for
+i41F_EdYsLg-00698-00215515-00215717 the further payment our work to clean up
+i41F_EdYsLg-00699-00215719-00215948 a site is always more expensive than
+i41F_EdYsLg-00700-00215950-00216192 what the customer is paying paying us so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00701-00216192-00216402 we have an incentive to have all kinds
+i41F_EdYsLg-00702-00216403-00216606 of protections in place and we are doing
+i41F_EdYsLg-00703-00216607-00216777 most of the protections outside of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00704-00216778-00217098 WordPress or like C code level before
+i41F_EdYsLg-00705-00217098-00217389 anything even reaches WordPress but
+i41F_EdYsLg-00706-00217390-00217721 that's not something you can that's too
+i41F_EdYsLg-00707-00217723-00218121 complex for for for average people to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00708-00218121-00218369 to replicate but I would like to point
+i41F_EdYsLg-00709-00218371-00218592 out that there is lots and lots of false
+i41F_EdYsLg-00710-00218592-00218916 wordpress security advice out there so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00711-00218917-00219080 you need to take their security advice
+i41F_EdYsLg-00712-00219081-00219426 with a grain of salt or maybe a bowl of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00713-00219427-00219782 salt and I really recommend checking out
+i41F_EdYsLg-00714-00219783-00220005 this presentation WordPress security 101
+i41F_EdYsLg-00715-00220006-00220271 because here I try to debunk what is the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00716-00220273-00220430 stuff that is false advice what you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00717-00220431-00220641 should not do and what is the actual
+i41F_EdYsLg-00718-00220642-00220859 things you as a WordPress site owner
+i41F_EdYsLg-00719-00220860-00221534 should take care of thank you some of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00720-00221535-00221759 you were here in the earlier talk about
+i41F_EdYsLg-00721-00221760-00222105 performance and one of one of my
+i41F_EdYsLg-00722-00222106-00222303 recommend recommendation regarding both
+i41F_EdYsLg-00723-00222304-00222482 performance and security is that you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00724-00222483-00222669 should use some kind of managed
+i41F_EdYsLg-00725-00222669-00222980 wordpress hosting company use us or some
+i41F_EdYsLg-00726-00222981-00223221 of the other companies that are also
+i41F_EdYsLg-00727-00223221-00223446 sponsors here today because that will
+i41F_EdYsLg-00728-00223446-00223773 take away quite a lot of like the basic
+i41F_EdYsLg-00729-00223773-00224060 chores and headaches regarding owning a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00730-00224061-00224234 wordpress site so then you can focus on
+i41F_EdYsLg-00731-00224235-00224448 the content and development of the site
+i41F_EdYsLg-00732-00224448-00224813 itself
+i41F_EdYsLg-00733-00224814-00225167 - question can you hear me yeah that's a
+i41F_EdYsLg-00734-00225169-00225579 good question so the assumption is this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00735-00225580-00225780 was not a targeted to attack and I was
+i41F_EdYsLg-00736-00225781-00226010 wondering attitude just out of curiosity
+i41F_EdYsLg-00737-00226011-00226244 curiosity maybe check the IP address if
+i41F_EdYsLg-00738-00226246-00226527 they attacked also on others on other
+i41F_EdYsLg-00739-00226528-00226784 installations you managed but didn't
+i41F_EdYsLg-00740-00226785-00227004 succeed so just to verify ok this was
+i41F_EdYsLg-00741-00227005-00227187 random because he had it on four
+i41F_EdYsLg-00742-00227188-00227369 different sides so it was like it should
+i41F_EdYsLg-00743-00227371-00227710 appear on a lot of probably them and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00744-00227711-00228126 then a lot of WordPress hostess or
+i41F_EdYsLg-00745-00228127-00228308 something they have like black lists for
+i41F_EdYsLg-00746-00228309-00228540 plugins they don't allow for specific
+i41F_EdYsLg-00747-00228541-00228860 reasons and with your policy to say ok
+i41F_EdYsLg-00748-00228861-00229184 we recover you do you have such policies
+i41F_EdYsLg-00749-00229185-00229592 in place just to minimize your risk yeah
+i41F_EdYsLg-00750-00229594-00229931 sure we have a we have a policy that all
+i41F_EdYsLg-00751-00229932-00230159 of our optimizations and performance
+i41F_EdYsLg-00752-00230160-00230454 optimizations and security or at least
+i41F_EdYsLg-00753-00230455-00230756 95 percent of that is done on a C code
+i41F_EdYsLg-00754-00230757-00230957 level outside of PHP and outside of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00755-00230958-00231150 WordPress so you can bring a like
+i41F_EdYsLg-00756-00231151-00231356 whatever WordPress site you want to us
+i41F_EdYsLg-00757-00231357-00231548 but we have a recommendation
+i41F_EdYsLg-00758-00231550-00231767 if you move aside to us then you should
+i41F_EdYsLg-00759-00231769-00232013 remove all backup plugins all
+i41F_EdYsLg-00760-00232014-00232248 performance and caching plugins and all
+i41F_EdYsLg-00761-00232248-00232446 security plugins because we take care of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00762-00232446-00232644 that and if you have that yourself
+i41F_EdYsLg-00763-00232644-00232812 you're just doing duplicate work and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00764-00232813-00233108 slowing down the site and also you are
+i41F_EdYsLg-00765-00233109-00233292 increasing the attack surface because
+i41F_EdYsLg-00766-00233292-00233490 the more you have plugins the more there
+i41F_EdYsLg-00767-00233491-00233759 is potentially vulnerable code running
+i41F_EdYsLg-00768-00233760-00234039 on your site so this is soft policy but
+i41F_EdYsLg-00769-00234040-00234278 customers if they want they can run
+i41F_EdYsLg-00770-00234279-00234783 those plugins and so that your question
+i41F_EdYsLg-00771-00234784-00234992 you had two questions one was about this
+i41F_EdYsLg-00772-00234994-00235242 plug-in policy so we have a soft policy
+i41F_EdYsLg-00773-00235242-00235446 that we don't recommend that and you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00774-00235446-00235629 don't need that and the second question
+i41F_EdYsLg-00775-00235630-00236262 was about this IP address did it attack
+i41F_EdYsLg-00776-00236263-00236628 other sites so this IP address actually
+i41F_EdYsLg-00777-00236629-00237081 is a known bad actor and we've been
+i41F_EdYsLg-00778-00237082-00237344 sharing this IP address with other
+i41F_EdYsLg-00779-00237346-00237692 security with security companies in the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00780-00237694-00238367 field but it's really difficult to like
+i41F_EdYsLg-00781-00238369-00238569 the problem with this is with Internet
+i41F_EdYsLg-00782-00238569-00238725 is that when you're attacking you can
+i41F_EdYsLg-00783-00238726-00239096 just hop on many nodes and in this case
+i41F_EdYsLg-00784-00239098-00239408 this node points to Russia and it kind
+i41F_EdYsLg-00785-00239409-00239715 of makes it likely that the attacker was
+i41F_EdYsLg-00786-00239716-00239921 not Russian because it doesn't make
+i41F_EdYsLg-00787-00239923-00240158 sense to use the last node in your own
+i41F_EdYsLg-00788-00240159-00240480 country because then if the police gets
+i41F_EdYsLg-00789-00240481-00240726 a report to your country then you will
+i41F_EdYsLg-00790-00240727-00240912 get caught it's much better to hop like
+i41F_EdYsLg-00791-00240913-00241077 through ten different countries and it
+i41F_EdYsLg-00792-00241078-00241191 will take ten years for the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00793-00241192-00241694 jurisdictions to do all the paperwork to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00794-00241696-00241859 do all the checkups and all the logs
+i41F_EdYsLg-00795-00241860-00242088 have been deleted by they get get to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00796-00242089-00243187 that point and so on but the yeah
+i41F_EdYsLg-00797-00243188-00243473 so kind of related to your question
+i41F_EdYsLg-00798-00243473-00243689 about this so we have a system in place
+i41F_EdYsLg-00799-00243690-00243959 that if we had get too many we have like
+i41F_EdYsLg-00800-00243960-00244130 a internal blacklist of IP addresses
+i41F_EdYsLg-00801-00244131-00244294 that the adverse if we're seeing too
+i41F_EdYsLg-00802-00244296-00244466 much bad traffic from them then we block
+i41F_EdYsLg-00803-00244467-00245779 them out from our our network completely
+i41F_EdYsLg-00804-00245780-00246158 thank you for your presentation I'm
+i41F_EdYsLg-00805-00246159-00246396 wondering you're likely in the position
+i41F_EdYsLg-00806-00246398-00246662 that you have access to all these logs
+i41F_EdYsLg-00807-00246663-00246896 and you can analyze it because you're
+i41F_EdYsLg-00808-00246896-00247379 the host can you recommend tools to do
+i41F_EdYsLg-00809-00247380-00247837 this if you are on a shared hosting and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00810-00247838-00248162 not so lucky you a user and in the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00811-00248163-00248402 position to you to find these
+i41F_EdYsLg-00812-00248403-00248687 informations without those access to
+i41F_EdYsLg-00813-00248688-00248992 those logs yeah so I need to say what
+i41F_EdYsLg-00814-00248994-00249311 the previous speaker also said that if
+i41F_EdYsLg-00815-00249312-00249569 you're if you're like running on free
+i41F_EdYsLg-00816-00249569-00249752 hosting or very cheap hosting if you're
+i41F_EdYsLg-00817-00249753-00250013 paying less than 20 euros a month then
+i41F_EdYsLg-00818-00250014-00250466 you're like already screwed so you can't
+i41F_EdYsLg-00819-00250467-00250871 have any expectations at that level so
+i41F_EdYsLg-00820-00250871-00251071 you should you should make sure that
+i41F_EdYsLg-00821-00251073-00251423 whatever whatever solution you have for
+i41F_EdYsLg-00822-00251423-00251573 running your site then it it like
+i41F_EdYsLg-00823-00251573-00252092 includes like proper logging and for
+i41F_EdYsLg-00824-00252092-00252398 tools well we use lots of like you need
+i41F_EdYsLg-00825-00252398-00252605 to have SSH access to your site that's
+i41F_EdYsLg-00826-00252606-00252773 like in my opinion like the minimum
+i41F_EdYsLg-00827-00252773-00252998 feature and in many shared hosting
+i41F_EdYsLg-00828-00252998-00253190 environment you don't even have SSH
+i41F_EdYsLg-00829-00253191-00253390 access so that's already a no-no and
+i41F_EdYsLg-00830-00253391-00253637 then when you have SSH access then you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00831-00253638-00253994 can use standard Linux tools like our
+i41F_EdYsLg-00832-00253994-00254402 sink to get the logs and grep and said
+i41F_EdYsLg-00833-00254403-00254732 and sort and stuff like that to analyze
+i41F_EdYsLg-00834-00254733-00254963 the logs we don't have any fancy tools
+i41F_EdYsLg-00835-00254964-00255421 for that because it's just like there
+i41F_EdYsLg-00836-00255423-00255860 are so many ways that the like the
+i41F_EdYsLg-00837-00255861-00256205 attacks can go so so you need to kind of
+i41F_EdYsLg-00838-00256206-00256346 manually
+i41F_EdYsLg-00839-00256348-00256641 just what you're looking for from from
+i41F_EdYsLg-00840-00256642-00257567 from case to case I hope you're using
+i41F_EdYsLg-00841-00257569-00258177 SSH so yeah that's the primary tool you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00842-00258178-00258390 need to learn SSH and Linux command line
+i41F_EdYsLg-00843-00258391-00259371 that gets you a long way thank you
+i41F_EdYsLg-00844-00259373-00260063 [Applause]
+i60q474HxmA-00000-00000720-00000927 in the past two years six separate
+i60q474HxmA-00001-00000927-00001150 meta-analyses have been published on the
+i60q474HxmA-00002-00001151-00001311 relationship between fish consumption
+i60q474HxmA-00003-00001312-00001527 and type 2 diabetes
+i60q474HxmA-00004-00001528-00001671 the whole point of a meta-analysis
+i60q474HxmA-00005-00001672-00001807 though is to compile together the best
+i60q474HxmA-00006-00001807-00001934 studies done today and see what the
+i60q474HxmA-00007-00001935-00002175 overall balance of evidence shows the
+i60q474HxmA-00008-00002176-00002359 fact that there are six different ones
+i60q474HxmA-00009-00002360-00002575 published recently highlights how open
+i60q474HxmA-00010-00002576-00002767 the question remains
+i60q474HxmA-00011-00002768-00002991 one threat of consistency though was
+i60q474HxmA-00012-00002992-00003247 that fish consumers in the united states
+i60q474HxmA-00013-00003247-00003575 tend to be at greater risk for diabetes
+i60q474HxmA-00014-00003576-00003790 if you include europe too then fish
+i60q474HxmA-00015-00003792-00004047 eaters appeared to have a 38 increased
+i60q474HxmA-00016-00004047-00004367 risk of diabetes on a per serving basis
+i60q474HxmA-00017-00004368-00004519 that comes out to be about five percent
+i60q474HxmA-00018-00004520-00004670 increase in risk for every serving of
+i60q474HxmA-00019-00004671-00004879 fish one has per week
+i60q474HxmA-00020-00004880-00005022 to put that into perspective a serving
+i60q474HxmA-00021-00005023-00005254 of red meat is associated with 19
+i60q474HxmA-00022-00005255-00005518 increase in risk but that's per day
+i60q474HxmA-00023-00005519-00005718 just one serving of fish a week is five
+i60q474HxmA-00024-00005719-00005918 percent so a serving a day would be like
+i60q474HxmA-00025-00005919-00006215 a 35 increase in risk worse than red
+i60q474HxmA-00026-00006216-00006295 meat
+i60q474HxmA-00027-00006296-00006422 but why
+i60q474HxmA-00028-00006423-00006646 well fish intake and omega-3 fats may
+i60q474HxmA-00029-00006647-00006846 increase type 2 diabetes risk by
+i60q474HxmA-00030-00006847-00007134 increasing blood sugar levels as found
+i60q474HxmA-00031-00007136-00007319 in a review of the evidence commissioned
+i60q474HxmA-00032-00007320-00007542 by the u.s government an increase in
+i60q474HxmA-00033-00007543-00007942 blood sugars in diabetics given fish oil
+i60q474HxmA-00034-00007943-00008191 or maybe because the omega-3s cause
+i60q474HxmA-00035-00008192-00008487 oxidative stress a recent study found
+i60q474HxmA-00036-00008488-00008663 that the insulin-producing cells in the
+i60q474HxmA-00037-00008664-00008878 pancreas don't appear to work as well in
+i60q474HxmA-00038-00008879-00009071 people who eat two or more servings of
+i60q474HxmA-00039-00009072-00009239 fish a week
+i60q474HxmA-00040-00009240-00009399 or it may be because of the
+i60q474HxmA-00041-00009400-00009727 environmental contaminants that build up
+i60q474HxmA-00042-00009728-00009903 in fish
+i60q474HxmA-00043-00009904-00010039 it all started
+i60q474HxmA-00044-00010040-00010335 with agent orange we sprayed 20 million
+i60q474HxmA-00045-00010336-00010663 gallons of this stuff on vietnam
+i60q474HxmA-00046-00010664-00010831 and some of it was contaminated with
+i60q474HxmA-00047-00010832-00011063 trace amounts of dioxins
+i60q474HxmA-00048-00011064-00011263 so the red cross there estimates a
+i60q474HxmA-00049-00011264-00011487 million vietnamese were adversely
+i60q474HxmA-00050-00011488-00011599 affected
+i60q474HxmA-00051-00011600-00011838 what about all the servicemen the u.s
+i60q474HxmA-00052-00011839-00012127 servicemen who were exposed spraying it
+i60q474HxmA-00053-00012128-00012470 across the countryside
+i60q474HxmA-00054-00012471-00012703 reports have started showing up that
+i60q474HxmA-00055-00012704-00012871 veterans exposed to agent orange
+i60q474HxmA-00056-00012872-00013102 appeared to have higher diabetes rates
+i60q474HxmA-00057-00013103-00013319 than unexposed veterans
+i60q474HxmA-00058-00013319-00013511 a link that's now
+i60q474HxmA-00059-00013512-00013751 officially recognized
+i60q474HxmA-00060-00013752-00013919 these so-called persistent organic
+i60q474HxmA-00061-00013919-00014086 pollutants are mainly man-made
+i60q474HxmA-00062-00014087-00014303 industrial chemicals and among the most
+i60q474HxmA-00063-00014304-00014511 hazardous compounds ever synthesized
+i60q474HxmA-00064-00014512-00014743 they include dioxins pcbs certain
+i60q474HxmA-00065-00014744-00014927 chlorine containing pesticides all of
+i60q474HxmA-00066-00014928-00015135 which are highly resistant to breaking
+i60q474HxmA-00067-00015136-00015358 down in the environment
+i60q474HxmA-00068-00015359-00015479 initially described for their
+i60q474HxmA-00069-00015480-00015647 deleterious effect on reproductive
+i60q474HxmA-00070-00015647-00015822 function and their ability to cause
+i60q474HxmA-00071-00015823-00016038 cancer there is now growing body of
+i60q474HxmA-00072-00016040-00016166 evidence
+i60q474HxmA-00073-00016168-00016279 showing that exposure to these
+i60q474HxmA-00074-00016280-00016527 pollutants leads to metabolic diseases
+i60q474HxmA-00075-00016528-00016799 such as diabetes
+i60q474HxmA-00076-00016800-00017039 this is a breakthrough
+i60q474HxmA-00077-00017040-00017311 that should require our greatest
+i60q474HxmA-00078-00017312-00019471 attention
+i60q474HxmA-00079-00019472-00019680 you
+i6oFTUmojwc-00000-00000187-00000599 okay hello today we're gonna have a
+i6oFTUmojwc-00001-00000600-00000788 German lesson as you know I'm from
+i6oFTUmojwc-00002-00000789-00001100 Germany but we have Jay from Singapore
+i6oFTUmojwc-00003-00001101-00001544 thank you from typo Hong Kong so they
+i6oFTUmojwc-00004-00001545-00001789 don't really know German and how good
+i6oFTUmojwc-00005-00001791-00002143 are you at German zero how good are you
+i6oFTUmojwc-00006-00002144-00002417 eat the leaf sauce right okay that's a
+i6oFTUmojwc-00007-00002418-00002582 little bit he's actually quite good at
+i6oFTUmojwc-00008-00002583-00002725 language so we're gonna do it like this
+i6oFTUmojwc-00009-00002726-00002900 they're gonna read German words that
+i6oFTUmojwc-00010-00002901-00003089 look difficult or strange some of my
+i6oFTUmojwc-00011-00003090-00003245 shorter some time longer she knows
+i6oFTUmojwc-00012-00003246-00003434 nothing and I think her pronunciation
+i6oFTUmojwc-00013-00003435-00003626 would be terrible he is quite good at
+i6oFTUmojwc-00014-00003627-00003920 pronouncing a little bit but I will say
+i6oFTUmojwc-00015-00003921-00004049 the right one after they try to
+i6oFTUmojwc-00016-00004050-00004229 pronounce it first and I want them to
+i6oFTUmojwc-00017-00004230-00004397 guess the meaning as well and I'm going
+i6oFTUmojwc-00018-00004398-00004718 to be a yeah I I'm gonna amuse myself
+i6oFTUmojwc-00019-00004719-00007689 and see how I guess which two points
+i6oFTUmojwc-00020-00007690-00008441 hang five points okay
+i6oFTUmojwc-00021-00008442-00009695 it's a scrambled egg what what is
+i6oFTUmojwc-00022-00009696-00010535 just awful two points little out that's
+i6oFTUmojwc-00023-00010536-00010981 better guess the meaning no okay maybe
+i6oFTUmojwc-00024-00010982-00011096 school no not school
+i6oFTUmojwc-00025-00011097-00011242 son of a building vehicle okay you're
+i6oFTUmojwc-00026-00011243-00011456 both wrong it's ice skating next one
+i6oFTUmojwc-00027-00011457-00012564 maybe what nice okay six points it's a
+i6oFTUmojwc-00028-00012565-00012799 challenging tell you for those again I
+i6oFTUmojwc-00029-00012800-00013113 function I own
+i6oFTUmojwc-00031-00023353-00024488 six points all paid for itself it means
+i6oFTUmojwc-00032-00024489-00024644 environmental pollution
+i6oFTUmojwc-00033-00024645-00024892 - Tucker
+i6oFTUmojwc-00034-00024893-00025970 quite quite engine we should say okay
+i6oFTUmojwc-00035-00025972-00026289 it's got key to engine I'm not gonna
+i6oFTUmojwc-00036-00026291-00026542 study German I'm not gonna what could it
+i6oFTUmojwc-00037-00026543-00026877 mean quiet library no quiet chief
+i6oFTUmojwc-00038-00026878-00027142 something okey can you go there you see
+i6oFTUmojwc-00039-00027143-00027406 the sea to see the match the orange
+i6oFTUmojwc-00040-00027407-00027746 magining the rubber duckie exactly
+i6oFTUmojwc-00041-00027747-00028081 creature engine this means a kitchen
+i6oFTUmojwc-00042-00028082-00028512 that's a verb to like screw you an
+i6oFTUmojwc-00043-00028513-00029155 engine is a ducky exactly if you're
+i6oFTUmojwc-00044-00029156-00029337 interested in German yeah that's that's
+i6oFTUmojwc-00045-00029338-00029689 how to write it engine engine magic me
+i6oFTUmojwc-00046-00029689-00029824 if you're interested in learning German
+i6oFTUmojwc-00047-00029825-00029995 okay you can find me on social media and
+i6oFTUmojwc-00048-00029995-00030214 ice contact us and I'll teach you how to
+i6oFTUmojwc-00049-00030214-00030393 pronounce the lieutenant in luck
+i6oFTUmojwc-00050-00030394-00030546 lieutenant
+i6oFTUmojwc-00051-00030547-00030903 yeah shut up lieutenant
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00000-00000128-00000767 fbi open up
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00001-00000768-00001429 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00002-00001430-00001910 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00003-00001911-00002304 two thousand years later
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00004-00002305-00003053 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00005-00003054-00003959 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00006-00003960-00004238 hey what happened
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00007-00004239-00004419 sing sing
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00008-00004420-00005295 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00009-00005296-00006030 no
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00010-00006031-00006575 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00011-00006576-00007559 hey
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00012-00007559-00007877 nope
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00013-00007878-00009959 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00014-00009960-00010111 sing sing
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00016-00013384-00013618 get over here
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00017-00013619-00014311 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00018-00014312-00014735 good job
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00019-00014736-00014894 like you
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00020-00014895-00015047 be strong
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00021-00015047-00015528 to hold the powers of the sun
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00022-00015529-00016015 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00023-00016016-00016175 to dream
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00024-00016176-00016335 believe
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00025-00016336-00016863 in strength now i'm the only one
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00026-00016864-00016986 only
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00027-00016987-00018230 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00028-00018231-00018471 until i broke the rules my life
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00029-00018472-00018695 destroyed
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00030-00018696-00019191 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00031-00019192-00019663 until i walk away scream my mind
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00032-00019664-00019807 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00033-00019808-00020007 shakes
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00034-00020008-00020511 how much
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00035-00020512-00021535 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00036-00021536-00021958 can i be your superhero
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00037-00021959-00022384 superheroes
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00038-00022385-00023871 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00039-00023872-00024186 superhero
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00040-00024187-00025606 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00041-00025607-00025774 fly all
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00042-00025775-00026014 away
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00043-00026016-00026256 it's the first time of today
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00044-00026257-00026495 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00045-00026495-00026652 today
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00046-00026654-00027270 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00047-00027272-00027974 you are the strength
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00048-00027975-00029287 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00049-00029288-00029577 you're a superhero
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00050-00029577-00030495 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00051-00030495-00030847 can i be your superhero
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00052-00030848-00031246 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00053-00031247-00031567 superhero
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00054-00031568-00031983 superhero
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00055-00031983-00032336 [Applause]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00056-00032337-00033223 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00057-00033224-00033605 what does perfect even mean
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00058-00033606-00034746 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00059-00034747-00035118 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00060-00035119-00035351 i'm just so fed up with these
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00061-00035352-00035846 expectations they keep weighing me down
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00062-00035847-00036519 my heart is
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00063-00036520-00038454 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00064-00038455-00038790 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00065-00038791-00039246 it gets ingrained in my head and i start
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00066-00039247-00039543 to
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00067-00039544-00039800 honey
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00069-00043368-00045055 every single thing
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00070-00045056-00046279 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00071-00046280-00047280 wow
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00072-00047281-00047774 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00073-00047775-00047886 to
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00074-00047887-00048071 think
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00075-00048072-00048350 honey i'm a perfect day
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00076-00048351-00050711 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00077-00050712-00050903 oh
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00078-00050904-00053830 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00079-00053832-00054150 whenever your heart is broken
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00080-00054151-00054471 don't ever forget you're golden
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00081-00054472-00054719 i will find the light in your soul i'll
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00082-00054720-00055004 be there
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00083-00055005-00055257 [Applause]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00084-00055258-00056802 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00085-00056803-00057103 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00086-00057104-00057366 is
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00087-00057366-00057566 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00088-00057567-00057592 [Applause]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00089-00057594-00060230 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00090-00060232-00060387 baby you
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00091-00060388-00061087 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00092-00061088-00061765 i'll be there
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00093-00061766-00064575 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00094-00064576-00065086 i'll be your heart
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00095-00065087-00066631 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00096-00066632-00067184 wow
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00097-00067185-00067535 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00098-00067536-00067839 yes
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00099-00067840-00067858 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00100-00067859-00068068 [Applause]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00101-00068069-00069015 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00102-00069016-00069772 bye
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00103-00069773-00070294 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00104-00070295-00070821 um
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00105-00070822-00071615 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00107-00075439-00076107 don't you want to feel right
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00109-00079888-00080098 you
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00110-00080099-00081255 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00111-00081256-00082750 without
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00112-00082751-00083295 don't you wanna feel right again
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00114-00088288-00088489 in
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00115-00088490-00089206 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00116-00089207-00089526 the seasons come and go like thoughts of
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00117-00089527-00089855 you
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00118-00089856-00090255 like a wave returns to the sea into the
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00119-00090256-00090503 blue
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00120-00090504-00090871 and they change but in a cycle
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00121-00090872-00091182 that i can't
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00122-00091183-00091550 each painful but delightful
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00123-00091551-00091926 to live through
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00124-00091927-00092355 you came into my life just like
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00125-00092356-00092879 another season not for long just a time
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00126-00092880-00093247 just like another season
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00127-00093248-00093535 maybe this time next year you'll
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00128-00093536-00094055 reappear for no reason but
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00129-00094056-00094698 everyday
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00130-00094699-00095791 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00131-00095792-00096022 uh
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00132-00096023-00097143 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00133-00097144-00097447 the seasons turn and change just like
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00134-00097448-00097665 your mind
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00135-00097666-00097799 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00136-00097800-00098126 like the sun gives into the moon into
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00137-00098127-00098503 the night
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00138-00098504-00098799 time continues marching
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00139-00098800-00099167 it slowly crawls
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00140-00099168-00099457 with each new one starting
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00141-00099458-00100535 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00142-00100536-00102367 not for long just a time just like
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00143-00102368-00102642 is
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00144-00102643-00105086 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00145-00105088-00105743 each time of year carries memories
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00146-00105744-00106151 like a never fading whisper in the
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00147-00106152-00106407 breeze
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00148-00106408-00106790 or we will keep on changing
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00149-00106791-00107063 all over again
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00150-00107064-00107834 yeah we will keep on changing
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00151-00107835-00108564 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00152-00108565-00109265 [Applause]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00153-00109266-00109647 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00154-00109648-00109767 is
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00155-00109768-00111415 [Music]
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00156-00111416-00111792 just like another season
+i7qXLslIS1Q-00157-00111793-00112277 [Music]
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00000-00000052-00001081 [Music]
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00001-00001082-00002455 thank you
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00002-00002456-00004729 [Music]
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00003-00004730-00005215 thank you
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00004-00005216-00007205 [Music]
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00005-00007206-00007583 foreign
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00006-00007584-00007915 foreign
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00008-00011645-00011725 [Applause]
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00009-00011726-00012731 [Music]
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00010-00012732-00013744 foreign
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00011-00013744-00015053 [Music]
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00012-00015054-00015161 foreign
+i8xiZRHRwp0-00013-00015162-00015462 foreign
+iq3XjemmArQ-00000-00000000-00000167 great white shark
+iq3XjemmArQ-00001-00000168-00000401 the great white shark also known as the
+iq3XjemmArQ-00002-00000401-00000647 great white shark or white pointer is a
+iq3XjemmArQ-00003-00000648-00000833 species of large Mackerel Shark which
+iq3XjemmArQ-00004-00000834-00000989 can be found in the coastal surface
+iq3XjemmArQ-00005-00000990-00001216 waters of all the major oceans
+iq3XjemmArQ-00006-00001217-00001445 it is notable for its size with larger
+iq3XjemmArQ-00007-00001446-00001714 female individuals growing to 6.1 meters
+iq3XjemmArQ-00008-00001716-00002029 in length and 1905 to
+iq3XjemmArQ-00009-00002030-00002375 2268 kilograms in weight at maturity
+iq3XjemmArQ-00010-00002376-00002621 however most are smaller males measure
+iq3XjemmArQ-00011-00002622-00002945 3.4 to 4.0 meters and females measure
+iq3XjemmArQ-00012-00002946-00003256 4.6 to 4.9 meters on average
+iq3XjemmArQ-00013-00003257-00003551 according to a 2014 study the lifespan
+iq3XjemmArQ-00014-00003552-00003761 of great white sharks is estimated to be
+iq3XjemmArQ-00015-00003761-00003983 as long as 70 years or more well above
+iq3XjemmArQ-00016-00003984-00004169 previous estimates making it one of the
+iq3XjemmArQ-00017-00004170-00004349 longest lived cartilaginous fishes
+iq3XjemmArQ-00018-00004350-00004469 currently known
+iq3XjemmArQ-00019-00004470-00004691 according to the same study male great
+iq3XjemmArQ-00020-00004692-00004931 white sharks take 26 years to reach
+iq3XjemmArQ-00021-00004932-00005152 sexual maturity while the females take
+iq3XjemmArQ-00022-00005153-00005345 33 years to be ready to produce
+iq3XjemmArQ-00023-00005346-00005465 offspring
+iq3XjemmArQ-00024-00005466-00005686 great white sharks can swim at speeds of
+iq3XjemmArQ-00025-00005687-00005938 25 kilometers per hour for short bursts
+iq3XjemmArQ-00026-00005939-00006220 and a depths of 1 200 meters
+iq3XjemmArQ-00027-00006221-00006425 the great white shark has no known
+iq3XjemmArQ-00028-00006426-00006617 natural Predators other than on very
+iq3XjemmArQ-00029-00006618-00006827 rare occasions the killer whale
+iq3XjemmArQ-00030-00006828-00007060 it is arguably the world's largest known
+iq3XjemmArQ-00031-00007061-00007283 extant macro predatory fish and is one
+iq3XjemmArQ-00032-00007284-00007433 of the primary predators of marine
+iq3XjemmArQ-00033-00007434-00007637 mammals up to the size of large Baleen
+iq3XjemmArQ-00034-00007638-00007733 whales
+iq3XjemmArQ-00035-00007734-00007973 this shark is also known to Prey Upon a
+iq3XjemmArQ-00036-00007973-00008123 variety of other marine animals
+iq3XjemmArQ-00037-00008123-00008369 including fish and seabirds
+iq3XjemmArQ-00038-00008370-00008585 it is the only known surviving species
+iq3XjemmArQ-00039-00008586-00008783 of its genus culturoden and is
+iq3XjemmArQ-00040-00008784-00008992 responsible for more recorded human bite
+iq3XjemmArQ-00041-00008993-00009196 incidents than any other shark
+iq3XjemmArQ-00042-00009197-00009431 the species faces numerous ecological
+iq3XjemmArQ-00043-00009432-00009605 challenges which has resulted in
+iq3XjemmArQ-00044-00009606-00009767 international protection
+iq3XjemmArQ-00045-00009768-00010042 the iucn lists the great white shark as
+iq3XjemmArQ-00046-00010043-00010246 a vulnerable species and it is included
+iq3XjemmArQ-00047-00010247-00010541 in appendix 2 of sites it is also
+iq3XjemmArQ-00048-00010542-00010673 protected by several National
+iq3XjemmArQ-00049-00010674-00010889 governments such as Australia
+iq3XjemmArQ-00050-00010890-00011146 the novel Jaws by Peter benchley and its
+iq3XjemmArQ-00051-00011147-00011333 subsequent film adaptation by Steven
+iq3XjemmArQ-00052-00011334-00011542 Spielberg depicted the great white shark
+iq3XjemmArQ-00053-00011543-00011837 as a ferocious man-eater humans are not
+iq3XjemmArQ-00054-00011838-00011992 the preferred prey of the great white
+iq3XjemmArQ-00055-00011993-00012142 shark but the great white is
+iq3XjemmArQ-00056-00012143-00012323 nevertheless responsible for the largest
+iq3XjemmArQ-00057-00012324-00012545 number of reported and identified fatal
+iq3XjemmArQ-00058-00012546-00012796 unprovoked shark attacks on humans
+iq3XjemmArQ-00059-00012797-00012958 due to their need to travel long
+iq3XjemmArQ-00060-00012959-00013175 distances for seasonal migration and
+iq3XjemmArQ-00061-00013176-00013355 extremely demanding diet it is not
+iq3XjemmArQ-00062-00013356-00013522 logistically feasible to keep great
+iq3XjemmArQ-00063-00013523-00013841 white sharks in captivity no aquarium in
+iq3XjemmArQ-00064-00013841-00014008 the world is currently believed to own
+iq3XjemmArQ-00065-00014009-00014086 one
+iq3XjemmArQ-00066-00014087-00014303 anatomy and appearance
+iq3XjemmArQ-00067-00014304-00014543 the great white shark has a robust large
+iq3XjemmArQ-00068-00014544-00014686 conical snout
+iq3XjemmArQ-00069-00014687-00014879 the upper and lower lobes on the tail
+iq3XjemmArQ-00070-00014880-00015065 fin are approximately the same size
+iq3XjemmArQ-00071-00015066-00015322 which is similar to some mackerel sharks
+iq3XjemmArQ-00072-00015323-00015533 a great white displays counter shading
+iq3XjemmArQ-00073-00015534-00015725 by having a white Underside and a gray
+iq3XjemmArQ-00074-00015726-00015911 dorsal area that gives an overall
+iq3XjemmArQ-00075-00015912-00016066 mottled appearance
+iq3XjemmArQ-00076-00016068-00016265 the coloration makes it difficult for
+iq3XjemmArQ-00077-00016266-00016450 prey to spot the shark because it breaks
+iq3XjemmArQ-00078-00016451-00016625 up the shark's outline when seen from
+iq3XjemmArQ-00079-00016626-00016733 the side
+iq3XjemmArQ-00080-00016734-00016955 from above the darker shade blends with
+iq3XjemmArQ-00081-00016956-00017141 the sea and from below it exposes a
+iq3XjemmArQ-00082-00017142-00017344 minimal silhouette against the sunlight
+iq3XjemmArQ-00083-00017345-00017608 lucism is extremely rare in this species
+iq3XjemmArQ-00084-00017609-00017794 but has been documented in one great
+iq3XjemmArQ-00085-00017795-00017921 white shark
+iq3XjemmArQ-00086-00017922-00018113 great white sharks like many other
+iq3XjemmArQ-00087-00018114-00018299 sharks have rows of serrated teeth
+iq3XjemmArQ-00088-00018300-00018479 behind the main ones ready to replace
+iq3XjemmArQ-00089-00018480-00018653 any that break off
+iq3XjemmArQ-00090-00018654-00018869 when the shark bites it shakes its head
+iq3XjemmArQ-00091-00018870-00019091 side to side helping the teeth Soar Off
+iq3XjemmArQ-00092-00019092-00019264 large chunks of Flesh
+iq3XjemmArQ-00093-00019265-00019486 great white sharks like other mackerel
+iq3XjemmArQ-00094-00019487-00019672 sharks have larger eyes than other shark
+iq3XjemmArQ-00095-00019673-00019967 species in proportion to their body size
+iq3XjemmArQ-00096-00019968-00020164 the iris of the eye is a deep blue
+iq3XjemmArQ-00097-00020165-00020297 instead of black
+iq3XjemmArQ-00098-00020298-00020464 adaptations
+iq3XjemmArQ-00099-00020465-00020711 great white sharks like all other sharks
+iq3XjemmArQ-00100-00020712-00020914 have an extra sense given by the ample
+iq3XjemmArQ-00101-00020915-00021107 of lorenzini which enables them to
+iq3XjemmArQ-00102-00021108-00021311 detect the electromagnetic field emitted
+iq3XjemmArQ-00103-00021312-00021521 by the movement of living animals
+iq3XjemmArQ-00104-00021522-00021725 great whites are so sensitive they can
+iq3XjemmArQ-00105-00021726-00021922 detect variations of half a billionth of
+iq3XjemmArQ-00106-00021923-00022211 a volt at close range this allows the
+iq3XjemmArQ-00107-00022212-00022439 shark to locate even a mobile Animals by
+iq3XjemmArQ-00108-00022440-00022708 detecting their heartbeat most fish have
+iq3XjemmArQ-00109-00022709-00022913 a less developed but similar sense using
+iq3XjemmArQ-00110-00022914-00023093 their body's lateral line
+iq3XjemmArQ-00111-00023094-00023339 to more successfully hunt fast and agile
+iq3XjemmArQ-00112-00023340-00023536 prey such as sea lions the great white
+iq3XjemmArQ-00113-00023537-00023705 has adapted to maintain a body
+iq3XjemmArQ-00114-00023706-00023878 temperature warmer than the surrounding
+iq3XjemmArQ-00115-00023879-00024149 water one of these adaptations is a
+iq3XjemmArQ-00116-00024150-00024286 ready mirabile
+iq3XjemmArQ-00117-00024287-00024508 this close web-like structure of veins
+iq3XjemmArQ-00118-00024509-00024725 and arteries located along each lateral
+iq3XjemmArQ-00119-00024726-00024911 side of the shark conserves Heat by
+iq3XjemmArQ-00120-00024912-00025097 warming the cooler arterial blood with
+iq3XjemmArQ-00121-00025098-00025271 the venous blood that has been warmed by
+iq3XjemmArQ-00122-00025272-00025427 the working muscles
+iq3XjemmArQ-00123-00025428-00025637 this keeps certain parts of the body at
+iq3XjemmArQ-00124-00025638-00025834 temperatures up to 14 degrees Celsius
+iq3XjemmArQ-00125-00025835-00026002 above that of the surrounding water
+iq3XjemmArQ-00126-00026004-00026231 while the heart and gills remain at Sea
+iq3XjemmArQ-00127-00026232-00026327 temperature
+iq3XjemmArQ-00128-00026327-00026537 when conserving energy the core body
+iq3XjemmArQ-00129-00026538-00026699 temperature can drop to match the
+iq3XjemmArQ-00130-00026700-00026818 surroundings
+iq3XjemmArQ-00131-00026819-00027052 a great white shark's success in raising
+iq3XjemmArQ-00132-00027054-00027245 its core temperature is an example of
+iq3XjemmArQ-00133-00027245-00027539 gigantothermi therefore the great white
+iq3XjemmArQ-00134-00027539-00027731 shark can be considered an endothermic
+iq3XjemmArQ-00135-00027732-00027952 poiculotherm or mesotherm because its
+iq3XjemmArQ-00136-00027954-00028151 body temperature is not constant but is
+iq3XjemmArQ-00137-00028152-00028307 internally regulated
+iq3XjemmArQ-00138-00028308-00028529 great whites also rely on the fat and
+iq3XjemmArQ-00139-00028530-00028685 oils stored within their livers for
+iq3XjemmArQ-00140-00028686-00028889 long-distance migrations across nutrient
+iq3XjemmArQ-00141-00028889-00029105 poor areas of the oceans
+iq3XjemmArQ-00142-00029106-00029333 Studies by Stanford University and the
+iq3XjemmArQ-00143-00029333-00029543 Monterey Bay Aquarium published on the
+iq3XjemmArQ-00144-00029544-00029801 17th of July 2013 revealed that in
+iq3XjemmArQ-00145-00029802-00029962 addition to controlling the shark's
+iq3XjemmArQ-00146-00029963-00030167 buoyancy the liver of great whites is
+iq3XjemmArQ-00147-00030168-00030401 essential in migration patterns
+iq3XjemmArQ-00148-00030402-00030611 shocks that sink faster during drift
+iq3XjemmArQ-00149-00030612-00030779 Dives were revealed to use up their
+iq3XjemmArQ-00150-00030780-00030958 internal stores of energy quicker than
+iq3XjemmArQ-00151-00030960-00031114 those which sink in a dive at more
+iq3XjemmArQ-00152-00031116-00031396 leisurely rates toxicity from heavy
+iq3XjemmArQ-00153-00031397-00031552 metals seems to have little negative
+iq3XjemmArQ-00154-00031554-00031774 effects on great white sharks
+iq3XjemmArQ-00155-00031775-00032051 blood samples taken from 43 individuals
+iq3XjemmArQ-00156-00032052-00032273 of varying size age and sex off the
+iq3XjemmArQ-00157-00032274-00032495 South African Coast LED by biologists
+iq3XjemmArQ-00158-00032495-00032723 from the University of Miami in 2012
+iq3XjemmArQ-00159-00032724-00032933 indicates that despite high levels of
+iq3XjemmArQ-00160-00032934-00033161 mercury lead and arsenic there was no
+iq3XjemmArQ-00161-00033162-00033329 sign of raised white blood cell count
+iq3XjemmArQ-00162-00033330-00033533 and granulate to lymphocyte ratios
+iq3XjemmArQ-00163-00033534-00033749 indicating the Sharks had healthy immune
+iq3XjemmArQ-00164-00033750-00034018 systems this discovery suggests a
+iq3XjemmArQ-00165-00034019-00034217 previously unknown physiological defense
+iq3XjemmArQ-00166-00034218-00034474 against heavy metal poisoning great
+iq3XjemmArQ-00167-00034475-00034631 whites are known to have a propensity
+iq3XjemmArQ-00168-00034632-00034793 for self-healing and avoiding
+iq3XjemmArQ-00169-00034794-00035105 age-related ailments bite force
+iq3XjemmArQ-00170-00035106-00035435 a 2007 study from the University of New
+iq3XjemmArQ-00171-00035436-00035717 South Wales in Sydney Australia used CT
+iq3XjemmArQ-00172-00035718-00035885 scans of a shark skull and computer
+iq3XjemmArQ-00173-00035886-00036083 models to measure the shark's maximum
+iq3XjemmArQ-00174-00036084-00036215 bite force
+iq3XjemmArQ-00175-00036216-00036407 the study reveals the forces and
+iq3XjemmArQ-00176-00036408-00036605 behaviors its skull is adapted to handle
+iq3XjemmArQ-00177-00036606-00036779 and resolves competing theories about
+iq3XjemmArQ-00178-00036780-00036952 its feeding Behavior
+iq3XjemmArQ-00179-00036953-00037259 in 2008 a team of scientists led by
+iq3XjemmArQ-00180-00037260-00037462 Stephen Rowe conducted an experiment to
+iq3XjemmArQ-00181-00037463-00037643 determine the great white shark's jaw
+iq3XjemmArQ-00182-00037644-00037829 power and findings indicated that a
+iq3XjemmArQ-00183-00037830-00037993 specimen massing
+iq3XjemmArQ-00184-00037994-00038285 3324 kilograms could exert a bite force
+iq3XjemmArQ-00185-00038286-00038596 of 18 216 Newtons
+iq3XjemmArQ-00186-00038597-00038879 thanks for watching if you enjoyed the
+iq3XjemmArQ-00187-00038880-00039241 video please like And subscribe
+iqTnp695W3I-00000-00000021-00000087 [Music]
+iqTnp695W3I-00001-00000088-00000303 the united states navy puts great
+iqTnp695W3I-00002-00000304-00000487 resources towards environmental
+iqTnp695W3I-00003-00000488-00000663 protection and doing what's right out
+iqTnp695W3I-00004-00000664-00000734 here at sea
+iqTnp695W3I-00005-00000735-00000902 it's where we operate it's where we work
+iqTnp695W3I-00006-00000903-00001158 and we're passionate about it
+iqTnp695W3I-00007-00001159-00001311 so as a member of the environmental team
+iqTnp695W3I-00008-00001312-00001511 our goal is to clear a mitigation zone
+iqTnp695W3I-00009-00001512-00001695 around the um the actual charge that
+iqTnp695W3I-00010-00001696-00001847 we're going to be using for this event
+iqTnp695W3I-00011-00001848-00001998 the zone is three and a half nautical
+iqTnp695W3I-00012-00002000-00002279 miles we start about five hours prior to
+iqTnp695W3I-00013-00002280-00002375 any event
+iqTnp695W3I-00014-00002376-00002518 and uh we're constantly clearing the
+iqTnp695W3I-00015-00002519-00002718 zone of any marine life we have
+iqTnp695W3I-00016-00002719-00002958 nine psos protected species of observers
+iqTnp695W3I-00017-00002959-00003134 we use high-powered
+iqTnp695W3I-00018-00003135-00003375 big eyes they're about 25 times the
+iqTnp695W3I-00019-00003376-00003583 power of a regular binocular or regular
+iqTnp695W3I-00020-00003584-00003654 eyesight
+iqTnp695W3I-00021-00003655-00003903 along with handheld binoculars that are
+iqTnp695W3I-00022-00003904-00004119 specialized for the marine environment
+iqTnp695W3I-00023-00004120-00004295 we also have environmental aircraft we
+iqTnp695W3I-00024-00004296-00004454 have a marked vessel which is uh short
+iqTnp695W3I-00025-00004455-00004615 for marine animal response team
+iqTnp695W3I-00026-00004616-00004831 we're looking for splashes any sort of
+iqTnp695W3I-00027-00004832-00005031 movement in the water that might
+iqTnp695W3I-00028-00005032-00005335 be a marine wildlife once we spot
+iqTnp695W3I-00029-00005336-00005606 what is a sighting we report that to our
+iqTnp695W3I-00030-00005607-00005663 protective
+iqTnp695W3I-00031-00005664-00005886 measures coordinator who tracks it on
+iqTnp695W3I-00032-00005887-00006006 their computer
+iqTnp695W3I-00033-00006007-00006159 i have some marine animal tracking
+iqTnp695W3I-00034-00006160-00006318 software here that
+iqTnp695W3I-00035-00006319-00006567 plots the sightings as i come in every
+iqTnp695W3I-00036-00006568-00006775 15 minutes rather updating the position
+iqTnp695W3I-00037-00006776-00006934 of the charge that our mitigation zone
+iqTnp695W3I-00038-00006936-00007039 is moving with us
+iqTnp695W3I-00039-00007040-00007239 the duration of the event could be ours
+iqTnp695W3I-00040-00007240-00007359 so we're actually trying to keep that
+iqTnp695W3I-00041-00007359-00007495 zone clear ahead of the ship
+iqTnp695W3I-00042-00007495-00007695 and also around the ship so our plane is
+iqTnp695W3I-00043-00007695-00007903 actually monitoring 15 miles ahead of
+iqTnp695W3I-00044-00007904-00007967 the
+iqTnp695W3I-00045-00007968-00008159 charge and then later later as we get
+iqTnp695W3I-00046-00008159-00008303 closer to detonation the plane will
+iqTnp695W3I-00047-00008304-00008455 actually come back and clear the actual
+iqTnp695W3I-00048-00008456-00008574 mitigation zone that three and a half
+iqTnp695W3I-00049-00008575-00008663 nautical miles
+iqTnp695W3I-00050-00008664-00008846 if we even noticed a splash beforehand
+iqTnp695W3I-00051-00008847-00009039 we notify the pmc right away
+iqTnp695W3I-00052-00009040-00009303 so that even if it's five minutes before
+iqTnp695W3I-00053-00009304-00009406 the shot trial
+iqTnp695W3I-00054-00009407-00009599 we will shut down and make sure that
+iqTnp695W3I-00055-00009600-00009799 that is not a marine wildlife that's in
+iqTnp695W3I-00056-00009800-00009895 the in the zone
+iqTnp695W3I-00057-00009896-00010135 and it will keep things on hold until it
+iqTnp695W3I-00058-00010136-00011143 exits the mitigation zone
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00000-00000248-00000559 okay guys here i sit
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00001-00000560-00000878 can't start the vehicle lots of power
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00002-00000880-00001135 no gas
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00003-00001136-00001278 i'm going to try a few other things yet
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00004-00001279-00001535 but
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00005-00001536-00001679 let me take you to where this all
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00006-00001680-00001807 started
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00007-00001807-00001951 i'll show you the
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00008-00001952-00002223 routine i had to go through here guys
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00009-00002224-00002471 let's just go for a walk
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00010-00002472-00002718 it is now a monday
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00011-00002719-00003031 and this happened to me on a saturday
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00012-00003032-00003647 saturday morning
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00013-00003647-00004151 oh look at the beautiful sun
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00014-00004152-00004343 guys let me just explain to you this how
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00015-00004344-00004615 this works here
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00016-00004616-00004870 on saturday morning
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00017-00004871-00005351 i went through the drive through here
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00018-00005352-00005743 right through here
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00019-00005744-00006111 somebody over there ordering
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00020-00006112-00006254 okay he came through the drive-through
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00021-00006255-00006334 here
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00022-00006335-00006503 sat here
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00023-00006504-00006775 ordered a
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00024-00006776-00007110 uh
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00025-00007111-00007310 farmer's sausage wrap
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00026-00007311-00007463 well they didn't have any sausage and
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00027-00007464-00007734 they didn't have any uh hash browns so i
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00028-00007736-00007959 said forget it i don't want it
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00029-00007959-00008214 i pulled away up to here
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00030-00008215-00008463 and right about here
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00031-00008464-00008895 is where the van died
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00032-00008896-00009236 this is where i died right here
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00033-00009237-00009446 [Music]
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00034-00009447-00009710 so that's the sequence of events so far
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00035-00009711-00009914 now it's going to cost me
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00036-00009915-00010223 160 dollars for a towing
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00037-00010224-00010399 just to get my vehicle
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00038-00010400-00010799 15 kilometers down the road
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00039-00010800-00010942 and then
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00040-00010943-00011283 if it is actually the fuel pump
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00041-00011284-00011438 uh
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00042-00011439-00011678 that's another over two hundred dollars
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00043-00011679-00011927 and then labor
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00044-00011928-00012263 so this is an expensive job here guys
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00045-00012264-00012399 yeah we're gonna be putting up on
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00046-00012400-00012623 willy's towing truck here
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00047-00012624-00012919 taking in and then we'll get it to see
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00048-00012919-00013071 what can happen
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00049-00013072-00013238 with the uh
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00050-00013240-00013399 why it won't start
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00051-00013400-00013694 having problems here with that anyway so
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00052-00013695-00013855 anyways guys
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00053-00013856-00014111 let's let him get it up on the
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00054-00014112-00014351 back of the van
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00055-00014352-00014647 and uh
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00056-00014647-00014991 okay guys
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00057-00014991-00015279 i'm taking her out to taking it out to
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00058-00015280-00015575 napa auto parts
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00059-00015576-00015703 we'll see if we can't get this thing
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00060-00015704-00015894 fixed
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00061-00015895-00016150 i hope it doesn't cost too much money
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00062-00016151-00016366 fuel pump would be the worst case
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00063-00016368-00016503 scenario but
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00064-00016504-00016886 we'll see
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00065-00016887-00017111 oh guys i had to leave my van in
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00066-00017112-00017263 overnight
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00067-00017264-00017494 nowhere to stay
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00068-00017495-00017655 so a friend of mine let me stay in his
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00069-00017656-00017847 unit here this is what i stayed in last
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00070-00017848-00018150 night
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00071-00018151-00018286 yeah i just wanted to say thank you
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00072-00018287-00018455 arlen for letting me stay in your unit
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00073-00018456-00018686 there overnight that was great
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00074-00018687-00018855 when you live in your unit and they say
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00075-00018856-00018991 it's going to have to stay overnight
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00076-00018992-00019167 well
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00077-00019168-00019383 now the now it's going to start costing
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00078-00019384-00019519 you
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00079-00019520-00019750 so anyway the rest of the story is that
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00080-00019751-00020094 they phoned me the next morning
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00081-00020095-00020263 they said your unit's done come and pick
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00082-00020264-00020471 it up
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00083-00020472-00020678 so listen to this guys i went to pick it
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00084-00020679-00020814 up
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00085-00020815-00020894 and
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00086-00020895-00021047 right away he says
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00087-00021048-00021303 well when we took the gas tank down
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00088-00021304-00021511 to put the new fuel pump in
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00089-00021512-00021791 uh the spout to fill
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00090-00021792-00021943 needed to be re
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00091-00021944-00022214 replaced so that's extra parts
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00092-00022215-00022367 but
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00093-00022368-00022486 they said they weren't going to charge
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00094-00022487-00022671 me for that
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00095-00022672-00022807 then he said
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00096-00022808-00023022 also we're going to take off half an
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00097-00023023-00023358 hour worth of labor
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00098-00023359-00023503 because it turned out a lot better than
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00099-00023504-00023694 they thought and they had found a
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00100-00023695-00023967 cheaper
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00101-00023968-00024135 fuel pump
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00102-00024136-00024294 so he said well it's going to cost you
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00103-00024295-00024503 600 bucks
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00104-00024504-00024742 and i said what
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00105-00024743-00024991 600 bucks you told me 800. i said this
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00106-00024992-00025222 is like winning a lottery
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00107-00025223-00025319 like
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00108-00025320-00025711 does that ever feel good so three times
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00109-00025712-00025927 in a row three times that i've been to
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00110-00025927-00026223 napa every single time that they quoted
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00111-00026224-00026414 me something and i went to pay on the
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00112-00026416-00026711 final day it was less than what i was
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00113-00026712-00026967 quoted so man
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00114-00026968-00027311 i was thumbs up to uh napa auto auto
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00115-00027312-00027414 service
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00116-00027416-00027623 um
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00117-00027624-00027918 i'll recommend these uh this uh napa
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00118-00027919-00028239 anytime they were just fantastic to me
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00119-00028239-00028487 and not only that guys when i when i
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00120-00028488-00028735 finally went and paid the guy says um
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00121-00028736-00028887 the owner he says
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00122-00028888-00029207 well napa has a roadside service also
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00123-00029208-00029423 it's not as good as other ones you only
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00124-00029424-00029655 get like 40 kilometers distance but
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00125-00029656-00029807 it'll take you to any napa which is
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00126-00029808-00030007 nationwide or anywhere you want to go
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00127-00030008-00030223 within 40 kilometers
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00128-00030224-00030358 so that
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00129-00030360-00030607 well i don't know i'll i'll wait and get
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00130-00030608-00030807 the canadian tire one so he said but
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00131-00030808-00030983 it's only like uh twenty dollars for
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00132-00030983-00031199 every for six months he says i'll tell
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00133-00031200-00031495 you what i'll buy you a a six month
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00134-00031495-00031718 uh
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00135-00031719-00031879 i'll buy you buy it for you for six
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00136-00031880-00032111 months so they not only
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00137-00032112-00032343 went down to six hundred dollars
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00138-00032344-00032527 gave me a part for free
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00139-00032527-00032783 took off a half an hour's worth of labor
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00140-00032784-00033007 and then paid for my
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00141-00033008-00033335 napa roadside assistance
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00142-00033336-00033559 so i highly recommend these guys thank
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00143-00033560-00033879 you to jeremy at uh medicine hat
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00144-00033880-00034087 napple nappa napple
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00145-00034088-00034374 medicine hat nappa
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00146-00034375-00034559 all right guys because i feel like i won
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00147-00034560-00034767 the lottery with my van
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00148-00034768-00034999 saving 200 bucks
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00149-00035000-00035255 feels like i won the lottery fantastic
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00150-00035256-00035446 so i think i'll treat myself to a supper
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00151-00035447-00035599 tonight a good one
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00152-00035600-00035815 so i'm here at a smorgasbord place let's
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00153-00035816-00035935 go in and have a look and see what they
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00154-00035936-00036599 got
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00155-00036600-00039215 foreign
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00156-00039216-00039495 it's my second plate guys
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00157-00039496-00039879 first one was all spaghetti
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00158-00039880-00040111 gotta go for mashed potatoes gravy at
+ir5tD8ecRxQ-00159-00040112-00040412 meat
+irTmYAuBEeo-00000-00000012-00000557 it's been 84 years Titanic I've you know
+irTmYAuBEeo-00001-00000558-00000784 hey internet I'm Stephen welcome to
+irTmYAuBEeo-00002-00000785-00000989 Arapahoe
+irTmYAuBEeo-00003-00000990-00001235 after three long months of waiting tress
+irTmYAuBEeo-00004-00001236-00001595 of the emerald sea is here you've
+irTmYAuBEeo-00005-00001596-00001768 probably seen like hundreds of other
+irTmYAuBEeo-00006-00001769-00001973 people open it up but now I'm gonna open
+irTmYAuBEeo-00007-00001973-00002165 it up and that's different for some
+irTmYAuBEeo-00008-00002166-00002410 reason because it's me and you like me
+irTmYAuBEeo-00009-00002411-00002645 the like 500 people who will watch this
+irTmYAuBEeo-00010-00002646-00002849 video like me book
+irTmYAuBEeo-00011-00002850-00002992 it's here it's here it's here it's
+irTmYAuBEeo-00012-00002993-00003263 finally here
+irTmYAuBEeo-00013-00003264-00003733 secret project number one trash
+irTmYAuBEeo-00014-00003734-00004156 ah yeah let's open this baby up
+irTmYAuBEeo-00015-00004157-00004319 so again at this point you've probably
+irTmYAuBEeo-00016-00004320-00004493 seen a bunch of other people open up
+irTmYAuBEeo-00017-00004494-00004661 their book it's not gonna be much of a
+irTmYAuBEeo-00018-00004662-00004811 surprise what's in here I mean obviously
+irTmYAuBEeo-00019-00004812-00004985 it's gonna be the book right it's tress
+irTmYAuBEeo-00020-00004986-00005201 we know it's going to be tress am I
+irTmYAuBEeo-00021-00005202-00005536 excited I told Sam
+irTmYAuBEeo-00022-00005537-00005820 pretty shiny goes boiling
+irTmYAuBEeo-00023-00005821-00006095 indeed right off the bat
+irTmYAuBEeo-00024-00006096-00006395 it was fantastic oh wow I've been trying
+irTmYAuBEeo-00025-00006396-00006605 to not look at other people's unboxings
+irTmYAuBEeo-00026-00006606-00006814 of this I know like what's in it I've
+irTmYAuBEeo-00027-00006815-00006995 seen just scrolling and seeing
+irTmYAuBEeo-00028-00006995-00007163 everything and you know you I know
+irTmYAuBEeo-00029-00007164-00007475 what's in it but I haven't like looked
+irTmYAuBEeo-00030-00007476-00007846 at stuff yet so this is lovely that's a
+irTmYAuBEeo-00031-00007847-00008117 really really really awesome pin of Vin
+irTmYAuBEeo-00032-00008118-00008314 2023 Begins the world premiere secret
+irTmYAuBEeo-00033-00008315-00008464 project one welcome to the year of
+irTmYAuBEeo-00034-00008465-00008878 Sanderson in April it's fine oh we find
+irTmYAuBEeo-00035-00008879-00009119 out actually who is doing the design of
+irTmYAuBEeo-00036-00009120-00009463 the cosmere character pins sundara Tang
+irTmYAuBEeo-00037-00009464-00009856 Sandra Sun Dot
+irTmYAuBEeo-00038-00009857-00010085 Tang
+irTmYAuBEeo-00039-00010086-00010414 Tang got address sticker which is going
+irTmYAuBEeo-00040-00010415-00010763 on a water bottle almost immediately a
+irTmYAuBEeo-00041-00010764-00011051 Tres sparkly oh it is a sparkly bookmark
+irTmYAuBEeo-00042-00011052-00011333 with the art by Howard Lyon and then of
+irTmYAuBEeo-00043-00011334-00011677 course an epic bookmark
+irTmYAuBEeo-00044-00011678-00012028 with actual like Star Charts that's cool
+irTmYAuBEeo-00045-00012029-00012251 these should theoretically be the same
+irTmYAuBEeo-00046-00012252-00012473 as the star chart in Arcanum unbounded
+irTmYAuBEeo-00047-00012474-00012737 if I recall correctly we've got Serenity
+irTmYAuBEeo-00048-00012738-00012983 which is a woman taldane
+irTmYAuBEeo-00049-00012984-00013319 is was like a tree roshar is The Shard
+irTmYAuBEeo-00050-00013319-00013601 Bearer oh an office and scheduler are in
+irTmYAuBEeo-00051-00013602-00013894 the same or was that a woman it's not as
+irTmYAuBEeo-00052-00013895-00014165 thick as their other giant bookmarks
+irTmYAuBEeo-00053-00014166-00014315 that they've done the other ones have
+irTmYAuBEeo-00054-00014316-00014555 been like big old thick plastic and have
+irTmYAuBEeo-00055-00014556-00014783 not fit in books very well this actually
+irTmYAuBEeo-00056-00014784-00015047 this feels like it's cardboard card
+irTmYAuBEeo-00057-00015047-00015263 stock
+irTmYAuBEeo-00058-00015263-00015533 and so it's a lot thinner which I
+irTmYAuBEeo-00059-00015534-00015719 actually appreciate
+irTmYAuBEeo-00060-00015719-00016001 and then of course
+irTmYAuBEeo-00061-00016002-00016211 the whole reason why we're here
+irTmYAuBEeo-00062-00016212-00016594 oh that is so pretty so the foiling on
+irTmYAuBEeo-00063-00016595-00016883 this took four passes for each section
+irTmYAuBEeo-00064-00016884-00017122 which is why it took so long so you've
+irTmYAuBEeo-00065-00017123-00017650 got the Black Gold this light green and
+irTmYAuBEeo-00066-00017651-00017879 then a dark green and then a dark green
+irTmYAuBEeo-00067-00017880-00018175 yeah four foiling processes on the front
+irTmYAuBEeo-00068-00018176-00018580 four on the spine and then four on the
+irTmYAuBEeo-00069-00018581-00018815 back which is one reason why it took so
+irTmYAuBEeo-00070-00018816-00018977 long to produce
+irTmYAuBEeo-00071-00018978-00019336 I'm pumped I'm curious of you wonderful
+irTmYAuBEeo-00072-00019337-00019636 viewers who waited until getting the
+irTmYAuBEeo-00073-00019637-00019786 hard copy to actually start reading
+irTmYAuBEeo-00074-00019787-00020063 tress my wife hasn't read it yet I
+irTmYAuBEeo-00075-00020064-00020375 devoured the ebook but she was waiting
+irTmYAuBEeo-00076-00020376-00020608 for the hard copy so finally after three
+irTmYAuBEeo-00077-00020609-00020747 months I'll be able to talk about this
+irTmYAuBEeo-00078-00020748-00020950 book with my wife
+irTmYAuBEeo-00079-00020951-00021064 okay
+irTmYAuBEeo-00080-00021065-00021341 you know what fine I'll allow it worth
+irTmYAuBEeo-00081-00021342-00021599 the weight a little pirate ship okay not
+irTmYAuBEeo-00082-00021600-00021821 necessarily a pirate ship but a ship on
+irTmYAuBEeo-00083-00021822-00022043 the background here I like this cover a
+irTmYAuBEeo-00084-00022044-00022283 lot better than the Tor cover mostly
+irTmYAuBEeo-00085-00022284-00022427 because every time I look at the tour
+irTmYAuBEeo-00086-00022428-00022600 cover it looks like tress is standing on
+irTmYAuBEeo-00087-00022601-00022835 a rock holding a cell phone lovely end
+irTmYAuBEeo-00088-00022836-00023044 papers by Howard and then the Dual
+irTmYAuBEeo-00089-00023045-00023255 colored Printing and again if you
+irTmYAuBEeo-00090-00023256-00023422 haven't read this stop watching right
+irTmYAuBEeo-00091-00023423-00023543 now because I'm going to look at all the
+irTmYAuBEeo-00092-00023544-00024011 art because it's gorgeous Howard you did
+irTmYAuBEeo-00093-00024012-00024307 such an incredible job
+irTmYAuBEeo-00094-00024308-00024793 as expected that's so cool this is
+irTmYAuBEeo-00095-00024794-00025067 lovely hey
+irTmYAuBEeo-00096-00025068-00025253 there we go
+irTmYAuBEeo-00097-00025254-00025444 yeah
+irTmYAuBEeo-00098-00025445-00025708 that's a really cool effect I love that
+irTmYAuBEeo-00099-00025710-00025943 going from the emerald to the Crimson
+irTmYAuBEeo-00100-00025944-00026429 sea and then oh man in that boat and the
+irTmYAuBEeo-00101-00026430-00026851 main event full page spread
+irTmYAuBEeo-00102-00026852-00027185 okay so things I didn't notice when I
+irTmYAuBEeo-00103-00027186-00027418 did my initial like cosmere connections
+irTmYAuBEeo-00104-00027419-00027677 thing of tress we've got Hoyt we've got
+irTmYAuBEeo-00105-00027677-00028043 him in socks and sandals but if you look
+irTmYAuBEeo-00106-00028044-00028385 at his shirt his shirt is the ghost
+irTmYAuBEeo-00107-00028386-00028614 blood symbol the ghost Bloods are making
+irTmYAuBEeo-00108-00028616-00028949 merchandise you guys yeah I love this
+irTmYAuBEeo-00109-00028950-00029345 the front end papers are the cups and
+irTmYAuBEeo-00110-00029345-00029614 the back end papers Huck and then the
+irTmYAuBEeo-00111-00029616-00029902 broken cup it's just it's lovely Howard
+irTmYAuBEeo-00112-00029904-00030179 Lyon did such a fantastic job designing
+irTmYAuBEeo-00113-00030180-00030467 this book all right we did it we finally
+irTmYAuBEeo-00114-00030468-00030712 got tress big thank you to my patrons
+irTmYAuBEeo-00115-00030713-00031018 you're all dogs in my heart but mostly
+irTmYAuBEeo-00116-00031019-00031312 thank you to Doug and also thank you to
+irTmYAuBEeo-00117-00031313-00031612 Matt who is like Doug equivalent thank
+irTmYAuBEeo-00118-00031613-00031889 you to my other dogs you all are really
+irTmYAuBEeo-00119-00031889-00032039 wonderful and appreciate all of your
+irTmYAuBEeo-00120-00032039-00032249 support thanks so much okay I know I
+irTmYAuBEeo-00121-00032250-00032452 promised at the end of my everything we
+irTmYAuBEeo-00122-00032453-00032651 know about sequel project 2 video that
+irTmYAuBEeo-00123-00032652-00032831 my next video is going to be cosmere
+irTmYAuBEeo-00124-00032832-00033155 connections for I did not expect so many
+irTmYAuBEeo-00125-00033156-00033389 things to happen that were gonna be
+irTmYAuBEeo-00126-00033390-00033635 worthy to make videos about but cosmere
+irTmYAuBEeo-00127-00033636-00033977 connections 4 is coming I promise I'm
+irTmYAuBEeo-00128-00033978-00034187 finalizing all of the research right now
+irTmYAuBEeo-00129-00034188-00034318 and I'm gonna film it and edit it and
+irTmYAuBEeo-00130-00034319-00034505 get it out as soon as I possibly can if
+irTmYAuBEeo-00131-00034506-00034690 not like immediately after this cosmere
+irTmYAuBEeo-00132-00034691-00034835 connections 4 is coming by the end of
+irTmYAuBEeo-00133-00034836-00035129 the month I promise the print book of
+irTmYAuBEeo-00134-00035130-00035362 secret project 2 should be coming out
+irTmYAuBEeo-00135-00035363-00035596 hopefully this month's still if you
+irTmYAuBEeo-00136-00035597-00035740 haven't read tress because you were
+irTmYAuBEeo-00137-00035741-00035957 waiting on the hard copy read and find
+irTmYAuBEeo-00138-00035958-00036083 out if you're not waiting on the hard
+irTmYAuBEeo-00139-00036084-00036287 copy for secret project 2 read and find
+irTmYAuBEeo-00140-00036288-00036473 out if you are waiting on the hard copy
+irTmYAuBEeo-00141-00036474-00037411 you can soon read and find out
+irTmYAuBEeo-00142-00037412-00037897 and that will be all I say the end
+irZnpzvs7eI-00000-00000143-00000532 hey tribe this is a video for total
+irZnpzvs7eI-00001-00000533-00000952 peace relief from anxiety and stress
+irZnpzvs7eI-00002-00000953-00001175 and I just want to show you my shirt
+irZnpzvs7eI-00003-00001176-00001504 this is homage to X-Files
+irZnpzvs7eI-00004-00001505-00001673 so if you like this shirt I have a link
+irZnpzvs7eI-00005-00001673-00001930 to it down below
+irZnpzvs7eI-00006-00001932-00002197 this video is great for anxiety
+irZnpzvs7eI-00007-00002198-00002539 depression stress reduction
+irZnpzvs7eI-00008-00002540-00002860 self-esteem releasing negative attitudes
+irZnpzvs7eI-00009-00002861-00003149 and other issues it'll help you to be
+irZnpzvs7eI-00010-00003150-00003359 more willing to the necessary changes
+irZnpzvs7eI-00011-00003360-00003688 and to greet life in a positive way so I
+irZnpzvs7eI-00012-00003689-00003875 want you to sit there
+irZnpzvs7eI-00013-00003876-00004120 and close your eyes
+irZnpzvs7eI-00014-00004121-00004565 and take in three deep breaths
+irZnpzvs7eI-00015-00004566-00004865 one
+irZnpzvs7eI-00016-00004866-00005159 two
+irZnpzvs7eI-00017-00005160-00005393 three
+irZnpzvs7eI-00018-00005394-00005603 enjoy the quiet
+irZnpzvs7eI-00019-00005604-00005813 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00020-00005814-00006341 enjoy the peaceful music
+irZnpzvs7eI-00021-00006342-00006695 focusing on your breathing
+irZnpzvs7eI-00022-00006695-00007123 letting each gentle exhale just take you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00023-00007123-00007642 deeper and deeper okay
+irZnpzvs7eI-00024-00007643-00007998 into a stage of pure
+irZnpzvs7eI-00025-00008000-00008214 relaxation
+irZnpzvs7eI-00026-00008215-00008537 and just calm
+irZnpzvs7eI-00027-00008538-00008710 still
+irZnpzvs7eI-00028-00008711-00008951 peace
+irZnpzvs7eI-00029-00008952-00009281 without falling asleep
+irZnpzvs7eI-00030-00009282-00009706 allowing the sound of my voice to
+irZnpzvs7eI-00031-00009707-00010110 continue taking you deeper
+irZnpzvs7eI-00032-00010111-00010523 and deeper okay
+irZnpzvs7eI-00033-00010524-00010938 and as you become more relaxed
+irZnpzvs7eI-00034-00010939-00011533 your subconscious mind your Deeper Self
+irZnpzvs7eI-00035-00011534-00011824 becomes more alert
+irZnpzvs7eI-00036-00011825-00012169 and the chatter of the conscious mind
+irZnpzvs7eI-00037-00012170-00012581 just becomes quieter
+irZnpzvs7eI-00038-00012582-00013019 your mind becomes relaxed right along
+irZnpzvs7eI-00039-00013019-00013330 with your body
+irZnpzvs7eI-00040-00013331-00013561 you're doing perfect
+irZnpzvs7eI-00041-00013562-00013972 reminding you that whatever the outside
+irZnpzvs7eI-00042-00013973-00014286 circumstances
+irZnpzvs7eI-00043-00014287-00014551 peace and Harmony
+irZnpzvs7eI-00044-00014552-00014821 are yours
+irZnpzvs7eI-00045-00014822-00015191 they belong to you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00046-00015191-00015503 so remind yourself whenever you're
+irZnpzvs7eI-00047-00015504-00015847 feeling anxious or tense
+irZnpzvs7eI-00048-00015847-00016363 peace and Harmony are mine
+irZnpzvs7eI-00049-00016363-00016789 peace is mine
+irZnpzvs7eI-00050-00016790-00017147 peace is mine
+irZnpzvs7eI-00051-00017148-00017500 take this time to open yourself
+irZnpzvs7eI-00052-00017501-00017963 to the best this world has to offer you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00053-00017964-00018355 and as you breathe peace and Harmony
+irZnpzvs7eI-00054-00018356-00018671 into your life
+irZnpzvs7eI-00055-00018672-00019013 that it's possible to make
+irZnpzvs7eI-00056-00019014-00019458 that is possible to continue to make
+irZnpzvs7eI-00057-00019459-00019763 changes in your life
+irZnpzvs7eI-00058-00019764-00020014 comfortably
+irZnpzvs7eI-00059-00020015-00020244 easily
+irZnpzvs7eI-00060-00020245-00020794 and safely yes it is you know it is
+irZnpzvs7eI-00061-00020795-00021107 so you can just open your heart to
+irZnpzvs7eI-00062-00021108-00021491 whatever is important to you right now
+irZnpzvs7eI-00063-00021492-00021941 whatever is necessary for your life
+irZnpzvs7eI-00064-00021942-00022103 right now
+irZnpzvs7eI-00065-00022104-00022339 being willing to make
+irZnpzvs7eI-00066-00022340-00022800 continuing to make changes
+irZnpzvs7eI-00067-00022801-00023425 knowing that you're safe and secure okay
+irZnpzvs7eI-00068-00023426-00023808 and you can just remind yourself
+irZnpzvs7eI-00069-00023809-00024199 anytime you feel stressed or anxious
+irZnpzvs7eI-00070-00024200-00024593 I am safe and secure
+irZnpzvs7eI-00071-00024594-00025180 yes I am safe and secure
+irZnpzvs7eI-00072-00025181-00025627 and peace is mine
+irZnpzvs7eI-00073-00025627-00025984 peace is mine
+irZnpzvs7eI-00074-00025985-00026152 yes
+irZnpzvs7eI-00075-00026154-00026561 you are capable you're more than capable
+irZnpzvs7eI-00076-00026562-00027293 of meeting any challenges with calmness
+irZnpzvs7eI-00077-00027294-00027570 with flexibility
+irZnpzvs7eI-00078-00027572-00027808 with confidence
+irZnpzvs7eI-00079-00027810-00028001 yes you are
+irZnpzvs7eI-00080-00028002-00028433 and with an optimistic attitude and
+irZnpzvs7eI-00081-00028433-00028702 Outlook yep
+irZnpzvs7eI-00082-00028704-00028955 because whether or not you're aware of
+irZnpzvs7eI-00083-00028956-00029255 it at a conscious level
+irZnpzvs7eI-00084-00029256-00029699 your life your whole entire life is
+irZnpzvs7eI-00085-00029700-00030124 coming into balance yes it is
+irZnpzvs7eI-00086-00030125-00030612 you are at one with all things
+irZnpzvs7eI-00087-00030613-00031096 all people all animals
+irZnpzvs7eI-00088-00031097-00031535 all the birds all the fish in the sea
+irZnpzvs7eI-00089-00031536-00031918 all the plants on the Earth
+irZnpzvs7eI-00090-00031919-00032189 all the streams of Consciousness from
+irZnpzvs7eI-00091-00032189-00032518 which you and I are a part of
+irZnpzvs7eI-00092-00032519-00032957 never forget to remember that you are
+irZnpzvs7eI-00093-00032958-00033359 doing the very best you can
+irZnpzvs7eI-00094-00033360-00033707 and that's all you're asked to do by
+irZnpzvs7eI-00095-00033708-00033905 that which created you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00096-00033906-00034127 yes it is
+irZnpzvs7eI-00097-00034128-00034402 you're doing a great job
+irZnpzvs7eI-00098-00034403-00034840 and as you relax more and more your
+irZnpzvs7eI-00099-00034841-00035293 eyelids they are just becoming so soft
+irZnpzvs7eI-00100-00035294-00035573 so heavy
+irZnpzvs7eI-00101-00035574-00035993 So Soft so heavy that they just feel
+irZnpzvs7eI-00102-00035994-00036335 like they want to stay shut
+irZnpzvs7eI-00103-00036336-00036724 it feels so comfortable and comforting
+irZnpzvs7eI-00104-00036725-00037205 to have your eyes closed yes it does
+irZnpzvs7eI-00105-00037206-00037523 and whenever they feel like they want to
+irZnpzvs7eI-00106-00037524-00037757 stay that way for a while
+irZnpzvs7eI-00107-00037758-00038057 you can just test them gently to make
+irZnpzvs7eI-00108-00038058-00038345 sure that they stay closed
+irZnpzvs7eI-00109-00038346-00038674 letting that be a sign of just how well
+irZnpzvs7eI-00110-00038675-00039059 you are receiving my suggestions okay
+irZnpzvs7eI-00111-00039060-00039329 and just let the softness of your
+irZnpzvs7eI-00112-00039330-00039917 eyelids just flow down your entire body
+irZnpzvs7eI-00113-00039918-00040349 feeling any last bit of tension just
+irZnpzvs7eI-00114-00040350-00040918 release just let go let it all go and
+irZnpzvs7eI-00115-00040919-00041129 you can experience this wonderful
+irZnpzvs7eI-00116-00041130-00041327 peacefulness
+irZnpzvs7eI-00117-00041328-00041518 in your life
+irZnpzvs7eI-00118-00041519-00041767 in your daily life
+irZnpzvs7eI-00119-00041768-00041962 anytime
+irZnpzvs7eI-00120-00041963-00042461 by simply remembering to inhale deeply
+irZnpzvs7eI-00121-00042462-00042779 and as you exhale think of the word
+irZnpzvs7eI-00122-00042780-00043067 peace
+irZnpzvs7eI-00123-00043068-00043487 and just allow yourself to become
+irZnpzvs7eI-00124-00043488-00043733 peaceful
+irZnpzvs7eI-00125-00043734-00043889 okay
+irZnpzvs7eI-00126-00043890-00044249 you can take the time that you need to
+irZnpzvs7eI-00127-00044250-00044362 learn
+irZnpzvs7eI-00128-00044363-00044674 to continue to learn
+irZnpzvs7eI-00129-00044675-00045137 to experience your life as more tranquil
+irZnpzvs7eI-00130-00045138-00045395 more balanced
+irZnpzvs7eI-00131-00045396-00045785 you are able to choose to experience
+irZnpzvs7eI-00132-00045786-00046283 your life in the most positive ways
+irZnpzvs7eI-00133-00046284-00046918 and to decide that internal peace and
+irZnpzvs7eI-00134-00046919-00047040 Harmony
+irZnpzvs7eI-00135-00047041-00047333 are your reality
+irZnpzvs7eI-00136-00047334-00047489 they are
+irZnpzvs7eI-00137-00047490-00047999 because it is your right to have a Calm
+irZnpzvs7eI-00138-00048000-00048190 Mind
+irZnpzvs7eI-00139-00048191-00048551 you can have excitement in your life
+irZnpzvs7eI-00140-00048552-00049007 and still be calm and peaceful on the
+irZnpzvs7eI-00141-00049008-00049408 inside you can be really busy at work
+irZnpzvs7eI-00142-00049409-00049921 and still have calmness and peacefulness
+irZnpzvs7eI-00143-00049922-00050185 within you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00144-00050186-00050512 and you can still face difficult
+irZnpzvs7eI-00145-00050513-00050705 challenges
+irZnpzvs7eI-00146-00050706-00051118 and still have within yourself
+irZnpzvs7eI-00147-00051119-00051851 a sense of easy gracefulness and balance
+irZnpzvs7eI-00148-00051852-00052313 each Breath You Take helps you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00149-00052314-00052932 to become more and more peaceful
+irZnpzvs7eI-00150-00052933-00053411 more and more at ease
+irZnpzvs7eI-00151-00053412-00053830 you're becoming more confident at where
+irZnpzvs7eI-00152-00053832-00054197 your journey is taking you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00153-00054198-00054509 you are more assured that you have a
+irZnpzvs7eI-00154-00054510-00055013 special Destiny within your existence
+irZnpzvs7eI-00155-00055014-00055332 so you can just release
+irZnpzvs7eI-00156-00055333-00055732 any person from your past
+irZnpzvs7eI-00157-00055733-00056111 or from your present time
+irZnpzvs7eI-00158-00056112-00056530 you can release any situation from your
+irZnpzvs7eI-00159-00056532-00056975 past or from your present time
+irZnpzvs7eI-00160-00056976-00057419 you can release any experience from your
+irZnpzvs7eI-00161-00057420-00057863 past or from your present time
+irZnpzvs7eI-00162-00057864-00058366 okay you can release anything that up
+irZnpzvs7eI-00163-00058367-00058865 until now has been unhelpful to you in
+irZnpzvs7eI-00164-00058866-00059044 any way
+irZnpzvs7eI-00165-00059045-00059237 yes you can
+irZnpzvs7eI-00166-00059238-00059644 for you decide what persons continue to
+irZnpzvs7eI-00167-00059645-00060004 have a hold over you and who will no
+irZnpzvs7eI-00168-00060005-00060466 longer continue to have a hold over you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00169-00060467-00060911 you decide which situations have a hold
+irZnpzvs7eI-00170-00060912-00061342 over you which situations continue to
+irZnpzvs7eI-00171-00061344-00061529 have a hold over you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00172-00061529-00061907 and will no longer be allowed to have a
+irZnpzvs7eI-00173-00061908-00062057 hold over you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00174-00062058-00062507 you decide what experiences continue to
+irZnpzvs7eI-00175-00062508-00062849 have a hold over you and which are no
+irZnpzvs7eI-00176-00062850-00063238 longer allowed to have a hold over you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00177-00063239-00063965 it's all up to you and it's all okay
+irZnpzvs7eI-00178-00063966-00064259 when you put your past or current
+irZnpzvs7eI-00179-00064260-00064606 situations into perspective
+irZnpzvs7eI-00180-00064607-00064938 you release their hold over you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00181-00064939-00065213 for good
+irZnpzvs7eI-00182-00065214-00065538 when you let go of negative experiences
+irZnpzvs7eI-00183-00065539-00066011 of the past or the current time
+irZnpzvs7eI-00184-00066012-00066376 you release their hold over you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00185-00066377-00066659 when you're able to forgive
+irZnpzvs7eI-00186-00066660-00067091 other persons who have wronged you you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00187-00067092-00067409 release their hold over you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00188-00067410-00067715 when you're able to let go
+irZnpzvs7eI-00189-00067716-00068255 you become aware of a newfound freedom
+irZnpzvs7eI-00190-00068256-00068687 aware that you have great courage within
+irZnpzvs7eI-00191-00068688-00068803 you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00192-00068804-00068981 confidence
+irZnpzvs7eI-00193-00068982-00069215 stamina
+irZnpzvs7eI-00194-00069216-00069497 and Power
+irZnpzvs7eI-00195-00069498-00069976 and an inner peacefulness
+irZnpzvs7eI-00196-00069977-00070303 and inner Stillness
+irZnpzvs7eI-00197-00070304-00070703 and that awareness stays with you as
+irZnpzvs7eI-00198-00070704-00071017 long as you wish it to
+irZnpzvs7eI-00199-00071018-00071399 therefore you can appreciate and love
+irZnpzvs7eI-00200-00071400-00071515 yourself
+irZnpzvs7eI-00201-00071516-00072149 Just As You Are yes you can you're able
+irZnpzvs7eI-00202-00072150-00072355 to accept yourself
+irZnpzvs7eI-00203-00072356-00072935 just as you are right now in this moment
+irZnpzvs7eI-00204-00072936-00073150 yes you can
+irZnpzvs7eI-00205-00073151-00073432 and you're able to accept others around
+irZnpzvs7eI-00206-00073433-00073888 you just as they are
+irZnpzvs7eI-00207-00073889-00074232 yes you can I know you can
+irZnpzvs7eI-00208-00074233-00074663 therefore you're able to move on to the
+irZnpzvs7eI-00209-00074664-00074819 next moment
+irZnpzvs7eI-00210-00074820-00075215 and the next moment and then the next
+irZnpzvs7eI-00211-00075216-00075563 moment and the moment after that
+irZnpzvs7eI-00212-00075564-00076049 in positive and creative ways
+irZnpzvs7eI-00213-00076050-00076381 and as a result of that you feel more
+irZnpzvs7eI-00214-00076382-00076800 relaxed more confident
+irZnpzvs7eI-00215-00076801-00077369 more balanced and even more joyful
+irZnpzvs7eI-00216-00077370-00077753 yes you do you know it deep inside
+irZnpzvs7eI-00217-00077754-00078082 for you are choosing to experience
+irZnpzvs7eI-00218-00078083-00078562 Harmony in the midst of disharmony
+irZnpzvs7eI-00219-00078563-00079031 you're choosing to find humor in life in
+irZnpzvs7eI-00220-00079032-00079379 the midst of all of its burdens
+irZnpzvs7eI-00221-00079380-00079894 you're choosing to experience joy in the
+irZnpzvs7eI-00222-00079895-00080315 midst of all the sadness and hurts
+irZnpzvs7eI-00223-00080316-00080782 and you're choosing to be relaxed in the
+irZnpzvs7eI-00224-00080783-00081067 midst of the most stressful situations
+irZnpzvs7eI-00225-00081068-00081461 yes you are I know you can
+irZnpzvs7eI-00226-00081462-00081815 you have the opportunity this
+irZnpzvs7eI-00227-00081816-00082259 opportunity right now to believe in
+irZnpzvs7eI-00228-00082260-00082750 yourself yes you can dear beloved yes
+irZnpzvs7eI-00229-00082751-00082997 believe in yourself
+irZnpzvs7eI-00230-00082998-00083525 every day every hour and every moment of
+irZnpzvs7eI-00231-00083526-00083771 your whole existence
+irZnpzvs7eI-00232-00083772-00084226 and each day you have the opportunity
+irZnpzvs7eI-00233-00084227-00084659 to choose thoughts and words that
+irZnpzvs7eI-00234-00084660-00085061 nourish and support life
+irZnpzvs7eI-00235-00085062-00085465 and that bring your total success
+irZnpzvs7eI-00236-00085466-00085944 in all positive things that you do
+irZnpzvs7eI-00237-00085945-00086387 more and more you're able to trust your
+irZnpzvs7eI-00238-00086388-00086771 decisions you're able to trust your own
+irZnpzvs7eI-00239-00086772-00087017 decisions
+irZnpzvs7eI-00240-00087018-00087467 because you're filled with loving and
+irZnpzvs7eI-00241-00087468-00087832 positive thought patterns
+irZnpzvs7eI-00242-00087833-00088271 you are aware of the healing of your
+irZnpzvs7eI-00243-00088272-00088638 mind body and spirit
+irZnpzvs7eI-00244-00088639-00089188 and as you continue to move more and
+irZnpzvs7eI-00245-00089189-00089500 more deeply
+irZnpzvs7eI-00246-00089501-00089755 in this hypnotic
+irZnpzvs7eI-00247-00089756-00090185 relaxed daydreaming experience
+irZnpzvs7eI-00248-00090186-00090635 your spirit is being lovingly cultivated
+irZnpzvs7eI-00249-00090636-00090887 recharged
+irZnpzvs7eI-00250-00090888-00091373 and it will continue to be so all the
+irZnpzvs7eI-00251-00091374-00091709 rest of your days all the rest of your
+irZnpzvs7eI-00252-00091710-00091894 existence
+irZnpzvs7eI-00253-00091895-00092311 now that you're in this nice peaceful
+irZnpzvs7eI-00254-00092312-00092662 harmonious State I just want you to sit
+irZnpzvs7eI-00255-00092663-00093173 here and just feel those feelings
+irZnpzvs7eI-00256-00093174-00093611 that Stillness as I continue to let The
+irZnpzvs7eI-00257-00093612-00093862 Music Play and you can keep your
+irZnpzvs7eI-00258-00093863-00094099 headphones on for as long as you want
+irZnpzvs7eI-00259-00094100-00094432 stop the video whenever you would like
+irZnpzvs7eI-00260-00094433-00094756 but whenever you awaken from this nice
+irZnpzvs7eI-00261-00094757-00095075 peaceful State you will feel refreshed
+irZnpzvs7eI-00262-00095076-00095405 and energized and ready to take on the
+irZnpzvs7eI-00263-00095406-00095671 day and you will love yourself
+irZnpzvs7eI-00264-00095672-00096179 more and more with each day that passes
+irZnpzvs7eI-00265-00096180-00096409 and you believe in yourself
+irZnpzvs7eI-00266-00096410-00096923 more and more also so until next time my
+irZnpzvs7eI-00267-00096924-00098038 dear beloveds love and light to you all
+irZnpzvs7eI-00269-00103565-00104552 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00270-00104553-00104842 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00271-00104843-00106175 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00272-00106176-00106246 [Laughter]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00273-00106247-00107252 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00274-00107253-00108079 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00275-00108080-00108946 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00276-00108947-00109133 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00277-00109133-00109283 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00278-00109284-00111813 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00279-00111814-00112781 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00280-00112782-00113668 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00281-00113669-00114879 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00282-00114880-00116021 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00283-00116022-00116642 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00284-00116643-00117693 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00285-00117694-00119889 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00286-00119890-00120510 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00287-00120511-00121260 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00288-00121261-00121461 thank you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00289-00121463-00122201 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00290-00122202-00122484 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00291-00122485-00125000 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00292-00125001-00126245 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00293-00126246-00127022 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00294-00127023-00128922 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00295-00128923-00129451 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00296-00129452-00129805 thank you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00298-00134228-00134607 thank you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00299-00134608-00136663 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00300-00136664-00137557 thank you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00301-00137558-00140213 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00302-00140214-00140462 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00304-00144383-00144863 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00305-00144864-00145335 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00307-00148998-00149729 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00308-00149730-00151432 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00309-00151433-00152815 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00310-00152816-00153778 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00311-00153779-00154000 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00312-00154001-00155609 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00313-00155610-00156833 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00314-00156834-00157449 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00315-00157450-00158061 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00316-00158062-00158673 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00317-00158674-00160820 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00318-00160821-00161057 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00319-00161058-00161816 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00321-00165234-00165358 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00322-00165359-00166004 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00323-00166005-00166631 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00324-00166632-00168226 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00325-00168227-00168433 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00326-00168434-00168990 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00327-00168991-00169774 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00328-00169775-00170818 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00329-00170819-00171437 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00330-00171438-00172320 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00331-00172321-00174821 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00332-00174822-00175630 foreign
+irZnpzvs7eI-00333-00175631-00177551 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00334-00177552-00178031 thank you
+irZnpzvs7eI-00336-00182825-00185525 [Music]
+irZnpzvs7eI-00337-00185526-00185991 [Music]
+isiGqH1RZtE-00000-00000053-00000332 the fictional universe of the Star Trek
+isiGqH1RZtE-00001-00000333-00000674 Canon which evolved out of the 1966 to
+isiGqH1RZtE-00002-00000675-00001052 69 TV series Star Trek is a vast complex
+isiGqH1RZtE-00003-00001053-00001346 of planets organizations and peoples
+isiGqH1RZtE-00004-00001347-00001603 that together comprise an example of the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00005-00001604-00001772 science-fiction practice of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00006-00001773-00002383 world-building
+isiGqH1RZtE-00007-00002384-00002907 topic G
+isiGqH1RZtE-00008-00002908-00003265 gagarin IV location of the federation's
+isiGqH1RZtE-00009-00003266-00003640 darwin genetic research station possibly
+isiGqH1RZtE-00010-00003642-00003935 named after yuri gagarin the first human
+isiGqH1RZtE-00011-00003936-00004411 in space in 1961 Gaia Gamma Quadrant
+isiGqH1RZtE-00012-00004412-00004729 Class M planet surrounded with a strange
+isiGqH1RZtE-00013-00004730-00005113 quantum energy barrier in the 22nd
+isiGqH1RZtE-00014-00005114-00005375 century the planet was colonized by the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00015-00005376-00005650 crew of the USS Defiant who were sent
+isiGqH1RZtE-00016-00005651-00005896 back into an alternate timeline when the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00017-00005897-00006118 Defiant crashed on the planet and could
+isiGqH1RZtE-00018-00006119-00006421 not send a distress call gala door to a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00019-00006422-00006649 gala door freighter as described as
+isiGqH1RZtE-00020-00006650-00006910 traveling between Farias prime and gala
+isiGqH1RZtE-00021-00006911-00007409 door to in ds9 episode the Maquis
+isiGqH1RZtE-00022-00007409-00007694 gal don't err planet where the alien
+isiGqH1RZtE-00023-00007695-00008108 known as the albino hit after enacting
+isiGqH1RZtE-00024-00008109-00008336 his revenge against the Klingons Kong
+isiGqH1RZtE-00025-00008337-00008735 core and cola Galen IV planet contested
+isiGqH1RZtE-00026-00008736-00008951 between the Federation and the tellurian
+isiGqH1RZtE-00027-00008952-00009271 z-- it has the birthplace of Jeremiah
+isiGqH1RZtE-00028-00009272-00009578 Rossa John Oh gallows - planet with a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00029-00009579-00009884 ruling family named Tanagra galore IV
+isiGqH1RZtE-00030-00009885-00010090 location of the daystrom Institute
+isiGqH1RZtE-00031-00010091-00010583 galore de prime planet where in 2,370 a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00032-00010584-00010781 klingon transport crashed
+isiGqH1RZtE-00033-00010782-00011074 Galland in core a magnetically unstable
+isiGqH1RZtE-00034-00011075-00011563 planet near the Romulan neutral zone in
+isiGqH1RZtE-00035-00011564-00012080 2366 lieutenant cmdr LaForge is trapped
+isiGqH1RZtE-00036-00012081-00012341 on the planet with a Romulan survivor of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00037-00012342-00012631 a crashed shuttle named Centurion Bhakra
+isiGqH1RZtE-00038-00012632-00012959 the electromagnetic storms blinded
+isiGqH1RZtE-00039-00012960-00013172 geordi's visor and paralyzed the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00040-00013172-00013433 Romulans nervous system and the two had
+isiGqH1RZtE-00041-00013434-00013769 to work together to survive the planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00042-00013769-00013991 was a rendezvous point for the delivery
+isiGqH1RZtE-00043-00013991-00014261 of a stolen deflector array the Romulan
+isiGqH1RZtE-00044-00014262-00014488 commander chu'lak was defeated here
+isiGqH1RZtE-00045-00014490-00014810 Galvin V planet indicated by data as
+isiGqH1RZtE-00046-00014811-00015056 having inhabitants who only consider a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00047-00015057-00015287 marriage successful if the couple has a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00048-00015288-00015578 child within the first year gamelan V
+isiGqH1RZtE-00049-00015579-00015841 planet threatened by a space barge that
+isiGqH1RZtE-00050-00015843-00016037 leaked radioactive waste into the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00051-00016038-00016337 atmosphere Gamma 400 system where
+isiGqH1RZtE-00052-00016338-00016718 Starbase 12 is located it lies near the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00053-00016719-00017047 Mutara nebula gamma - an uninhabited
+isiGqH1RZtE-00054-00017048-00017318 planet ID where an unmanned Federation
+isiGqH1RZtE-00055-00017319-00017633 research station as located it was
+isiGqH1RZtE-00056-00017634-00017975 visited by the USS Enterprise Gamma VA a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00057-00017976-00018230 system around a fourth magnitude Sun
+isiGqH1RZtE-00058-00018231-00018478 with billions of inhabitants killed by a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00059-00018479-00018788 giant space amoeba gamma Canaris IV
+isiGqH1RZtE-00060-00018789-00019025 planet commander Kieran Macduff a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00061-00019026-00019280 disguised saturon claimed he was from
+isiGqH1RZtE-00062-00019281-00019528 gamma Canaris n planet where the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00063-00019529-00019724 developer of warp technology
+isiGqH1RZtE-00064-00019725-00020000 Zefram Cochrane survived alone for many
+isiGqH1RZtE-00065-00020001-00020303 years gamma hiromi - planted in the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00066-00020304-00020515 hiromi cluster where a group of a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00067-00020516-00020735 chimera and gatherers planned an EM
+isiGqH1RZtE-00068-00020736-00021023 of Federation personnel gamma Hydra to
+isiGqH1RZtE-00069-00021024-00021290 Captain Kirk under the effects of rapid
+isiGqH1RZtE-00070-00021291-00021608 aging mistakes gamma Hydra IV for gamma
+isiGqH1RZtE-00071-00021609-00021962 Hydra to gamma Hydra IV a planet with a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00072-00021963-00022196 Federation Research Station where the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00073-00022197-00022409 science team has found suffering from
+isiGqH1RZtE-00074-00022410-00022760 rapid aging gamma Tauri IV location of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00075-00022761-00023011 an unmanned Federation monitoring post
+isiGqH1RZtE-00076-00023012-00023615 in 2364 the Ferengi stole a t9 energy
+isiGqH1RZtE-00077-00023616-00023816 converter from this station gamma
+isiGqH1RZtE-00078-00023817-00024092 triangle IV a tropical planet whose
+isiGqH1RZtE-00079-00024093-00024341 primitive inhabitants worship an ancient
+isiGqH1RZtE-00080-00024342-00024632 computer called vol gamma virtus IV
+isiGqH1RZtE-00081-00024633-00024905 planet whose inhabitants are mute Ganahl
+isiGqH1RZtE-00082-00024906-00025184 de IV location of a battle during the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00083-00025185-00025448 second Federation Klingon war where the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00084-00025449-00025645 Klingons were forced to retreat
+isiGqH1RZtE-00085-00025647-00025984 Gradius ib destination of the USS
+isiGqH1RZtE-00086-00025985-00026273 enterprise-d on a diplomatic mission but
+isiGqH1RZtE-00087-00026274-00026533 was diverted to help a disabled Romulan
+isiGqH1RZtE-00088-00026535-00026741 science ship experimenting with an
+isiGqH1RZtE-00089-00026742-00027002 interface generator Darren or homeworld
+isiGqH1RZtE-00090-00027002-00027302 a Delta Quadrant planet the entire Garen
+isiGqH1RZtE-00091-00027302-00027698 or species was erased by the Krenim with
+isiGqH1RZtE-00092-00027699-00027980 their temporal weapon Garen - planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00093-00027981-00028223 where lieutenant ro Laren disobeyed
+isiGqH1RZtE-00094-00028224-00028448 orders resulting in the deaths of 8
+isiGqH1RZtE-00095-00028449-00028772 fellow officers Gaspar seven Federation
+isiGqH1RZtE-00096-00028773-00029135 colony home of capped EDL Gault a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00097-00029136-00029402 farming colony where Lieutenant Worf was
+isiGqH1RZtE-00098-00029402-00029639 raised under the care of human Guardians
+isiGqH1RZtE-00099-00029639-00029957 Getty prime Federation recreation planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00100-00029958-00030239 said to make resolute like a tourist
+isiGqH1RZtE-00101-00030239-00030317 trap
+isiGqH1RZtE-00102-00030318-00030623 the doctor challenged the hologram reg
+isiGqH1RZtE-00103-00030624-00030964 to a game of golf on the back nine at
+isiGqH1RZtE-00104-00030966-00031364 Getty prime the name Getty prime echos
+isiGqH1RZtE-00105-00031364-00031748 both the fictional DD prime home of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00106-00031749-00031988 house Harkonnen in the dunes series and
+isiGqH1RZtE-00107-00031989-00032306 the real prima Gd or algae d prima star
+isiGqH1RZtE-00108-00032307-00032744 system Jemma IV Kazon slave world
+isiGqH1RZtE-00109-00032745-00032996 Jumeirah svey home world of the Djem
+isiGqH1RZtE-00110-00032997-00033359 aryan species gem Yulin v destination of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00111-00033360-00033635 the federation colony ship SS Santa
+isiGqH1RZtE-00112-00033636-00033851 Maria which instead crashed on an
+isiGqH1RZtE-00113-00033852-00034228 uncharted planet in the Aurelius system
+isiGqH1RZtE-00114-00034229-00034580 Cmdr Cisco and chief O'Brien
+isiGqH1RZtE-00115-00034581-00034808 finding the Lost Colony ten years later
+isiGqH1RZtE-00116-00034809-00035009 discovered that the ship had been
+isiGqH1RZtE-00117-00035010-00035264 deliberately marooned there by alixus a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00118-00035265-00035510 woman who believed mankind should do
+isiGqH1RZtE-00119-00035511-00035777 without technology Genesis planet a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00120-00035778-00036062 planet created by dr. David Marcus's
+isiGqH1RZtE-00121-00036063-00036329 Genesis device that was detonated by the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00122-00036330-00036652 renegade Prince Khan Noonien Singh
+isiGqH1RZtE-00123-00036653-00036959 Genesis aged rapidly and exploded not
+isiGqH1RZtE-00124-00036960-00037202 long after its formation as the result
+isiGqH1RZtE-00125-00037203-00037445 of protomatter used in its creation
+isiGqH1RZtE-00126-00037446-00037685 gorrister homeworld of the warp-capable
+isiGqH1RZtE-00127-00037686-00038003 gora stand species who attacked the USS
+isiGqH1RZtE-00128-00038004-00038279 Adelphi during a botched first contact
+isiGqH1RZtE-00129-00038280-00038612 mission gideon planet visited by the USS
+isiGqH1RZtE-00130-00038613-00038825 enterprise whose inhabitants have
+isiGqH1RZtE-00131-00038826-00039044 repeatedly refused to establish
+isiGqH1RZtE-00132-00039045-00039425 diplomatic relations with the ufp non
+isiGqH1RZtE-00133-00039426-00039698 canonical and semi canonical sources
+isiGqH1RZtE-00134-00039699-00039965 identify it as planet number seven in
+isiGqH1RZtE-00135-00039966-00040226 the delta dorado star system gideon
+isiGqH1RZtE-00136-00040227-00040487 supposedly has a naturally near sterile
+isiGqH1RZtE-00137-00040488-00040688 environment whose inhabitants have
+isiGqH1RZtE-00138-00040689-00040919 remarkable self regenerative abilities
+isiGqH1RZtE-00139-00040920-00041165 and thus are incredibly long-lived and
+isiGqH1RZtE-00140-00041166-00041329 the planet when the enterprise
+isiGqH1RZtE-00141-00041330-00041545 encountered it was severely
+isiGqH1RZtE-00142-00041546-00041837 overpopulated as a direct result go Lana
+isiGqH1RZtE-00143-00041838-00042143 Bajoran colony and vacation planet once
+isiGqH1RZtE-00144-00042144-00042410 inhabited by an advanced now extinct
+isiGqH1RZtE-00145-00042411-00042995 civilization in 2374 a time portal was
+isiGqH1RZtE-00146-00042996-00043238 discovered in a cave on the planet where
+isiGqH1RZtE-00147-00043239-00043553 Molly O'Brien was accidentally sent 300
+isiGqH1RZtE-00148-00043554-00043778 years into the past when the planet was
+isiGqH1RZtE-00149-00043779-00044111 uninhabited gonna lie B planet known for
+isiGqH1RZtE-00150-00044112-00044416 its moth swarms Gor 'ln homeworld cat
+isiGqH1RZtE-00151-00044417-00044689 Kirk's equivalent in a parallel universe
+isiGqH1RZtE-00152-00044690-00044954 suppressed and uprising on the Goron
+isiGqH1RZtE-00153-00044955-00045314 homeworld in TOS episode mirror mirror
+isiGqH1RZtE-00154-00045315-00045629 it is unclear whether the Gor 'ln
+isiGqH1RZtE-00155-00045630-00045947 homeworld also exists in capped Kirk's
+isiGqH1RZtE-00156-00045948-00046126 universe
+isiGqH1RZtE-00157-00046127-00046384 Gorn homeworld the homeworld of the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00158-00046385-00046666 reptilian humanoid species the gorn's a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00159-00046667-00046870 species that has appeared in the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00160-00046871-00047170 enterprise episode in a mirror darkly
+isiGqH1RZtE-00161-00047171-00047527 part two and in the original series
+isiGqH1RZtE-00162-00047528-00047878 episode arena the Gorn homeworld as
+isiGqH1RZtE-00163-00047879-00048112 probably the location of the center of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00164-00048113-00048463 the Gorn hegemony sources not officially
+isiGqH1RZtE-00165-00048464-00048733 recognized as canon identified the Gorn
+isiGqH1RZtE-00166-00048734-00049150 tzas homeworld as towel assert IX godõs
+isiGqH1RZtE-00167-00049151-00049402 a rogue planet encountered in the middle
+isiGqH1RZtE-00168-00049403-00049738 of empty space the puckish trilane an
+isiGqH1RZtE-00169-00049739-00049985 immature representative of his alien
+isiGqH1RZtE-00170-00049986-00050257 race of sapien dis coorporate controlled
+isiGqH1RZtE-00171-00050258-00050510 the planet moved it about the galaxy and
+isiGqH1RZtE-00172-00050511-00050737 molded it into a personal playground
+isiGqH1RZtE-00173-00050738-00050971 with the help of sophisticated machinery
+isiGqH1RZtE-00174-00050972-00051264 which he called mediums of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00175-00051265-00051601 instrumentality grim alia known for grim
+isiGqH1RZtE-00176-00051602-00051860 Alliance and flees graves world planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00177-00051861-00052162 named for dr. IRA Graves a genius
+isiGqH1RZtE-00178-00052163-00052385 physicist who was dying of Varney's
+isiGqH1RZtE-00179-00052386-00052721 disease he cheated death by uploading
+isiGqH1RZtE-00180-00052722-00052934 his consciousness into the Android
+isiGqH1RZtE-00181-00052935-00053435 lieutenant Cmdr data this act disgusted
+isiGqH1RZtE-00182-00053436-00053716 kareem bryan on graves young assistant
+isiGqH1RZtE-00183-00053717-00053992 with whom he was in love graves
+isiGqH1RZtE-00184-00053993-00054290 eventually left data's mind transferring
+isiGqH1RZtE-00185-00054291-00054544 all his knowledge to a computer bank but
+isiGqH1RZtE-00186-00054545-00054888 his soul seemed to had finally passed on
+isiGqH1RZtE-00187-00054889-00055184 grazier homeworld of the grazer right
+isiGqH1RZtE-00188-00055185-00055745 species
+isiGqH1RZtE-00189-00055746-00056254 topic H
+isiGqH1RZtE-00190-00056255-00056628 Vittoria Klingon colony hadera why class
+isiGqH1RZtE-00191-00056629-00056895 planet in the Delta Quadrant chosen as a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00192-00056896-00057159 new home by renegade Holograms
+isiGqH1RZtE-00193-00057160-00057651 the name means home of light in Bajoran
+isiGqH1RZtE-00194-00057652-00057917 rockton seven Federation colony in the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00195-00057919-00058260 Cardassian DMZ Hakan Delta Quadrant
+isiGqH1RZtE-00196-00058261-00058553 planet featured in the Voyager episode
+isiGqH1RZtE-00197-00058554-00058804 pathways
+isiGqH1RZtE-00198-00058804-00059097 Helana homeworld of the Hallinan species
+isiGqH1RZtE-00199-00059098-00059394 Haley Haley as a system in Klingon space
+isiGqH1RZtE-00200-00059395-00059659 known to have a world with a savage and
+isiGqH1RZtE-00201-00059660-00059803 deadly environment
+isiGqH1RZtE-00202-00059804-00060087 it was once customary for Klingon
+isiGqH1RZtE-00203-00060088-00060324 criminals who are sentenced to death to
+isiGqH1RZtE-00204-00060325-00060579 be taken to the world given a weapon and
+isiGqH1RZtE-00205-00060580-00060828 stranded there to face the dangers so
+isiGqH1RZtE-00206-00060829-00061240 they can die as warriors Holly home
+isiGqH1RZtE-00207-00061241-00061467 world of the Hawaiians halkan home world
+isiGqH1RZtE-00208-00061468-00061779 presumably properly named halka a planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00209-00061780-00062019 surrounded by spatial conditions that
+isiGqH1RZtE-00210-00062020-00062298 can cause ion storms and inhabited by
+isiGqH1RZtE-00211-00062299-00062665 the halkan people the USS enterprise
+isiGqH1RZtE-00212-00062666-00062886 visits the world to persuade the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00213-00062887-00063123 inhabitants to allow the Federation to
+isiGqH1RZtE-00214-00063124-00063462 mine dilithium there the inhabitant
+isiGqH1RZtE-00215-00063463-00063691 however appeared to have little interest
+isiGqH1RZtE-00216-00063691-00063969 in a federation alliance Conoley the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00217-00063970-00064191 hano lee system was destroyed by an
+isiGqH1RZtE-00218-00064192-00064488 expanding subspace anomaly in the 23rd
+isiGqH1RZtE-00219-00064489-00064563 century
+isiGqH1RZtE-00220-00064564-00064891 henan IV inhabited Delta Quadrant planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00221-00064891-00065136 in an early stage of development similar
+isiGqH1RZtE-00222-00065137-00065391 to Earth's Pliocene age cannon to
+isiGqH1RZtE-00223-00065391-00065649 destination of the enterprise-e for an
+isiGqH1RZtE-00224-00065650-00065872 archaeological mission before it was
+isiGqH1RZtE-00225-00065873-00066141 diverted it to the Baku system Hansen's
+isiGqH1RZtE-00226-00066142-00066369 planet planet inhabited by primitive
+isiGqH1RZtE-00227-00066370-00066663 giant similar to those found on Taurus
+isiGqH1RZtE-00228-00066664-00066963 to Hera kiss V planet visited by the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00229-00066964-00067299 enterprise-d Herod I be featured in the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00230-00067300-00067721 TNG episode the perfect mate
+isiGqH1RZtE-00231-00067722-00068042 Haven a paradise planet featured in the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00232-00068043-00068516 TNG episode Haven it is also known as
+isiGqH1RZtE-00233-00068517-00068888 beta Casius the enterprise-d stops for
+isiGqH1RZtE-00234-00068889-00069149 shore leave the planet is rumored to
+isiGqH1RZtE-00235-00069150-00069527 have mystical healing powers hayashi
+isiGqH1RZtE-00236-00069528-00069839 star system where the enterprise-d is
+isiGqH1RZtE-00237-00069840-00070064 ordered to prepare detailed exosphere
+isiGqH1RZtE-00238-00070065-00070322 achar of the system as the first step
+isiGqH1RZtE-00239-00070323-00070589 toward planet colonization the care is
+isiGqH1RZtE-00240-00070590-00070859 to planet along the heck eros corridor
+isiGqH1RZtE-00241-00070860-00071069 whose inhabitants were threatened by a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00242-00071070-00071336 subspace rupture caused by the passing
+isiGqH1RZtE-00243-00071337-00071696 of ships in warp the Federation passed a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00244-00071697-00072143 non-emergency warp 5 speed limit for all
+isiGqH1RZtE-00245-00072144-00072431 ships hell inhospitable Delta Quadrant
+isiGqH1RZtE-00246-00072432-00072820 world discovered by the USS Voyager in
+isiGqH1RZtE-00247-00072821-00073340 2372 a reptilian race used the planet as
+isiGqH1RZtE-00248-00073341-00073634 a breeding ground him a cake IB Delta
+isiGqH1RZtE-00249-00073635-00073910 Quadrant planet used as a Kazon Maquis
+isiGqH1RZtE-00250-00073911-00074240 rendezvous heba 7 Delta Quadrant planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00251-00074241-00074504 site of a refueling station hook IV
+isiGqH1RZtE-00252-00074505-00074726 Gamma Quadrant world in the lantern
+isiGqH1RZtE-00253-00074727-00075194 nebula Holberg 917 G a planet visited by
+isiGqH1RZtE-00254-00075195-00075476 the USS Enterprise where the crew meet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00255-00075477-00075788 the immortal being known as Flint Flint
+isiGqH1RZtE-00256-00075789-00076022 had acquired ownership of the planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00257-00076023-00076393 using the alias mr. Brack non-canonical
+isiGqH1RZtE-00258-00076394-00076715 sources place it in the same star system
+isiGqH1RZtE-00259-00076716-00077267 as Omega IV described in the Omega glory
+isiGqH1RZtE-00260-00077268-00077575 whole new IV alpha quadrant planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00261-00077576-00077794 captured by the Dominion hotter to
+isiGqH1RZtE-00262-00077795-00078100 featured in the TNG episode the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00263-00078101-00078298 offspring
+isiGqH1RZtE-00264-00078299-00078667 Harada EE hurkos 3a non-aligned world
+isiGqH1RZtE-00265-00078668-00079012 where the negotiator Devin Oni RAL spent
+isiGqH1RZtE-00266-00079013-00079653 most of his youth
+isiGqH1RZtE-00267-00079654-00080152 topic I
+isiGqH1RZtE-00268-00080153-00080458 I adore a colony Federation colony
+isiGqH1RZtE-00269-00080459-00080725 inhabited during the late 24th century
+isiGqH1RZtE-00270-00080726-00081082 it is also the location of a starship
+isiGqH1RZtE-00271-00081083-00081325 construction facility Ikaros prime
+isiGqH1RZtE-00272-00081326-00081619 Iconia a fabled planet that lies in the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00273-00081620-00081970 Romulan neutral zone the planet was the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00274-00081971-00082252 homeworld of the ancient Ionian species
+isiGqH1RZtE-00275-00082253-00082480 who constructed stargates that allowed
+isiGqH1RZtE-00276-00082481-00082717 them to travel to other worlds as easily
+isiGqH1RZtE-00277-00082718-00082891 as opening a door
+isiGqH1RZtE-00278-00082892-00083227 the ufp feared that the Romulan Star
+isiGqH1RZtE-00279-00083228-00083431 Empire might have been reverse
+isiGqH1RZtE-00280-00083432-00083713 engineering iconian technology for use
+isiGqH1RZtE-00281-00083714-00084034 against the Federation the enterprise
+isiGqH1RZtE-00282-00084035-00084316 became infected by an iconian computer
+isiGqH1RZtE-00283-00084317-00084562 virus after downloading contaminated
+isiGqH1RZtE-00284-00084563-00084787 computer logs from one of its sister
+isiGqH1RZtE-00285-00084788-00085147 ships in the USS galaxy's class the USS
+isiGqH1RZtE-00286-00085148-00085408 Yamato which was destroyed after being
+isiGqH1RZtE-00287-00085409-00085693 scanned by an iconian probe I Couric's
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+isiGqH1RZtE-00440-00130222-00130452 and sought help with the Federation for
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+isiGqH1RZtE-00448-00132562-00132968 end the dogs of war
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+isiGqH1RZtE-00458-00135549-00135764 provisional government refused to grant
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+isiGqH1RZtE-00460-00135990-00136262 Andre land to Cassatt homeworld Neelix
+isiGqH1RZtE-00461-00136263-00136490 and Tuvok visited this Delta Quadrant
+isiGqH1RZtE-00462-00136491-00136745 planet homeworld of both the Cassation
+isiGqH1RZtE-00463-00136746-00136916 z-- and the shadow ibanez on a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00464-00136917-00137165 negotiation mission kasparek three
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+isiGqH1RZtE-00469-00138195-00138416 the kes have applied for Federation
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+isiGqH1RZtE-00473-00139263-00139544 the crew of the USS enterprise-d to
+isiGqH1RZtE-00474-00139545-00139775 recommend that casper 8-3 be denied
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+isiGqH1RZtE-00481-00141540-00141797 organic chemistry term keto-enol
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+isiGqH1RZtE-00495-00145854-00146135 other Klingons were captured by the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00496-00146136-00146414 Romulans and imprisoned on penal colony
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+isiGqH1RZtE-00498-00146748-00146993 entrepreneur plague who was credited for
+isiGqH1RZtE-00499-00146994-00147317 holosuite technology Cabiria kabir Ian
+isiGqH1RZtE-00500-00147318-00147548 fired diamonds are mentioned in ds9
+isiGqH1RZtE-00501-00147549-00147959 episode rules of acquisition
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+isiGqH1RZtE-00514-00151527-00151754 ended up destroyed themselves and only
+isiGqH1RZtE-00515-00151755-00152099 the noncorporeal entities remain : drew
+isiGqH1RZtE-00516-00152100-00152378 Cardassian controlled planet featured in
+isiGqH1RZtE-00517-00152379-00152909 the ds9 episode after image kohler is 3
+isiGqH1RZtE-00518-00152910-00153143 a planet near the Romulan neutral zone
+isiGqH1RZtE-00519-00153144-00153365 that was featured in the movie
+isiGqH1RZtE-00520-00153366-00153689 Star Trek nemesis the planet is
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+isiGqH1RZtE-00522-00153933-00154223 era species the crew of the enterprise
+isiGqH1RZtE-00523-00154224-00154547 he find the remains of an Android clone
+isiGqH1RZtE-00524-00154548-00155006 of data named before coal tear if Cora -
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+isiGqH1RZtE-00526-00155346-00155723 site of an abandoned mining colony odo
+isiGqH1RZtE-00527-00155724-00155960 chases the changeling fugitive laws
+isiGqH1RZtE-00528-00155961-00156251 their court system where families aboard
+isiGqH1RZtE-00529-00156252-00156701 Deep Space nine were relocated in 2,370
+isiGqH1RZtE-00530-00156702-00156959 when a revolution on by or seemed likely
+isiGqH1RZtE-00531-00156960-00157265 korma planet with a Cardassian outpost
+isiGqH1RZtE-00532-00157266-00157709 where in 2372 the Kardashians and
+isiGqH1RZtE-00533-00157710-00157916 Bajoran zhh have a conference to share
+isiGqH1RZtE-00534-00157917-00158231 intelligence about the Klingons the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00535-00158232-00158504 Klingons later attacked the outpost core
+isiGqH1RZtE-00536-00158505-00158783 eating chorus I quark gave dr. Bashir a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00537-00158784-00159053 bottle of champagne from quarry ziko
+isiGqH1RZtE-00538-00159054-00159350 stolen home planet of Campo whom the wax
+isiGqH1RZtE-00539-00159351-00159524 Anna Troi planned to marry
+isiGqH1RZtE-00540-00159525-00159770 Katara Bharath cantare colony a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00541-00159771-00159995 light-year from the cantare homeworld
+isiGqH1RZtE-00542-00159996-00160343 Cotati Delta Quadrant planet Krause I be
+isiGqH1RZtE-00543-00160344-00160574 Garak told the Klingon Duras sisters
+isiGqH1RZtE-00544-00160575-00160856 they could obtain fine silk from Krause
+isiGqH1RZtE-00545-00160857-00161159 IV Kronos pronunciation of Kono's
+isiGqH1RZtE-00546-00161160-00161400 homeworld of the cling
+isiGqH1RZtE-00547-00161401-00161644 Seco nose
+isiGqH1RZtE-00548-00161645-00161920 Kri tassa homeworld of the kreetassan
+isiGqH1RZtE-00549-00161921-00162259 species capped archers dog Porthos
+isiGqH1RZtE-00550-00162260-00162517 caught a deadly pathogen here kressari
+isiGqH1RZtE-00551-00162518-00162757 homeworld the kressari are a race of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00552-00162758-00162973 traders in herbaceous Goods who are
+isiGqH1RZtE-00553-00162974-00163315 accused of weapons smuggling the name of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00554-00163316-00163665 their planet has not mentioned Krios aka
+isiGqH1RZtE-00555-00163666-00163969 krios Prime a Klingon controlled
+isiGqH1RZtE-00556-00163970-00164278 homeworld of the Kree ocean species note
+isiGqH1RZtE-00557-00164279-00164590 it is uncertain if Krios and Krios prime
+isiGqH1RZtE-00558-00164591-00164815 are the same planet since the planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00559-00164816-00165076 changes color from blue to green between
+isiGqH1RZtE-00560-00165077-00165379 the two TNG episodes and the Klingons
+isiGqH1RZtE-00561-00165380-00165712 are not mentioned in either tngs the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00562-00165713-00166093 perfect mate or enterprise's precious
+isiGqH1RZtE-00563-00166094-00166323 cargo
+isiGqH1RZtE-00564-00166324-00166623 kate area seven planet controlled by the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00565-00166624-00166959 kate aryan species after visiting the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00566-00166960-00167226 planet Chakotay accidentally removed a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00567-00167227-00167493 sacred stone from a Kate Aryan burial
+isiGqH1RZtE-00568-00167494-00167736 site as a memento and was accused of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00569-00167737-00168000 desecration Kate Eris homeworld of the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00570-00168001-00168429 Kate Aryan species Etana Joel a Kate
+isiGqH1RZtE-00571-00168430-00168633 Aryan tried to take over the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00572-00168634-00168854 enterprise-d for her people by
+isiGqH1RZtE-00573-00168855-00169119 introducing a mind controlling game to
+isiGqH1RZtE-00574-00169120-00169491 the crew curl Prime supposed homeworld
+isiGqH1RZtE-00575-00169492-00169752 of the Dominion allied Vorta species in
+isiGqH1RZtE-00576-00169753-00169941 the Gamma Quadrant but its existence
+isiGqH1RZtE-00577-00169942-00170196 couldn't be verified since a risk of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00578-00170197-00170412 Vorta operative and the source of the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00579-00170413-00170703 information was unreliable curl the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00580-00170704-00170940 homeworld of the curling civilization
+isiGqH1RZtE-00581-00170941-00171168 which died out thousands of years ago
+isiGqH1RZtE-00582-00171169-00171465 cuyana prime Delta Quadrant planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00583-00171466-00171747 occupied by the Krenim erased from
+isiGqH1RZtE-00584-00171748-00172119 existence by a timeline disruption kyla
+isiGqH1RZtE-00585-00172120-00172395 de to unexplored planet being surveyed
+isiGqH1RZtE-00586-00172396-00172827 by the USS Defiant in 2371
+isiGqH1RZtE-00587-00172828-00173043 but the mission was cut short when the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00588-00173044-00173328 crew detected gravimetric distortions in
+isiGqH1RZtE-00589-00173329-00173591 the trial s system kiria Delta Quadrant
+isiGqH1RZtE-00590-00173592-00173904 planet where the USS Voyager became
+isiGqH1RZtE-00591-00173905-00174261 caught up in a conflict 700 years later
+isiGqH1RZtE-00592-00174262-00174585 a backup copy of voyagers holographic
+isiGqH1RZtE-00593-00174586-00174807 doctor is reactivated to prove the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00594-00174808-00175014 innocence of the crew who are still
+isiGqH1RZtE-00595-00175015-00175716 labeled as war criminals
+isiGqH1RZtE-00596-00175717-00176218 topic L
+isiGqH1RZtE-00597-00176219-00176676 l 374 system of uninhabited planets
+isiGqH1RZtE-00598-00176677-00177034 featured in the tos episode the doomsday
+isiGqH1RZtE-00599-00177035-00177399 machine that is discovered by the USS
+isiGqH1RZtE-00600-00177400-00177643 Constellation to have been destroyed by
+isiGqH1RZtE-00601-00177644-00177913 a planet eating machine
+isiGqH1RZtE-00602-00177914-00178175 lsv planet near the Gamma Quadrant
+isiGqH1RZtE-00603-00178176-00178493 opening of the Bajoran wormhole
+isiGqH1RZtE-00604-00178494-00178806 artifacts and ruins were found on lsv
+isiGqH1RZtE-00605-00178807-00179037 that were similar to those seen on the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00606-00179038-00179169 founders homeworld
+isiGqH1RZtE-00607-00179170-00179487 Landry Xia lapa ivy Ferengi inhabited
+isiGqH1RZtE-00608-00179488-00179709 planet where the flowers and Parikh you
+isiGqH1RZtE-00609-00179710-00179804 lied grows
+isiGqH1RZtE-00610-00179805-00180123 Largo vlaar Incheon system in the 2009
+isiGqH1RZtE-00611-00180124-00180399 Star Trek movie as the Romulans are
+isiGqH1RZtE-00612-00180400-00180624 attacking Vulcan capped pike orders
+isiGqH1RZtE-00613-00180625-00180894 Spock that if all else fails he should
+isiGqH1RZtE-00614-00180895-00181131 rendezvous with the rest of the fleet in
+isiGqH1RZtE-00615-00181132-00181484 the Laurentian system Liz on to
+isiGqH1RZtE-00616-00181485-00181731 Cardassian planet with a labor camp
+isiGqH1RZtE-00617-00181732-00181947 where Thomas Riker was imprisoned
+isiGqH1RZtE-00618-00181948-00182310 ladonia 3 Jadzia Dax owned a plant from
+isiGqH1RZtE-00619-00182311-00182433 ladonia 3
+isiGqH1RZtE-00620-00182434-00182670 Lido's homeworld of the lead ocean and
+isiGqH1RZtE-00621-00182671-00182862 Ventoux species llegará
+isiGqH1RZtE-00622-00182863-00183164 IV homeworld of the legarans species who
+isiGqH1RZtE-00623-00183165-00183336 exists in thick pools of liquid
+isiGqH1RZtE-00624-00183337-00183704 maintained at 150 degrees Celsius lemma
+isiGqH1RZtE-00625-00183705-00184091 2 Federation colony Larry she IV planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00626-00184092-00184337 with a ceremonial drink called Tanagra
+isiGqH1RZtE-00627-00184338-00184700 levin esv a federation colony legee liam
+isiGqH1RZtE-00628-00184701-00184775 picard
+isiGqH1RZtE-00629-00184776-00184991 offered to take Ardra to the ruins of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00630-00184992-00185213 leg ilium site of the lost subtle
+isiGqH1RZtE-00631-00185214-00185433 emerald if she won her arbitration
+isiGqH1RZtE-00632-00185434-00185729 Legault vez ex planet where dr. Bashir
+isiGqH1RZtE-00633-00185730-00185973 went to see a gallery of paintings by
+isiGqH1RZtE-00634-00185974-00186270 professor Gideon se etic lie GaN to a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00635-00186271-00186512 tropical planet home of the lagoon Ian's
+isiGqH1RZtE-00636-00186513-00186839 who visited by the USS enterprise-d to
+isiGqH1RZtE-00637-00186840-00187076 secure procurement of a viral antidote
+isiGqH1RZtE-00638-00187077-00187463 need on stai receive e LIGO 7 location
+isiGqH1RZtE-00639-00187464-00187707 of a federation science station Lima
+isiGqH1RZtE-00640-00187708-00188078 Sierra 3 capped the card mentioned that
+isiGqH1RZtE-00641-00188079-00188295 the enterprise had visited this planet
+isiGqH1RZtE-00642-00188296-00188643 which has an odd orbit Lisi Pia
+isiGqH1RZtE-00643-00188644-00189011 homeworld to the Lisi peon species
+isiGqH1RZtE-00644-00189012-00189420 Cmdr Sisko suggests the lesibians could
+isiGqH1RZtE-00645-00189421-00189791 be involved in weapons smuggling lowkick
+isiGqH1RZtE-00646-00189792-00190050 homeworld Delphic expands home of the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00647-00190051-00190296 loca species who lost the ability to
+isiGqH1RZtE-00648-00190297-00190524 reproduce and fell on the verge of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00649-00190525-00190845 extinction they tried to preserve their
+isiGqH1RZtE-00650-00190846-00191121 kind by engineered a genetic retrovirus
+isiGqH1RZtE-00651-00191122-00191250 that changed in
+isiGqH1RZtE-00652-00191251-00191496 did members of other humanoid races into
+isiGqH1RZtE-00653-00191497-00191769 their own Laura cos Prime planted in the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00654-00191770-00192021 Gagarin radiation belt with pink purple
+isiGqH1RZtE-00655-00192022-00192300 cloud layers known to have 5000
+isiGqH1RZtE-00656-00192301-00192546 subspecies of termites Lauren three
+isiGqH1RZtE-00657-00192547-00192803 planet with a fragment of dr. gheylens
+isiGqH1RZtE-00658-00192804-00193071 genetic code puzzle to find the origin
+isiGqH1RZtE-00659-00193072-00193304 of humanoid species Laura Lee and
+isiGqH1RZtE-00660-00193305-00193553 homeworld planet whose actual name has
+isiGqH1RZtE-00661-00193554-00193806 not mentioned whose natives called Laura
+isiGqH1RZtE-00662-00193807-00194103 Lyons breathe methyl oxide presumably a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00663-00194104-00194463 component of its atmosphere however it
+isiGqH1RZtE-00664-00194464-00194685 is known that the Laura lien homeworld
+isiGqH1RZtE-00665-00194686-00194928 as a planet of gamma leprous which is
+isiGqH1RZtE-00666-00194929-00195345 only 29 light-years from Earth Laval
+isiGqH1RZtE-00667-00195346-00195636 location of a Cardassian outpost and
+isiGqH1RZtE-00668-00195637-00195936 subspace relay station Luria homeworld
+isiGqH1RZtE-00669-00195937-00196347 of the Lorien race morn as al-arian ly
+isiGqH1RZtE-00670-00196348-00196662 a3 location of a federation Starbase
+isiGqH1RZtE-00671-00196663-00196953 enterprise DS destination at the end of
+isiGqH1RZtE-00672-00196954-00197283 the episode the enterprise received a
+isiGqH1RZtE-00673-00197284-00197550 coded message from Federation command on
+isiGqH1RZtE-00674-00197551-00197907 ly a3 about suspected Romulan activity
+isiGqH1RZtE-00675-00197908-00198297 in the neutral zone lya IV planet where
+isiGqH1RZtE-00676-00198298-00198540 the enterprise-d traced the smuggler
+isiGqH1RZtE-00677-00198541-00198801 Kiva's Fajo ship in orbit after figuring
+isiGqH1RZtE-00678-00198802-00199062 out data had been kidnapped by him
+isiGqH1RZtE-00679-00199063-00199328 lashauwn system with a federation colony
+isiGqH1RZtE-00680-00199329-00199616 located near the federation Cardassian
+isiGqH1RZtE-00681-00199617-00199686 border
+isiGqH1RZtE-00682-00199687-00199923 lytia homeworld of the Lisi an alliance
+isiGqH1RZtE-00683-00199924-00200211 who were at a decades-long war with the
+isiGqH1RZtE-00684-00200212-00200685 saturon species in 2368
+isiGqH1RZtE-00685-00200686-00200976 the USS enterprise-d crew had their
+isiGqH1RZtE-00686-00200977-00201266 memories erased and sent false orders by
+isiGqH1RZtE-00687-00201267-00201540 a saturon spy who posed a second in
+isiGqH1RZtE-00688-00201541-00201777 command to attack the Lisi on Alliance
+isiGqH1RZtE-00689-00201778-00202393 headquarters
+isiGqH1RZtE-00690-00202394-00202964 topic see also
+isiGqH1RZtE-00691-00202965-00203680 list of star trek planets ABC FM QR s TZ
+iswe8SwJgiu-00000-00000048-00000323 welcome everyone
+iswe8SwJgiu-00001-00000324-00000424 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00002-00000425-00000641 thank you for joining us for this
+iswe8SwJgiu-00003-00000642-00000755 session
+iswe8SwJgiu-00004-00000756-00000928 um does the internet speak your language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00005-00000930-00001127 uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00006-00001128-00001378 welcome to all those who chose to be
+iswe8SwJgiu-00007-00001379-00001684 here and to those who may have wandered
+iswe8SwJgiu-00008-00001685-00002014 in by mistake please stay uh but as we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00009-00002016-00002339 begin uh I'd like you all to think about
+iswe8SwJgiu-00010-00002340-00002657 the prompt what is the word welcome in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00011-00002658-00002963 your languages of choice so once again
+iswe8SwJgiu-00012-00002964-00003220 what is the word welcome in your
+iswe8SwJgiu-00013-00003221-00003515 languages of choice and then I'd like
+iswe8SwJgiu-00014-00003515-00003772 you to if you'd like to this session is
+iswe8SwJgiu-00015-00003773-00004193 recorded So if you would want to uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00016-00004194-00004606 please open up your cameras open up
+iswe8SwJgiu-00017-00004607-00005104 um your mic and let's say welcome in all
+iswe8SwJgiu-00018-00005105-00005477 the different languages of our choice
+iswe8SwJgiu-00019-00005478-00008008 foreign
+iswe8SwJgiu-00020-00008009-00008395 [Music]
+iswe8SwJgiu-00021-00008396-00008645 Collective to Center the knowledges of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00022-00008646-00008909 marginalized communities or as we like
+iswe8SwJgiu-00023-00008910-00009137 to remind people the minoritized
+iswe8SwJgiu-00024-00009138-00009442 majority of the World online
+iswe8SwJgiu-00025-00009443-00009731 um and I'm now going to share my screen
+iswe8SwJgiu-00026-00009732-00010078 so that we start off uh let's see if
+iswe8SwJgiu-00027-00010079-00010235 tech
+iswe8SwJgiu-00028-00010236-00010919 is our friend right now
+iswe8SwJgiu-00029-00010920-00011388 excellent can everyone see this clearly
+iswe8SwJgiu-00030-00011389-00011651 okay excellent thank you thank you for
+iswe8SwJgiu-00031-00011652-00011842 saying that by voice
+iswe8SwJgiu-00032-00011843-00012106 um so this is the question we came to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00033-00012107-00012335 you with does the internet speak your
+iswe8SwJgiu-00034-00012336-00012677 language and the seven of us who are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00035-00012678-00012936 here welcome you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00036-00012937-00013483 swagatam bienvenides
+iswe8SwJgiu-00037-00013484-00013757 those are just some of what we have
+iswe8SwJgiu-00038-00013758-00014063 discovered are possibly the over 20 to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00039-00014063-00014344 25 languages the seven of us speak
+iswe8SwJgiu-00040-00014345-00014561 amongst us
+iswe8SwJgiu-00041-00014562-00014819 um so you can imagine why we came
+iswe8SwJgiu-00042-00014819-00015269 together to create uh what we call the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00043-00015269-00015457 state of the internet's languages report
+iswe8SwJgiu-00044-00015458-00015730 but before that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00045-00015731-00015935 um just some love respect solidarity
+iswe8SwJgiu-00046-00015936-00016265 practices for our session today uh be
+iswe8SwJgiu-00047-00016266-00016517 your fully present multiple selves as
+iswe8SwJgiu-00048-00016518-00016757 you bring love into the room bring the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00049-00016758-00016991 love of languages on the internet and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00050-00016992-00017200 otherwise into the room and the chat box
+iswe8SwJgiu-00051-00017201-00017447 please respect yourself loves each other
+iswe8SwJgiu-00052-00017448-00017753 and time let's affirm multiple lived
+iswe8SwJgiu-00053-00017754-00018017 experiences including Love Languages and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00054-00018018-00018191 the diversities of bodies and gender
+iswe8SwJgiu-00055-00018192-00018394 expressions in this room
+iswe8SwJgiu-00056-00018395-00018617 let's be in solidarity with each other
+iswe8SwJgiu-00057-00018618-00018905 but also aware of privilege as we create
+iswe8SwJgiu-00058-00018906-00019235 together so let's speak slowly and chat
+iswe8SwJgiu-00059-00019236-00019493 clearly as far as possible so we can
+iswe8SwJgiu-00060-00019494-00019703 understand each other and express
+iswe8SwJgiu-00061-00019704-00020008 solidarity in both language and in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00062-00020009-00020130 action
+iswe8SwJgiu-00063-00020131-00020447 for all those who feel like chatting and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00064-00020448-00020621 sharing your thoughts on social media as
+iswe8SwJgiu-00065-00020622-00020855 we do this session here are all our
+iswe8SwJgiu-00066-00020856-00021121 various handles and our hashtags
+iswe8SwJgiu-00067-00021122-00021413 internet languages and of course as you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00068-00021414-00021803 all know mosfest and mosfest 2022.
+iswe8SwJgiu-00069-00021804-00022103 so to answer the question does the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00070-00022104-00022378 internet speak your language we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00071-00022379-00022655 essentially created over the last two
+iswe8SwJgiu-00072-00022656-00022930 and a half years the state of the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00073-00022931-00023207 internet's languages report we launched
+iswe8SwJgiu-00074-00023208-00023513 just two weeks ago so for all those who
+iswe8SwJgiu-00075-00023514-00023813 haven't enjoyed the the knowledge of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00076-00023814-00024142 this fantastic launch uh here we are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00077-00024143-00024407 launching again in the Mozilla Community
+iswe8SwJgiu-00078-00024408-00024772 which is very much a community of joy
+iswe8SwJgiu-00079-00024773-00024899 and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00080-00024900-00025217 um hope and possibility for all of us
+iswe8SwJgiu-00081-00025218-00025524 and definitely of solidarity so
+iswe8SwJgiu-00082-00025525-00025924 internetslanguages.org is the website
+iswe8SwJgiu-00083-00025925-00026237 um what we're going to do is start you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00084-00026238-00026567 off with a little video that gives you a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00085-00026568-00026968 taste a teaser of what you will find on
+iswe8SwJgiu-00086-00026969-00027185 the website
+iswe8SwJgiu-00087-00027186-00029989 foreign
+iswe8SwJgiu-00088-00029989-00030508 [Music]
+iswe8SwJgiu-00089-00030510-00031714 foreign
+iswe8SwJgiu-00090-00031716-00033395 languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00091-00033396-00033623 so videos come up
+iswe8SwJgiu-00092-00033624-00033899 despite
+iswe8SwJgiu-00093-00033900-00034033 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00094-00034034-00034409 the uh stopping them so here we go
+iswe8SwJgiu-00095-00034410-00034715 um that was just a taste and we hope you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00096-00034716-00034931 will explore the website which is
+iswe8SwJgiu-00097-00034932-00035267 digital first much more but who are we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00098-00035268-00035465 we are whose knowledge we are the Oxford
+iswe8SwJgiu-00099-00035466-00035668 internet Institute and we are the center
+iswe8SwJgiu-00100-00035669-00035945 for internet and Society Bangalore India
+iswe8SwJgiu-00101-00035946-00036215 and we are over a hundred people from
+iswe8SwJgiu-00102-00036216-00036515 across the world who worked in many
+iswe8SwJgiu-00103-00036516-00036749 different ways contributed by voice by
+iswe8SwJgiu-00104-00036750-00037121 text by visual uh by so many different
+iswe8SwJgiu-00105-00037122-00037361 forms of embodied experience by
+iswe8SwJgiu-00106-00037362-00037811 reviewing by translating this report
+iswe8SwJgiu-00107-00037812-00038040 foreign
+iswe8SwJgiu-00108-00038041-00038405 why did we choose language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00109-00038406-00038777 um to do this research Action Project as
+iswe8SwJgiu-00110-00038778-00039023 we said before all of us who are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00111-00039024-00039280 involved and have been involved in doing
+iswe8SwJgiu-00112-00039281-00039599 this work uh bilingual or multilingual
+iswe8SwJgiu-00113-00039600-00039965 and as we started thinking about the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00114-00039966-00040205 internet that we wanted and the internet
+iswe8SwJgiu-00115-00040206-00040661 of joy and Liberation for us
+iswe8SwJgiu-00116-00040662-00040990 we thought so much in terms of language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00117-00040991-00041327 and how limited our experience of the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00118-00041328-00041549 internet is when we think about it
+iswe8SwJgiu-00119-00041550-00041849 through our languages of choice our
+iswe8SwJgiu-00120-00041850-00042035 languages of birth
+iswe8SwJgiu-00121-00042036-00042401 so for all of us who are techies I think
+iswe8SwJgiu-00122-00042402-00042605 this is a really important moment to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00123-00042606-00042868 pause and to say language is not just
+iswe8SwJgiu-00124-00042869-00042995 about tech
+iswe8SwJgiu-00125-00042996-00043318 language is about the socio-political
+iswe8SwJgiu-00126-00043319-00043649 and economic infrastructures of the ways
+iswe8SwJgiu-00127-00043650-00044008 we think believe and know these are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00128-00044009-00044218 epistemic infrastructures they are about
+iswe8SwJgiu-00129-00044219-00044477 knowing and being language is a proxy
+iswe8SwJgiu-00130-00044478-00044789 for knowledge anyone who is bilingual or
+iswe8SwJgiu-00131-00044790-00044962 multilingual knows that when you think
+iswe8SwJgiu-00132-00044963-00045287 in one language you feel and do and know
+iswe8SwJgiu-00133-00045288-00045527 in that language differently than
+iswe8SwJgiu-00134-00045528-00045851 another I speak and know in Bangla
+iswe8SwJgiu-00135-00045852-00046139 differently than I speak and know in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00136-00046140-00046223 English
+iswe8SwJgiu-00137-00046224-00046486 so to be multilingual is to honor and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00138-00046487-00046685 affirm the full richness and textures of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00139-00046686-00046858 our many cells and our different worlds
+iswe8SwJgiu-00140-00046859-00046924 better
+iswe8SwJgiu-00141-00046925-00047201 so then an Internet that is not
+iswe8SwJgiu-00142-00047202-00047524 multilingual and not multi-modal is
+iswe8SwJgiu-00143-00047525-00047921 inherently an unjust internet for most
+iswe8SwJgiu-00144-00047922-00048130 of us in the world
+iswe8SwJgiu-00145-00048131-00048502 and I just want to bring in a little bit
+iswe8SwJgiu-00146-00048503-00048796 of poetry because poetry always explains
+iswe8SwJgiu-00147-00048797-00049055 the complex so much more beautifully
+iswe8SwJgiu-00148-00049056-00049265 than any other words can
+iswe8SwJgiu-00149-00049266-00049601 and I think we understand the depth of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00150-00049602-00049858 what language means to us in poetry and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00151-00049859-00050008 music
+iswe8SwJgiu-00152-00050009-00050339 um so much more easily so this is a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00153-00050340-00050596 little couplet from a poem called Urdu
+iswe8SwJgiu-00154-00050597-00050879 by Latif Siddiqui Urdu is one of the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00155-00050880-00051118 languages that I love
+iswe8SwJgiu-00156-00051119-00052199 um and the couple it goes yes
+iswe8SwJgiu-00157-00052200-00052553 this is the language of friendship the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00158-00052554-00052937 reconciliation of Skies an ocean of Art
+iswe8SwJgiu-00159-00052938-00053242 and knowledge this world
+iswe8SwJgiu-00160-00053244-00053585 of language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00161-00053586-00053903 so in this report what did we ask and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00162-00053904-00053999 aim for
+iswe8SwJgiu-00163-00054000-00054359 we know that we have over 7 000 spoken
+iswe8SwJgiu-00164-00054360-00054659 and signed languages in the world how
+iswe8SwJgiu-00165-00054660-00054953 many can we fully experience online what
+iswe8SwJgiu-00166-00054954-00055180 were the truly multilingual and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00167-00055182-00055487 multimodal internet look feel and sound
+iswe8SwJgiu-00168-00055488-00055582 like
+iswe8SwJgiu-00169-00055583-00055823 so we try to map the current status of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00170-00055824-00056026 languages on the internet raise
+iswe8SwJgiu-00171-00056027-00056242 awareness of the challenges and the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00172-00056244-00056429 opportunities in making the internet
+iswe8SwJgiu-00173-00056429-00056771 more multilingual and together to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00174-00056772-00057113 advance an agenda for action
+iswe8SwJgiu-00175-00057114-00057454 what we did and are continuing to do is
+iswe8SwJgiu-00176-00057455-00057671 we bring together stories and numbers
+iswe8SwJgiu-00177-00057672-00057899 the stories are deep embodied
+iswe8SwJgiu-00178-00057900-00058175 experiences from our contributors from
+iswe8SwJgiu-00179-00058176-00058463 12 countries every populated continent
+iswe8SwJgiu-00180-00058464-00058888 in 13 languages uh both in the stories
+iswe8SwJgiu-00181-00058889-00059147 as well as through translations and then
+iswe8SwJgiu-00182-00059148-00059423 we did a bunch of number crunching of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00183-00059424-00059663 publicly available data across different
+iswe8SwJgiu-00184-00059664-00060016 platforms and websites 11 websites 12
+iswe8SwJgiu-00185-00060017-00060406 Android apps 16 iOS apps Google Maps and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00186-00060407-00060773 Wikipedia as two examples in which we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00187-00060774-00060988 went a little further and in more in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00188-00060989-00061163 depth and we'll come back to all of this
+iswe8SwJgiu-00189-00061164-00061444 and then there's a summary which weaves
+iswe8SwJgiu-00190-00061445-00061726 together the stories and numbers and is
+iswe8SwJgiu-00191-00061727-00062141 we hope a community resource
+iswe8SwJgiu-00192-00062141-00062285 um just as it has been Community
+iswe8SwJgiu-00193-00062286-00062549 reviewed and I hope we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00194-00062550-00062885 um are able to share it as a form of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00195-00062886-00063221 solidarity in action this is also always
+iswe8SwJgiu-00196-00063222-00063526 a work in progress we continue to invite
+iswe8SwJgiu-00197-00063527-00063713 different folks who want to translate
+iswe8SwJgiu-00198-00063714-00064061 this we continue to invite resources
+iswe8SwJgiu-00199-00064062-00064288 that you think will improve this and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00200-00064289-00064480 especially from the Mozilla Community to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00201-00064482-00064966 look at the actions we suggest and come
+iswe8SwJgiu-00202-00064967-00065273 back to us in case we miss missed
+iswe8SwJgiu-00203-00065274-00065537 anything or to continue imagining and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00204-00065538-00065788 dreaming with us
+iswe8SwJgiu-00205-00065789-00066131 so what did we learn some key takeaways
+iswe8SwJgiu-00206-00066132-00066353 the internet is nowhere near as
+iswe8SwJgiu-00207-00066354-00066617 multilingual as we imagine or needed to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00208-00066618-00067019 be only about 500 of the 7000 plus
+iswe8SwJgiu-00209-00067020-00067325 signed and spoken languages are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00210-00067326-00067643 represented in any major form of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00211-00067644-00067997 information or knowledge so most people
+iswe8SwJgiu-00212-00067998-00068315 have to use their nearest European
+iswe8SwJgiu-00213-00068316-00068561 Colonial language English Spanish
+iswe8SwJgiu-00214-00068562-00068885 Portuguese french or regionally dominant
+iswe8SwJgiu-00215-00068886-00069221 language Mandarin Chinese or Arabic to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00216-00069222-00069438 access the internet
+iswe8SwJgiu-00217-00069439-00069809 so for most of us in the world we are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00218-00069810-00070156 not coming onto the internet accessing
+iswe8SwJgiu-00219-00070157-00070403 content and even less contributing
+iswe8SwJgiu-00220-00070404-00070709 content in the languages of our birth in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00221-00070710-00070937 the languages of our choice
+iswe8SwJgiu-00222-00070938-00071171 there are historical and ongoing
+iswe8SwJgiu-00223-00071172-00071356 structures of power and privilege that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00224-00071357-00071626 are therefore intrinsic to the way that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00225-00071627-00071999 languages are accessible or not online
+iswe8SwJgiu-00226-00072000-00072359 so in our conversation together today
+iswe8SwJgiu-00227-00072360-00072629 we're going to give you a deeper glimpse
+iswe8SwJgiu-00228-00072630-00072959 of some of what we did with the state of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00229-00072960-00073267 the internet's languages report
+iswe8SwJgiu-00230-00073268-00073621 unsurprisingly the acronym becomes still
+iswe8SwJgiu-00231-00073622-00074062 what still not multilingual enough still
+iswe8SwJgiu-00232-00074063-00074315 um so the what how and what next and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00233-00074316-00074585 then together I hope we will
+iswe8SwJgiu-00234-00074586-00074903 um uh be in conversation around our wish
+iswe8SwJgiu-00235-00074904-00075125 list for a multilingual multimodal
+iswe8SwJgiu-00236-00075126-00075437 internet we'd like you straight away to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00237-00075438-00075682 start thinking about the one wish you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00238-00075683-00075911 have for a multilingual multimodal
+iswe8SwJgiu-00239-00075912-00076103 internet and we'd like you to think
+iswe8SwJgiu-00240-00076104-00076309 about it in your language of choice
+iswe8SwJgiu-00241-00076310-00076559 whether it's English or any other
+iswe8SwJgiu-00242-00076560-00076949 language please think about your wish in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00243-00076950-00077243 a language of your choice
+iswe8SwJgiu-00244-00077244-00077662 so I'm going to start by introducing you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00245-00077663-00078126 to uh extraordinary uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00246-00078127-00078376 companeros and companeros and companies
+iswe8SwJgiu-00247-00078377-00078593 all our friends who have come together
+iswe8SwJgiu-00248-00078594-00078875 to do this work with us and I'm going to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00249-00078876-00079253 start with Amna Amna is the co-founder
+iswe8SwJgiu-00250-00079254-00079606 and founder of different organizations
+iswe8SwJgiu-00251-00079607-00079849 based in Tunisia around digital
+iswe8SwJgiu-00252-00079850-00080176 citizenship and culture she has been
+iswe8SwJgiu-00253-00080177-00080423 Wicked median of the year because she is
+iswe8SwJgiu-00254-00080424-00080705 one of the global Community leaders of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00255-00080706-00080981 the Wikimedia movement but also of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00256-00080982-00081215 course a great inspiration
+iswe8SwJgiu-00257-00081216-00081461 um to Tunisian Arab and African
+iswe8SwJgiu-00258-00081462-00081688 communities in the open knowledge and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00259-00081689-00082067 open culture worlds so Amna given all of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00260-00082068-00082306 your many different languages and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00261-00082307-00082618 experiences online what do you see as
+iswe8SwJgiu-00262-00082619-00082876 the key challenges that you experience
+iswe8SwJgiu-00263-00082877-00083218 and what would your One Wish be for a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00264-00083219-00083644 multilingual internet over to you okay
+iswe8SwJgiu-00265-00083645-00083856 thank you so much
+iswe8SwJgiu-00266-00083857-00084125 thank you so much to whose knowledge and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00267-00084126-00084479 uh the most fast for this opportunity to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00268-00084480-00084688 speak about what's happening actually
+iswe8SwJgiu-00269-00084689-00085018 with our languages in the internet we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00270-00085019-00085211 would assume as you mentioned earlier
+iswe8SwJgiu-00271-00085212-00085487 that we're presented online we were
+iswe8SwJgiu-00272-00085488-00085655 presented
+iswe8SwJgiu-00273-00085656-00086111 um in the internet and um technology
+iswe8SwJgiu-00274-00086112-00086411 um and if we go there we would find what
+iswe8SwJgiu-00275-00086412-00086687 we need but actually
+iswe8SwJgiu-00276-00086688-00086776 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00277-00086777-00087197 being a wikipedian opened up my eyes a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00278-00087198-00087329 lot
+iswe8SwJgiu-00279-00087330-00087581 um it opened my eyes on the lack of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00280-00087582-00087749 knowledge
+iswe8SwJgiu-00281-00087750-00088121 um and it opened my eyes to the lack of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00282-00088122-00088493 contribution because of many many things
+iswe8SwJgiu-00283-00088494-00088829 that we discussed and we put in the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00284-00088830-00088979 report
+iswe8SwJgiu-00285-00088980-00089267 um but also it
+iswe8SwJgiu-00286-00089268-00089488 um it drove me to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00287-00089489-00089837 um to speak to many people to understand
+iswe8SwJgiu-00288-00089838-00090155 um what languages we uh we want what
+iswe8SwJgiu-00289-00090156-00090412 languages we use
+iswe8SwJgiu-00290-00090413-00090743 um and so here for the question why do
+iswe8SwJgiu-00291-00090744-00090900 we have to write in another language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00292-00090901-00091265 actually for multiple reasons because as
+iswe8SwJgiu-00293-00091266-00091500 I said there is a lack of knowledge
+iswe8SwJgiu-00294-00091501-00091865 we don't know how to access the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00295-00091866-00092093 information or resource in our own
+iswe8SwJgiu-00296-00092094-00092465 language if the language exists
+iswe8SwJgiu-00297-00092466-00092771 um we don't um or the search and Giants
+iswe8SwJgiu-00298-00092772-00092987 they do not understand us they do not
+iswe8SwJgiu-00299-00092988-00093232 understand our language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00300-00093233-00093617 um coming from an African an Arab
+iswe8SwJgiu-00301-00093618-00093971 background I would tell that our history
+iswe8SwJgiu-00302-00093972-00094271 is very oral and so we're missing a lot
+iswe8SwJgiu-00303-00094272-00094571 it's not written it's
+iswe8SwJgiu-00304-00094572-00094841 um it's cascaded and it's
+iswe8SwJgiu-00305-00094842-00095171 um transmitted from generation to the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00306-00095172-00095488 other orally and so we're missing a lot
+iswe8SwJgiu-00307-00095489-00095956 so we do not write the other cannot see
+iswe8SwJgiu-00308-00095957-00096203 yes if we do not write
+iswe8SwJgiu-00309-00096204-00096479 um this is why we go to other languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00310-00096480-00096755 as you mentioned earlier and asuria we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00311-00096756-00096979 go to the nearest language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00312-00096980-00097306 big language such as the colonial
+iswe8SwJgiu-00313-00097307-00097438 languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00314-00097439-00097788 um French in the Tunisian
+iswe8SwJgiu-00315-00097789-00098118 situation for example or English
+iswe8SwJgiu-00316-00098119-00098617 to those who speak in North Africa
+iswe8SwJgiu-00317-00098618-00099053 for example in Egypt we go to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00318-00099054-00099443 um Standard Arabic um which is not the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00319-00099444-00099803 local language so here comes the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00320-00099804-00100103 definition of what's the language is it
+iswe8SwJgiu-00321-00100104-00100241 the language that has an international
+iswe8SwJgiu-00322-00100242-00100505 code the language is
+iswe8SwJgiu-00323-00100506-00100738 um globally known as a language or is it
+iswe8SwJgiu-00324-00100739-00101044 the language that we speak when we are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00325-00101045-00101194 born
+iswe8SwJgiu-00326-00101195-00101476 um so for example I would say I speak my
+iswe8SwJgiu-00327-00101477-00101903 first mother tongue is tunsi the dialect
+iswe8SwJgiu-00328-00101904-00102268 of Tunisia or the delja
+iswe8SwJgiu-00329-00102269-00102508 um it's the same for other people in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00330-00102509-00102713 other countries across
+iswe8SwJgiu-00331-00102714-00103025 um Africa for example there are multiple
+iswe8SwJgiu-00332-00103026-00103192 languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00333-00103193-00103475 um we know that we in North Africa for
+iswe8SwJgiu-00334-00103476-00103589 example
+iswe8SwJgiu-00335-00103590-00103871 we speak Arabic
+iswe8SwJgiu-00336-00103872-00104218 um by default we study Standard Arabic
+iswe8SwJgiu-00337-00104219-00104392 but also we speak
+iswe8SwJgiu-00338-00104393-00104699 um our local languages and those local
+iswe8SwJgiu-00339-00104700-00104934 languages they are not known online
+iswe8SwJgiu-00340-00104935-00105299 until very recently we started with for
+iswe8SwJgiu-00341-00105300-00105581 example blogging with our own languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00342-00105582-00106121 to own that space But still that would
+iswe8SwJgiu-00343-00106122-00106481 lead us to a lot of challenges
+iswe8SwJgiu-00344-00106482-00106745 um and so one of the examples that I
+iswe8SwJgiu-00345-00106746-00106847 faced
+iswe8SwJgiu-00346-00106848-00107147 um or I discussed with a person during
+iswe8SwJgiu-00347-00107148-00107495 this research was that why they would go
+iswe8SwJgiu-00348-00107496-00107783 to their own language or their dialect
+iswe8SwJgiu-00349-00107783-00108233 to write and they said they feel and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00350-00108233-00108533 think in that language so they wanna
+iswe8SwJgiu-00351-00108533-00108934 write a name but what we are observing
+iswe8SwJgiu-00352-00108935-00109390 as challenges is for example the social
+iswe8SwJgiu-00353-00109391-00109558 media platforms they don't know that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00354-00109559-00109793 language and so sometimes Community
+iswe8SwJgiu-00355-00109794-00110123 standards or term of services
+iswe8SwJgiu-00356-00110124-00110386 um end up taking down that content and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00357-00110388-00110657 that creates some frustration
+iswe8SwJgiu-00358-00110658-00110740 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00359-00110741-00111077 just to wrap up um and to finish with my
+iswe8SwJgiu-00360-00111078-00111190 wish
+iswe8SwJgiu-00361-00111191-00111383 um here uh I would say it in English
+iswe8SwJgiu-00362-00111383-00111725 then and Standard Arabic as a language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00363-00111726-00111952 of my choice right now
+iswe8SwJgiu-00364-00111953-00112216 um I wish the the automatic translation
+iswe8SwJgiu-00365-00112217-00112571 which are being great tool um online and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00366-00112572-00112816 social media for example I wish they
+iswe8SwJgiu-00367-00112817-00113134 become more um efficient when they
+iswe8SwJgiu-00368-00113135-00113357 translate from Arabic to other languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00369-00113358-00113645 because now the translation makes zero
+iswe8SwJgiu-00370-00113646-00113975 sense and it's rather funny than
+iswe8SwJgiu-00371-00113976-00114202 um efficient and accurate
+iswe8SwJgiu-00372-00114203-00114989 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00373-00114990-00115223 and thank you so much
+iswe8SwJgiu-00374-00115224-00115619 ah thank you so much Amna for that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00375-00115620-00115943 um so much richness in what you said and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00376-00115944-00116189 I'm sitting with one of the things you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00377-00116190-00116428 said which I think will resonate with
+iswe8SwJgiu-00378-00116429-00116651 Pascal whom I'm going to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00379-00116652-00116890 um turn to next but you said
+iswe8SwJgiu-00380-00116891-00117119 if we don't
+iswe8SwJgiu-00381-00117120-00117365 um speak the language that the internet
+iswe8SwJgiu-00382-00117366-00117497 speaks
+iswe8SwJgiu-00383-00117498-00117869 we are not seen so just paraphrase you a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00384-00117870-00118078 little bit but if we don't speak a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00385-00118079-00118373 dominant or a colonial language uh we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00386-00118374-00118702 are not seen and so I'm going to turn to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00387-00118703-00118973 pasca now who is digital intelligence
+iswe8SwJgiu-00388-00118974-00119147 manager at the center for digital
+iswe8SwJgiu-00389-00119148-00119525 digital Society Indonesia their research
+iswe8SwJgiu-00390-00119526-00119849 interests include social media use by
+iswe8SwJgiu-00391-00119850-00120160 minority groups digital activism queer
+iswe8SwJgiu-00392-00120161-00120383 Internet and information access in the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00393-00120383-00120707 global South and pasca for you in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00394-00120708-00120977 particular one of the most moving things
+iswe8SwJgiu-00395-00120978-00121343 as we were looking at your contribution
+iswe8SwJgiu-00396-00121344-00121847 and learning from it is the depth of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00397-00121848-00121981 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00398-00121982-00122327 invisibility and lack of content of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00399-00122328-00122645 queer content of content for non-binary
+iswe8SwJgiu-00400-00122646-00122957 folks in Bahasa Indonesia which is as we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00401-00122958-00123214 know one of the most spoken languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00402-00123215-00123425 across the world
+iswe8SwJgiu-00403-00123426-00123784 um you know Indonesia and Indonesians
+iswe8SwJgiu-00404-00123785-00124169 are on the web in a highly connected and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00405-00124170-00124513 yet there's such uh a depth of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00406-00124514-00124973 invisibility and uh lack of content of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00407-00124974-00125231 your choice can you tell us about your
+iswe8SwJgiu-00408-00125232-00125495 challenges in accessing and contributing
+iswe8SwJgiu-00409-00125496-00125795 content and your one wish for a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00410-00125796-00126360 multilingual internet
+iswe8SwJgiu-00411-00126361-00126695 for the opportunity given to me to share
+iswe8SwJgiu-00412-00126696-00127001 my experience and to explain a little
+iswe8SwJgiu-00413-00127002-00127295 bit about the condition of Indonesia
+iswe8SwJgiu-00414-00127296-00127660 when it comes to queer related content
+iswe8SwJgiu-00415-00127661-00127925 so I will be speaking mostly based on my
+iswe8SwJgiu-00416-00127926-00128158 personal experience and also based on my
+iswe8SwJgiu-00417-00128159-00128369 personal observation as a part of the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00418-00128370-00128566 minority group in Indonesia
+iswe8SwJgiu-00419-00128567-00128951 so um growing up I was really struggling
+iswe8SwJgiu-00420-00128952-00129125 with my identity
+iswe8SwJgiu-00421-00129126-00129389 um and I was growing up in a very
+iswe8SwJgiu-00422-00129390-00129593 conservative environment in a small town
+iswe8SwJgiu-00423-00129594-00129851 Indonesia and I didn't really have
+iswe8SwJgiu-00424-00129852-00130078 access to the outside world so the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00425-00130079-00130277 internet is basically the only Gateway
+iswe8SwJgiu-00426-00130278-00130577 for me to learn about you know who I am
+iswe8SwJgiu-00427-00130578-00131002 about my community about my identity and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00428-00131003-00131309 back then my I have very I had very
+iswe8SwJgiu-00429-00131310-00131585 limited English scale I didn't really
+iswe8SwJgiu-00430-00131586-00131807 understand a lot of things in English so
+iswe8SwJgiu-00431-00131808-00132047 I had to resort to using my native
+iswe8SwJgiu-00432-00132048-00132364 language Indonesian to find content
+iswe8SwJgiu-00433-00132365-00132778 related to lgbtqia plus queer content
+iswe8SwJgiu-00434-00132779-00133121 that can help me understand my identity
+iswe8SwJgiu-00435-00133122-00133433 can help me understand who I am as a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00436-00133434-00133613 person
+iswe8SwJgiu-00437-00133614-00133883 um but unfortunately when it comes to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00438-00133884-00134099 career content in Indonesia it was very
+iswe8SwJgiu-00439-00134100-00134399 difficult to find affirming content to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00440-00134400-00134693 find content that could educator could
+iswe8SwJgiu-00441-00134694-00135059 help people from the gender and sexual
+iswe8SwJgiu-00442-00135060-00135185 minorities
+iswe8SwJgiu-00443-00135186-00135340 so
+iswe8SwJgiu-00444-00135341-00135443 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00445-00135444-00135851 when I contributed this essay to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00446-00135852-00136073 um the state of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00447-00136074-00136325 um the internet languages report
+iswe8SwJgiu-00448-00136326-00136673 I was wondering if the same condition if
+iswe8SwJgiu-00449-00136674-00136840 the same situation that I experienced
+iswe8SwJgiu-00450-00136841-00137051 before 10 years ago when I was a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00451-00137052-00137363 teenager still happened right now so I
+iswe8SwJgiu-00452-00137364-00137554 tried I did a little bit of research I
+iswe8SwJgiu-00453-00137555-00137771 did some interviews with people from my
+iswe8SwJgiu-00454-00137772-00138064 community and it turns out the situation
+iswe8SwJgiu-00455-00138065-00138316 didn't doesn't really change it's still
+iswe8SwJgiu-00456-00138317-00138593 the same after 10 years it's still very
+iswe8SwJgiu-00457-00138594-00138814 difficult to find content
+iswe8SwJgiu-00458-00138815-00139133 um tailored for the lgbtqia plus
+iswe8SwJgiu-00459-00139134-00139414 Community it's still very difficult to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00460-00139415-00139702 just you know Google something or find
+iswe8SwJgiu-00461-00139703-00139883 something on the search engine of your
+iswe8SwJgiu-00462-00139884-00140254 choice and find some positive content
+iswe8SwJgiu-00463-00140255-00140525 related to the community if you search
+iswe8SwJgiu-00464-00140526-00140869 on homosexuality tests for example or
+iswe8SwJgiu-00465-00140870-00141299 LGBT and other keywords related to the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00466-00141300-00141563 queer Community the research that you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00467-00141564-00141959 find would be those articles those are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00468-00141960-00142264 search results that actually condemn the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00469-00142265-00142385 community
+iswe8SwJgiu-00470-00142386-00142564 so
+iswe8SwJgiu-00471-00142565-00142978 um I'm thinking how important it is to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00472-00142979-00143297 create more affirmative content for the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00473-00143298-00143489 community to help the younger generation
+iswe8SwJgiu-00474-00143490-00143807 especially to have those who are less
+iswe8SwJgiu-00475-00143808-00144071 privileged because I have to admit that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00476-00144072-00144293 I'm very privileged right now I'm able
+iswe8SwJgiu-00477-00144294-00144575 to understand English I'm able to search
+iswe8SwJgiu-00478-00144576-00144737 content in English I'm able to read
+iswe8SwJgiu-00479-00144738-00144904 content in English and that's a huge
+iswe8SwJgiu-00480-00144905-00145169 privilege when it comes to other people
+iswe8SwJgiu-00481-00145170-00145511 in Indonesia a lot of them are not able
+iswe8SwJgiu-00482-00145512-00145757 to understand English easily so if they
+iswe8SwJgiu-00483-00145758-00145943 want to find queer content on the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00484-00145944-00146093 internet sometimes they don't really
+iswe8SwJgiu-00485-00146094-00146326 understand what the content is about and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00486-00146327-00146549 if they want to find content in Pasa
+iswe8SwJgiu-00487-00146550-00146740 Indonesia for example it will be very
+iswe8SwJgiu-00488-00146741-00147013 difficult for them to find some positive
+iswe8SwJgiu-00489-00147014-00147497 educational affirming content that could
+iswe8SwJgiu-00490-00147498-00147749 um reinforce this
+iswe8SwJgiu-00491-00147750-00147959 um that could justify their identity
+iswe8SwJgiu-00492-00147960-00148181 that could embrace them as a query
+iswe8SwJgiu-00493-00148182-00148354 individual
+iswe8SwJgiu-00494-00148355-00148619 so I did a little bit
+iswe8SwJgiu-00495-00148620-00148871 um of observation on the internet and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00496-00148872-00149033 unfortunately most of the search results
+iswe8SwJgiu-00497-00149034-00149321 if you go from the first page under the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00498-00149322-00149663 third page for example all of them are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00499-00149664-00149740 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00500-00149741-00150107 articles that condemn the community and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00501-00150108-00150293 most of the time we have to resort to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00502-00150294-00150545 using English to find something that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00503-00150546-00150839 could help us understand who we are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00504-00150840-00150995 so
+iswe8SwJgiu-00505-00150996-00151390 um here we can see how populating the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00506-00151391-00151726 internet with content from
+iswe8SwJgiu-00507-00151727-00152009 um local languages from Regional
+iswe8SwJgiu-00508-00152010-00152219 languages they are still not represented
+iswe8SwJgiu-00509-00152220-00152404 on the Internet it's not only a matter
+iswe8SwJgiu-00510-00152405-00152609 of Technology but it's also political
+iswe8SwJgiu-00511-00152610-00153016 it's also social it relates to the um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00512-00153017-00153316 social condition in the country to how
+iswe8SwJgiu-00513-00153317-00153664 the government regulates the internet to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00514-00153665-00153971 how the even when it comes to technology
+iswe8SwJgiu-00515-00153972-00154240 the um how the technology facilitates
+iswe8SwJgiu-00516-00154241-00154397 people to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00517-00154398-00154643 um create content to share content to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00518-00154644-00154931 increase the feasibility of content it
+iswe8SwJgiu-00519-00154932-00155183 we can see that it is important to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00520-00155184-00155447 facilitate to help those people who come
+iswe8SwJgiu-00521-00155448-00155681 from the minority groups those people
+iswe8SwJgiu-00522-00155682-00155969 who are not speaking the colonial
+iswe8SwJgiu-00523-00155970-00156251 languages for example to be able to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00524-00156252-00156526 increase the visibility of their uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00525-00156527-00156754 content to be able to amplify their
+iswe8SwJgiu-00526-00156755-00157073 voices so that when other people are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00527-00157074-00157349 trying to look for a Content that can
+iswe8SwJgiu-00528-00157350-00157631 help them in their own languages they
+iswe8SwJgiu-00529-00157632-00157799 will be able to find it is they won't
+iswe8SwJgiu-00530-00157800-00157937 have to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00531-00157938-00158290 um go through 10 pages on some search
+iswe8SwJgiu-00532-00158291-00158476 engines just to find like one positive
+iswe8SwJgiu-00533-00158477-00158813 content so um it relates to my wish
+iswe8SwJgiu-00534-00158814-00159095 um one my one wish for a multilingual
+iswe8SwJgiu-00535-00159096-00159226 internet is
+iswe8SwJgiu-00536-00159227-00159401 to have
+iswe8SwJgiu-00537-00159402-00159623 um it relates to what I'm not said
+iswe8SwJgiu-00538-00159624-00159802 before I wish
+iswe8SwJgiu-00539-00159803-00159995 um there will be some technology that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00540-00159996-00160271 would make it easier for people to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00541-00160272-00160433 um understand content in different
+iswe8SwJgiu-00542-00160434-00160619 languages so that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00543-00160620-00160804 um when it comes to creating content on
+iswe8SwJgiu-00544-00160805-00161045 the internet it doesn't only rely on
+iswe8SwJgiu-00545-00161046-00161219 people who
+iswe8SwJgiu-00546-00161220-00161369 um populate the content on the internet
+iswe8SwJgiu-00547-00161370-00161585 who brought great content on the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00548-00161586-00161849 internet but these people can also
+iswe8SwJgiu-00549-00161850-00162076 understand easily content created by
+iswe8SwJgiu-00550-00162077-00162275 other people from the other side of the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00551-00162276-00162454 world I think that's very important
+iswe8SwJgiu-00552-00162455-00162623 because if you want appropriate content
+iswe8SwJgiu-00553-00162624-00162814 with local languages or native languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00554-00162815-00163054 for example it will take a while but if
+iswe8SwJgiu-00555-00163055-00163271 you have the technology that would make
+iswe8SwJgiu-00556-00163272-00163523 this Transit translation becomes more
+iswe8SwJgiu-00557-00163524-00163697 seamless that would have the minority
+iswe8SwJgiu-00558-00163698-00163931 groups to really understand to really
+iswe8SwJgiu-00559-00163932-00164176 get the content that they needed to help
+iswe8SwJgiu-00560-00164177-00164404 them to go through life
+iswe8SwJgiu-00561-00164405-00164609 in their environment
+iswe8SwJgiu-00562-00164610-00164885 I think that's it honestly thank you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00563-00164886-00165281 thank you so much paska and I'm still
+iswe8SwJgiu-00564-00165282-00165557 struck by the fact that and I and I want
+iswe8SwJgiu-00565-00165558-00165851 to sort of hold the fact that even as we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00566-00165852-00166037 talk about translation and translation
+iswe8SwJgiu-00567-00166038-00166373 technology at the core of that as we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00568-00166374-00166678 know it's not going to be Auto Magic if
+iswe8SwJgiu-00569-00166679-00166943 the content itself that we use the data
+iswe8SwJgiu-00570-00166944-00167290 sets itself that we use are biased uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00571-00167291-00167851 homophobic uh uh uh uh anti-queer uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00572-00167852-00168119 non-progressive or anti-feminist they
+iswe8SwJgiu-00573-00168120-00168401 are not going to be the content and the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00574-00168402-00168671 language of all of us of the world we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00575-00168672-00168875 want of a world of justice and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00576-00168876-00169175 Liberation if we are not able to produce
+iswe8SwJgiu-00577-00169176-00169414 content in our own languages freely and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00578-00169415-00169564 save you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00579-00169565-00169649 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00580-00169650-00169864 so thank you again
+iswe8SwJgiu-00581-00169865-00169990 um so much
+iswe8SwJgiu-00582-00169991-00170128 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00583-00170129-00170483 I'm going to move now to sneha and sneha
+iswe8SwJgiu-00584-00170484-00170659 I'm going to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00585-00170660-00170878 you work with the center for internet
+iswe8SwJgiu-00586-00170879-00171119 and Society Bangalore and you've really
+iswe8SwJgiu-00587-00171120-00171490 anchored the the call for contributions
+iswe8SwJgiu-00588-00171491-00171688 um these deep stories deep embodied
+iswe8SwJgiu-00589-00171689-00171940 experiences from around the world
+iswe8SwJgiu-00590-00171941-00172138 um and your interests of course include
+iswe8SwJgiu-00591-00172139-00172373 digital media and cultures and and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00592-00172374-00172675 access to knowledge is there one other
+iswe8SwJgiu-00593-00172676-00172990 embodied experience of the many that we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00594-00172991-00173321 have uh in this languages report that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00595-00173322-00173543 you would like to highlight to add to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00596-00173544-00173825 what Amna and pasca have just shared
+iswe8SwJgiu-00597-00173826-00174378 with us
+iswe8SwJgiu-00598-00174379-00174766 right thank you thanks so much so yeah
+iswe8SwJgiu-00599-00174767-00174964 absolutely I think
+iswe8SwJgiu-00600-00174965-00175252 um as our collaborators have pointed out
+iswe8SwJgiu-00601-00175253-00175481 um you know before this of course uh I
+iswe8SwJgiu-00602-00175482-00175733 think multi-modality for me is is a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00603-00175734-00175895 thematic that has really stood out
+iswe8SwJgiu-00604-00175896-00176075 across
+iswe8SwJgiu-00605-00176076-00176423 um all the stories uh in this report I
+iswe8SwJgiu-00606-00176424-00176669 think all the stories present very
+iswe8SwJgiu-00607-00176670-00176993 embodied very experiential narratives of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00608-00176994-00177238 uh language so whether through speech
+iswe8SwJgiu-00609-00177239-00177413 science
+iswe8SwJgiu-00610-00177414-00177826 um emojis text right so um and so if you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00611-00177827-00178031 look at some of the stories uh you know
+iswe8SwJgiu-00612-00178032-00178366 the use of say emojis the use of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00613-00178367-00178547 um say orality
+iswe8SwJgiu-00614-00178548-00178888 um you know images signs Etc and how the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00615-00178889-00179123 question also this you know this whole
+iswe8SwJgiu-00616-00179124-00179333 sort of Primacy of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00617-00179334-00179614 um you know the textual and uh the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00618-00179615-00179788 availability of textual content on the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00619-00179789-00179933 internet right so I think all the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00620-00179934-00180088 initiatives
+iswe8SwJgiu-00621-00180089-00180371 um also use uh the affordances of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00622-00180372-00180599 digital tools and platforms uh social
+iswe8SwJgiu-00623-00180600-00180881 media Etc to illustrate this
+iswe8SwJgiu-00624-00180882-00181090 um very beautifully so just as as
+iswe8SwJgiu-00625-00181091-00181288 examples I think if you look at the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00626-00181289-00181499 Indus Emoji project
+iswe8SwJgiu-00627-00181500-00181769 um from Central Australia I think you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00628-00181770-00181985 know which brings I think uh indigenous
+iswe8SwJgiu-00629-00181986-00182351 words in the form of emojis
+iswe8SwJgiu-00630-00182352-00182590 online so and through and accessed
+iswe8SwJgiu-00631-00182591-00182771 through an app now I think that's a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00632-00182772-00182938 beautiful example I think the project
+iswe8SwJgiu-00633-00182939-00183287 that is located on uh in Turtle Island I
+iswe8SwJgiu-00634-00183288-00183497 think which uses Twitter to look at
+iswe8SwJgiu-00635-00183498-00183754 again translations of indigenous uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00636-00183755-00184061 words uh red so I think that's again I
+iswe8SwJgiu-00637-00184062-00184252 think a beautiful example of this so I
+iswe8SwJgiu-00638-00184253-00184445 think all through um you know because I
+iswe8SwJgiu-00639-00184446-00184637 wouldn't be able to go through all of uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00640-00184638-00184888 the stories but I think all of them in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00641-00184889-00185111 many ways uh definitely kind of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00642-00185112-00185447 highlight uh multi-modality and really
+iswe8SwJgiu-00643-00185448-00185819 sort of tell us what what kind of very
+iswe8SwJgiu-00644-00185820-00185935 sort of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00645-00185936-00186311 multifaceted experiences uh you know one
+iswe8SwJgiu-00646-00186312-00186461 can look at when we're looking at
+iswe8SwJgiu-00647-00186462-00186838 languages so yeah thank you thanks so
+iswe8SwJgiu-00648-00186839-00187097 much sneha uh thank you for that for a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00649-00187098-00187235 little more flavor and again an
+iswe8SwJgiu-00650-00187236-00187426 invitation to everyone to look at these
+iswe8SwJgiu-00651-00187427-00187678 deep and wonderful stories in multiple
+iswe8SwJgiu-00652-00187679-00188093 languages but we're now going to go to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00653-00188094-00188464 um Martin because Martin really
+iswe8SwJgiu-00654-00188465-00188549 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00655-00188550-00188902 grounded uh these deep uh embodied
+iswe8SwJgiu-00656-00188903-00189119 experiences in a different way by number
+iswe8SwJgiu-00657-00189120-00189514 crunching and looking at data across
+iswe8SwJgiu-00658-00189515-00189737 different platforms Martin is a digital
+iswe8SwJgiu-00659-00189738-00189904 geographer and data scientist who's
+iswe8SwJgiu-00660-00189905-00190054 currently at the London borough of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00661-00190055-00190276 lewisham but he was at the Oxford
+iswe8SwJgiu-00662-00190277-00190469 internet Institute when he worked with
+iswe8SwJgiu-00663-00190470-00190823 us to hold this research together so
+iswe8SwJgiu-00664-00190824-00191087 Martin I'm going to ask you to walk us
+iswe8SwJgiu-00665-00191088-00191381 through the numbers uh and and show us
+iswe8SwJgiu-00666-00191382-00191854 how these um these deep experiences of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00667-00191855-00192226 all of us are demonstrated through the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00668-00192227-00192437 data as well
+iswe8SwJgiu-00669-00192438-00192673 absolutely thank you so much um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00670-00192674-00192995 so we as as you were saying in the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00671-00192996-00193126 beginning we were trying to approach
+iswe8SwJgiu-00672-00193127-00193433 this this question of uh languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00673-00193434-00193631 online through
+iswe8SwJgiu-00674-00193632-00193876 um a number of approaches and the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00675-00193877-00194093 storytelling part I think is incredibly
+iswe8SwJgiu-00676-00194094-00194399 important to give us a sense of the the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00677-00194400-00194585 human impact
+iswe8SwJgiu-00678-00194586-00194890 um that uh these shortcomings come up at
+iswe8SwJgiu-00679-00194891-00195028 the same time we were also trying to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00680-00195029-00195233 understand can we estimate the scale at
+iswe8SwJgiu-00681-00195234-00195466 which this takes place
+iswe8SwJgiu-00682-00195467-00195916 um could we go to the next slide please
+iswe8SwJgiu-00683-00195917-00196211 um so just as a brief recap that our
+iswe8SwJgiu-00684-00196212-00196421 starting point was we we know that there
+iswe8SwJgiu-00685-00196422-00196619 are about 7 000 languages that are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00686-00196620-00196769 spoken today
+iswe8SwJgiu-00687-00196770-00197009 um we are starting to get a clear sense
+iswe8SwJgiu-00688-00197010-00197297 that this online spaces don't reflect
+iswe8SwJgiu-00689-00197298-00197590 this uh this diversity so we are one of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00690-00197591-00197728 the things that we were trying to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00691-00197729-00197885 understand is how many people are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00692-00197886-00198473 potentially affected by this
+iswe8SwJgiu-00693-00198474-00198940 um we were also we started by seeing
+iswe8SwJgiu-00694-00198941-00199085 what kind of research has been done and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00695-00199086-00199319 and there's of course a lot that people
+iswe8SwJgiu-00696-00199320-00199523 have uh a lot of work that people have
+iswe8SwJgiu-00697-00199524-00199702 done to try and understand what kind of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00698-00199703-00199919 content is available online and in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00699-00199920-00200159 English language is written
+iswe8SwJgiu-00700-00200160-00200507 um in our discussions we were starting
+iswe8SwJgiu-00701-00200508-00200740 to think that maybe one of the specific
+iswe8SwJgiu-00702-00200741-00201028 questions we wanted to look at is the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00703-00201029-00201263 question to what extent language support
+iswe8SwJgiu-00704-00201264-00201466 or the absence of language support can
+iswe8SwJgiu-00705-00201467-00201731 be a potential barrier to entry I'm not
+iswe8SwJgiu-00706-00201732-00202078 had a few examples of that in her in her
+iswe8SwJgiu-00707-00202079-00202307 story around the terms of service that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00708-00202308-00202528 mypots uh there might be police in a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00709-00202529-00202702 particular language but not in others
+iswe8SwJgiu-00710-00202703-00202871 but they're also even on a more basic
+iswe8SwJgiu-00711-00202872-00203063 level the question when you open the app
+iswe8SwJgiu-00712-00203064-00203393 or when you go to a website can you can
+iswe8SwJgiu-00713-00203394-00203609 you understand uh what is being
+iswe8SwJgiu-00714-00203610-00203788 presented to you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00715-00203789-00203975 um so you can you can even simply just
+iswe8SwJgiu-00716-00203976-00204149 create an account and can you do that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00717-00204150-00204352 part in your language can the website
+iswe8SwJgiu-00718-00204353-00204611 explain to you it's working and it's
+iswe8SwJgiu-00719-00204612-00204803 online in your in the language that you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00720-00204804-00205012 would like to uh that you would like to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00721-00205013-00205096 use
+iswe8SwJgiu-00722-00205098-00205366 so we identified a number of categories
+iswe8SwJgiu-00723-00205367-00205612 of websites of enough apps that we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00724-00205613-00205810 specifically wanted to look at and we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00725-00205811-00206040 were particularly interested in uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00726-00206041-00206248 platforms relating to knowledge access
+iswe8SwJgiu-00727-00206250-00206573 like search engines like Wikipedia and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00728-00206573-00206806 others but also language learning and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00729-00206807-00207005 Communications or chat apps and so on
+iswe8SwJgiu-00730-00207006-00207238 and we specifically for each of these we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00731-00207239-00207394 asked the question
+iswe8SwJgiu-00732-00207396-00207634 um is the interface of this website or
+iswe8SwJgiu-00733-00207635-00207832 this app available in multiple languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00734-00207833-00208162 and if so which ones are there
+iswe8SwJgiu-00735-00208163-00208516 and next slide please
+iswe8SwJgiu-00736-00208517-00208801 um it's the the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00737-00208802-00209056 brief summary of this there's a lot of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00738-00209057-00209194 detail in there we'll show some of that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00739-00209196-00209410 in a bit but the brief summary is has
+iswe8SwJgiu-00740-00209411-00209584 been highlighted multiple times already
+iswe8SwJgiu-00741-00209585-00209813 is very clearly
+iswe8SwJgiu-00742-00209814-00209998 um it's a very clear picture
+iswe8SwJgiu-00743-00210000-00210173 um there's a small number of languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00744-00210173-00210365 that are very widely supported and it
+iswe8SwJgiu-00745-00210366-00210719 tends to be as an beginning European
+iswe8SwJgiu-00746-00210719-00210905 Colonial languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00747-00210906-00211139 um certain certain majority languages in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00748-00211140-00211313 particular regions
+iswe8SwJgiu-00749-00211314-00211492 um and thousands of languages are not
+iswe8SwJgiu-00750-00211494-00211681 supported at all and then
+iswe8SwJgiu-00751-00211682-00211901 their languages in the middle there are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00752-00211902-00212134 supported in certain circumstances and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00753-00212135-00212375 we'll see examples of that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00754-00212376-00212506 um one thing from an open knowledge
+iswe8SwJgiu-00755-00212507-00212651 perspective one thing that we found very
+iswe8SwJgiu-00756-00212652-00212860 gratifying is to see that Wikipedia is
+iswe8SwJgiu-00757-00212861-00213053 really one of the platforms that's at
+iswe8SwJgiu-00758-00213054-00213256 the Forefront of this Wikipedia today
+iswe8SwJgiu-00759-00213257-00213532 supports about 300 languages and it
+iswe8SwJgiu-00760-00213533-00213701 keeps growing where there's both
+iswe8SwJgiu-00761-00213702-00213892 interface support as well as growing
+iswe8SwJgiu-00762-00213894-00214096 amount of content and Google search
+iswe8SwJgiu-00763-00214098-00214331 Facebook are kind of similarly they're
+iswe8SwJgiu-00764-00214332-00214684 not not quite as uh far but they're
+iswe8SwJgiu-00765-00214685-00214865 they're they're really good as well
+iswe8SwJgiu-00766-00214866-00215171 comparatively among messaging up signal
+iswe8SwJgiu-00767-00215171-00215308 messenger is really doing well
+iswe8SwJgiu-00768-00215309-00215477 potentially as a result of its open
+iswe8SwJgiu-00769-00215478-00215639 source approach because it can benefit
+iswe8SwJgiu-00770-00215640-00215951 from Community contributions and Signal
+iswe8SwJgiu-00771-00215952-00216137 supports on the order of 50 to 70
+iswe8SwJgiu-00772-00216138-00216346 language and languages depending on the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00773-00216348-00216491 platform we look at
+iswe8SwJgiu-00774-00216492-00216725 those are the exceptions most platforms
+iswe8SwJgiu-00775-00216726-00216929 we looked at maybe support a dozen
+iswe8SwJgiu-00776-00216930-00217027 languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00777-00217028-00217469 but I suspect the uh even those that is
+iswe8SwJgiu-00778-00217469-00217660 only true for platforms that are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00779-00217661-00217979 relatively widely um widely used thank
+iswe8SwJgiu-00780-00217980-00218117 you next slide please
+iswe8SwJgiu-00781-00218117-00218334 foreign
+iswe8SwJgiu-00782-00218335-00218596 one of the things we were as I was
+iswe8SwJgiu-00783-00218598-00218717 saying we were trying to understand is
+iswe8SwJgiu-00784-00218717-00218860 how many people are potentially affected
+iswe8SwJgiu-00785-00218861-00218975 by this
+iswe8SwJgiu-00786-00218976-00219029 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00787-00219030-00219310 we um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00788-00219311-00219460 we were
+iswe8SwJgiu-00789-00219461-00219569 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00790-00219569-00219839 there there's a language survey by
+iswe8SwJgiu-00791-00219840-00220181 ethnologue which is a data sets um uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00792-00220182-00220403 that tries to estimate for the the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00793-00220404-00220613 languages spoken today how many people
+iswe8SwJgiu-00794-00220614-00220882 speak that language and based on that we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00795-00220883-00221051 can derive a kind of estimates if
+iswe8SwJgiu-00796-00221052-00221219 certain if a platform does not support
+iswe8SwJgiu-00797-00221219-00221398 certain languages how many people are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00798-00221400-00221608 potentially affected by this and through
+iswe8SwJgiu-00799-00221609-00221705 that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00800-00221706-00221981 um that kind of basic approach we try to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00801-00221982-00222131 estimate for each of the platforms we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00802-00222132-00222310 looked at how many people potentially
+iswe8SwJgiu-00803-00222311-00222569 cannot access this platform this website
+iswe8SwJgiu-00804-00222569-00222760 or this app if they don't speak a second
+iswe8SwJgiu-00805-00222761-00222923 language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00806-00222923-00223073 um and we can see here on the charts
+iswe8SwJgiu-00807-00223073-00223253 because it's broken out by particular
+iswe8SwJgiu-00808-00223254-00223463 platforms we have websites at the top
+iswe8SwJgiu-00809-00223464-00223691 Google Maps Google search and so on by
+iswe8SwJgiu-00810-00223692-00223889 then Androids apps in the middle iOS
+iswe8SwJgiu-00811-00223890-00224110 apps at the bottom uh I think
+iswe8SwJgiu-00812-00224111-00224321 particularly the the blue ones uh might
+iswe8SwJgiu-00813-00224321-00224465 be worth highlights and these are the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00814-00224466-00224723 messaging platforms uh and you can see
+iswe8SwJgiu-00815-00224723-00225151 for example a zoom telegram are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00816-00225152-00225389 potentially excluding a large number of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00817-00225390-00225610 people we've drawn this vertical blue
+iswe8SwJgiu-00818-00225611-00225934 bar here that dashed line which is kind
+iswe8SwJgiu-00819-00225935-00226110 of the obstacle
+iswe8SwJgiu-00820-00226111-00226391 represents the threshold where half the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00821-00226392-00226571 world's population was potentially
+iswe8SwJgiu-00822-00226571-00226865 excluded and and both zoom and telegram
+iswe8SwJgiu-00823-00226866-00227075 are basically at at or beyond that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00824-00227076-00227255 threshold so they're really widely used
+iswe8SwJgiu-00825-00227256-00227477 platforms but they're really not that
+iswe8SwJgiu-00826-00227478-00227813 great in their language support
+iswe8SwJgiu-00827-00227814-00228017 um so overall we can assume most
+iswe8SwJgiu-00828-00228017-00228184 platforms we look at billions of people
+iswe8SwJgiu-00829-00228185-00228371 are potentially excluded on the basis of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00830-00228371-00228875 language thank you next slide please
+iswe8SwJgiu-00831-00228876-00229042 uh we we were then also trying to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00832-00229044-00229187 understand
+iswe8SwJgiu-00833-00229188-00229487 um how does this relate to a particular
+iswe8SwJgiu-00834-00229488-00229660 what are the effects on particular
+iswe8SwJgiu-00835-00229661-00229865 Global regions with respect to the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00836-00229866-00230117 languages spoken in these regions
+iswe8SwJgiu-00837-00230117-00230356 um because as we I'm sure all of you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00838-00230357-00230542 know um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00839-00230544-00230819 uh um different languages are sport well
+iswe8SwJgiu-00840-00230819-00230998 while English might be a very widely
+iswe8SwJgiu-00841-00231000-00231310 spoken language it's uh only a small
+iswe8SwJgiu-00842-00231311-00231498 number of people's first language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00843-00231500-00231827 and it tends to be a language spoken in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00844-00231828-00232056 particular regions in in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00845-00232057-00232348 European countries in North America and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00846-00232350-00232613 so on uh but most people in the world
+iswe8SwJgiu-00847-00232614-00232751 who speak English learn it as a second
+iswe8SwJgiu-00848-00232752-00232937 language and the same is true for for
+iswe8SwJgiu-00849-00232938-00233087 many other languages so language have a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00850-00233088-00233273 kind of geography they're spoken in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00851-00233273-00233525 particular places so when we now look at
+iswe8SwJgiu-00852-00233526-00233729 languages that are spoken in South Asia
+iswe8SwJgiu-00853-00233730-00233951 which is India Pakistan and also around
+iswe8SwJgiu-00854-00233952-00234148 in countries
+iswe8SwJgiu-00855-00234150-00234431 um we see that most languages that are
+iswe8SwJgiu-00856-00234432-00234737 spoken there are not supported At All by
+iswe8SwJgiu-00857-00234738-00234887 most of the platforms we looked at and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00858-00234888-00235121 you can see this on this chart here
+iswe8SwJgiu-00859-00235121-00235325 um which where again you see on the on
+iswe8SwJgiu-00860-00235326-00235541 the left vertically you'll see the the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00861-00235542-00235732 platforms we looked at and at the bottom
+iswe8SwJgiu-00862-00235733-00236129 uh ordered by the number of speakers or
+iswe8SwJgiu-00863-00236130-00236344 South Asian languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00864-00236346-00236753 um Hindi Bengali Urdu and and so on um
+iswe8SwJgiu-00865-00236754-00237034 and we draw we draw a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00866-00237035-00237371 a green box in in a case when this
+iswe8SwJgiu-00867-00237371-00237532 particular platform has interface
+iswe8SwJgiu-00868-00237533-00237731 support for this particular language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00869-00237732-00237898 and we can see there's not a lot of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00870-00237900-00238146 green boxes on this platform and in fact
+iswe8SwJgiu-00871-00238148-00238384 certain languages are made maybe more
+iswe8SwJgiu-00872-00238385-00238594 well supported uh that I've highlighted
+iswe8SwJgiu-00873-00238596-00238967 here Bengali or Bangla uh but even even
+iswe8SwJgiu-00874-00238967-00239189 that like most most language most
+iswe8SwJgiu-00875-00239190-00239441 platforms don't don't really support
+iswe8SwJgiu-00876-00239442-00239782 um as a as an interface language so this
+iswe8SwJgiu-00877-00239783-00239915 is certainly a case where most people
+iswe8SwJgiu-00878-00239916-00240089 need to switch to English or to another
+iswe8SwJgiu-00879-00240090-00240310 language in order to access these
+iswe8SwJgiu-00880-00240311-00240617 platforms thank you next slide
+iswe8SwJgiu-00881-00240617-00241303 foreign
+iswe8SwJgiu-00882-00241304-00241625 so here uh the chart looks visually a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00883-00241626-00241865 bit more mixed we have this additional
+iswe8SwJgiu-00884-00241866-00242092 shade of the light green that's really a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00885-00242094-00242279 result of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00886-00242280-00242513 um of the the way in which we try to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00887-00242514-00242777 approach this um this kind of language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00888-00242778-00243077 matching because ethnologue is a data
+iswe8SwJgiu-00889-00243078-00243191 set that it's about spoken language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00890-00243192-00243353 whereas we are looking at interface
+iswe8SwJgiu-00891-00243354-00243580 languages which are written languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00892-00243581-00243839 and and in many cases they they are one
+iswe8SwJgiu-00893-00243840-00244037 and the same but in in just as many
+iswe8SwJgiu-00894-00244038-00244271 cases they're not so you kind of try and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00895-00244271-00244480 estimate okay does this kind of script
+iswe8SwJgiu-00896-00244481-00244787 relates to it can can a speaker of this
+iswe8SwJgiu-00897-00244788-00244942 particular language How likely is it
+iswe8SwJgiu-00898-00244944-00245213 that they will be able to read this this
+iswe8SwJgiu-00899-00245214-00245369 kind of script
+iswe8SwJgiu-00900-00245369-00245579 um there's a Unicode matching process
+iswe8SwJgiu-00901-00245580-00245765 basically that we're using to to try and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00902-00245766-00245969 establish this kind of thing and while
+iswe8SwJgiu-00903-00245969-00246173 this works relatively well in many cases
+iswe8SwJgiu-00904-00246173-00246455 in the case of African languages it the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00905-00246456-00246677 results end up kind of misleading and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00906-00246678-00246863 this is where this light green comes
+iswe8SwJgiu-00907-00246864-00247156 what this really tells us is that a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00908-00247157-00247427 speaker of Swahili of hausa of Yoruba or
+iswe8SwJgiu-00909-00247428-00247571 other African languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-00910-00247571-00247834 most likely will be able to speak one of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00911-00247835-00248008 the languages that is supported by these
+iswe8SwJgiu-00912-00248009-00248213 platforms but when we then look at what
+iswe8SwJgiu-00913-00248214-00248446 platform tends to be offered it tends to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00914-00248448-00248651 be a European Colonial language so here
+iswe8SwJgiu-00915-00248652-00248819 we have actually a double issue first of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00916-00248819-00249065 all again most of that chart is is
+iswe8SwJgiu-00917-00249066-00249239 really why meaning most African
+iswe8SwJgiu-00918-00249240-00249413 languages are really not supported by
+iswe8SwJgiu-00919-00249414-00249694 any of these platforms but also it's
+iswe8SwJgiu-00920-00249696-00249875 really hard for us to see that in the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00921-00249876-00250037 data because the process we use the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00922-00250038-00250282 Unicode process makes the Assumption oh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00923-00250283-00250439 they all speak English or they all speak
+iswe8SwJgiu-00924-00250440-00250684 French or they're their prospective uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00925-00250685-00250903 European Colonial language so it's fine
+iswe8SwJgiu-00926-00250904-00251242 which of course is not fun
+iswe8SwJgiu-00927-00251244-00251627 thank you next slide please
+iswe8SwJgiu-00928-00251628-00251963 and then finally we also looked at two
+iswe8SwJgiu-00929-00251964-00252113 Platforms in particular where we're also
+iswe8SwJgiu-00930-00252114-00252310 trying to do a Content analysis there's
+iswe8SwJgiu-00931-00252311-00252508 there's a lot of work we did on
+iswe8SwJgiu-00932-00252509-00252671 Wikipedia and there was an article about
+iswe8SwJgiu-00933-00252671-00252856 that you can access it for the purpose
+iswe8SwJgiu-00934-00252857-00253192 of this uh this talk we just thought we
+iswe8SwJgiu-00935-00253194-00253415 tried a few examples of Google Maps uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00936-00253416-00253751 which is a bit more of a of a novel uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-00937-00253752-00253996 kind of research um that people haven't
+iswe8SwJgiu-00938-00253998-00254248 necessarily asked
+iswe8SwJgiu-00939-00254250-00254441 many language questions about Google
+iswe8SwJgiu-00940-00254442-00254837 Maps before so basically we try to given
+iswe8SwJgiu-00941-00254838-00255094 that Google Maps is is widely used for
+iswe8SwJgiu-00942-00255096-00255251 people as a way to navigate their
+iswe8SwJgiu-00943-00255252-00255413 surroundings and to learn about the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00944-00255414-00255623 world around them we again ask this
+iswe8SwJgiu-00945-00255623-00255815 question can can you do that in your own
+iswe8SwJgiu-00946-00255816-00256025 language and we picked a number of
+iswe8SwJgiu-00947-00256026-00256306 cities around the world student millions
+iswe8SwJgiu-00948-00256307-00256619 of search queries on Google Maps from
+iswe8SwJgiu-00949-00256619-00256817 different locations around the city in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00950-00256817-00257063 an automated way music translated Search
+iswe8SwJgiu-00951-00257064-00257332 terms and then based on that try to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00952-00257333-00257494 estimate how much information can Google
+iswe8SwJgiu-00953-00257496-00257771 offer you in in different languages and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00954-00257771-00258023 as we see here three Maps one one is for
+iswe8SwJgiu-00955-00258023-00258371 Kolkata in India showing the search
+iswe8SwJgiu-00956-00258371-00258569 results the density of social results in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00957-00258569-00258796 Bengali in Hindi and in English you can
+iswe8SwJgiu-00958-00258798-00258958 see there's significantly more content
+iswe8SwJgiu-00959-00258959-00259229 in English of it than in Bengali and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00960-00259230-00259606 Hindi all three languages are spoken
+iswe8SwJgiu-00961-00259607-00259889 um and again English is in in this city
+iswe8SwJgiu-00962-00259890-00260063 is the is the European according the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00963-00260064-00260219 language it's not historically a local
+iswe8SwJgiu-00964-00260219-00260303 language
+iswe8SwJgiu-00965-00260304-00260489 and then at the at the bottom even more
+iswe8SwJgiu-00966-00260490-00260675 strikingly these are two places in
+iswe8SwJgiu-00967-00260676-00260915 Africa in Dar es Salaam and Tanzania and
+iswe8SwJgiu-00968-00260916-00261179 Nairobi and Kenya where we compare
+iswe8SwJgiu-00969-00261180-00261592 Google Maps content of in Swahili to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00970-00261594-00261773 content and English and again there's
+iswe8SwJgiu-00971-00261773-00262060 some content in English but really not a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00972-00262061-00262289 lot if anything at all
+iswe8SwJgiu-00973-00262290-00262687 thank you next slide please
+iswe8SwJgiu-00974-00262688-00262991 so that this we're just scratching the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00975-00262992-00263147 surface there there's there's if you if
+iswe8SwJgiu-00976-00263148-00263279 you're introduce these kind of data
+iswe8SwJgiu-00977-00263280-00263482 approaches there's there's again just
+iswe8SwJgiu-00978-00263483-00263656 like there's many more stories you can
+iswe8SwJgiu-00979-00263657-00263801 go into there's also many more data
+iswe8SwJgiu-00980-00263802-00264058 points you can look at in our report one
+iswe8SwJgiu-00981-00264059-00264269 of the key things that came out of it
+iswe8SwJgiu-00982-00264270-00264473 for me and one of the realizations I
+iswe8SwJgiu-00983-00264474-00264641 have and also one of the wish wishes I
+iswe8SwJgiu-00984-00264642-00264863 have is I think if we wanted to do
+iswe8SwJgiu-00985-00264864-00265103 better we really need to reset our
+iswe8SwJgiu-00986-00265104-00265367 expectations it's not enough for a
+iswe8SwJgiu-00987-00265368-00265571 platform provider to say you'll add one
+iswe8SwJgiu-00988-00265572-00265732 or two more languages really the
+iswe8SwJgiu-00989-00265733-00265913 question should be how can we add
+iswe8SwJgiu-00990-00265914-00266206 hundreds of additional languages to our
+iswe8SwJgiu-00991-00266207-00266495 uh to our platform support
+iswe8SwJgiu-00992-00266496-00266897 um and uh yeah we very much look forward
+iswe8SwJgiu-00993-00266898-00267293 to creating a uh to new approaches to to
+iswe8SwJgiu-00994-00267294-00267491 ask and asking this question
+iswe8SwJgiu-00995-00267492-00267623 thank you
+iswe8SwJgiu-00996-00267624-00268560 I think that's it for me
+iswe8SwJgiu-00997-00268561-00268745 too
+iswe8SwJgiu-00998-00268746-00269087 oops oh Tech
+iswe8SwJgiu-00999-00269088-00269339 um thanks very much Martin and just
+iswe8SwJgiu-01000-00269340-00269632 reminding everyone especially all of us
+iswe8SwJgiu-01001-00269633-00269975 all of you who are data Nets that uh the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01002-00269976-00270406 data is uh um freely available Martin's
+iswe8SwJgiu-01003-00270407-00270755 put the data up uh in gitlab repository
+iswe8SwJgiu-01004-00270756-00271097 that's linked from the website from his
+iswe8SwJgiu-01005-00271098-00271480 essays so please uh go look and explore
+iswe8SwJgiu-01006-00271481-00271613 more
+iswe8SwJgiu-01007-00271614-00271834 um I'm now going to turn to to my
+iswe8SwJgiu-01008-00271835-00272219 company and Amiga Claudia who is a Latin
+iswe8SwJgiu-01009-00272220-00272513 American feminist and techie who
+iswe8SwJgiu-01010-00272514-00272903 handcrafted the code for uh the website
+iswe8SwJgiu-01011-00272904-00273130 that is the state of the internet's
+iswe8SwJgiu-01012-00273131-00273287 languages report
+iswe8SwJgiu-01013-00273288-00273558 um I think she would have liked to have
+iswe8SwJgiu-01014-00273559-00273875 walked us through it but Claudia Amiga
+iswe8SwJgiu-01015-00273876-00274079 I'm wondering in the interest of time
+iswe8SwJgiu-01016-00274080-00274355 whether you'll talk us through it and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01017-00274356-00274643 people can on their own computers do a
+iswe8SwJgiu-01018-00274644-00274960 little searching and exploring while you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01019-00274961-00275297 talk us through some of the really
+iswe8SwJgiu-01020-00275298-00275395 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-01021-00275396-00275639 extraordinary lessons that we've learned
+iswe8SwJgiu-01022-00275640-00275927 from the design and architecture of a
+iswe8SwJgiu-01023-00275928-00276269 truly multilingual and multimodal
+iswe8SwJgiu-01024-00276270-00276515 um report
+iswe8SwJgiu-01025-00276516-00276713 over to you Claudia
+iswe8SwJgiu-01026-00276714-00277458 thank you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01027-00277459-00277697 and that will be in English hello
+iswe8SwJgiu-01028-00277698-00277951 everyone thank you for joining us today
+iswe8SwJgiu-01029-00277952-00278201 uh yes honestly I think that would work
+iswe8SwJgiu-01030-00278202-00278458 I have been pasting links on the chat
+iswe8SwJgiu-01031-00278459-00278699 anyways I hope people are already
+iswe8SwJgiu-01032-00278700-00278939 browsing the website
+iswe8SwJgiu-01033-00278940-00279358 um and yes so to start with as you were
+iswe8SwJgiu-01034-00279359-00279499 saying before
+iswe8SwJgiu-01035-00279500-00279743 the internet the state of Internet
+iswe8SwJgiu-01036-00279744-00280067 languages website was designed and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01037-00280068-00280349 created from scratch for this report
+iswe8SwJgiu-01038-00280350-00280577 um taking into account its specific
+iswe8SwJgiu-01039-00280578-00280889 needs regarding content architecture and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01040-00280890-00281117 applicability visual identity
+iswe8SwJgiu-01041-00281118-00281519 accessibility morality and so on
+iswe8SwJgiu-01042-00281520-00281597 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-01043-00281598-00281891 one of the key pieces key pieces of this
+iswe8SwJgiu-01044-00281892-00282227 work has been translations and how to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01045-00282228-00282563 build a multilingual website
+iswe8SwJgiu-01046-00282564-00282880 um the report website at this moment is
+iswe8SwJgiu-01047-00282881-00283205 available in Bahasa Indonesia Bangla
+iswe8SwJgiu-01048-00283206-00283493 zapotec English Spanish Swahili and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01049-00283494-00283708 Portuguese with Arabic French and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01050-00283709-00283969 Taiwanese Mandarin coming very soon
+iswe8SwJgiu-01051-00283970-00284410 to make this happen we work closely with
+iswe8SwJgiu-01052-00284411-00284627 different native speakers translators
+iswe8SwJgiu-01053-00284628-00285119 and viewers this was a long and very
+iswe8SwJgiu-01054-00285120-00285449 demanding process and so I think my
+iswe8SwJgiu-01055-00285450-00285667 first lesson to share is that
+iswe8SwJgiu-01056-00285668-00285982 human-centered translation by contrast
+iswe8SwJgiu-01057-00285983-00286265 to machine Center translation is a
+iswe8SwJgiu-01058-00286266-00286499 process that needs a lot of care and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01059-00286500-00286582 time
+iswe8SwJgiu-01060-00286583-00286979 but it is also fulfilling and what is
+iswe8SwJgiu-01061-00286980-00287225 more important it contributes to bring
+iswe8SwJgiu-01062-00287226-00287453 people together and create a community
+iswe8SwJgiu-01063-00287454-00287632 around the project
+iswe8SwJgiu-01064-00287633-00287879 which was a beautiful for this
+iswe8SwJgiu-01065-00287880-00288037 particular case
+iswe8SwJgiu-01066-00288038-00288323 and then still building a multilingual
+iswe8SwJgiu-01067-00288324-00288623 website but uh from a more technical
+iswe8SwJgiu-01068-00288624-00288965 perspective I wanted to share
+iswe8SwJgiu-01069-00288966-00289253 um as another lesson the importance of
+iswe8SwJgiu-01070-00289254-00289565 choosing a framework and a language that
+iswe8SwJgiu-01071-00289566-00290015 has native Unicode support in our case I
+iswe8SwJgiu-01072-00290016-00290308 built the website with Hugo which is an
+iswe8SwJgiu-01073-00290309-00290675 open source static website framework
+iswe8SwJgiu-01074-00290676-00290987 written in goal and as a more personal
+iswe8SwJgiu-01075-00290988-00291280 choice I used they win CSS for building
+iswe8SwJgiu-01076-00291281-00291604 the interface I made this static website
+iswe8SwJgiu-01077-00291605-00291832 to make it more secure
+iswe8SwJgiu-01078-00291833-00292163 um efficient and also light thinking
+iswe8SwJgiu-01079-00292164-00292373 about folks with limited internet
+iswe8SwJgiu-01080-00292374-00292763 bandwidth who will mostly be browsing
+iswe8SwJgiu-01081-00292764-00293110 aside from the global sound and even
+iswe8SwJgiu-01082-00293111-00293308 though it has illustrations and it has
+iswe8SwJgiu-01083-00293309-00293537 an animation in the landing page as you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01084-00293538-00293777 may already have seen its performance
+iswe8SwJgiu-01085-00293778-00294095 score is very high
+iswe8SwJgiu-01086-00294096-00294232 um then
+iswe8SwJgiu-01087-00294233-00294491 one last lesson that I will share has to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01088-00294492-00294791 do with accessibility uh we tried to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01089-00294792-00295229 make this report multiple in order to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01090-00295230-00295499 make it more accessible to everyone
+iswe8SwJgiu-01091-00295500-00295756 um but also as a way to reflect the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01092-00295757-00296069 richness of languages themselves since
+iswe8SwJgiu-01093-00296070-00296279 um science and oral languages are many
+iswe8SwJgiu-01094-00296280-00296423 times ignored when we talk about
+iswe8SwJgiu-01095-00296424-00296704 languages on the internet because too
+iswe8SwJgiu-01096-00296705-00296987 often we tend to think about the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01097-00296988-00297280 internet the internet as um written
+iswe8SwJgiu-01098-00297281-00297406 first
+iswe8SwJgiu-01099-00297407-00297653 uh so we made we have made available
+iswe8SwJgiu-01100-00297654-00297923 audio files in different languages of
+iswe8SwJgiu-01101-00297924-00298306 the summer report and many of stories
+iswe8SwJgiu-01102-00298307-00298547 um and we are in in process of getting
+iswe8SwJgiu-01103-00298548-00298745 international science translation of the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01104-00298746-00298882 summer report
+iswe8SwJgiu-01105-00298883-00299063 so I would say that pushing the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01106-00299064-00299308 boundaries and going extra mile for
+iswe8SwJgiu-01107-00299309-00299560 making any content online or accessible
+iswe8SwJgiu-01108-00299561-00299825 instead we were doing
+iswe8SwJgiu-01109-00299826-00300256 and um yeah just to finalize um as we
+iswe8SwJgiu-01110-00300257-00300623 constantly remind us ourselves and our
+iswe8SwJgiu-01111-00300624-00300875 communities this is definitely a work in
+iswe8SwJgiu-01112-00300876-00301145 progress we will continue bringing new
+iswe8SwJgiu-01113-00301146-00301373 translations and improving and updating
+iswe8SwJgiu-01114-00301374-00301506 the website
+iswe8SwJgiu-01115-00301507-00301871 so yeah please stay tuned and visit the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01116-00301872-00302369 site and stay in touch with us
+iswe8SwJgiu-01117-00302370-00302663 gracias Amiga thank you for that
+iswe8SwJgiu-01118-00302664-00302921 um yeah it's been extraordinary work and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01119-00302922-00303125 Claudia has been the backbone of this
+iswe8SwJgiu-01120-00303126-00303365 extraordinary work so really thank you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01121-00303366-00303629 for holding it as you have I'm going to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01122-00303630-00303893 turn to dumisani
+iswe8SwJgiu-01123-00303894-00304306 um now and do me is an engineer a
+iswe8SwJgiu-01124-00304307-00304615 wikipedian from South Africa who almost
+iswe8SwJgiu-01125-00304616-00304823 single-handedly brought the sitsonga
+iswe8SwJgiu-01126-00304824-00305141 Wikipedia to life and he's an old friend
+iswe8SwJgiu-01127-00305142-00305434 and co-conspirator and when he saw this
+iswe8SwJgiu-01128-00305435-00305656 report he had some very moving and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01129-00305657-00305945 important things to say so do me I'm
+iswe8SwJgiu-01130-00305946-00306160 going to turn to you and ask
+iswe8SwJgiu-01131-00306161-00306497 two things one is how would you like to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01132-00306498-00306658 see this report used
+iswe8SwJgiu-01133-00306659-00306904 and what's your one wish for a
+iswe8SwJgiu-01134-00306905-00307445 multilingual internet
+iswe8SwJgiu-01135-00307446-00307708 um I definitely would like to see this
+iswe8SwJgiu-01136-00307709-00307921 report being used especially by
+iswe8SwJgiu-01137-00307922-00308260 platforms that are uh mentioned on the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01138-00308261-00308554 report including Wikipedia to understand
+iswe8SwJgiu-01139-00308555-00308908 that Simply Having a language instance
+iswe8SwJgiu-01140-00308909-00309208 on your platform doesn't make it
+iswe8SwJgiu-01141-00309209-00309395 um doesn't mean that you are suddenly
+iswe8SwJgiu-01142-00309396-00309665 accessible and that that's it that's all
+iswe8SwJgiu-01143-00309666-00309869 you need to do there's more work that
+iswe8SwJgiu-01144-00309870-00310163 needs to be done in all these platforms
+iswe8SwJgiu-01145-00310164-00310469 to bring these languages online because
+iswe8SwJgiu-01146-00310470-00310684 you know what the internet is now the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01147-00310685-00310937 New Frontier for languages our languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-01148-00310938-00311410 need to exist and if they are
+iswe8SwJgiu-01149-00311411-00311975 oh dear do me have we lost you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01150-00311976-00312395 I think we may have
+iswe8SwJgiu-01151-00312396-00312739 lost to me
+iswe8SwJgiu-01152-00312740-00313121 well here is another issue and challenge
+iswe8SwJgiu-01153-00313122-00313469 for all of us who come from
+iswe8SwJgiu-01154-00313470-00313547 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-01155-00313548-00313763 countries and regions in which internet
+iswe8SwJgiu-01156-00313764-00314021 infrastructure is not as easy there you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01157-00314022-00314243 are doing you're back we're sorry we
+iswe8SwJgiu-01158-00314244-00314399 totally lost you for a minute I'm
+iswe8SwJgiu-01159-00314400-00315130 handing over back to you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01160-00315131-00315413 oh you're you're still off
+iswe8SwJgiu-01161-00315414-00315706 uh do me I'm going to ask you when you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01162-00315707-00315904 come back perhaps to add it into the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01163-00315905-00316097 chat I'm sorry we're missing doomies
+iswe8SwJgiu-01164-00316098-00316475 very important voice and expertise but
+iswe8SwJgiu-01165-00316476-00316708 uh hopefully he will be able to come
+iswe8SwJgiu-01166-00316709-00316913 back and join in the the questions
+iswe8SwJgiu-01167-00316914-00317269 period we have very little time left but
+iswe8SwJgiu-01168-00317270-00317610 I would like to take maybe one question
+iswe8SwJgiu-01169-00317611-00318034 uh for any one of our panelists and then
+iswe8SwJgiu-01170-00318035-00318310 um do a closing together are there any
+iswe8SwJgiu-01171-00318311-00318473 questions
+iswe8SwJgiu-01172-00318474-00318556 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-01173-00318557-00318889 for anyone
+iswe8SwJgiu-01174-00318890-00319289 would you raise your hand using
+iswe8SwJgiu-01175-00319290-00319619 the let me see I I need to go on gallery
+iswe8SwJgiu-01176-00319620-00319823 view so I can see you all
+iswe8SwJgiu-01177-00319824-00320080 um would you raise your hand using the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01178-00320081-00320273 zoom hand that we have all learned to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01179-00320274-00320477 use over the last two and a half years
+iswe8SwJgiu-01180-00320478-00321077 more than we ever thought we would
+iswe8SwJgiu-01181-00321078-00321293 uh Thomas
+iswe8SwJgiu-01182-00321294-00321593 go ahead
+iswe8SwJgiu-01183-00321594-00322013 hi all thank you for the great session I
+iswe8SwJgiu-01184-00322014-00322313 really enjoyed the work also from last
+iswe8SwJgiu-01185-00322314-00322469 year the report this is such a great
+iswe8SwJgiu-01186-00322470-00322763 follow-up just how can are we all get
+iswe8SwJgiu-01187-00322764-00323093 involved or follow your work
+iswe8SwJgiu-01188-00323094-00323308 um going forward I guess
+iswe8SwJgiu-01189-00323309-00323477 um in many different places around the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01190-00323478-00323860 world it's just great to follow but yeah
+iswe8SwJgiu-01191-00323861-00324197 what can we do to follow and you know uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-01192-00324198-00324425 so just
+iswe8SwJgiu-01193-00324426-00324658 thanks for that Thomas I'm going to come
+iswe8SwJgiu-01194-00324659-00325013 back to that because we have uh uh ideas
+iswe8SwJgiu-01195-00325014-00325258 for that uh of course I'm just going to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01196-00325259-00325510 take uh the question from Steve I think
+iswe8SwJgiu-01197-00325511-00325769 Steve you had your hand up
+iswe8SwJgiu-01198-00325770-00326177 um Steve or are you yeah yeah sorry
+iswe8SwJgiu-01199-00326178-00326254 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-01200-00326255-00326603 I I had a just a basic question about um
+iswe8SwJgiu-01201-00326604-00326717 how much
+iswe8SwJgiu-01202-00326718-00327034 um how much the fact that um
+iswe8SwJgiu-01203-00327035-00327221 I mean all programming languages but
+iswe8SwJgiu-01204-00327222-00327487 especially like HTML and CSS are
+iswe8SwJgiu-01205-00327488-00327773 obviously english-based languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-01206-00327774-00327977 um how much does that affect this
+iswe8SwJgiu-01207-00327978-00328121 um as far as you know being able to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01208-00328122-00328427 create your own things online
+iswe8SwJgiu-01209-00328428-00328630 um without relying on some sort of
+iswe8SwJgiu-01210-00328631-00328882 framework
+iswe8SwJgiu-01211-00328883-00329147 especially sorry especially considering
+iswe8SwJgiu-01212-00329148-00329393 um the concept of semantics in in HTML
+iswe8SwJgiu-01213-00329394-00329771 which um you know relies on a very uh a
+iswe8SwJgiu-01214-00329772-00329932 very clear understanding of what these
+iswe8SwJgiu-01215-00329933-00330143 words mean which are in the elements
+iswe8SwJgiu-01216-00330144-00330430 HTML elements it's an excellent question
+iswe8SwJgiu-01217-00330431-00330701 and I know at least a few of us on this
+iswe8SwJgiu-01218-00330702-00330923 panel have thoughts about it
+iswe8SwJgiu-01219-00330924-00330982 um
+iswe8SwJgiu-01220-00330983-00331169 pasca you're nodding would you like to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01221-00331170-00331343 take that
+iswe8SwJgiu-01222-00331344-00331691 sure go ahead so yeah um previously I
+iswe8SwJgiu-01223-00331692-00331973 interviewed some people who tried to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01224-00331974-00332219 bring up knowledge and information and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01225-00332220-00332410 to create like some platforms and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01226-00332411-00332765 websites that contains articles related
+iswe8SwJgiu-01227-00332766-00333047 to the queer community in Indonesia and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01228-00333048-00333263 one of the challenges that they taught
+iswe8SwJgiu-01229-00333264-00333478 me is that it's very difficult to just
+iswe8SwJgiu-01230-00333479-00333706 build a website some from scribes so
+iswe8SwJgiu-01231-00333707-00334025 oftentimes they have to use this um
+iswe8SwJgiu-01232-00334026-00334373 ready to build um platforms to create
+iswe8SwJgiu-01233-00334374-00334582 the website and even when it comes to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01234-00334583-00334763 this website they also have difficulties
+iswe8SwJgiu-01235-00334764-00335069 to understand like the tutorials the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01236-00335070-00335458 procedures to modify to customize the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01237-00335459-00335747 website because it's in English it's not
+iswe8SwJgiu-01238-00335748-00335980 in Indonesian so they have these
+iswe8SwJgiu-01239-00335981-00336221 challenges and because of this um it's
+iswe8SwJgiu-01240-00336222-00336425 very difficult to find like
+iswe8SwJgiu-01241-00336426-00336653 um content in the form of a website or
+iswe8SwJgiu-01242-00336654-00336923 web pages so most of the content when it
+iswe8SwJgiu-01243-00336924-00337145 comes to queer Indonesians access on
+iswe8SwJgiu-01244-00337146-00337589 social media instead so that that is one
+iswe8SwJgiu-01245-00337590-00337780 of the challenges and I think it will be
+iswe8SwJgiu-01246-00337781-00338147 great if we can somehow adopt or create
+iswe8SwJgiu-01247-00338148-00338369 a profile like translation when it comes
+iswe8SwJgiu-01248-00338370-00338621 to the technical sites of building or
+iswe8SwJgiu-01249-00338622-00338837 modifying a website so that people from
+iswe8SwJgiu-01250-00338838-00339071 different uh who use different languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-01251-00339072-00339221 can
+iswe8SwJgiu-01252-00339222-00339532 um create websites and can do more when
+iswe8SwJgiu-01253-00339533-00339791 it comes to providing contents through
+iswe8SwJgiu-01254-00339792-00340067 web pages
+iswe8SwJgiu-01255-00340068-00340306 I I'm thank you for that Pastor and I'm
+iswe8SwJgiu-01256-00340307-00340547 just going to quickly add Steve I think
+iswe8SwJgiu-01257-00340548-00340793 there are significant epistemic issues
+iswe8SwJgiu-01258-00340794-00340997 around the fact that most of our
+iswe8SwJgiu-01259-00340998-00341195 programming languages are English based
+iswe8SwJgiu-01260-00341196-00341465 as pasca pointed out and as you are
+iswe8SwJgiu-01261-00341466-00341693 thinking about and in fact I think one
+iswe8SwJgiu-01262-00341694-00341921 of the the exceptions that are that
+iswe8SwJgiu-01263-00341922-00342173 proves this is the Arabic language
+iswe8SwJgiu-01264-00342174-00342521 created by Ramsey Nasir uh which
+iswe8SwJgiu-01265-00342522-00342827 literally shows you how when you are
+iswe8SwJgiu-01266-00342828-00343073 programming in a different language the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01267-00343074-00343253 epistemics and the design and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01268-00343254-00343553 architecture shift because of the way
+iswe8SwJgiu-01269-00343554-00343878 the language itself conceptually shifts
+iswe8SwJgiu-01270-00343879-00344213 our coding and so I think it's a really
+iswe8SwJgiu-01271-00344214-00344597 important part of our work as techies to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01272-00344598-00344873 think about this uh more deeply
+iswe8SwJgiu-01273-00344874-00345119 yeah thanks thanks for your answer that
+iswe8SwJgiu-01274-00345120-00345239 was good
+iswe8SwJgiu-01275-00345240-00345401 um just I just just want to quickly add
+iswe8SwJgiu-01276-00345402-00345575 to that yeah what you just said
+iswe8SwJgiu-01277-00345576-00345863 um was really evident to me I I worked I
+iswe8SwJgiu-01278-00345864-00346073 was lucky enough to work in in Japan for
+iswe8SwJgiu-01279-00346074-00346265 a little while and I worked alongside
+iswe8SwJgiu-01280-00346266-00346480 Japanese front-end engineers and I just
+iswe8SwJgiu-01281-00346481-00346589 it was just strange for me to witness
+iswe8SwJgiu-01282-00346590-00346684 them
+iswe8SwJgiu-01283-00346685-00346901 um writing code in you know English
+iswe8SwJgiu-01284-00346902-00347134 words and they would tell me they had no
+iswe8SwJgiu-01285-00347135-00347278 idea what these words meant they just it
+iswe8SwJgiu-01286-00347279-00347608 was just symbolic to them right so so um
+iswe8SwJgiu-01287-00347609-00347758 they were really missing a lot of the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01288-00347759-00347903 context
+iswe8SwJgiu-01289-00347904-00348023 um and it's just something that stuck
+iswe8SwJgiu-01290-00348024-00348119 with me
+iswe8SwJgiu-01291-00348120-00348293 so yeah I think thanks guys appreciate
+iswe8SwJgiu-01292-00348294-00348527 your answers
+iswe8SwJgiu-01293-00348528-00348880 thank you and I'm I'm just I'm uh
+iswe8SwJgiu-01294-00348881-00349193 conscious of time knowing that this is a
+iswe8SwJgiu-01295-00349194-00349391 conversation that continues to need to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01296-00349392-00349601 happen and we want to be in conversation
+iswe8SwJgiu-01297-00349602-00349745 with you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01298-00349746-00350117 um so two uh Thomas's question please
+iswe8SwJgiu-01299-00350118-00350334 find us at whose knowledge who's
+iswe8SwJgiu-01300-00350335-00350645 knowledge.org or the state of the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01301-00350646-00350795 internet's languages report which is
+iswe8SwJgiu-01302-00350796-00351047 internetslanguages.org
+iswe8SwJgiu-01303-00351048-00351299 um languages at whose knowledge.org will
+iswe8SwJgiu-01304-00351300-00351580 reach us uh all of our various social
+iswe8SwJgiu-01305-00351581-00351815 media handles will reach us at any time
+iswe8SwJgiu-01306-00351816-00352001 and
+iswe8SwJgiu-01307-00352002-00352175 um we would just love to be in
+iswe8SwJgiu-01308-00352176-00352475 conversation the report itself has a
+iswe8SwJgiu-01309-00352476-00352654 call to action a little bit of a
+iswe8SwJgiu-01310-00352655-00353027 Manifesto at the end and it is segmented
+iswe8SwJgiu-01311-00353028-00353284 into all of our different profiles some
+iswe8SwJgiu-01312-00353285-00353543 of us are multiple uh we wear multiple
+iswe8SwJgiu-01313-00353544-00353884 hats but we would love to see you uh in
+iswe8SwJgiu-01314-00353885-00354071 conversation with us let's take this
+iswe8SwJgiu-01315-00354072-00354389 forward and therefore in order to to to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01316-00354390-00354617 close this in a way way that I think has
+iswe8SwJgiu-01317-00354618-00354958 meaning if anyone would like to share
+iswe8SwJgiu-01318-00354959-00355169 their one wish for a multilingual
+iswe8SwJgiu-01319-00355170-00355469 internet in their language I invite you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01320-00355470-00355853 to do so now and if you can't speak it
+iswe8SwJgiu-01321-00355854-00356123 can you put it into the chat but I will
+iswe8SwJgiu-01322-00356124-00356393 take at least one or two in your
+iswe8SwJgiu-01323-00356394-00356508 language
+iswe8SwJgiu-01324-00356509-00356728 translated into English if you can
+iswe8SwJgiu-01325-00356729-00356969 because I think it is important that we
+iswe8SwJgiu-01326-00356970-00357269 embody that our wish list is also in our
+iswe8SwJgiu-01327-00357270-00357413 languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-01328-00357414-00357695 uh is there anyone who would like to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01329-00357696-00357869 express their one wish for a
+iswe8SwJgiu-01330-00357870-00358271 multilingual internet
+iswe8SwJgiu-01331-00358272-00358919 in their languages
+iswe8SwJgiu-01332-00358920-00359230 well if we don't have anyone at this
+iswe8SwJgiu-01333-00359231-00359467 moment this may be the moment I invite
+iswe8SwJgiu-01334-00359468-00359819 dumisani again if do me you can at least
+iswe8SwJgiu-01335-00359820-00359956 by voice
+iswe8SwJgiu-01336-00359957-00360154 share with us in one of your nine
+iswe8SwJgiu-01337-00360155-00360454 languages do me speaks nine languages in
+iswe8SwJgiu-01338-00360455-00360677 one of your nine languages would you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01339-00360678-00360875 tell us your wish list
+iswe8SwJgiu-01340-00360876-00361145 your wish sorry your list is long your
+iswe8SwJgiu-01341-00361146-00362165 one wish
+iswe8SwJgiu-01342-00362166-00362489 you're new to do me
+iswe8SwJgiu-01343-00362490-00363251 uh can you hear me now yes
+iswe8SwJgiu-01344-00363252-00363484 oh no we could hear you and now we can't
+iswe8SwJgiu-01345-00363485-00363682 hear you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01346-00363683-00364030 ah well that feels like the state of the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01347-00364031-00364223 internet's languages for all of us who
+iswe8SwJgiu-01348-00364224-00364475 are not English speakers we can hear you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01349-00364476-00364678 and now we can't hear you I'm so sorry
+iswe8SwJgiu-01350-00364679-00364877 to me I'm sorry we're not bringing you
+iswe8SwJgiu-01351-00364878-00365165 in by voice but
+iswe8SwJgiu-01352-00365166-00365530 um to everyone else just
+iswe8SwJgiu-01353-00365531-00365734 um thank you please keep the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01354-00365735-00366017 conversation going with us Thomas thank
+iswe8SwJgiu-01355-00366018-00366395 you for your one wish uh that uh other
+iswe8SwJgiu-01356-00366396-00366628 internet organizations copied the kind
+iswe8SwJgiu-01357-00366629-00366832 of approach that was the last taken with
+iswe8SwJgiu-01358-00366833-00367127 its localization uh communities to build
+iswe8SwJgiu-01359-00367128-00367360 communities around languages and this is
+iswe8SwJgiu-01360-00367361-00367534 one of the reasons why we're talking to
+iswe8SwJgiu-01361-00367535-00367841 you at Mozilla because
+iswe8SwJgiu-01362-00367842-00368032 um this is a community that understands
+iswe8SwJgiu-01363-00368033-00368297 some of these deep issues and we hope
+iswe8SwJgiu-01364-00368298-00368608 that perhaps the next uh mosque Fest
+iswe8SwJgiu-01365-00368609-00368723 will actually have simultaneous
+iswe8SwJgiu-01366-00368724-00368987 interpretation so that we can all speak
+iswe8SwJgiu-01367-00368988-00369184 in our languages of choice to each other
+iswe8SwJgiu-01368-00369185-00369491 because we are different humans in our
+iswe8SwJgiu-01369-00369492-00369634 languages of choice
+iswe8SwJgiu-01370-00369635-00370164 so thank you all Tere makassi
+iswe8SwJgiu-01371-00370165-00370584 [Music]
+iswe8SwJgiu-01372-00370585-00370858 gracias thank you all for joining us
+iswe8SwJgiu-01373-00370859-00371110 today and please let's continue the
+iswe8SwJgiu-01374-00371111-00371380 conversation to build the multilingual
+iswe8SwJgiu-01375-00371381-00371669 multimodal internets of our
+iswe8SwJgiu-01376-00371670-00371951 of our hopes and dreams and joys thank
+iswe8SwJgiu-01377-00371952-00372194 you everyone
+isBlD2r_S-A-00000-00000032-00000175 there are people in the world that have
+isBlD2r_S-A-00001-00000176-00000478 been able to somehow draw on a power
+isBlD2r_S-A-00002-00000479-00000726 stronger than themselves a power that
+isBlD2r_S-A-00003-00000727-00000999 seems near infinite like an endless well
+isBlD2r_S-A-00004-00001000-00001143 of energy
+isBlD2r_S-A-00005-00001144-00001295 these kind of people have learned to
+isBlD2r_S-A-00006-00001296-00001574 master the power of the flow state the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00007-00001575-00001782 flow state is the most powerful force in
+isBlD2r_S-A-00008-00001784-00001982 the universe giving you the capacity for
+isBlD2r_S-A-00009-00001984-00002326 near infinite energy passion motivation
+isBlD2r_S-A-00010-00002327-00002647 and confidence it gives charisma it
+isBlD2r_S-A-00011-00002648-00002839 gives the power to achieve everything
+isBlD2r_S-A-00012-00002840-00003031 you want to achieve and it gives you the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00013-00003032-00003263 power to truly conquer the world now in
+isBlD2r_S-A-00014-00003264-00003422 today's video i'm going to show you the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00015-00003423-00003615 four things you need to do to enter into
+isBlD2r_S-A-00016-00003615-00003822 a state of flow but before we get into
+isBlD2r_S-A-00017-00003823-00003975 that i want to look at some of the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00018-00003976-00004167 people that were able to harness the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00019-00004168-00004343 power of the flow state and how they use
+isBlD2r_S-A-00020-00004344-00004567 it on a day-to-day basis what is so
+isBlD2r_S-A-00021-00004568-00004783 fascinating about people like alfred
+isBlD2r_S-A-00022-00004784-00005063 einstein is their capacity to pull on
+isBlD2r_S-A-00023-00005064-00005318 the flow state in order to transcend the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00024-00005319-00005559 boundaries of self and to achieve more
+isBlD2r_S-A-00025-00005560-00005831 than what is humanly possible but how do
+isBlD2r_S-A-00026-00005832-00005951 they do it
+isBlD2r_S-A-00027-00005952-00006191 people like elon musk da vinci and
+isBlD2r_S-A-00028-00006192-00006518 albert einstein were all known for their
+isBlD2r_S-A-00029-00006519-00006855 kind of eccentric individualism and so
+isBlD2r_S-A-00030-00006856-00007023 you should know that the flow state
+isBlD2r_S-A-00031-00007023-00007270 comes at a price the price of being
+isBlD2r_S-A-00032-00007272-00007551 yourself and because of this people like
+isBlD2r_S-A-00033-00007552-00007839 elon musk albert einstein and davinci
+isBlD2r_S-A-00034-00007840-00008151 were unfathomably creative intelligent
+isBlD2r_S-A-00035-00008152-00008471 and gifted in not just conceiving ideas
+isBlD2r_S-A-00036-00008472-00008774 but also bringing ideas but to reality
+isBlD2r_S-A-00037-00008775-00009039 beyond that all of these people were
+isBlD2r_S-A-00038-00009040-00009271 fierce individualists that walked their
+isBlD2r_S-A-00039-00009272-00009439 own path in life and made their own
+isBlD2r_S-A-00040-00009440-00009703 decisions sometimes going against and
+isBlD2r_S-A-00041-00009704-00009903 challenging their own government or
+isBlD2r_S-A-00042-00009904-00010159 political beliefs in their society
+isBlD2r_S-A-00043-00010160-00010342 because of this people who harness the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00044-00010343-00010638 flow state are seen as a bit crazy these
+isBlD2r_S-A-00045-00010639-00010863 are the gurus that speak to us in
+isBlD2r_S-A-00046-00010864-00011159 riddles these are the people that have
+isBlD2r_S-A-00047-00011160-00011431 been able to do the impossible these are
+isBlD2r_S-A-00048-00011432-00011606 people that are capable of doing
+isBlD2r_S-A-00049-00011607-00011887 something that makes us perceive them as
+isBlD2r_S-A-00050-00011888-00012206 slightly supernatural slightly magical
+isBlD2r_S-A-00051-00012207-00012406 these kind of people seem to have the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00052-00012407-00012767 capacity to work longer hours and to put
+isBlD2r_S-A-00053-00012768-00012943 in more passion and more effort into
+isBlD2r_S-A-00054-00012944-00013199 life than any of us seem capable of so
+isBlD2r_S-A-00055-00013200-00013343 what are the four things that these
+isBlD2r_S-A-00056-00013344-00013599 people do in order to maintain the power
+isBlD2r_S-A-00057-00013600-00013743 of flow
+isBlD2r_S-A-00058-00013744-00013943 the first thing these people do and
+isBlD2r_S-A-00059-00013944-00014071 something they've been doing
+isBlD2r_S-A-00060-00014072-00014294 consistently all along is they've been
+isBlD2r_S-A-00061-00014295-00014479 true to themselves
+isBlD2r_S-A-00062-00014480-00014647 while most of us walk through life
+isBlD2r_S-A-00063-00014647-00014879 riddled with self-doubt and insecurities
+isBlD2r_S-A-00064-00014880-00015063 sometimes second-guessing ourselves
+isBlD2r_S-A-00065-00015063-00015255 questioning who we are why we do what we
+isBlD2r_S-A-00066-00015256-00015511 do and wanting wishing that we were
+isBlD2r_S-A-00067-00015512-00015711 somebody else these are the kind of
+isBlD2r_S-A-00068-00015712-00015879 people that have always been kind of
+isBlD2r_S-A-00069-00015880-00016158 unforgivingly themselves and this has
+isBlD2r_S-A-00070-00016159-00016383 been also something that has given them
+isBlD2r_S-A-00071-00016384-00016558 quite a great deal of criticism and when
+isBlD2r_S-A-00072-00016559-00016758 we look at these kind of people people
+isBlD2r_S-A-00073-00016759-00016991 like gandhi people like
+isBlD2r_S-A-00074-00016992-00017239 martin luther king and others what we
+isBlD2r_S-A-00075-00017240-00017343 see is
+isBlD2r_S-A-00076-00017344-00017422 they
+isBlD2r_S-A-00077-00017423-00017686 have a lot of problems they're not
+isBlD2r_S-A-00078-00017687-00017911 perfect and that's what it likes to be
+isBlD2r_S-A-00079-00017912-00018191 human human beings are not perfect
+isBlD2r_S-A-00080-00018192-00018430 people that try to be perfect often end
+isBlD2r_S-A-00081-00018431-00018583 up being nothing at all
+isBlD2r_S-A-00082-00018584-00018807 insignificant and insubordinate to the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00083-00018808-00018975 world around them
+isBlD2r_S-A-00084-00018976-00019271 so advice number one is to find the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00085-00019272-00019583 strength to be yourself fully
+isBlD2r_S-A-00086-00019584-00019791 and completely
+isBlD2r_S-A-00087-00019792-00020014 let yourself be weird around other
+isBlD2r_S-A-00088-00020015-00020255 people and allow yourself to be weird
+isBlD2r_S-A-00089-00020256-00020471 not just by yourself but also by other
+isBlD2r_S-A-00090-00020472-00020750 people online on social media or
+isBlD2r_S-A-00091-00020751-00020878 wherever you go
+isBlD2r_S-A-00092-00020879-00021119 so wherever you go take yourself with
+isBlD2r_S-A-00093-00021120-00021335 you and never forget who you are take
+isBlD2r_S-A-00094-00021336-00021535 the time to study your personality and
+isBlD2r_S-A-00095-00021536-00021711 learn about your unique quirks and
+isBlD2r_S-A-00096-00021712-00021943 personality traits and learn about how
+isBlD2r_S-A-00097-00021944-00022158 you can be and wield your personality
+isBlD2r_S-A-00098-00022159-00022422 traits with pride to the outer world
+isBlD2r_S-A-00099-00022423-00022591 if you take this advice you're gonna
+isBlD2r_S-A-00100-00022592-00022750 find that you have a greater sense of
+isBlD2r_S-A-00101-00022751-00022958 flow than even my
+isBlD2r_S-A-00102-00022959-00023158 extent of sunburn
+isBlD2r_S-A-00103-00023159-00023463 advice number two is to think about
+isBlD2r_S-A-00104-00023464-00023742 what your true passion in life is
+isBlD2r_S-A-00105-00023743-00023950 probably you'll spend a lot of energy
+isBlD2r_S-A-00106-00023951-00024119 and a lot of will into things that don't
+isBlD2r_S-A-00107-00024120-00024303 really matter you'll find yourself
+isBlD2r_S-A-00108-00024304-00024471 complaining about things that you have
+isBlD2r_S-A-00109-00024472-00024663 no control over you'll find yourself
+isBlD2r_S-A-00110-00024664-00024871 being annoyed by tiny things in your
+isBlD2r_S-A-00111-00024872-00025086 life that are not perfect you'll find
+isBlD2r_S-A-00112-00025087-00025311 yourself frustrated doing things that
+isBlD2r_S-A-00113-00025312-00025519 you don't really want to do
+isBlD2r_S-A-00114-00025520-00025718 people that are in flow commit
+isBlD2r_S-A-00115-00025719-00025999 themselves 100 to what they want to do
+isBlD2r_S-A-00116-00026000-00026295 and that means they find the capacity to
+isBlD2r_S-A-00117-00026295-00026527 and they choose to do what they love in
+isBlD2r_S-A-00118-00026527-00026743 everything they do and this can be done
+isBlD2r_S-A-00119-00026744-00026990 not just by quitting your job but also
+isBlD2r_S-A-00120-00026991-00027270 by going to a job being unforgivingly
+isBlD2r_S-A-00121-00027272-00027558 yourself yes what you want to do is you
+isBlD2r_S-A-00122-00027560-00027767 want to think about how you can create
+isBlD2r_S-A-00123-00027768-00027983 and do what you love at wherever you go
+isBlD2r_S-A-00124-00027983-00028190 and so no matter what kind of work you
+isBlD2r_S-A-00125-00028191-00028390 do or no matter where you go if you can
+isBlD2r_S-A-00126-00028391-00028574 find a way to be yourself you're going
+isBlD2r_S-A-00127-00028575-00028799 to find what that what you do is more
+isBlD2r_S-A-00128-00028800-00028951 fun and that means
+isBlD2r_S-A-00129-00028952-00029143 if you're able to express yourself talk
+isBlD2r_S-A-00130-00029144-00029367 openly with your co-workers and have fun
+isBlD2r_S-A-00131-00029368-00029567 and let go and be loose
+isBlD2r_S-A-00132-00029568-00029743 with yourself in the outer world
+isBlD2r_S-A-00133-00029744-00029974 everything gets easier
+isBlD2r_S-A-00134-00029975-00030143 and everything you do
+isBlD2r_S-A-00135-00030144-00030295 gets you on the path to where you need
+isBlD2r_S-A-00136-00030295-00030383 to go
+isBlD2r_S-A-00137-00030383-00030574 if you enjoy this advice don't forget to
+isBlD2r_S-A-00138-00030575-00030807 subscribe for more videos like this and
+isBlD2r_S-A-00139-00030808-00031055 to stay in a healthy state of flow
+isBlD2r_S-A-00140-00031056-00031295 advice number three if you want to enter
+isBlD2r_S-A-00141-00031295-00031518 into a state of flow you gotta look at
+isBlD2r_S-A-00142-00031519-00031823 your needs your primary needs in life if
+isBlD2r_S-A-00143-00031824-00031983 you know your personality you'll know
+isBlD2r_S-A-00144-00031983-00032223 what those needs are an introvert for
+isBlD2r_S-A-00145-00032224-00032431 example will need a lot of alone time in
+isBlD2r_S-A-00146-00032432-00032607 order to truly harness what is special
+isBlD2r_S-A-00147-00032608-00032718 about them
+isBlD2r_S-A-00148-00032719-00032902 being alone gives you and helps you
+isBlD2r_S-A-00149-00032903-00033118 regain your batteries recharging and
+isBlD2r_S-A-00150-00033119-00033295 giving you the power to go out into the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00151-00033296-00033518 world with more confidence and if you're
+isBlD2r_S-A-00152-00033519-00033727 an extrovert you'll know that you get
+isBlD2r_S-A-00153-00033728-00033943 into a flow stick by talking to other
+isBlD2r_S-A-00154-00033944-00034183 people that means engage the world and
+isBlD2r_S-A-00155-00034184-00034423 be and live in the outer world and talk
+isBlD2r_S-A-00156-00034424-00034615 to and engage and do things in a way
+isBlD2r_S-A-00157-00034616-00034807 that works for you don't slow yourself
+isBlD2r_S-A-00158-00034808-00035079 down just to fit twin with other people
+isBlD2r_S-A-00159-00035080-00035311 but allow yourself to be yourself
+isBlD2r_S-A-00160-00035312-00035479 similarly if you're an intuitive you
+isBlD2r_S-A-00161-00035480-00035671 want to spend as much time as possible
+isBlD2r_S-A-00162-00035672-00035895 on intellectual pursuits enjoying and
+isBlD2r_S-A-00163-00035896-00036118 exploring creative ideas and allowing
+isBlD2r_S-A-00164-00036119-00036311 and challenging yourself to always think
+isBlD2r_S-A-00165-00036312-00036583 of things from a higher perspective
+isBlD2r_S-A-00166-00036584-00036767 similarly if you're a sensing type
+isBlD2r_S-A-00167-00036768-00036951 you'll find that you'd like to and you
+isBlD2r_S-A-00168-00036952-00037111 should engage with the world physically
+isBlD2r_S-A-00169-00037112-00037311 thinking of practical approaches to life
+isBlD2r_S-A-00170-00037312-00037487 thinking of ways to stay present
+isBlD2r_S-A-00171-00037488-00037743 thinking of ways to stay balanced and
+isBlD2r_S-A-00172-00037744-00037967 comfortable with the way things are
+isBlD2r_S-A-00173-00037968-00038062 so
+isBlD2r_S-A-00174-00038063-00038262 everyone has their unique pathway to
+isBlD2r_S-A-00175-00038263-00038630 flow and you start finding flow by
+isBlD2r_S-A-00176-00038631-00038799 pursuing and allowing yourself to be
+isBlD2r_S-A-00177-00038800-00038983 yourself and giving yourself what you
+isBlD2r_S-A-00178-00038984-00039207 need in order to stay motivated and
+isBlD2r_S-A-00179-00039208-00039318 energized
+isBlD2r_S-A-00180-00039319-00039487 people that live and
+isBlD2r_S-A-00181-00039488-00039671 closely align with their personality
+isBlD2r_S-A-00182-00039672-00039918 type have more energy more motivation
+isBlD2r_S-A-00183-00039919-00040087 and higher confidence
+isBlD2r_S-A-00184-00040088-00040279 people that force themselves to be
+isBlD2r_S-A-00185-00040280-00040495 something opposite of what they are have
+isBlD2r_S-A-00186-00040496-00040702 less energy more anxiety and more
+isBlD2r_S-A-00187-00040703-00040974 uncertainty and lack of motivation
+isBlD2r_S-A-00188-00040975-00041158 advice number four
+isBlD2r_S-A-00189-00041159-00041399 always challenge yourself to go to the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00190-00041400-00041639 next level and challenge yourself
+isBlD2r_S-A-00191-00041640-00041799 appropriately
+isBlD2r_S-A-00192-00041800-00041974 all these people are constantly
+isBlD2r_S-A-00193-00041975-00042167 challenging themselves to do things
+isBlD2r_S-A-00194-00042168-00042374 better to do things differently to think
+isBlD2r_S-A-00195-00042375-00042574 more out of the box they know there's a
+isBlD2r_S-A-00196-00042575-00042790 higher level out there that is just
+isBlD2r_S-A-00197-00042791-00042983 about their reach
+isBlD2r_S-A-00198-00042984-00043199 and the more strong and the more capable
+isBlD2r_S-A-00199-00043200-00043407 and the more confident they become the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00200-00043408-00043543 higher the challenge that they can
+isBlD2r_S-A-00201-00043544-00043751 assume and the greater the sense of
+isBlD2r_S-A-00202-00043752-00043951 motivation and passion towards what they
+isBlD2r_S-A-00203-00043952-00044039 do
+isBlD2r_S-A-00204-00044040-00044246 our degree of flow is directly
+isBlD2r_S-A-00205-00044247-00044430 proportional to our degree and challenge
+isBlD2r_S-A-00206-00044431-00044687 in life if you're not challenged by life
+isBlD2r_S-A-00207-00044688-00044895 by your work or what you do you're going
+isBlD2r_S-A-00208-00044896-00045207 to stagnate and stagnation is the core
+isBlD2r_S-A-00209-00045208-00045423 problem with society today
+isBlD2r_S-A-00210-00045424-00045655 too many of us spend too little time
+isBlD2r_S-A-00211-00045656-00045846 really pushing ourselves to our limits
+isBlD2r_S-A-00212-00045847-00046055 and it's when we hit our limits and we
+isBlD2r_S-A-00213-00046056-00046302 transcend our limits that we really find
+isBlD2r_S-A-00214-00046303-00046535 and transcend the self and that's the
+isBlD2r_S-A-00215-00046536-00046903 highest level of flow
+iup6fuvreoU-00000-00000231-00000841 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00001-00000842-00000994 [Applause]
+iup6fuvreoU-00003-00004284-00004619 so
+iup6fuvreoU-00004-00004620-00005683 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00005-00005684-00006983 so
+iup6fuvreoU-00007-00010286-00011283 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00008-00011284-00011787 so
+iup6fuvreoU-00009-00011788-00014596 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00011-00021760-00022483 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00012-00022484-00022841 mine
+iup6fuvreoU-00013-00022842-00023672 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00014-00023673-00025283 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00015-00025284-00025699 so
+iup6fuvreoU-00016-00025700-00027155 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00017-00027156-00028083 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00018-00028083-00028383 so
+iup6fuvreoU-00019-00028385-00029483 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00020-00029483-00029683 so
+iup6fuvreoU-00021-00029685-00032283 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00022-00032283-00032625 so
+iup6fuvreoU-00023-00032626-00033419 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00024-00033420-00033683 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00025-00033684-00033947 so
+iup6fuvreoU-00026-00033948-00035206 [Music]
+iup6fuvreoU-00028-00040784-00040908 you
+iup6fuvreoU-00029-00040909-00041223 [Music]
+iue3hjXHRXc-00000-00000003-00000164 well you go to kiss your little baby on
+iue3hjXHRXc-00001-00000165-00000308 their forehead you all of a sudden
+iue3hjXHRXc-00002-00000309-00000559 notices nello scaly coating ooh
+iue3hjXHRXc-00003-00000560-00000853 what gives was probably cradle cap and
+iue3hjXHRXc-00004-00000855-00000979 in this video I'm gonna share with you
+iue3hjXHRXc-00005-00000980-00001457 five natural ways you can remedy it hi
+iue3hjXHRXc-00006-00001458-00001646 i'm trying to be holland author of the
+iue3hjXHRXc-00007-00001647-00001772 mom a natural week-by-week guide to
+iue3hjXHRXc-00008-00001773-00001973 pregnancy and childbirth now if you have
+iue3hjXHRXc-00009-00001973-00002132 a little baby be sure to sign up for my
+iue3hjXHRXc-00010-00002133-00002423 weekly free emails on baby's first year
+iue3hjXHRXc-00011-00002424-00002573 of a link for you in the video
+iue3hjXHRXc-00012-00002574-00002767 description below so let's dive into
+iue3hjXHRXc-00013-00002768-00003016 cradle cap first no this is a very
+iue3hjXHRXc-00014-00003017-00003199 common condition that usually pops up
+iue3hjXHRXc-00015-00003200-00003388 within the first month or two of baby's
+iue3hjXHRXc-00016-00003389-00003626 life sometimes later but it's very
+iue3hjXHRXc-00017-00003627-00003803 common it's actually infantile
+iue3hjXHRXc-00018-00003804-00004115 dermatitis and these greasy scaly yellow
+iue3hjXHRXc-00019-00004116-00004391 patches will show up on the scalp but
+iue3hjXHRXc-00020-00004392-00004579 also sometimes under the armpits in
+iue3hjXHRXc-00021-00004580-00004850 between the inner thighs anywhere where
+iue3hjXHRXc-00022-00004851-00005204 moisture shows up okay around the diaper
+iue3hjXHRXc-00023-00005205-00005443 line and it can be unsightly don't get
+iue3hjXHRXc-00024-00005444-00005627 me wrong but it's generally nothing to
+iue3hjXHRXc-00025-00005628-00005822 be too concerned about luckily there's
+iue3hjXHRXc-00026-00005823-00006002 some really gentle and easy ways you can
+iue3hjXHRXc-00027-00006003-00006179 treat it so let's talk about it the
+iue3hjXHRXc-00028-00006180-00006352 first thing you want to do is to soften
+iue3hjXHRXc-00029-00006353-00006689 the area with oil so find a raw organic
+iue3hjXHRXc-00030-00006690-00006902 vegetable oil like olive oil or coconut
+iue3hjXHRXc-00031-00006903-00007103 oil and what you want to do is take a
+iue3hjXHRXc-00032-00007104-00007319 small little teaspoon into your hand and
+iue3hjXHRXc-00033-00007320-00007562 then gently massage it into baby's scalp
+iue3hjXHRXc-00034-00007563-00007763 okay this is gonna help to soften the
+iue3hjXHRXc-00035-00007764-00008020 skin it's going to help to dislodge some
+iue3hjXHRXc-00036-00008022-00008273 of these scaly crusty formations and
+iue3hjXHRXc-00037-00008274-00008507 then just take a nice little baby comb
+iue3hjXHRXc-00038-00008508-00008744 or baby brush and comb or brush your way
+iue3hjXHRXc-00039-00008745-00008939 through the baby's scalp to help
+iue3hjXHRXc-00040-00008940-00009170 stimulate that area stimulate the
+iue3hjXHRXc-00041-00009171-00009406 production of new skin cells and loosen
+iue3hjXHRXc-00042-00009407-00009685 up those patches number two you can make
+iue3hjXHRXc-00043-00009686-00009959 a special apple cider vinegar rinse okay
+iue3hjXHRXc-00044-00009960-00010071 what you want to do is take two
+iue3hjXHRXc-00045-00010072-00010285 tablespoons of raw apple cider vinegar
+iue3hjXHRXc-00046-00010286-00010574 mix it into about a quarter cup of water
+iue3hjXHRXc-00047-00010575-00010823 make sure it's mixed real nice and then
+iue3hjXHRXc-00048-00010824-00011069 get baby into a bath tub protect their
+iue3hjXHRXc-00049-00011070-00011317 eyes and simply put this kind of tonic
+iue3hjXHRXc-00050-00011318-00011651 onto their scalp massage it in let it
+iue3hjXHRXc-00051-00011652-00011795 sit for about ten minutes
+iue3hjXHRXc-00052-00011796-00012008 and then very carefully just rinse it
+iue3hjXHRXc-00053-00012009-00012173 off nowadays they make these really cool
+iue3hjXHRXc-00054-00012174-00012364 buckets that kind of prevent getting the
+iue3hjXHRXc-00055-00012365-00012595 water in baby's eyes get the hair nice
+iue3hjXHRXc-00056-00012596-00012890 and clean and wash this solution off but
+iue3hjXHRXc-00057-00012891-00013111 apple cider vinegar has a wonderful pH
+iue3hjXHRXc-00058-00013112-00013355 is that it's going to help rebalance the
+iue3hjXHRXc-00059-00013356-00013427 skins
+iue3hjXHRXc-00060-00013428-00013646 I'm told it's gonna help dislodge these
+iue3hjXHRXc-00061-00013647-00013874 cradle cap scales and it's going to help
+iue3hjXHRXc-00062-00013875-00014005 promote healing
+iue3hjXHRXc-00063-00014006-00014297 number three exfoliate with a brush now
+iue3hjXHRXc-00064-00014297-00014453 I looted to this before but you want to
+iue3hjXHRXc-00065-00014454-00014638 find a baby brush okay usually these are
+iue3hjXHRXc-00066-00014640-00014828 made with really soft bristles so what
+iue3hjXHRXc-00067-00014829-00015071 you want to do is just gently stimulate
+iue3hjXHRXc-00068-00015072-00015311 the baby's scalp with this brush okay so
+iue3hjXHRXc-00069-00015312-00015482 this is a very gentle form of kind of
+iue3hjXHRXc-00070-00015483-00015707 dry brushing or skin brushing it's going
+iue3hjXHRXc-00071-00015708-00015941 to help to stimulate new cell production
+iue3hjXHRXc-00072-00015941-00016297 and cell turnover and help to kind of
+iue3hjXHRXc-00073-00016298-00016574 sloth off this cradle cap this can be
+iue3hjXHRXc-00074-00016575-00016796 very effective combined with the tonic
+iue3hjXHRXc-00075-00016797-00017021 that I mentioned earlier as well as the
+iue3hjXHRXc-00076-00017022-00017234 natural vegetable oils now before I dive
+iue3hjXHRXc-00077-00017235-00017411 into tips number four and five let's
+iue3hjXHRXc-00078-00017412-00017579 back up for a minute and talk about what
+iue3hjXHRXc-00079-00017580-00017759 could potentially be causing cradle cap
+iue3hjXHRXc-00080-00017760-00018017 there could be some microbiome issues
+iue3hjXHRXc-00081-00018018-00018161 okay so some babies are given
+iue3hjXHRXc-00082-00018162-00018344 antibiotics for whatever reason whether
+iue3hjXHRXc-00083-00018345-00018560 they got sick or GBS or something
+iue3hjXHRXc-00084-00018561-00018730 happened and they needed some medicine
+iue3hjXHRXc-00085-00018731-00018955 but this can disrupt their microbiome
+iue3hjXHRXc-00086-00018956-00019214 also sometimes moms will be administered
+iue3hjXHRXc-00087-00019215-00019436 antibiotics during their delivery or
+iue3hjXHRXc-00088-00019437-00019634 during their labor and this also can
+iue3hjXHRXc-00089-00019635-00019862 affect the baby's microbiome or the moms
+iue3hjXHRXc-00090-00019863-00020102 microbiome and if she's nursing this can
+iue3hjXHRXc-00091-00020103-00020294 affect the baby okay the point is
+iue3hjXHRXc-00092-00020295-00020519 there's a little bit of an imbalance and
+iue3hjXHRXc-00093-00020520-00020735 the good and bad bacteria in the baby's
+iue3hjXHRXc-00094-00020736-00020918 system so some ways you can support that
+iue3hjXHRXc-00095-00020919-00021140 is first starting with mama if you're a
+iue3hjXHRXc-00096-00021141-00021335 breastfeeding mom you can tweak your
+iue3hjXHRXc-00097-00021336-00021556 diet a little bit and also take some
+iue3hjXHRXc-00098-00021557-00021767 healing supplements to help babies to
+iue3hjXHRXc-00099-00021768-00021914 create okay probiotics are gonna help
+iue3hjXHRXc-00100-00021915-00022136 Mama's microbiome but also benefit baby
+iue3hjXHRXc-00101-00022137-00022367 as some of those positive benefits come
+iue3hjXHRXc-00102-00022368-00022553 through the breast milk you also want to
+iue3hjXHRXc-00103-00022554-00022661 be sure mom is getting plenty of
+iue3hjXHRXc-00104-00022662-00022949 magnesium zinc and B vitamins as this
+iue3hjXHRXc-00105-00022950-00023197 all can affect baby and also help to
+iue3hjXHRXc-00106-00023198-00023417 support healthy skin and baby number
+iue3hjXHRXc-00107-00023418-00023650 five you can focus in on baby they make
+iue3hjXHRXc-00108-00023651-00023825 special infant probiotics we have a
+iue3hjXHRXc-00109-00023826-00024041 whole article diving into my favorite
+iue3hjXHRXc-00110-00024042-00024181 brands I'll put a link to that in the
+iue3hjXHRXc-00111-00024182-00024434 video description below but the point is
+iue3hjXHRXc-00112-00024435-00024631 support your baby's microbiome so you
+iue3hjXHRXc-00113-00024632-00024764 can add a little bit of this infant
+iue3hjXHRXc-00114-00024765-00024953 probiotic powder to breast milk
+iue3hjXHRXc-00115-00024954-00025139 kind of hand express it and then spoon
+iue3hjXHRXc-00116-00025140-00025325 feed it to them or if you're bottle
+iue3hjXHRXc-00117-00025326-00025487 feeding that's really easy just pop it
+iue3hjXHRXc-00118-00025488-00025730 in the bottle and feed it to baby if
+iue3hjXHRXc-00119-00025731-00025906 baby's on solids you can mix it into
+iue3hjXHRXc-00120-00025907-00026125 their solid food but the point is you
+iue3hjXHRXc-00121-00026126-00026345 want to boost their biome some mom's
+iue3hjXHRXc-00122-00026345-00026561 even make a topical solution with a baby
+iue3hjXHRXc-00123-00026562-00026801 probiotic and actually apply it to this
+iue3hjXHRXc-00124-00026802-00027107 because our skin also has a microbiome
+iue3hjXHRXc-00125-00027108-00027433 to it as well so consider that also some
+iue3hjXHRXc-00126-00027434-00027608 moms have has success using certain
+iue3hjXHRXc-00127-00027608-00027845 homeopathic remedies that support
+iue3hjXHRXc-00128-00027845-00028024 healthy skin now you'll want to work
+iue3hjXHRXc-00129-00028025-00028189 with your doctor or do a little
+iue3hjXHRXc-00130-00028190-00028367 searching on what some of those best
+iue3hjXHRXc-00131-00028368-00028564 remedies would be but it's something to
+iue3hjXHRXc-00132-00028565-00028762 consider so there you have it five ways
+iue3hjXHRXc-00133-00028763-00028979 you can treat cradle cap naturally but
+iue3hjXHRXc-00134-00028980-00029155 always remember that cradle cap in
+iue3hjXHRXc-00135-00029156-00029377 itself is not harmful it might not be
+iue3hjXHRXc-00136-00029378-00029564 the most attractive thing but it's not
+iue3hjXHRXc-00137-00029564-00029723 going to harm you or baby it's just
+iue3hjXHRXc-00138-00029724-00029885 sometimes part of the process and it
+iue3hjXHRXc-00139-00029886-00030187 will go away trust me now if baby's skin
+iue3hjXHRXc-00140-00030188-00030479 ever starts to ooze or bleed of course
+iue3hjXHRXc-00141-00030480-00030652 always check in with your doctor to get
+iue3hjXHRXc-00142-00030653-00030836 more help before I closed up remember to
+iue3hjXHRXc-00143-00030837-00031010 get more free tips and tricks about
+iue3hjXHRXc-00144-00031011-00031168 baby's first year be sure to sign up for
+iue3hjXHRXc-00145-00031169-00031370 my free email series of a link in the
+iue3hjXHRXc-00146-00031370-00031529 video description below and we'll catch
+iue3hjXHRXc-00147-00031530-00031702 it
+iue3hjXHRXc-00148-00031702-00031908 you
+iy4ySaMa14g-00000-00000588-00001369 [Music]
+iy4ySaMa14g-00001-00001370-00002883 [Music]
+iy4ySaMa14g-00002-00002884-00003142 two
+iy4ySaMa14g-00003-00003143-00003792 [Applause]
+iy4ySaMa14g-00004-00003793-00004283 [Music]
+iy4ySaMa14g-00005-00004284-00004609 hmm
+iy4ySaMa14g-00006-00004610-00005683 [Music]
+iy4ySaMa14g-00007-00005684-00006264 hmm
+iy4ySaMa14g-00008-00006265-00007855 [Music]
+iy4ySaMa14g-00009-00007856-00008327 good morning so
+iy4ySaMa14g-00010-00008328-00008735 i have just been having a slow morning
+iy4ySaMa14g-00011-00008736-00009039 i woke up at 7 00 a.m and just
+iy4ySaMa14g-00012-00009040-00009335 you know got my chores done because
+iy4ySaMa14g-00013-00009336-00009519 sadly i am an adult and with that kind
+iy4ySaMa14g-00014-00009520-00009678 of responsibilities like caring for
+iy4ySaMa14g-00015-00009679-00009887 yourself like doing your own washing and
+iy4ySaMa14g-00016-00009888-00010142 stuff like that so i went ahead and did
+iy4ySaMa14g-00017-00010143-00010223 that
+iy4ySaMa14g-00018-00010224-00010551 put it away did a bit of editing
+iy4ySaMa14g-00019-00010552-00010903 you know just some things things
+iy4ySaMa14g-00020-00010904-00011271 things and then yeah
+iy4ySaMa14g-00021-00011272-00011478 did some more bedroom cleaning like i
+iy4ySaMa14g-00022-00011479-00011670 always do right if i have guests over
+iy4ySaMa14g-00023-00011671-00011942 and now we're gonna go and we're gonna
+iy4ySaMa14g-00024-00011943-00011991 grab
+iy4ySaMa14g-00025-00011992-00012319 hannah so with that being said she is
+iy4ySaMa14g-00026-00012320-00012423 now here
+iy4ySaMa14g-00027-00012424-00012735 and we are going to go on a nice long
+iy4ySaMa14g-00028-00012736-00012815 walk
+iy4ySaMa14g-00029-00012816-00013094 how do you feel about it amazing like
+iy4ySaMa14g-00030-00013095-00013135 i'm
+iy4ySaMa14g-00031-00013136-00013519 so excited for this really long walk
+iy4ySaMa14g-00032-00013519-00013791 basically we are going on a 40-minute
+iy4ySaMa14g-00033-00013791-00013951 walk to dunkin donuts
+iy4ySaMa14g-00034-00013952-00014343 you know go work for that and then
+iy4ySaMa14g-00035-00014344-00014519 i don't know i think we're doing zara
+iy4ySaMa14g-00036-00014519-00014727 we're doing thrift stores
+iy4ySaMa14g-00037-00014728-00014983 we're doing on there we're we're doing a
+iy4ySaMa14g-00038-00014984-00015143 bunch of random stuff and it's a rainy
+iy4ySaMa14g-00039-00015144-00015191 day
+iy4ySaMa14g-00040-00015191-00015483 so you know we're working with what we
+iy4ySaMa14g-00041-00015484-00015928 have
+iy4ySaMa14g-00042-00015929-00017150 [Music]
+iy4ySaMa14g-00043-00017151-00017527 my friends on the internet talk to me
+iy4ySaMa14g-00044-00017528-00017919 more than my real ones do
+iy4ySaMa14g-00045-00017920-00018303 i never seem to be good enough for him
+iy4ySaMa14g-00046-00018304-00018430 or her or
+iy4ySaMa14g-00047-00018431-00018735 even you so we're stopping the little
+iy4ySaMa14g-00048-00018736-00018799 mountain
+iy4ySaMa14g-00049-00018800-00019030 because um no one misses nathan been
+iy4ySaMa14g-00050-00019031-00019167 making us walk the wrong way
+iy4ySaMa14g-00051-00019168-00019414 no that's you mother it's me you're on
+iy4ySaMa14g-00052-00019415-00019583 the set to walk to dean's gate
+iy4ySaMa14g-00053-00019584-00019799 we walk to dean's gate and she's she's
+iy4ySaMa14g-00054-00019800-00020055 been an absolute lover like amazing
+iy4ySaMa14g-00055-00020056-00020286 eleven as you see we're walking around
+iy4ySaMa14g-00056-00020287-00020407 in circles we're talking
+iy4ySaMa14g-00057-00020408-00020599 about dean's game that is dude's game my
+iy4ySaMa14g-00058-00020600-00020735 opinion
+iy4ySaMa14g-00059-00020736-00020894 yeah we were at dean's cave but we're
+iy4ySaMa14g-00060-00020895-00021071 not meant to be going to dean's gate
+iy4ySaMa14g-00061-00021072-00021239 we watched for our steamscape we
+iy4ySaMa14g-00062-00021240-00021471 actually did like i swear
+iy4ySaMa14g-00063-00021472-00021647 i have no reflection i remember you
+iy4ySaMa14g-00064-00021648-00021807 saying we were in dean's cape but i
+iy4ySaMa14g-00065-00021808-00021983 don't remember seeing a sign saying
+iy4ySaMa14g-00066-00021984-00022294 we were in dean's gate so
+iy4ySaMa14g-00067-00022295-00022486 let's just build a bridge and get over
+iy4ySaMa14g-00068-00022487-00022678 it
+iy4ySaMa14g-00069-00022679-00022999 she's the one that makes us she's the
+iy4ySaMa14g-00070-00023000-00023143 one that made us go the wrong way yeah
+iy4ySaMa14g-00071-00023144-00023255 and one game the blame
+iy4ySaMa14g-00072-00023256-00023767 you're getting the blame girl
+iy4ySaMa14g-00073-00023768-00024007 we've all technically had it wrong
+iy4ySaMa14g-00074-00024008-00024175 without we're just following you
+iy4ySaMa14g-00075-00024176-00024486 i'm partly on the right way we said like
+iy4ySaMa14g-00076-00024487-00024703 dean's game so we got to do this game in
+iy4ySaMa14g-00077-00024704-00024878 the end honestly girl i told you i had
+iy4ySaMa14g-00078-00024879-00024958 no clue
+iy4ySaMa14g-00079-00024959-00025135 i had no clue what was the steamscape
+iy4ySaMa14g-00080-00025136-00025839 that's half of the central
+iy4ySaMa14g-00081-00025839-00025999 love having to miss pedestrian crossings
+iy4ySaMa14g-00082-00026000-00026367 because cars park on them
+iy4ySaMa14g-00083-00026368-00026574 so after mocking um hannes into
+iy4ySaMa14g-00084-00026575-00026670 direction
+iy4ySaMa14g-00085-00026672-00026814 saying that she was leaders in the wrong
+iy4ySaMa14g-00086-00026816-00027062 direction i took the lead for only maths
+iy4ySaMa14g-00087-00027063-00027246 and then i started messing around with
+iy4ySaMa14g-00088-00027247-00027407 my phone and stopped
+iy4ySaMa14g-00089-00027408-00027702 paying attention to maps um i made us do
+iy4ySaMa14g-00090-00027704-00027831 a wrong turn well not
+iy4ySaMa14g-00091-00027832-00028007 well i mean just go straight on
+iy4ySaMa14g-00092-00028008-00028231 serotonin but still
+iy4ySaMa14g-00093-00028232-00028446 i'm also just as bad as her i will fully
+iy4ySaMa14g-00094-00028447-00028646 admit it they say
+iy4ySaMa14g-00095-00028647-00028983 it'll always get better but i had no one
+iy4ySaMa14g-00096-00028983-00029311 to help me through
+iy4ySaMa14g-00097-00029312-00029583 at the end always a congratulations
+iy4ySaMa14g-00098-00029585-00030431 [Music]
+iy4ySaMa14g-00099-00030432-00030751 so hannah and i came back home
+iy4ySaMa14g-00100-00030752-00031087 or back to mine a little while ago and
+iy4ySaMa14g-00101-00031088-00031327 yeah obviously we were tired with nearly
+iy4ySaMa14g-00102-00031327-00031607 30 000 footsteps in a day and it wasn't
+iy4ySaMa14g-00103-00031608-00031687 planned so
+iy4ySaMa14g-00104-00031688-00031943 we weren't prepared for it but yeah so
+iy4ySaMa14g-00105-00031944-00032046 we've just been chilling
+iy4ySaMa14g-00106-00032047-00032270 and now we've just ordered a bit of kfc
+iy4ySaMa14g-00107-00032272-00032431 because when i could
+iy4ySaMa14g-00108-00032432-00032646 am i gonna have that and yeah i've
+iy4ySaMa14g-00109-00032647-00032758 literally just been
+iy4ySaMa14g-00110-00032760-00033095 doing my meals and i cannot wait for the
+iy4ySaMa14g-00111-00033096-00033295 kfc
+iy4ySaMa14g-00112-00033296-00033683 we have now had our tea and we
+iy4ySaMa14g-00113-00033684-00033927 are
+iy4ySaMa14g-00114-00033928-00034271 getting ready to leave um
+iy4ySaMa14g-00115-00034272-00034735 i have another little straight okay
+iy4ySaMa14g-00116-00034736-00035083 we are getting ready to leave um we are
+iy4ySaMa14g-00117-00035084-00035367 just gotta take some more photos
+iy4ySaMa14g-00118-00035368-00035567 and videos like for you to do um yeah
+iy4ySaMa14g-00119-00035568-00035855 just have a good time
+iy4ySaMa14g-00120-00035856-00036279 out there and yeah
+iy4ySaMa14g-00121-00036280-00036649 that's it lego
+iy4ySaMa14g-00122-00036650-00037497 [Music]
+iy4ySaMa14g-00123-00037498-00037879 [Music]
+iy4ySaMa14g-00124-00037880-00038014 i'm
+iy4ySaMa14g-00125-00038015-00039271 [Music]
+iy4ySaMa14g-00126-00039272-00039515 we
+iy4ySaMa14g-00127-00039516-00040551 [Music]
+iy4ySaMa14g-00128-00040552-00040984 no i don't want to dance
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00000-00000000-00000157 my pleasure to turn the floor over to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00001-00000158-00000856 our first speaker today Jessica anger
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00002-00000857-00001150 great thank you so much Adam and we're
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00003-00001151-00001319 so happy that you're all joining us here
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00004-00001320-00001651 today hello everyone I'm Jessica and I'm
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00005-00001652-00001916 with heritage preservation before we get
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00006-00001917-00002069 started I just wanted to give a quick
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00007-00002070-00002317 introduction to the online community and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00008-00002318-00002651 then we'll move on from there the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00009-00002652-00002795 connecting to collections online
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00010-00002796-00002981 community was originally created in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00011-00002982-00003128 cooperation with the American
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00012-00003129-00003329 Association for state and local history
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00013-00003329-00003529 and with funding from the Institute of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00014-00003530-00003763 Museum and Library Services the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00015-00003764-00003953 community and webinars are moderated by
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00016-00003954-00004138 heritage preservation and learning times
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00017-00004139-00004322 is kind enough to produce both our
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00018-00004323-00004597 website and webinars the goal of the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00019-00004598-00004781 online community has always been to help
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00020-00004782-00005090 smaller museums libraries archives and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00021-00005091-00005341 historical societies quickly locate
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00022-00005342-00005563 reliable preservation resources and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00023-00005564-00006136 network with colleagues to help you do
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00024-00006137-00006322 that we have compiled an extensive list
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00025-00006323-00006527 of online resources that are broken up
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00026-00006528-00006719 by topic on the online community in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00027-00006720-00006931 addition we also hold free drop-in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00028-00006933-00007169 webinars like the ones a day on topics
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00029-00007170-00007394 we hope you'll find useful a recording
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00030-00007395-00007559 of all of our webinars including this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00031-00007559-00007778 one can be found under webinar archives
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00032-00007779-00007997 and of course if you're interested in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00033-00007998-00008198 continuing the discussion you welcome to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00034-00008199-00008366 sign up as a member of the community and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00035-00008367-00008821 post questions on the discussion board
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00036-00008822-00009047 today I'm pleased to welcome Amanda
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00037-00009048-00009401 Iseman and Ryan edge amanda has an MA
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00038-00009402-00009638 and ph.d in early modern history from
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00039-00009639-00009749 the University of Illinois
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00040-00009750-00009971 urbana-champaign she is currently
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00041-00009972-00010136 working at the University of Illinois
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00042-00010137-00010369 preservation and conservation lab on the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00043-00010370-00010595 preservation self-assessment project
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00044-00010596-00010817 while she finishes up in MLS with
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00045-00010818-00011006 specializations in data curation and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00046-00011007-00011306 special collections ryan edge is the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00047-00011307-00011477 project manager of the preservation
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00048-00011478-00011663 self-assessment program and the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00049-00011664-00011852 preservation conservation staff member
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00050-00011853-00012035 at the University of Illinois libraries
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00051-00012036-00012266 he hold the masters of library and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00052-00012267-00012446 information science from the University
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00053-00012447-00012626 of Illinois at urbana-champaign and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00054-00012627-00012811 later this winter he'll be joining
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00055-00012812-00013013 michigan state university library as the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00056-00013013-00013271 media preservationist he also wants
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00057-00013272-00013418 everyone here to know that he is a long
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00058-00013419-00013594 and rich history of volunteer work at
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00059-00013595-00013933 museums and with that I'm going to go
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00060-00013934-00014108 ahead and pull over our
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00061-00014109-00014433 presenters presentation for today and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00062-00014434-00014713 they Amanda and Ryan thank you so much
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00063-00014715-00014954 for joining us and i just want to remind
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00064-00014955-00015143 folks as well that if you have questions
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00065-00015144-00015347 during the presentation feel free to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00066-00015347-00015575 type them in the chat box and then we'll
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00067-00015576-00015716 make sure to get to them before the end
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00068-00015716-00016061 of the hour alright with that Ryan and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00069-00016062-00016583 Amanda and it over to you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00070-00016584-00017004 right hello so I'll be talking about
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00071-00017005-00017220 peace up today the preservation
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00072-00017221-00017601 self-assessment program and I first want
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00073-00017602-00017745 to say that I was so excited to see so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00074-00017746-00018042 many people here from all over and as a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00075-00018043-00018333 Georgian hello to my fellow southerners
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00076-00018334-00018692 there seem to be quite a number of you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00077-00018693-00019038 that's so there uh so let's talk about
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00078-00019039-00019725 peace gap shall we so I cited in the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00079-00019726-00020028 2005 heritage health index report there
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00080-00020029-00020316 were an estimated 1.7 billion books and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00081-00020317-00020643 bound volumes 52 million unbound paper
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00082-00020644-00021249 items and 720 7.4 million photographic
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00083-00021250-00021393 images trusted to the care of our
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00084-00021394-00021654 cultural heritage institutions of these
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00085-00021655-00021831 sixty-five percent of collecting
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00086-00021832-00022062 institutions have collections damaged by
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00087-00022063-00022287 improper storage forty percent of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00088-00022288-00022443 institutions don't have any funds to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00089-00022444-00022554 allocate for preservation or
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00090-00022555-00022836 conservation giving a more specific
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00091-00022837-00023022 illustration of the situations that give
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00092-00023023-00023181 rise to preservation and conservation
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00093-00023182-00023519 disasters the 2009 illinois connecting
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00094-00023520-00023667 to collection survey of preservation
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00095-00023668-00023886 need and nearly 300 library's archives
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00096-00023887-00024144 museums and historical societies showed
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00097-00024145-00024339 that thirty-nine percent have not had a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00098-00024340-00024530 general conditions or collection survey
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00099-00024531-00024771 forty-two percent are without equity
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00100-00024772-00024999 adequate humidity control thirty-four
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00101-00025000-00025253 percent without light control
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00102-00025254-00025542 thirty-seven percent do not a disaster
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00103-00025543-00025739 plan fifty-eight percent do not have
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00104-00025741-00025938 disaster training a them fifty-nine
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00105-00025939-00026082 percent do not have conservation plan
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00106-00026083-00026310 and forty percent do not have adequate
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00107-00026311-00026627 security and of course these are all
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00108-00026629-00027164 issues for long-term well-being of our
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00109-00027166-00027372 collections so what's the role of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00110-00027373-00027902 assessment well there's a number of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00111-00027904-00028047 areas to be concerned about in the realm
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00112-00028048-00028170 of collection preservation and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00113-00028170-00028395 conservation a testament is about much
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00114-00028395-00028569 more than just surveying and evaluating
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00115-00028570-00028806 items in a collection institutional
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00116-00028807-00029064 policies and procedures influence how
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00117-00029064-00029283 well and how often assessment is carried
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00118-00029283-00029608 out
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00119-00029610-00029864 this can kind of go down to things like
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00120-00029864-00030092 level of access using supervision is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00121-00030093-00030302 things all help maintain both individual
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00122-00030302-00031067 items and collections conditions so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00123-00031068-00031283 being aware of environmental factors and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00124-00031283-00031481 maintaining regular monitoring practices
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00125-00031482-00031702 can help prevent damage from occurring
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00126-00031704-00031874 and to identify problems before they get
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00127-00031875-00032152 worse and do more damage being prepared
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00128-00032154-00032339 for what to do to preserve and protect
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00129-00032339-00032531 collections in the case of disaster
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00130-00032532-00032744 preparedness and knowing what
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00131-00032745-00033089 pre-emptive measures to take and kind of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00132-00033090-00033233 final major role of assessment is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00133-00033234-00033386 knowing and providing the best storage
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00134-00033387-00034190 situation for individual formats so what
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00135-00034191-00034460 are the costs of an action of not being
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00136-00034461-00034565 able to assess or not having our
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00137-00034566-00034796 collections assessed so unassessed and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00138-00034797-00034997 under SS collections are problem terms
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00139-00034998-00035297 of that conservation preservation of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00140-00035298-00035540 cultural assets and heritage objects so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00141-00035541-00035762 it's problem for libraries archives
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00142-00035763-00036008 museums all of us performing assessments
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00143-00036009-00036200 allow one to understand the overall
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00144-00036201-00036359 preservation needs of a collection and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00145-00036360-00036596 to predict exactness and cost of taking
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00146-00036597-00036826 action to preserve items or collections
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00147-00036827-00037085 so unpreventable damage needs to be
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00148-00037086-00037289 anticipated and plan for things that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00149-00037290-00037538 have material inherit vices you can see
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00150-00037539-00037802 the show up with TD shedding optical
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00151-00037803-00038012 discs decomposition I treat film
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00152-00038013-00038402 deterioration a brittle paper you also
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00153-00038403-00038759 see that's in red rotted leather other
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00154-00038760-00039011 unpreventable damage kind of falls into
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00155-00039012-00039239 the category of general wear and tear so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00156-00039240-00039556 chipped edges ripped pages broken spines
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00157-00039557-00039866 week sewing fingerprints and other
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00158-00039867-00040121 deposits on CDs and other optical kind
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00159-00040122-00040304 of Lionel media so things that need to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00160-00040305-00040598 be clean or that would take quite a lot
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00161-00040599-00041323 of effort to clean
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00162-00041324-00041496 so let me get that category of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00163-00041497-00041715 preventable damages so other types of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00164-00041716-00041883 damage can be avoided and mediated
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00165-00041884-00042102 somewhat by improving display practices
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00166-00042103-00042376 studying a uniform emergency and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00167-00042377-00042643 disaster policies and establishing best
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00168-00042644-00042982 practices for handling and access so I'm
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00169-00042983-00043458 talk a little too fast okay so we've
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00170-00043459-00043732 talked about there's this is a webinar
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00171-00043733-00043879 and there's number of other ones there
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00172-00043880-00044104 was actually one about book preservation
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00173-00044105-00044326 and I think it may be all should check
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00174-00044327-00044545 that out it was quite a good one and it
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00175-00044546-00044787 discusses many issues involving books
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00176-00044788-00044974 like just how you store them on the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00177-00044975-00045235 shelf even so damage can be reduced by
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00178-00045236-00045526 planning ahead and kind of setting
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00179-00045527-00045637 things up so that you're done right the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00180-00045638-00045933 first first kind of way and then also by
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00181-00045934-00046140 estimating sword costs over the long
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00182-00046141-00046371 term and not simply solving things in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00183-00046372-00046674 the short term so poor storage methods
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00184-00046675-00046879 would be being concerned about the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00185-00046880-00047121 individuals object exterior so if you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00186-00047122-00047380 did not use s curves at all huge type
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00187-00047381-00047565 weak binding and you didn't get a sturdy
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00188-00047566-00048004 binding for something not using clam
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00189-00048005-00048183 shell cases suit to protect materials
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00190-00048184-00048460 and as I saying you can also see this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00191-00048461-00048739 with shelving how best to stack and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00192-00048740-00048996 organize books on the shelf so that all
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00193-00048997-00049245 sizes large and small are right next to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00194-00049246-00049695 each other and influencing how well each
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00195-00049696-00050205 of them laughs yes what sort of open
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00196-00050206-00050449 real audio films without boxes you can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00197-00050450-00050580 see this with vinyl sword without
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00198-00050581-00050854 protective enclosures so it's not just
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00199-00050855-00051348 for books in terms environmental dangers
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00200-00051349-00051582 these can look in the periphery so you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00201-00051583-00051736 may not really think of them right off
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00202-00051737-00052044 hand but they're always kind of maybe
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00203-00052045-00052251 watch out for these kind of things
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00204-00052252-00052810 include mold water damage insects and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00205-00052811-00053154 rodents so beetle silverfish bookworms
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00206-00053155-00053538 roaches mice also even dogs people
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00207-00053539-00053879 return things and it all got at it so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00208-00053880-00054172 Sun and exposure damage and this is true
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00209-00054173-00054451 for books films negative old
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00210-00054452-00054617 photographic plate
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00211-00054619-00054888 long-term damage no and poor circulation
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00212-00054889-00055095 in your archives or around your
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00213-00055096-00055410 materials and things like fluctuating
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00214-00055411-00055557 temperatures and humidity which can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00215-00055558-00056555 cause bindings and material to warp this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00216-00056557-00056769 brings to a four is two formats so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00217-00056770-00056994 adding to the problem collections are
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00218-00056995-00057261 always growing and developing and of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00219-00057262-00057402 course technology is always evolving
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00220-00057403-00057617 this makes it hard for collecting
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00221-00057619-00057840 institutions to identify a particularly
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00222-00057841-00058134 new or outdated formats as well as to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00223-00058135-00058332 keep track of the best practices for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00224-00058333-00058625 formats preservation and conservation
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00225-00058626-00058916 over the last century media formats have
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00226-00058917-00059254 widely and wildly expanded since 1987
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00227-00059255-00059619 over 17 new digital video tape formats
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00228-00059620-00059855 then put out just like with analog tapes
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00229-00059857-00060096 of which there are many many types each
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00230-00060097-00060246 of these formats has brought with it new
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00231-00060247-00060762 preservation access concerns there's
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00232-00060763-00060972 numerous other uncontrollable factors
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00233-00060973-00061205 influencing this explosion of new and or
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00234-00061207-00061461 changing old formats that collecting
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00235-00061462-00061635 institutions need to know all about and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00236-00061636-00061841 be on top of if they want preserve the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00237-00061842-00062073 collections of kind of the factors can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00238-00062074-00062244 include fluctuating costs and production
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00239-00062245-00062577 of materials and fact that a kind of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00240-00062578-00062816 global distribution of materials now so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00241-00062817-00063027 if you can be concerned with what's
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00242-00063028-00063144 going on with production and many
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00243-00063145-00063321 factors in other countries as well as in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00244-00063322-00063576 the United States national and global
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00245-00063577-00063870 legal copyright restrictions proprietary
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00246-00063871-00064104 software and technology and they ever
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00247-00064104-00064236 shorter life span of digital media
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00248-00064237-00064737 format so there are numerous
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00249-00064738-00064902 organizations set up to track and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00250-00064903-00065151 document all the new specifications but
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00251-00065152-00065373 even they can't keep up so for example
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00252-00065374-00065649 the UK's registry for digital format
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00253-00065650-00065994 pranaam doesn't have its a I'd enter
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00254-00065995-00066435 puid its identifier kind of will tag for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00255-00066436-00066612 some formats and subtypes and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00256-00066613-00066900 compression algorithms yet so if the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00257-00066901-00067251 main thing which has the main place to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00258-00067252-00067452 go doesn't even have these things then
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00259-00067453-00067665 if you can't be expected to know them
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00260-00067666-00067866 all either and of course if they don't
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00261-00067867-00067980 even have it then that makes it
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00262-00067981-00068151 that much more difficult for you to know
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00263-00068152-00068913 more about it I'm gonna ship on earth
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00264-00068914-00069144 collections so I've kind of got four
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00265-00069145-00069309 different new movies up here look at
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00266-00069310-00069573 those by talking so over the last five
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00267-00069574-00069801 years a number of large collections of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00268-00069802-00069984 old media formats have been discovered
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00269-00069985-00070098 and are still in the process of being
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00270-00070099-00070314 documented so it's not even just all
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00271-00070315-00070560 these new formats it's also a bunch of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00272-00070561-00070769 old ones keep sprung back out of nowhere
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00273-00070770-00071205 so overseas archives and this has
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00274-00071206-00071417 happened in New Zealand Australia
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00275-00071418-00071736 Amsterdam the Netherlands Italy they
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00276-00071737-00071910 discovered hundreds of previously
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00277-00071911-00072135 undocumented nitrate films from the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00278-00072136-00072401 1920s there were either believed to have
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00279-00072402-00072591 been destroyed at the time or that no
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00280-00072592-00072882 longer had surviving documentation so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00281-00072883-00073278 examples here the bashful bigamist the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00282-00073279-00073542 girl stage driver the diver and China
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00283-00073543-00073776 and a Chinese and you can see from these
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00284-00073777-00074154 examples it's not just a feature film
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00285-00074155-00074439 some of these are films that have a lot
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00286-00074440-00074589 of historical used to like China and the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00287-00074590-00074838 Chinese that could be it but rather
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00288-00074839-00075201 useful primary historical source just
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00289-00075202-00075482 for historians alone um filme you'll
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00290-00075483-00075723 study film so for collecting
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00291-00075724-00075954 institutions this means not only is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00292-00075955-00076077 there more to know in terms of what's
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00293-00076078-00076284 out there but also there's ever more to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00294-00076285-00076488 learn about preserving even about
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00295-00076489-00076749 materials that one already had already
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00296-00076750-00077154 knew about so finds like this means that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00297-00077155-00077517 a conservator can better now that we had
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00298-00077518-00077694 this body of work it means that a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00299-00077695-00077847 conservator can ultimately better decide
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00300-00077848-00077997 how best to preserve objects in a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00301-00077998-00078201 particular format because there's a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00302-00078202-00078384 sizable body that format to kind of uses
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00303-00078385-00078705 good context so in some cases this can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00304-00078706-00078921 help a conservator know if the decay on
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00305-00078922-00079053 one or two objects in the collection
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00306-00079054-00079275 were indicative of the individuals
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00307-00079276-00079500 objects deterioration or if the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00308-00079501-00079632 deterioration was characteristic for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00309-00079633-00079832 that format material composition or
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00310-00079833-00080304 manufacture so if manufacturer didn't do
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00311-00080305-00080466 a good job and that's maybe why that the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00312-00080467-00080622 films on doing well because you can see
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00313-00080623-00080757 ten other examples of the exact same
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00314-00080758-00080894 thing happening and show you different
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00315-00080895-00081060 types of films but all done by the same
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00316-00081061-00081712 manufacturer
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00317-00081713-00081996 fifth net and small institutions and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00318-00081997-00082278 we're he staff is designed for smaller
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00319-00082279-00082554 institutions so clutch assessments want
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00320-00082555-00082775 a basic task that small organizations
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00321-00082776-00082965 need to perform and yet they rarely have
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00322-00082966-00083225 the resources to be able to do so pretty
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00323-00083226-00083379 much of all organizations they are the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00324-00083380-00083715 one cannot afford to do so assessments
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00325-00083716-00083843 usually involve a fair amount of time
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00326-00083844-00084167 money and tasked us to test it cated
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00327-00084168-00084455 staff assessment is usually involved on
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00328-00084456-00084636 fight specialists or experts hire to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00329-00084637-00084828 come in and you can see the loot
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00330-00084829-00085274 Heritage's cap program these are
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00331-00085275-00085526 necessarily negative is just there have
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00332-00085527-00085755 things why sometimes it's hard for small
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00333-00085756-00085896 organizations to be able to get you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00334-00085897-00086199 assessment assessment for one site on
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00335-00086200-00086367 site work has involved training people
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00336-00086368-00086531 and this involves paying for and sending
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00337-00086532-00086928 staff away for training an assessment of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00338-00086929-00087099 any type of collection needed to be done
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00339-00087100-00087549 by a specialist so this is some parts
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00340-00087550-00087687 why some collections have been done or
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00341-00087688-00087996 assessed properly because the another
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00342-00087997-00088797 right specialist to help them out so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00343-00088798-00088947 what is the peace app I've been talking
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00344-00088948-00089061 for a while and maybe you're wondering
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00345-00089062-00089484 is the piece app so it is a preservation
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00346-00089485-00089780 assessment web application it's kind of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00347-00089781-00089963 set up a series of different questions
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00348-00089964-00090299 no more than 20 questions maximum and it
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00349-00090300-00090528 doesn't really rely on the model of you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00350-00090529-00090828 in putting tons of tons of data it's
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00351-00090829-00091037 more like a questionnaire so kind of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00352-00091038-00091369 simple intuitive survey tool in addition
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00353-00091370-00091700 there's an instructive guide there's
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00354-00091701-00091892 number of supplemental institutional
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00355-00091893-00092160 resources and also it's a generator of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00356-00092161-00092466 metadata and administrative records so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00357-00092467-00092586 it's kind of a whole bunch of things all
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00358-00092587-00092811 wrapped into one so kind of everything
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00359-00092812-00093594 you need in one place
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00360-00093595-00094021 so um you might have seen some other
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00361-00094022-00094153 assessment tools so you're kind of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00362-00094154-00094390 figuring out well what does piece up
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00363-00094391-00094555 give me that the other things don't
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00364-00094556-00095035 right well it's free it doesn't require
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00365-00095036-00095266 a special hardware software any
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00366-00095267-00095419 particular specifications for your
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00367-00095420-00095710 computer nothing has to be installed or
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00368-00095711-00096022 updated there's no training required to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00369-00096023-00096265 use it it doesn't require expert
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00370-00096266-00096571 technical knowledge in any area if you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00371-00096572-00096712 have it that is great but it doesn't
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00372-00096713-00097006 expect you to it allows for some
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00373-00097007-00097213 ambiguity and assessment so there's
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00374-00097214-00097408 options like I'm not sure if you're
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00375-00097409-00097623 asked what type of format something is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00376-00097624-00097822 its assigned to scale with different
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00377-00097823-00097984 platforms of devices particularly with
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00378-00097985-00098431 mobile phones and tablets so when we're
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00379-00098432-00098599 saying computer that could actually mean
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00380-00098600-00098782 a number of different devices not just
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00381-00098783-00099291 say your desktop compared to other
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00382-00099292-00099601 assessment tools psf has a customizable
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00383-00099602-00099856 form so one can set certain objects as
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00384-00099857-00100135 high or low priority one can cheese
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00385-00100136-00100378 track changes over time and make
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00386-00100379-00100615 adjustments for preservation planning
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00387-00100616-00100954 based on that it stores information for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00388-00100955-00101182 you so you don't need to put any
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00389-00101183-00101446 resources towards that mean money of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00390-00101447-00101664 your own or just space on your computer
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00391-00101665-00101917 it offers item and collection level
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00392-00101918-00102247 assessments it generates metadata for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00393-00102248-00102411 records without requiring user knowledge
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00394-00102413-00102705 of those metadata schema and it
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00395-00102706-00102877 publishes online this it's easy to keep
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00396-00102878-00103068 track of changes me to records and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00397-00103069-00103948 collections
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00398-00103949-00104284 so um what kind of formats materials
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00399-00104285-00104444 does it cover that might seem to be
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00400-00104445-00104726 rather relevance right well it comes
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00401-00104727-00104969 quite a lot so they give you some
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00402-00104970-00105353 examples for video films and discs this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00403-00105354-00105533 is this is just some of them that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00404-00105533-00105998 Betamax laserdisc super 8 film reels 2
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00405-00105999-00106238 inch open real video tapes pretty much
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00406-00106239-00106364 just a lot different size of the Pope
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00407-00106365-00106646 and real video tape audio recordings
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00408-00106647-00107006 we've got wire quarter-inch reels which
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00409-00107007-00107191 is kind of we used for radio usage
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00410-00107192-00107621 acetate and this square inch wheels and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00411-00107622-00107732 we're talking about all different types
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00412-00107733-00108097 material so acetate PVC paper polyester
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00413-00108098-00108470 dad wax phonograph cylinders photograph
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00414-00108471-00108698 records and not just the vinyl records
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00415-00108699-00109031 but also aluminum shellac and lacquer we
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00416-00109032-00109367 cover CD East Regional audio CDs and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00417-00109368-00109556 I've got stuff in photography so you've
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00418-00109557-00109810 got microfilm microfiche and acetate
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00419-00109811-00110174 nitrate polyester types of it Polaroid
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00420-00110175-00110483 instant photos glass cyanotypes Figaro
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00421-00110483-00110860 types as far as books we cover Todd
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00422-00110861-00111065 vellum with wood boards evens not just
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00423-00111066-00111290 alone by itself up with wood boards LMK
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00424-00111291-00111511 fella Jeffy's side stitch full paper
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00425-00111513-00111797 binding with embossed women adhesive
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00426-00111798-00112007 bindings with staples so kind of all
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00427-00112008-00112186 different types of forms that you might
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00428-00112188-00112360 see punching by and scrapbooks with side
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00429-00112361-00112649 lacing comb bound church cookbooks post
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00430-00112650-00112955 bound manuscripts and we also cover
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00431-00112956-00113066 things that may seem like a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00432-00113067-00113260 straightforward until you actually need
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00433-00113261-00113417 to preserve them and then you realize oh
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00434-00113418-00113659 my there's there's much more to it so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00435-00113660-00113939 we've got color photo photocopies things
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00436-00113940-00114085 that you might see in an office the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00437-00114086-00114521 fusion transfer thermo faxes also we do
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00438-00114522-00114851 architectural drawings and sources like
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00439-00114852-00115247 Matt so pretty much every type of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00440-00115248-00115589 material that of most archives and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00441-00115590-00115832 libraries and these thumb parts of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00442-00115833-00116583 museums will be running into
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00443-00116583-00116929 screenshot from it so piece-of- as a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00444-00116930-00117244 resource peace out confronts head on the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00445-00117245-00117510 question of where do we go to begin to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00446-00117511-00117775 prioritize care and treatment this tool
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00447-00117776-00117940 is largely about instilling confidence
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00448-00117941-00118141 in the idea that doing something is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00449-00118142-00118273 better than doing nothing and that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00450-00118274-00118480 something can be defined here and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00451-00118481-00118663 performed with confidence knowing that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00452-00118664-00118807 the logic is objective based and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00453-00118808-00118945 produces metrics for informed
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00454-00118946-00119329 preservation decisions chin SNP stat
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00455-00119330-00119482 provides a number of supplemental
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00456-00119483-00119680 assessment materials to accompany the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00457-00119681-00120124 web assessment application and I'll get
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00458-00120125-00120454 into kind of over these will kind of get
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00459-00120455-00120751 into some terials shaded she cheats and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00460-00120752-00121153 then one last see so let's get to the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00461-00121154-00121375 first one all right material
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00462-00121376-00121632 construction and format so we're talking
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00463-00121633-00121884 materials yeah we mean like plastic
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00464-00121885-00122116 adhesive llevo section he says so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00465-00122117-00122380 plastic transparency is even this kind
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00466-00122381-00122553 of gives you an idea with that um
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00467-00122554-00122947 pictures are very important they for the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00468-00122948-00123121 entire guide for the whole tool so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00469-00123122-00123298 picture here and in different sections
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00470-00123299-00123598 kind of things broken down into useful
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00471-00123599-00124204 information another supplemental thing
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00472-00124205-00124504 to be the identification sheet so this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00473-00124505-00124809 is kind of a you know this kind of as a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00474-00124810-00124921 resource just with you real quick
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00475-00124922-00125131 there's a bunch of different pictures so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00476-00125132-00125326 you can kind of see here this is what a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00477-00125327-00125590 photostat is quick dates on it a quick a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00478-00125591-00125770 little bit of information and here the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00479-00125771-00125883 next thing which looks totally different
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00480-00125884-00126108 from it some dates on it so if you're
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00481-00126109-00126241 trying to identify something you can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00482-00126242-00126373 kind of just go to these identification
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00483-00126374-00126583 sheets real quick and go uh okay no this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00484-00126583-00127570 one this one
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00485-00127571-00127955 so before we move into the details of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00486-00127956-00128110 assessment this is probably good time to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00487-00128111-00128399 mention that there's what I call handout
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00488-00128400-00128668 but it will be on the webinar website
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00489-00128669-00128873 and you'll have a number of useful
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00490-00128874-00129071 assessment and preservation focused
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00491-00129072-00129299 resources so please don't forget to look
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00492-00129300-00129899 over that that sheet after my talk but
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00493-00129900-00130084 back to this assessments are more than
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00494-00130085-00130328 just surveyed so assessments must
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00495-00130329-00130516 evaluate the policies practices
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00496-00130517-00130766 conditions in an institution that affect
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00497-00130767-00130983 the preservation of all the collections
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00498-00130984-00131204 they need to address the general state
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00499-00131205-00131390 of all the collections like what is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00500-00131391-00131579 needed to improve that state and how to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00501-00131580-00131699 preserve the collections in the long
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00502-00131700-00131993 term Sussman's also need to identify
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00503-00131994-00132346 specific preservation needs Rick Rickman
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00504-00132347-00132533 recommend actions to meet those needs
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00505-00132534-00132746 and prioritize the recommended actions
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00506-00132747-00133055 in terms of condition assessment and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00507-00133056-00133238 sister science identify the physical
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00508-00133239-00133370 condition of the collection in a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00509-00133371-00133568 specific manner often combining
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00510-00133569-00133766 observations on damage and deterioration
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00511-00133767-00134012 with incident and type and frequency of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00512-00134013-00134465 use an action survey would express the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00513-00134466-00134609 preservation needs of a collection in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00514-00134610-00134738 terms of actions that will secure
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00515-00134739-00135068 replace protects or treat the items
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00516-00135069-00136214 examined
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00517-00136215-00136530 so one of the other tools here is the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00518-00136531-00136788 glossary so as I was saying this is kind
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00519-00136789-00137087 of all things you want all together so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00520-00137088-00137343 it's an additional resource you've
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00521-00137344-00137532 already done your assessment but you're
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00522-00137533-00137655 thinking about from your collection you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00523-00137656-00137811 can just go to our glossary look
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00524-00137812-00138762 something up real quick done like it has
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00525-00138763-00138906 a resource so you would like to know
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00526-00138907-00139128 more you would like to educate yourself
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00527-00139129-00139382 for it there so in your staff that you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00528-00139383-00139713 think they could benefit from learning
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00529-00139714-00139991 some more on conservation preservation
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00530-00139992-00140304 assessment project bibliography has
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00531-00140305-00140448 plenty of things it's broken up into
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00532-00140449-00140880 material types basically it just breaks
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00533-00140881-00141084 down a lot of different ways and keeps
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00534-00141085-00141255 you a number of different resources to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00535-00141256-00142403 help you out there and learn more and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00536-00142404-00142739 thus we've reached the format ID guide
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00537-00142740-00143277 so this is the this guy can actually
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00538-00143278-00143412 stand on itself the editors or
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00539-00143413-00143739 supplemental resources but this is meant
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00540-00143740-00143985 to be an independent thing as well the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00541-00143986-00144189 former ID guide is a dynamic and media
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00542-00144190-00144396 rich decision tree that I was users
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00543-00144397-00144516 various methods to assess their
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00544-00144517-00144909 collections so they can kind of pursue
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00545-00144910-00145068 the most appropriate flavor a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00546-00145069-00145434 preservation assessment if it sets
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00547-00145435-00145587 intend to be a standalone reference work
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00548-00145588-00145767 that kameez independently a piece apps
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00549-00145768-00146064 web application the format ID guide
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00550-00146065-00146268 provides multiple images for each media
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00551-00146269-00146508 format discussed and gives detailed
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00552-00146509-00146643 advice or material and format
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00553-00146644-00146949 preservation it offers high resolution
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00554-00146950-00147138 images like retina scans like a scopic
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00555-00147139-00147483 views and demonstrational videos enough
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00556-00147484-00147666 videos that demonstrate it's like
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00557-00147667-00147861 different this is the sheen on the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00558-00147862-00148188 surface of something kind of demonstrate
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00559-00148189-00148365 various things practical things that you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00560-00148366-00148509 might want to know or need to know as
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00561-00148510-00148863 additional support and all of this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00562-00148864-00149070 starts to narrow the field of selection
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00563-00149071-00149205 and provide users with more accurate
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00564-00149206-00150157 targeted scoring
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00565-00150158-00150566 so who can use the peace app may be free
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00566-00150567-00150793 and all this other wonderful stuff but
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00567-00150794-00151094 is it really just anyone yes pretty much
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00568-00151095-00151307 anyone with a computer access and as I
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00569-00151308-00151526 said computer here means desktop laptop
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00570-00151527-00151946 tablet mobile phone and it would kuzak
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00571-00151947-00152321 me specialist students volunteers anyone
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00572-00152322-00152468 has your institution pretty much and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00573-00152469-00152717 what institution is that pretty much
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00574-00152718-00152930 anyone libraries archives museums
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00575-00152931-00153155 historical and other cultural carriage
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00576-00153156-00153962 heritage institutions and i see that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00577-00153963-00154088 ryan's already been talking a little bit
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00578-00154089-00154280 and aside there about the structured
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00579-00154281-00154496 assessment so maybe this will help
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00580-00154497-00154856 answer some of those questions so you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00581-00154857-00155018 just kind of the structure of peace app
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00582-00155019-00155213 it starts at the top at the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00583-00155214-00155477 institutional level and begins as a fast
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00584-00155478-00155864 modular top-down profile building so we
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00585-00155865-00156032 go into institutions so we're thinking
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00586-00156033-00156239 organizations with posit or ease set up
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00587-00156240-00156359 at this level only needs you've done
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00588-00156360-00156656 once so you set it and forget it the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00589-00156657-00156827 data will be stored for you whenever you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00590-00156828-00157094 want return for locations here you can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00591-00157095-00157268 store information on as many storage or
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00592-00157269-00157595 exhibit spaces you have and resources
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00593-00157596-00157759 and then the notice is both the item and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00594-00157760-00158021 collection you can enter your resources
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00595-00158022-00158216 to be a test as individuals and through
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00596-00158217-00158411 collection sample surveys you can also
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00597-00158412-00158714 enter resources with both items and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00598-00158715-00158861 collection surveys for the same
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00599-00158862-00159632 locations looking a little closer at the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00600-00159633-00159956 institutional level assessment use a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00601-00159957-00160711 screenshot and things here involve
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00602-00160712-00160970 preservation planning levels of access
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00603-00160971-00161180 so who can check it out who can access
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00604-00161181-00161357 it under what constriction are
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00605-00161358-00161546 conditions or restrictions can one use
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00606-00161547-00161813 it that's one need to observe special
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00607-00161814-00162085 handling procedures before accessing it
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00608-00162086-00162332 marked the security of collections in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00609-00162333-00162671 security of individual items notes about
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00610-00162672-00162808 material inspection
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00611-00162809-00163077 and you can kind of register whether or
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00612-00163078-00163251 not you have a disaster recovery plan
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00613-00163252-00164209 set in place so location level and this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00614-00164210-00164398 would include considerations of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00615-00164399-00164671 different buildings repositories storage
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00616-00164672-00164952 spaces warehouses exhibition locations
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00617-00164953-00165351 so we'll see location's me and a broad
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00618-00165352-00165493 range of places you may actually have
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00619-00165494-00165784 self environmental factors here and ma
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00620-00165785-00166060 during is important so again this was
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00621-00166061-00166324 temperature got the humidity light past
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00622-00166325-00166638 can include things like off gassing or
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00623-00166639-00166798 things that are doing house near other
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00624-00166799-00167079 items or collections that produce toxic
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00625-00167080-00167349 and material damaging conditions and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00626-00167350-00167596 this is the area we'd also note things
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00627-00167597-00167923 about emergency preparedness so do you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00628-00167924-00168082 have a plan for where you might need to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00629-00168083-00168228 temporarily store books if there's
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00630-00168229-00169251 emergency if a protection or for triage
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00631-00169252-00169645 so at the item collection level this is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00632-00169646-00169876 based on format so there's a base score
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00633-00169877-00170176 given perform at type then there's
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00634-00170177-00170410 factors of environment so the location
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00635-00170411-00170698 is in its using access so how it's used
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00636-00170699-00170968 and how frequently storage and container
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00637-00170969-00171177 so how has it been stored what has it
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00638-00171178-00171528 been stored in or on and it's the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00639-00171529-00172278 physical condition
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00640-00172279-00172494 so after you go through all the work
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00641-00172495-00172644 setting up your account and answer
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00642-00172645-00172782 questions you'll be rewarded with an
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00643-00172783-00173025 assessment report so the assessment
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00644-00173026-00173388 reports include preservation q areas of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00645-00173389-00173724 improvement institutional score location
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00646-00173725-00174015 score item collection score and then
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00647-00174016-00175056 collection statistics and this kind of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00648-00175057-00175275 gives you a more screenshots better kind
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00649-00175276-00175575 of view of how that what you would see
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00650-00175576-00176463 when we say report here so I've
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00651-00176464-00176895 mentioned metadata before and it's kind
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00652-00176896-00177015 of one of the things that piece app
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00653-00177016-00177417 generates a bonus side thing so metadata
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00654-00177418-00177591 is machine readable information about
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00655-00177592-00177842 other information where this information
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00656-00177843-00178047 this information from transmitted
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00657-00178048-00178266 describes any aspect about any type of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00658-00178267-00178662 resource object after concept or data by
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00659-00178663-00178815 generating metadata records for once
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00660-00178816-00178992 holding it makes it easier for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00661-00178993-00179322 information such as finding aids and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00662-00179323-00179481 resources and collections to be shared
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00663-00179482-00179733 within in between institutions for small
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00664-00179734-00179853 organizations this can be a very
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00665-00179854-00180069 valuable wage both advertisements
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00666-00180070-00180240 Holdings to a wider body of potential
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00667-00180241-00180501 users and to work collaboratively with
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00668-00180502-00180729 other possibly local cultural heritage
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00669-00180730-00181128 institutions and agencies coming up with
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00670-00181129-00181347 ways to produce and store metadata is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00671-00181348-00181503 also very important to the long-term
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00672-00181504-00181674 access and preservation of analog
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00673-00181675-00182010 objects recording provenance and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00674-00182011-00182208 copyright licensing information for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00675-00182209-00182523 example storing information about
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00676-00182524-00182772 related components records information
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00677-00182773-00182988 for exhibitions so for museums such as
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00678-00182989-00183168 how exactly our installations should be
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00679-00183169-00183389 stored and relived in the future and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00680-00183390-00183618 what things are negotiable on that front
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00681-00183619-00183834 or what aren't particular we're talking
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00682-00183835-00184238 about digital material that may be that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00683-00184239-00184440 you don't have the equipment anymore to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00684-00184441-00184782 play it so this is for analog objects as
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00685-00184783-00184938 well as foreign digital materials and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00686-00184939-00185154 one digital could be audio-visual text
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00687-00185155-00185400 research data sets as many of you may
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00688-00185401-00185628 already know many new grants
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00689-00185629-00185961 as FA neh now contain a requirement that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00690-00185962-00186111 data produced through federal funding
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00691-00186112-00186276 must be made available to the public for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00692-00186277-00186444 free and must be sort on long-term
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00693-00186445-00186660 dedicated servers so as a result
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00694-00186661-00186888 institutions that previously did not
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00695-00186889-00187137 have the time resources training or in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00696-00187138-00187359 perhaps a desire to reduce metadata
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00697-00187360-00187527 records for their holdings are now being
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00698-00187528-00187722 forced to do so so that maybe some of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00699-00187723-00187920 y'all and you may be wondering how on
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00700-00187921-00188043 earth are going to even start on this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00701-00188044-00188280 but fortunately for these institutions
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00702-00188281-00188499 psf has an additional feature that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00703-00188500-00188697 integrates EAD and that's included
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00704-00188698-00188940 archival description metadata with the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00705-00188941-00189072 data it gathers through the assessment
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00706-00189073-00189297 process these have been allows one to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00707-00189298-00189627 edit and export records metadata so I
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00708-00189628-00189789 want you can see here it imports the EAD
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00709-00189790-00190083 files to add new data to them you can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00710-00190084-00190308 generate edit and export metadata easily
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00711-00190309-00190713 as both EAD and dublin core for both
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00712-00190714-00191037 individual and bulk records you can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00713-00191038-00191277 export data as a CSV making the data
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00714-00191278-00191592 integrate well with many AMS CMS's so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00715-00191593-00191712 for example it's compatible with
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00716-00191713-00192303 archives phase if you're interested in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00717-00192304-00192555 seeing how my data schema is compared to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00718-00192556-00192738 other the Library of Congress has maps
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00719-00192739-00192891 and style sheets for cross walking
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00720-00192892-00193266 meditate into other schemes so we have
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00721-00193267-00193500 EAD and DC there's also things out there
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00722-00193501-00193722 to help you convert them to if your if
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00723-00193723-00193884 your institution already has a metadata
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00724-00193885-00194217 skein it's not Sadie seed it should
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00725-00194218-00194337 pretty much no problem that at least
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00726-00194338-00194676 crosswalks in that data and you can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00727-00194677-00195078 check out of schemas like that CW a gr8
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00728-00195079-00195543 core PP Corps premise met mark 21 and if
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00729-00195544-00195735 you look at the handout it's got a whole
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00730-00195736-00196080 section on metadata so kind of if you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00731-00196081-00196337 want to learn more or maybe you want to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00732-00196338-00196533 figure out how to do the cross walking
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00733-00196534-00197498 for she resources there okay and just
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00734-00197499-00197787 kind of twist the end so what will peace
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00735-00197788-00198183 Apep help you to do well it will help
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00736-00198184-00198420 you assess an object you've never seen
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00737-00198421-00198585 before and don't even know how to begin
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00738-00198586-00199008 researching it will help you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00739-00199009-00199212 a collection with mixed materials in one
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00740-00199213-00199500 place so if you get AV paper that's no
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00741-00199501-00199848 problem you're setting up materials for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00742-00199849-00200003 preservation needs for any preservation
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00743-00200004-00200289 needs at the time of accessioning sets
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00744-00200290-00200433 and create records for collection in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00745-00200434-00200641 need of preservation conservation
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00746-00200642-00200895 purchase reading down here assess
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00747-00200896-00201084 collection to update conservation
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00748-00201085-00201213 knowledge and improve institutional
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00749-00201214-00201381 practice so this is one of things we
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00750-00201382-00201546 have the supplemental resources for if
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00751-00201547-00201750 you just keep going back if you're
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00752-00201751-00201996 interested or just just your own
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00753-00201997-00202272 curiosity or if you've got a new item in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00754-00202273-00202427 and you just need to know what to do
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00755-00202428-00202758 with it come over to us and also to help
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00756-00202759-00202923 you assess your collection for grant
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00757-00202924-00203112 purposes for example here to just cap
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00758-00203113-00204126 program we've just entered the testing
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00759-00204127-00204318 phase of development so we're really
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00760-00204319-00204507 eager to get any type of feedback we can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00761-00204508-00204696 from everyday practitioners like y'all
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00762-00204697-00204930 I'm about the tool so please let us know
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00763-00204931-00205091 what you think about Pisa app and how
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00764-00205092-00205235 you think we might be able to make it
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00765-00205236-00205436 better serve the preservation and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00766-00205437-00205667 conservation community I'll be on the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00767-00205669-00205817 connecting to collections for them and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00768-00205819-00205934 be more than glad to answer any
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00769-00205935-00206106 additional questions they are over email
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00770-00206107-00206521 my email address is e is ema NN @
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00771-00206523-00206919 illinois.edu so thank you very much so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00772-00206919-00207517 so you've given give some questions here
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00773-00207519-00207771 great thank you so much amanda i'm just
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00774-00207771-00207969 going to go ahead and jump in here at
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00775-00207969-00208160 this point who's Jessica again heritage
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00776-00208161-00208428 preservation early on we had a question
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00777-00208429-00208776 from Robert fort mill wondering if
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00778-00208777-00208937 there's any cumulative stats about the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00779-00208938-00209189 loss of archival material due to failure
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00780-00209190-00209556 to plan for disasters and Robert I can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00781-00209557-00209781 address that question on behalf of the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00782-00209782-00210158 Heritage health index report of 2004 we
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00783-00210159-00210279 know that forty-one percent of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00784-00210280-00210600 collections at archives are around 149
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00785-00210601-00210813 million items we're at risk because
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00786-00210814-00211014 institutions do not have emergency plans
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00787-00211015-00211242 in place and we're doing actually a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00788-00211242-00211496 follow-up survey this year I'm title the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00789-00211498-00211773 heritage health information 2014 survey
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00790-00211773-00211958 so hopefully we'll have some new numbers
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00791-00211959-00212159 coming out soon that will show us what
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00792-00212160-00212323 happened in terms of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00793-00212323-00212567 after planning within the last decade
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00794-00212569-00212809 amanda and ryan i invite you both to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00795-00212810-00213064 jump in at this point Ryan's been doing
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00796-00213065-00213298 an excellent job at addressing some of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00797-00213298-00213471 the questions that have been popping up
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00798-00213473-00213723 in our chat window but I think it would
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00799-00213725-00213873 be great if we could possibly even go
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00800-00213875-00214117 over some of those again out loud for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00801-00214117-00214371 everyone here in the webinar and if
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00802-00214373-00214516 anyone else is out there questions feel
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00803-00214517-00214639 free to go ahead and type them up in the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00804-00214640-00214783 chat box and we'll get to them before
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00805-00214784-00215119 the top of the hour alright so Amanda
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00806-00215119-00215948 and Ryan do you want to jump in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00807-00215948-00216432 hi everybody this is Ryan yeah I've been
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00808-00216433-00216567 trying to answer most of the questions
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00809-00216567-00216729 that come up but I've been informed that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00810-00216730-00217035 i should probably leave a few that that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00811-00217036-00217581 everybody would like to hear so you just
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00812-00217582-00218082 open this up so the question is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00813-00218083-00218211 temperature and relative humidity
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00814-00218212-00218466 entries are based on an annual average
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00815-00218467-00218904 is that true also is there an entry to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00816-00218905-00219467 enter time weighted preservation Oh last
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00817-00219469-00220140 hard Twp I value Robert yes index time
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00818-00220141-00220496 weighted preservation index value we
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00819-00220498-00220881 don't currently support Twp I value
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00820-00220882-00221279 input but I do think that that would be
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00821-00221280-00221628 it would be a very welcome addition to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00822-00221629-00222285 the program so yes we actually do ask a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00823-00222286-00222830 question about the annual fluctuation of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00824-00222831-00223121 of temperature and relative humidity in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00825-00223123-00223335 the environment but we also give users
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00826-00223336-00223731 and out especially in instances where
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00827-00223732-00224007 they might be placing or storing items
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00828-00224008-00224244 or exhibit Amandla k shins that don't
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00829-00224244-00224712 have say an HVAC system that gives them
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00830-00224713-00225371 a pulse on that so we allow quite a bit
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00831-00225373-00225840 of of a gray zone there and it does
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00832-00225841-00226221 impact the score but yeah hope that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00833-00226221-00227485 answers the question and let me see
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00834-00227486-00227757 okay is there a way to do a spot
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00835-00227758-00228016 preservation assessment for example for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00836-00228017-00228273 a collection of 10,000 photographs could
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00837-00228275-00228457 you get a score for every fifth item
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00838-00228458-00228762 entered yes Jennifer that's actually
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00839-00228763-00229237 that is how the collection and could be
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00840-00229238-00229507 thought of as sub collection or spot
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00841-00229508-00229816 preservation assessment component is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00842-00229817-00230173 designed that we kind of lead you by the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00843-00230173-00230586 hand through a statistically valid
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00844-00230587-00230887 preservation serve a random sample
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00845-00230888-00231103 survey of a collection or you could
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00846-00231104-00231250 choose to make it a little less random
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00847-00231251-00231427 and choose items based on some
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00848-00231428-00231730 curatorial concern and then as Amanda
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00849-00231731-00232023 mentioned earlier there will be
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00850-00232023-00232398 statistics and infographics that explain
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00851-00232400-00232825 just you know the margin of error that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00852-00232826-00233134 you can expect in that and how all of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00853-00233135-00233500 the hierarchy I mean all of the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00854-00233501-00233752 hierarchy of the location and the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00855-00233753-00234048 institution impact the collection as a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00856-00234050-00235684 whole because it's down oh I might go
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00857-00235685-00235825 back up to the top of the questions real
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00858-00235826-00236109 quick I think there's another one is is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00859-00236110-00236425 the information collected in the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00860-00236426-00236787 assessment publicly shared it is not
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00861-00236788-00237079 going to be publicly accessible you do
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00862-00237080-00237439 have the option to choose other users at
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00863-00237440-00237739 your organization to share this this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00864-00237740-00238357 information with though so I'm glad that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00865-00238358-00238594 you have that concern that you're
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00866-00238594-00238719 sharing that concern because this was
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00867-00238721-00238846 something that we went back and forth
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00868-00238846-00239059 about was just how watertight this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00869-00239060-00239188 really needed to be in terms of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00870-00239189-00239377 information security but I really do
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00871-00239378-00239701 think that to give everyone the freedom
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00872-00239702-00240096 to to really go for it and be honest in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00873-00240098-00240223 assessments because I think that there
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00874-00240223-00240654 is a lot of shame attached with a poor
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00875-00240655-00240889 storage facility or
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00876-00240890-00241319 a collection that's just naturally
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00877-00241321-00241657 deteriorated to the point of some of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00878-00241658-00242092 those that we showed earlier so is there
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00879-00242092-00242242 a way to add attachments to your
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00880-00242242-00242562 assessment namely a graph of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00881-00242563-00242836 environmental data over time or the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00882-00242837-00243364 layout of a room oh that is that is not
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00883-00243365-00243598 something that we currently have
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00884-00243598-00244065 facilitated in the program because I
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00885-00244066-00244306 there was some early discussion of that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00886-00244307-00244612 but because we don't know how many users
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00887-00244613-00244933 to anticipate truly and we are going to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00888-00244934-00245116 be hosting all the information securely
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00889-00245117-00245492 here on University of Illinois servers
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00890-00245494-00245994 once we kind of open it up to kind of a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00891-00245996-00246334 Dropbox for graphics images other
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00892-00246335-00246838 folders like that we we might be pushing
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00893-00246839-00247141 our limits here but that's not to say
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00894-00247142-00247483 that we might reassess that later on and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00895-00247484-00247798 decide to include an attachments option
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00896-00247798-00248329 but we do have a number of notes fields
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00897-00248330-00248548 and you can expand I think up to like 12
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00898-00248548-00248815 different notes fields as you are kind
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00899-00248816-00249198 of fleshing out a collection or item and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00900-00249200-00249696 you can include hyperlinks to online
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00901-00249698-00249867 information or if you have some sort of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00902-00249869-00250066 collection management system you can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00903-00250067-00250852 cross link so and next question what do
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00904-00250853-00251005 you recommend for an institution that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00905-00251006-00251196 does not have an environmental control
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00906-00251198-00251389 and is located in a hot and humid
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00907-00251390-00252079 climate we do actually have a we have a
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00908-00252080-00252463 environmental guidelines document that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00909-00252464-00252780 is presently available online in the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00910-00252781-00253057 format ID guide under supplementary
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00911-00253058-00253405 documents and members of our advisory
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00912-00253406-00253836 committee it's a broad schmear of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00913-00253837-00254098 library archives historical society
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00914-00254098-00254181 folks
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00915-00254182-00254721 represented on that actually works with
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00916-00254722-00255091 us to to craft these recommendations and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00917-00255092-00255471 we have a bibliography for all of this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00918-00255472-00255759 as well as resources for each individual
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00919-00255760-00255909 document so if you have questions or if
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00920-00255910-00256008 you want to take a little bit further
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00921-00256009-00256332 and learn more than what we cover it's
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00922-00256333-00256824 it's all there in the bibliography we
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00923-00256825-00257188 are conducting a move / inventory of our
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00924-00257189-00258105 archive and book collection in okay do
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00925-00258106-00258219 you maybe want to answer that question
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00926-00258220-00258408 real quick I'll jump off mic and all
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00927-00258409-00258896 I'll throw over to Amanda real quick
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00928-00258896-00259113 well I think you can probably read my
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00929-00259114-00259365 response but yeah we're doing testing
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00930-00259366-00259614 several kind of rounds of testing over
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00931-00259615-00259929 the next several months if anyone's
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00932-00259930-00260291 interested in trying to get in on that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00933-00260292-00260526 why don't you send me email and we can
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00934-00260527-00260904 talk about it so that will take place
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00935-00260905-00261114 over for the next several months and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00936-00261115-00261242 there's another question when it should
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00937-00261244-00261552 be officially done and by may I think
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00938-00261553-00261654 all the testing and everything should
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00939-00261655-00262155 definitely be done by May so okay yeah
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00940-00262156-00262458 yeah so we'll be live by March early
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00941-00262459-00263232 April right um just you didn't keep
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00942-00263233-00263856 tweaking things and this is Jessica
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00943-00263857-00264066 again I'm just going to jump in quickly
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00944-00264067-00264273 because I'm seeing that we're coming
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00945-00264274-00264543 close to the top of the hour and I just
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00946-00264544-00264782 wanted to go ahead and pull over an
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00947-00264783-00265326 evaluation link here we would really
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00948-00265327-00265524 appreciate your input if you have the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00949-00265525-00265709 time to go ahead and give us some
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00950-00265710-00266133 feedback on this program today and we
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00951-00266134-00266283 really look at your responses closely
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00952-00266284-00266466 and use it to shape our future events so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00953-00266467-00266607 hopefully this isn't blocking too much
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00954-00266608-00266865 of our final slide here but if you all
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00955-00266866-00267039 have the opportunity later on today to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00956-00267040-00267192 jump over there and give us some
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00957-00267193-00267335 feedback on the program that would be
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00958-00267336-00267543 great please go ahead and keep your
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00959-00267544-00267849 questions coming we're going to try and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00960-00267850-00268050 get to as many of them as we can before
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00961-00268051-00268257 they get to the top of the hour but
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00962-00268258-00268443 thank you so much to Amanda and Ryan for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00963-00268444-00268692 all of your your great responses so far
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00964-00268693-00268962 and just remember everyone that if you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00965-00268963-00269130 have additional questions that you think
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00966-00269131-00269433 of after the program's over and amend
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00967-00269434-00269598 and Ryan have listed their contact
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00968-00269599-00269945 information here on this final slide so
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00969-00269946-00270348 be sure to reach out to them are
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00970-00270349-00270612 continue the conversation on the c2c
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00971-00270613-00270798 forums and I know we're all really
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00972-00270799-00271085 excited to see this program come live in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00973-00271086-00271509 the coming month so with that um if
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00974-00271510-00271668 there's any other questions feel free to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00975-00271669-00272676 keep them coming
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00976-00272677-00273343 you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00977-00273344-00273529 so I saw the question about will this
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00978-00273530-00273806 interface with the past perfect database
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00979-00273807-00274288 I'm afraid of not so it's compatible
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00980-00274289-00274832 with some things like archive space but
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00981-00274833-00275176 yeah unfortunately it's not directly
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00982-00275177-00276491 compatible with the past perfect
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00983-00276492-00278179 you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00984-00278180-00278489 all the questions or am I missing some
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00985-00278490-00278830 other ones they've been so many which is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00986-00278831-00280246 great I don't miss something
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00987-00280247-00280672 so there's the question about what to do
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00988-00280673-00280822 an institution that you're serving
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00989-00280823-00281189 that's never done an assessment in order
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00990-00281190-00281315 to have the funds to hire consultants
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00991-00281316-00281554 that's kind of the concept of the peace
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00992-00281555-00282014 app which is you can do use this tool if
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00993-00282015-00282188 you're starting to say what can we do
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00994-00282189-00282478 now before the tool goes live in March
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00995-00282479-00282671 and April if you look at my hand out
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00996-00282672-00282872 there are some kinds of suggestions and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00997-00282873-00283490 partial solutions to the problem but as
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00998-00283491-00283766 far as how to do it all that that kind
+iyWpeinlBBQ-00999-00283767-00284077 of what we do it's pretty much exactly
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01000-00284078-00284305 the situation you've never had an
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01001-00284306-00284485 assessment you don't have the funds to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01002-00284486-00284717 hire consultants what do you do well
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01003-00284718-00284953 we've got a tool you don't need fun free
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01004-00284954-00285151 and you don't need particular skills to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01005-00285152-00285430 don't need a an expertise in all the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01006-00285431-00285910 material types and you can pretty much
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01007-00285911-00286190 set up anyone to help you do it so if
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01008-00286191-00286316 you never done an assessment before
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01009-00286317-00286568 that's fine and we kind of basically
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01010-00286569-00287797 walk you through it hmm sample Sam other
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01011-00287798-00288792 squish about the sample metadata
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01012-00288793-00289009 there's a question about the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01013-00289010-00289263 availability of sample metadata to test
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01014-00289264-00289609 compatibility with other systems yes
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01015-00289610-00290070 Jamie we can if you want to contact me
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01016-00290071-00290476 privately and I'll just go ahead and you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01017-00290477-00290989 could use the piece app at library Ln I
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01018-00290990-00291571 edu email and just hit me up right after
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01019-00291572-00291829 this and I do think that we actually
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01020-00291830-00292348 have some samples on deck for for EAD
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01021-00292349-00292861 xml and dublin core xml and we also just
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01022-00292862-00293437 have a CSV comma separated value output
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01023-00293438-00293731 so you can export all of your
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01024-00293732-00293965 institutional information if you want to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01025-00293966-00294145 walk away from the program at some point
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01026-00294146-00294337 if it's not right for you the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01027-00294338-00294508 information that you put into the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01028-00294509-00294742 program will not be investing it won't
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01029-00294743-00295027 just be lost in the ether you can export
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01030-00295028-00295339 it and and it's readable with Microsoft
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01031-00295340-00296098 Excel so that's an option to the do ya
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01032-00296099-00296575 do contact us today or next week and we
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01033-00296576-00297286 can share those with you and another
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01034-00297287-00297877 question can you share it to then pass
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01035-00297878-00298408 wit pass on to other end users yeah you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01036-00298409-00298642 you could ask someone at your
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01037-00298643-00298945 organization to set up a log into the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01038-00298946-00299110 program that's one way of doing it and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01039-00299111-00299263 then you could share your information
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01040-00299264-00299434 with them that way and that would
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01041-00299435-00299665 probably be the most immersive way but
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01042-00299666-00300112 we also allow the export of PDFs if you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01043-00300113-00300337 just want to give them the report let's
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01044-00300338-00300580 say if you are trying to talk to an
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01045-00300581-00300829 administrator or if you are applying for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01046-00300830-00301234 a grant a preservation assistance grant
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01047-00301235-00301585 then again there are people on our
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01048-00301586-00301717 advisory committee that helped us to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01049-00301718-00301906 design it this way so we kind of hit all
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01050-00301907-00302071 the metrics that are
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01051-00302072-00302407 very commonly asked for in these in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01052-00302408-00302652 these grant applications and proposals
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01053-00302653-00302935 you can share it that way you can share
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01054-00302936-00303450 it to the most high tech and low-tech of
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01055-00303451-00303628 folks that you need to share the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01056-00303629-00304438 information with can you recommend what
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01057-00304439-00304651 to do the institution that you're
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01058-00304652-00304948 serving never has done assessment nor
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01059-00304949-00305116 have the funds to hire consultants to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01060-00305117-00305281 carry out the work what did you already
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01061-00305282-00306093 answer that one yet okay think think
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01062-00306094-00306658 that might be yeah ok so I think that
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01063-00306659-00306826 that is all the questions that I'm
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01064-00306827-00307078 seeing unless anybody's got a last one
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01065-00307079-00307468 class 11th hour submission I don't see
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01066-00307469-00307708 any other questions either thank you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01067-00307709-00307903 both ryan and amanda for doing such an
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01068-00307904-00308188 excellent job of addressing them and for
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01069-00308189-00308359 each taking turns and addressing them
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01070-00308360-00308674 during the presentation itself as i
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01071-00308675-00308863 mentioned before if people have other
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01072-00308864-00309133 questions that come up when we're once
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01073-00309134-00309325 we finish up with our program here feel
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01074-00309326-00309469 free to reach out or continue the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01075-00309470-00309649 conversation on the connecting to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01076-00309650-00309949 collections forums and we're all really
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01077-00309950-00310159 very excited about this program and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01078-00310160-00310462 thank you both I minden Ryan for taking
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01079-00310463-00310834 the time to share what you done so far
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01080-00310835-00311098 with us thank you know what you're going
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01081-00311099-00311340 to go ahead and want and listening
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01082-00311341-00311605 thanks like we're going to go ahead and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01083-00311606-00312007 wrap up today's program I wanted to just
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01084-00312008-00312253 say thank you to everyone who joined us
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01085-00312254-00312526 and a recording of the webinar and our
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01086-00312527-00312790 related resources including the handout
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01087-00312791-00313030 that Amanda referenced will be posted in
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01088-00313031-00313342 the online community and our next and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01089-00313343-00313570 final webinar of 2014 is going to be
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01090-00313571-00313861 scheduled for Thursday November 20th at
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01091-00313862-00314140 two p.m. eastern that time will be
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01092-00314141-00314386 joined by Linda Schmidt's furry who is
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01093-00314387-00314581 the electronic records archivist at the
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01094-00314582-00314803 Smithsonian Institution archives and
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01095-00314804-00314989 Linda will be discussing with us how to
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01096-00314990-00315250 deal with digital assets so we hope you
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01097-00315251-00315408 all are able to join us then
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01098-00315409-00316738 but in the meantime enjoy your afternoon
+iyWpeinlBBQ-01099-00316739-00316945 you