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choose a sunny , open area . place the book open and upright . dry for 2 - 3 days .

how to deodorize a musty book 3

the sun can work wonders in speeding up drying time while offering an antimicrobial effect for your books . find a spot outdoors safe from animals and bugs , and place your books in the sun . this method is best for newer books , as old books can actually be damaged by exposure to sunlight . if you do not have an open area with access to sunlight , find a large , sunny window . with the pages facing the sun , place your book upright , fanning the pages out as much as you can . this will allow the maximum amount of sunlight and warmth to reach your book . the more warmth and sunlight your book receives , the faster it will dry . make sure the pages do not clump or stick together , as sunlight could encourage already - tacky pages to stick together . dry your book in this fashion for 2 - 3 days to eliminate any lingering odors or moisture . the sun will both dry and deodorize your book , while drying the pages will prevent the growth of mold . to prevent dampness from recurring during the drying period , bring books inside during the night and place them back outside once the sun is shining . if you cannot keep your books safely outside for this period , you can also use a large indoor space with access to a window .

eliminate fire and smoke hazards . avoid extreme temperatures and conditions . select a wooden or metal bookcase . dim harsh lighting . clean your storage space thoroughly . vacuum pages and binding with a handheld vacuum . wipe pages with microfiber cloths . brush with a natural - fiber brush . eradicate and prevent insect activity . search for staining , mold , and mildew . place books upright . group according to size . space books carefully . clean your books and storage regularly . adjust conditions as seasons change . handle your books carefully .

how to care for rare books

although fire and smoke are typically accidental occurrences , avoid placing books in a room or corner susceptible to smoke or fire exposure . books should not be placed in a room adjacent to a fireplace or wood - burning stove , nor should they be in an area prone to steam , such as a kitchen , laundry room , or bathroom . , refrain from storing books in a room prone to extreme temperatures . hot rooms might include laundry rooms , kitchens , and sunrooms , while cold rooms might include a garage , pantry , laundry room , or similarly poorly - insulated area . the ideal temperature for books is between 65 and 72 degrees f or 18 - 22 degrees c . keep this in mind when choosing a designated storage area for your collection . , rough shelving such as particle board can damage the binding of books , while chemically - treated or painted shelves can leach into books , causing staining , disintegration , or weakening of the bindings fibers . when choosing a case or shelf , look for smooth , sealed wood intended for indoor use , or smooth , enameled metal . , harsh , intense light , whether from the sun or from a bulb , can cause fading and damage to rare and old books . choose a space not regularly touched by the sun , and avoid placing heavy overhead lighting beside your books . they will thrive best in a darker environment , such as a corner or interior room . , whether you plan to place your books in an open bookshelf , or a closed case , make sure the area has been cleaned before placing your books into it . remove any dust from shelves , and wipe down all surfaces . cleaning the top of your bookshelf has the potential to rain dust upon your tomes , so make sure every possible surface of your shelf or case has been thoroughly scrubbed . use a small , handheld vacuum to gently lift dirt and debris from the pages and binding . for very old , delicate books , avoid pressing the vacuum directly to the books surface instead , allow it to hover just above the surface , moving slowly and gently from side to side . , microfiber cloths are both gentle and excellent for picking up dust . using a clean microfiber cloth , gently wipe down each of the books pages . this cleaning method should be conducted using gloves , as the oils present in skin can smudge or otherwise damage old pages . your brush can be a specialty brush , specifically for books , or even an unused bottle brush - - more important than its intended purpose is the brushs material . horsehair , coconut bristles , and other natural fibers will be gentler on the spine and pages than plastic or acrylic . , insects are often attracted to books , and can be found nesting or snacking on the pages , glue , binding , or cover . search for any small holes in the pages , small bodies , or egg sacs . if you find insect activity of any kind , place your book in a sealed plastic bag , and store it in the freezer for 2 - 3 days . upon removal , wipe or vacuum away any remaining insects , larvae , or egg sacs . place camphor - soaked linen on your shelves or sprinkle diatomaceous earth around the bookcase in question . this acts as powerful deterrents for insects , and mice , and both are safe to keep near old , valuable books . while staining cannot be reversed in most cases , it can provide insight into the conditions the book requires . water staining , for instance , will tell you the book may be particularly sensitive to moisture , while yellowing of the pages suggests a sensitivity to heat . mold and mildew are both brought on by warm , moist conditions , and may be reversed with cool , dry air . as with insect activity , place the book in the freezer for 3 - 4 days , before gently scraping away any remaining mold or mildew , or using a vacuum with a hepa filter . , books should be lined up vertically on a shelf , rather than stacked or set horizontally . improper storage such as stacking can cause the binding to break down , resulting in the dissolution of the books structure . , books should be placed alongside similarly - sized books to prevent bowing . placing large books alongside smaller books could , over time , encourage the top of the cover to sag outward , resulting in a curved , irregular appearance . if you have a wide array of sizes and shapes , group them according to size as much as possible , using thin metal bookends to corral each size . , spacing books loosely will allow them to lean , resulting in weak binding and warped covers . books should fit snugly against each other , but should not be packed in tightly , as this , too , could damage the binding . ideally , books should be spaced in such a way that they all stand upright , with enough wiggle room to allow a small finger to wedge between them . , at least once per month , go over your books and shelves with a light dusting , using a dry microfiber cloth . once every 3 - 6 months , repeat the cleaning instructions identified above , once again checking for insect or mold activity . , evaluate the storage space you have chosen during each new season to make sure peak conditions are kept . in summer , make sure the room is suitably cool , and in winter , make sure the room is heated properly . if humidity is a problem in some seasons , consider placing a dehumidifier near your bookcase . , although you may collect your books purely for show , many collectors revel in touching , smelling , and sharing their books . when you handle your books , do so with care use gloves , and avoid pulling on the books spine or pages . instead , insert your fingers on either side of the book in question , and gently remove it from its place by exerting pressure on the front and back cover . turn pages slowly and carefully .

fan out the pages of your book . use a hairdryer to dry pages . let books stand to dry in a spot free of moisture . use silica packets to remove moisture . try kitty litter . try baking soda . place newspaper between the pages . use fabric softener sheets . cut a small square of fresh , fragrant drawer liner . use strong essential oils . check storage areas beforehand . use appropriate storage containers . plan your shelving carefully . add dust jackets to books .

how to remove the mildew smell from books

stand the book upright on a table . fan out the pages gently . if your fingers cant disentangle pages without ripping them , use a letter opener and tweezers to separate pages . alternatively , blow toward the top of your book to fan the pages out . if you would like to speed up the process , you can aim a hairdryer at the pages of your book . keep it on a warm setting to avoid books becoming affected by heat damage . continue aiming the hairdryer at your upright book until the pages are dry . either choose a warm spot inside your home or place the book in the sun . only place the book in direct sunlight if your book isnt valuable . direct sunlight may fade the book and , especially for older books , this could lead to permanent disintegration , discoloration , and the curling up of the pages . ensure that every page is dry before returning the book to its shelf . you can purchase silica gel packets from an arts and crafts store these keep things dry by attracting any moisture . place these within the pages of your book and leave them for about three days . if you are worried about creating indents in the pages , only leave them in the book for one day . you will need a large container , such as a rubbermaid tub , and a smaller container . fill the larger container halfway with kitty litter , which will act as an absorbent . place your book at the bottom of the smaller container . place it inside the larger container that is filled with cat litter . leave the book to sit in the absorbent for a few days . check every few days . if the odor has gone , remove the book or books and dust off a new paint brush is ideal for dusting . if not , repeat until the book smells better . store in a clean , dry place to avoid reintroducing mildew . place a cup of baking soda into a plastic box or bin . place the book or books this method is good for more than one book inside and seal the lid well . let it sit for 48 - 72 hours , and then check . repeat this process until the odor is gone . another approach if you live where its dry and sunny sprinkle baking soda between every 10 pages or so . leave the book open outside during the daytime for a few days in a row , turning pages often . continue until it smells better . this wont work for all mildew or musty odors , but it can be helpful for some . this is not advised for valuable or antique books . place a sheet of newspaper between every few pages of the book . leave the newspaper in the book for three to five days . do not use this method on valuable or old books , since newspaper is acidic and may transfer ink to the book . these sheets absorb odors from fabric and they can do so for books , too . again , the oils in dryer sheets can damage books , so be mindful when using this method . cut a bunch of sheets into thirds , and put one between every 20 pages or so in the smelly book . keep the book in a zipper bag a few days , then the musty smell should be gone . try the following this method is good for preventing the musty smell of books as well––just put a piece of a fabric softener sheet in every fifth book , or so , on your bookshelf . place it inside a book . use 2 - 3 pieces , depending on the size of the book . then , place the book inside a resealable plastic bag . let it sit in a dry spot for a week or two . check to see if the fresh odor has been transferred to the book . continue until the book smells better . add drops of an essential oil like lavender , eucalyptus , or tea - tree oil to cotton balls to a sealable plastic bag . add the book to the plastic bag and seal . remove your book after a few days . due to the risk of oil spots , only do this with less valuable books that you want to read , such as textbooks . the storage area should be dry and temperate , as cold can encourage dampness and heat can dry out paper , causing it to crumble . excessive humidity is bad for books , so either find storage with low humidity or reduce the humidity . check the attic or basement for leaks , mildew and dampness . check your storage facility for bad odors or signs of mildew before storing your book there . choose plastic boxes if the storage area is prone to leaks or dampness . also , add silica gel sachets in case of condensation . dont overfill your bookshelves . ensure that there is adequate air circulation between books . check to make sure that bookcases are not standing against cold , moldy , or damp walls . these clear jackets will keep moisture away from your beloved book . its easier and cheaper to replace dust jackets than to replace the book cover or its binding , so dust jackets offer an affordable solution .

locate the original copyright holder of the old book . determine whether the copyright is still in effect . track down the copyright holder or his or her heirs . contact the copyright owner and explain why you want to buy the copyright of the old book . negotiate the terms to purchase the copyright . complete the purchase and record the transfer of copyright with the copyright office or other appropriate government agency .

how to buy the copyright for an old book

this will be the person or company you will work with to transfer copyright from the original owner to you . look at the copyright page of the book to find the original authors name and the original publishers name and location . this should tell you whether the author or publisher holds the copyright . contact the government department that handles intellectual property rights if the information is missing or illegible . you can request a search of copyright records to locate the copyright holder . the department may use a name like the copyright office . you can try the united states copyright office , the canadian intellectual property office or the german copyright and publishing law directorate . time limits on copyright vary by country . if the copyright has expired , the book is in the public domain , and you will not need to do further research . if the book is in the public domain , you wont need to buy the copyright . public domain books are the property of the public at large , and you may use , modify or republish the work . copyright extends beyond the death of the author , so you need to find the person who has the authority to transfer copyright to you . , you and the copyright holder can decide on terms that are beneficial to both parties . you dont necessarily need to hire a copyright attorney . however , if the copyright transfer involves a large amount of money or the copyright owner has specific demands , it may be best to have an attorney draft a contract for the purchase . the copyright office can provide the forms necessary to transfer the copyright legally .

wrap the books in plastic to protect them from water damage . sandwich the books in cardboard to keep them from getting bent . wrap your books in paper . choose the right size container . fill the container . tape the container securely . address the package . mark the package as fragile . consider adding insurance . track your package . ask for a discounted price for shipping books .

how to package books for shipping

a ziploc bag is perfect if you can find one large enough add extra padding by sealing a ziploc bag most of the way , inserting a drinking straw into the gap , blowing air into the bag , then quickly sealing the bag shut to keep the extra air inside . plastic newspaper delivery sleeves are also the right size for many books . put the book in the bag , fold over the top of the bag , and seal it with packing tape . otherwise , wrap the book in a grocery store produce bag or other plastic bag and tape the edges closed . cut two pieces of plain cardboard that are slightly larger than the book . sandwich the book between them to protect the cover . use plain cardboard rectangles , as cardboard with print or stickers may stick to the book or transfer print onto the cover . wrap brown paper , newspaper , or wrapping paper around the plastic and cardboard protectors , then tape it in place . this secures the cardboard in place and helps keep the book clean . pick a sturdy box or container with some extra room for packing material around the edges . youll want to make sure your books can lay flat and that the edges wont get squished or bent . line the bottom of the box with padding . then , carefully add the books to the container . add extra padding on top and around the books to keep them safe bubble wrap , packing peanuts , and crumpled plastic bags are lightweight options . crumpled newspaper works too , but the weight may add a bit more to shipping costs . damage usually happens to the corners of hardcover books , which can get bent or bumped as they say in the book trade . pay special attention to padding the corners . if you have the space , separate all books with their own layer of padding . one way to do this is to sort the books by size , in stacks , and wrap each stack in bubble wrap . close the box lid by laying the flaps flush , rather than weaving them together . place packing tape halfway up one side , across the lid , and down the other side . repeat with a second piece of tape in a cross shape . cover any flap or opening with packing tape to prevent something from catching on it and ripping it apart . for extra protection , tape along each edge seam of the box as well , but dont use tape more than necessary . its a nuisance if the recipient has to cut off yards of tape to get to the book . print a label or write the address and return information clearly . if your address label was printed on plain paper , it may tear in transit . tape down the entire label with clear packing tape . leave barcodes bare , since tape can make them more difficult to scan . while this doesnt guarantee that your books will arrive at their destination safely , it does let postal workers know to be cautious with your package . use a red marker or ask a postal worker to provide a stamp or sticker for you . if you are sending a large quantity of books or books that are rare or valuable , you may want to purchase insurance . the insurance will provide you with money back in case your package gets lost or stolen . in many cases , tracking numbers are now provided for free , but if they are not , add tracking to your package . this way you will know where your package is and when it gets delivered . the u . s . postal service allows you to send books , dvds , cds , printed music , and sound recordings through media mail at a discounted rate . the shipping container must weigh less than 70 lbs 32 kg to qualify for media mail . many other postal services also offer a discounted price for shipping books . be sure to ask a postal worker about this option , as it can save you as much as 50 on shipping costs .

give away unwanted books . check for size restrictions . divide into fiction and nonfiction . sort fiction by genre or author . sort nonfiction by topic .

how to organize a bookshelf 1

its easiest to part with books before you organize the whole collection . box away books youll never read again , or that youll never get around to . you can sell these or give them away at used bookstores , charity stores , libraries , or websites such as book mooch or book scouter . before you construct a master plan , make sure you know the limitations . some bookcases have shelves of different spacing , which may require keeping paperbacks on one shelf and hardbacks on another . textbooks or coffee table art books may need to be stacked flat in order to fit . divide your books to fit these restrictions , and treat each pile as a separate organization task . large , heavy books should be shelved on sturdy shelves , usually the lowest one . do not shelve them above head height . take all the books off their shelves and place them into fiction and nonfiction piles . youre usually in the mood for one or the other , so this makes it easy to browse for an impromptu read . divide a large , varied fiction collection by genre , keeping each one on a separate shelf or group of shelves . within each genre , sort alphabetically by authors last name . if you only have two or three shelves of fiction , or most of your fiction is in the same genre , sort by last name without dividing them . common fiction genres include mystery , literary , young adult , fantasy , and science fiction . sort your nonfiction books into separate stacks by topic . get a feel for how much you have in each category . ideally , youll want about 1–3 shelves in each category . you may need to think of broader or narrower topics to achieve this . there are many broad nonfiction topics , including gardening , cooking , history , biography , biology , and reference books . a specialized collection can be sorted with many subtopics . for instance , a history collection can be divided by continent , then country , then time period . if your home has more nonfiction than your local library , use the dewey decimal system .

gather a variety of cleaning implements . assemble the necessary cleaning solutions . choose an appropriate spot for cleaning . place the book in a padded wedge . record what needs to be cleaned . wash your hands . start with the outside edges of the book . brush the spine and outer boards of the book . use your vacuum for heavy dust or mold on the outside of the book . clean the dust jacket . clean the pages . address mustiness . use your artgum eraser to remove smudges and small marks from the pages . address insect infestations by freezing the book . employ a book cleaner putty for stubborn smudges . remove oil stains with absorbent paper towels . clean smudges off your dust jacket .

how to clean a book

different parts of the book will require their own cleaning methods . youll want multiple tools on hand to address any potential problems your book may have . an artgum eraser is the perfect object for removing small pencil marks , smudges , and medium - sized blemishes on the pages . a soft cloth such as cut - up white t - shirt works well for gently cleaning surface dirt . you can also try an electrostatic cloth for an option that both lifts and holds dirt . youll need a small , soft brush , such as a toothbrush , to clean bindings and page edges . if your book is extremely dirty or dusty , you might need to vacuum the surface . youll need a vacuum with a low - suction setting and a soft - brush attachment . a document cleaning pad , which is a sieved cloth filled with eraser dust , will help remove a layering of dust from the pages , as well as smudges from matte dust jackets . youll need a few different supplies to deal with your books various components and unique trouble spots . be sure to have access to petroleum jelly , a book cleaner putty , absorbent paper towels , and baking soda . once youve collected all your supplies , set them up in a well - lit , comfortable work area . youll want plenty of space to spread out in an area you dont mind getting a bit dirty . your book will need to be supported as you clean it . use pads that keep the book partially but not completely open as you turn the pages . this will prevent the binding from breaking . you can use clean , rolled - up towels to create a homemade wedge for the book , or you can purchase a set of foam wedges . check the book over and make a list of all the areas that need to be cleaned . place small pieces of paper in between the pages that youll need to clean in order to bookmark them . you dont want to add to the grime or oils that may be plaguing your book by touching it with dirty hands . even if you think your hands are clean , you have natural oils on your skin that its crucial to remove before starting the cleaning process . keep the book firmly closed and use your soft cloth or toothbrush to gently brush the edges of the pages . start at the top , or head , and wipe away from the spine . continue with the fore - edge , or the edge opposite the spine , and the tail , or bottom of the book . use extreme caution with any tears or damaged edges . use the soft brush to very gently address these spots . wipe the spine with your cloth or brush , moving in one direction only . in order to protect the boards , mentally divide the front and back cover into halves and wipe from that center rather than from one end to the other . if the spine has raised horizontal bands , wipe across rather than up and over the bumps . be careful of any damaged edges , leather corners , or decoration . avoid snagging the brush or cloth on these elements . ensure that your attachment is an extremely soft brush , and place your vacuum on the lowest possible setting . gently and carefully vacuum up the dirt , moving in only one direction . start with the head , move to the fore - edge , then the tail , and finally finish with the spine and outer boards . for damaged books , place some cheesecloth or a nylon stocking over the end of the vacuum . vacuum up the dirt on the medium setting without touching the book by hovering just above the surface of the book . many books now come with dust jackets . these paper coverings are generally glossy or matte in finish . while theyre attractive , they often get dusty and may also tear . use your soft cloth to gently brush any dust or dirt off the jacket . set the book in your wedges , carefully open the book , and turn the pages . use your soft cloth or toothbrush to wipe the page from the center of book outwards , removing dust as you go . if your book has a musty smell that you cant isolate to individual pages , place the book in a plastic , resealable bag with a sprinkling of baking soda or unscented cat litter . leave it in the bag for a minimum of 12 hours and up to two weeks . always erase in one direction only . use your soft cloth to brush away eraser crumbs when finished . while the eraser should remove most pencil and some pen marks , it likely wont take care of dark stains . dark ink or food stains may be impossible to remove from your book without damaging the pages . if any pages show signs of insects , brush off the insect or egg debris , place the book in a fully sealed plastic freezer bag , and then put it in the freezer for 24 hours to kill any remaining infestation . thaw the book slowly by first putting it in the refrigerator for 8 hours . book cleaner putties have the consistency of play - doh and can be purchased in small tubs . take a small amount and roll the putty in your hands to warm it up , then gently rub the warmed ball over either the pages of your book or a cloth cover . move in one direction only . oil and grease stains may be difficult to completely erase , especially if theyve had time to fully set in . try pressing paper towels in between the pages of the book , close the book , and weigh it down with a book weight . allow the towel to absorb the stain for 2 - 3 days , then check on its progress . keep repeating as necessary . if your stain is from food , remove this first . freeze the book for 24 hours and then gently scrape off the food with a plastic knife . to make a homemade book weight , fill a cloth bag with dry beans or rice . ensure the bag is sealed before use . depending on the material of your dust jacket , youll need to use a different material for cleaning . these materials will clean your jacket without damaging it . for a matte dust jacket , which will not be shiny in appearance , gently address smudges by shaking your document cleaning pad to release the eraser dust . then rub the dust onto the dust jacket , and gently brush it off when finished . for a glossy dust jacket , rub a bit of petroleum jelly onto any smudges with a soft cloth . use a different cloth to wipe off the jelly and fully remove the smudge .

sort by size . place books based on color . arrange by frequency of use . divide based on your reading plans . create a chronology of your life . reserve a shelf for your favorites .

how to organize a bookshelf 2

consider this if you have books ranging from trade paperbacks to oversize art albums . place the tallest books on the lowest shelf , placing smaller and smaller books as you move upward . this creates a tidy , organized appearance . on some bookcases , this is a necessity to adapt to the height of each shelf . this system looks great , but are best used if you have only one bookcase . in larger collections , they can make a book difficult to find . in addition , you need to consider that you may have to split books from a series , when they do not have the same colour . here are a few sorting systems based on spine color one color per shelf a blue shelf , a green shelf , and so on . if youre having trouble filling a shelf , wrap some of the books in kraft paper . a gradual rainbow flowing from one color to the next , or from the most saturated colors to pastels . a pattern that creates a flag or other simple image when the whole bookcase is filled . this is time - consuming , but impressive . this is a great system if you consult your books frequently for research or reference . keep the ones you use daily on the shelf at eye height . and a couple shelves below , where you can easily see and reach them . books you only use occasionally go on the lowest shelves . books that you almost never open go on the shelves above your head . if you have enough books to fill two or three bookcases , fill the most visible bookcase with the important books . if you have an even larger collection , this system may not work well . if you have a large number of books youd like to read , why not give them their own shelf keep an empty shelf on the same bookcase so you can slot the finished books back easily . you might want to revisit your organization once youre through your reading list , but this can be convenient in the meantime . fill the top shelf with books you read in early childhood , and move down adding books in the rough order you discovered them . this one works best for books with strong associated memories – and for people with strong memories as well . no matter which system you chose , you have the option of leaving one special shelf . usually the most visible one , this is where you keep your first editions , your signed copies , or the books that have changed your life .

create a dark backdrop optional . collect possible decorations . start with the largest objects . shelve books in different orientations . use small decorations for contrast . shore books up with heavy objects . leave plenty of empty space .

how to organize a bookshelf 3

the bookcase will look more striking if the backdrop is darker than the surrounding walls and shelves . consider painting the back of the bookshelves to create this vivid effect . for open - backed bookshelves , hang a cloth between them and the wall . know what youll be working with before you start filling the shelves . vases , fancy tableware , figurines , trinkets , candlesticks — your house is your oyster . gather more things than you think youll need , so you can test more options . vertical , straight - lined objects look similar to the books . this creates an austere , rigid appearance . a few bowls , baskets , or other round objects lead to a friendlier atmosphere . set aside the largest decorative objects , and oversize books if you have them . space these out along the bookcase , leaving plenty of space between them to create separate focal points . a zig - zag pattern works well , placing these on the left end of the first shelf , then the right end of the second , then the left end of the third . catch the eye for longer by varying the position of your books . stack books on top of each other on some shelves , and vertically next to each other on others . try a pyramid of books , topped with a small trinket . as you place your books , add a decorative object wherever it looks needed . use colorful objects in contrast with drab book covers , or vice versa . a pair of tall candlesticks frames a row of short books nicely . bookends come in handy and a variety of decorative shapes . alternatively , you can use any heavy object to keep your books in place . gaps often look better than a shelf clogged with paperbacks and origami . this is especially important for open - backed bookcases placed in the middle of a room , which need a large amount of space to let light through .

determine how you think of books .

how to organize a book collection 1

do you categorize them by story type , color , size , genre , title or author there are as many ways to organize books as there are people . what really matters though , is that you pick the method that appeals or makes the most sense to you . by doing so , this will trigger your memory and help you to locate the book you want quickly . the following sections set forth various tried - and - true methods for organizing a book collection its recommended that you pick the approach that appeals to you the most .

brainstorm names of potential people . make a list of people who are not appropriate for this dedication . make a list of the books themes . brainstorm reasons why you want to dedicate the book to someone . fulfill a promise or request . choose something thats not a person . start off the dedication simply . reflect your personality in your dedication . reflect your relationship with the person youre dedicating the book to . reinforce your books central message or theme . use a quotation or poem . browse dedications from your favorite authors . double - check spelling and grammar . finalize your formatting . tell the person youre dedicating your book to .

how to dedicate a book

make a list of people who you might dedicate a book to . these might include your spouse or partner , children , parents or friend . who is most important to your project and your inspiration as a writer you might have a person in mind who is the very reason that youve written this book . your book might be about that person or written in their memory . this person might be a natural choice for the dedication . consider if you actually know the person to whom youre dedicating the book . you can also brainstorm names of people that you dont know personally but whom you admire . the books subject matter , for example , might mean that a certain person is not an appropriate choice . for example , if you have a book with troubling or adult subject matter , you may not want to dedicate the book to a child . if you dont have a specific person in mind to dedicate your book to , think about dedicating it to someone who tirelessly supports the themes in your book . this might help you figure out who might be the best person for your dedication . you might dedicate a book to someone because they inspired you or because they encouraged you to become a writer . think about how certain people contributed to your overall writing career . think too about how they may have contributed to this particular project . you may have promised a spouse or friend that youd dedicate your first book to them . you may want to fulfill this promise by dedicating your book to them . similarly , someone may have asked that you dedicate the book to them . dont feel too obligated to dedicate your book to someone who asked for the dedication . it is a deeply personal process to write a dedication , and if it doesnt feel right to choose that person , you can choose someone else . be prepared , however , to explain to that person your reasons why they were not chosen . there is no rule that says you need to choose a person for your dedication . you might choose a pet , for example , or even an object that particularly inspired you as you worked on the book . for example , robin hobb , in her book ship of magic , dedicated the book like this to caffeine and sugar , my companions through many a long night of writing . many dedications use the words to , for , or in loving memory of . some of the most heartfelt dedications are the simplest ones , using only a few words . f . scott fitzgerald dedicated several of his books like this once again to zelda . king c . gillette dedicated his book , the peoples corporation , like this for mankind . if you are a very formal person , a light - hearted and humorous dedication might seem out of character . similarly , if you are casual , your dedication might not be overly formal . think about how to reflect your personality and character in your dedication . in the dedication to his book anansi boys , neil gaiman takes a humorous approach by dedicating the book to an unnamed you you know how it is . you pick up a book , flip to the dedication , and find that , once again , the author has dedicated a book to someone else and not to you . not this time . because we havent yet methave only a glancing acquaintanceare just crazy about each otherhavent seen each other in much too longare in some way relatedwill never meet , but will , i trust , despite that , always think fondly of each other this ones for you . with you know what , and you probably know why . you might write a very personal dedication , or you might even use an inside joke . carl sagan dedicated his book cosmos to his wife in the vastness of space and immensity of time , it is my joy to spend a planet and an epoch with annie . tad williams dedicated his otherland book series to his father in a funny and endearing way this book is dedicated to my father joseph hill evans with love . actually dad doesnt read fiction , so if someone doesnt tell him about this , hell never know . some books have a very clear theme and it is a natural fit to use the dedication as a place to thank someone for their contribution to that theme . for example , vaughn davis bornet dedicated his book , welfare in america , to someone who worked to improve peoples welfare he devoted his life to the administration of government and voluntary agencies formed to help the starving and homeless . for a childrens book about a rat , beatrix potter wrote a dedication to her pet rat in remembrance of sammy , the intelligent pink - eyed representative of a persecuted but irrepressible race . an affectionate little friend , and most accomplished thiefthe dedication to the first lemony snicket book was simply to beatrice - - darling , dearest , dead . the dedication for each subsequent book continued the joke about beatrices deceased - ness . this dedication helps set the tone darkly humorous and ironic for the whole book . there might be a quotation or short poem that you love , or that you think is particularly inspiring . you can dedicate your book to someone and use the quote or poem to say what you want to say . or , you might just use the quote or poem and skip the persons name altogether . quotations can come from someone well - known , or it could be a quote from someone you know . search online for book dedications and see how others have honored people in their lives with a sincere or humorous dedication . have a few other people read your dedication . make sure your meaning is clear and that things are spelled correctly . have your editor read through it . most dedications are centered on the page . some , however , might work better to be aligned to the left . for some types of dedications , you might preserve the original formatting . for example , if you are including a poem as your dedication , you should use the original formatting of the poem , rather than making up your own . let this person know that your book will be dedicated to them . you dont necessarily need to give them a chance to decline the dedication . but giving them a heads - up might be a courteous thing to do . fans might respond to the dedication – hopefully in a positive way – and it would be helpful if the person knows about the dedication .

blow dust off the edges . remove smudges and pencil marks with an art gum eraser . remove serious residue with absorene book cleaner . clean leather bound volumes . clean fabric covers . wipe with a slightly damp cloth as a last resort . clean off sticky residue . absorb smells .

how to clean old books 1

hold the book shut and blow the dust off each edge of the pages . remove stubborn dust with a clean , dry paint brush , or a soft , new toothbrush . this is softer than a rubber eraser , but you should still use it with great care to avoid tearing the paper . work with the art gum eraser only on one direction . if you dont want to visit the art store , you can pick up some pencil marks with a piece of soft white bread . this is a soft and pliable putty that will remove grime and smoke residue from pages and from fabric bindings . just roll it gently over the grime to pick up the dirt . apply a little clear shoe polish or cleaning polish with a soft cloth . test on a corner of the book first to make sure it doesnt remove any ink . wipe off the polish with a clean cloth after youve removed the dirt . carefully clean fabric covers with an art gum eraser or a slice of white bread . excessive dirt may require a cloth dampened with fabric softener , but be aware this increases the risk of damage or mold . make sure the book is fully dried before storing . this is only recommended on paperback covers and waterproof dust jackets . you can also try this on especially stubborn dirt , if you accept the risk of further damage . heres how to minimize this risk take a cloth made from microfiber or another lint - free material . rinse out the cloth with very hot water , then wring it out thoroughly . wrap a dry towel around the cloth and wring it out again . remove the cloth , which should now be barely damp at all . carefully wipe away dirt from the cover , and very lightly from the page edges . buff with a dry cloth immediately afterward . label adhesive or other residue responds well to a little baby oil or cooking oil on a piece of cotton wool . press firmly and work in until the glue lifts . remove the oil with a clean piece of cotton wool . oil may cause stains on some material . test on a corner first . if the book smells musty , put it in a container with something that can absorb smells and moisture . try a sock filled with cat litter or rice , or place the book on newspaper dusted with talcum powder . sunlight will make this most effective . dappled shade is a compromise that will reduce color fading .

start with a two - gear train . count the number of teeth on the drive gear . count the number of teeth on the driven gear . divide one teeth count by the other . start with a gear train of more than two gears . divide the teeth numbers of the drive and driven gears . if desired , find the gear ratios for the intermediate gears .

how to determine gear ratio 1

to be able to determine a gear ratio , you must have at least two gears engaged with each other — this is called a gear train . usually , the first gear is a drive gear attached to the motor shaft and the second is a driven gear attached to the load shaft . there may also be any number of gears between these two to transmit power from the drive gear to the driven gear these are called idler gears . for now , lets look at a gear train with only two gears in it . to be able to find a gear ratio , these gears have to be interacting with each other — in other words , their teeth need to be meshed and one should be turning the other . for example purposes , lets say that you have one small drive gear gear 1 turning a larger driven gear gear 2 . one simple way to find the gear ratio between two interlocking gears is to compare the number of teeth the little peg - like protrusions at the edge of the wheel that they both have . start by determining how many teeth are on the drive gear . you can do this by counting manually or , sometimes , by checking for this information labeled on the gear itself . for example purposes , lets say that the smaller drive gear in our system has 20 teeth . next , determine how many teeth are on the driven gear exactly as you did before for the drive gear . lets say that , in our example , the driven gear has 30 teeth . now that you know how many teeth are on each gear , you can find the gear ratio relatively simply . divide the driven gear teeth by the drive gear teeth . depending on your assignment , you may write your answer as a decimal , a fraction , or in ratio form i . e . x  y . in our example , dividing the 30 teeth of the driven gear by the 20 teeth of the drive gear gets us 3020 1 . 5 . we can also write this as 32 or 1 . 5  1 , etc . what this gear ratio means is that the smaller driver gear must turn one and a half times to get the larger driven gear to make one complete turn . this makes sense — since the driven gear is bigger , it will turn more slowly . as its name suggests , a gear train can also be made from a long sequence of gears — not just a single driver gear and a single driven gear . in these cases , the first gear remains the driver gear , the last gear remains the driven gear , and the ones in the middle become idler gears . these are often used to change the direction of rotation or to connect two gears when direct gearing would make them unwieldy or not readily available . lets say for example purposes that the two - gear train described above is now driven by a small seven - toothed gear . in this case , the 30 - toothed gear remains the driven gear and the 20 - toothed gear which was the driver before is now an idler gear . the important thing to remember when dealing with gear trains with more than two gears is that only the driver and driven gears usually the first and last ones matter . in other words , the idler gears dont affect the gear ratio of the overall train at all . when youve identified your driver gear and your driven gear , you can find the gear ratio exactly as before . in our example , we would find the gear ratio by dividing the thirty teeth of the driven gear by the seven teeth of our new driver . 307 about 4 . 3 or 4 . 3  1 , etc . this means that the driver gear has to turn about 4 . 3 times to get the much larger driven gear to turn once . you can find the gear ratios involving the idler gears as well , and you may want to in certain situations . in these cases , start from the drive gear and work toward the load gear . treat the preceding gear as if it were the drive gear as far as the next gear is concerned . divide the number of teeth on each driven gear by the number of teeth on the drive gear for each interlocking set of gears to calculate the intermediate gear ratios . in our example , the intermediate gear ratios are 207 2 . 9 and 3020 1 . 5 . note that neither of these are equal to the gear ratio for the entire train , 4 . 3 . however , note also that 207 × 3020 4 . 3 . in general , the intermediate gear ratios of a gear train will multiply together to equal the overall gear ratio .

wash your hands before touching your book . support the spine when removing a book from a shelf . dont write in your book . avoid reading your book in or near water . dont eat or drink while reading . avoid bending the spine too much . bring your book back inside if you read outdoors . avoid leaning on your book to write . keep track of the due date . return your book on time .

how to care for a library book 1

the slightest bit of dirt or oil on your hands can discolor or damage the pages and binding . work up a good lather with the soap . focus on your fingertips and the palms of your hands . rub your hands together long enough to sing the happy birthday song . place your index finger and thumb on either side of the top of the spine . then , pull it toward you . avoid pulling on the top edge of the spine with your index finger . you could end up tearing the spine . avoid marking the pages or binding with ink , marker , or highlighter . dont even make light pencil marks . you can unintentionally damage the pages when you erase . it could fall into the water and be completely ruined . if you need something to read near the pool or in a boat , read a magazine or newspaper that you plan to recycle . if you feel the urge to read something while in the bath , finish up and dry off completely before picking up your book . stains and spills are difficult to remove . they can obscure the text and make the pages difficult to read . keep the book away from your eating and drinking space during mealtime . forcing an open book to lie flat can damage the spine and cause pages to fall out . if a book is old or tightly bound , avoid cracking the spine at all . when youre scanning or photocopying pages , dont press on the spine . if the book is a paperback , dont bend the front or back covers . read your book on a flat surface whenever possible . otherwise , position your thumb on the bottom of one page and your pinky on the bottom of the other to keep the book open . rain and direct sunlight can damage your book . even if you only get up for a few minutes and intend to go back outside immediately , take your book with you . your plans could change or you could forget about your book . pens and pencils can leave indentations on book covers . if you press too hard , they can tear through the paper and mark up the book . lean on a table or desk . if thats not an option , use a folder , binder , or clipboard . make a note of the due date as soon as you check your book out . request a date due slip if the library offers this service . set an alert in your calendar with an alarm the day before the due date . ask the library if they send automatic emails when the due date is close . in many cases , libraries have only one copy of each book . if you keep your book out too long , its not fair to the next person who needs it . honor the due date . if you receive a recall notice , bring your book back as soon as possible for the person who requested it . renew your book if youre not finished with it by the due date . ask the library staff if you can renew your book online . if this isnt an option , ask if you can renew over the phone .

shelve all of your books alphabetically by author or title .

how to organize a book collection 2

this method will work well if youre good at remembering titles or names . putting books by the same author together helps you find a book in a series easily . this method is less successful if youre the kind of reader who remembers content but can barely recall the name of the author or the book . in such a case , youll need to try a different approach . alphabetical division may also need to take into account fiction and non - fiction division see subject method below for more suggestions .

place the books on the shelf according to size . sort books by color .

how to organize a book collection 3

it is best to put larger , heavier books on lower shelves and smaller , lighter books on higher shelves this is a basic principle to ensure that you stabilize the bookcase . this method is visually appealing and appears neat , as there is a size order . if you remember books by their size or shape , this method might be just right for you . for some people , the books color or colorful styledepictions on the books cover is highly memorable and instantly draws you back to each and every book read . and if you love arranging things by color in your home , this could be a great décor statement as well as an easy to way to retrieve your books .

sort your books by topic . determine the shelf space required for each topic . place the books by topic selection on the shelves , together with others of their genre . choose an identifying mark for each subject or genre .

how to organize a book collection 4

this means dividing the books into what you see as distinct topics , such as placing all the romance books in one pile , all the science books in another , philosophy , biographies , how - to manuals , etc . into another pile . consider dividing fiction and non - fiction . you might like to make a distinction between fiction and non - fiction books––this method tends to encourage this division naturally . such a division can be done on the same bookshelf , for example by placing all fiction novels on the top shelf and all woodworking manuals on the bottom shelf . or it can be done by using different bookshelves across the house , for example , keeping cookbooks in the kitchen and romance novels in the bedroom . its always wise to assume you need more space rather than less , since its likely youll add to your collection over time and somehow , stray books will always turn up in need of shelving in some cases , as shown in this image , you might like to add some relevant items to the shelf as well , such as figurines , photos or collectibles . this method is optional if its already easy for you to remember where youve placed the books by topic . but if you need to further clarify the topics , some easy methods to adopt include colored stickers choose stickers with permanent adhesive from a library supply company , or be prepared to cover the sticker in permanent tape . avoid packing tape and scotch tape as they yellow , crack and peel , while duct tape becomes gooey over time . colored cloth tape permanently adhesive colored tapes work very well for this task . written symbols use a permanent marker to write a letters or identifying mark for each subject or genre . for example r for romance , m for mystery , r for religion , b for biographies , etc . unfortunately , not all books are the same color , so what shows up well on one cover may not show up at all on a different color as an exception for books that use the same color as your label , consider opting for a white label and use marker in the chosen color . these are great to use if you move frequently and need your book collection to stay relatively intact when packed .

if you keep a book collection on your desk , organizing it can help make your work or study more effective . use a very small part of your desk for your book collection . arrange the books according to frequency of use .

how to organize a book collection 5

take a look at what books are currently sitting on your desk . what sorts of books do you consider necessary for a desk book collection usually it will be books you need to reach for almost every time youre at your desk , such as dictionaries , reference manuals , computer troubleshooting manuals , guides for writing , editing or calculating , books that are currently important for an essayreportbook youre preparing , etc . books that are not likely to be as necessary could include manuals youd check no more than once every few months , novels youre meaning to get around to reading and books that are more interesting than what youre supposed to be getting on with remove anything that isnt in frequent use or is serving as a distraction . the basic rule of books on a desk is to keep them to a minimum . the desk is an area for papers , the computer and spreading out open books that are in use . anything else is extraneous and risks getting in the way , especially with a small desk . ideas for shelves on or near desks include a small portable shelf that can be picked up by hand with the books still on it books held upright between portable bookends shelving hanging above the desk on the wall or simply leaning books up against the wall if the desk sits against a wall . put the most used as near to your reach as possible , and the lesser used but still useful ones can be placed further away from where youre seated . keep it simple . get into the habit of always returning books to their proper shelves after using . books piling up on a desk can demotivate you from getting back to study or work and isnt very organized .

this technique can also be a sub - technique .

how to organize a book collection 6

it only works if you store books in more than one place different shelves on a bookcase doesnt count , but different bookcases does . you may also have other book storage places . this is also similar to desktop organisation , but for the whole room . decide where you read the most organise all your books by how often you will or when you will next look at them . for example , if you intend to start reading a book as soon as you have finished your current one , move it closer to your reading area . however , if a book is a book you will only occasionally use arent going to read until you have read numerous other books , you may want to move it further away . remember that this technique can be used with other techniques .

dry out wet books . freeze books affected by pests . check for signs of mold . repair the books binding . seek professional advice .

how to clean old books 2

books which have been subjected to water damage , immersion or a spill need to be dried slowly and carefully . an airing cupboard is ideal , but you may use a surface next to a radiator or a sunny window . open the book to allow the air to circulate and gently turn over a few pages at regular intervals to prevent sticking . once dry , press beneath several heavy books to flatten pages and restore the appearance . dont be tempted to use a hair dryer , oven , or fan . this can easily damage pages and loosen them from the spine . if the book is full of tiny holes , or if bits of paper flake off when you move it , it could be infested with book mites or other paper - eating pests . to prevent further damage , seal the book in a freezer bag with the air squeezed out . place the bag in the freezer for several weeks to kill off insects and eggs . mold usually causes a strong musty smell . any book with warped binding , wet or stuck - together pages , or obvious water damage is also at risk of mold . unfortunately , mold damage is extremely difficult to repair without hiring a professional . store the book in a warm , dry location to minimize further damage . if you see a furry white or grey mold on the pages , gently wipe it away with a soft cloth . in severe cases , you can repair the binding or make a new one . while not difficult with practice , its best not to try this on rare or valuable books . any librarian or rare book dealer should be able to advise you on more specialized cases . if you have a valuable or antique book , consider hiring a professional archivist to make the repairs .

find the rotational speed of your drive gear . plug your information into the formula s1 × t1 s2 × t2 . solve .

how to determine gear ratio 2

using the idea of gear ratios , its easy to figure out how quickly a driven gear is rotating based on the input speed of the drive gear . to start , find the rotational speed of your drive gear . in most gear calculations , this is given in rotations per minute rpm , though other units of velocity will also work . for example , lets say that in the example gear train above with a seven - toothed driver gear and a 30 - toothed driven gear , the drive gear is rotating at 130 rpms . with this information , well find the speed of the driven gear in the next few steps . in this formula , s1 refers to the rotational speed of the drive gear , t1 refers to the teeth in the drive gear , and s2 and t2 to the speed and teeth of the driven gear . fill in the variables until you have only one left undefined . often , in these sorts of problems , youll be solving for s2 , though its perfectly possible to solve for any of the variables . in our example , plugging in the information we have , we get this 130 rpms × 7 s2 × 30 finding your remaining variable is a matter of basic algebra . just simplify the rest of the equation and isolate the variable on one side of the equals sign and you will have your answer . dont forget to label it with the correct units — you can lose points for this in schoolwork . in our example , we can solve like this 130 rpms × 7 s2 × 30 910 s2 × 30 91030 s2 30 . 33 rpms s2 in other words , if the drive gear spins at 130 rpms , the driven gear will spin at 30 . 33 rpms . this makes sense — since the driven gear is much bigger , it will spin much slower .

protect your book while youre transporting it . keep your book out of reach of pets and small children . store your book in a safe place . use a bookmark . keep your book in your bag when youre reading on the go . avoid lending your book to others .

how to care for a library book 2

if its raining , put the book in a plastic bag before taking it out of the library . if you dont have one , ask a librarian . avoid stuffing paperback books in your pockets , where they could get bent or torn . keep pens , pencils , highlighters , and markers in a separate compartment from your book if you put it in your book bag . animals can chew your book . small children can draw on it or tear the pages . if you share your home with animals andor children , place your book on a tall shelf , dresser , or bookcase when youre not reading it . as soon as you bring it home , put your book neatly on a sturdy shelf or table . dont leave it on a sofa , chair , or bed . someone may accidentally sit on it and damage the cover or pages . avoid places where your book could get wet , such as a sink edge or near a bathtub . make sure your storage place isnt near heating vents or radiators . heat can cause books to dry out and become brittle . any flat piece of paper or paperboard can serve as a bookmark . dont dog - ear pages to keep your place . avoid using a pencil or other bulky object . it could bend the cover or pages out of shape . dont tent the book open to hold your place . avoid sticky notes , which can leave adhesive on the pages . if youre feeling crafty , try making your own bookmark from any number of materials . you dont want to leave your book at school , on the bus , or at a friends house . put it back in your bag when youre finished reading . then , close your bag securely to prevent your book from falling out . if they lose it or destroy it , youll have to pay for it . many libraries will notify patrons when books are returned . if someone wants to borrow your book , tell them to ask the library about this service . you can also have them accompany you when you return the book so that they can check it out that day .

examine your book before checking it out . report damage discovered later when you find it . dont attempt to repair a damaged book yourself .

how to care for a library book 3

skim through it and look for torn or missing pages , large stains , pen or pencil writing , doodles , etc . check the covers for missing or defaced parts . if you find any of these , report it to one of the librarians . this way , they wont assume you damaged the book . not all damage is obvious when you first skim through the book . call the library if you find damage during operating hours . if the library has a special email address or online form to make reports , take advantage of it for damage found after hours . if all else fails , drop by the library in person as soon as possible to notify the staff . return it to the library as soon as possible . explain what happened and let the librarians take care of it . libraries can repair books with better materials and methods than you can .

use chrome to plate metals subject to corrosion , including steel , brass , copper , aluminum , and stainless steel , for decorative purposes .

how to chrome plate 1

chrome reflects brighter , clearer , and with less distortion than other finishes , such as paint . decorative chrome plating electroplates nickel and chrome onto a target object , such as a wheel rim or a hood ornament . the nickel is the source of the slickness , shine , and resistance in the chrome plating . a very thin layer of chrome keeps the nickel from tarnishing , scratching , and rusting .

choose between bonded and riveted friction material . think about your driving requirements when choosing a brake pad material . decide between organic , semi metallic , fully metallic and ceramic break pad materials . opt for semi - metallic brake pads for regular driving . review the entire break system when replacing the brake pads .

how to choose the right brake pads 1

all brakes need to have a softer friction material attached to the stronger metal backing plate . brake manufacturers use two methods to attach the friction material to the backing plate bonding with an adhesive or riveting with high strength rivets . theres no clearly superior method for attaching the friction material , but bonding allows the brakes to last slightly longer because as the friction material wears down , the rivets make contact with the brake rotors or drums and squeal a bit when theyre nearly worn out . by the time you hear the squeal of rivets making contact with the rotors or drums during braking , its time to change the brakes anyhow . bonded brakes wear down to the backing plate which usually ruins your rotors or drums if not changed promptly when the metal to metal grinding sound is heard when applying the brakes . purchasing replacement brake pads or shoes will require you to make a choice about the material they are made from . at this point , you need to determine how severe your braking needs are . some things to consider include how mountainous is your driving how hot is the climate you live in what are the traffic patterns you travel in how tolerant are you to brakes that squeal a bit do you pull a trailer behind your vehicle do you have to deal with deep puddles in the winter or rainy season before choosing a brake pad to shoe material , its important to consider the pros and cons of each . organic some cars come with brakes which are made from an organic material . this provides good life for the other brake components , but dont offer superior braking when pulling a trailer or traveling long downhill routes . additionally , organic brake material does lose a lot of braking capacity when they get wet . semi - metallic a better braking material is called semi - metallic , in which a composite of soft metals are embedded in the friction material which enhances braking . however , this does wear out the rotors or drums a bit faster than the organic materials . fully metallic the next step up in price , quality and braking efficiency is fully metallic brakes which offer great braking in almost any condition , but do wear the rotorsdrums faster . ceramic these are more expensive than the other 3 choices but do offer the longest life and best warranty . ceramic brakes tolerate very high temperatures with very little fading or loss of braking when wet . , semi - metallic brake pads tend to be a great all - round choice for commuter vehicles , and theyre very reasonably priced . most newer vehicles come with semi - metallic pads or shoes , as these are what car manufacturers recommends . even vehicle that have rotors made of harder metals tolerate the semi - metallic pads very well . however , if you regularly use your vehicle for more heavy - duty tasks — such as pulling a trailer up a mountainous path — you may be better off going for higher - end , fully metallic or ceramic brake pads . in other words , you need to seriously consider your regular driving conditions and how much stress will be placed on the breaks when choosing the right brake pad material — its a matter of safety . its always wise to consider the entire brake system when you perform a repair yourself or have it completed by a service shop . the brake pads can be no more effective than the quality of the rotors they contact and the masterslave cylinders that move the pads in and out to perform their functions . its also wise to flush the old brake fluid out of the hydraulic system when if the vehicle or truck is over 8 years old just to keep the moisture levels low and brakes working at their peak levels .

understand why you need to change your wiper blades . consider your options for changing the blades . know what part of the wiper blade youll need to change . look at the shape of the blade . measure or look up the length of the blades that are used on your cars driver seat and passenger seat sides . check for adapter options . consider cost . purchase and install the new blades . raise the metal arm up and away from the windshield , until it holds steady in a position perpendicular to the windshield glass . find a latch behind the adapter , simply press it and the wiper blade will slide down . remove the old wiper . gently rest the bare hook against a cloth on the windshield . clean windshield and blade with mild soapy water and clean dry with a clean towel or cloth . install wiper blades on the vehicle and remove the protective squeegee cover . place the wiper blades back onto the windshield glass lightly .

how to choose windshield wiper blades

the blade of a wiper is made of rubber thus , it will naturally wear out after several months of wiping off snow , rain , and dust , from your windshield . some consumers will take the car to an auto maintenance garage and ask the mechanic to change the rubber blades , or the whole wiper blade . the new blade will likely cost from fifteen to twenty dollars , plus a fair labor cost of around ten or twenty dollars . the alternative is to buy the wiper blades from chain store , or from the internet and install them yourself an easy process . in general , windshield wiper blades are made with three basic parts 1 . the lower metal arm is the part that extends from the base of the windshield 2 . the wiper blade is the part attached to the metal arm and 3 . the rubber blade is the part that actually wipes the snow , rain or dust off the windshield glass for you . many modern cars have curved windshields , so the blade needs to curve too , to make good contact as it wipes . there are many brands of wiper blades with various kinds of packaging , some of which you can see through and some of which you cant . straight wiper blades are suitable for car with a flat windshield , while slightly curved wiper blades may be more suitable for car with streamline windshield . you can measure the length of each blade yourself , but in general , most places that sell wiper blades provide a manual where you can look up the lengths for your car make and model . many wiper blade brands include more than one adapter type in their packaging . these are designed to make the blades compatible with various types of metal arm . different kinds of wiper blades can range in price dramatically . do a little comparison shopping to figure out what wipers fit your price range and are still of good quality . when youre ready with your new blades , you can install them yourself to save labor costs of a mechanic . the process is simple , as outlined in this section . be careful , since the metal arm is spring loaded and could snap back and crack the glass . , the cloth also protects the glass from being scratched , if for some reason the wipers unexpectedly swipe . , see the insert in the package for detailed installation instructions .

know what you are looking for . have a budget . check online classifieds . contact area funeral homes . call area scrap or salvage yards .

how to find a hearse

decide if you are looking for a new or used hearse . the most popular car manufacturers in the united states are cadillac and lincoln , but you can find custom hearses by almost every car company . determine what type of features you want . these can include type of upholstery . make . model . modifications . pricing can range drastically when trying to find a hearse . be prepared to pay top dollar for rare hearses . these include certain years , like the 1959 cadillac hearse , and hearses that have the tail fins on the back . these are collector favorites to find and hold onto . top of the line hearses can come with leather interior , mahogany paneling , and a variety of other features and are known to cost over 100 , 000 . a horse - drawn hearse can cost over 20 , 000 and there are less than 1 , 000 still in use by funeral homes and cemeteries in the united states . if you are a car enthusiast looking to custom build your own hearse , you may be able to find one at a scrap or salvage yard . these can sell for a few hundred dollars depending on condition . hearses are a very specific car and only a limited number are produced every year . some companies sell used vehicles through online auction sites or classified ads . there are also car clubs that may have listings of hearses for sale . they may be able to assist you with a dealer who specializes in hearses . some funeral homes will have several hearses in their fleet to accommodate the volume of business they receive and may have 1 for sale . they may have a hearse or several hearses that can be pieced together for a rebuild . they may also be able to help you locate someone who is selling a hearse or has various parts . this is a good option if you wish to build a custom one of a kind hearse .

make sure you can afford the vehicle . get pre - approved by a bank or credit union . check the kelly blue book to get an idea of the prices you can expect for a minivan .

how to buy a minivan 1

most minivans cost a bit more than the average compact or midsized car , so check your budget to make sure that it can accommodate the new expense . since minivans can lose their value quickly , a good idea might be to buy a used minivan . this way , you will know exactly how much money you can spend when buying a minivan . you are also likely to get the best rate on an auto loan when you use a bank or credit union to which you are a member . look at both the used and new sections under vansminivans so that you can compare the difference in price between the two .

make your own stencil . freehand your letters . cut letters out of fabric .

how to make lyric art 1

select your favorite computer font and print out the letters you need for your project . make sure you print the letters in size 72 or above . once you have your letters , cut around them to create a box shape . glue the letter onto a piece of cardstock . wait for the glue to dry , then use an xacto knife to remove the white border from your letter so only the letter remains . fonts with straight lines work better than fonts with lots of intricate details . use your letter stencils to trace letters onto a piece of canvas and paint the letters different colors for a cool piece of lyric art . to do this , you will need a pencil , an eraser , a ruler and some black markers of varying thicknesses . using your ruler , draw three lines on your paper a baseline , an x - height and a cap height . the base line is where youd like your letters to sit . the x - height is how tall youd like your lower case letters to be and your cap height is how tall youd like your capital letters to be . once your guidelines are drawn , make a rough sketch of all your letters . do multiple drafts until you like the way one of them looks . when you land on a draft you like , use your pencil to flesh out all the letters . make sure you make each letter the same thickness . go over your letters with your black markers . use your eraser to wipe away any remaining pencil lines . start by finding an alphabet template online . print out the letters and cut each letter with scissors or an xacto knife . trace each letter onto a piece of fabric . cut the fabric letters out using fabric scissors or pinking shears . pin your fabric to a piece of cardboard to keep it from moving while you trace and cut . if you make your letters big enough , you can use the letters to create a banner .

research galleries in the area where you want to sell your work . have your artwork shot by a professional photographer . make sure you know what to provide . time things carefully . have a mailing list ready of people you can count on . know what to expect when it comes to finances . consider the location . be a professional , but engaging at the same time .

how to send an art portfolio by email

if possible send a personal note or a postcard with images to introduce yourself . let them know you are interested in submitting your art for consideration and you want to do so properly . you can check in art listings on - line or local guides to determine what type of art they specialize in . can you see your work fitting in with the style of their gallery read what their policies are on submissions , contracts , fees , publicity , art openingsclosing receptions , insurance and collecting taxes . include some full views and detail photos . label each image you send with your name , title and media . they may also want a written artist statement , bio , exhibition experience . clear contact information and plans for the exhibition are a must . respect their guidelines carefully to make it easy on them . most shows set their calendars months even years in advance . be aware they be interested in you but for the following year . this will show that you have a following and possible clients . art gallery commissions may be set at 3070 , 4060 , or 5050 depending on where the gallery is located . do not try to negotiate this , as the owner event coordinator is looking at his cost , and profit too . if you believe it is too high , you may have to adjust your prices or look else where . art co - ops are another option to high end galleries , but you may need to work at the desk or hang shows . pick art avenues that are not too far away , so that if needed you can deliver the work easily , and figure in the cost of going to a reception , gas and overnight stays .

use hard chrome , also known as industrial chrome or engineered chrome , to significantly eliminate wear and tear on large machines , such as those made of steel .

how to chrome plate 2

hard chrome is not harder than other chrome plating , but rather thick enough that its hardness can be tested . hard chrome coats in measurements in the thousandths as opposed to the millionths in decorative plating .

to make 1 gallon 3 . 79 l of solution , mix 33 ounces 936 grams of chromic acid and . 33 ounce 9 . 36 mm to distilled water . mix solution in immersion tank used for materials testing andor chemical treatments .

how to chrome plate 3

proportions will vary slightly according to the metal surface being plated . degrease and clean objects thoroughly before immersion in process . when preparing chromic plating solution , add fluids slowly and carefully so as not to create a splash . remember that this solution is a human carcinogen . handle the process and chemicals carefully because the solution is capable of ignition and fire and of interacting with many other chemicals to produce additional risks .

dissolve plates of nickel in chromicsulfuric solution . run a positive charge from a power source through the chromic plating solution . attach a negative anode to the object intended for plating and submerge the object into solution . rinse object in agitating running water , and , then , rinse again .

how to chrome plate 4

, a negative charge will attract the positively charged metals to the object . the thickness of the plating is determined by the length of time in the electroplating process . keep the temperature for the solution between 95 and 115 degrees fahrenheit 35 to 46 degrees celsius for decorative chrome . keep temperature between 120 and 150 degrees fahrenheit 49 to 66 degrees celsius for hard chrome . do not prepare or handle chemicals unless you are wearing a respirator and other safety equipment .

learn the difference between brake pads and brake shoes . understand why disc brakes are superior to drum brakes .

how to choose the right brake pads 2

brake pads and brake shoes are different from one another . the brake pad is built for disc brakes found on most front axles of cars and trucks . brake shoes , on the other hand , are built for drum brakes which are often found on the back axles of cars and trucks . the reason behind these two different designs can be found by examining the braking sequence when you actuate the brakes of your vehicle , the disc brake pads or brake shoes have to slow down the brake rotors or drums mounted between tire rims and the suspension . the friction of the disc pads squeezing the rotors or pushing the brake shoes outward on the drums in order to slow the vehicle down causes the disk pads or shoes to get really hot . on long downhill runs , there is a lot more stress placed on the front brakes and therefore the front brake pads than on the back brakes . for this reason , a superior braking method is required for the front brakes in order to handle this extra stress . as mentioned above , the disc brakes located at the front of the vehicle are required to handle more stress than the drum brakes at the rear of the vehicle . as a result , they need to be of a higher quality . disc brakes were developed by race car and aircraft designers who wanted to find the best way of slowing down the machine without burning up the brake shoes . they were later introduced to the front axles of commercial vehicles in order to reduce the wear - and - tear on the front brakes . the rear axle , on the other hand , doesnt have nearly as much force on it during braking , and since brake drums are cheaper and easier to manufacture , these are the more common form of brakes on the rear of most passenger cars and trucks . however , more modern performance cars and heavy duty trucks usually have disc brakes on both axles front and rear because of their superior braking capacity . disc brakes handle heat a bit better than drum brakes too , which means they still work well when theyre hot . any braking system can develop fading from heat or water but disc brakes recover from those two issues quicker than drum brakes .

think about the number of seats you need . choose a minivan that has the door style you like . determine the safety features that appeal to you .

how to buy a minivan 2

most minivans feature 7 seats , but a few models boast 8 or 9 . most minivans allow you to easily remove or fold down at least one row of seats , which is something to consider if you want extra cargo space and only need seating for 4 or 5 people . some vans only have a sliding door on one side , while other newer models offer doors on both sides of the vehicle . some minivans allow you to open the doors with the press of a button . rear backup alert systems , traction control , and headlights that stay on in the day can all make it a bit easier to drive safely . you should also consider whether you need side air bags , or perhaps the kind that can sense whether there is a passenger in the seat . make sure it has a rearview camera - rearward visibility in a minivan when reversing is minimal at best .

read reviews written by automobile professionals and minivan owners before you buy . ask friends and family members who own minivans about their vehicles . test drive the minivan before you buy one . try using the manufacturers car configurator if you are looking to buy a new minivan .

how to buy a minivan 3

these should provide the pros and cons of the models that interest you . reviews can be found on websites and in magazines . get an idea of their likes and dislikes before buying a minivan , as they may point out the factors that you never considered . for example , the vehicle might not handle very well uphill , or it might not feel as spacious as it looks . listen for any odd sounds during the drive , and pay attention to how it handles turns and rough terrain . imagebuy a minivan step 9 version ,

pick a car lot that sells the minivan you want . bring your pre - approval letter if your own bank has already agreed to extend you credit . consider trading in your old vehicle to make the minivan more affordable . take the kelly blue book with you when you make your purchase .

how to buy a minivan 4

some lots only sell sedans , sports cars and full - sized vans , or do not have a large selection of minivans if they sell them at all . apply for credit at the lot if you did not get pre - approved , unless you are able to pay the entire cost of the minivan upfront . if you do not like the offer given for the old car , consider selling it on your own unless you plan to keep it . this allows you to show the salesperson the price you were expecting if he told you a much higher one . if the dealership is unwilling to negotiate , check out a different lot until you see a price you like . while kelly blue book is a good resource outlet . they are just that . they do not sell or buy vehicles , nor do they consider , in most cases , many of the reasons that one vehicle may be higher that another from lot to lot , or even on the same lot .

cut your lyrics out of felt . paint your favorite lyrics on a canvas . use stickers to create your lyrics .

how to make lyric art 2

to complete this project , youll need a picture frame , poster board , glue , scissors and different colored sheets of felt . pick your favorite line from a song . then trace the words onto the pieces of felt . glue the letters in the correct order onto your poster board , then frame and hang the picture . try to create some variety in the colors you use for each letter . shorter lines from songs generally work better . try home is wherever im with you or all the single ladies . to make your felt letters as uniform as possible , remember to use an alphabet template to create the letters . for this project , youll need black acrylic paint , small paint brushes and a white canvas . freehand your favorite lyrics on the canvas using your paintbrush and being cognizant of spacing . after the art dries , hang it or prop it up against a wall . the bigger the canvas , the more impactful the art , but you can do this project with any size canvas . if you have bad handwriting , ask a friend to paint the lyrics for you . you can also try using a stencil . for this project youll need a square canvas , 2 inch vinyl alphabet stickers , a small paintbrush and white acrylic wall paint . once youve selected your song lyrics , position your stickers to spell out the lyrics on your canvas . lightly brush your canvas with the paint . when the paint has dried , peel the letters off and hang the canvas . you can use a ruler to help center the letters or do it by hand for a more casual look . if you need assistance peeling the letters off your canvas , use tweezers . double check to make sure you have all the letters you need before beginning to paint .

paint a globe . decorate a pillow with your favorite song lyrics . write your favorite song lyrics on a coffee cup .

how to make lyric art 3

for this project youll need a globe , black and aqua acrylic paint , gold spray paint and a gold pen . use a thin paintbrush to outline all the continents in black . then use a larger paintbrush to fill in the oceans with black paint . paint the continents using aqua paint . allow the globe to dry , then remove it from its stand and balance it on a bowl so you can paint antarctica and the north pole . while your globe is drying , spruce up the stand using the spray paint . when the globe is dry , reattach it to its stand and use your sharpie to freehand your song lyrics across the globe . depending on your globe , you may need more than one coat of paint . you can substitute these colors for other colors if you prefer . for this project , you will need a freshly washed and ironed white pillowcase and a black sharpie fabric pen . choose a song lyric that is particularly meaningful to you and using your sharpie pen , write it across both sides of the pillowcase . place a sheet of cardboard between the pillowcase to keep the words from bleeding onto the other side . depending on your preferences , you can use a ruler to center the words , or freehand it . give your pillowcase 24 hours to dry before washing . for this project , all youll need is a white coffee mug and food safe permanent markers . wipe down your coffee mug , then use your favorite lyrics to create a design on your cup . bake your mug at 375 degrees for 40 minutes . be careful not to smudge your design the marker will still be wet until after your bake your mug . to keep your mug from cracking , allow it to heat up and cool down in the oven .

type your favorite lyrics in word . use an app . look for art online .

how to make lyric art 4

open a word document and type in your favorite song lyrics . play around with font , size , color and spacing until you find a design you like . print your document on cardstock before framing and hanging it on your wall . if youre familiar with photoshop , you can work inside this program . experiment with layering your text over pictures . if you decide not to print professionally , make sure to utilize a high - resolution printer . otherwise , your art will come out looking grainy . download word swag or a similar app on your phone or ipad . select a photo or background from their selection , or upload your own from your photo library . type your lyrics on top of the picture and use the apps features to edit your design . when youre happy with your final product , print it out and hang it up . try sending your art off to be printed on something fun like a magnet or t - shirt . you can also use your art as the background on your phone or computer . depending on what your lyrics are , there may already be free art available for you on the internet . google the lyrics you intend to use to see if there is a free art print download . if so , download the print , frame it and display it in your home . this method is most effective if you are looking for lyrics like , you are my sunshine or shake it off . it is not legal to make money off of someone elses work , so do not sell the art to anyone else .

study the script . ask the director about any plans , themes , or necessary props heshe wants to be incorporated . sketch a mock - up of the set design . decide if youre going to build the set or use an existing location . draft a budget for your set design .

how to make a movie set 1

the script is the most important part of a movie . it has information about the story , characters , plot and all the things that will happen in the movie . studying the script thoroughly will you give you an idea about how the set should look . take detailed notes on the script , making a list of the following the setting . this includes the time period , geography , and ambiance . crucial background props . what props are named in the script what parts of the scene do the character need to interact with a tv , an oven , the blinds , etc . the mood of the script . comedic and light dark and serious somewhere in between this will profoundly impact your color choices . how many characters will need to fit into the space . if it is too big , the actors can be swallowed by the space , but if it is too small it will be awkward to film in . remember , you can also use space size as a stylistic or symbolic element . will the location need to be designed from the ground up like a spaceship or can they be adapted from pre - set locations , such as a house you must remember that , above all , you are there to contribute to the directors vision for the movie . they may give you some pointers , or they may give you free reign to do what you want . some directors , like wes anderson grand budapest hotel , rushmore , have detailed and meticulous approaches to set design . other just want an unobtrusive , natural looking environment . you should ask about any tone , mood , or theme heshe wants to keep . any color palettes that should remain consistent . the movie the fall , for example , uses deep , contrasting primary colors to distinguish its locations and characters . the budget . how much money do you have on props and set decoration extra propsfurniture . is there anything the character uses that isnt in the script there is a variety of ways to do this , but your basic goal is the same show the director the set before you spend a dime . the most common professional way to do this is through sketch - up , which is an architectural drawing of the scene , like this one for good night , and good luck . this , however , takes a lot of time , and may be counterproductive for smaller movies . you can also tryphotography . create a small book of photos of props , locations , and rooms found online or in real life , then talk to the director about ways to redesign the rooms in the photos to fit the movie . you can also cut and paste photos together . drawing . simply sketch out the rooms on pencil and paper . you usually want a top down view of the set , listing all furniture , walls , doors , and windows , and a more artistic , cinematic drawing of the room . other films . pull up clips and shots from other movies you might want to emulate , then discuss how youd change things to make them unique . showing the director other movies can give a sense of how set design impacts the final film . there are pros and cons to both strategies , and you may use both existing locations and pre - built sets on the same movie . this is the most crucial decision youll make when designing a movie set , as it will wildly affect the budget , scene , and filmmaking process . this decision is almost always made with the director . building a set this gives you full control over the set design . usually , you build a 3 - walled room , like a theater stage , then stock it will all of your props and designs . the camera crew then uses the space of the missing 4th wall to film . while the creative freedom is great , set building is expensive and takes a lot of time to get right . shooting on location this is when you adapt a pre - existing location into a set . it is cheaper and faster , than set building , but comes with its own concerns . you must be sure you have permission to shoot there , and that the set wont be altered or adapted while youre not filming . you also need to be sure that actors , cameras , lights , and sound equipment can all fit , and you can make any changes necessary for the film . though budgeting is usually the least fun part the whole process , it is an essential skill for everyone involved in filmmaking . you do not want to be halfway through a set or movie and realize youve run out of money for an essential prop , and the only way to avoid this is to budget . go online to check out prices of essential props and think about which ones you can make yourself . make sure youve called and checked if there are any fees to use existing locations as well .

protect your images . open accounts on social media sites like facebook , linkedin and twitter . create a website . post artwork on a free online art database like visual art source , deviant art or art 3000 . blog about art . sell work on ebay . make you tube videos of paintings in progress . submit your art to an online magazine .

how to put artists work online

you can watermark your images using photoshop or googles picasa picture program . always attribute the image of artwork to an artist . you want your photos to be shared , but it is essential that the artists name follows that image as it gets passed on . some artists choose to encrypt them on their website however , this may inhibit sharing an artists work through some of the art channels in this article . if you are an artist , create pages on all of these sites to share your artwork to different audiences . if you are running a gallery , make sure you have a page dedicated to your gallery on more than 1 social media site , where you can post artwork from many artists and update fans on your gallerys events . when you are naming your social media sites , make sure your username is close to your own name or your gallerys name in order to create a brand that users can easily recognize . facebook allows you to create fan pages or group pages . fan pages are designed for businesses because people dont have to ask to see your pictures and contact you , where group pages are designed to promote discussion based on a selected topics and you must request to join to see content . when you create your facebook account , whether you are an artist or gallery , you are technically a business that wants to get images out to a wide audience , so choose the fan page rather than a group page . post albums of pictures on your facebook fan page every few weeks . make sure to post links to your site , comments or single pictures at least 3 times a week , to ensure your fan page will show up on your fans home pages . create an invitation to gallery events or open studios and invite all of your fans . encourage the fans of your page to invite other people . look into facebooks low - cost , click - based advertising system for fan pages , if you are getting a lot of interest directed to your site from facebook . they will use a photo of your choice to create an ad that will appear in the right hand column of facebook pages for the demographic of your choice . twitter is a great option for networking within the gallery or art community . you can follow art fans , and they may follow you in turn . most of the art is shared through links so it will need to be posted on a website or blog first . the link will redirect followers to the art . to have success with a twitter account , you need to post links to artwork on a website every day or every other day . twitter moves very quickly and old posts are hard to find . linkedin is a professional networking tool . the user base is slightly higher in age than twitter or facebook . linkedin is especially useful for galleries because it focuses on business details of the gallery . you can connect with current and past employees and current artists . people on linkedin choose to follow businesses to see their news . galleries can post links to their website and they can post press releases or links to news stories about artists . although there are few places to post pictures on the site , like twitter , you can use links that lead to your website to connect your followers to your images . like most businesses in the 21st century , galleries must have websites to promote themselves and their events online . although some older clientele rely on postal mailings and email or written newsletters , the internet is highly visual and allows galleries to advertise a large amount of their artists work . it is a good idea to pay a professional to produce a visually stunning website that will enhance the artists work rather than detract from it . artists and art students can also make websites using template systems , like artdealers . com or other peoples pixels , or a gallery database like masterpiece online . you can also buy a domain name and produce the site on your own if you are familiar with website development . there are a growing number of website - making companies that cater to artists . they can produce slide shows and use high - resolution images for a fee of around 200 123 pounds or 139 euros or more per year . some sites will give you a free 30 day trial before committing to the site . you may also receive a url with your name in it , which will help people to find you more easily on the internet . sign up for an account , upload art , and spread links to the work online . a limited amount of artwork posting may be free , but posting a portfolio usually comes with a fee . wordpress , blogger or other free blogging sites design templates for artists and art lovers . sign up for a free account and choose a theme that focuses on photography or art and allows you to upload large pictures . blogging must be done on a consistent daily , or at least weekly , basis to develop a fan base . start an account with ebay and set it up to receive funds . a growing number of artists now bypass galleries and go straight to auctions on ebay . this is a great option for a prolific artist who produces art on a consistent basis . at the beginning , these ebay art auctions will produce low bids and then the bids increase as the artist develops a fan base . set a low minimum bid to start with and then raise it as the number of bids increases . art collectors love to see artists in the process of making their art . videos are great marketing tools that can be featured on facebook , blogs or on websites . for example , square cylinder , juxtapose , art net , art limited and visual art source all cater to artists and art events . many of these sites offer artist user accounts . sign up for free , choose if you want the basic account or if you want to upgrade and then upload a portfolio . the magazines readers can browse through the artist lists to find you . find the contact us section of these websites to submit art story ideas . you can often submit events through an online form and upload images of your work .

go location scouting . discuss what parts of the room you want to use . think of the rooms lines when designing . build , design , or buy essential crafts and props . remember that less is more . remove or cover up any brand images . light the set with the cinematographer .

how to make a movie set 2

grab a nice camera and hit the road . try and get 2 - 3 set options for each scene you have to design . take shots of every single angle of the room , using as much lighting as you possibly can , so that the director knows exactly what the space looks like . on the way take pictures of furniture , decorations , or props that you think are a good fit in the set . other things to jot down include the dimensions of the space . whenever possible , make accurate measurements with a tape measure - - there is a lot of film equipment youll need to fit in the set . any fees or stipulations for the set . for example , you might be able to shoot in a public school classroom during the summer , but it will be nearly impossible to film in fall when all the students are back . what are the power capabilities of the set you need to plug a lot of things in to make a movie . hows the ambient sound will people be walking through the set , and is that okay for the script in most cases you will need to design 2 - 3 walls , such as the ones behind two chatting characters . however , if the director wants to use the entire room for filming then you need to be sure that the entire set looks like it could be in a movie . where are the characters moving through the set this is called blocking , and you should push the director to make a decision now so that you arent redesigning the set on the fly when shooting starts . lines create the illusion of movement for the audience , which makes a set design dramatic and engaging . line is everywhere - - the tops of couches , the floorboards , the horizon - - so dont interpret this as pinstripes . remember that a set is a 3d space , but the audience perceives it as a 2d space , like a photograph . thinking of your set like you were composing a photograph will always lead to more interesting designs . how can you get the illusion of depth in your set what lines of perspective , furniture , and decorations will lead the eye to the most important propcharacter in the scene there are hundreds of diy solutions to set design , but these take time . you need to use your budget to balance the speed of buying everything with the creative control of building the whole set . your design needs will change from set to set , but there are some key principles to keep in mind how essential is a prop to a shot if it is just a piece of background material you can often get away with a cheap , quick prop , as it will likely be blurred out anyway . posters may help decorate a room , but they can also look cheap . buying several inexpensive poster frames , however , can give the room a much more high - class feel . make or buy one large centerpiece if you are on a budget . what is the focal point of the scene , and how can you make that as great a prop as possible 90 of viewers will be focusing on that object the entire time , such as the couch two characters are sitting on . unless the point of the scene is that things are cluttered and chaotic , less is more in the scene . you dont want the audience focusing on your set , you want them focusing on the actors and action . a great set is unobtrusive - - it feels natural and realistic , less like a set and more like a room you could visit in real life . while you can think of many extravagant , complex sets the royal tenenbaums , the great gatsby , blade runner , etc . these are not exceptions to the rule . rather , the sets in these movies are made to fit a lush , extravagant , or chaotic script . thus , they appear natural in the world of the movie . it actually costs money to show that kitchen - aid logo on the mixer in the corner . while it is unlikely that youll get sued for anything , there is no need to take the risk . whatever brand logos you can remove , cover up , or hide need to be covered up . this is done because a brand may not like how you use it in a movie . no toilet paper company , for example , want to see their product used by a serial killer to wipe up blood . after lighting , there is a good chance youll need to redesign the set a bit to eliminate awkward shadows or fit in lighting stands . this is also a chance to put in any practicals , which are lights that appear as part of the final movie , like lamps or ceiling lights . the cinematographer is also in charge of camera placement , meaning this is the time to work out crew placement and check how your scene looks at specific camera angles .

build flats to make fake walls for any movie set . lay your masonite on the ground to measure out the frame . place 2 of your 3x8 wood pieces along the long side of the wood . measure the distance between the two long pieces of wood . lay your two cut planks along the top and bottom edge of the masonite . hammer your frame together using 1 . 5 nails . apply wood glue to the entire frame and press the masonite onto it . nail the entire masonite board into the frame . attach your final 3x8 piece of wood into the back of the frame , on the center . cut your plywood in half diagonally . cut a one - foot notch in the center of your plywoods hypotenuse . use a power drill to screw the plywood into the frame . use the flats to create the walls of your set , then begin decorating .

how to make a movie set 3

flats are ubiquitous in set design , as they are the foundation of any hand - made set . flats are always 4x8 feet large , and are quickly and easily decorated to look like a home or room . though it takes some carpentry and tools , flats are actually pretty easy to build . to make one 4x8 foot flat , you will need 1 4x8 sheet of masonite . 5 pieces of 1x3x8 wood for the frame . 1 4x8 sheet of plywood for the jack , or base . wood glue and a box of 1 . 5 nails . put the piece of wood on the ground so that you can accurately measure out the size of your frame on its back . the frame will surround the edges of the masonite , like a a picture frame . the 8 - foot long wood should fit perfectly along the long sides of the masonite . make sure they are flush with the edges and that the thin side 1 thick is the one touching the masonite . the smaller end needs to go inside the longer pieces , so youll have to cut one plank of wood roughly in half to make the frame . if you used 1 - inch thick wood , the two shorter sides should be cut to 46 - inches long , since the wood is 4 feet 1 . 2 m wide , minus an inch for the width of the long planks on the edges . still , you should make this measurement before cutting to double check . the entire outside edge of the wood sheet should be framed by your wooden planks , with the two shorter sides tucked inside the longer 8 - foot planks . cut a third piece to this exact length as well and fit it into the middle . the whole frame it will resemble a classic two - part window frame when you are done . simply put a nail into every joint . you will be doing more work later to hold it together , so these 6 nails 2 for each horizontal slat should be fine to start . you dont need too much , as youll be using nails as well . have a friend help make sure that the edges of the masonite are flush with the frame . start with the four corners , then put as many nails as possible into the board to attach it to the frame . lay the piece down so that the wide side is flat in the center of the frame , then use a power drill to put pilot holes into the frame and wood piece . use long wood screws to attach the wood to the frame . the result will be one long piece down the back of the frame , almost like a wooden pallet . use two screws along each horizontal wooden part of the frame . this long piece in the center attaches your flat to the stand that will hold it up . this is your stand . it will act like the stand on the back of a picture frame , holding your flat up so that it doesnt fall . the hypotenuse is the longest side of the triangle . cut a rounded notch into the center of this side , cutting down roughly a foot or so . this notch is where you can drape a sandbag or weight to hold the flat down . attach the plywood on either side of the wooden board running down the middle of the frame . remember , your goal is to use the plywood like the back of picture frame , helping the flat stand on its own . again , drill pilot holes into the plywood and frame , then use wood screws to adhere the two together . 6 - 8 evenly spaced screws should work fine . to make it easier to work , you can also use wood glue along the edge of the board before attaching the screws . youll have a lot to do , painting the walls to bringing in furniture , accents , and lights , but this is the best way to have full control of your set design .

contact local radio stations . record an independent radio show for online broadcast . make a radio show and enter it into a contest . listen to other radio shows in your genre . decide on the basic components of your show . pick out songs for a music show . interview and build a story for a news or documentary show . write a script or outline . get familiar with a stations equipment . speak carefully on a live broadcast . remember to announce your stations call sign and frequency . record with built - in or external equipment . use editing software to put it all together . share it on hosting sites and social media .

how to make a radio show

talk to radio stations in your area about buying air time or any open positions they might have for a radio host for their main programming . talk to them about the type of show you want to have and ask about their process for new radio show hosts . make sure to secure radio time on the same day and time each week or day to help build up a larger listenership of people who can expect to hear your show at a certain time . if youre looking to be a radio dj and play music , contact stations that play the type of music you would want to play , i . e . alternative , country , rock , etc . the same goes for spoken audio shows you will want to reach out to public talk radio stations about your news or documentary style show . if youre in high school or college , talk to your schools radio station about hosting your own show and whats required for you to do so . tape a radio show using whatever equipment you have available and broadcast it online for the potential of having listeners from all over the world . broadcast a show live online , or make it available through a podcast service . podcasts are a very popular off - shoot from live radio broadcast , and a great option if you want to produce a radio show but cant find a source to broadcast it live . starting a podcast allows you to pre - record and edit a show before releasing it on the internet . try free programs like spreaker , radionomy , or blogtalkradio that can help you to record , edit , and broadcast your own radio show . create your own independent radio show using equipment available to you . edit it and submit it to radio show contests for the chance to have it featured on a popular station or outlet , and possibly even secure your own regular broadcast . submit your radio show to a local radio station if theyre holding a contest for amateur radio show hosts , or to a larger network of radio stations like iheartradio for even more exposure . find support and the potential for an ongoing podcast series with programs like radiotopia . listen to a wide variety of other radio shows of the type that youre interested in , whether its a talk show , documentary style , or music program . take notice of the elements that other shows have to help guide what you want to do . pay attention to the things that another radio show does that keep you engaged and listening . does the host give fun facts about the music theyre going to play or just played are the interviews interesting and easy to follow try emulating these elements in your own show . also take note of the things in a show that make it drag or make you dislike it . are there too many pauses is the hosts voice too monotone or too fast think of how you can avoid these things in your own radio show . think about and write down all the basic information about the radio show you want to create . decide on the following key elements of your show name consider carefully the name you choose for your show , as it is the only thing that will stay the same in your broadcast . objective what do want to accomplish with your show is it to inform informational programs , documentaries , to entertain musical shows , radio theatre , to do a public service interviews , reviews , special programs , etc . theme what will you talk about decide on a theme or category for the type of content you produce . schedule decide on a length of time for each broadcast , how often it will air , and for how many weeks or months . of course , this will be decided by a radio station if you broadcast through one . audience whos listening consider what age group , location , and other demographic categories you are hoping to have as key listeners . show elements what are the features of your broadcast are there interviews music live callers special guests advertising if you need or want advertising to support your radio show , youll need to seek out sponsors , record advertisements , and decide how and when theyll be placed within your show . select the songs youll play during a radio show that features music selections . create a playlist or upload songs so that theyre ready to play during a live broadcast or to combine with spoken recordings for a pre - recorded show . in general , choose the highest quality studio recording of a song , unless you specify that youll be playing a live or unusual version . remember to find the clean edits of songs that omit curse words if youre broadcasting on live traditional radio . if taping a show that you will edit and put online , you should also record and prepare wraps , which are the spoken segments that introduce or recap the music played . youll want to edit the music files slightly , with fades or seconds of silence , so the wraps fit in more seamlessly . plan for an informative , educational , or entertainment radio show that uses primarily spoken audio . arrange interviews , narration , investigative research , and any other elements necessary to put together a complete story or theme . conduct quality interviews by maintaining a casual , conversational style and asking your subject further questions to get more information or simply to find a piece of tape that is memorable or noteworthy for your overall story . note that if youre conducting a live interview , as in one with someone live in the studio or calling in over the phone , you should do a pre - interview . this allows you to pose all the questions you will ask in the real interview so your subject is prepared for them and you know how they will answer . write out an outline for the entire story youre trying to build to make it easier to get the interviews you need , information you want , and scenes youd like to create . write down what you will say during your show , whether it is narration to tell an overall story , questions to ask an interview subject , or wrap portions between songs in a set . lay out a basic outline , or a more detailed word - for - word script . even if your shows dialogue is meant to be spontaneous or improvised , you should still jot down a general guideline for what to say , points to discuss if you draw a blank , and general lengths for each segment so you dont talk too much and run over your time . if youre hoping to have spontaneous dialogue or fill more time , consider having a co - host or accepting live callers . a co - host you can get along with provides easy banter and contributions so the pressure isnt all on you , and live callers provide an element of unexpected content . get a full tour and tutorial of equipment youll use for broadcasting your show through a local studio . learn all of the functions of the technology youll use like microphones , speakers , sound mixers , etc . during live broadcasts so you feel confident operating them on the air . ask if you can shadow another radio show host to get a better feel for how equipment , signals , and procedures go during a real broadcast to learn each step as they go . or ask if you can do several dry runs or demos before going live yourself . this sort of training is typically required by stations anyway . make sure you understand how to troubleshoot or solve problems with the equipment you use . though there may be a technician around to assist you if something goes wrong during a broadcast , its always best to know how you can address the issue yourself to fix it right away . speak slowly and carefully on the radio so that listeners arent guessing at what you say or having to adjust their volume . remember to follow guidelines for appropriate language on the radio , and consider whats appropriate content for your target audience . consult the fccs guidelines and your stations own rules for what words are prohibited live on air . this should also inform what song lyrics you need to edit or not use if playing music . note that while your intended audience may be adults commuting to work during your morning show , you may have listening children at that hour as well , for whom adult themes wouldnt be appropriate . the fcc prohibits obscene content on the radio from 6 am to 10 pm . if something goes wrong , like a live caller whos using inappropriate language or topics , know the procedures in place with your studio and equipment on how to take yourself or a caller off the air and start playing music or another segment . make sure to repeat the basic information about the radio station youre broadcasting from , as well as your name andor the name of your show . remember that listeners could tune in at any time during your show segment , and want to identify what theyre listening to . a radio call sign is the string of four letters that designates the unique transmitting station . the frequency is the number that listeners dial on their radio to get the stations broadcast . usually both of these are used to announce and market the station . consult the staff at your station for their guidelines on how often you should be reiterating the stations information , as is may vary by station or show . in general , you should introduce the station and your shows name at the beginning of every wrap portion between music or advertising . even if you have a pre - recorded show or podcast , you may want to repeat your shows name after any advertisements you may have included . while you arent marketing your show or a station as you would with live radio , you can still get the name of your show out there to help get more listeners talking about it on social media , blogs , etc . record the audio for your independent radio show , including any narration , wrap portions , sound clips , or interviews you might include in your show . use any recording equipment you have available to you , or just the built - in microphone in your computer or phone . if youre using external equipment , just make sure you can easily sync your recorded material with your computer or whatever device youll use for editing . if youre making a show for music , make sure you have all the music files you want to play available on your computer or other device . you can also choose to record directly within a computer or phone application that lets you edit the audio as well . check out popular apps like spreaker or audacity to do this . import all of your audio files into an editing program that allows you to cut , move , change , and add effects to your audio to turn it into one complete episode of a radio show . be sure to make copies and save your work in case you lose something accidentally . find free editing software thats easy to use by opting for an application like audacity , acoustica , or wavepad . try out premium editing software like fl studio , adobe audition , or sound forge if youre really into audio editing and need a full suite of controls . while the editing will depend on your own content and style , some good practices to keep in mind are to edit out unnecessary or very long clips , create space between songs and sections using fades or music , and dont leave more than a few seconds of empty silence in a recording . upload your final episode of a radio show onto any platform that hosts audio files or radio shows . then distribute it using social media sites , a blog , a website , etc . choose a platform for all sorts of audio by uploading your radio show to a well - known service like youtube , itunes , or soundcloud . these have large audiences for the potential to gain more listeners . try a platform specifically for hosting radio shows , like archive . org , podomatic , and blogtalkradio , which may have additional helpful tools to schedule the release of your episodes .

select your materials . assemble your frame . iron your fabric . staple your fabric . cut off the corner fabric . add wire to your frame .

how to make a wall hanging 1

you will first need to choose the fabric you wish to hang and display . traditional marimekko fabric is often hung as an accent for your home however , you can hang almost any fabric design you wish to . you will also need to purchase four stretcher bars to make a frame . these vary widely in terms of thickness , color , etc . if you would rather make your own frame , check out this link how to make a picture framego to your local arts and crafts store to find bars which accent your fabric of choice , and which are large or small enough for your particular project . if you want a large picture , get large bars , if you want a small picture , buy smaller ones . stretcher bars usually come pre - packaged so that you will always get two smaller bars , and two larger bars two for the sides of your picture , and two for the length of your picture . you will also need to pick up the following items heavy - duty staple gun , 516 inch heavy - duty staples , an iron , a hammer , 2 eye hooks , and some picture frame wire . slide the notched ends of the stretcher bars into one another , making each corner a 90 degree angle . make sure that you place a small bar , next to a large one , next to a small one , next to a large one how a normal picture frame looks . give each corner a gentle tap with a hammer to make sure each notch is securely in place . you can also use glue if you choose to help secure the notches . before you slide them into one another , apply a small amount of wood glue to the receiving end of the notch . then slide in the bar , hold for a few minutes at a 90 degree angle , and lift away . take your piece of fabric and lay it on a flat surface , such as an ironing board . do so , so that the design is facing downwards . set your iron to the low setting , and gently press against the back of your fabric . work it to the left and the right in order to smooth out the entire piece . let your fabric rest and cool . place your already made frame on top of the fabric on the back of the fabric . use a ruler to measure 2 inches of fabric on each side of the frame . use a pair of scissors or a rotary blade to cut the fabric at this 2 inch mark all the way around the frame . if you decide to use a rotary blade , make sure that you use a cutting board so that you dont cut through your table . start on whichever side you like . bring up the fabric around the middle of the side , and staple it through to the wood . make sure that the fabric is pulled tight . work towards each of the corners , placing staples about an inch apart each . pull the fabric tight with each staple . repeat the previous instruction for each of the sides . if you think that the fabric is too loose underneath one of the staples , use a staple remover , and re - staple your fabric . important leave the fabric on the corners loose . do not staple the corner fabric down . it is best to use a pair of scissors for this , rather than a rotary blade . however , do not cut off all of the fabric , just a good inch or so of the excess . do this for each corner . after you have the fabric cut , lay one side of the fabric down against the frame , and lay the other piece on top of the other . staple two staples into these two pieces , each staple about 14 inch separate from one another . go around and give a gentle tap with a hammer to any staples you dont think have fully sunk in . screw in two eye hooks to the top bar you wish to hang the fabric from . put each eye hook about an inch inward on each side of the bar . cut a piece of wire , and feed each end through both of the eye hooks . curl the wire on each end so that the wire is tight . remember , you do not want the wire to show when you hang it up . if your piece is too long , either curl more on both ends , or cut a new piece of wire . you only want about 12 inch of lag . once you have attached the wire , hang it up on your wall .

invest in some magazines . surf the web . read , read , read . watch tv . know the reporters . ask around . watch celebrities and gossip columnists youtube videos . listen to the radio .

how to keep up with the latest celebrity gossip

there are heaps and heaps of magazines in which you can read all the latest gossip about whats going on in celebrity world that will keep you entertained for hours however magazines dont always give you the story youre after . the internet , like magazines , has the latest gossip , so get out there and search celebrity gossip on google . the articles are easy to read and give you everything you need to know thats happening in celebrity world . dont just read celebrity gossip sites or magazines every couple of days read them every day . whenever you log on to your computer , look at celebrity gossip do you find yourself near a newsstand take your time to look at the covers and maybe flick through the pages . et and tmz and e news are great choices but dont just settle on these . watch music shows and look on mtv . dont have mtv look on the mtv website and watch fashion shows too . watch reality shows to like keeping up with the kardashians , chelsea lately and more currently on e , giuliana rancic and ryan seacrest basically run the channel . they always have you covered on the red carpet . giuliana even has her own show as well as ryan executive producing many shows like keeping up with the kardashians . ask your friends and family . talk celebrity gossip with your coworkers , classmates , and so forth . , morning shows especially tend to discuss gossip topics .

gather your materials . lay your canvas out vertically . paint your canvas . print out your template . paint inside of your design . add texture and life to your painting . create loops at the top and bottom of your canvas . slide your dowel rods through the loops .

how to make a wall hanging 2

the most important item to buy is either canvas or burlap measuring 2 12 feet by 4 12 feet . this can be found at most craft stores . you can choose any color of canvas or burlap you like , but remember that you will be painting designs on top of the material . therefore , you should go for lighter colors , such as white or off - white . you will also need to pick up the following items painters tape , fabric paint , a paper plate , a small paintbrush , a template with your design of choice , sandpaper , an iron , fabric glue , two 78 - inch dowels , two eye hooks , and twine to hang your tapestry . measure , with a ruler , 3 inches from the bottom of the canvas and draw a straight horizontal line . take a piece of masking tape that is 2 12 feet long and place it along this line top edge of masking tape goes on the line . measure 1 inch above the masking tape , and draw another straight , horizontal line . place a 2 12 foot long piece of masking tape along this line bottom edge of masking tape goes along line . place a small amount of fabric paint on a paper plate . dip the paintbrush into the paint , and paint between the two pieces of tape . while you can slightly paint over the tape , make sure not to get loose paint on the rest of the canvas . it is best to dab rather than to brush in long strokes . wipe your paintbrush off with a paper towel , and then run it under some hot water . this will get the excess paint off . wait for the paint to dry before you safely remove the tape strips . you can add more paint stripes above the one you made . simply repeat the previous instructions , adjusting the height of each of your stripes instead of a 1 inch stripe , you may want to paint a 12 inch stripe above the one you already painted . leave some space in between each stripe so that you can clearly see each one . make sure not to make too many stripes , as you need some space to paint on your design . you will want to stick to something basic that can be identified simply by the outline of the object or thing . many simple designs can be found online , such as animals , flowers , architecture , etc . whatever picture you choose , print it out , and cut it out using scissors . you can adjust the picture size when you print it out to fit your canvas . you will want it no larger than 2 12 feet in vertical length , and 2 feet in horizontal width . when you have cut out your design , center it on the canvas . use a ruler to make sure that it is equidistant on the horizontal sides and vertical sides respectively . trace around the design with a light pencil mark , and remove the design . spread a small amount of fabric paint onto a clean paper plate . dip into the paint with your small paintbrush , and use dabbing motions on the fabric . you can choose to use multiple colors for your design , or just one . you can also add small amounts of black or white paint to create some shading . try to keep the paint color true to the original design . for instance , if you do a piece of architecture , use brown paint if its wooden , or grey paint if it is stone . once you are done painting the design , set your canvas aside to give it time to dry . meanwhile , you can rub off the excess paint on your paintbrush with paper towel , and then run the paintbrush under some hot water . note this is a strictly optional step . when your canvas is nearly dried , you can scrunch up with fabric in order to give your painting a more worn , and antiquated look . fold it like an accordion , and immediately relieve the stress . you can also run sandpaper over the design gently . this will peel off some of the paint and create a weathered look . if you choose to do this step , you will need to iron the surrounding canvas . iron the blank canvas around the design , using the low setting on your iron . make sure to do this on an ironing board , or another safe surface . ironing the excess fabric will create a nice contrast between the antiquated design , and the smooth , soft canvas . once you are done ironing , let your canvas rest in a safe place so that it stays wrinkle - free . these loops will be used to hold your dowel rods . once your design is completely dry , flip your canvas over . take the top part of the canvas and curl it backwards , so that you have one inch of fabric on the back . you can crease it if you like in order to keep it from constantly curling back . place a small amount of fabric glue on the edge of the pulled back fabric . make sure to leave some space underneath for your dowel rod to slide through . press the edge down onto the backside of the canvas and apply pressure until it is dry . do the same at the bottom of your canvas . pull backwards an inch of fabric and fold it by making a crease . place some fabric glue on the edge of the folded fabric leaving space underneath and apply pressure until it is dry . if you do not have the patience for typical fabric glue , you can use hot glue for a faster drying period . however , make sure that you are using safe practices , not getting any of the hot glue on your hands . one dowel rod for each of the two loops you just created . screw an eye hook onto each end of the top dowel eye hooks are basically screws with hoops on the end . you should be able to screw them in by hand , although you may need to pre - drill a tiny hole in order to help expedite the process . thread one strand of twine through both of the eye hooks . leave some lagging twine in between so that you can hang your canvas . tie a knot on each end of the twine , near the eye hooks . once you are done , hang the tapestry design on your wall .

gather your materials . prepare your yarn . arrange your yarn in terms of color . glue your strands on . trim and be creative .

how to make a wall hanging 3

you will need to purchase either a 12 inch or 14 inch dowel rod . the length of the rod depends on how much yarn you plan to use for one hanging , and how many colors you wish to add to the design . you will need multiple casts of yarn in various colors . pick up some glue and some heavy duty scissors as well . you will need yarn in multiple lengths . take your first color of yarn , and begin to wrap it around your elbow , and in between your pointer finger and thumb . wrap it around , creating loops . this will create strings about 24 inches long 12 inches will appear , hanging down from the dowel rod . after you are done wrapping , carefully take the yarn off of your elbow and finger crux , laying it to the side . this will be your shortest length of yarn . you need to create at least 2 more sections , each of a different color . the second section should be about 36 inches long 18 inches will appear and 48 inches long 24 inches will appear . you can find interesting ways to wrap your yarn , like from your arm to your foot , or between two doorknobs . you can also simply cut 36 or 48 inch pieces against a long ruler . set each of your wrapped yarn loops to the side , making sure to keep them in their loop form . take your shortest yarn strands 24 inches and cut them at one end of the loop with scissors . begin to drape them over the dowel rod , making sure that the strings are equidistant on both sides of the rod 12 inches on each side . scrunch them all together on one end of the rod . take your next longest yarn strands 36 inches and do the same thing . cut them at one end , and drape them over the rod , equidistant on both sides . scrunch them together , and slide them next to the 24 inch strands . do the same with the 48 inch strands . scrunch them together and slide them together against the 36 inch strands . if you decided to add even more lengths , add them now . once you have arranged the strands properly , take out your glue . work in colored sections , starting with the shortest strands . lift the 24 inch section up slightly and add a strip of glue to the dowel rod . press the strands down , trying your best to keep the strings equidistant on both sides . hold them down until the glue is fairly dried . do the same thing for the 36 and 48 inch strands . make sure that you apply glue to the rod , keep them bunched up , and pressed against the previous lengths . leave your rod somewhere safe to dry . you do not want to begin cutting the yarn until the glue is fully dried . first , you will need to hang your design where you want it to hang permanently . this might mean hanging it on a few nails or tacks in your wall , evenly placed on both sides . or , you can buy eye hooks , and screw one onto each end of the dowel rod . slide a piece of yarn through both eye hooks , and tie knots on each end . finally , hand the string on a hook or tack . get out a pair of heavy - duty scissors . begin cutting the bottom of your strands of yarn at angles . there are three options you can choose cut every strand at one continuous angle , cut each of the separate colors at different angles , or just cut which ever way you want to . the key is to get creative . it doesnt have to be perfect , or smoothly cut . because this project is relatively quick , you can always make another one in a short period of time if you make a mistake . however , with this project , mistakes are really creative scissor cuts .

learn what chest and head voice are . learn what they feel like . to sing in your chest voice , begin speaking in your normal voice . to sing in your head voice , begin a high voice , but not a squeaky voice . be careful .

how to learn head and chest voice in singing

here is a very loose explanation chest voice the lower register of your voice when you are speaking or singing . when you are having a conversation with a friend , you are likely using your chest voice to speak to them . head voice the higher register of your voice when you are speaking or singing . some people speak in their head voice when they are nervous or speaking to strangers . what does it feel like to sing or speak in your head and chest voice chest voice when you speak or sing in your chest voice , it should feel like the tone is resonating in your chest .  the sound should feel and sound like there is more power backing it up . head voice when you speak or sing in your head voice , it should feel like the tone is resonating in your head . the sound should be more light and gentle than in your head voice . as you speak , slowly transition the words into an ooh . if you had been speaking in your normal voice , the singing you will hear should be in your chest voice . practice doing this until you are confident that you know what it feels like in your face , throat , and chest . as you speak , do as you did in the previous step . the singing you will hear should be your head voice . practice until you know what your head voice feels like to you . its important to take caution when you are singing dont try to sing high notes in your chest voice for more power . do what feels comfortable to you and make sure not to overuse your voice

familiarize yourself thoroughly with your topic . investigate background information . distinguish romantic entanglements and platonic relationships . keep up to date on fandom news . follow the subject of your fandom on social media . unite with the object of your fandom to support a good cause . maintain healthy boundaries .

how to join a fandom 1

shared interest establishes common ground between you and other fans , and comprehensive knowledge expresses the high level of regard you have for your idol . there are many different kinds of fan , ranging from casual fan to superfan . serious fandoms often rank in - group status by knowledge pertaining to their subject . minor details , like little known side projects of individuals or historical influences , can earn you the status you need to join your fandom effortlessly . as a fan , you probably feel closely connected to your topic of interest , and other fans will share this feeling . however , most people dont dig deeper than popularized facts . by researching background information , youll feel a more intimate connection to the source of your fandom and to other fans who have done the same . sharing these similar experiences will accelerate your acceptance into a fandom . wikipedia is a good place to begin your research . though the page might be lacking in substantial content , look through citations to find sources other fans might have overlooked . use broader internet search engines as well . however , take what you learn with a grain of salt . many newspapers and magazines report unsubstantiated information as a sales gimmick dont believe everything you read look for any books written about your fandom area . in the case of individuals , you might find a biography , even if the person is very young . a memoir might already be on the shelf — justin biebers just getting started , as an example . autobiographies allow you a less filtered glimpse into the inner workings of the writers mind . even so , be aware that no one wants to be viewed as a bad person . dont accept even autobiographical accounts as purely true . observing the people that surround the subject of your fandom can reveal much that isnt explicitly stated . if the subject is a person , romantic partners can more clearly define taste or personality and not knowing this information might make it difficult to integrate into your fandom . whats more , individuals and family connected to your fandom shed light on backstory . in the case of most celebrities with well - established fandoms , a quick internet search will provide as much information about dating life as you could possibly want . this can unearth pictures that demonstrate public behavior , giving you more ammunition to prove you are a true fan worthy of your fandom . remember to be skeptical of celebrity gossip . magazines with low integrity thresholds will , for sensationalist appeal , wildly speculate about celebrities when photographed with companions . if your idol denies having been in a relationship , decide who you trust more magazines looking to make a profit or the person alleged to have been in the relationship . if you dont know whats current with the subject of your fandom , members might question your devotion . in many cases , you can subscribe to a fan mail service to get regular email updates about your related news . another fantastic tool is google alerts , with which you can keep apprised of current events in your fandom . google alerts requires a google account . if you dont have one and would like to set up google alerts , you should create an account . with a google account , setting up google alerts is as simple asvisiting the google alerts pagetyping the name of your idol or a fandom topic in the box that says create an alert about… clicking the create alert button and adding additional alerts for any related topics or people . for example , if you want to know what your idols significant other or famous relatives are involved with , add alerts for them . alerts for projects will keep you informed about career developments — film roles , clothing lines , forthcoming albums , and so on . the latest information on google alert key words will be emailed to your account as it hits the web this way youll always be aware on whats going on in the fandom . before the advent of social media platforms , it was nearly impossible for fans to know the day - to - day lives of the subject of their fandom beyond what was written in magazines . today , many icons share their personal thoughts throughout the day on twitter , which some fans use to deduce subtler details , like pet peeves or a dislike of the word moist . if a celebrity has an instagram account , you can find personal , candid photographs of your idol outside of the spotlight . if you havent already , create accounts for the major social media platforms on which already have accounts to the subject of your fandom . here , account curators sometimes the subject in question , other times fans or pr agents share information that you might want to know . the major platforms are twitter , instagram , and facebook . check these social media sites frequently to see whats going on with your fandom subject installing dedicated apps for these platforms on your phone will enable you to respond to your fandom subject on the go or when youre away from your computer . this can also be useful if your fandom or fandom subject is primarily based in a different time zone . dont be afraid to interact with the subject of your fandom . before social media , fans had to write letters which can be time - intensive . tweets and comments are a quick and easy way to give feedback and get noticed . dont be upset if you dont get a response . the downside of social media is that most fans have the same access as you , and they are also trying get attention . dont give up , though . maybe one day , youll get a response through your google alerts , social media following , and by exploring trustworthy websites , you can uncover favorite causes and charities that reflect the views your upon which your fandom is based . you can grow closer to the heart of your fandom by learning to identify with its philanthropic efforts . acting on these values not only has a positive community impact , it can also earn you special recognition from your fandom – and maybe your idol , too promoting social causes by sharing links to charities and organizations will indicate your co - commitment with other fans . as an initiate to your fandom , you should sustain a high level of engagement with your subject to earn quick admission among members of your fandom . but keep your relation in perspective . show your appreciation without harming anyone emotionally or physically . remember that celebrities are people too , and deserve to be treated with decency and respect . an unhealthy obsession with a celebrity is called celebrity worship syndrome , which has been shown to result in depression , anxiety , and lowered self - esteem . your fandom should improve , not worsen your quality of life . this is about having funcelebrities live in a state of heightened anxiety due to constant interruptions to their personal lives and overstepped boundaries . for instance , taylor swift took out a restraining order in 2014 for a fan who had been stalking her since 2011 , and john lennon was murdered by an obsessed fan . by refusing to view inappropriate material on the internet or in magazines — for example , leaked intimate pictures and videos , or pictures of private property — you demonstrate that you support and love your idol while respecting privacy . you care enough about them to act in a way that makes them feel safe .

put some thought into it . notice the camera angles . look at how detailed certain things are . do sexy but unlikely things happen , look for the obvious .

how to identify fanservice in anime

is it relevant to the plot certain things are allowed as a means of moving the story along . if a character is in a sexual or romantic situation that contradicts his or her personal morals e . g . a homosexual encounter , a tryst , or an encounter with an enemy of the family , its probably a vehicle for character development . this is also the case for situations involving a long - standing , serious relationship as opposed to a one - night - stand or a rape . if the event is random and doesnt really help the story if there even is a story , its probably fanservice . is the viewers perspective arranged so that youre looking right up the leading ladys skirt or down her cleavage does the camera zoom in on a secretarys butt as she leans over is the camera placed at some other odd angle that gives you a front - row seat to a characters naughty bits if so , its probably fanservice . sexual scenes that arent fanservice actually tend to censor this sort of thing , focusing instead on artistic camera angles that complement the sexual or romantic tension of the situation . if every single wrinkle in a busty womans too - small top is drawn in minute detail , or every drop of sweat on her leg is painstakingly animated as she does gymnastics , its probably fanservice . does a boys gym uniform get stolen , forcing him to swim in his tighty - whiteys does a girls shirt get caught on her chair , tearing the fabric and revealing her lacy push - up bra are the girls school uniforms so short that you can see the butt of their panties as they walk down the hall if they werent fanservice , these situations probably wouldnt happen because theyre incredibly unrealistic . sparkles . shines . popsicles . lollipops . erect nipples . boners . bodily fluids . lingerie . men or women who are so well - endowed that their proportions seem physically impossible in nature . any of these could signify fanservice .

check your weaknesses . notice areas you avoid . use outside resources for help . practice and draw . no longer avoid your weaknesses , no matter how bad you feel you are at them . try taking drawing challenges . do more sketches and studies , and less masterpieces , or projects . ask for honest criticism . remind yourself of your progress . know you will improve .

how to improve your artistic skills quickly

its okay if youre not the best artist you dont have to mentally list every single area as a weakness . you should grade yourself based on comparing your own skills , not others . what areas could use some improvement maybe your best asset is drawing faces , but you fail mostly at hands you should note this as a weakness . continue noticing specific places that need work . even if you have places you have tried to fix , its always good to keep improving things you are better at as well . keep note its best to work on whats worse first many beginning artists avoid areas and places they have a hard time on many artists not just the beginners will also do this , feeling like its easier to fly by it . notice what kinds of subjects you shy away from . common places include hands , feet , anatomy and the body , certain genders , arms the beginning artist usually hides the arms and hands behind the persons back , and many other personal weaknesses to the artist . mentally keep yourself aware of any , or write them down if necessary . for whatever art style youre going for realistic , anime , or cartoon you should use tutorials , youtube videos , drawing books , and other sources to help you . use techniques and try recommended methods . dont slack out , follow tutorials and tips , and methods as well . if you dont use guidelines for anatomy , it will be harder in the long run . use as much effort as you can . take breaks in between and inspire yourself before drawing this helps tremendously . keep in mind you should stay positive , take your time , and also observe others work videos are best for observing as its in action and learn from these experiences nothing helps like drawing you cant get better at anything without actually doing it if you spare time everyday to draw , it will help you . even quick sketches and many fails will help it doesnt have to be perfect , but remember no matter what , try the best best you can do . within time , you will see results now that you know your weaknesses , it will be very important for you to draw in those areas , no matter how bad it is youll eventually get better , and quitting will not help at all repeat drawing those places in practices alone , and in more complex pieces . you may feel that it ruins your drawings but its best to allow yourself to get it in a level where it doesnt using this method . after all , you wont be able to avoid it if your asked to draw it as an artist , or when you want to draw a piece with it dont limit your skills this includes 365 day themed drawing challenges , 30 day drawing challenges , inktober , and 100 day themed drawing challenges . you can find these on the internet , pinterest , and deviantart . doing these will keep you preoccupied , and will give you ideas to draw from everyday . studies and sketches will help you better than big pieces . base these studies on your weaknesses . you may not have noticed a flaw , but getting advice after each piece helps , even if offensive , or hurtful . accept the flaw and note it down so you can avoid making the same mistake , or so you can work on it . this makes it easier to realize your mistakes and weaknesses . ask another artist , friend , or family member . if youre ever in a tight spot , remind yourself how far youve come by looking back at previous works it may seem funny how you mightve felt proud of it before , or because it was a hard fail , but seeing progress always helps in inspiring you to push farther . tell yourself while drawing , youll make sure youll impress your future self . even if the process is tough and troubling , remind yourself every great artist had to start somewhere . also , art is not a natural talent . sometimes people may be better in the start and in the learning process , but hard work is what makes an artist and practice better yet , practice where you fail so overall , you get better

join tumblr , where there are many active fandoms . use twitter hashtags to find and follow . write , read , and comment on fanfiction . participate in web forums . take part in a convention that involves your fandom . join a street team . build upon the relationships youve made .

how to join a fandom 2

tumblr has come to be considered the home of fandom culture , regardless of which fandom you belong to . create a tumblr account and page . make sure your username and the title of your blog broadcasts your fandom affiliation . you might include information about your fandoms subject , or a fandom identifying nickname , such as a well - known project album , film , role , or anything else that signifies your dedication to other fans . conduct a tag search on your fandom subject . surf around , clicking on other fan pages . if content is related to your interest , follow those tumblr users reblog worthy content , comment on it , and heart it to signify you appreciate the content shared with the community . this can be the beginning of a new friendship with a fellow fan . share content of your own individual fan - work , information you have gleaned through google alerts , and discoveries from social media following . make sure your posts have tags relevant to your fandom , so other fans will be able to see your content in the tag search and follow you . tumblr fandoms often make a game out of including very long , idiosyncratic tags along with the simple fandom tags keep this in mind for when you become part of fandom culture . be social building friendships with the fans you meet on tumblr will help forge a place for you in your fandom . simply following your fandom subject on twitter isnt enough to connect you with larger community of fans . search hashtags related to your fandom to find and follow other users who share your interest . make sure to talk to other fans as often as possible . a fandom thrives on the enthusiasm of its members . you should make an effort to maintain the relationships youre building to ensure the health of your fandom . fanfiction — fan - generated literature about fandom topics — is a very important part of fandom culture . though much is published on tumblr and instagram , there are many websites dedicated specifically to fanfiction . prominent among these are archive of our own , fanfiction . net , and wattpad . fanfiction can be further classified into the subgenres rpfs real person fiction are stories about the celebrity as themselves — a story about getting married to harry styles , for example . aus alternate universe are stories that change the reality in which the celebrity lives . for example , you might find stories in which harry styles is a painter instead of a singer . oocs out of character are stories in which the author changes the celebritys personality or persona — for example , a story in which harry styles is a violent mobster . remember to vote for the stories you like and leave positive feedback encouraging other writers to continue producing stories you like reading . once youve read enough to be comfortable with the genre , try your hand at writing your own fanfiction to share with your fandom . an internet forum is a message board where you can select a topic of interest and join a conversation with community members similar to yourself . many web forums have different expectations and culture , but the atmosphere of your web forum will typically be in line with the that of your fandom . web forums are a great place for you to post questions , coordinate online or real - life activities , and make friends with with other fans . you should look up fancons , as some are genre specific , but many cons are broad enough in scope that youre sure to find some fellow fans , discussion panels , and maybe even meet the people your fandom is based upon the major fancon genres are anime , comic , gaming , and fantasysci - fi . coordinate group costumes with your friends or other fans youve met and geek out with like - minded individuals . discussion panels are increasingly places where actors and writers will make special announcements . take advantage of this and think of clever questions you can ask at a panel discussion . check out after parties people come to fancons from all over , many of them for the same reasons as you . when the convention hours are up , if youre still feeling social , talk fellow fans and see if theres an after party you are welcome to join . street teams are groups who promote events and products — movies , concerts , and autograph sessions , to list a few . street teamers pass out flyers , post stickers throughout target neighborhoods , promote events and products online through social media accounts , phone in requests for songs to radio stations for music fandoms , and try to spread the word to other fans . popular street team organizations include fancorps and reverb nation for music . by involving yourself with a street team , youll make friends with people as involved with your fandom as you are its a great way to meet new friends and get a few perks while supporting the subject of your fandom . if youre devoting enough time to fandom communities online and locally , youll likely have made many new friends who share your interests . dont let those friendships wither away and , along with them , your fandom comment regularly on your friends posts and share content of your own . meet up with the friends you made on a street team . youre now a full - fledged member of a fandom

finish your artwork completely . give a title to your artwork . measure your artwork . write a description about your artwork . take great quality photographs of your work . edit the photographs of your artworks , if needed . resize and save the images . write your artist biography . write your artist statement . compile all the information . for digital submissions if youre making a digital submission , e . g . for physical submissions if you are making a physical submission to an art gallery , print out your photographs , using the high quality versions .

how to get your art submission ready

make sure that your artworks are signed , dated on the back if you dont prefer adding the date on the front , and neatly presented framed , mounted , varnished , or kept in a plastic sleeve or portfolio to protect it from getting damaged . write the title into your artwork booklet or database if you dont have this yet , start it now - even an empty notebook available from any stationary store is ideal , or have a file on your computer that you regularly back up onto a cd or external hard drive print out to put into a ledger . add the width , height and if applicable , depth of your artwork alongside the title in your notebook or database . also , add the medium of your artwork and the year . writing on a paragraph or two is suitable about the meaning or intent behind the its creation , or what inspired you . add this description to your entry of the artwork in your notebook or database - easy to find whenever you need it . if you are not able to do it yourself , get a professional to do it for you if you dont have the money to pay for it , offer a barter or swap for your creative services or an artwork the photographer likes . take photographs of the full artwork , but also close - up images that shows your mark - making , texture and other special details in the artwork . make sure that each photograph highly matches the artworks quality colors as close as possible . if needed , hold out your drawing and closely compare the colors of the artwork and the computers . even if youve have a photographer taking your photographs , give himher these directions beforehand make sure that you have at least three copies of each photograph - one high resolution image of 300dpi , for magazine submissions and printing catalogues for exhibitions , one low resolution image of about 600 pixels wide and 72dpi for use in blogs , newsletters and emails , and a medium sized image of about 1200 pixels wide also at 72 dpi for online galleries . save them all together in an artwork folder that is easy to find and use . name each photograph with your name and the title of the artwork . an example of naming the different sizes of a specific artworks photographs are as follows johndoebentrealitysmall . jpeg , johndoebentrealitymed . jpeg , johndoebentrealityhighquality . jpeg . this is an introduction to you as person and artist , where you grew up , where you studied , what you have achieved , what makes you tick . keep it relevant - tell them about who you are as an artist . if youre submitting to exhibit a specific body of work series of artworks , the artist statement would be focused specifically on that . if its a general submission for promotion or an online gallery , then your artist statement is a more general summary of your art practice . your artist statement is a description of how and why you create your art - methods , inspiration , motivation , materials , and other information that gives insight into what type of artist you are . copy all the information about your artworks from your notebookdatabase into a document ready for submission . add your artist statement and artist biography to the document , or save each of them on their own or together into a separate document , ready for submission . also add your name and contact information to each document . to an online art gallery , make sure to attached your photographs the low resolution images - you can send the medium resolution images on their request , biography , artist statement , information for each artwork title , medium , size , year and the description of the artworks you are submitting , to the email along with your greeting , reason for submission and charming message . send also , print out your artist statement , biography , information for each artwork title , medium , size , year and the descriptions for each of the artworks you are submitting . put these in an envelope and deliversend them

host a game show party at your house . plan a game show event for your church or a local charity . search for professional host jobs . check all of the facts and information for accuracy . read through all the material you will say during the show . find out how to pronounce contestants names . test all of the equipment before starting the show . find someone to assist you as host . introduce the game and the rules . explain how to win and what the prize is . interview the contestants . keep the show moving . recap the scores periodically during the game . be friendly and casual with the players . be snappy and quick - witted with unpredictable contestants .

how to host a game show

you may not be able to make it to the big time just yet , but nothing is stopping you from getting some practice in . invite your friends over for a special theme party where you run a live game show for their entertainment . you may not have the money to give out thousands of dollars to the winner , but maybe you can have a handful of moderately priced prizes . this is a fun way to mix up the typical dinner party where everyone just hangs out , and it gives you a low pressure way to test your hosting skills . a second way to get some practice hosting and have fun would be volunteering as host for an event hosted by an organization . hosting for an event gives you access to a larger audience and budget than hosting a party yourself . an organization you are part of could even have a game show night as a fundraiser , with you as host . a childrens hospital , a service club like kiwanis , or your church might have a yearly fundraiser for a certain cause , so you could ask a few places like this if having you host would interest them . if they dont already have a fundraiser , you could suggest a game show night with prizes donated by businesses and proceeds going toward a special cause . a fundraiser through a church that raises money for a missions team could host a game show that focuses on trivia from the country the mission trip is going to . although some game show hosts are hired solely for their personality , it is often in your best interest to have a degree in something like acting or tv production . you might be more likely to get a job as crew for a game show which could eventually lead to a hosting job . if you are serious about it , you could try cold calling television networks and asking about what it takes to land a game show hosting job . people hired as game show hosts have often been in show business for a long time in other areas . however , channels like game show network or your local tv networks may have open casting calls for new shows they are developing . a good place to start might be at a business that hosts experiences like an escape game or endurance challenges . you might not be on tv , but could start getting hosting experience . another good starting option might be working for a party service where you would host games and challenges for the kids . if you create any of the questions , puzzles , or prompts for the game show , you want to be very careful that you only use factually accurate information . this is also a good time to check for clarity of the questions . you want to make sure there is only one correct answer and that the answer is clear and understandable . one aspect of this is making the question as specific as possible . rather than asking , who directed the movie psycho you should say , who directed the 1960 film psycho , starring anthony perkins and janet leigh giving the year and the actors helps make sure the players wont be confused , since there is a 1998 remake of the film . an example of a question with multiple answers would be , who was president in 1809 as this was a year where thomas jefferson ended his term and james madison began his term . part of the preparation of hosting a game show is reading through all of the questions , answers , and other script parts before the show . this helps ensure that you know all of the words that you will be reading so you dont stumble and sound confused during the show . some aspects of the script may need to be memorized if reading from a card or screen is not possible . besides reading through the material , its good to rehearse through the whole show to get a feel for how it flows . if you can run through the script with players , this is also a good idea . while you are talking to the players before the show starts , ask each person how to pronounce their name . you dont want to make the mistake of mispronouncing it during the actual show , plus it may confuse and annoy them if you do mispronounce it . if you can make some kind of physical or mental note about proper pronunciation , this will help you during the game . names with unique spellings like halle which could be hal - ee or hay - lee can be tricky . you may also have names with different pronunciations like alicia uh - lish - uh or uh - leesh - uh . you may have microphones , buzzers , screens , or sound equipment that enhances the show and you want to check all of this beforehand . if there are any set pieces or props that will be part of the game , you want to make sure these are in the proper place and are easy to move if necessary . almost every game show has announcers , prop technicians , or some form of assistant . you will be much more effective as a host if you have another person , or more , helping you . once you have an idea what the various parts of the show are and you know what will happen within the game , get as many people to help as it will take to make the game run smoothly . you may be the host , the face of the game show , but you cant run the whole thing on your own . you may need someone to click through slides containing questions , move game props from one place to another , or reset game pieces . your job as host is to help your contestants play and keep your audiences attention , so your assistant or crews job is to keep the other parts of the game moving smoothly . even if you are hosting a very simple game show that everyone is already familiar with , it is best to go through all the rules with them . it helps the audience follow what is going on . it also helps make sure that players know what to do and what is going on throughout the game . the amount and type of information that it is necessary to tell them will depend on the game itself . if there are rounds or stages to the game , you may want to explain each part separately just before moving to that part , or explain the whole process from start to finish . do the contestants all play through a certain puzzle at the same time do they each get separate questions or chances can you lose money for wrong answers this is the type of information you want to make sure they players know . for example you might say , contestants will answer a series of questions , each worth a certain amount of money . you will have a chance to answer each question by being the first to hit your buzzer . if the first player gets the answer wrong , the other two players will write their answer down and being awarded half of the points if the written answer is correct . almost every game show has a little bit different format and set of rules that dictate how a contestant can win the game . as you are explaining the rules at the beginning of the game , make sure to include what it takes to win . the players might earn money throughout the game and whoever has the most wins , or they could accumulate points and the player with the most points gets the chance to win something in a final round . consider whether or not there is only one winner , or if the players who dont finish first still get any prizes or money . maybe all of the contestants win something , but only the top player gets the top prize or their earnings . if there are multiple rounds or parts to the game , explain if different players could win each section and how the final winner is decided . you might say , each player will attempt to solve 5 puzzles , worth 10 points each . whoever earns the most points will play in the winners circle for the prize money . the winners circle has five more puzzles , each worth an increasing amount of money . you win the money of each puzzle you solve correctly . ties after the puzzle round will solve one final puzzle , the winner being whoever finishes first . those players who dont make it to the winners circle will receive complimentary concert tickets as our thanks for playing . talk to the contestants during the show to give the audience more information about them . this will help the audience connect more and make them root for a winner . you can ask basic questions like what they do for a living and what made them want to be on the show . its also typical to find out something interesting that the person likes or does which will give them more backstory . you could ask the players what they would do with the money if they won . ask if they watch and play along with the game at home . try to find out if they have done something that many people never would like skydiving . say , ive been told that you have a knack for whittling toys out of wood . how did you come into that hobby or , most people dont like to file their taxes , but you have made it a practice of doing tax work for all of your friends . why is that as the host , you are in charge of helping contestants play the game . you will be the one to move through the various sections or stages if the game has multiple parts . it is important to make smooth transitions between questions and parts of the game . if any player cheats or breaks the rules in some way , you must make this known and assign any penalty that is necessary . game show hosts often say things like , thats all the time we have for this round , lets see what happens next . you could say , im sorry shelley , youve run out of time . its johns turn to give it a try . if your game show has multiple players who gain points or prizes throughout the show , you should remind all the players of each others scores . this is a way to increase the competitiveness between the players because they will know who is ahead and who is close behind . for single player games , it helps them keep track of what they have won so far and will fuel their desire to keep playing . you might say , its been a close game , and everyone still has a shot to win . stacy leads with 1200 , rick follows with 1050 , and molly is still in the game with 900 . except for rare occasions , the best game show hosts are the ones who joke with the players and make the game a fun environment . when players get wrong answers or fall behind , keep encouraging them and never humiliate them . game shows are meant to be fun as well as competitive , so help the contestants keep a light attitude even when the game is at stake . use the players names throughout the game to make them feel good . speak with an upbeat voice and smile a lot . this will help the players feel at ease if the game starts to get stressful . say , well stan , you are currently behind , but this is the game of second chances , so dont give up or to a wrong answer , you could say , no , im sorry . thats incorrect , but a good guess . game shows can draw a wide array of personality types , so it is important to manage the players if you have someone who is a little far out there . you have to still be friendly , but if you have a player who is being sarcastic or sassy , you can try to make it something to joke about to keep them in the spirit of the game . with particularly difficult contestants , hosts sometimes cross the line between joking banter and insulting . you want to make sure you keep it friendly . you could say , can someone check stacys buzzer , she seems to be a little behind . but dont say , whew , stacy , you really dont seem to understand this game at all .

examine your strengths as a performer . write down what your weak points are . know what makes you unique as a performer . make a list of the shows you want to get booked in . let people know you would like to be booked . look back on your career and ask yourself why you entered the business . ask yourself what you want to get out of the business .

how to get more burlesque gigs

its easy to spend hours focused on why you arent booking too old , too short , too fat , too thin , not classic enough , not edgy enough , but focusing on these things wont get you more work . instead , focus on what makes you a good performer . yep , time to be honest with yourself . if you have no idea what your weak points are , then ask a friend who will be honest with you . not good at dancing take a dance class . not good at being on time learn to pack the night before and set your alarm to remind you to be at a show 30 minutes early . remember , if youre performing in a saturated market , then you better stand out or as the old stephen sondheim song says , gotta get a gimmick . okay , so you dont have to bump it with a trumpet , but you should aim to be the best at whatever you do even if what you do has been done by many . once you know which shows you want to work in , take a careful look and see if those shows currently have performers that look like you or offer your skill . ask yourself it these shows could benefit from your service . if you only do neo - burlesque and you want to work in a venue that only hires classic burlesque , then unless you are going to start doing classic , you may have an uphill battle convincing them that they need to add neo - burlesque to their line up . seriously , this may seem silly , but so many performers make the same mistake . they post on facebook that they are available . they stop by a show and tell a producer , they are available . they wait for the phone to ring or the emails to come in . sorry , but that doesnt work for actors or models , so why on earth should it work for burlesque performers . yes , its good to post on facebook , but also , contact those shows you listed in the previous step and ask about getting booked . sure talking to a producer in person is great , but if you are chatting at that producers show , then chances are they are talking to a lot of people . follow up with an email letting them know you liked the show and would love to work together . yep , once again , youve got to ask yourself the tough questions . why did you decide to start doing burlesque was it on a dare did you have a friend who enjoyed performing and told you to try did you want to be the next dita von teese the next gypsy rose lee did you see christina aguileras , burlesque , and hope to conquer a little nightclub while developing legions of fans this step is super important because , without it , you cant move on to the next step . do you still want those legions of fans are you hoping to make enough money to retire do you just want to make some extra money while making new friends do you want to simply feel beautiful understanding why you want what you want will help you to understand whether you can still get what you want from the business or if you will never get what you want . if you arent getting what you want out of performing burlesque , then you either need to repeat steps 1 - 6 or accept that its time to move on .

gather basic information about the work . describe what you see . discuss the elements of the work . describe the use of line . talk about how color is used in the work . describe the use of space in the work . describe the use of light in the work . make note of the way shape is used in the work . discuss how the work uses the principles of composition . identify the points of focus of the work . look for themes in the work . try to identify the purpose of the work . describe your own reaction to the work . back up your interpretation with examples . decide whether you think the work is successful or not . explain how you are judging the work . summarize why you think the work is successful or unsuccessful .

how to critique artwork

this is the sort of thing youd find on a museum or gallery label , or in the caption in an art book . knowing the background of a piece can make a big difference in how you interpret and understand it . start your critique by providing the following informationtitle of the work artists name when the piece was made where it was made the types of media used to create the work e . g . oil paint on canvas the exact size of the work using neutral terms , describe the artwork . your description should include things like the form and scale of the work . if the art depicts figures or objects rather than abstract shapes , describe what is represented . for example , you might say , this is a small - scale portrait painting of a young woman , shown from the mid - torso up , against a dark background . she is clasping her hands in front of her chest and looking up and slightly to the viewers right . she wears a pink dress , and a long veil that falls behind her head . avoid using terms like beautiful , ugly , good , or bad . at this point , youre just talking about what you see , not judging the art now describe the work in more detail . talk about the way the art uses these five basic elements of art and design line , color , space , light , and shape . lines in a work of art can be either literal or implied . different types of lines can create different moods or effects . for examplecurved lines can create a calming effect , while jagged lines might feel harsher , or create a sense of energy . rough , sketchy lines create a sense of movement and freedom , while smooth , solid lines feel more still and carefully planned . a line of sight or action might be suggested by the arrangement of figures and objects within a scene . for example , a group of figures all looking or pointing the same way can create an implied line that draws your eye through the work in a particular direction . make note of characteristics like hue red , green , blue , etc . value lightness or darkness , and intensity . look at overall color schemes , and think about how the colors work together . for example , do the colors clash , or are they harmonious does the work use a variety of colors , or is it monochromatic all shades of blue , for example space refers to the areas around and between objects in a work . when talking about space , focus on things like depth and perspective , overlapping of objects , and the use of empty space versus space crowded with details . if you are describing a two - dimensional work of art , like a painting , talk about whether or not the work creates the illusion of three - dimensional space and depth . light in a work of art can look warm or cool , bright or dim , natural or artificial . take a little time to talk about the role of light and shadow in the work . if youre talking about a two - dimensional work , like a painting , your focus might be on how the artist creates the illusion of light . for a three - dimensional work , like a sculpture , you could discuss how actual light interacts with the work . for example , is the surface reflective does the sculpture cast interesting shadows are some parts of the sculpture more shadowed or well - lit than others are the shapes in the work geometric , with straight lines and perfect curves , or are they more natural is the work dominated by any one particular type of shape , or do you see a variety of different shapesshapes play an important role in both abstract and representative works . for instance , in a portrait of a bride by james sant , there are notable triangle shapes made by the drape of the brides veil around her shoulders and the clasped hands in front of her chest . once you notice one shape in a painting , look to see if it is repeated anywhere else . once you have described the work , its time to analyze it , or discuss how it all comes together . start by talking about how the work is composed , keeping a few basic ideas in mind . for examplebalance how do the colors , shapes , and textures in the piece work together do they create a balanced or harmonious effect , or is the piece imbalanced in some way contrast does the work make use of contrasting colors , textures , or lighting contrast can also be found in the use of different shapes or contours , like jagged versus curved lines , or geometric versus natural shapes . movement how does the work create a sense of movement is your eye drawn through the composition in a particular way proportion do the sizes of the different elements in the work appear the way you would expect , or are they surprising for example , if the work shows a group of people , do any of the figures look larger or smaller than they would in real life most works of art have one or more points that are designed catch your attention and draw your eye . in a portrait , this may be the face or eyes of the subject . in a still - life , it could be a centrally - placed or well - lit object . try to identify which parts of the work are emphasized . look at the work and make note of which features jump out at you right away , or keep drawing your eye back to them . ask yourself why your eye is attracted to the features in question . for example , if you find yourself fixating on one figure in a group , is it because that figure is larger than the others are they closer to the viewer more brightly lit identify a few key themes , and discuss how the artist used the elements of design color , light , space , shape , and line to express these themes . themes might include things likethe use of a color scheme to give the work a particular mood or meaning . see , for example , the paintings of picassos blue period . symbolism and religious or mythological imagery . for example , look at the use of figures and symbols from classical mythology in renaissance works like botticellis birth of venus . repeating images or motifs within a work or group of works . for a good example of this , look at how plants and flowers are used in many of the paintings of frida kahlo . in other words , what do you think the artist was trying to say with the work why did they create the work try to summarize the overall meaning of the work , as you see it . now its time to get a little more subjective . think about how you feel while looking at the work . what do you think is the overall mood of the work does it remind you of anything ideas , experiences , other works of artuse expressive language to talk about your reaction to the work . for example , is the mood of the work sad hopeful peaceful would you describe the work as beautiful , or ugly use examples from your description and analysis of the work to explain why you think and feel the way you do about the piece . for example , i believe that james sants portrait of a young bride is intended to give a sense of the brides spiritual devotion . this is indicated by the line of the composition , which draws the viewers eye upward , following the upward gaze of the subject . it is also suggested by warm light , coming from a source somewhere above the young woman . your goal here isnt necessarily to decide whether the art is good or bad . instead , focus on whether you think the work is successful . for example , think about the followingdo you think the work says what the artist wanted it to say did the artist use their tools and techniques well is the art original , or does it imitate other works once you have decided on a few aspects of the work to judge , clearly state the focus of your evaluation . for example , you might say that you are judging the piece on how well organized it is , how well done it is technically , and how successfully it portrays the intended mood or themes . in a few sentences , explain your judgment of the work . give specific reasons for your judgment , using your interpretation and analysis of the work . for example , i believe this work is successful because the use of light , shape , gesture , and line all work together harmoniously to portray the mood of the subject .

read the literature carefully . create a graphic organizer . think about the literal meaning . think about what the author might be suggesting about society or humanity . form a thesis statement . locate evidence in the literature to support your thesis . make an outline . write the essay . revise the essay .

how to critique literature 1

you start a critique not when you sit down to write the essay , but when you sit down to read the work of literature . ask yourself why the characters do the things they do in all works of literature , whether novels , short stories , essays , or poems . to help you organize the plot and characters so that you can think about the text , it is useful to make a graphic organizer . there are many ways to set up a chart so that you can organize your observations , including an idea web , venn diagram , t - chart , and more . for example , for a t - chart , list the names of the characters in one column and their actions in another as you read . after reading , you can add a column with why you think they did each action . after you are done reading a piece of literature , think about what each character did and how each action contributed to the plot . look at your graphic organizer to help you understand what happened in the book . dont try to decide what that author is saying at this point . just look at the actions and plot at face value . this is similar to artwork . instead of looking at a painting to figure out what the artist was communicating , just look at what is literally present in the painting . for example , what items are present in van goghs ‘starry night dont think about what he is trying to say in this painting think about the stars , the swirling night sky , and the houses below . after you have a good understanding of the events of the book , you can try to understand what the author was suggesting about human nature through the characters and their actions . these things are called the themes . for example , ask yourself , why does the witch turn the prince into a beast in beauty and the beast what does this action suggest about human nature also think about what lesson the reader can learn from the characters . what does the beast teach us after you have selected one lesson the reader can learn from the work of literature , it is time to make a thesis statement out of it . a thesis statement is a single sentence that makes a claim about the piece of literature that can be supported using textual evidence , such as quotes from the piece of literature . the format for a thesis may look something like this is true because , , and . the first blank is your opinion . for example , the beast teaches us that we should be hospitable to everyone . the rest of the blanks tell why your opinion is true the beast teaches us that we should be hospitable to everyone because he learns from his mistake , becomes a compassionate person through his time as a beast , and regrets that he was ever rude to the witch . however , keep in mind that there are many different ways to form a thesis . what is most important if to make sure that your thesis includes a claim and a summary of the reasons for your claim . for example , you might phrase your thesis as because the beast suffers for his actions , beauty and the beast argues that we should be hospitable to everyone and this theme carries through the story . look again at your graphic organizer and look for events that demonstrate all of the reasons your thesis is true . highlight these events and make sure you have the page numbers . you can summarize these events , or use direct quotes from the book , but both need to have a page number . this prevents plagiarism . for example , you might use a quote that shows how the beast is inhospitable as one of your first examples . then , you might use other examples from the text to show the continuation of this theme . you do not have to use direct quotes all of the time . you can also paraphrase a passage by putting it into your own words , or summarize longer passages by describing the events in a less detailed way in your own words . no matter if you are quoting , paraphrasing , or summarizing , make sure that you include a page number for your evidence . make an outline using your thesis statement in order to prepare an organized essay . an outline should have roman numerals for each paragraph and regular numbers for the parts of each paragraph . look up an example of a good outline to guide you . fill in the outline with topic sentences and events from the literature that support each topic sentence . writing the essay should not be difficult if you have a detailed outline prepared . write at least five paragraphs . the thesis statement comes at the end of the first paragraph , and each body paragraph has one or two quotes or examples from the text . make sure to introduce each quote and then explain the quote or example after you put it in the body paragraphs . close the essay with a conclusion paragraph , where you summarize the essay in just a few sentences . be sure to proofread and edit your essay . look for typos , punctuation errors , and grammar errors . you should correct these mistakes called revising before turning in the essay . it is helpful to have someone else read the essay to help you find these errors .

identify the category of reality series you want to create . create the unique hook for your show . after youve decided on your shows premise and unique hook , youll be able to create a captivating title for your reality show that supports the core concept . if youre creating a docu - style series idea , youll want to focus on writing a synopsis including these three things describing the specific people involved and their relationships , describing the unique world the show takes place in , and describing the potential events that will unfold . if youre creating a competition format , focus on writing a synopsis of the arc of the series that describes how the competition works and progresses over the course of the season . once you create and write your title , logline , and synopsis , you should ideally have a very brief but impactful pitch between 1 and 4 pages . prior to any exposure in the marketplace production companies , agents , networks , or marketing services get proof - of - creation by researching online archival services for your reality tv show pitch . research production companies that produce similar shows within the same genre as yours . use tv industry websites that producers use for scouting new tv show ideas and formats . when pitching producers in person , be very direct by immediately communicating the unique agenda of the show . when a production company is interested , they will propose an option agreement to you , for your project . be sure to consult with an attorney before signing any deal .

how to create and pitch an idea for a reality tv show

this may be a docu - style series that shows viewers a unique world , family , lifestyle or business . or it may be a competition series with a structured format , leading to an ultimate winner or specific result . this will be the unique premise and agenda that fuels the events in the series , and the ultimate result that we witness . a title should be clever , clear , have impact , and tell us what were essentially watching . , this may involve the elimination of contestants based on competition or choices by judges or other person , or it may involve points or votes awarded that lead to a single winner each episode or at season end . , this provides third party proof that you created this specific and unique expression of a tv format at a specific date and time . never send your pitch unsolicited , but do send a direct query requesting permission to submit your reality show pitch for their consideration . production companies scouting online at websites like the tv writers vault are required to agree to a non disclosure agreement , and are tracked electronically by the database as they access materials , reading your tv show pitch . although most companies do not take unsolicited pitches , it is still critical that you make efforts to find direct connections to development executives and producers at production companies . some will take a pitch submission , and most will require you to sign a material release form which acknowledges their role within the creative tv industry and the fact that they may already be working on a similar or identical project , and therefore have the right to produce such . follow that with specific descriptions of what were potentially seeing unfold in the show . but dont get bogged down in too much detail . you want to give the powerful highlights in very efficient beats . this may include the specific challenges , or ultimatums and contestants or subjects face . this is gives the production company exclusive rights , for a limited time period typically 12 months to sell your tv show idea to a network . a standard producing deal for a tv show idea created , should include an on - screen created by credit , some form of producing credit , a per episode fee usually a percentage of the shows per episode budget , and small percentage of the production companys profits .

read the work of literature critically . evaluate as you read . brainstorm which aspect to write about . formulate a thesis statement . create an outline . select quotes and patterns that support your thesis . find other criticism to support your thesis . use the outline to write your paper . pay attention to assignment and style guidelines . discuss your quotes . revise your critique .

how to critique literature 2

when you read a work of literature with the purpose of critiquing it , whether a poem , short story , nonfiction essay , or memoir , you must read it with an active mind . this means that you should ask questions as you read . you should read with a pen and paper handy , as well as with a dictionary . write down the main ideas in the margins and look up words as you go . ask how , why , and so what questions to help you read critically . aside from noting when important ideas occur in the margins of the text , you should write down important ideas and themes on a piece of paper as you read , noting the page numbers . you should also think about the text in terms of critical thinking , such as evaluating the works clarity , accuracy , and current relevance to society . evaluate elements of the work as you go , such as plot , themes , instances of character development , setting , symbols , conflicts , and point of view . think about how these elements interact to form the main theme . before you settle on a thesis statement—in fact , to formulate a thesis statement in the first place—you should brainstorm what aspect of the work you want to write about . look at your notes from while you were reading and see if there are any ideas that you have already extracted from the piece , and place these ideas in your brainstorming . you may want to choose a theme from the work that particularly struck you and critique how well the author presented this theme through the elements you evaluated in your notes . there are many ways to brainstorm , includingmaking a list , mapping out a web , and freewriting . for example , while reading pride and prejudice , you might feel that mr . darcys character needed more development than jane austen gave him , or you might prefer janes character to lizzys and feel that she would have made a better heroine for example , jane shares a name with the author , giving you grounds to explore the argument that austen might have actually preferred her . make a list , web , or freewrite out of ideas like these . once you have populated a brainstorming list and selected a critical perspective whether based on your own observation or on a critical theory , you should compose a working thesis statement . a working thesis is one that can be changed and adapted to your writing as you compose the essay . the thesis should present your opinion in an arguable manner accompanied by a solid reason why your opinion is true . the formula for a basic thesis statement might look like this is true because of , , and . you should always use an outline as it requires you to organize your thinking in a logical manner so that your critique is sound and credible . an outline will include elements like your thesis statement , the content of your body paragraphs , and quotes and examples with page numbers . it makes writing the actual essay much easier because all of your research is compiled in one place . you can also take advantage of an outline to form key sentences like the hook first line of the intro paragraph , topic and transition sentences for each body paragraph , and your conclusion . while you are creating the outline , you can start to pick out direct quotes and examples from the text itself the primary source and any research you have done secondary sources . if you place a topic sentence in each body paragraph , you can add the right quotes to support each idea . look at your notes and identify any patterns you see in the text that support your thesis statement , such as how no one is ever sure what mr . darcy is doing until after the fact , contributing to a lack of character development in pride and prejudice if you were trying to prove the validity of an argument that mr . darcy is not developed enough , for example . you must include a page number or authorial attribution anytime that you talk about a specific event paraphrase a quote paraphrase a passage or use any direct quote . you usually insert a page number in parentheses after the sentence . in order to write a strong critique , you need outside sources to agree with you . this boosts the credibility of your argument and shows that you have the strength of mind to think critically about what you read . outside sources are also called secondary sources , and you need to make sure they are reliable , such as peer reviewed literary journal or magazine articles , published books , and chapters from books . you should also address any criticism that does not agree with your thesis , as refuting the counterargument also builds your credibility . once you have gathered your research , formed a thesis statement , and filled in a detailed outline , it is time to write the critique . at this point , you will have plenty of information , and all the organization has been done already , so writing the piece should go smoothly . if you created your outline on a word processor , then you can simply fill in the outline with additional information . you can also treat the outline as a roadmap . consult it as you draft your paper to make sure that you are including all of the points and examples that you have identified . make sure that you follow your instructors guidelines for the assignment . for example , you may have specific questions that you need to answer in your paper . you might also have a page length or word count requirement that you need to meet . you will also need to use the correct style to format your paper , such as mla , apa , or chicago . mla is more common for literary - based essays , but you should ask your instructor if you are not sure . your paper should include quotes from the primary source the work of literature itself and from secondary sources articles and chapters that help your argument . make sure you analyze every quote that you include so that you are expressing your own opinion rather than regurgitating someone elses . for example , after offering a quote , you might explain what the quote means or demonstrates as well as how it supports your thesis . do not simply paraphrase or summarize the quotes after you offer them . summary does not show critical thinking . instead , try to explain the significance of each quote or example to your readers . try to create quote sandwiches . a quote sandwich is simply how you position a quote in an essay . you should have a sentence introducing the quote and its author , then have the quote itself , followed by one or more sentences analyzing the quote right after it . make sure you include a referencesworks cited list with all sources you quote from or paraphrase in the essay . this prevents plagiarism . proofreading , editing , and revision are all important parts of the writing process and should be done before turning in or publishing a critique of literature . when doing the revision , it is helpful to have someone else look over the essay or read it out loud yourself to find careless mistakes , awkward phrasing , and weak organization .

look up the author and cultural context . highlight and look up words and passages you dont understand . investigate the meaning of the title . decide on the central theme . examine components of the work . form an interpretation of the work .

how to critique literature 3

if you are reading a piece of literature with the purpose of critiquing it internally rather than for an essay , you should begin with understanding the cultural milieu of the piece . knowing the social context of a written work boosts your understanding of the vocabulary , setting , and character motivations , all of which are critical for forming an accurate critique . bring a highlighter or pen with you to your reading sessions , and mark words you dont understand . looking them up in a dictionary as you read will increase your understanding of the text , just as knowing the cultural milieu in which the text was written does . once you begin reading , consider the significance of the title . ask yourself why the author chose this title . is it a simple title , merely relating the main setting or object , such as the title of the short story the yellow wallpaper if so , why would the author understate the work so much questioning the title helps in determining the main theme and contributes to a more accurate critique . thinking about the title will help you determine the main theme of the work . determining the main theme provides a trunk from which the branches of the rest of your examination of the text will spring . you will look at the elements of literature of this text , and knowing what theme they should be pointing to helps you to critique how well the author accomplishes this . examine the elements of the piece of literature youre reading by exploring how each element is presented in the text . identify examples of each element and determine how each relates to the main theme . you may want to write down where these connections take place in order to organize your thoughts . setting—description of the surroundings . plot—events of the text . characters—the motivations and depth of each character , such as how much they change or dont change as a result of the events . characters can be people , objects , even ideas especially in poetry . conflict—the opposition that the main character encounters and its climax and resolution . themes—what the narrator observes about human nature . point of view—the way that a character thinks , whether it is curious , condescending , etc . can also be the perspective the text is told , whether in first person , third person , etc . tone—the way the text feels , whether sad , happy , angry , apathetic , etc . symbols—objects , people , or places that repeat consistently throughout the story and seem to represent another abstract idea . once you have analyzed the different elements of the text , you may form an interpretation based on your analyses . this interpretation could be that the author could have done a better job , that the author is profound , that some elements of the text connect to modern society in an interesting way , etc . you may want to write down your interpretation of the work at this point , as it is an excellent springboard into a thesis statement , if you end up needing to write a paper about this text . you can review outside sources such as peer reviewed articles and books to verify that your interpretation is accurate or needs work .

follow standard formatting guidelines . write catchy character descriptions , in a voice or tone that is reflective of the scripts style and mood . include fonts and graphics as appropriate . close the cast list off with a short summation of the plays settings and details of the intermission or lack thereof .

how to design a creative cast page

there are certain specifications for your page design that should not be altered use standard margins , 1 inch 2 . 54 cm in from the edges , and 12 inch 1 . 27 cm hanging indents if any of the character descriptions take up more than 1 line . do not include a page number on your creative cast page . set the names of the cast members apart from the rest of the text by capitalizing them or using a bold font . next to the characters name , be sure to include the following information identifying information . this includes , but is not limited to age , race , physical description and gender . a short write - up of the characters personal back - story . try to provide a sense of who that character is as a person , what the characters defining personality traits are , etc . multiple casting designations . indicate if a character on the cast list is meant to play more than 1 character in the play . animated graphics portraying head shots of the cast members is a good way to customize the cast page . these graphics should be placed right next to each coinciding character description . draw attention to names on the cast list by enlarging or bolding the font , or use a different font altogether . choose a font for your creative cast page that seems to represent the feel of the play . just make sure it easy to read . again , stay within the tone of the production itself .

find a second - hand coffee table . clean and lightly sand the table to prepare it for painting . paint the table . gather your display pictures . arrange the objects on the table top in a way that appeals to you . attach each item with a small piece of tape so that it doesnt move . cover the table top with a piece of glass and enjoy .

how to create an artsy coffee table

, choose a color that will co - ordinate with the rest of your room . neutrals such as black or brown also work nicely . these can be pictures of friends and family , places youve visited , cardboard coasters from restaurants , cd covers , or any other flat objects that appeal to you . you could even mix and match to create a masterpiece combination . ,

check the age rating . if the anime hasnt been released on dvd yet , check myanimelist . net . check the reviews and description . watch the show yourself .

how to choose anime for children

funimation , viz media , and sentai filmworks always put age ratings on their releases . also , if you live in the uk the bbfc requires everything have an age rating on it , so theres no need to worry about unrated anime . even shows airing in japan currently have age ratings submitted by people who have watched the show and gave the rating from their best judgement . see what other people have to say about the show . sometimes the description can be a bit blurry , but theres clearly going to be an age rating difference between a show that says hamtaro and his friends have fun adventures all around town and another one that says in a post - apocalyptic world , a man stalker chases after attractive girls . every parent has different standards as for what is appropriate , so you may want to watch shows youre iffy about before you allow your kids to watch them .

encourage your schools to bring the arts to your school . have demonstrations of different types of art for the kids . have hands on lectures and classes . expose kids to as many careers as possible bring in paid professional groups or even parents to show what they do . start a career day at your school . have the kids study a different career and do a talk on the one of their choice . have the kids do mock towns in their school . have the kids role play their choice with drawings and ideas . let the kids dress the part . let them do the advertising for their shop with signs and flyers . motivate the other kids to want to visit the other stores by having each store do something to bring in the crowd .

how to expose kids to different careers in the arts at school

kids need to be exposed to many different types . there is design , performance art , sculpture , interior design , makeup artist , fashion design , art lecture , art exhibition , web design , just to name a few . , the students will set themselves up as their job of choice . you can have the interior design shop , or the computer designer store , etc . , kids learn by play , and they do not have to leave the school grounds to do this .

pick the subject that you want the book to be about . get inspiration . get some maps and figurines to make drawing easier . write down what you want to draw and write . get a sketchbook . collect all the pencils , crayons and markers you can find start drawing , if you dont want to publish your book , then skip this step .

how to create an art journal like the book tokyo on foot

it might be a place youve been or want to visit , a passion of yours , a person or animal , an object , an imaginary world , or anything else you want . surf the net and dig through magazines and books for inspiration . want to be drawing a book about an imaginary world than get pictures of unicorns and descriptions of how ogres live you should get all the pictures , quotations , drawings , ideas and stories you can about your subject study the figurine so you can see the proportions and details . looking at the map can help you design your own and maybe give you some ideas for names . this step is optional , but it may help you . you can write down what page will contain what , what style itll be drawn in cartoon , realistic , sketched , etc and any other notes you want . pick whatever size or style you want . if you can , get one that is decorated with the same thing as your book subject . it should be sturdy and have quality paper so it wont get damaged . another great thing to get would be a blank book . if its cover isnt glossed , you can draw on it , set aside time each day to draw your book . you might decide to do one page a day or an hour a week . photocopy all of the pages in your sketchbook and number them too . contact a publishing agency looking for pictureartetc books . if they want to see your book , then you can mail it . be sure too mail the photocopy and not your original artwork , though . you should either laminate the manuscript that youre sending or put it in a binder .

purchase your videos in a dvd format . purchase your videos in a blu - ray format . purchase and download video files to keep on your electronic device to play and watch at any time .

how to buy videos

dvd stands for digital versatilevideo disc . videos in this format can be played in a dvd player , or on most newer computers via the dvd - rom drive . purchase dvd videos at retail stores such as best buy or walmart . use online sources like the aforementioned brands websites , or at amazon . com in order to purchase dvd videos . hit up your local video store and see what previously - released videos they have for sale . purchasing a previously - watched copy can generally come at a greater cost savings than purchasing the video new from a traditional retailer . watch garage sales for even more videos to add to your collection . with the move to electronic file and blu - ray players , many families are selling their old dvds for a fraction of what you would pay had you purchased them from a retailer . this video format is newer than dvd , generally comes in high definition , and it is being heralded as the successor of the dvd format . because of their large storage capacity , these discs generally have a larger number of additional features than a dvd video disc . you can purchase blu - ray videos at both in - store locations and online just like a dvd video . another online source for blu - ray discs , though , is through the actual blu - ray website at httpwww . blu - ray . commovies . not only can you watch them on your computer , but most phones and tablet devices support video content as well . buy your movies at httpwww . apple . comituneswhats - onmovies , and start watching them in minutes . movies purchased through itunes can be watched via your computer , your television using apple tv , your ipod touch , ipad or iphone . both the amazon . com and best buy websites also have videos that you can purchase and download to watch anytime .

create a ticketmaster account . specify your city . find your event category . look at the top right for specific information . study the seating chart . choose your ticket amounts , price of the tickets youre willing to pay , and seat area for that price . go through ticketmasters captcha . review the seating ticket on the next screen . continue on with purchasing . choose your delivery method .

how to buy on ticketmaster

this will enable you to do more than just recovering passwords and order histories , etc . it helps you save personal information such as creditdebit card information , as well as the ability to print out receipts and tickets as soon as they are purchased . this will allow you to filter specific categories and events related to what is planned in the future . search and browse around from sports games to rock concerts or family friendly events . if you know of a future event but ticketmaster does not show it in the search , please know that tickets are not going to be available until a later date . if the option find tickets is enabled , it means that tickets are on sale . this informs the public of the on - sale dates and times including any exclusive pre - sale datestimes , price ranges for all tickets , and extra details concerning the specific event such as ticket limits per household , etc . this can not be expressed enough . even if its in the same arenavenue , the seating charts will not be the same as another showevent for example , concert vs . basketball game . you need to know how close or how far you will be away from the main entertainment or stage , as well as different levels if applicable , as there is a clear difference between a floor seat and balcony seat bleeder or near the ceiling . lots of venue websites , especially the ones located in metropolitan cities , have their own seating chart for different events . if youre a beginner to ticketmaster or want the site to choose for you for flexibility , then choosing best price is preferable . also , for events that are in demand or very popular , you might want to go through that route instead of trying to get the best seats . click on the red find tickets . this is a tool to discourage bots from using the website in order to gain tickets in a non - human method . it might look like a lot , thus why its very important to look at the seating chart . this will give you a preview of what specific seat you are paying for , the specific price for it , etc . you need to know that every ticket reviewed as a timer in the bottom right hand corner . this is the amount of time you have to make a decision if you want the seats or change your mind . you can either continue on to purchase it if youre satisfied or search again . searching again will then bring you back to the main ticket page for the event and place your old review back into the queue for anyone else to grab . know that when the general public is allowed to purchase tickets and depending on the demandpopularity of the event , you maymay not receive a better ticket than the last , so be careful how much time you spend on each ticket review . youll need to enter your credit card information or how you will be paying for the tickets . having an account has its perks , as you wouldnt need to worry about inputting information every time . this page also has its own unique timer , so please be sure that you have everything in front of you beforehand . shipping methods look exactly like as if youre purchasing any other item online . depending on where you live , you might find ground shipping to be the most efficient . if the event date is closer than a month or you wish to have the tickets immediately , choose the option of printing your tickets out or picking them up at the local box office . when printing tickets out , they will be an actual ticket , just on a 8x11 paper instead of regular ticket stubs - remember to bring the entire paper with you to the event

practice . work on the things you love . vary the art tools you use . get critiqued by family and friends . look outside your circle for opinions . learn to accept compliments gracefully . develop a strong personal style . be prolific . publish your work . join fine art societies and enter contests . find a reliable art agent . paint what you care about . keep growing as an artist .

how to become a famous artist

being called by the muse is a wonderful thing , without a doubt , but without the technical abilities to realize your vision , you wont get very far . whatever your chosen medium or media , become an expert in every part of it . set aside an hour or more each day to devote to nothing but practicing your technique . focus especially on those areas that are the weakest for you , but build your strengths as well . take advantage of the communities and resources that you can find . artist supply manufacturers , and art stores themselves , often have free literature , tutorials , videos , and websites that are loaded with tips , techniques , and more . some stores even offer weekend training seminars , where you can not only pick up some new skills , youll also meet other artists . choose one subject that is meaningful to you and that you want to be able to draw well . start with a still life , or a photo thats yours , in public domain , or that you have permission to use . draw or paint that same photo over and over , using different approaches—paint , pencil , abstract , realism—whatever moves you . build up from easy subjects , like a rubber ball or a rectangular block , to more complicated , difficult subject , like a rose , a clear glass marble or a shiny metal bowl . and try to get the details right the curves of a petal , the clarity of the glass , or reflections so good that escher would be impressed each of them will improve your ability to draw in general . practice timed gesture drawing . pick your subject , set your timer for two or three minutes , start drawing , then stop when the timer goes off , even if the drawing isnt finished . set the timer again and start over . doing 10 three minute drawings will give you more skill than taking half an hour to draw the same thing in detail . start off with a pencil , then go to charcoal , colored pencils , pastels , paint , whatever interests you . never fear trying new tools or techniques . when trying an expensive new medium , visit dick blick or jerrys artarama and email them for samples . many types of art suppliers make sample sized products or the company will send out just one stick or a small piece of the expensive paper or canvas for you to test before deciding what to buy . this gives you a chance to try it first and see if you like it . try more than one brand—the samples are usually not the same color and you can find out which brand to invest in by those trials . make it clear you want a real opinion , not just a biased , i love you so everything you do is wonderful opinion . if they think its good , then youre on the right track if they dont , youre still on the right track if several people think your technique is great , but your subject matter leaves something to be desired , thats an opportunity for self - reflection and to learn something . dont confuse critique with personal criticism , especially if the critic is somebody who is not interested in seeing you become an artist . look for critique from people who draw better than you do . make friends online with real artists whose work you admire . compliment them and ask intelligent questions about their techniques . youll rapidly find that many artists enjoy teaching beginners and will be happy to share what theyve learned . as you learn more , reach out to those who are just starting . you will learn more every time you explain and demonstrate what you already know . its very common for teachers to learn from their students when friends and family members love everything you draw and think its wonderful , or your mum was putting your childhood scribblings up on the fridge from the time you were two and believes youll be picasso someday , relax and enjoy that as support . the better you get at art , the easier it is for people to compliment you and call you talented . compliments can sometimes be critiques , and those are very valuable should an artist whose work you admire give you a compliment such as , i love the colors in this , this means they are not only nice enough to compliment you on your work , but have taken the time to understand and appreciate the choices you made . do this by learning to paint and draw your favorite subjects in all the ways that every painter you like best has done them . the more you learn technique and understand your own passions , the more your own style will emerge . having a personal style is a combination of learning to draw and paint well in your favorite mediums while consistently paying the most attention to your favorite subjects . you will become a specialist , a brand of one at a certain intermediate level of competence . mastering a subject and a medium comes later , at the point when you could do it easily without thinking at all about how you do it , yet always have consistent results . to get into a gallery , you should have a portfolio of up to a dozen of your best works , all of which have something in common , be it the subject or style , general size and level of skill . make your work available in as many formats as possible , so that there are no barriers for interested gallery owners or art patrons to view your work . the best way to become famous is to get known the internet offers many avenues to be seen and promote artistic works , and in the information - loaded 21st century , its important to use all the tools at your disposal to build your name and your reputation . blog daily about your work , and include illustrations showing your process and a gallery to show andor sell your finished works . visit all the galleries in your area , and get to know the proprietors . if youre old enough , attend as many openings as possible , not to promote your own work—there will be time enough for that later—but to become a known artist in the community . create a facebook for your art , and encourage people to visit and like your page . reach out to other artists through facebook . like visiting galleries , this will help place you in the community , and facebook can reach well beyond your neighborhood . tweet about art regularly . your art , historical art , pop art , any art at all . the more you know about art , the more youll be recognized as somebody worth paying attention to . at the same time , follow artists and galleries , and respond to their tweets . this will encourage more people—including gallery owners—to follow you . create a flickr account and post scans or photos of your art . its an active community , and while you wont get a lot of helpful critique on flickr , you will build your name recognition , and perhaps become online friends with some very talented artists . start with student level contests at first and small local art contests . teach workshops . this will help you not only get known as an artist , but also as an expert in your field . build your skills until you can enter major national and international contests in your chosen medium . enter juried art shows . getting a painting into a juried art show is itself an achievement to put on your resume . when you have too many , shorten it by listing only the most important shows . read up on art agencies and contact the agents other clients . see if they are happy with the agent , or are generally discontented or feel as if theyve been ripped off . agents will market you and your work , and also represent you in contract negotiation . make sure they are well - connected and good with contracts . you might also want to work with a reputable attorney who specializes in the art world . while an agent may know a bit about the law , their job is promotion . a lawyers only job is knowing about the applicable law . if you dont care about the subject , it will show in your work . many artists fall a little bit in love with their subject , whether it be a bowl of fruit or the artists model . if you like expressing anger and dark emotions , study dark painters . if you like abstracts and splatter paintings , study them and do them—they take their own techniques and dont just happen because someone threw paint at a canvas and called it art . if you love wildlife and the outdoors , get a small portable painting kit and paint en plein air outdoors in your favorite places . whatever your passion , find ways to capture that passion on the canvas . being a true artist is a lifelong pursuit . when youve reached the level of fame to which you aspire , with plenty of money and acclaim , you will still want to look forward to something beyond that . continuing to learn and invent , even after you are famous will not just keep you on top of your game , focused on the future instead of putting your best years behind you . as you style grows and changes , older paintings youve done become more valuable . collectors will be interested in the entire history of your lifes work . even the drawings you did as a child become valuable what your mom stuck to the fridge has the seeds of your current success , so dont throw away earlier works .

read the classics before 1600 . read the classics from 1600 - 1913 . read the classics from 1914 - 1995 . read more contemporary classics from 1980 to the present . read short stories . read plays . read poetry . read non - fiction . read popular fiction and non - fiction . set goals . blaze through top 100 lists . listen to audio books . get a kindle . reward yourself with fun books . start or join a book club . start a goodreads account . become an amazon top reviewer . hang out with other well - read people . listen to podcasts .

how to be well read

reading the classics is the very first thing you have to do to be well - read . if you want to build a solid foundation for your understanding of the books you read , then you cant avoid some of the earliest plays , poems , and oral tales ever written down . remember that the novel didnt really get popular until the 18th century , so you wont find novels on this list . without reading the poetry of homer or the plays of sophocles , you wont be able to call yourself well - read . heres a list to get you started the epic of gilgamesh unknown author 18th – 17th century bce the iliad and the odyssey by homer 850–750 bce , 8th century bce the oresteia by aeschylus 458 bce oedipus the king by sophocles 430 bce medea by euripides 431 bce aeneid by virgil 29–19 bce one thousand and one nights unknown author 700–1500 beowulf unknown author 975 - 1025 the tale of genji by murasaki shikibu 11th century the divine comedy by dante 1265–1321 the decameron by boccaccio 1349–53 the canterbury tales by chaucer 14th century though a large amount of material is covered in these measly 300 years , reading the books from the time period when the novel emerged until the beginning of world war i will give you a sense of the progress that the novel and other works had made throughout the romantic and victorian periods , as well as an understanding of the realism that was the traditional mode for novels which was then turned on its head with the advent of modernism and the disillusionment that came from wwi . heres a list to get you started don quixote by cervantes 1605 part 1 , 1615 part 2 taming of the shrew , romeo and juliet , a midsummer nights dream , the merchant of venice , much ado about nothing , as you like it , julius caesar , hamlet , othello , king lear , and macbeth by william shakespeare 1593 , 1594 , 1595 , 1596 , 1598 , 1599 , 1599 , 1600 , 1604 , 1605 , 1605 gullivers travels by jonathan swift 1726 pride and prejudice by jane austen 1813 faust by johann wolfgang von goethe 1832 le père goriot by honoré de balzac 1835 dead souls by nikolai gogol 1842 wuthering heights by emily brontë 1847 moby - dick by herman melville 1851 madame bovary by gustave flaubert 1856 great expectations by charles dickens 1861 war and peace and anna karenina by leo tolstoy 1869 , 1877 heart of darkness by joseph conrad 1899 crime and punishment and the brothers karamazov by fyodor dostoevsky 1866 , 1880 middlemarch by george eliot 1871 this time period spans the advent of modernism , an experimental form of fiction , as well as a rebellion against traditional narratives . reading the classics of this time period will help you gain an understanding of the dramatic transformation of literature in the 20th century . heres a list to get you going in search of lost time by marcel proust 1913–27 ulysses by james joyce 1922 the magic mountain by thomas mann 1924 the great gatsby by f . scott fitzgerald 1925 the trial by franz kafka 1925 mrs dalloway and to the lighthouse by virginia woolf 1925 , 1927 the sound and the fury by william faulkner 1929 the stranger by albert camus 1942 the fountainhead by ayn rand 1943 nineteen eighty - four by george orwell 1949 the catcher in the rye by j . d . salinger 1951 invisible man by ralph ellison 1952 the sun also rises and the old man and the sea by ernest hemingway 1926 , 1952 the lord of the rings by j . r . r . tolkien 1954 , 1955 lolita by vladimir nabokov 1955 pedro páramo by juan rulfo 1955 things fall apart by chinua achebe 1958 rabbit , run by john updike 1960 to kill a mockingbird by harper lee 1960 the golden notebook by doris lessing 1962 the bell jar by sylvia plath 1963 one hundred years of solitude by gabriel garcía márquez 1967 slaughterhouse - five by kurt vonnegut 1969 though these books havent stood the test of decades of time , there are still a number of contemporary novels that are so popular that it may feel like everyone has read them . in fact , reading these books may make you feel the most well - read because people will be talking about them the most . here are some books to get you started midnights children by salman rushdie 1981 the handmaids tale by margaret atwood 1984 beloved by toni morrison 1987 the wind - up bird chronicle by haruki murakami 1997 american pastoral by philip roth 1997 the god of small things by arundhati roy 1997 disgrace by j . m . coetzee 1999 white teeth by zadie smith 2000 atonement by ian mcewan 2001 the amazing adventures of kavalier and klay by michael chabon 2001 everything is illuminated by johnathan safran foer 2002 middlesex by jeffery eugenides the kite runner by khaled hosseini 2003 the known world by edward p . jones 2003 gilead by marilynne robinson 2004 the brief wondrous life of oscar wao by junot diaz 2007 2666 by roberto bolaño 2008 swamplandia by karen russell 2011 short stories are an incredible genre all their own , and if you really want to be well - read , then you have to read the short stories of classic masters as well as some contemporary short stories . for short stories , its more important to read the works of a particular author than a collection , so here is a list of classic short story writers as well as more contemporary writers that you have to check out classic short story masters 1600 - 1950 edgar allan poe , anton chekhov , ernest hemingway , jorge luis borges , kafka , isaac babel , john updike , katherine mansfield , eudora welty , and ray bradbury . contemporary short story masters 1950 - present flannery oconnor , raymond carver , donald barthelme , tim o brien , george saunders , jhumpa lahiri , junot diaz , z . z . packer , joyce carol oates , and denis johnson . classic short story collections in our time by ernest hemingway 1925 a good man is hard to find by flannery oconnor 1953 what we talk about when we talk about love by raymond carver 1981 jesus son by denis johnson 1992 interpreter of maladies by jhumpa lahiri 1999 if you want to be well - read , then you also have to read the works of classic playwrights . though shakespeare is the playwright you should know the best , he has been previously listed . however , there are other contemporary and not - so - contemporary plays that you should read if you want to call yourself well - read . check these out everything by shakespeare , including macbeth , romeo and juliet , and much ado about nothing 1606 , 1597 , 1599 hedda gabler and a dolls house by henrik ibsen 1890 , 1879 the importance of being earnest by oscar wilde 1895 cyrano de bergerac by edmund rostand 1897 the cherry orchard and uncle vanya by chekhov 1904 , 1897 pygmalion by george bernard shaw 1912 our town by thornton wilder 1938 death of a salesman and the crucible by arthur miller 1949 , 1953 waiting for godot by samuel beckett 1949 twelve angry men by reginald rose 1954 a streetcar named desire , the glass menagerie , cat on a hot tin roof by tennessee williams 1947 , 1944 , 1955 no exit by john - paul sartre 1944 inherit the wind by jerome lawrence 1955 long days journey into night and the iceman cometh by eugene oneill 1956 , 1946 a raisin in the son by lorraine hansberry 1959 whos afraid of virginia woolf by edward albee 1963 rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead by tom stoppard 1966 betrayal by harold pinter 1978 though the people around you may be less likely to talk about poetry unless you run in well - read circles , its important to familiarize yourself with both classic and contemporary poets so that you can be part of the conversation . here are some books to get you started shakespeares sonnets by william shakespeare 1609 paradise lost by john milton 1667 the complete poems by john keats 1815 leaves of grass by walt whitman 1855 the collected poems of langston hughes by langston hughes the poetry of robert frost by robert frost the collected poems of emily dickinson by emily dickinson the waste land and other poems by t . s . eliot 1922 twenty love poems and a song of despair by pablo neruda 1924 e . e . cummings complete poems , 1904 - 1962 by e . e . cummings howl and other poems by allen ginsberg 1956 ariel by sylvia plath 1965 the complete poems , 1927 - 1979 by elizabeth bishop opened ground selected poems , 1966 - 1996 by seamus heaney if you really want to be well - read , then you cant just read stuff that people made up . youll have to read some non - fiction too so that you know whats going on in the world of politics , history , popular science , and whatever the heck else is going on in the world . here are the different types of non - fiction that you should familiarize yourself with history politics magazines memoirs biographies the news if you really want to know what everyone is talking about , then you cant just sit around reading virgil . youll have to know whats going on in the modern world too , and to read those beach reads or plane reads or oprahs book club has been talking about . how do you know what to read well , check out what people are reading on planes , beaches , etc , and also check out the new york times bestseller list to check out which books are on the list . here are some popular books that have all been published in the last twenty years that nearly everyone has read these days the wheel of time series by robert jordan the harry potter series by j . k . rowling any novel by nicholas sparks any novel by john grisham the hunger games trilogy by suzanne collins the da vinci code by dan brown bonfire of the vanities by tom wolfe fear of flying by erica jong books by bernard cornwell the a song of ice and fire series by george r . r . martin the year of magical thinking by joan didion a heartbreaking work of staggering genius by dave eggers freakonomics by steven levitt eat , pray , love by elizabeth gilbert outliers and the tipping point by malcom gladwell the twilight series by stephanie meyer the alchemist by paolo coelho the girl with the dragon tattoo series by stieg larsson how can setting goals make reading more fun , you may ask well , because youll feel good about yourself if you accomplish something , thats why . start small say , you want to read one book a month . then go down to a book every two weeks . when youre officially addicted to reading , you can read one book a week - - or even two . make a list of books and stick to them and youll be reading more and more in no time at all . setting goals will also keep you from wasting your time in less productive endeavors . lets say youve aimed to finish ulysses by the weekend but theres a marathon of bad girls club on . bye bye bad girls , hello culture . the modern library , amazon , time magazine , and the new york times have some great top 100 lists that can make you feel even more accomplished for reading . youll feel extremely well - read and good about yourself if you find yourself going down a list and crossing off every book youve read . check out these lists for more reference the modern library top 100 modern books list . time magazines best book of all time list . the guardians top 100 books of all time list . read books by nobel - prize winning authors . check out the list of authors herethe village voices list of best books of the previous decade , by genre . open an account at audible . com or start listening to books youve rented from your local library . listening to audiobooks is a great way to be well - read when youre too tired to pick up a book and read . you can also listen to the books in the car , which is perfect for a long commute , or on your ipod while youre taking a walk . suddenly youll be looking forward to that long drive to work instead of dreading it before you buy or rent the book , see if you can listen to a sample to make sure you like the voice of the person who is reading . if you think the person has an annoying voice , the book will feel like a slow read . though a kindle can cost over 100 , youll quickly save money when you start buying books at the discount rate it offers . you can buy many classic novels , such as the works of henry james , for under one dollar , and you can get contemporary novels at a 10 - 25 discount from what you would pay in the store , depending on the book . getting a kindle will also allow you to download a book the second you have a reading craving , instead of waiting around for a convenient time to run to the store . when you have a kindle , you can also sample a chapter of a book before buying it , so you can still browse the books a bit . though being well - read is important , having fun when youre reading is important too . whats your vice - - cheesy detective novels , harlequin romances , or thrillers whatever books you really love to read , dont give em up just to read charles dickens . instead , reward yourself say that for every classic novel or literary novel you read , youll get to read one thriller , one beach romance , or one book of whatever genre you love the most . being part of a book club will not only help you make friends with other well - read people , but it will open you up to a wider variety of books and will give you strict deadlines for finishing the books , as well as some time to think about what the books mean to you . book clubs will keep you from speeding from one book to the next without stopping to think what it all means . in most book clubs , youll have a chance to pick a book for the club to read , so youll get to share one of your favorite authors with others . if you start an account on goodreads , youll be able to make a list of all the books youve read or want to read , review the books youve read , and to interact with other book lovers . starting an account is free and will connect you to even more books and more readers . and more importantly , itll make you more excited about reading , so start an account today , get an account at amazon if you dont have one already and start reviewing all of those great books youve read . once youve reviewed a ton of books and have written interesting and thoughtful reviews , youll be on your way to reaching top reader status . if you do make it to top reader , youll get perks like discounts , and the ability to read books before their official release date . and even if you dont become a top reader , taking the time to review the books youve read will help you think about what youve read . just hanging out with people who love to read , whether theyre your co - workers or members of your book club , will open you up to more ideas of what books to read next , and will give you a better sense of which books are popular . theres no point in being well - read if you cant use your knowledge to have interesting discussions with other people . you can download free podcasts , such as the new yorker fiction podcasts , or kcrws weekly bookworm podcasts , to hear writers read from their favorite stories or to hear authors discuss their new books . you can also get your news from podcasts , and listen anything from chekhovs stories to classic speeches in american history , such as the gettysburg address . try these podcasts to become more well - read without reading a word the new yorker fiction podcast kcrws bookworm pris selected shorts wbez chicagos this american life pris america abroad learnoutlouds great speeches in history podcast new york times book review podcast

practice . deconstruct the talents you hope to acquire . practice until you can self - correct . be consistent and persistent . remove distractions during practice .

how to be talented in multiple areas 1

whatever it is youre trying to be talented at , you know you have to practice . this is especially true if you hope to be talented in multiple areas . fortunately , you may not need to practice quite as much as you think , and can likely make the time to practice multiple skills every day . in order to get the most out of the time you put in , you have to focus on what youre hoping to learn . practice two different skills 40 - 45 minutes each , every day for a month . dont worry if you miss a day of practicing one of your talents once in a while . if you practice each skill almost every day for a month , youll have put in about 20 hours of focused practice on improving each of the talents you hope to develop in order to practice deliberately and efficiently , you need to make sure you are absolutely focused during practice . one way to help maximize the efficiency of your practice time is to deconstruct the talents you hope to improve upon into specific skills . ask yourself what , specifically , do you need to be good at in order to be more talented at whatever ability youre developing choose specific objectives to achieve each time you sit down to practice something . repeat a small task or process many , many times until youve mastered it . for instance , if youre trying to improve your ability to play a sport , choose an extremely basic aspect of playing that sport and spend 45 minutes straight on just that specific aspect . for example , if youre hoping to become a better soccer player , dribble a soccer ball back and forth on the field with just one foot . if youre hoping to improve your talent as a basketball player , shoot only lay - ups . deconstructing your effort to improve one talent will help you improve other talents as well . following the sports example , doing anything physically active will get you in better shape and improve your coordination , both of which will increase your physical abilities generally . practice enough so that you are able to both notice and correct errors in your execution of a particular ability . once youve completed a disciplined practice routine , during which you practice almost daily for a month , you will likely reach this point . moving forward , your practice will become more efficient . this is because you have gained a solid base of knowledge from which your talent will more naturally progress . for instance , if youre hoping to improve your ability to play an instrument , practice playing the same single notes or chord so frequently than you automatically know exactly what you did wrong when the sound is even a little bit off . dabbling and practicing are different things . jogging or painting twice a week are fun and healthy things to do , but in order to acquire talent , you need to be more disciplined in your pursuit of improvement . something that may help you be persistent is choosing two very different talents to practice and improve upon during the same time period . get in the groove of practicing at the same time of day each day . try practicing skills related to two talents youre hoping to improve upon back - to - back . get in the habit of practicing one talent then immediately practicing the other . for example , right when you get home from a daily run , sit down to paint . grouping your practice sessions together will encourage you to do both consistently . work on two widely different talents to increase the variety of your daily activities . following the example used in this step , doing something active like running pairs well with something creative and contemplative , like painting . do not rely entirely on willpower to focus adequately during practice time . here are a few tips to ensure your practice time is free of interruption set aside a block of time devoted exclusively to practice and commit to practicing for that full length of time . set a timer if youd like . turn your phone on silent . make sure there are no screens running in your vicinity unless youre using them to help you practice . if you have music playing , consider choosing something without lyrics .

develop your artistic skills by taking art classes , classes in interior design , architectural design , and computer - aided drafting cad . volunteer at a local theater , or on student films , in any position that involves creating a set . build a portfolio of your best work . apprentice with an experienced art director . continue to develop your skills by remaining up - to - date on cad and design work . look for a job as an art director . accept any job that will help you get your foot in the door at a studio . be courteous to everybody you meet , and promote yourself as an art director .

how to become an art director in film

many of these courses are offered as part of college studies , but you can also enroll in certificate programs or see what your local community college offers . whether you build the backdrop , design an entire set , or work as a prop master , the experience will help you build invaluable skills for your career . take photographs of sets you designed , and if you have clippings with favorable reviews of any production you worked on , add them . if you have any film work , create a reel with clips . of course , this is easier said than done , but learning from somebody who is highly experienced and skilled will enhance the quality of your work . send out cover letters and resumes , along with your portfolio , to art directors in your area and ask if he or she needs an intern or an apprentice . dont expect to be paid for any of this work , so youll need another source of income to support yourself . try to always be working on a project , even if its an amateur production , an internship , or a low - budget film . approach production companies , directors , and studio execs by email or mail with your cover letter , resume and portfolio . reply to classifieds on mandy . com and other film production job boards . daily contact with others in the business will allow you to expand your network of film professionals and help you find out about positions opening up . you never know when your resume might land on the right desk and get you a call back .

start with a bang . have fun onstage . dont call attention to your mistakes . end your show in a memorable way .

how to be a good entertainer 1

audiences tend to be both impatient and judgmental , so you want to capture their attention as soon as possible and hold it for as long as you can . structure your performance so it begins with something memorable or impressive to break the ice and engage the crowd . if youre a stand up , start with a joke about your appearance or something else your audience might notice when they first look at you . if youre a musician , lead off with a high energy number , as opposed to a ballad . start off confident , but make sure to save your best trick for the end of the performance . the reason people go see performers is to be entertained . its not entertaining to see a performer going through the motions – audiences want to see performers living out their dreams and leaving it all on the stage . if you come offstage and youre not exhausted , then you still had more to give . smile try putting vaseline on your teeth to keep your teeth from sticking to your lips . the more comfortable you get with your performance or routine , the easier it will be for you to have fun . improvise something new every time you perform - this will keep your performance from feeling stale . dont bottle your enjoyment up inside – let it out and share it with your audience . they want to live vicariously through you . mistakes happen in life and in art . how entertainers deal with mistakes can separate the artists from the amateurs . if you mess up , dont worry about it and dont telegraph your mistake to the audience . if you a make a mistake , move on . the audience probably wont even notice if you dont call it out . know that the audience is rooting for you to succeed . if you fall or mess up , they want to see you overcome and move forward . the end of your show is the last thing your audience will remember , so its important to end your performance with a bang . if you plan on having an encore , make sure you prepare for it ahead of time . leave your audience wanting more . look at your set list and edit one to two things out . know when its time to wrap up – sometimes its better to end the show early than to prolong something that people clearly arent enjoying . if your venue has a curfew , be respectful of that . be cognizant of time and dont run over .

defy negative thoughts . strengthen your position with positive thinking . practice the thinking part too .

how to be talented in multiple areas 2

in order to maintain talent in multiple areas , train yourself to prevent negative thoughts that can diminish your ability to work towards achieving the multiple goals you set for yourself . there are several ways to rid your mind of negative thinkingovercome fear . audacious , yes . but reflect on whats holding you back . the most common barriers to acquiring talent are based on your emotions . recognize this and prevent emotional perspectives , such as fear , from preventing you from pursuing whatever talent you wish to acquire . filter out the negative . we tend to filter out the positive and be overly concerned with the negative , especially in terms of our perspective on our own abilities . dont fall for this mental trap . contemplate your room for improvement only insofar as it motivates you to continue improving . recognize the middle ground . abandon the concept of perfection . dont think that you must be perfect at something to consider yourself talented . optimism isnt going to make you good at anything on its own , but it will help . recognize that it is objectively within your control to decide how to think about something , especially goals you set for yourself and your ability to accomplish them . respond to negative thoughts that arise by re - framing them in equally true , but more positive perspectives . for instanceinstead of thinking , ive never done this before , and it seems hard , think , heres an opportunity to learn , and there are a few different ways to approach this . instead of thinking , im too lazy or theres no way i can do that , tell yourself , i havent put enough time into this , but i can at least try it and see how it goes . finally , dont get discouraged by thoughts about how slowly your talents are improving . decide to tell yourself that its worth one more try . even convincing yourself to favor positive thinking takes practice . it will pay off though . become less critical of the world around you , and of yourself , simply by repeating positive sentiments to yourself and pushing away negative thoughts . maintaining a positive mindset will not only improve your mood , but will help motivate you to stick with the hard work required to acquire new talents .

monitor your progress . rest . accept that innate skill is less significant than practice and perseverance . improve upon talents that interest you . read .

how to be talented in multiple areas 3

know that focused practice will not always be fun . realizing the development of your talents , however , will be . take note of and appreciate your achievements – such as a new personal record mile time or a particularly compelling painting . if there are tangible indications of your progress perhaps especially paintings , place them in locations you will frequently see them in order to motivate yourself to continue practicing and improving upon your talents keep your mind and body ready to practice with focus and energy . more to the point , rest strategically . if the talent youre trying to improve requires intense physical activity or mental focus , youre going to have to keep your mind and body conditioned enough to practice effectively . this may actually require that you do take off one day a week . this is important to do if it improves your ability to practice effectively for the rest of the week . even the abilities some people seem to be born with come more from training than from inborn talent . this is true for athletes , musicians , and mathematicians know youll need some grit . psychologists have come to use the term grit when referring to an attribute held by successful people . grit indicates both perseverance and passion in pursuing long - term goals . overcoming adversity in pursuit of developing your skills also positively contributes to improve your talents more generally . when facing challenges that others might not have to deal with , tell yourself that by overcoming them , youll have a step up on everyone else . even scientists arent sure about how to increase talent . the question of how we become good at things is still largely unanswered . we do know that people who are exposed to things that they become drawn to naturally and who then become immersed in those things end up being good at them . with training and practice , people who are already into something become especially good at it . accept the significance of these findings and act accordinglyobserve and play without inhibition . inspiration and curiosity will inevitably hit you and youll end up pursuing talents youll be interested in enough to stick with . ignore the technical aspects of the talent youre hoping to acquire . you can bring in the technical aspects of perfecting your abilities once youre committed . dont try to judge where your interests are coming from . avoiding these tendencies will allow your more creative and emotional aspirations to get you hooked on something . reading is a great place to start learning about how you can become more talented in multiple ways . one of the main benefits here is perking your curiosity and motivating yourself to pursue new ways to expand your talents , or to pursue new talents altogether . becoming interested in something youve read is seen as an indication that you may take especially well to the material . if you become interested in something new , throw yourself at it . there are literal advantages to reading too you learn about language and writing , about whatever era of history is relevant to the book , and , of course , about the content contained in the book . youre immediately more knowledgeable about all sorts of stuff , just by dragging your eyes back and forth across a page and interpreting a bunch of printed words of course , nothing compares to hands - on experience . whatever you read about that appeals to you , practice doing it yourself and develop a new talent

connect with your audience . make your audience feel comfortable . engage your audience . read your audience .

how to be a good entertainer 2

a big part of performing is sharing a piece of who you are with your audience . its not enough to just perform for them – you also need to engage them emotionally . the more personal you can make your performance , the more your audience will respond to it . if youre a musician , tell stories about your life between songs . if youre a stand up , do some crowd work and interact with the audience between jokes . if youre a dancer , dont forget to look out and make eye contact with your audience as you perform . theres nothing more unnerving than watching a performer flounder on stage . when youre performing , youre responsible for your audiences happiness , so make sure to show up well - prepared and ready to work . dont allow nerves to affect your performance – turn that nervous energy into a more productive performance energy . block out and rehearse every portion of your performance so there are no surprises for you or your audience . get your audience involved in your performance . giving them something to do will help them feel like an integral part of the experience . get them in on the action by asking questions or including them in your jokes or tricks . if youre a magician , have at least one trick that requires an audience volunteer . make sure to choose a volunteer that actually wants to participate – they wont have fun if they just want to get off the stage . if youre a musician , perform a popular song and let the audience sing along for a verse . as you begin to perform more , youll learn that not every audience reacts to your performance the same way . a small , intimate performance in a café is very different from a large concert venue and as a performer , you need to be able to read your audience and give them the kind of performance they want . if your audience isnt enjoying the jokes or music youre performing , be able to adapt on the fly and switch to something that might be more their speed . know that youll have to be bigger , louder and more energetic the larger the venue and the more people you have watching .

master your self - talk . highlight your strengths and work on your weaknesses . practice in front of a mirror . only compete with yourself . be grateful .

how to be a good entertainer 3

self - talk is the internal dialogue that all humans have inside their heads . the more negative your self - talk is , the more it will negatively affect your confidence levels . keep a self - talk log where you write down all the negative thoughts that come to mind when youre practicing . rewrite your negative thoughts to be more positive . so theres no use in practicing , ill never become successful turns into successful people have to work hard and if i work hard , some day ill be successful too . all performers have something theyre good at – thats why people want to watch them . but all performers also have weak spots , and those are the muscles you really need to stretch . take a class and work with your instructor to improve on your weaknesses . find a fellow performer who is really good at what youre bad at and ask them for advice . when rehearsing , dont practice what you already do well – focus your session on the areas that need improvement and run those parts ad nauseam . regardless of what kind of performer you are , its imperative that you see the way you are presenting yourself to an audience . look at the way you carry yourself , the way you move your body . practice what youll say to introduce a new song or joke . set up a camera during your practice session and record yourself performing . be critical when watching it back and look for ways you can elevate your performance . practice each performance fifty times all the way through before stepping out on stage . art and performance are completely subjective , so placing yourself in direct competition with someone is else is reductive . instead of focusing on who else might be performing , focus on how you can make your performance the best youve ever done . think of the best performance youve ever had , then try to top that . instead of thinking about what you dont want to mess up , think of what you want to accomplish . getting to perform for a living or to perform at all is a luxury . regardless of how you feel about your craft on any given day , remind yourself that you love performing . this love and passion will shine through your performance and automatically make you a more engaging performer . remind yourself why you love performing every time you step out on stage . if youre having trouble tapping into gratitude , take a break from performing . youll be surprised at how much you miss it .

prepare in advance . dress up beautifully or elegantly . try costume spotting . decide which of the performers might be good in non - singing roles . space out . try to get into the spirit of it . take notice . make excuses if the performance is extremely long . afterwards , find polite ways of avoiding deep conversation about the opera and any hint that you hated it . be prepared to enjoy it .

how to sit through opera

taking along a few things to keep you occupied can be a helpful way of coping . here are some suggestions take small candies or chewing gum to quietly chew or suck on . somehow , having something sweet in your mouth helps to cope with a sour experience . make sure theyre unwrapped and therefore not noisy before you leave for the theatre . have plenty of tissues or handkerchiefs to catch sneezes and coughs . these can be very loud during an opera , and people will turn and look at you if you dont manage to muffle the noise quickly . stash a small notebook and pen in your bag . perhaps you can write down some thoughts to help pass the time . if you like sketching , consider drawing audience members or the singers . before the big evening , ask your friend what language the opera is in and bring along a mini dictionary in that language . you can play spot the word meaning to while away some time . sneak in an mp3 player . get dark - coloured earplugs so theyre harder to spot . if your friend discovers this though , youll be in the doghouse . at least going to the opera gives you a grand opportunity to look your very best , to the point of going over - the - top strut your evening wear in the intervals and appear as graceful and erudite as you can . the costumes at operas are often incredibly opulent . spend some time appreciating the costumes , particularly the fabrics that were used . see how realistic the costumes appear , and think about whether there are some especially gorgeous ones that inspire you with fashion ideas for your own clothes . you can do the same kind of analysis with the scenery . think about the work that went into making the sets and what creative ways are being used to move scenery around and make it work effectively . think about the composer . it can be amusing to try figuring out what the composer was thinking when he or she wrote the opera . the program may offer some hints , and it might even be possible to build an entire picture of the composers frame of mind at the time , whether they had personal issues that fed the storyline , and what lesson or moral they were trying to pass on to future generations . opera requires extremely good acting as well as singing to get the points across , especially when it involves comedy . see if you can spot any of the singers who would transfer well to acting if they ever had to give up singing . withdraw into your own mind for some mental gymnastics . if you like meditating , take this opportunity to meditate in your seat . its a chance to think about things that you havent had time to focus on lately gift lists for friends and family , solutions for that overflowing in - tray at work , and whether or not you should buy that new pair of whats - its you saw in the store window on the way to the theatre . or , if youd rather , think about nothing at all , and use this time for complete mental relaxation – you dont have to understand what youre seeing , you dont have anyone talking to you , and you dont have chores before you , so make the most of it right , relax and enjoy . stay relaxed and at ease . youll appear interested in the performance while actually thinking of other things or perhaps nothing at all . avoid nodding off . that will look bad - - worse if you drool - - thereby destroying your credibility with your friend . open up the program and read what the opera is about . you might find it intriguing . you could even be curious to see how they set the story to music . at the very least , an understanding of the story will make it easier to follow the opera , and you might end up enjoying the production after all in case there is no program explaining the opera , you might make a quick online search to find out the background to the opera before you go , or on your smartphone in the foyer before going in . ask your friend about the story behind the opera . inquire as to what he or she finds so fascinating about opera and try to see their points as the opera unfolds . you might even be so intrigued that it improves your entire experience . bear in mind that opera performers train for many years , and those who make it to the stage are the best at their art . do your best to enter into the spirit of the evening by appreciating the skills on display . half of enjoying an opera is the art of how the singers communicate with the audience . in plays you dont have a guy clump onstage and say yeah , i like that girl , pointing to a girl who is clearly supposed to be the lead . you see him interact with her , trying to get her attention , or standing and hoping she notices him . even if you dont understand the language , understanding whats going on is pretty intuitive . in the second act of la traviata , for example , the guy and the girl are in love and are happily together . when the guy is busy out of the room , however , his father visits and tells the girl hey , youre too low - class , and youre gonna ruin the family name if you marry my son . youd better get out of here . she proceeds to write a letter to her lover , and its clear that shes in distress about it . ironically after she leaves , the father has the gall to stick around and comfort his son who is upset about about the whole thing . take restroom breaks and have a breather walk around a little if you must yawn , do it outside in the foyer check out the artwork there and do a bit of stretching before going back into the theatre . some of the answers you might give to being asked how you liked it include it was very festive but i found it hard to understand . italian isnt my forte . it was interesting in its own way . it could grow on me . wow what a mind twister brilliant say , how hungry are you i could really dig a crunchy custard at berties right now . if you pay attention , you may find you actually like opera

take a good look at your food budget . if you do plan to go out to a restaurant , do some research first . evaluate your cable or satellite service . analyze your phone bills . assess your internet service . stop watching movies at the theater . stop purchasing new video games . watch the big game from home . stay out of bars . cancel your subscriptions to newspapers and magazines . go easy on childrens entertainment expenses . think local . travel frugally .

how to reduce entertainment expenses

restaurant eating accounted for the largest portion of americas discretionary spending in 2009 , eating up 392 billion . often , a large part of what is spent on food is more about entertainment than to provide appropriate nutrition . instead of making going out to dinner a family activity , make cooking dinner together at home the evenings entertainment . home cooked food is much less expensive and can be a lot more fun some entertaining ways to cook at home include baking and decorating cookies or a cake with younger children . kids love to ice and decorate cookies and cakes . buy plenty of sprinkles , colored icings , and small candies and let them go to work . teaching older children a family recipe by preparing it together . many older children are interested in learning how to prepare family favorites , and what better way to learn than by preparing them together making individual or personal pizzas . using bagels , flour tortillas , french bread , or pizza dough , make a personal size pizza for each family member and allow everyone to top their own pies from a selection of vegetables , cheeses , meats , etc . experimenting with new things . for example , if you have always been interested in indian cuisine , use curry in your cooking . find new ways to prepare favorite vegetables or test out new recipes . whatever your passion , explore it with your family by preparing a meal or a snack . you could have each night of the week follow a theme such as italian night or picnic at home night . look for inexpensive options in your area such as happy hour or weekly specials . search online for coupons or special deals such as early - in , early - out specials . when eating out , one budget conscious approach is to share meals and to have a variety of side dishes rather than more expensive main meals . many cable and satellite subscribers are paying for hundreds of channels they will never watch . reduce your bill by ensuring that your services are based on how you actually watch television rather than on what you think youd like to watch but then dont . you may want to determine what channels you actually watch and switch to the least expensive package your cable or satellite company offers that contains those channels . consider a tv antenna , either a roof type or an indoor one that includes an amplifier . most areas in the country can get abc , cbs , nbc , fox and pbs and most of these networks will offer more than one channel . for example , pbs has 3 different channels . pay tv only carries one . shop around . you may be able to find the channels you want for a lower price with another provider . make some phone calls or check other providers websites for packages and pricing . consider subscribing to a streaming andor dvd delivery service . services such as netflix , hulu plus and blockbuster allow you to stream movies and television shows right to your computer or television andor receive dvd rentals by mail . if most of the movies andor the television shows you watch are available , one of these services may be much less expensive than cable or satellite . look into watching all of your television online , free of charge . many networks and cable stations offer free streaming of their most popular shows . check your favorite stations websites to determine if the shows you watch are available for streaming . are you paying for a home phone you never use , spending too much on your cell phone bill , or paying for long distance calls perhaps it is time for a change . consider these options disconnecting your home phone . if everyone now has your cell number , you have plenty of minutes to spare each month , and you have not heard your home phone ring in months except from a telephone solicitor , it may be time to cut off the landline and cut out that monthly bill . getting rid of your data plan . if you have email and internet service on your phone , you may be paying anywhere from 10 to 50 extra dollars per month for your cell phone service . if you already have internet and email service at home andor at work , consider dropping the data plan and saving a chunk of change . switching your home phone service to an unlimited long distance plan . almost all phone companies now offer unlimited long distance plans for a flat monthly rate . do some comparison shopping and stop paying for your long distance . using free internet phone services . internet phone software such as skype has made long distance charges and the need for a home phone a thing of the past . these software services allow users to place phone calls to other software users and landlines around the world at little to no cost . consider how you use the internet and determine if there is a less expensive way of meeting your needs . you may be able to shut off your service and use the free wifi offered by many businesses , do your web browsing at the library , shop around for a better deal , or bundle your service with phone and cable to save money . a trip for two to the movies can easily cost upwards of 30 . instead of watching movies in the theater , consider borrowing movies from the library . many libraries now have vhs and dvd movies available for free––you just need to get a library card . if the library doesnt have a movie you want , you can usually request it . using movie rental boxes such as redbox or blockbuster . movie rental boxes are now located in many pharmacies , groceries , and large chain stores and restaurants such as walmart and mcdonalds , and allow you to rent dvds for just 1 per night . just make sure you return them on time , since you pay a dollar for each night you keep the movie . watching movies on pay - per - view . many cable and satellite companies offer pay - per - view channels where you can ‘rent movies for 24 - 48 hours for even less than the local video store would charge . subscribing to a streaming andor dvd delivery service such as netflix or blockbuster . these services allow you to maintain a list of the dvds you would like to view , and receive them one or two at a time by mail . the movies have no due date , and you may keep them as long as you like . when you are done viewing them , simply drop them in a pre - paid envelope and mail them back . services start at as low as 8 a month . checking out the specials bin for ex - rentals at your favorite dvd rental store . many toss out excess dvds for very low prices within a few months of the dvd titles release––surely you can wait often a brand new 50 video game is left on the shelf to collect dust within a few weeks after the owner has tired of it . so instead of purchasing video games as soon as they come out , consider only purchasing older , less expensive games , buying your games used at a local video store or website such as ebay , or renting them from a local store or online mail service . consider using app games instead––these are plentiful , cheaper , and allow for switching allegiances constantly without too much loss of money and definitely no dust . whether it is college or professional sports , basketball , or football , the big game can almost certainly be viewed from home , a friends home , or a local bar or restaurant . save the money you would drop on tickets and high priced snacks , and watch the game on television . it is probably a good idea though to save your pennies for one special game of the season , so that youre not feeling completely deprived . if you drink alcohol , you can save hundreds of dollars by drinking at home instead of at the bar . even better , if you still love the socializing and who doesnt , cut down on how much you drink and intersperse all drinks with water , a wake - up latte , and good conversation . most newspapers , news stations , and magazines maintain websites , which contain all of the same content they publish or broadcast . if not , you can read magazines and newspapers at your local library or through your librarys online database . check to see if you can get the information for free online , and cancel the costly subscription if you can . there are many ways to entertain your kids for less . keep in mind that your presence and engagement with your kids is the best gift they could ever have . expensive toys can never make up for you always being too busy to play with them . some ideas for cheap or free entertainment include take a trip to the park . parks and playgrounds are an endless source of free entertainment for young children . bring a picnic and make it an afternoon . visit the library . not only can you check out great books and videos , but the kids can also all play online at the same time , participate in story time and crafts , and get help with their homework . libraries offer many programs and activities for children to learn and play . check with your local library for information on programs it offers . bake together . children , young and old , love to bake and decorate cookies , cakes , and pies . so spend the afternoon or evening in the kitchen snacking make a craft project . children love to draw , color , paint , cut , and glue . look online for childrens craft ideas and spend a low cost afternoon making crafts . play a board or card game . children of all ages enjoy board and card games , and many modern games are made so that both children and adults can have fun playing them . or get out the tablet and play a game on it together . you can find quite a bit of low cost entertainment locally , if you know where to look . check local websites for information on childrens activities in your area . some things to consider in the way of local entertainment local musicians , comedians , and performers can be seen in parks , concert halls , outdoor theaters , community centers , and bars on almost any night of the week , and they cost less than half of what a concert or broadway show does . county fairs and city carnivals offer inexpensive , close - to - home entertainment throughout the summer . city and community activities such as ice cream socials , free concerts or shows in the park , and covered bridge festivals are offered by many small and large towns . check your citys website , or check with city hall for information on activities offered by your community . high school college games and events . many high schools offer admission to games , band concerts , talent shows , and dance performances at little to no cost . colleges and universities also offer plays , music concerts , and ball game tickets at inexpensive prices . staying with friends , vacationing during the off - season , and visiting low cost locations like developing countries , are all easy ways to save on vacation expenses .

sell yourself first . join online artist communities . make yourself public . blog about your artwork . create a mailing list . take good pictures . be sure to properly license your art . consider the option of creating your own site . expect this to be a gradual process and dont expect to sell a lot right away .

how to sell fine art online

before doing anything else , stop and sum up yourself as an artist . now , think about how to translate that to an online profile . be it the few words , twitter allows you or an entire page of indulgence that your own website would allow you . bring out the most salient features of your creativity , your experience , your passion , and your reasons for painting . make it clear to readers why you are an artist who loves art , produces high quality art , and is a true champion of art . if youre not great with words , find a friend who can help you with this really important aspect of selling online – the establishment of your credibility and reliability . depending on what scale you intend to sell your art pieces , you may want to get an account on an online art community or store , like deviant art . with 15 - 20  brokerage , you can also find many online art galleries like art brokerage , diva art group , or saatchi art that will show your artwork online and sell them to the buyer in completely secured transaction . there are also many other possible sites , such as etsy heavier on the crafts but still arty , ebay auction site , an amazon store an online store platform , cafepress for printing your artwork onto stuff like mugs , craigslist general classifieds , and quite a lot of other artwork based sales sites do a general search . read the terms and conditions of every site very carefully . know what commission or percentage the site takes , know what protections or lack of them that the site offers , know what clientele generally peruse the site , know the general sales brought in by the site , know everything you can that is relevant to your sales . if your goal is to turn your art into an investment property , then selling online is likely to be a much longer path to this end . this is largely because it is generally more difficult for unknown artists to secure higher priced sales with serious collectors online than it is through a traditional gallery where such concrete decisions can be made safely . it is best to see selling art online as an adjunct to your usual methods of selling art , not your only means . get yourself out there as best as you can by advertising yourself . publish some example pieces around the web to show what you can do and to demonstrate your style . be sure to add a watermark to your digital version to protect your artwork from art thieves . spend a little time researching online the ways in which other artists are promoting themselves . what works for them and what doesnt what do you like about their promotional strategies and what do you want to avoid this type of research can give you a lot of ideas and also alert you to potential pitfalls for the ways in which you will promote your own artwork . bookmark the sites of artists selling online that really inspire you , so that you can come back to them regularly to see how theyre evolving and succeeding . seize the power of twitter and facebook to increase peoples knowledge of you . tweet updates about your new paintings , your thoughts about art , and news items about art in general . on facebook , place photos of your artwork , digitally watermarked , photos of you receiving awards , and information about your art , artwork in general , and perhaps even some critiques of artwork . given the hundreds of free blogging websites , you have a lot of choice in keeping a blog . most importantly , its extremely useful to keep it updated regularly - this gives people something pretty to look at , and a story to follow as your reputation increases and your sales story grows . a blog can pick up a lot of hits from search engines if you utilize the keywords feature accurately use it to your advantage . be sure to name your blog something simple but memorable – youll want people to be able to find you with ease . read how to start a blog and how to increase website traffic for free for assistance . a good way to test keywords for very little cost is through using an auction site . play around with the words you use to title your art sales , as well as the words used within the body of the text . keep changing the words until you find the sweet spot – words that really do seem to attract the most views . this could be your most effective tool if managed well . for every sale you make , every person who sends you an email that might be interested , get all of their email addresses in digital database ready for mass emailing . at designated intervals once a month , every other week , whenever you start a new series send them all nice , grammatically correct , friendly emails , complete with a neatly set - out portfolio of the pictures of your recent work a pdf can work well for this purpose . this keeps you on the radar of past customers , which is important . and if its a really wonderful newsletter , you might get lucky and they might send it to all of their friends as well – then even more eyes are seeing your work every thoughtful mailing list includes an opt - out option . dont be threatened by this see it as good housekeeping and as retaining the clients who really do want to see your items . youre not online to hassle people who arent interested like they say , a pictures worth a thousand words and youll want your impression on potential customers to be good . show detail , right down to paint strokes and paint type . be willing to show potential buyers multiple shots of your work under different light , hung on a wall , etc . this may be the only way to alleviate the justifiable fear many people have of buying a work of art that they have never seen in person . bear in mind that not everyone has a good internet connection . balance great photos with ease of downloading time . talk to a web specialist if youre not sure what to do . for more photography tips of relevance , read how to take better product photographs for free and how to take catalog photos . licensing art is a way of proving what belongs to whom . it is a necessary bookkeeping in the arts department and will help you if there is a dispute about originality , ownership , or moral rights . having your own site means that you can optimize every page for search engines and it sets you apart from the many artists who only use general art sales sites . having your own website means that the viewer is not distracted by other artists and their work whilst browsing your art and your own name is likely to gain in reputation faster . you can sell directly from your site via email correspondence with potential buyers ask them to contact you for prices , to make a purchase etc . if youre serious about selling your art online with your own site , then its essential with a domain name that is either your own name or the name that you want people to associate you with your art . for example , you could use a domain made up of your first and last name such as firstnamelastname . com or if you work under a pseudonym then you could use a domain name using that i . e . pseudonym . com . give serious consideration to making your website as much like a virtual art gallery as possible . encourage potential clients to wander through and see your paintings in a leisurely , gallery - like manner to increase their viewing enjoyment . add prices and contact details . people want to see the price , so dont hide it or expect the customer to come up with one for you . and be available to answer their questions in a timely fashion . when creating your own website , you need to find a secure method for accepting payment and you might even consider implementing an escrow system . the more expensive your artwork is , the more careful you will need to be about money handling , including acceptance of returns and refunds . there are various methods in existence online for the safe transference of money do your research to find out what works best for your local needs and for your global market . an online art business needs to be built up little by little . its much the same as putting together a company indeed , you should treat your online art sales as a business – you will try to make your name known , or at least give people a hint on who you are as an artist , develop your services as you grow , and gain in reputation as time goes on . it may feel like a long time at the beginning but solid and patient foundations will set you up for a good future , as well as maintaining a positive attitude about what youre doing . attend as many relevant art shows to show your work as you can . if the shows are juried , display the awards your art has won as part of your profiles or website backgrounds .

buy the arts , support the indie artist first . buy real paintings and drawings from living artists to decorate your home . buy books from living authors at full price . buy tickets to music , dance and other live performances . hire live local musicians for your personal events - - weddings , graduation parties , childs bar or bat mitzvahs , sweet sixteens , family reunions or get - togethers . if you need to buy new clothes , especially for evening or party wear , consider finding a textile artist , tailor , seamstress or other artisan . have jewelry handcrafted for you by artists . eat out at small chef - owned original restaurants . buy handmade toys , furnishings , furniture and gifts from local artists . buy locally grown food from farmers and gardeners .

how to support the arts 1

dont argue about the price , just look at your budget and decide what you need and want in life . no matter what your income or social class , you have at least some entertainment budget and you have choices in what to get for your necessities . when buying art , you support an artist in his or her pursuit of art , so every little bit counts . the following steps provide practical suggestions for purchases that support the arts . both fine art and artisan creations crafts , chefs and arts that arent seen as fine art support the local economy as well as give you a higher quality of lifestyle . you may find you can afford more personal luxury after you know these artists and discover what you like most . they also need to eat , do their laundry , pay their rent and local taxes on everything , so they are also helping everyone else in the area keep their jobs by pouring your spending money into building a stronger community . in all of these things , follow your personal tastes . dont buy stuff you dont need or like just to support the arts . specifically support the artists and artisans whose work you enjoy and collect more of it over the years as they grow artistically . your collection will deepen as well as broaden and youll be an important patron to these artists . its a luxury , so the point is to indulge yourself and get the best of their work . when deciding to go out for a show , consider tickets for live theater instead of a movie or an indie film rather than a first - run blockbuster . youre supporting new actors , directors , producers and live theatrical houses when you make these choices . if a favorite comes along go ahead and get the first run viewing but opt for a matinee to save money so you can also see the indie film . youll have more variety in your viewing pleasure and your dates may find that you are more educated , sophisticated and intellectual than if you just go to the same movies everyone talks about . collect real art within your budget . if you like artists you cant afford , consider smaller original pieces , sketches rather than paintings or archival limited edition prints . then take care of your art collection by storing it in a cool , dark , dry place attic , closet or other air conditioned indoor area . frame everything and look up basic art conservation for collectors . if you vary which artists you collect , the entire collection will appreciate in value . you may not know which of your collections will become super valuable by the artists fame growing , but your kids and grandkids will have an incredible legacy if you spread that investment around - - and do it from the heart . buy the artwork you fall in love with . then stash them if your tastes change because collectors or your kids may love them later . very often discounts and bargains get taken out of the authors royalties . the author gets paid on the net , not on the gross value of the books printed . if its print - on - demand and you discover independent authors you like , always purchase them direct from the authors website versus amazon . if you collect e - books from living authors , you wont need as many bookcases . dont feel bad about purchasing hardcover versions of paperbacks or e - books you liked and want to reread , thats a way to reduce your bookshelves to manageable . again , do this within budget and focus it on your tastes . you may like riverdance more than you like formal ballet , or you may prefer live theater off - off - broadway types of productions . you may like concerts with big famous bands or symphony orchestras or opera . yes , this includes live theatre as mentioned above or any type of performance art you enjoy . pay full price tickets to magicians and musicians . when you pass a street performer , put some money into the performers hat or tip box . buy cds of independent musicians who self produce them , you may be launching a someday - famous band and have a collectible - - or just have a beloved cd of famous music . and if you download their music , pay for it––dont be a freeloader as the free music attitude has ruined the livelihood of many a struggling yet very talented musician . be polite and quiet during live performances . this is especially important in pubs that have celtic music , as the celtic tradition is very keen on respect for bards . dont talk during live performances . youre not only distracting the audience whod like to hear the music , you may be distracting the musicians too and throwing them off their stride . why not celebrate your anniversary by hiring a live musician to serenade your spouse at a romantic dinner - - or have a romantic dinner at home with a musician performing that you both love any kind of holiday or personal event can become lavish if you have live music . book them well in advance , talk to them in person after a concert and find out their rates . find out when the bands off season is and what causes it . you may wind up getting a bargain or a shorter wait time if you book them during a time of year they dont get many gigs . the opposite of tourist season is often good . for the holidays , try to book the band early , so youre the one that gets them for your holiday party . if you like variety , turn your annual music party into a guess what the band is event . instead of going to an upscale shop where youll pay a high price for fancy clothing , go to an artist who will fit it to your individual body much better , create it to suit your precise looks , complexion , style and taste , and support another type of independent artist . you will get more than your moneys worth because a quality handmade original garment will last longer and if you pay for their best work , wear better than anything from even an expensive store . you can reduce the size of your wardrobe while raising its quality . buy handmade boots and shoes from leather crafters and artists . again , they will be expensive but theyll fit better , look better and wear much longer than shoes and boots from stores . if you like buying shoes often , find your favorite artisan and have new ones designed for you periodically for fun . you might start getting a regular customer discount working one on one with the artist instead of just purchasing something made by mass production to sell to thousands of others . remember , your shoes are unique , unlike anyone elses . if they were made to fit your christmas dress and you love them , maybe take them to your clothing designer next year to get a new christmas dress inspired by the shoes . artists sometimes work together on things like that . the more you know them , the more personal and unique their works are and the closer they come to your personal tastes . on a low budget , start with small silver and semiprecious stones . once youre up in a fine jewelry bracket , you can pay for more elaborate workmanship and more expensive materials . especially pay attention to their original pieces or commission original pieces . buying the stock rings and necklaces they have on hand helps the artists to survive , but when you choose their best work or commission something unique that takes the best of their skills , you also feed their souls . food is an art form , so is ambiance , these one - of - a - kind restaurants are sometimes a lot higher quality than chain restaurants . once you find your favorites , youre likely to get personal attention and extra good service for a more enjoyable experience . no matter what it is , if a local artist makes it , you are getting originality and personal attention . your entire home can become a collection of treasured , unique , beautiful objects . many of those things will be higher quality than manufactured goods . hire local landscapers to take care of your yard , unless youre a gardener . find the ones who are artists , look at their other gardens , then give them some artistic freedom . yes , the flowers in your yard and the landscaping can be artwork that is an expression of who you are and what you love .

understand what a stage name can do for you . choose a name that reflects your persona . have a story behind your name . do research about your name . choose a searchable name . choose a name that will grow with you .

how to pick a stage name 1

a stage name can help you accomplish a number of things , which all can influence how you decide on your name . branding a stage name can help you brand your performance persona , giving you a separate identity to develop as a brand . separation of personal and professional life a stage name will be a very public name , possibly a household name . while some people might still know your real name , keeping your real name separate from your stage name can afford you some level of privacy . differentiation if your real name is very common , a stage name can help you stand out and be more memorable . prejudice considerations some people have used stage names in the past in order to decrease immediate reactions of racism , anti - semitism or other forms of prejudice . luckily , this is less often the case today . similarly , some women may have avoided a hyphenated name because it might indicate theyre married , which unfortunately some consider to be detrimental to their careers . your stage name is a way to express yourself . what do you want your name to signify think about how a stage name might be able to channel your performance persona . whatever your stage name , people will likely want to know how you decided to call yourself that . if its an uninteresting story , then perhaps think about making up a more exciting story to go with your name . look online and in name books to learn the meaning of the name youve chosen . learn the history of the name . does the names meaning and history reflect what you want it to mean think about how people can find your name through search engines like google . if you use very common words , especially single words like trouble or heart , it may be hard for fans to find you online . there can be the appeal of choosing a name that reflects the moment , where you might follow a fad . also consider where you want to be in 10 or 20 years . does your stage name suit an older performer just as well as a younger one child performers should consider how their names will grow with them as they get older . joe yule called himself mickey rooney , a good name for a kid actor . but it was less useful as an adult actor . similarly lil bow wow had to drop lil when he grew up . choose a name that you wont get tired of quickly . if you think you might hate your stage name in six months , think of a different moniker .

when buying art , choose an artist you enjoy of any kind , performance or tangible and then keep your description of your commission simple .

how to support the arts 2

stick to the type of work thats their specialty . dont haggle over changes , give them a hard time or get too controlling . part of supporting the arts is to encourage the artist to go on being an artist . youre not buying real arts in order to get the cheapest bargain or rip off the painter for a masterpiece by paying less than he did for the materials if you do that , theres a good chance the artist will get disgusted , quit and do something else for a living , which reduces the appreciation of that masterpiece .

if you bought from a writer , an artist or a musician , review the item on amazon , twitter and other places online , especially if you like it .

how to support the arts 3

negative reviews are a warning not to buy from an unreliable seller . the arts are far more personal , your taste comes into it . if you made a mistake and got a book you didnt like , explain what you didnt like in a way that people who would like it for what it is will find it enjoyable . try something like , i expected this to be a lovely vampire romance and it turned out to be a horror novel with a fanged stalker who scared me to death . dont buy this book if you want to mush over the vampire . but if you like a good scare , it might be just your thing . you have not only supported the writer or artist or musician , etc . by purchasing their original work , youve supported them again by word of mouth so they can sell more , make a living , pay taxes in your town , etc .

support the arts in your local area . as you know practice makes perfect , so keep practicing and cultivating regularly .

how to support the arts 4

youth theatres , amateur organizations and school productions need your support there are hundreds of ways to get involved , whether youre designing posters , sewing costumes or selling tickets . organize and help set up at festivals and fairs . just helping a bunch of artists and crafters get their stuff unpacked and set up , or helping to organize an event that they can all show up to helps them big time help promote local arts events by posting about them online , blogging them , making flyers or stapling flyers up . if your town or city has an arts committee , find out what they need volunteers for . if it doesnt , consider trying to form one . some types of local events you can help organize or prepare for are concerts , live performances including outdoor ones , art fairs , studio tours for artists , book signings and poetry readings , any of the arts can benefit from a public event and its exposure . if the artists have any recordings or physical things to sell , be sure the events rules allow them to sell their works even if the performance or show is free . be sincere . take classes in humanities or art , music or literature appreciation at your local community college . some local community charges have a much lower audit fee if you attend the class but dont take the tests , get a grade or college credit for it . when youre attending just to improve your appreciation of the arts , auditing is just as good as taking the class to get in the right number of humanities credits and leaves you more in your budget to buy real art , pay local musicians , get tickets , etc .

get involved , do some reading . go to a museum or art gallery . donate to charities who support the arts or donate to organizations directly . get out there and experience it , get to know the artists .

how to support the arts 5

the arts are about creativity and self - expression , so whatever your passion , get out there and enjoy the art . arts are broad , including drawing , painting , performing , street theater , making murals , crafting , engaging the community in artistic projects and much more , so there are plenty of things to explore and find your own artistic niche within . if you havent yet discovered the activity thats for you , find out about free or cheap tester classes you can join . ask if you can borrow materials initially , or look online for many cheap options such as auctions of art materials people no longer need . go to your local library and find books on photography , art , ballet or even the art of performance . read up on these arts online , whatever your particular interests are . there are many reviews and articles on all of the arts available for free . that frees your budget to make knowledgeable purchases from local artists . find an art , ballet , photo or performance museum . if you cant go in person , see online exhibits if they are available . when on vacation , visit museums and galleries in your vacation area . youll broaden your appreciation of your favorite arts and appreciate your local artists works even more by deepening your knowledge . youre on vacation anyway , so why not see what artists and musicians , etc . are producing in the cool place you visited if you take vacations in the same place every year as some people enjoy doing , you can become an annual regular and support particular artists - - the local painter in your holiday spot , the little pub that always has good celtic music , that theatre , the opera house . if you like opera , definitely get at least bargain tickets and experience it live . opera houses operate on a shoestring despite the number of millionaires that donate . they need to sell those empty cheap student seats at the back and its a wonderful experience . the productions cost so much and involve so many live people not only performing but doing all the work of creating the production that theyre always operating at a brutal budget . if youre an opera lover who lives near an opera house , consider volunteering your time and effort to help keep the house going . for example , the national endowment for the arts , who help art programs throughout america . donate to art programs you can donate to programs in your school or city . organize a monthly art hop . sign up various art venues in your area that will open their doors on one evening per month . a map and list could be offered in advance to help those planning their tours . finger foods and beverages could be served at each spot . donate directly to local theatres , performance companies and arts events . many of them accept donations . your local arts council and local theatre troupe may need the donations more than something as big as the national endowment for the arts . support pbs . make a steady annual donation or watch when their pledge drive auctions and bid on things you want . volunteer to work the phones at pbs pledge drives . pbs always needs it , everywhere , and doing this will also get more of your favorite programming purchased by your local pbs station . they listen to fan requests . purchase new copies of your favorite books at full price from living authors and donate them to your local library . the community will be better for it , those that cant afford it will get to read it sooner , those that might never have found your favorite author may wind up buying their own copy when they have to return it . everyone wins , and your author is more likely to continue writing instead of taking up something else because the bills need to be paid . the only way to boost your appreciation and support of the arts is to experience as many performances as possible . be open - minded and you never know which new genres you will discover . to save money , opt for cheaper seats or buy last - minute tickets from discount websites . if you cant afford original paintings from your favorite painters , consider their smaller works , sketches or limited edition prints . whether you opt for lower priced works from the newest indie unknowns or the lower priced works by more successful artists , you will always be supporting the arts - - and that supports the economy both local and national . all of the arts are about communication . forming relationships with artists and artisans , studying art appreciation and encouraging those that are growing in their arts also improves the quality of your own life . from furnishings and objects that you enjoy more than mass produced goods , to the social success of becoming more refined and knowledgeable to the inner spiritual growth that comes from awareness of beauty , supporting the arts will enrich your life in more ways than you would expect .

use a childhood nickname . use your middle name . use your family tree as inspiration . use your last name . choose the same last name as your parents stage last name .

how to pick a stage name 2

you may have been called something other than your real name throughout childhood , and this nickname might be useful as a stage name . for example , richard melville hall was nicknamed moby by his parents , and he uses this as his stage name . go with a singular name that is just your middle name , such as the rapper drake , whose real name is aubrey drake graham . similarly , angelina jolie voight dropped her last name , moving her middle name to the surname position . use your great - grandmothers first name or your great - uncles middle name . this can help you retain a connection to your family with your stage name . some performers use just their last name , dropping their first name because it is hard to pronounce or theyve always disliked their name . liberace , for example , dropped his first name , wladziu , and just went by one name . some performers may have started their careers with their full names – or with a stage first and last name . reinventing your career may involve reinventing your name , but you might still want to hang onto some of the reputation or recognition that you already have . drop your last name from your stage name and go with just a single name . alternately , add your last name . if youve been using a single name , consider adding a last name to reinvent yourself . you might also change or alter your last name . some performers add last names with or without a hyphen , such as courtney cox adding arquette to her last name when she got married she dropped arquette when the marriage ended . if you have performers in your family , you may want to link your stage name with their stage names . these can help you gain a reputation and recognition among fans and employers . for example , carlos irwin estévez became charlie sheen in order to match his last name to his actor father martin sheen , whose real name is ramón antonio gerardo estévez . another son , emilio , kept the family last name .

consider changing the spelling of your name . avoid symbols in your name . add an exotic element . consider how people will pronounce your name . consider your international profile . be consistent with spelling and formatting .

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if you have a name that you like , you might fiddle with the spelling to see if alternate letters will make it more interesting . the band gotye , pronounced go - tee - ay , is a respelling of the french surname gaultier . sometimes this isnt a good idea , especially if youre adding an extra letter where it is really unnecessary . you might just risk confusing people and making it difficult to pronounce your name . while it may be a hot thing to replace an s in your name with a or an i with a  , these just add confusion and likely mistakes in spelling your name . even though keha and others have done it , you should skip this . the singer prince changed his name to a symbol in order to get out of his contract with warner bros . in 1993 . since the symbol was unpronounceable , he was called the artist formerly known as prince . this really only works if you already have a well - established reputation and fan following , and ultimately would make things too complicated anyway . prince reverted to being called prince after his contract with warner bros . expired . some stage names may benefit from exoticizing them . this happens frequently for burlesque and pinup performers . adding words such as von , de , or la can make your name more exotic or exciting . if you have a very unique name , you may find that people have a lot of trouble pronouncing it . think about actors quvenzhané wallis , saoirse ronan or ralph fiennes . these are difficult names to pronounce and often require pronunciation guides in news articles . think of alternative spellings of your name that will facilitate people pronouncing it correctly . once you are well - known , however , you will likely overcome this problem . will your name travel well with you if you start performing overseas since the internet has enabled fans from all over the world to connect with performers , think about how your name resonates with different cultures around the world . if you do choose to use alternative spelling or unique formatting of your name , keep it consistent . do not fluctuate between using an s and a . choose one and stick to it .

try out your name . dont legally change your name . register your stage name with a trade guild or union . update your bank account information . reserve social media accounts with your stage name . reserve a website domain .

how to pick a stage name 4

your name might sound great to you when you say it out loud in your bedroom . find out how it sounds when someone else is announcing you . think of this as market testing your name , unless you are completely abandoning your real name altogether , there is no need to legally change your name . this will help you maintain a distinction between your personal and professional lives . if you are currently a member of a trade guild , such as the screen actors guild or the american federation of musicians , you should update your membership information with your stage name . its best to ensure that no one else in your guild has the same name as you . if you are not yet part of a union or guild , you may consider joining one sometime in the future . in this case , keep in mind that you should probably register with your real name and stage name in one membership . you may want to include your stage name on your bank account . this is especially true if you have a business bank account and you are earning money under your stage name . be sure that the account has both of your names listed to avoid confusion . once youve chosen your stage name , make sure you have an online presence with that name . start a facebook page that isnt your personal account . figure out a twitter id and start an account . once youve chosen your stage name , reserve a website domain with your name . its a good idea to reserve a domain name to avoid someone misusing your name or capitalizing on your success for their own gain known as cybersquatting . search a domain name registrar such as godaddy . com or dotster . com to make sure your domain name isnt already taken . register your web name with a name registrar . choose the length of time you want to reserve the domain name . you can reserve it in year increments for up to 10 years . you will need to pay a fee , which can fluctuate by registrar and by year to year . typically , these run 10 to 15 for the initial registration .

understand the process of relief printing . examine the rim of the print . look for signs of embossing . look for signs of cutting in the cross - hatching or shaded areas .

how to identify prints 1

relief printing is the oldest and most traditional printing technology , and involves reproducing images at its most basic . in relief printing , a wood or metal relief block is carved by cutting away the areas of the picture that will not be printed , then ink is applied to the raised areas either by dabbing the areas to be printed , or rolling the ink on . the final stage of the process involves transferring the ink to the page by laying a sheet of paper and applying pressure . examples of relief prints include wood block printing linocut type - set one of the quickest and most reliable ways of identifying relief prints is to examine the edges of the print for evidence . the process by which ink is transferred from the block via pressure will produce a characteristic rim around the edges of life . this is a feature that is only characterized by relief printing processes , so its always a sure sign . for comparison purposes , examine the serial number on any bill of us currency . you should notice the rim of the numbers is slightly darker than the inside . this is a sign of relief printing . look for this tendency in the piece that youre examining . another fairly reliable way of identifying relief printing is to look at the back of the piece for signs of embossing , another result of the transfer process in relief printing . examine the page and feel with your hands for signs of raised perforation and pressure , signifiers of the paper being pressed on the relief block . compared with intaglio printing , the pressure required to make relief prints is relatively minor , meaning that embossing will sometimes be difficult to see and differentiate from that of intaglio printing , which is more severe . reflectance transformation imaging rti is often used to highlight and document the physical signifiers of embossing in relief printing . while it might seem obvious , one of the best ways of distinguishing relief from intaglio printing is in examining the black marks as closely as possible and trying to decide whether it looks like they were raised , or the white marks were raised on the original block . this is part intuition and part experience , but one of the best places to look is in shaded or cross - hatched areas . on relief prints , you should be able to see that shading is made by cutting out little wedges between short lines , then cutting a long line at right - angles , leaving smooth outside lines .

understand the process of intaglio printing . look for plate marks . look for raised ink . look for varying intensity of color in single lines . look at the shape of the line . study more intaglio techniques .

how to identify prints 2

intaglio is italian for incis­ing , and correspondingly revolves around a process of applying ink into the grooves or etches or engravings , then using a lot of pressure to transfer that ink from the indents onto the page . this usually results in slightly crisper , more substantial lines that you can learn to identify . the process was developed in the 1500s . engraving and etching are both styles of intaglio printing , with slightly different techniques and signifiers . engraving is typically done on copper plates , using a burin , a v - shaped cutting tool , to remove slivers of metal from the surface of the plate . the shape of engraved lines are typically quite clean , and pointed at each end , where the lines will swell or shrink . etching is done using acid to draw freely over wax placed on the copper plating , using a needle . etched lines will have a blunter end than engraved lines , and you should be able to see signs of the wax in unevenness and crumbling at the edge of the lines . in general , etched lines are less precise . because lots of pressure is used to transfer the ink , the metal printing plate will leave an impression in the paper on intaglio prints . the corners of these marks should be rounded , since sharped edges would rip the paper , and the edges will often retain traces of ink that wasnt completely wiped off the plate during the printing process . plate marks are always signifiers of intaglio printing , whether engravings or etchings . if you dont see a plate mark , that isnt necessarily the sign that it isnt an intaglio print . it wont show up on every intaglio if the plate was wiped off completely . because of the way the printing process works , the strongest and darkest lines should be raised when compared with the surrounding areas , because it will take more pressure and more ink to make the darker line pop out . this is one of the most reliable signifiers of intaglio printing , etched or engraved . in intaglio printing , the lines will have varying levels of intensity in terms of the ink displacement , compared to relief printing , which should be relatively uniform . this is because the depth of the grooves can be adjusted , resulting in darker or lighter printed lines , accordingly , in the same line . look along longer lines to see whether or not they become darker in the interior . if so , its almost surely a sign of intaglio printing . engraved lines will flow smoothly , swelling some before tapering to a point , while etched lines lines will have shakier , round edges . often , intaglio prints will involve bits of both types of printing , as is found on us currency , in the printed pictures on the front and back . there are lots of subcategories of intaglio printing that will display particulars of the process , so you can narrow your identification skills even more specifically . other intaglio techniques include aquatint mezzotint steel engraving stipple engraving

understand the different varieties of lithography . magnify the image . look for the absence of plate marks . look for the flatness of the ink . look for the illusion of shade , created by multiple layers . look for blurriness .

how to identify prints 3

lithography is a big term often used to refer to many different styles of printing , contemporary and classical . but , in pre - photographic terms , planographic lithography is that which is printed from a flat surface . in planographic printing , plates are prepared by laying down an image in a greasy or oily substance , typically called tusche , that will hold ink . the blank areas of the plate will then be washed off with water , removing the ink from those areas . types of planographic lithography include chalk - manner prints , which are made by using wax crayon to draw the image onto limestone . chromolithography , which are identifiable based on the stippling of multiple colors on the plate . tinted lithography is made via two plates , one of which uses broad individual background strokes of tinting to give the image background color . transfer lithography isnt transferred directly from stone to paper , but from transfer paper to the stone itself , meaning that the image neednt be drawn in reverse originally . unlike some of the other varieties of pre - photographic print identification , planographic lithography needs to be examined using at least 10x magnification to notice the signifiers necessary for proper identification . since the absence of intaglio and relief printing marks doesnt necessarily mean youre dealing with a lithograph , its important to look closely at the images and not take absence for proof . if you find plate marks , youre always dealing with a relief or , more likely , an intaglio print . because the image is taken directly from a flat stone , there will never be plate marks of the sort youd find on those prints , on a lithograph . upon close examination , you should notice that there is no difference in the depth of the ink and the blank paper . everything should be on the same level , with no imprinting of whiteness or darkness . noticing this will require serious magnification , but its a good indication that youre dealing with some variety of planographic printing , since the ink has come from a flat surface that didnt imprint itself in the paper . since the planographic surface holds and repels ink on the same level , tonal variation is created by varying the amount of surface area covered and not covered by varying the quantity of ink deposited on the paper , either by using multiple layers and multiple prints , or by applying areas of heavier wax on the stone . usually , shaded areas will be spotty , shooting almost stipple - like dots that have the same tonal value . one mark will not be lighter or darker than the other surrounding marks , nor should they be evenly spaced . this creates the illusion of shade . a print with multiple colors will overlap those colors in certain areas . in general , you wont find green , but overlapping areas of blue and yellow , a more efficient process of printing . shade in color prints is typically made via variation of tone . typically , fine details will be somewhat blurrier in transfer lithographs than in other types of printmaking . often , the paper wont quite stick , or will otherwise shift around when pressure is applied to the paper , and the details tend to suffer when this happens . this is typically a sign of planographic lithography processes .