text
stringlengths 0
6.23M
| quality_score_v1
float64 0
1
|
|---|---|
Alad District () is in Seydun County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Boneh Lam.
At the 2006 National Census, the region's population (as Seydun-e Jonubi Rural District of the former Seydun District of Bagh-e Malek County) was 9,895 in 1,766 households. The following census in 2011 counted 9,755 people in 1,972 households. At the latest census in 2016, there were 8,305 inhabitants in 1,878 households.
In February 2023, the district was separated from the county, elevated to the status of Seydun County, and divided into two districts of two rural districts each. The city of Seydun became the new county's capital and only city.
References
Districts of Khuzestan Province
Populated places in Khuzestan Province | 0.509513 |
Iria marriage is a festival celebrated by the Ijaw ethnic group in Rivers State, Nigeria. It is a significant cultural event that marks the transition of a girl into womanhood within the Ijaw community. The festival is primarily observed in the Ibani Kingdom, located in the Bonny Local Government Area of Rivers State.
The Iria marriage ceremony is considered a rite of passage for young girls as they reach puberty and begin to mature physically. Prior to this stage, a girl child runs naked around the neighborhood, but once she reaches the age of puberty, her parents acquire a wrapper for her. The presentation of this wrapper to the girl marks a special day and is celebrated with great enthusiasm.
The festival consists of three stages, each corresponding to different age groups:
Kala-Egerebite: The Kala-Egerebite stage is designated for girls aged between 12 and 15. On the day of the ceremony, the girls wear a single wrapper known as SUU on their chest, along with light beads as adornments.
Opu-Egerebite: This stage is meant for young ladies aged between 18 and 21, as well as those slightly older. During the Opu-Egerebite ceremony, the young women tie a waist wrapper called Ikaki, along with popo and damask fabrics, paired with matching blouses.
Bibite: The Bibite stage is reserved for women aged 40 and above. In this stage, the women wear traditional garments such as the intorica George wrapper and the lili-inji wrapper. The Bibite stage holds the highest level of honor and respect within the Iria marriage ceremony in Bonny, and it receives special attention and reverence.
References
History
Marriage
Puberty | 0.937104 |
Khlong Maha Sawat (, ), also known as Khlong Chaiyaphruek (คลองชัยพฤกษ์, ), is a khlong (canal) in Thailand. It is a man-made waterway dug in 1859–1860 in the reign of King Rama IV. Today it is listed by the Fine Arts Department as a national heritage site. It starts from Khlong Lat Bang Kruai (Khlong Bangkok Noi) near Wat Chaiyaphrueksamala, flows along the border of Nonthaburi's Bang Kruai with Taling Chan and Thawi Watthana of suburban Bangkok, then flows through Phutthamonthon to meet the Tha Chin River at Ngio Rai Subdistrict in Nakhon Pathom's Nakhon Chai Si District. Its length is .
Note: Khlong Maha Sawat and Khlong Prapa Maha Sawat are two different canals.
History
Connecting Bangkok Noi Canal and the Tha Chin (Nakhon Chaisi) River, the 28 kilometre-long Maha Sawat Canal was created as a shortcut to Phra Pathom Chedi and to open up land on both banks to agriculture. In 1852, King Rama IV ordered the restoration of Phra Pathom Chedi and assigned Somdej Chao Phraya Maha Prayoonrawong and his son, Chao Phraya Thipakornwong Maha Kosathibodi (Kham Bunnag), to supervise the digging of the Chedi Bucha and Maha Sawat canals. Chinese labourers dug the canal. They began on 13 September 1859 and finished on 1 May 1860. The cost was around 80,000 baht. The completed canal gave ready access to of new farmland.
A new bridge over the canal connecting Taling Chan District of Bangkok with Bang Kruai District of Nonthaburi Province, opened in March 2020, has drawn the ire of some locals. It is alleged that the bridge, built by a private real estate company named Asian Property (Krungthep) Co, Ltd., is too low to allow the passage of tourist boats at high tide.
References
External links
Canals in Thailand
Tourist attractions in Nakhon Pathom province
Thawi Watthana district
Taling Chan district
Nonthaburi province
Canals opened in 1859 | 0.991312 |
Speaking in Tongues is the fifth studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released on June 1, 1983, by Sire Records. After their split with producer Brian Eno and a short hiatus, which allowed the individual members to pursue side projects, recording began in 1982. It became the band's commercial breakthrough and produced the band's sole US top-ten hit, "Burning Down the House", which reached No. 9 in the Billboard Chart.
The album's tour was documented in Jonathan Demme's 1984 film Stop Making Sense, which generated a live album of the same name. The album also crossed over to the dance charts, where it peaked at number two for six weeks. It is the group's highest-charting album on the US Billboard 200, peaking at number 15. It was also their biggest-selling album in Canada, where it was certified platinum in 1983.
Artwork
Talking Heads frontman David Byrne designed the cover for the general release of the album. Artist Robert Rauschenberg won a Grammy Award for his work on the limited-edition LP version, which featured a clear vinyl disc in clear plastic packaging along with three clear plastic discs printed with similar collages in three different colors.
Byrne has said, as a partial explanation of the album's title, "I originally sang nonsense, and ... made words to fit that. That worked out all right."
Release
Original cassette and later CD copies of the album have "extended versions" of "Making Flippy Floppy", "Girlfriend Is Better", "Slippery People", "I Get Wild/Wild Gravity" and "Moon Rocks". The album was re-released in February 2006 as a remastered DualDisc. It contains the extended versions of the songs found on the original cassette, and includes two additional tracks ("Two Note Swivel" and an alternate mix of "Burning Down the House"). The DVD-A side includes both stereo and 5.1 surround high resolution (96 kHz/24bit) mixes, as well as a Dolby Digital 5.1 version of the album, a new alternate version of "Burning Down the House", and videos for "Burning Down the House" and "This Must Be the Place" (videos are two-channel Dolby Digital only). In Europe it was released as a CD+DVDA two-disc set, rather than a single DualDisc. The reissue was produced by Andy Zax with Talking Heads.
In 2021, Rhino Entertainment re-released the album on sky blue vinyl.
Critical reception
Rolling Stones David Fricke lauded the album's crossover nature, calling it "the album that finally obliterates the thin line separating arty white pop music and deep black funk." He elaborated that the songs are all true art rock yet avoid the genre's common pretensions with a laid-back attitude and compelling dance rhythms, making it an ideal party album. For The Village Voice, critic Robert Christgau described the album as "quirkily comfortable," opining that without Brian Eno the band's rhythms sounded less portentous but also less meaningful. He added that "the disjoint opacity of the lyrics fails to conceal Byrne's confusion about what it all means," but praised the second side of the LP.
In a retrospective review for AllMusic, William Ruhlmann said that the album saw the band "open up the dense textures of the music they had developed with Brian Eno", and that they were "rewarded with their most popular album yet." He felt the additional musicians made the sound "more spacious, and the music admitted aspects of gospel," particularly on "Slippery People" and "Swamp". He noted Byrne's "impressionistic, nonlinear lyrics" and lauded the return of his "charming goofiness", calling the music "unusually light and bouncy."
In his book on funk music, Rickey Vincent describes Speaking in Tongues as "deeply thumping funk disguised as modern rock."
Legacy
In 1989, Speaking in Tongues was ranked number 54 on Rolling Stones list of the 100 best albums of the 1980s. In 2012, Slant Magazine listed it as the 89th best album of the 1980s.
"Burning Down the House" was later covered by Welsh singer Tom Jones with the Cardigans, on his album Reload, reaching number 7 in the UK Charts. It has also been covered by screamo band the Used, pop rock band Walk the Moon, blues singer Bonnie Raitt and R&B singer John Legend. The song has also appeared in the movies Nymphomaniac, 13 Going on 30, and the TV series The Walking Dead.
"This Must Be the Place (Naive Melody)" has been covered by artists such as folk musicians the Lumineers and Iron & Wine, and indie rock band Arcade Fire. The song was also featured in the movies Wall Street and its sequel, Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps, Crazy, Stupid, Love., He's Just Not That Into You, Lars and the Real Girl, and the TV shows Little Fires Everywhere and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D..
"Swamp" appears in the movies Risky Business, The King of Comedy and The Simpsons episode 3 Scenes Plus a Tag from a Marriage. "Girlfriend Is Better" appeared in an episode of the TV series Entourage. "Slippery People" appeared in the movie American Made and the TV series The Americans.
In 2022, the song "Burning Down the House" was used as a sample in the song "Keep It Burning" from Donda 2 by Kanye West, featuring a performance by rapper Future. The song was removed from the album after a day and was released later that year on Future's album I Never Liked You, under the same name, but without the sample.
Track listing
LP/early CD version
Cassette/later CD versions
2006 DualDisc reissue bonus tracks
Personnel
Talking Heads
David Byrne – vocals, guitars, keyboards, synthesizers, bass guitar, percussion
Jerry Harrison – keyboards, synthesizers, guitars, backing vocals
Tina Weymouth – bass guitar, backing vocals, synthesizer, guitar
Chris Frantz – drums, backing vocals, synthesizer
Additional musicians
Wally Badarou – synthesizers (1, 6, 9)
Bernie Worrell – synthesizers (3)
Alex Weir – guitar (2, 6, 7, 8)
Steve Scales – percussion (1, 7)
Raphael Dejesus – percussion (4, 5, 8)
David Van Tieghem – percussion (5, 9)
L. Shankar – double violin (2)
Richard Landry – saxophone (4)
Nona Hendryx – backing vocals (4)
Dolette McDonald – backing vocals (4)
Technical
Talking Heads – producers
Butch Jones – recording
John Convertino – recording assistant
Alex Sadkin – overdubbing, mixing
Frank Gibson – overdubbing assistant, mix assistant
Jay Mark – overdubbing assistant, mix assistant
Ted Jensen – mastering at Sterling Sound (New York City, New York)
Brian Kehew – 2006 Dual Disc bonus mixes
Robert Rauschenberg – limited edition cover art
David Byrne – original cover design
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
1983 albums
Albums produced by David Byrne
Albums produced by Chris Frantz
Albums produced by Jerry Harrison
Albums produced by Tina Weymouth
Sire Records albums
Talking Heads albums | 0.798591 |
This is a list containing the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks number-ones of 1998. Due to damage to the Broadcast Data Systems monitors in Puerto Rico caused by Hurricane Georges, no charts were published from October 10 to October 17.
See also
Billboard Hot Latin Tracks
References
1998 record charts
Lists of Billboard Hot Latin Songs number-one songs
1998 in Latin music | 0.789894 |
Great Bay is a rural locality on Bruny Island in the local government area of Kingborough in the Hobart region of Tasmania. It is located about north-east of the town of Alonnah, the largest town on the island. The 2016 census determined a population of 57 for the state suburb of Great Bay. The Bruny Island Airport is located within the suburb of Great Bay.
History
Great Bay is a confirmed suburb/locality. In 1829 the Protector of Aborigines, George Augustus Robinson, set up an Aboriginal settlement near Great Bay (the body of water) on Bruny Island. It was here that Truganini first met Robinson.
Geography
The D'Entrecasteaux Channel forms the western boundary. This includes the southern half of Great Bay (the body of water).
Road infrastructure
The B66 route (Bruny Island Main Road) enters from the north and runs through to the south before exiting.
References
Localities of Kingborough Council
Towns in Tasmania
Bruny Island
Bays of Tasmania | 0.654475 |
The Chalkeia festival (also spelled Chalceia), the festival of Bronze-workers, was a religious festival devoted to the goddess Athena and the god Hephaestus. It was celebrated on the last day of Pyanepsion (October or November in the Attic calendar). The festival celebrated Athena and Hephaestus, in honor of both gods as patron deities of Athens, and as deities of handicrafts.
Each year, preparations were begun for a specialized peplos (a robed garment worn by Greek women), which was made to be offered to the goddess at another festival, the Panathenaea.
Traditions
Though Hephaestus was involved, the festival's main focus was Athena, specifically under the epithet Athena Hephaistia and Athena Ergane. The offerings recorded for each day were always for Athena, not her male counterpart. Also, the main focus of the festival (the sacred peplos) was for Athena, while Hephaestus wasn't given any gifts.
'Athena Hephaista' was the epithet given to Athena in this context as a special association with Hephaestus, the god of the smiths. A statue of this aspect of Athena was constructed in the Hephaisteion next to the cult statue of Hephaestus in 343 B.C.
‘Athena Ergane’ was a specific title given to Athena as the patron of crafts, particularly weaving. Under this moniker, she was the goddess of all handicrafts, or functional artwork. To honor this, on the day of the festival, a loom is set up by the priestesses of Athena and the Arrephoroi. From the loom, a great peplos is warped and woven. The Arrephoroi were young girls, not much more than seven years old, and had been chosen by the archon basileus from four aristocratic girls nominated by the Athenian people. Because of their youth they were not really directly involved with the weaving, but it was believed that the beginning of the work was blessed by their presence. It was considered a great honor to be chosen to be an Arrephoros; there are honorific portrait statues and inscribed statues that have been found that commemorate various daughters’ involvement as child servants of Athena.
The Sacred Peplos
Athena Ergane was the goddess of spinning and weaving, and so every year at the Chalkeia, on the day of the festival, the priestesses of Athena Polias and the young Arrephoroi would ritualistically set up a loom to make a sacred peplos to be offered to the goddess. It is very likely that the Graces, were somehow involved in the ritual of setting up the loom, and contributed to weaving the peplos.
On this loom, the enormous peplos was woven by women volunteers, the ergastinai (meaning “female weavers”), who were either virgin girls of marriageable age or older matrons. Every year the peplos was woven by the Ergastinai under the supervision of a priestess of the Athena's cult. When the work at the loom began, the Arrephoroi wore white robes, and were present to offer their perceived sacredness.
There were two ways the peplos was made: it was either a smaller peplos made by women, or a larger one made by men. The smaller peplos was woven annually by the ergastinai, and offered as a robe for the statue of Athena Polias during the Lesser Panathenaea. The larger peplos was woven every four years by male professional weavers, and was presented to Athena at the Greater Panathenaea.
Regardless of size, the weavers had to create a particular scene on the peplos: Athena's defeat of Enceladus and the Olympian's defeat of the Giants, the Gigantomachy. During the battle between the Gigantes and the Olympian gods, Enceladus was disabled by a spear thrown by the goddess Athena.
See also
Athenian festivals
References
Festivals in ancient Athens
Festivals of Athena
Hephaestus | 0.782853 |
David Rowe is a former director of the University of Warwick Science Park, in the West Midlands of England from 1982–2011. In 2006 he was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise Promotion- the only lifetime achievement awardee that year.
References
Queen's Award for Enterprise Promotion (2006)
British businesspeople
Living people
Queen's Award for Enterprise Promotion (lifetime achievement)
Year of birth missing (living people) | 0.790388 |
Sospetti is an Italian television series.
Cast
Sebastiano Somma: Luca Bartoli
Isabella Ferrari: Serena Arcalli
Irene Ferri: Monica Ramondini
Romina Mondello: Chiara Colizzi
Vanessa Gravina: Simona Federici
Simona Cavallari: Manuela Colizzi Cosentino
Christiane Filangieri: Elena e Mara Volpi
Remo Girone: Avv. Villani; Mr. X
Orso Maria Guerrini: Proc. Capo Montanari
Luca Lionello: Avv. Giacomo Marzi
Rodolfo Bigotti: Riccardo Valeri
Antonia Liskova: Yrina Fischer
Gianni Garko: Martin Fischer
Toni Bertorelli: Proc. Capo Riva
Maurizio Aiello: Commissario Magnani
Stefano Molinari: Procuratore Roggi
Franco Castellano: Michele Sacerdoti
Fiorenza Marchegiani: Avv. Elena Davino
Giorgio Lupano: Umberto Arcalli
Violante Placido: Anna Giusti
Mirko Casaburo: Matteo Cosentino
Tiziana Sensi: Adriana
Caterina Vertova: Luisa Arcalli
See also
List of Italian television series
External links
Italian television series
RAI original programming
Italian legal television series | 0.783066 |
Charpa Falls is a waterfall located in Athirappilly panchayath in Thrissur district of Kerala. Located on the west-flowing Chalakudy River, this waterfall lies in between the more famous Athirappilly Falls and Vazhachal Falls. It is a popular stopover for tourists who are visiting the Athirappilly and Vazhachal Falls. It is located close to the road, and during monsoon months (June to August), the water splashes onto the road. During the dry season, the water stops flowing.
Gallery
See also
Athirappilly Falls
Vazhachal Falls
Chalakudy
List of waterfalls in India
List of waterfalls in India by height
References
Waterfalls of Thrissur district | 0.573844 |
Gav Savar () may refer to:
Gav Savar, Hamadan
Gav Savar, Ilam | 0.877812 |
The 1934–35 season was the 40th season of competitive football by Southampton, and the club's 13th in the Second Division of the Football League. The season was the Saints' worst league campaign since they were promoted to the second flight in 1923, as they finished in 19th place just two places and eight points above the relegation spots. With a lack of high-scoring forwards and injuries to players across the squad, the side struggled to pick up wins throughout the season; in the first half of the campaign, they continued their run without an away win that had encompassed the whole of the previous season, finally ending it after 33 winless fixtures with victory over Swansea Town on Christmas Day 1934. Southampton finished the season with 11 wins, 12 draws and 19 losses – their lowest win rate since the 1911–12 season.
In the 1934–35 FA Cup, Southampton entered the third round with an away fixture against Third Division North side Walsall, who they beat 2–1 thanks to a brace from Laurie Fishlock. In their first fourth round fixture since 1926–27, the Saints lost 0–3 to First Division strugglers Birmingham, in front of a new club record attendance of 28,291. As in previous seasons, the club ended the season with two local tournaments: the Hampshire Combination Cup and the combined Benevolent and Rowland Hospital Cups. In the former, the Saints lost 2–4 at Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic in the semi-final. In the latter, they also lost to top-flight rivals Portsmouth, who scored the only goal of the game. Southampton's only friendly match during the 1934–35 campaign saw them drawing 2–2 with French side Le Havre AC in March.
Southampton used 23 different players during the 1934–35 season and had 13 different goalscorers. Their top scorer was left winger Laurie Fishlock, who scored seven goals in the Second Division and two in the FA Cup. Centre-forward Norman Cole scored eight times in the league, followed by centre-half Johnny McIlwaine on seven league goals during the campaign. Nine players were signed by the club during the season, with six released and sold to other clubs. The average attendance at The Dell during the 1934–35 season was 9,118. The highest attendance of the season was 28,291 in the FA Cup against Birmingham; the highest attendance in the league was significantly lower – 18,351 against Swansea Town on Boxing Day. The lowest attendance of the season was 4,800 against Notts County on 22 September.
Background and transfers
With mounting financial problems, transfer activity was limited for Southampton ahead of the 1934–35 season. At the end of the previous campaign, two amateur players – inside-left Herbert Coates and inside-right Vivian Gibbins – left to join Athenian League side Leyton. Outside-left Ben Burley, who had made his first-team debut in the last two games of the previous season, also left in June for Grimsby Town, who had recently been promoted to the First Division. Another inside-left out of contention, Tom Ruddy, left for Spennymoor United in the North Eastern League the next month. Both left-sided forward positions were targeted as part of the club's only two signings prior to the start of the season – Alf Wheeler joined from Northampton Town in July and Doug Rowe moved to The Dell from Lincoln City in August.
Southampton's headline signing came just after the start of the league campaign, however, as Laurie Fishlock was brought in from Millwall (who had been relegated from the Second Division last season) as first choice outside-left in September. James Horton also joined from Millwall around the same time, although only made one appearance during the season at centre-forward in the FA Cup fourth round against Birmingham the following January. Also in September, Joe Cummins – who had joined less than a year earlier but made just one appearance during the campaign before succumbing to injury – left to join French club CA Paris-Charenton. In October, after just two months at the club, Rowe also left for France when he joined US Tourquennoise, having lost in place in the starting lineup upon Fishlock's arrival. With the club struggling to score goals in the league, in December they signed Walter Pollard from Fulham, for whom he had failed to make an appearance; he played regularly in both inside-forward roles in the second half of the season, but only scored one goal. Bob Reid also joined on amateur terms from Southwick in Sussex, turning professional the next month and making one appearance in the FA Cup fourth round fixture.
Players transferred in
Players transferred out
Second Division
Southampton begun the 1934–35 league campaign as poorly as they had ended the previous, picking up just two points from their first five games in home draws with fellow mid-table sides Port Vale and Oldham Athletic, to find themselves at the bottom end of the table. In the return leg against Port Vale at the Old Recreation Ground, debutant winger Laurie Fishlock scored the only Saints goal in a 1–4 loss, which was followed a few days later by a 0–4 thrashing at the hands of Bolton Wanderers. The club's sole win in their first ten games came against Hull City, who they beat 3–0 thanks to goals from Bill Adams, Tom Brewis and Fishlock. A surprise 1–0 win over eventual league champions Brentford in October and a convincing 4–1 victory over Bradford Park Avenue a couple of weeks later (in which recent arrival Alf Wheeler scored a hat-trick) saw the team move away from the relegation spots, but by mid-December they were back just one point above the drop zone after picking up a solitary point from their next five fixtures.
In the Christmas week, Southampton beat Bury 2–1 at home, then ended their 33-game streak without an away win on Christmas Day, when they scored the only goal of the game against Swansea Town (a feat which they repeated at home the next day). After moving up to 12th in the league after a 2–0 win at Oldham Athletic on 5 January, Southampton began to plummet back down the league table with a winless run extending into late-March, including a 1–3 loss at bottom-ranked Notts County, a season-record 1–6 defeat at the hands of mid-table Sheffield United, and home losses against Barnsley and Nottingham Forest. By the time they won their next game, 1–0 against Plymouth Argyle at The Dell on 30 March 1935, Southampton were struggling in 20th place in the league table, just six points above the first relegation spot. The club won their last three home fixtures of the season, against Newcastle United, Manchester United and Blackpool, to ensure their safety in the Second Division with a 19th-place finish.
List of match results
Final league table
Results by matchday
FA Cup
Southampton were drawn in the third round of the 1934–35 FA Cup against Third Division North side Walsall. The hosts went ahead through Gilbert Alsop, but the Saints responded through a Laurie Fishlock brace to win for the first time in the tournament since 1927. In the fourth round, the Saints hosted First Division side Birmingham, attracting a new club record attendance of 28,291. With their top goalscorer Fishlock injured, however, the side lacked firepower as he was replaced by young amateur Bob Reid, who was described by club historians as "overawed by the experience". Birmingham won the game 3–0, scoring two goals in the first half and the third in the second, as Southampton were knocked out of the fourth round, to which they didn't return until after the Second World War.
Other matches
Outside of the league and the FA Cup, Southampton played three additional first-team matches during the 1934–35 season. The first was a friendly against French club Le Havre AC on 5 March 1935, which ended in a 2–2 draw including goals from Arthur Holt and Fred Tully. The next month, the team played the semi-final of the third annual Hampshire Combination Cup against Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic at Dean Court. Despite struggling towards the bottom of the division below the Saints, the Third Division South hosts won the game 4–2 to advance to the final of the competition, with Johnny McIlwaine scoring both consolations for the visitors. In the final game of the season, four days after the league had concluded, the Saints lost 0–1 at Portsmouth for the 1935 combined Hampshire Benevolent Cup and Rowland Hospital Cup. Septimus Rutherford scored the only goal of the game in front of a lacklustre crowd of 2,215, extending Southampton's winless run in the competition to six years.
Player details
Southampton used 23 different players during the 1934–35 season, thirteen of whom scored during the campaign. The team played in a 2–3–5 formation throughout, using two full-backs, three half-backs, two outside forwards, two inside forwards and a centre-forward. Outside-right Fred Tully appeared in all but two of the club's league games during the campaign, followed by right-back Charlie Sillett who played in 39 league and both FA Cup games. Outside-left Laurie Fishlock finished as the season's top scorer with seven goals in the Second Division and two in the FA Cup, followed by centre-forward Norman Cole on eight goals, then centre-half Johnny McIlwaine on seven.
Squad statistics
Most appearances
Top goalscorers
Footnotes
References
Bibliography
External links
Southampton F.C. official website
Southampton F.C. seasons
Southampton | 0.964891 |
Nancy Grace Haigh (born 1946) is an American set decorator who has received nine Academy Award nominations, and won two for her work on the films Bugsy, and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood.
Biography
Nancy Haigh graduated in 1968 from Massachusetts College of Art (MassArt) with a BFA degree in ceramics. In 1995, the college honored her with a Distinguished Alumna Award.
Nancy began her career in film with Francis Ford Coppola's film Rumble Fish in 1983. Since then, Nancy has been the set decorator for numerous movies in collaboration with the Coen brothers.
Filmography
References
External links
Living people
American designers
Massachusetts College of Art and Design alumni
American set decorators
Best Art Direction Academy Award winners
American women artists
Women graphic designers
1946 births
21st-century American women | 0.426226 |
South Dakota Highway 445 (SD 445), also known as Deadwood Avenue, is a north–south state highway in Rapid City, South Dakota. Lying in the northwestern corner of the city, it connects Interstate 90 (I-90) with the downtown area.
Route description
SD 445 begins at an intersection with SD 231 (W Chicago Street / W Omaha Street) in Rapid City's Westside, just across Rapid Creek and the Dakota Hogback from downtown. It heads northwest as a four-lane undivided highway to pass through an industrial area. The highway curves more northward, passing the former Lien Airport as it travels through a more commercial district. SD 445 narrows to two-lanes immediately before coming to an end at its interchange with I-90 / US 14 / SD 79 (exit 55); Deadwood Avenue continues north. The entire length of SD 445 lies within the Rapid City city limits.
All of SD 445 is legally defined via South Dakota Codified Law § 31-4-243.
Major intersections
References
445
Transportation in Rapid City, South Dakota | 0.825405 |
Orhei () is a district () in central Moldova, with its administrative center in the city of Orhei. As of 2014 Moldovan Census its population was 101,502.
History
The Orhei region has been inhabited since the Stone Age. Settlements included the ancient city of Getae (located near modern Trebujeni). Getae stood from the eighth to the second century BC and was abandoned after an invasion by a Germanic tribe, the Bastarnae. Non-fortified settlements were located on the riverbank. A medieval fortress of earth and wood was later constructed near the former site of Getae, which stood from the 12th to the 14th century AD. During the 14th century, the Golden Horde occupied the region; the town was conquered, and its name changed to Shehr al Jedid. From 1363 to 1365, Horde leader Abdullah Khan resided in Shehr al Jedid. At the end of the 14th century, the Horde were driven out and the empire dissolved; the eastern city evolved, acquiring Moldovan characteristics. During the reign of Stephen the Great the stone city was repaired, equipped with artillery and became the residence of Orhei's governor. During the mid-16th century, the old city was abandoned in favor of the current site, northwest. The stone fortress was destroyed. About 1600, Prince Ieremia Movilă unsuccessfully attempted to rebuild the city, and in 1665 a cave monastery was built in the area. In 1773, the Curchi monastery was built near the Vatici. After the 1812 Treaty of Bucharest, Bessarabia was occupied by the Russian Empire until 1917. In 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Bessarabia joined Romania. Orhei County existed as part of the Kingdom of Romania from 1918 to 1940 and 1941 to 1944. After the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Bessarabia was occupied by the USSR in June 1940. Moldovan independence in 1991 revived Orhei County until 2003, when it became a district of Moldova.
Geography
The district is located in the central part of the Republic of Moldova. Neighboring districts include Rezina (north), Rîbnița and Dubăsari districts (east), Strășeni and Criuleni (south), and Călărași and Telenești (west). The land is divided into several orographic units:
The Central Moldavian Plateau (forest), in the northeast, combines narrow, deep valleys and broad slopes.
The northern plain was created by soil erosion. This area has the lowest altitude (), crossing the Răut and Cogâlnic rivers from north to south. The Răut Valley covers about , primarily privately owned pasture.
The terraced Nistrului Plateau is at an altitude of , with dips of . The western slope is gradual, with the east sloping more sharply towards the Dniester.
Climate
The district has a temperate continental climate with short, mild winters (average January temperature ) and long, warm summers (average July temperature ). Annual rainfall is . Two-thirds of the annual precipitation falls as rain from April to November, and about one-third as snow and sleet from December to March.
Fauna
Mammals in the region include foxes, deer, red deer, wild boars, hedgehogs, badgers, rabbits, and wolves. Birds include crows, hawks, partridges, storks, and jays.
Flora
Forests occupy 20.1% of the district (24,277 hectares). Tree species in these forests include oak, English oak, ash, hornbeam, linden and willow. Local plants include fescue, clover, bell and knotweed.
Protected areas
There are nature reserves in Susleni, Pohrebeni and Trebujeni.
Hydrosphere
Rivers in the district include the Nistru, Răut, Vatici, Cula, and Cogâlnic. There are 162 lakes and ponds, covering . A spring in the village of Jeloboc has an output of a second. The Nistru River (Dniester) has been harnessed for irrigation in the villages of Jora de Mijloc and Vîșcăuți. Near the village of Biești, geological surveys have found an aquifer large enough to supply the city of Orhei.
Administrative subdivisions
Localities: 75
Administrative center: Orhei
City: Orhei
Communes: 37
Villages: 37
Demographics
In January 2012 the district population was 125,800, with 26.6 percent in urban and 73.4 percent in rural areas.
Births (2010): 1,521 (12.1 per 1,000)
Deaths (2010): 1,694 (13.5 per 1,000)
Growth Rate (2010): -173 (−1.4 per 1,000)
Ethnic groups
Footnote: * There is an ongoing controversy regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.
Religion
Christians – 98.4%
Orthodox Christians – 97.6%
Protestant – 0.8%
Baptists – 0.4%
Seventh-day Adventists – 0.2%
Evangelicals – 0.2%
Other – 1.2%
None 0.4%
Economy
There are 40,693 registered businesses in the district. Fifty-seven are public companies, 4,606 are privately owned, 40 have mixed public-and-private ownership and 14 are foreign-owned. Manufacturing and agriculture are the dominant sectors of the district economy. There are 30 industrial companies: 27 manufacturers and three mines. In 2009, there were 2,496 unemployed workers. Agricultural land comprises 82,238 ha (67 percent) of the total area. Arable land comprises 57,161 ha (46.5 percent) of agricultural land. Orchards make up 5,287 ha (4.3 percent), vineyards 4,461 ha (3.6 percent), pasture 13,288 ha (10.3 percent) and 27,305 ha (21.2 percent) are planted to other crops.
Education
The Orhei district has 69 educational institutions, and the total number of students is 15,160. There are 1,448 students in teachers' and medical colleges, and 685 students in professional schools.
Politics
The Orhei district has traditionally favored right-wing parties, primarily the AEI. The percentage of residents voting for the PCRM has dropped steadily over the last three elections, and the AEI increased 100.6 percent.
Elections
|-
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan="2" valign=center|Parties and coalitions
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Votes
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|%
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|+/−
|-
|
|align=left|Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova
|align="right"|21,991
|align="right"|37.49
|align="right"|+16.71
|-
|
|align=left|Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
|align="right"|14,227
|align="right"|24.25
|align="right"|−5.26
|-
|
|align=left|Democratic Party of Moldova
|align="right"|9,972
|align="right"|17,00
|align="right"|+0.07
|-
|
|align=left|Liberal Party
|align="right"|5,758
|align="right"|9.81
|align="right"|−8.93
|-
|
|align=left|Party Alliance Our Moldova
|align="right"|2,623
|align="right"|4.47
|align="right"|−3.48
|-
|bgcolor=#0033cc|
|align=left|European Action Movement
|align="right"|773
|align="right"|1.32
|align="right"|+1.32
|-
|bgcolor="grey"|
|align=left|Other parties
|align="right"|3,346
|align="right"|5.66
|align="right"|-0.43
|-
|align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|Total (turnout 61.05%)
|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|59,118
|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
Culture
The district has five museums, 60 public libraries and 62 community centres.
Health
Orhei District has a 430-bed hospital, a family-health center, 33 family practitioners' offices, 14 health centres, and 17 health offices. There are 246 physicians and 836 other healthcare professionals.
Notable residents
Alecu Donici – Poet, storyteller and translator
David Knut – Russian poet
Iurie Platon – Russian painter and sculptor
Jacobo Fijman – Argentine poet
Meir Dizengoff – Politician and first mayor of Tel Aviv
Paul Goma – Writer and anticommunist militant
Sergey Lazo – Communist militant during the civil war in Russia, Siberia and the Far East
Sergiu Niță – Politician, attorney, minister for Basarabia in 1920–1921, 1926–1927
References
District population per year
Results of 2010 Parliamentary Election
General description of the orhei district
District site
See also
Orhei County (Moldova)
Districts of Moldova | 0.992546 |
Torteval may refer to:
Torteval, Guernsey, one of the ten parishes of Guernsey
Torteval-Quesnay, a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France | 0.869193 |
Tel Hazor (), also Chatsôr (), translated in LXX as Hasōr (), named in Arabic Tell Waqqas / Tell Qedah el-Gul (), is an archaeological tell at the site of ancient Hazor, located in Israel, Upper Galilee, north of the Sea of Galilee, in the northern Korazim Plateau. Both as a Middle Bronze Age Canaanite city (around 1750 BCE) and as an Israelite one (ninth century BCE), Hazor was the largest fortified city in the country and one of the most important in the Fertile Crescent. It maintained commercial ties with Babylon and Syria, and imported large quantities of tin for the bronze industry. In the Book of Joshua, Hazor is described as "the head of all those kingdoms" (). Though some scholars do not consider the Book of Joshua to be historically accurate, archaeological excavations have emphasized its importance.
The Hazor expedition headed by Yigal Yadin in the mid-1950s was the most important dig undertaken by Israel in its early years of statehood. Tel Hazor is the largest archaeological site in northern Israel, featuring an upper tell of 30 acres and a lower city of more than 175 acres.
In 2005, the remains of Hazor were designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO as part of the Biblical Tels—Megiddo, Hazor, Beer Sheba.
Excavations
The site of Hazor is around in area, with an upper city making up about 1/8 of that. The upper mound has a height of about 40 meters. Initial soundings were carried out by John Garstang in 1926.
Major excavations were conducted for four seasons from 1955 to 1958 by a Hebrew University team led by Yigael Yadin.
Yadin returned to Hazor for a final season of excavation in 1968. The excavations were supported by James A. de Rothschild, and were published in a dedicated five volume set of books by the Israel Exploration Society.
Excavation at the site by Hebrew University, joined by the Complutense University of Madrid, resumed in 1990 under Amnon Ben-Tor. Those excavations continue to the present. The work from 1990 to 2012 is detailed in two IEF books.
In the 2010 excavation season, two cuneiform tablet fragments, made of local clay, were discovered dating to the Old Babylonian period of the Middle Bronze Age. The 2nd fragment is small, containing only 7 signs. They are inscribed with laws in the style of Hammurabi's Code, the Laws of Eshnunna, the Book of Exodus, and Hittite laws, seven in total. The fragments include laws pertaining to body parts and damages including those of slaves.
The 2013 excavation season involved the Late Bronze Age (LBA) area M-East, and M-West. M-East included small elements of MBA and represented a major destruction event with extensive burning. In the 2014 and 2015 seasons the Iron Age II thru 8th century BCE layer of area M3 and the Iron age M4 area were worked. A number of unbaked loom weights were found there. The excavation of 2016 was in the LBA administrative palace destruction layer of area M3. Finds included fragments of an Egyptian statue. The 10 century BCE standing stone complex and 9th century BCE fortifications, built on top of the LBA destruction layer, were also further explored. In 2017 excavation work concentrated in the LBA M3 area containing an administrative palace with a basalt monumental entrance stair. Work also continued on the Iron Age II fortifications. In the 2018 excavation season, the 29th season, from June to July 2018, areas worked were the LBA M3, the 8th century BCE and Persian M4, and the 8th and 10th century BC M68. In the 2019 season, the 13th of the current excavation, areas M4 and M68 were worked, both Iron Age.
In total, Hazor has provided more cuneiform tablets than any other site in the Southern Levant. They fall into two groups. Those from the Middle Bronze period are in standard Old Babylonian Akkadian language while those from the Late Bronze Age are in a local dialect typical of New Kingdom Egyptian times.
Finds from the dig are housed in a museum at Kibbutz Ayelet HaShahar. In 2008, some artifacts in the museum were damaged in an earthquake.
Chronology
This table lists the strata (layers) of ruined settlements that accumulated to form Tel Hazor according to Hazor archeologist Sharon Zuckerman. The shades represent the different archeological periods: Bronze Age, Iron Age, Persian period and Hellenistic period. Some layers are associated with the content of contemporary historical sources.
In a recent article (2021), Israel Finkelstein, quoting his past articles regarding stratum X in Tel Hazor (shown in the table above), commonly attributed to Solomon, states:
Finkelstein's Low Chronology is disputed by other archaeologists, such as William G. Dever, who considers that although the "larger-than-life" portrait of the Bible is exaggerated, Judah was a centralized kingdom around 10th century BCE and likely ruled by Solomon. The conventional date of stratum X in the 10th century is also supported by Amnon Ben-Tor and Shlomit Bechar, the chief excavators at the site. A more nuanced position is held by Avraham Faust et al. (2021), who consider the chronological difference between Finkelstein and his opponents was already narrowed when he agreed that "not only the Iron Age IIA, but perhaps even the late Iron Age IIA, started already in the 10th century", but that most scholars have instead adopted various versions of the traditional, or modified, chronology.
Among scholars who support Finkelstein's Low chronology, regarding Tel Hazor's stratum X, is Merja Alanne, which in her (2017) Doctoral dissertation, quoting late Dr. Orna Zimhoni's work (1997), writes:
History
Early Bronze Age
The first settlement excavated in Tel Hazor is dated to the Early Bronze Age II and III periods, existing at around the 28th and 24th centuries BCE. It was part of a system of settlements around the Hula Valley, including Abel Beth Maachah, Dan and Kedesh. The settlement was exposed in limited areas where a few houses were discovered. Based on these finds, Early Bronze Age Hazor was not a significant settlement. With that said, it seems that a large monumental structure dated to the following Middle Bronze Age period was already erected in the Early Bronze Age, sometime after the 27th century BCE. If this is true it implies that already in its beginnings, Hazor was a well-planned settlement that served as an urban center. It also shows one of the earliest examples of Basalt slabs used as foundations to walls (Orthostates) in the Southern Levant, only preceded by a temple from Tel Megiddo. The transition to the Early Bronze Age III period is characterized by the movement of people from rural areas within the valley to major urban sites such as Hazor, Dan and Abel Beth Maachah. Thus the establishment of a possible palace in Hazor, as well as in Dan, attest to this phenomenon.
A large part of Hazor's pottery from that time belongs to the Khirbet Kerak type. A petrographic study of these vessels has shown that they were made with local clays and that Hazor played a key role in distributing them across the country. The study also showed that other types of pottery were made of a different source of local clay. This use of two different local clays for two different families of vessels might indicate a technical decision or otherwise the presence of two or more workshops. One theory suggests that the manufacturers of the Khirbet Kerak tools, which were introduced to the settlement, chose or were forced to use a different source of clay, not controlled by the other workshops. Noteworthy is the discovery of 15 cylinder seal impressions on pottery from this period, added to another found some 2 kilometers south. This assemblage is one of the largest in the southern Levant and the fact it was found in such a small excavation area further supports the reconstruction of Hazor as an important city during this period.
Intermediate Bronze Age
This period, at the end of the 3rd millennium BCE, is a period of urban decline, separating the Early Bronze Age, which is the Levant's first urban era, from the re-urbanization of the region in the Middle Bronze Age. Throughout the country, most cities were abandoned and archaeologists found mainly small agricultural villages and tombs. Hazor is one of the few exceptions. Remains of several structures from this period were discovered on the site reveal that Hazor was indeed settled in this period. A large amount of pottery belonging to the Megiddo Ware family was discovered in the site and forms the largest assemblage of this kind in the southern Levant. Also, a large amount of copper ingots were collected. These two discoveries might shed light on pottery and metal industries that existed in Hazor during this period, proving its regional importance during this period of decline.
Middle Bronze Age
During the Middle Bronze IIA (MBIIA; 1820-1550), Hazor was a vassal of Ishi-Addu of Qatna.
Execration texts
In Egypt, Hazor is mentioned in the execration texts.
Mari Archive
At Mari (Syria), on the Euphrates River, letters mention Hazor during the reigns of Yasmah-Adad and Zimri-Lim(1775-1761 BC). Hazor is part of a trade route Hazor-Qatna-Mari. A tablet fragment was also found at Hazor which listed an expected trade path from Hazor to Mari and then on to Ekallatum.
Late Bronze Age
During the Egyptian Second Intermediate Period and early New Kingdoms (together running between 18th century BCE and 13th century BCE), Canaan was an Egyptian vassal state; thus 14th century documents, from the El Amarna archive in Egypt, describe the king of Hazor (in Amarna letters called Hasura), Abdi-Tirshi, as swearing loyalty to the Egyptian pharaoh.
According to the Book of Joshua, Hazor was the seat of Jabin, a powerful Canaanite king who led a Canaanite confederation against Joshua, but was defeated by Joshua, who burnt Hazor to the ground. According to the Book of Judges, Hazor was the seat of Jabin, the king of Canaan, whose commander, Sisera, led a Canaanite army against Barak, but was ultimately defeated. Textual scholars believe that the prose account of Barak, which differs from the poetic account in the Song of Deborah, is a conflation of accounts of two separate events, one concerning Barak and Sisera like the poetic account, the other concerning Jabin's confederation and defeat. In addition, the Book of Judges and Book of Joshua may be parallel accounts referring to the same events, rather than describing different time periods, and thus they may refer to the same Jabin, a powerful king based in Hazor, whose Canaanite confederation was defeated by an Israelite army.
Israel Finkelstein claims that the Israelites emerged as a subculture within Canaanite society and rejects the biblical account of the Israelite conquest of Canaan. In this view, the Book of Joshua conflates several independent battles between disparate groups over the centuries, and artificially attributes them to a single leader, Joshua. One archaeological stratum dating from around 1200 BCE shows signs of catastrophic fire, and cuneiform tablets found at the site refer to monarchs named Ibni Addi, where Ibni may be the etymological origin of Yavin (Jabin). The city also show signs of having been a magnificent Canaanite city prior to its destruction, with great temples and opulent palaces, split into an upper acropolis, and lower city; the town evidently had been a major Canaanite city. He theorized that the destruction of Hazor was the result of civil strife, attacks by the Sea Peoples, and/or a result of the general collapse of civilization across the whole Eastern Mediterranean in the Late Bronze Age.
Amnon Ben-Tor of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem believes that recently unearthed evidence of violent destruction by burning verifies the Biblical account. In 2012, a team led Ben-Tor and Sharon Zuckerman discovered a scorched palace from the 13th century BCE in whose storerooms they found 3,400-year-old ewers holding burned crops; Sharon Zuckerman did not agree with Ben-Tor's theory, and claimed that the burning was the result of the city's numerous factions opposing each other with excessive force. More recently, Shlomit Bechar holds that a complex of cultic standing stones (matzebot) from the Iron I and Iron IIa Israelite strata at Hazor was built to commemorate the Israelite conquest of the city. She writes that, whether the Israelites did destroy Hazor or not, this complex shows that the conquest tradition probably emerged at an early date.
There had been claims by Christian polemicists that an artifact found at Hazor is that of "Allah, the moon god".
Israelite Hazor
The archaeological remains suggest that after its destruction, the city of Hazor was rebuilt as a minor village within "the territory of Naphtali" (Joshua 19:36). According to the Books of Kings, the town, along with Megiddo, and Gezer, was substantially fortified and expanded by Solomon. Like Megiddo and Gezer, the remains at Hazor show that during the Early Iron Age the town gained a highly distinctive six-chambered gate, as well as a characteristic style to its administration buildings; archaeologists determined that these constructions at Hazor were built by the same leadership as those at Megiddo and Gezer. Many archaeologists conclude that they were constructed in the tenth century by King Solomon; others date these structures to the early 9th century BCE, during the reign of the Omrides.
Yigael Yadin, one of the earliest archaeologists to work on the site, saw certain features as clearly being Omride; Megiddo, Gezer, and Hazor, all feature deep rock cut pits, from the base of which were rock cut tunnels leading to a well that reached the water table, as water-supply systems, which Yadin attributed to the rule of Ahab; Yadin also attributed to Ahab a citadel, measuring 25 × 21 m, with two-meter thick walls, which was erected in the western part of Hazor. It has been claimed that Yadin's dating was based on the assumption that the layer connected with the gates and administration buildings were built by Solomon.
Archaeological remains indicate that towards the later half of the 9th century BCE, when the king of Israel was Jehu, Hazor fell into the control of Aram Damascus. Some archaeologists suspect that subsequent to this conquest Hazor was rebuilt by Aram, probably as an Aramaean city. When the Assyrians later defeated the Aramaeans, Hazor seemingly returned to Israelite control; Assyrian records indicate that Joash, king of Israel at the time, had paid tribute to Assyria and Israel had become an Assyrian vassal state. Subsequently, the town, along with the remainder of the kingdom of Israel, entered a period of great prosperity, particularly during the rule of Jeroboam II. Some archaeologists attribute the later large scale constructions at Hazor, Megiddo, and Gezer, including the rock cut water supply systems, to this era.
Israel's attempted rebellion against Assyrian domination resulted in an invasion by the forces of the Assyrian ruler, Tiglath-Pileser III; the evidence on the ground suggests that hasty attempts were made to reinforce the defenses of Hazor. Despite the defences, in 732 BCE Hazor was captured, its population deported, and the city was burnt to the ground.
See also
Archaeology of Israel
Cities of the ancient Near East
Early Israelite campaigns
National parks and nature reserves of Israel
References
Further reading
Ruhama Bonfil and Anabel Zarzecki-Peleg, "The Palace in the Upper City of Hazor as an Expression of a Syrian Architectural Paradigm," Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 348, pp. 25–47, Nov 2007
Ruhama Bonfil, "Coming before the King—A Ceremonial Basin in Hazor's Throne Room." Eretz-Israel 30 (Amnon Ben-Tor Volume): 59–72 (Hebrew), 145*–46* (English summary).
Zarzecki-Peleg, A and Bonfil, R. (2011) "A Syrian City-State in Mitanni's Orbit?" Ugarit-Forschungen 43: 537–567
Yadin Yigael and Et Al. Yadin, Hazor I: An Account of the First Season of Excavations, 1955, Magnes Press, 1958
Yadin Yigael, Hazor II: An Account of the Second Season of Excavations, 1956 [James A. De Rothschild Expedition at Hazor], Oxford University Press, 1961,
Yadin Yigael, Hazor III–IV. An Account of the Third and Fourth Seasons of Excavations, 1957–1958. The James A. De Rothschild Expedition at Hazor, Biblical Archaeology Society, 1989,
A. Ben Tor and Robert Bonfil, Hazor: v. 5: The James A De Rothschild Expedition at Hazor (Ancient synagogues studies), Israel Exploration Society, 1997,
Yadin Yigael, Hazor (Schweich Lectures on Biblical Archaeology), British Academy, 1972,
Yadin Yigael, Hazor: Rediscovery of a Great Citadel of the Bible, Littlehampton, 1975,
Schulamit Geva, Hazor, Israel (British Archaeological Reports (BAR)), BAR, 1989,
S. Zuckerman, "Where is the Archive of Hazor Buried?" Biblical Archaeology Review, vol. 32, pp. 28–37, 2006
S. Zuckerman, "'...Slaying oxen and Killing Sheep, Eating Flesh and Drinking Wine...': Feasting in Late Bronze Age Hazor," Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 139,3 (2007), 186-204.
Zarzecki-Peleg, A and Bonfil, R. (2011) "A Syrian City-State in Mitanni's Orbit?" Ugarit-Forschungen 43: 537–567
Bonfil R. and Zarzecki-Peleg A., 2022, "'The iron which the king, my lord, gave to the smiths for work': Aspects of Authority and Prestige in the City Plan of Hazor Stratum VIII." in U. Davidovich, N. Yahalom-Mack & S. Matskevich (eds.), Material, Method, and Meaning: Papers in Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology in Honor of Ilan Sharon, Ägypten und Altes Testament, vol. 110, Zaphon, Münster, pp. 313–335
External links
The Hazor Excavations Project – Hebrew University of Jerusalem
"Yadin photographs & footage of the excavations"
The Hazor Excavation Reports – Hebrew University of Jerusalem
UNESCO World Heritage site for Hazor
Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC
Populated places disestablished in the 8th century BC
Razed cities
Upper Galilee
Land of Israel
Bronze Age sites in Israel
World Heritage Sites in Israel
National parks of Israel
Amarna letters locations
Canaanite cities
Former populated places in Israel
Buildings and structures in Northern District (Israel)
Bronze Age palaces in Israel
Tells (archaeology)
Omrides
Book of Joshua
Book of Judges | 0.91519 |
Invasion of the Booty Snatchers is the second studio album by the P-Funk spin off group Parlet. Released on June of 1979, this was the final Parlet album to feature Mallia Franklin and the first to feature Janice Evans. The album was produced by George Clinton and Ron Dunbar. The cover art was created by Ronald "Stozo" Edwards. The album's highest-charting single was "Riding High".
Invasion of the Booty Snatchers was re-released in Japan on the Casablanca/Polystar label in 1992 and in Germany on Universal in 2003. On July 30, 2013, Real Gone Music in the U.S. reissued both Pleasure Principle and Invasion of the Booty Snatchers, featuring liner notes by former P-Funk minister of information Tom Vickers.
Track listing
"Riding High" (Ron Dunbar, Donny Sterling) – released as 7-inch single Casablanca NB 975 and 12-inch single Casablanca NBD 20161 DJ 7:40
"No Rump to Bump" (Donny Sterling, Ron Dunbar, Jim Vitti, George Clinton) 6:10
"Don't Ever Stop (Lovin' Me, Needin' Me)" (Glenn Goins, Ron Dunbar, George Clinton) – released as single Casablanca NB 995 7:13
"Booty Snatchers" (Ron Dunbar, George Clinton, Phillipina Bishop) 5:50
"You're Leaving" (Gary Cooper, George Clinton, Ron Dunbar) 6:26
"Huff-N-Puff" (Ron Dunbar, Michael Hampton) 7:17
Personnel
Guitars: Gordon Carlton, Jerome Ali, Phelps Collins, Bootsy Collins, Michael Hampton, Kevin D. Oliver, Tim Moore, Glenn Goins, Garry Shider
Bass: Bootsy Collins, Donnie R. Sterling, Jeff Bunn, Jimmy Ali
Drums: Frank Waddy, Gary Cooper, Bootsy Collins, Kenny Colton
Percussion: Carl Small, Larry Fratangelo
Keyboards/Synthesizers: Bernie Worrell, Ernestro Wilson, Joel Johnson, Manon Saulsby
Horns: Benny Cowan, Greg Boyer, Greg Thomas
Additional vocals: George Clinton, Mallia Franklin, Donnie Sterling, Cheryl James, Ray Davis, Ron Ford, Robert Johnson, Gary Cooper, Gordon Carlton, Janice Carlton
References
1979 albums
Parlet albums
Casablanca Records albums | 0.654577 |
James Guidry (born March 12, 1967) is a former American football quarterback who played five seasons in the Arena Football League (AFL) with the Dallas Texans, Milwaukee Mustangs, Florida Bobcats, Anaheim Piranhas and Portland Forest Dragons. He played college football at Texas A&I University. He was also a member of the Detroit Drive.
Professional career
Detroit Drive
Guidry was a member of the Detroit Drive during the 1993 Arena Football League season.
Dallas Texans
Guidry was traded to the Dallas Texans in June 1993.
Milwaukee Mustangs
After playing in Europe for several years, Guidry signed with the Milwaukee Mustangs in April 1996.
Florida Bobcats
Guidry played for the Florida Bobcats in 1996.
Anaheim Piranhas
Guidry was traded to the Anaheim Piranhas in March 1997. He was released by the Piranhas in April 1997.
Portland Forest Dragons
Guidry played for the Portland Forest Dragons from 1998 to 1999. He recorded 87 touchdowns on 4,069 passing yards during his time with the Forest Dragons. His playing career ended when he was knocked unconscious after being blindsided in the end zone for a sack during a game on May 8, 1999. He spent six days in the hospital after the hit to his spinal cord and was partially paralyzed on his left side until undergoing surgery. Guidry was named the AFL's Most Inspirational Player of the Year in 1999.
References
External links
Just Sports Stats
Living people
1967 births
American football quarterbacks
African-American players of American football
Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas football players
Dallas Texans (Arena) players
Milwaukee Mustangs (1994–2001) players
Florida Bobcats players
Anaheim Piranhas players
Portland Forest Dragons players
Players of American football from Beaumont, Texas
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople | 0.397463 |
Flooding in North Korea in August 2007 caused extensive damage and loss of life. The flooding affected most of the southern half of the country including the capital and some of its most productive agricultural regions. Aid officials feared the loss of crop land could seriously hinder the North's ability to feed its people, causing widespread famine.
History
On August 15, 2007, North Korea announced it had been hit extremely hard by floods after a solid week of torrential rains, and that it desperately needed assistance from the outside world. The previous year, the country also experienced massive flooding when torrential rains in July left hundreds if not thousands dead. The difference is this time Pyongyang reacted quickly to the disaster, requesting help while the waters were still high, rather than keeping silent as long as possible, as it has done in the past.
Television footage from North Korea showed citizens in Pyongyang wading in knee- and waist-deep waters along the capital's grand boulevards. Government officials invited foreign diplomats in Pyongyang to venture out to the countryside to view first-hand the devastation wrought by the relentless rains.
On August 27, North Korea said it had suspended its yearly showcase Arirang mass games. The performance resumed after the flood damage was cleared away.
By August 31, North Korea reported recovering from devastating floods thanks to vigorous work by its citizens and officials. Railway services had resumed with many sections of broken track restored. Telecommunications workers were reported restoring destroyed or submerged electrical cables. Yet, the dispatch made no mention of foreign assistance. The country's leader Kim Jong-Il thanked the leaders of 11 countries on September 11 for their help in flood relief, except South Korea even though they sent 37.4 billion won (39.8 million dollars) of relief aid.
Farmland
The flooding submerged, buried or washed away more than 11 percent of the country's rice and corn fields. The North is especially susceptible to bad weather because of a vicious circle where people strip hillsides of natural vegetation to create more arable land to grow food — increasing the risk of floods. On August 16, 2007, Paul Lysley, spokesperson for the WFP Asia, has estimated the damage to crops alone at 450,000 tons.
The United Nations' Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported some 223,381 hectares of farmland were damaged, with about 20 percent of North Korea's paddy fields and 15 percent of its corn fields flooded or washed away.
Relief aid
On August 17, 2007, Seoul, South Korea decided to provide $7.5 million in flood relief to North Korea. Initial aid shipments included noodles, drinking water, powdered milk, blankets and medicines. On August 23, 2007, a convoy of 34 trucks carrying emergency food rations, water and other goods left South Korea for the North. Seoul has pledged to provide 7.1 billion won ($7.6 million) in aid.
NGOs such as the Red Cross also asked people to raise funds because they feared a humanitarian catastrophe.
On August 29, Japan considered sending humanitarian aid to North Korea to help it recover from devastating floods. Sending aid would be a reversal for Japan, which has previously linked aid to resolving a row over North Korea's abduction of Japanese citizens. Japan has not sent any humanitarian aid to North Korea since late 2004, in protest at a lack of progress over Japanese nationals kidnapped by Pyongyang in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
The United Nations requested US$14 million to provide North Korea with food, medicine, drinking water and other emergency goods. The United States pledged at least US$100,000 for the U.N.
See also
North Korean famine
2006 North Korean floods
2012 North Korean floods
2018 North Korean floods
References
North Korean floods
Flooding
Floods in North Korea
2007 disasters in North Korea | 0.685421 |
Additive combinatorics is an area of combinatorics in mathematics. One major area of study in additive combinatorics are inverse problems: given the size of the sumset A + B is small, what can we say about the structures of and ? In the case of the integers, the classical Freiman's theorem provides a partial answer to this question in terms of multi-dimensional arithmetic progressions.
Another typical problem is to find a lower bound for in terms of and . This can be viewed as an inverse problem with the given information that is sufficiently small and the structural conclusion is then of the form that either or is the empty set; however, in literature, such problems are sometimes considered to be direct problems as well. Examples of this type include the Erdős–Heilbronn Conjecture (for a restricted sumset) and the Cauchy–Davenport Theorem. The methods used for tackling such questions often come from many different fields of mathematics, including combinatorics, ergodic theory, analysis, graph theory, group theory, and linear algebraic and polynomial methods.
History of additive combinatorics
Although additive combinatorics is a fairly new branch of combinatorics (in fact the term additive combinatorics was coined by Terence Tao and Van H. Vu in their book in 2000's), an extremely old problem Cauchy–Davenport theorem is one of the most fundamental results in this field.
Cauchy–Davenport theorem
Suppose that A and B are finite subsets of the prime order cyclic group for a prime , then the following inequality holds.
Vosper's theorem
Now we have the inequality for the cardinality of the sum set , it is natural to ask the inverse problem, namely under what conditions on and does the equality hold? Vosper's theorem answers this question. Suppose that (that is, barring edge cases) and
then and are arithmetic progressions with the same difference. This illustrates the structures that are often studied in additive combinatorics: the combinatorial structure of as compared to the algebraic structure of arithmetic progressions.
Plünnecke–Ruzsa inequality
A useful theorem in additive combinatorics is Plünnecke–Ruzsa inequality. This theorem gives an upper bound on the cardinality of in terms of the doubling constant of . For instance using Plünnecke–Ruzsa inequality, we are able to prove a version of Freiman's Theorem in finite fields.
Basic notions
Operations on sets
Let A and B be finite subsets of an abelian group, then the sum set is defined to be
For example, we can write . Similarly we can define the difference set of A and B to be
Here we provide other useful notations.
Not to be confused with
Doubling constant
Let A be a subset of an abelian group. The doubling constant measures how big the sum set is compared to its original size |A|. We define the doubling constant of A to be
Ruzsa distance
Let A and B be two subsets of an abelian group. We define the Ruzsa distance between these two sets to be the quantity
Ruzsa triangle inequality
tells us that the Ruzsa distance obeys the triangle inequality:
However, since cannot be zero, note that the Ruzsa distance is not actually a metric.
References
Citations
Tao, T., & Vu, V. (2012). Additive combinatorics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Green, B. (2009, January 15). Additive Combinatorics Book Review. Retrieved from https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2009-46-03/S0273-0979-09-01231-2/S0273-0979-09-01231-2.pdf.
Mathematical theorems
Combinatorial algorithms | 0.700214 |
Trophon mawsoni is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
Distribution
It can be found off of New Zealand, mainly off of Ninety Mile Beach and North Island.
References
Gastropods described in 1957
Trophon | 0.814756 |
The Nansemond River Light was a screwpile lighthouse located at the confluence of the Nansemond and James rivers in Virginia.
History
This light was erected in 1878 to mark the east side of the entrance to the Nansemond River. Some parts were recycled from the old Roanoke Marshes Light, which had been replaced the previous year. Little of note is recorded about this light, though in 1915 the keeper was cited for recovering a woman's wristwatch dropped overboard. The light was an early victim of automation in 1935, and in the late 1980s the whole structure was removed, leaving no trace of the light to be seen.
Notes
References
Nansemond River Light, from the Chesapeake Chapter of the United States Lighthouse Society
Lighthouses completed in 1878
Lighthouses in Virginia
James River (Virginia)
Buildings and structures in Suffolk, Virginia
Lighthouses in the Chesapeake Bay | 0.862561 |
Sally Walsh (April 1, 1926 – January 12, 1992) was an American interior designer best known for her work in the Houston area in the "contemporary" style of the period. She is credited for "convincing Houston’s corporations and institutions to embrace modernity through the sheer force of her personality and the power of her design". She was inducted into the Interior Design Hall of Fame in 1986. Walsh was Partner in Charge at S. I. Morris Associates from 1971 to 1978.
Early life and training
Walsh was born in Inspiration, Arizona, on April 1, 1926. From ages 6 to 10, she attended schools at the Anaconda Mining Camps where her father worked, and graduated from high school in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
She attended Augustana College, but dropped out because she was bored with the course. Moving to Chicago, at the age of 19 landed a job with Hans Knoll, the co-founder of a major design company and furniture manufacturer. She recalled that, during her six years as Knoll's assistant, she "typed, walked the sheep dog, waited on customers in the showroom, watched Hans present one incredible Planning Unit project after another, called on architectural firms in five states, cut thousands of perfect rectangles out of fabrics and pasted them on plans, flew to Manila to find out why Knoll furniture was arriving in Japan with spool legs, designed spaces, found showroom sites in San Francisco, kept a sharp eye out for imaginative furniture/textiles, decorated the Christmas tree with cookies flown in from Germany, and cried when [she] displeased the fifth God—Hans." Her responsibilities gradually grew until she was manager of a department.
Career
In 1955, she moved to Houston and planned to open a Knoll office there, but Hans Knoll died before these plans took form. After forming her own shop, she was hired by Wilson Stationary & Printing, where she brought in a Knoll dealership. Walsh practiced interior design while at Wilson and introduced modern furniture to Houston. The interior design she completed during this stage of her career included the Schlumberger offices; a 1968 Rodin exhibit for The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; and The University Center Building at the University of Houston. She retained a connection with Knoll, designing the interior of Knoll International's Houston showroom.
In 1971, Walsh joined S. I. Morris Associates as Partner in Charge of Interior Design. Walsh designed the interiors for Houston's first open office building, which was published in the April 1974 issue of Interior Magazine. She also designed the interiors for the Braniff International Airways Headquarters and the Rice Memorial Center at Rice University. During this period, she also designed the interior of Houston's Central Public Library, a design lost through a remodelling project in 2008.
From 1980, she worked independently. In 1986, she was inducted in the Interior Design Hall of Fame, the first Houstonian to be admitted. She died from leukaemia on January 12, 1992. Her name is recognized by many because of the lecture series endowed by Raymond Brochstein and named in her honor, as she "brought modern design to Houston and became an inspiration to a whole generation of Houston architects and designers." Her prototype for an executive desk is held by the MFAH.
References
1992 deaths
1926 births
American interior designers
Artists from Houston | 0.811269 |
Jason Jung (; ; born 15 June 1989) is an American-born professional tennis player who represents Chinese Taipei. He is a University of Michigan alumnus who has cracked the Top 150 in the ATP rankings and also won four ATP Challenger events.
Personal life
Jung played college tennis at the University of Michigan, where he majored in political science. As a tennis player, he was the National and Midwest Regional winner of the ITA/Arthur Ashe Award for Leadership & Sportsmanship in 2010, made the All Big Ten team as a junior and senior, and is 4th all-time in Michigan history in career doubles wins.
He blogs about his experiences and his life as a professional tennis player. He was featured in an article by ESPN's Grantland (along with fellow Michigan alum Evan King and up-and-coming players Frances Tiafoe and William Blumberg) that highlighted the struggles and low prize money in playing on the ITF Futures Tour.
Career
Jung's reached his first quarterfinal at the 2018 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships in Newport, Rhode Island. He defeated veteran Nicolas Mahut in the second round, but his run was ended by Tim Smyczek, who outlasted Jung 6–1, 5–7, 6–4 in a nearly two-hour, 185-point quarterfinal match.
His career-best result is a semifinal berth at the 2020 New York Open, where he defeated former world number 5 Kevin Anderson in the first round, followed by 7th seed Cameron Norrie in the second before upsetting defending champion and 3rd seed Reilly Opelka in the quarterfinals. He was eliminated in the semifinals by Italian veteran Andreas Seppi in straight sets.
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 19 (8–11)
Doubles: 12 (9–3)
Performance timeline
Singles
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
Taiwanese male tennis players
American male tennis players
American sportspeople of Taiwanese descent
Sportspeople from Torrance, California
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
Michigan Wolverines men's tennis players
Universiade medalists in tennis
Tennis players at the 2018 Asian Games
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Chinese Taipei
Tennis people from California
Asian Games competitors for Chinese Taipei
Medalists at the 2017 Summer Universiade | 0.327827 |
Carlito is a Spanish or Portuguese masculine given name, nickname that is a diminutive form of Carlos. Notable people with this name include the following:
Given name
Carlito Joaquin Cenzon (1939 – 2019), Filipino Roman Catholic bishop
Carlito Fermina (born 2000), Dutch footballer
Carlito Galvez Jr. (born 1962), Filipino general
Carlito A. Lanada, Sr. (born 1939), Filipino martial artist
Carlito Puno, Filipino technocrat
Carlito Quijano, Former Chief Ranorexpert for QRM
Nickname
Carlito, one of many stage names of Jonny Jakobsen (born 1963), eurodance artist
Carlito Caribbean Cool, former stage name of Carlos Edwin Colón Jr., who is known as Carly Colón (born 1979), Puerto Rican wrestler
Carlito Olivero, professional name of Carlos Emmanuel Olivero (born 1989), American singer
Hypno Carlito, stage name of Robert Roger Amparan (born 1989), American rapper, singer, and songwriter
Fictional characters
Carlito, crime syndicate leader in Crank film
Carlito Brigante antihero of Carlito's Way media franchise
Carlito Keyes, mayor antagonist in first game of Dead Rising series.
See also
Carlino (name)
Carlitos
Notes
Portuguese masculine given names
Spanish masculine given names
Masculine given names | 0.915637 |
Prelà is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about southwest of Genoa and about northwest of Imperia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 497 and an area of .
Prelà borders the following municipalities: Borgomaro, Carpasio, Dolcedo, Montalto Ligure, and Vasia.
Demographic evolution
Twin towns — sister cities
Prelà is twinned with:
Châteauneuf-Grasse, France (2005)
References
Cities and towns in Liguria | 0.780667 |
Rugby Canada is the national governing body for the sport of rugby union in Canada. Rugby Canada was incorporated in 1974, and stems from the Canadian Rugby Football Union, a body established in 1884 that now governs amateur Canadian football as Football Canada; and the now-defunct Rugby Union of Canada, established in 1929. Rugby Canada administers the Canada national rugby union team and sanctions the Rugby Canada National Junior Championship, a national competition for under-20 men's teams. It previously sanctioned the Super League as the premier level of men's competition in the country, but scrapped that league after the Americas Rugby Championship was created in 2009 as a two-stage competition in which the first involved only Canadian teams.
History
Canadian Rugby Football Union
The Canadian Rugby Football Union was established in 1884 with the specific purpose of organizing play-off games between various union champions. Representatives from the Montreal Football club (now known as the Westmount Rugby Club), the Toronto Rugby Football Club and the Hamilton Rugby Football Club, had meetings in Toronto and Montreal. It was decided that the union would continue to use the English rugby rules, and at the end of the season the winning club of the Quebec Championship would play the Ontario Champion for the Club Championship of the Dominion.
This organization (also known at different times as the Canadian Rugby Union) was the forerunner of the Canadian Football League, as rugby football in Canada evolved into Canadian football with rugby union being known as English rugby. To make matters more confusing the word rugby continued to be applied to Canadian football. It was not until 1967 that the original CRU finally cleared up this confusion by renaming itself the Canadian Amateur Football Association; it adopted its current name of Football Canada in 1986.
Rugby Union of Canada
The Rugby Union of Canada, re-formed in 1965 as the Canadian Rugby Union with British Columbia's Bob Spray as its first president. It was incorporated in 1974 and is affiliated to World Rugby. Since then, Rugby Canada, as it is known, has been a permanent fixture on the global rugby scene, including trips to each of the nine Rugby World Cups (the first of which was 1987 in Australia and New Zealand).
As a regular in the World Rugby Sevens Series, Canada continues to climb the world rankings.
Teams
National teams
Canada national rugby union team
Canada women's national rugby union team
National 7s teams
Canada national rugby sevens team
Canada women's national rugby union team (sevens)
Provincial Rugby Unions in Canada
British Columbia Rugby Union
Fraser Valley Rugby Union
Vancouver Rugby Union
New Brunswick Rugby Union
Newfoundland Rugby Union
Ontario Rugby Union
PEI Rugby Union
Rugby Alberta
Rugby Manitoba
Rugby Nova Scotia
Rugby Quebec
Saskatchewan Rugby Union
See also
Rugby union in Canada
References
Rugby Canada's Home Page
Sports governing bodies in Canada
Canada
Canada | 0.988704 |
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1746.
Events
May 9 – Voltaire, on being admitted into the Académie française, gives a discours de réception in which he criticizes Boileau's poetry.
June 18 – Samuel Johnson signs a contract to compile A Dictionary of the English Language for a group of London booksellers led by Robert Dodsley at a literary breakfast.
August 28 – A Native American massacre on this day of two white families in Deerfield, Massachusetts, gives rise to the first known poem by an African American, Lucy Terry, at the time a slave of around 16: "Bars Fight, August 28, 1746".
October 4 – Irish actor Spranger Barry makes his London stage debut in the title role of Othello at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane (with Charles Macklin as Iago).
unknown dates
The probable first performance of Carlo Goldoni's comedy Servant of Two Masters () takes place at the Teatro San Samuele in Venice.
The oldest manuscript of Jean de Joinville's Life of Saint Louis is rediscovered in Brussels.
Élie Catherine Fréron founds his controversial journal Lettres de la comtesse de...
New books
Prose
John Arbuthnot (died 1735) – Miscellanies
John Collier as "Tim Bobbin" – A View of the Lancashire Dialect by way of dialogue between Tummus... and Meary...
Zachary Grey – A Word or Two of Advice to William Warburton
James Hervey – Meditations Among the Tombs
Soame Jenyns – The Modern Fine Gentleman
Jacques Rochette de La Morlière – Angola
Pierre Louis Maupertuis – Astronomie nautique, volume 2
Tobias Smollett – Advice
Lauritz de Thurah – Den Danske Vitruvius, volume I
John Upton – Critical Observations on Shakespeare
Horace Walpole – The Beauties
John Wesley
The Principles of a Methodist Father Explain'd
Sermons on Several Occasions
Drama
Charles Macklin – Henry VII
Pierre de Marivaux – Le Préjugé vaincu
Takeda Izumo I, Takeda Izumo II, Namiki Sōsuke and Miyoshi Shōraku – Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami
Poetry
Thomas Blacklock – Poems
William Collins – Odes
Thomas Cooke – A Hymn to Liberty
Christian Fürchtegott Gellert – Fabeln und Erzählungen (Fables and Stories) (in verse)
Joseph Warton – Odes on Various Subjects
See also 1746 in poetry
Births
January 12 – Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, Swiss educational reformer (died 1827)
January 25 – Stéphanie Félicité, comtesse de Genlis, French writer, harpist, educator (died 1830)
March 27 – Michael Bruce, Scottish poet (died 1767)
April 3 – Jean-Baptiste Cousin de Grainville, French fantasy novelist (died 1805)
May 3 – Radu Golescu, Wallachian statesman and literary sponsor (died 1818)
December 21 – José de la Cruz (Huseng Sisiw), Filipino writer (died 1829)
unknown date – Victor d'Hupay, French philosopher (died 1818)
Deaths
February 4 – Robert Blair, Scottish member of the "Graveyard poets" (born 1699)
February 8 – Anton Josef Kirchweger, Latin Pietist author (year of birth unknown)
May 16 – Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, Italian Jewish rabbi, kabbalist and philosopher (born 1707)
May 22 – Thomas Southerne, Irish dramatist (born 1660)
November 12 – Mary Leapor, English kitchenmaid poet (born 1722; died of measles)
December 6 – Lady Grizel Baillie, Scottish poet (born 1665)
unknown date – Frederic Count de Thoms, German biographer of King Louis XIV of France and art collector (born 1669)
References
Years of the 18th century in literature | 0.535435 |
Caribicus darlingtoni, also known commonly as Darlington's galliwasp and the Hispaniolan striped galliwasp, is a species of lizard in the family Diploglossidae. The species is endemic to the Dominican Republic on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.
Taxonomy
C. darlingtoni was formerly classified in the genus Celestus, but was moved to the genus Caribicus in 2021.
Etymology
The specific name, darlingtoni, is in honor of American entomologist Philip Jackson Darlington Jr.
Habitat
The preferred natural habitat of C. darlingtoni is Hispaniolan pine forests, at altitudes of .
Description
Males of C. darlingtoni may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of . Females are about one fifth smaller, only attaining SVL.
Reproduction
C. darlingtoni is oviparous.
References
Further reading
Cochran DM (1939). "Diagnoses of three new lizards and a frog from the Dominican Republic". Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club 18: 1–3. (Celestus darlingtoni, new species, p. 2).
Schools M, Hedges SB (2021). "Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae)". Zootaxa 4974 (2): 201–257. (Caribicus darlingtoni, new combination).
Schwartz A, Henderson RW (1991). Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. 720 pp. . (Celestus darlingtoni, p. 372).
Caribicus
Reptiles described in 1939
Reptiles of the Dominican Republic
Endemic fauna of the Dominican Republic
Taxa named by Doris Mable Cochran | 0.939654 |
General elections were held in Mexico in 1888. Incumbent president Porfirio Díaz was re-elected with 99.7% of the vote.
Results
President
References
Mexico
General
Presidential elections in Mexico
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results | 0.835916 |
Cape of St. Mary () is the southernmost point of mainland Portugal, in the municipality of Faro. It is a point in the smooth curve of a long sandy beach in the Island of Barreta.
Its coordinates are approximately .
See also
Extreme points of Portugal
References
Santa Maria
Faro, Portugal
Extreme points of Portugal
Geography of Faro District
Tourist attractions in Faro District | 0.521363 |
Matugani is a steel accelerator roller coaster located at Lost Island Theme Park in Waterloo, Iowa, United States. Manufactured by Intamin, it originally opened at Liseberg amusement park in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 2005 as Kanonen ("the cannon"). The ride features a hydraulic launch and two inversions. The coaster was built with a tightly packed layout because of the limited area that was available at Liseberg. On December 30, 2016, Kanonen closed permanently at Liseberg and was replaced by Valkyria, a Bolliger & Mabillard dive coaster. The coaster was dismantled and sold in 2018 to Lost Island Water Park, where it was rebuilt.
History
Liseberg
In 2002, Liseberg's only looping roller coaster HangOver, a Vekoma Invertigo model, was removed. The park contacted several roller coaster manufacturers with the aim of introducing a new looping ride, with the winning bid coming from Swiss company Intamin. Lars-Erik Hedin, technical director of Liseberg said "Due to the good experiences with Balder and the impressive catapult launch we decided to mandate Intamin again with the project".
In 2016, Liseberg announced that Kanonen would close to be replaced by a B&M dive coaster called Valkyria in 2018. December 30, 2016 was Kanonen's last day, it was then dismantled and sold afterwards.
Lost Island Theme Park
On July 19, 2018, the roller coaster was sold to Lost Island Water Park located in Waterloo, Iowa. It was planned to be included within a theme park expansion of the complex that was planned to open in 2022 and was initially set to be placed on the park's lake shore before soil stability concerns resulted in it trading places with the Yuta Falls flume ride. Located in the Yuta Earth Tribe realm, the coaster was renamed Matugani, with a green track repaint and snake themed trains. Matugani did not open with the rest of the park in June 2022, as the new brake motor parts were delayed by supply chain issues.
Within the attraction's backstory, Matugani is a giant emerald serpent that prowled the jungle of the Yuta Realm and was considered a menace until it rescued the Yuta people when their civilization became trapped in their mines in a landslide by guiding them back to the surface through one of their burrows. This act lead the Yuta to begin living in balance with nature and Matugani was celebrated as a wise protector. The coaster's station is themed as the Yuta's former mining headquarters, now converted into a temple to honor Matugani.
Track layout
After departing the station, Matugani's 16-person trains are accelerated to 72 km/h straight into a high top hat element. This is immediately followed by an air time hill and a high vertical loop, the first inversion of the ride. After a highly banked turnaround, the trains pass through a heartline roll before entering the brake run, bringing the ride to an end.
Rollbacks
On June 8, 2009, a train got balanced at the top of the top-hat with 14 riders on board.
References
Lost Island Theme Park
Roller coasters in Iowa
Fictional snakes
Articles containing video clips | 0.943807 |
Open-source software advocacy is the practice of attempting to increase the awareness and improve the perception of open-source software. In some cases, this may be in opposition to proprietary software or intellectual property concepts (e.g. patents and copyrights as a whole).
Leading open-source advocates include Brian Behlendorf, Tim O'Reilly, Eric Raymond, Linus Torvalds, Mitch Kapor, Jim Jagielski and Paul Vixie. Others that advocate the related free software movement include Richard Stallman, Alan Cox, Jimmy Wales and Eben Moglen. Bruce Perens is a prominent figure who works to promote both terms.
There are even broadcast and podcast radio shows whose sole subject is open source advocacy. Gutsy Geeks and Open Source (radio show) are but two examples.
See also
Technical evangelist
Category Open Source Advocates
External links
Further reading
Eren Niazi
Open-source movement
Free software culture and documents
Free software
Free culture movement | 0.480734 |
The PR1 women's single sculls competition at the 2022 World Rowing Championships took place at the Račice regatta venue.
Schedule
The schedule was as follows:
All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)
Results
Heats
The fastest boats in each heat advanced directly to Final A. The remaining boats were sent to the repechages.
Heat 1
Heat 2
Repechage
The four fastest boats in repechage advanced to the Final A. The remaining boats were relegated.
Finals
The final determined the rankings.
Final A
References
2022 World Rowing Championships | 0.810101 |
Giorgio Belladonna (7 June 1923 – 12 May 1995) was an Italian bridge player, one of the greatest of all time. He won 16 world championship titles with the Blue Team, playing with Walter Avarelli from 1956 to 1969 and later with Benito Garozzo. A leading theoretician, he was the principal inventor of the Roman Club bidding system, from 1956, and with Benito Garozzo after 1969 created Super Precision, a complex strong club based method. He was known as much for his mercurial temperament as for the brilliance of his card play; see, for example, Belladonna coup.
Belladonna died of lung cancer, according to his daughter, on 12 May 1995 in Rome. He was survived by his wife Maria Antoinetta, one daughter, one son, and four grandchildren.
Alan Truscott described him as "a cheerful extrovert" and "normally unflappable at the table". He had been "a potential soccer star, but World War II interrupted that career path". He worked in the Social Security Administration until 1970.
Bridge accomplishments
World championships
Wins
Belladonna won 16 world championships, all as a member of the Italy open .
Bermuda Bowl (13) 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967 and 1969; 1973, 1974, 1975
World Team Olympiad (3) 1964, 1968, 1972
From 1957 to 1969 the Blue Team with nearly uniform personnel and partnerships won all 10 Bermuda Bowl tournaments (after 1959, as defending champion with another European champion in the field). It placed 6th in the inaugural 1960 Olympiad tournament and won the 1964 and 1968 renditions. After 1969 there were some retirements, including Avarelli's, and some rearrangements, including Belladonna's and Garozzo's establishment of their partnership. In 1975 Italy won its last open team world championship (until 2005) with Belladonna and Garozzo alone "survivors from the great Blue Team".
Runners-up
Bermuda Bowl 1976, 1979, 1983
World Team Olympiad 1976
European championships
Wins
European Open Teams (10) 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1979
Runners-up
European Open Teams (3) 1962, 1977, 1983
References
External links
(including 5 "from old catalog")
1923 births
1995 deaths
Italian contract bridge players
Bermuda Bowl players
Contract bridge writers
Sportspeople from Rome
Place of birth missing | 0.933562 |
The Multiethnic Party for Coast Unity ( - PAMUC) is a regional Nicaraguan political party founded in 2000. PAMUC has its base of supporters in the municipality of Waspam, in the North Atlantic Autonomous Region. The PAMUC contested in the 2002 Atlantic Coast Regional Elections and won 1 seat (out of 45) in the RAAN Regional Council. As of 2006, PAMUC is in alliance with the Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance in the 2006 Nicaraguan general election.
References
Political parties established in 2000
Political parties in Nicaragua | 0.905527 |
Qareh Qayah () is a village in Dizmar-e Markazi Rural District, Kharvana District, Varzaqan County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37, in 11 families.
References
Towns and villages in Varzaqan County | 0.1231 |
Henry Ludwig Mond, 2nd Baron Melchett (10 May 1898 – 22 January 1949) was a British politician, industrialist and financier.
Early life and education
Henry Mond was born in London, the only son of Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett and his wife Violet (née Goetze). He was educated at Winchester College. In the First World War he was commissioned with the South Wales Borderers on 9 April 1915 and wounded in 1916.
Business life
He then joined some of his father's businesses, becoming a director of Imperial Chemical Industries and serving as deputy chairman from 1940 to 1947. He was also a director of the Mond Nickel Company and Barclays Bank.
Politics
He served as Member of Parliament for the Isle of Ely 1923-24 as a Liberal. He won against Unionist candidate Max Townley in the 1923 general election with a small majority of 467. In the same election his father, Sir Alfred Mond, Bt, lost his seat of Swansea West. He was unable to retain the Isle of Ely at the 1924 general election.
Like his father, he later became a Conservative. He was Conservative Member of Parliament for Liverpool East Toxteth from 1929 to 1930, when, on the death of his father, he succeeded to the barony becoming the 2nd Baron Melchett. He then set about restoring the family finances and moved his interests away from politics to economics.
Religion
Having been brought up in the Church of England, he reverted in the 1930s to his family's original Judaism and became a champion of Zionism, hoping that the Jews and Arabs could live harmoniously alongside each other. He advocated the evacuation of Jews from Germany to Palestine and supported the formation of an independent state of Palestine as part of the British Commonwealth. He was chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine and took an interest in the Maccabi Jewish youth organisation.
Personal life
He married Amy Gwen Wilson (usually called Gwen, the daughter of Edward John Wilson, who lived in Johannesburg), at Chelsea Register Office on 30 January 1920. She was described as "a show stopping beauty and artist". Their relationship began when she was living with writer Gilbert Cannan, a friend of D. H. Lawrence, and they initially formed a ménage à trois.
From 1930 the couple lived in a London home, Mulberry House in Smith Square, Westminster. Paying homage to their early relationship, they commissioned a high relief from the prominent artist Charles Sargeant Jagger called "Scandal", which they displayed in their living room. This showed a naked couple in an intimate embrace watched by society ladies in a state of outrage. The sculpture and the Baron's relationship led to censure and outrage from their contemporaries. In 2008 "Scandal" was bought for £106,000 by the Victoria and Albert Museum where it is on display.
Family
They had had two sons – the Honourable Derek John Henry Mond (18 October 1922 – 30 April 1945), Julian (9 January 1925 – 15 June 1973), and one daughter, the Honourable Karis Valerie Violet (26 July 1927 – 8 February 2006). Derek was killed in a flying accident while he was serving with the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve in 1945.
Mond bought and restored Colworth House on the edge of the Bedfordshire village of Sharnbrook and lived there for twelve years. During World War II he made the house available for the recuperation of American nurses and to house Jewish refugees. He sold the house to Unilever in 1947 due to his wife's belief that moving to Florida would restore his health. He died at Miami Beach, Florida in 1949 aged 50 and the title passed to his surviving son Julian. Mond was cremated in Islington.
Publications
Why the Crisis? (1931)
Modern Money (1932)
Thy Neighbour (1937)
Hunting and Polo
Coat of arms
Images
See also
Ludwig Mond Award
Melchett Medal
Mond gas
Brunner Mond
Notes
External links
1898 births
1949 deaths
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1923–1924
UK MPs 1929–1931
Melchett, B2
English Jews
British Ashkenazi Jews
British Zionists
English people of German-Jewish descent
Converts to Judaism from Anglicanism
People educated at Winchester College
South Wales Borderers officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British landowners
Henry Mond, 2nd Baron Melchett
Jewish British politicians
People from Sharnbrook
Military personnel from London
20th-century English businesspeople | 0.942973 |
The Afar (), also known as the Danakil, Adali and Odali, are a Cushitic-speaking ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, as well as the entire southern coast of Eritrea. The Afar speak the Afar language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family. Afars are the only inhabitants of the Horn of Africa whose traditional territories border both the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
History
Early history
The earliest surviving written mention of the Afar is from the 13th-century Andalusian writer Ibn Sa'id, who reported that they inhabited the area around the port of Suakin, as far south as Mandeb, near Tadjoura.
The Afar are consistently mentioned in Ethiopian records. They are first mentioned in the royal chronicles of Emperor Amda Seyon in a campaign beyond the Awash River, the chronicles describes them as being devout Muslims and "very tall with ugly faces". According to the chronicler, the Emperor would defeat them in battle and then proceed to pillage and destroy their settlements.
They are again mentioned over a century later in the royal chronicles of Emperor Baeda Maryam. According to his chronicler the ruler of the Danakil offered to intervene and help in the Emperor's campaign against their neighbors, the Dobe'a. He sent the Emperor a horse, a mule laden with dates, a shield, and two spears to show his support, along with a message saying, "I have set up my camp, O my master, with the intention of stopping these people. If they are your enemies, I will not let them pass, and will seize them."
According to sixteenth century Portuguese explorer Francisco Álvares, the Kingdom of Dankali was confined by Abyssinia to its west and Adal Sultanate in the east.
Aussa States
Afar society has traditionally been organized into independent kingdoms, each ruled by its own Sultan. Among these were the Sultanate of Aussa, Sultanate of Girrifo, Sultanate of Dawe, Sultanate of Tadjourah, Sultanate of Rahaito, and Sultanate of Gobaad. In 1577, the Adal leader Imam Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa in modern Afar region. In 1647, the rulers of the Emirate of Harar broke away to form their own polity. Harari imams continued to have a presence in the southern Afar Region until they were overthrown in the eighteenth century by the Mudaito dynasty of Afar who later established the Sultanate of Aussa. The primary symbol of the Sultan was a silver baton, which was considered to have magical properties.
Afar Egyptian War
From the account given by survivors, on the 5th of October 1875 Werner Munzinger, along with his wife and child, arrived in Tadjoura, with their errands being to open up the roads between Ankober and Tadjoura, to enter into communication with King Menelik of Shewa. He was also instructed to annex the Afar Sultanate of Aussa, and march further into areas like Wollo. His forces consisted of 350 soldiers, 2 guns, and 45 camels. On the 14th of November upon reaching Aussa the Egyptian forces were attacked at night by a large number of Oromos. The Afar and Oromo forces managed to subdue the Egyptian army and destroyed their army leaving only a small number left which fled to Massawa. Amongst the Egyptian casualties were the martyrs of their leader Munzinger, his wife, and his child.
Pre-19th century
According to Elisée Reclus, Afar are divided into two groups, the Asaimara and the Adoimara. These groups are further subdivided into upwards of 150 sub-tribes according to their interests but all combine against the common enemy. The Modaitos who occupy the region of the lower Awash are the most powerful and no European traversed their territory without claiming the right of hospitality or the brotherhood of blood. Some Afars helped the Europeans by providing, for a fee, the security of Western caravans that circulated between the southern coast of the Red Sea and central Ethiopia. Towards the end of the 19th century, the sultanates of Raheita and Tadjoura on the coasts of the Red Sea have then colonized between European powers: Italy forms Italian Eritrea with Assab and Massawa, and France the French Somaliland in Djibouti, but the inland Aussa in the south was able to maintain its independence for longer. Even comparatively fertile and located on the Awash River, it was demarcated from the outside by surrounding desert areas.
War with Ethiopia
Ethiopia wanted to neutralize the Afar people and prevent them from helping the Italians during the course of the First Italo-Ethiopian War in 1895–1896. The show of Abyssinian force dissuaded the Afar sultan Mahammad Hanfare of the Sultanate of Aussa from honouring his treaties with Italy, and instead Hanfare secured a modicum of autonomy within the Ethiopian Empire by accepting Emperor Menelik indirect rule after the war.
Afar Liberation Front
When a modern administrative system was introduced in Ethiopia after the Second World War, the Afar areas controlled by Ethiopia were divided into the provinces of Eritrea, Tigray, Wollo, Shewa and Hararge. Tribal leaders, elders, and religious and other dignitaries of the Afar tried unsuccessfully in the government from 1961 to end this division. Following an unsuccessful rebellion led by the Afar Sultan, Alimirah Hanfare, the Afar Liberation Front was founded in 1975 to promote the interests of the Afar people. Sultan Hanfadhe was shortly afterward exiled to Saudi Arabia. Ethiopia's then-ruling communist Derg regime later established the Autonomous Region of Assab (now called Aseb and located in Eritrea), although low-level insurrection continued until the early 1990s. In Djibouti, a similar movement simmered throughout the 1980s, eventually culminating in the Afar Insurgency in 1991. After the fall of the Derg that same year, Sultan Hanfadhe returned from exile.
In March 1993, the Afar Revolutionary Democratic Front (ARDUF) was established. It constituted a coalition of three Afar organizations: the Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Union (ARDUU), founded in 1991 and led by Mohamooda Gaas (or Gaaz); the Afar Ummatah Demokrasiyyoh Focca (AUDF); and the Afar Revolutionary Forces (ARF). A political party, it aims to protect Afar interests. As of 2012, the ARDUF is part of the United Ethiopian Democratic Forces (UEDF) coalition opposition party.
Demographics
Geographical distribution
The Afar principally reside in the Danakil Desert in the Afar Region of Ethiopia, as well as in Eritrea and Djibouti. They number 2,276,867 people in Ethiopia (or 2.73% of the total population), of whom 105,551 are urban inhabitants, according to the most recent census (2007). The Afar make up over a third of the population of Djibouti, and are one of the nine recognized ethnic divisions (kililoch) of Ethiopia.
Language
Afars speak the Afar language as a mother tongue. It is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
The Afar language is spoken by ethnic Afars in the Afar Region of Ethiopia, as well as in southern Eritrea and northern Djibouti. However, since the Afar are traditionally nomadic herders, Afar speakers may be found further afield.
Together, with the Saho language, Afar constitutes the Saho–Afar dialect cluster.
Society
Religion
Afar people are predominantly Muslim. They have a long association with Islam through the various local Muslim polities and practice the Sunni sect of Islam. A majority of the Afar had adopted Islam by the 13th century due to the expanding influence of holy men and traders from the Arabian peninsula. The Afar mainly follow the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islam. Sufi orders like the Qadiriyya are also widespread among the Afar. Afar religious life is somewhat syncretic with a blend of Islamic concepts and pre-Islamic ones such as rain sacrifices on sacred locations, divination, and folk healing.
Culture
Socially, they are organized into clan families led by elders and two main classes: the asaimara ('reds') who are the dominant class politically, and the adoimara ('whites') who are a working class and are found in the Mabla Mountains. Clans can be fluid and even include outsiders like the (Issa clan).
In addition, the Afar are reputed for their martial prowess. Men traditionally carry the jile, a famous curved knife. They also have an extensive repertoire of battle songs.
The Afar are mainly livestock holders, primarily raising camels but also tending to goats, sheep, and cattle. However, shrinking pastures for their livestock and environmental degradation have made some Afar instead turn to cultivation, migrant labor, and trade. The Ethiopian Afar have traditionally engaged in salt trading but recently Tigrayans have taken much of this occupation.
See also
Afar Depression
Aussa Sultanate
Kwosso
Mudaito Dynasty
Notes
References
Mordechai Abir, The era of the princes: the challenge of Islam and the reunification of the Christian empire, 1769–1855 (London: Longmans, 1968).
J. Spencer Trimingham, Islam in Ethiopia (Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege for the University Press, 1952).
Further reading
External links
Omniglot - Afar language
Ethnologue – Afar – A Language of Ethiopia
Afroasiatic peoples
Cushitic-speaking peoples
Ethnic groups in Djibouti
Ethnic groups in Eritrea
Ethnic groups in Ethiopia
Ethnic groups in the Arab world
Pastoralists
Modern nomads
Muslim communities in Africa
African nomads
Indigenous peoples of East Africa | 0.782024 |
Bonnell is a CPU microarchitecture used by Intel Atom processors which can execute up to two instructions per cycle. Like many other x86 microprocessors, it translates x86 instructions (CISC instructions) into simpler internal operations (sometimes referred to as micro-ops, effectively RISC style instructions) prior to execution. The majority of instructions produce one micro-op when translated, with around 4% of instructions used in typical programs producing multiple micro-ops. The number of instructions that produce more than one micro-op is significantly fewer than the P6 and NetBurst microarchitectures. In the Bonnell microarchitecture, internal micro-ops can contain both a memory load and a memory store in connection with an ALU operation, thus being more similar to the x86 level and more powerful than the micro-ops used in previous designs. This enables relatively good performance with only two integer ALUs, and without any instruction reordering, speculative execution or register renaming. A side effect of having no speculative execution is invulnerability against Meltdown and Spectre.
The Bonnell microarchitecture therefore represents a partial revival of the principles used in earlier Intel designs such as P5 and the i486, with the sole purpose of enhancing the performance per watt ratio. However, Hyper-Threading is implemented in an easy (i.e. low-power) way to employ the whole pipeline efficiently by avoiding the typical single thread dependencies.
First generation cores
Silverthorne microprocessor
On 2 March 2008, Intel announced a new single-core Atom Z5xx series processor (code-named Silverthorne), to be used in ultra-mobile PCs and mobile Internet devices (MIDs), which will supersede Stealey (A100 and A110). The processor has 47 million transistors on a 25 mm2 die, allowing for extremely economical production at that time (~2500 chips on a single 300 mm diameter wafer).
An Atom Z500 processor's dual-thread performance is equivalent to its predecessor Stealey, but should outperform it on applications that can use simultaneous multithreading and SSE3. They run from 0.8 to 2.0 GHz and have a TDP rating between 0.65 and 2.4 W that can dip down to 0.01 W when idle. They feature 32 KB instruction L1 and 24 KB data L1 caches, 512 KB L2 cache and a 533 MT/s front-side bus. The processors are manufactured in 45 nm process. Poulsbo was used as System Controller Hub and the platform was called Menlow.
Diamondville microprocessor
On 2 March 2008, Intel announced lower-power variants of the Diamondville CPU named Atom N2xx. It was intended for use in nettops and the Classmate PC. Like their predecessors, these are single-core CPUs with Hyper-Threading.
The N270 has a TDP rating of 2.5 W, runs at 1.6 GHz and has a 533 MHz FSB. The N280 has a clock speed of 1.66 GHz and a 667 MHz FSB.
On 22 September 2008, Intel announced a new 64-bit dual-core processor (unofficially code-named Dual Diamondville) branded Atom 330, to be used in desktop computers. It runs at 1.6 GHz and has an FSB speed of 533 MHz and a TDP rating of 8 W. Its dual core consists of two Diamondville dies on a single substrate.
During 2009, Nvidia used the Atom 300 and their GeForce 9400M chipset on a mini-ITX form factor motherboard for their Ion platform.
First generation power requirements
Although the Atom processor itself is relatively low-power for an x86 microprocessor, many chipsets commonly used with it dissipate significantly more power. For example, while the Atom N270 commonly used in netbooks through mid-2010 has a TDP rating of 2.5 W, an Intel Atom platform that uses the 945GSE Express chipset has a specified maximum TDP of 11.8 W, with the processor responsible for a relatively small portion of the total power dissipated. Individual figures are 2.5 W for the N270 processor, 6 W for the 945GSE chipset and 3.3 W for the 82801GBM I/O controller. Intel also provides a US15W System Controller Hub-based chipset with a combined TDP of less than 5 W together with the Atom Z5xx (Silverthorne) series processors, to be used in ultra-mobile PCs and MIDs, though some manufacturers have released ultra-thin systems running these processors (e.g. Sony VAIO X).
Initially, all Atom motherboards on the consumer market featured the Intel 945GC chipset, which uses 22 watts by itself. As of early 2009, only a few manufacturers are offering lower-power motherboards with a 945GSE or US15W chipset and an Atom N270, N280 or Z5xx series CPU.
Second generation cores
Pineview microprocessor
On 21 December 2009, Intel announced the N450, D510 and D410 CPUs with integrated graphics. The new manufacturing process resulted in a 20% reduction in power consumption and a 60% smaller die size. The Intel GMA 3150, a 45 nm shrink of the GMA 3100 with no HD capabilities, is included as the on-die GPU. Netbooks using this new processor were released on 11 January 2010. The major new feature is longer battery life (10 or more hours for 6-cell systems).
This generation of the Atom was codenamed Pineview, which is used in the Pine Trail platform. Intel's Pine Trail-M platform utilizes an Atom processor (codenamed Pineview-M) and Platform Controller Hub (codenamed Tiger Point). The graphics and memory controller have moved into the processor, which is paired with the Tiger Point PCH. This creates a more power-efficient 2-chip platform rather than the 3-chip one used with previous-generation Atom chipsets.
On 1 March 2010, Intel introduced the N470 processor, running at 1.83 GHz with a 667 MHz FSB and a TDP rating of 6.5 W.
The new Atom N4xx chips became available on 11 January 2010. It is used in netbook and nettop systems and includes an integrated single-channel DDR2 memory controller and an integrated graphics core. It also features Hyper-Threading and is manufactured on a 45 nm process. The new design uses half the power of the older Menlow platform. This reduced overall power consumption and size makes the platform more desirable for use in smartphones and other mobile internet devices.
The D4xx and D5xx series support the x86-64 bit instruction set and DDR2-800 memory. They are rated for embedded use. The series has an integrated graphics processor built directly into the CPU to help improve performance. The models are targeted at nettops and low-end desktops. They do not support SpeedStep.
The Atom D510 dual-core processor runs at 1.66 GHz, with 1 MB of L2 cache and a TDP rating of 13 W. The single-core Atom D410 runs at 1.66 GHz, with 512 KB of L2 cache and a TDP rating of 10 W.
Tunnel Creek microprocessor
Tunnel Creek is an embedded Atom processor used in the Queens Bay platform with the Topcliff PCH.
Lincroft microprocessor
The Lincroft (Z6xx) with the Whitney Point PCH is included in the Oak Trail tablet platform. Oak Trail is an Intel Atom platform based on Moorestown. Both platforms include a Lincroft microprocessor, but use two distinct input/output Platform Controller Hubs (I/O-PCH), codenamed Langwell and Whitney Point respectively. Oak Trail was presented on 11 April 2011 and was to be released in May 2011. The Z670 processor, part of the Oak Trail platform, delivers improved video playback, faster Internet browsing and longer battery life, "without sacrificing performance" according to Intel. Oak Trail includes support for 1080p video decoding as well as HDMI. The platform also has improved power efficiency and allows applications to run on various operating systems, including Android, MeeGo and Windows.
Stellarton microprocessor
Stellarton is a Tunnel Creek CPU with an Altera Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
Sodaville SoC
Sodaville is a consumer electronics Atom SoC.
Groveland SoC
Groveland is a consumer electronics Atom SoC.
Third generation cores
The 32 nm shrink of Bonnell is called Saltwell.
Cedarview microprocessor
Intel released their third-generation Cedar Trail platform (consisting of a range of Cedarview processors and the NM10 southbridge chip) based on 32 nm process technology in the fourth quarter of 2011. Intel stated that improvements in graphics capabilities, including support for 1080p video, additional display options including HDMI and DisplayPort, and enhancements in power consumption are to enable fanless designs with longer battery life.
The Cedar Trail platform includes two new CPUs, 32 nm-based N2800 (1.86 GHz) and N2600 (1.6 GHz), which replace the previous generation Pineview N4xx and N5xx processors. The CPUs also feature an integrated GPU that supports DirectX 9.
In addition to the netbook platform, two new Cedarview CPUs for nettops, D2500 and D2700, were released on 25 September 2011.
In early March 2012, the N2800-based Intel DN2800MT motherboard started to become available. Due to the use of a netbook processor, this Mini-ITX motherboard can reach idle power consumption as low as 7.1 W.
Penwell SoC
Penwell is an Atom SoC that is part of the Medfield MID/Smartphone platform.
Berryville SoC
Berryville is a consumer electronics Atom SoC.
Cloverview SoC
Cloverview is an Atom SoC that is part of the Clover Trail tablet platform.
Centerton SoC
In December 2012, Intel launched the 64-bit Centerton family of Atom CPUs, designed specifically for use in Bordenville platform servers. Based on the 32 nm Saltwell architecture, Centerton adds features previously unavailable in most Atom processors, such as Intel VT virtualization technology, and support for ECC memory.
Briarwood SoC
Briarwood is an Atom SoC that is designed for a server platform.
Roadmap
See also
List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
List of Intel Atom microprocessors
Atom (system on chip)
Tick-Tock model
References
Notes
External links
Intel - Intel Atom Processor Overview
Intel Atom Processor
Intel - Intel Atom Processor Family
Intel microarchitectures
X86 microarchitectures | 0.1519 |
Antiguraleus makaraensis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.
A.G. Beu (2009) adopted Probebela for all the southern hemisphere taxa previously referred to Antiguraleus.
Description
The length of the shell attains 7 mm, its diameter 3 mm.
Distribution
This extinct marine species occurred in the North Island, New Zealand.
References
Vella, Paul. "Tertiary Mollusca from south-east Wairarapa." Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand. Vol. 81. No. 4. 1954.
Maxwell, P.A. (2009). Cenozoic Mollusca. pp. 232–254 in Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch.
External links
Collections of TePapa Museum: Antiguraleus makaraensis
makaraensis
Gastropods described in 1954 | 0.953398 |
Hans Fidesser (12 March 1899 – 22 January 1982) was an Austrian singer and film actor.
Selected filmography
The Flower of Hawaii (1933)
Everything for Gloria (1941)
The Wedding Hotel (1944)
In the Temple of Venus (1948)
Father Is Being Stupid (1953)
References
Bibliography
Goble, Alan. The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.
External links
1899 births
1982 deaths
Austrian male film actors
20th-century Austrian male singers
Male actors from Vienna
Singers from Vienna | 0.61451 |
Pleurocope is a genus of crustaceans belonging to the monotypic family Pleurocopidae.
The species of this genus are found in Central America.
Species:
Pleurocope dasyura
Pleurocope floridensis
Pleurocope iriomotensis
Pleurocope wilsoni
References
Crustaceans | 0.507608 |
This is a list of Lutheran churches that are notable either as congregations or as buildings.
Canada
First Lutheran Church (Vancouver)
Redeemer Lutheran Church (Victoria, British Columbia)
Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church (Toronto)
Emmanuel Lutheran Church (R M Lumsden, Saskatchewan)
China
Former Lutheran churches in China
Holy Cross Church, Chongqing
Lutheran Church, Dalian
German Lutheran Church, Harbin
Denmark
Aarhus Cathedral
Frederik's Church, Copenhagen
Church of the Holy Ghost, Copenhagen
Church of Our Lady, Copenhagen
Church of Our Saviour, Copenhagen
Garrison Church, Copenhagen
Grundtvig's Church, Copenhagen
St. Paul's Church, Copenhagen
St. Canute's Cathedral, Odense
Maribo Cathedral
Ribe Cathedral
Roskilde Cathedral
Viborg Cathedral
Estonia
Charles's Church, Tallinn
Church of the Holy Spirit, Tallinn
St. John's Church, Tartu
St. Michael's Church, Tallinn
St. Nicholas Church, Tallinn
St. Olaf's Church, Tallinn
Valjala Church, oldest church in Estonia
Finland
Helsinki Cathedral
Espoo Cathedral
Joensuu Church
Kallio Church, Helsinki
Kerimäki Church
Kuopio Cathedral
Lapua Cathedral
Mikkeli Cathedral
Oulu Cathedral
Porvoo Cathedral
Suomenlinna Church, Helsinki (originally an Eastern Orthodox church, converted to a Lutheran church in 1918)
Tampere Cathedral
Temppeliaukio Church, Helsinki
Turku Cathedral
France
Saint Nicholas Church, Strasbourg
Saint William's Church, Strasbourg
St. Paul's Church (Strasbourg)
Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Protestant Church
Temple Neuf
Germany
St. Anne's Church, Annaberg-Buchholz
Bach Church, Arnstadt
St. Anne's Church, Augsburg
St. Lambert's Church, Bergen
Capernaum Church
Gethsemane Church
St. Mary's Church, Berlin
St. Nicholas' Church, Berlin
St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Detwang
Anne's Church, Dresden
Frauenkirche, Dresden
Kreuzkirche, Dresden
Sophienkirche, Dresden
Zionskirche, Dresden
St Andrew's Church, Erfurt
St Michael's Church, Erfurt
Kaufmannskirche, Erfurt
Reglerkirche, Erfurt
St. Catherine's Church, Frankfurt
St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt am Main
Gandersheim Abbey
St. Martin's Church, Groß Ellershausen
Gustav Adolf Stave Church
St. Catherine's Church, Hamburg
St. James' Church, Hamburg
St. Mary's Church, Fuhlsbüttel, Hamburg
St. Matthew's Church, Hamburg
St. Nicholas' Church, Hamburg
St. Peter's Church, Hamburg
Neustädter Kirche, Hannover
St. Kilian's Church, Heilbronn
St. Andrew's Church, Hildesheim
Zum Friedefürsten Church
Limbach Municipal Church
St. Catherine's Church, Lübeck
St. Mary's Church, Lübeck
St. John's Church, Lüneburg
St. Mary's Church, Marienberg
Mariental Abbey
Merseburg Cathedral
Divi Blasii, Mühlhausen
St. Mary's Church, Mühlhausen
St. Luke's Church, Munich
St. Lorenz, Nuremberg
St. Sebaldus Church, Nuremberg
St. Mary's Church, Reutlingen
St. Mary's Church, Rostock
St. Peter's Church, Rostock
St. James's Church, Rothenburg ob der Tauber
Schelf Church
St. Wolfgang's Church, Schneeberg
Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian, Stade
St. Mary's Church, Stralsund
Church of St. Fabian and St. Sebastian, Sülze
St. Bartholomew's Church, Themar
St. George's Collegiate Church, Tübingen
Ulm Minster
Warnemünde Church
All Saints' Church, Wittenberg
Stadtkirche Wittenberg
Zion's Church, Worpswede
Iceland
Akureyrarkirkja
Hallgrímskirkja, Reykjavik
Israel
Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem
Latvia
Riga Cathedral
Holy Trinity Cathedral, Liepāja
Martin Luther Cathedral, Daugavpils
St. Anna Evangelical Lutheran Church, Kuldīga
Norway
Arctic Cathedral, Tromsø
Heddal Stave Church
Nidaros Cathedral, Trondheim
Tromsø Cathedral
Poland
Vang Stave Church, built around 1200, moved from Norway in 1842
Holy Trinity Church, Warsaw
St. Matthew's Church, Łódź
Lutheran Church in Lublin
Church of Peace in Świdnica
Church of Peace in Jawor
Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Pabianice
Russia
The Lutheran Church of the Holy Catherine, Omsk
Lutheran Church of Saint Michael, Saint Petersburg
South Georgia
Sweden
Gothenburg Cathedral
Carl Johan Church, Gothenburg
Haga Church, Gothenburg
Masthugg Church, Gothenburg
Oscar Fredrik Church, Gothenburg
Vasa Church, Gothenburg
Kalmar Cathedral
Karesuando Church
Karlstad Cathedral
Kiruna Church
Linköping Cathedral
Luleå Cathedral
Lund Cathedral
Adolf Fredrik Church, Stockholm
Gustaf Vasa Church, Stockholm
Hedvig Eleonora Church, Stockholm
Katarina Church, Stockholm
Klara Church, Stockholm
Maria Magdalena Church, Stockholm
Oscar's Church, Stockholm
Storkyrkan, Stockholm
Strängnäs Cathedral
Uppsala Cathedral
Västerås Cathedral
Växjö Cathedral
Visby Cathedral
United Kingdom
St Anne and St Agnes, London
St George's German Lutheran Church, London
Savoy Chapel, London
Nordic churches in London, London
German Protestant Church, Greenheys, now Stephen Joseph Studio
United States
There are numerous Lutheran church buildings in the U.S. that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places or that are otherwise notable. Those whose coordinates appear below may be seen in map by clicking on "Map all coordinates using OSM" at right.
References
Lists of churches
Churches | 0.982427 |
Marra may refer to:
Marra (folklore)
Marra people of Australia
Marra language
Marra (surname) (including a list of persons with the name)
Marrah Mountains in Sudan
Marra Farm in Washington, US
Marra, Goa, a village in Bardez, India
See also
Mara (disambiguation)
Marrah (disambiguation)
Language and nationality disambiguation pages | 0.969068 |
Vahagn (or Vahakn) (Armenian: ) is a common Armenian male given name, referring to ancient Armenian god of war and courage Vahagn – the Armenian counterpart of the Zoroastrian god of victory Verethragna, whose name in Avestan means "smiting of resistance". See Վահագն for more on the origin of the name.
People with the name
Vahagn
Vahagn Davtyan (1922–1996), Armenian poet, translator, publicist and activist
Vahagn Hayrapetyan (born 1968), Armenian jazz musician
Vahagn Khachatryan (born 1959), Armenian politician
Vahagn Militosyan (born 1993), Armenian footballer
Vahagn Minasyan (born 1985), Armenian footballer
Vahagn (King of Armenia)
Vahakn
Vahakn Dadrian (born 1926), Armenian-American sociologist and historian
Vahakn Medzadourian (born 1978), Armenian-American entrepreneur and investor
Armenian masculine given names
Masculine given names | 0.986286 |
Courvoisier may refer to:
Courvoisier, a brand of cognac
Courvoisier (surname)
Courvoisier's law (or Courvoisier syndrome, or Courvoisier's sign), a medical diagnostic named after him
Courvoisier v. Raymond, a case decided by the Colorado Supreme Court
Courvoisier, a historic manufacturer of complicated clocks and watches, controlled by Gallet & Co. during the 19th and early 20th century | 0.755638 |
The Ferrari 641 (also known as the Ferrari F1-90) was the Formula One racing car with which the Ferrari team competed in the 1990 Formula One World Championship. Driven by Alain Prost and Nigel Mansell, it won six Grands Prix.
Development
The 641 was a developed version of its predecessor, the 1989 Ferrari 640, designed by John Barnard. The updated 641 design was overseen by former McLaren designer Steve Nichols after Barnard left Ferrari to join the Benetton team, once the car's development was complete. The car was powered by a 3.5-litre V12 engine, first with the type 036, and later in San Marino with the updated 037. The V12 was rated at , only slightly down on the Honda V10 engines used by McLaren, but not as flexible or as good at delivering power out of slow corners as the Honda, the Renault V10 engine used by Williams or the Ford-Cosworth HB V8 used by Benetton. Despite its heavier engine, the 641 was among the best handling cars on the grid. Prost declared it the best car of the year.
The Ferrari 641 was also the first Formula One car to use an effective traction control system, which debuted at the 1990 Portuguese Grand Prix in Estoril; less than two years before a traction control system debuted on the eventually highly successful Williams FW14B. Ferrari technicians sat down on the Tuesday after the Italian GP on September 11, and developed a rudimentary traction control system, which debuted in Portugal less than two weeks later. The system was relatively simple and straightforward; using just some software and a wheel speed sensor.
Incorporating the semi-automatic gearbox developed during the previous season, the car was seen to be technically advanced. The aerodynamics were reworked and the chassis gave a slightly longer wheelbase than its predecessor. Nichols designed the car with Alain Prost’s smooth driving style in mind. Prost worked hard on improving the reliability of the gearbox and also worked behind the scenes to bring the whole Ferrari team closer together. A variable inlet trumpet system on the engine was tested throughout the season but did not become standard equipment.
Racing history
Ferrari's major coup was signing reigning World Champion Prost from McLaren to partner Nigel Mansell. The car scored six wins in the 1990 season (Prost five, Mansell one).
Prost's development work helped the 641 chassis to be extremely fast and competitive, and he scored five wins, including a remarkable victory from 13th place on the grid in Mexico, and challenged his nemesis Ayrton Senna for the championship. In the same race, Mansell outfoxed Gerhard Berger with a daring passing move at the fearsome Peraltada corner. Although the car occasionally struggled in qualifying, it appeared to have the edge on the McLarens in race trim, particularly at high-speed circuits. At the British Grand Prix, Mansell dominated qualifying while Prost struggled. Feeling that Mansell's car was superior to his own, he convinced the team to switch the chassis before the race, which he won while Mansell retired with gearbox failure while leading and setting fastest lap of the race promptly announced his quitting the sport. However, the famous collision between Prost and Senna at the Japanese Grand Prix sealed the Drivers' Championship for Senna and the Constructors' Championship for McLaren. Prost finished runner-up in the championship and Mansell finished 5th and scored 1 win, including excellent performance in his last race for Ferrari at Adelaide, where he finished 2nd and almost won that race from Nelson Piquet and his Benetton-Ford. It would be another seven years before Ferrari would challenge for either championship again.
Aftermath
Top Gear
Tiff Needell drove the 641 on Top Gear in 1995 in a segment where his co-host Jeremy Clarkson tested a Ferrari F50 and did a drag race against Needell in the 641 and some comparisons as well because the F50 road car is based on the 641.
In popular culture
The Ferrari 641 was featured in Codemasters' F1 2019 as a DLC for the "Legends Edition", the 2011 video game Test Drive: Ferrari Racing Legends, and Forza Motorsport 7.
Complete results
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)
Chassis log
The current locations of the 641 chassis are:
115 - Museum of Modern Art (USA)
116 - destroyed in testing
117 - Museo Ferrari (Italy)
118 - Private collection (Germany)
119 - Private collection (Switzerland)
120 - Private collection (Germany)
121 - Private collection (UK)
References
Other sources
AUTOCOURSE 1990-91 by Alan Henry
AUTOCOURSE 1991-92 by Alan Henry
641 | 0.886886 |
Lorraine Sylvia Heggessey (born 16 November 1956) is a British television producer and executive. From 2000 until 2005, she was the first woman to be Controller of BBC One, the primary television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation. She has also served as the Chief Executive of the production company Talkback Thames. Until October 2019 Heggessey was the Chief Executive of The Royal Foundation.
Early life, education and career
Heggessey was educated at Vyners Grammar School in Ickenham, Hillingdon and later earned an Upper Second Class BA Honours degree in English Language & Literature from Durham University (Collingwood College), before beginning her career in local newspaper journalism. She worked initially for the Westminster Press Group, where her first job was as a trainee reporter on the Acton Gazette local newspaper.
In 1978 she applied for a BBC News traineeship, but was rejected without an interview. She then worked voluntarily in hospital radio and gained a paid job on a local newspaper, before re-applying for the BBC traineeship the following year, this time successfully. She spent the next fifteen years working in current affairs programming in television.
Career
Current affairs
By the early 1980s she had become a producer on the BBC's flagship current affairs series Panorama, before she left the staff of the BBC to join Thames Television's This Week, broadcast on the rival ITV network. She then moved on again, this time to the small independent production company Clark Productions, for whom she worked on Channel 4's current affairs programme Hard News. In the early 1990s, she and the film director Ken Loach collaborated on an edition of Hard News which investigated the treatment of trade unionist leader Arthur Scargill by The Daily Mirror newspaper and investigative journalist Roger Cook.
When Cook declined to be interviewed for the programme, Heggessey, along with Ken Capstick, Vice President of the Yorkshire NUM, employed one of his own tactics from his television series The Cook Report, "doorstepping" him outside the Birmingham hotel in which he was staying and pursuing him, with a camera crew and asking questions, down the street as he walked away.
She also worked on another Channel 4 documentary series, Dispatches, before returning to the BBC, where she founded the viewer feedback series Biteback. She also secured another notable television moment when she obtained the first interview with the notorious criminal "Mad" Frankie Fraser, for The Underworld documentary series. Working in the science department, she became Editor of the BBC One series QED, and then executive producer of the documentary series Animal Hospital and The Human Body.
Children's BBC
Heggessey was considering leaving the BBC again and returning to working in the independent sector, when she was offered the position of Head of Children's BBC. As her daughters were at the time aged four and eight, she decided to accept the role, later explaining that "Short of taking over Hamleys, this was the next best job for them." She took up this post in 1997.
It was as Head of Children's BBC that she became involved in the dismissal of Blue Peter presenter Richard Bacon. In October 1998, the News of the World newspaper revealed that Bacon had taken cocaine, and he was subsequently sacked from his job as a presenter on the high-profile children's programme. Heggessey appeared on-screen in a specially-recorded one-minute address to viewers shown directly before the first episode of Blue Peter to be screened following Bacon's sacking, on 19 October 1998, to explain to young viewers why Bacon had been dismissed, stating that he had "not only let himself and the team on Blue Peter down, but he has also let all of you down badly."
BBC One
In 1999 she was promoted to Director of Programmes and Deputy Chief Executive of the BBC's in-house production arm, BBC Production, responsible for supervising in-house output across all the various genres. She was in this role for little over a year however before she was promoted to Controller of BBC One, a post she took up on 1 November 2000. In this position she was responsible for co-commissioning the channel's output with the various heads of department — drama, news, etc. — and deciding the channel's overall strategy and schedule. She had previously been sounded out about the job in 1997, after Michael Jackson's departure, but had turned down the opportunity as she felt she was then not yet experienced enough.
During Heggessey's five years in charge, BBC One's audience share fell by 19.9%, to 23%, although this was in the context of declining audience figures across all British television channels due to increased competition from multichannel digital television. However, in 2001 BBC One overtook its main rival ITV1 in terms of annual audience share for the first time since the rival channel had launched in 1955, although much of this was down to the success of the channel's daytime television line-up, which had its own Controller in Jane Lush.
When Heggessey arrived at the channel in November 2000, she inherited two controversial schedule changes which had been implemented the previous month, at the behest of Director-General of the BBC Greg Dyke; the main evening BBC News bulletin had been moved from 9pm to 10pm, and Panorama moved from a Monday night prime time slot to a later slot on Sunday nights. The moving of Panorama attracted criticism that BBC One was sidelining serious programming in favour of more populist output. Heggessey publicly defended the decision despite it not being hers, claiming that Panorama'''s ratings would have "dwindled" in its previous slot.
Heggessey and the BBC's Controller of Drama Commissioning, Jane Tranter, took advantage of the weekday 9pm slot opened up by the moving of the news to commission new popular drama output, such as the successful Waking the Dead (2000–2011) and Spooks (2002–2011). Celebrity dancing show Strictly Come Dancing (2004–present) was also a popular success on Saturday nights and continues to be.
Heggessey did later concede in a 2005 interview with The Independent newspaper that arts programming had suffered a cutback under her control of BBC One. However, she did respond to this omission following criticism from the Board of Governors of the BBC by commissioning programmes such as the arts documentary series Imagine... (2003–present) and A Picture of Britain (2005).
During her early days at BBC One, Heggessy criticized the "Balloon" idents the channel had been using for its between-programme idents since 1997 for being "slow and distant" and so, in 2002, after much speculation, she took the decision to abandon the "Balloon" idents (and the traditional "Globe" idents the channel had used in a variety of forms since 1963). They were replaced by a new style of on-air identity for the channel, the "Rhythm & Movement" idents. The new idents attracted some criticism for going against the traditions of the channel and pandering to political correctness, as they featured activities performed by people of various ethnicities.
One of Heggessey's most notable decisions and last major success at the channel was the re-commissioning of the science-fiction drama series Doctor Who, which had been a popular hit in previous decades but ceased production in 1989. Heggessey and Jane Tranter commissioned a new version of the series in September 2003, after Heggessey had spent two years persuading the BBC's commercial arm, BBC Worldwide, to abandon their attempts to make a feature film version of the programme and allow it instead to return to BBC One. The new version of Doctor Who (2005–present) debuted on 26 March 2005 and became a critical and popular hit, with Paul Hoggart of The Times newspaper describing the series as "a joyful, exuberant reinvention and a fine legacy from Ms Heggessey."
On 14 February 2005 it was announced that Lorraine Heggessey was to leave the BBC to take up the post of Chief Executive at production company Talkback Thames. She left on 15 April. Five months after her departure, BBC One was named "Channel of the Year" at the Edinburgh Television Festival, primarily on the strength of Heggessey commissions such as Strictly Come Dancing and Doctor Who.
Talkback Thames
At Talkback Thames, Heggessey was responsible for overseeing the production of high-profile programmes such as ITV1's The Bill and The X Factor, BBC One's QI and Channel 4's Green Wing. She was also responsible for delivering to BBC One in early 2006 two Stephen Poliakoff dramas that she herself had commissioned before she left the channel, Friends and Crocodiles and Gideon's Daughter'', the latter of which went on to win two Golden Globe Awards (Mini-series, Best Actor for Bill Nighy and Mini-series, Best Supporting Actress for Emily Blunt) in 2007.
In June 2010 it was announced that she was leaving her post of Chief Executive with Talkback Thames.
Boom Pictures
Heggessey returned to the television industry in July 2012, when she became co-owner and Executive Chairman of the new Cardiff-based independent production company Boom Pictures.
In June 2014 Heggessey left the company, the success created by her led to its subsequent acquisition by ITV Studios.
The Royal Foundation
In April 2017, Heggessey was appointed Chief Executive of The Royal Foundation, the primary philanthropic and charitable vehicle for The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and The Duke and Duchess of Sussex. She left the position on 1 October 2019.
Personal life
Heggessy is married to Ron de Jong, a musician and composer, and they have two daughters.
References
External links
official website: https://lorraineheggessey.com/
1956 births
Living people
Alumni of Collingwood College, Durham
BBC executives
BBC One controllers
British chief executives
British women business executives
People from Hillingdon | 0.972946 |
John de Seton of Parbroath (died 1327) was a Scottish noble.
Life
Seton is said to be the fourth son of Alexander de Seton and Christian le Cheyne. His father bestowed on him Elizabeth Ramsay, the heiress of Parbroath, after Alexander was appointed as her guardian.
Marriage and issue
John, married Elizabeth Ramsay and they are known to have the following issue:
Alexander Seton
Citations
References
Year of birth unknown
1327 deaths
14th-century Scottish people | 0.320638 |
Pobieda () is a village of 509 people (654 in 2001) in the Shchastia Raion of Luhansk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. The village occupies the area of 2 square kilometers and is situated at 162 meters above sea level. The neighboring settlement of Chystopillya (89 inhabitants) is also subordinated to the Pobieda village council.
The village name "Pobieda" means "victory" and there are several more minor villages in Ukraine with this name.
According to 2001 all Ukraine census, Ukrainian language is native to 82.7% of village residents. Russian is native for 13.76% of Pobieda residents.
Postal code – 3523
Telephone code – +380 6445
War in Donbas
On 3 September 2014, pro-Russian insurgents shelled the village of Pobieda, using BM-30 "Smerch" multiple rocket launchers. It was reported by some Ukrainian sources that the village was completely destroyed. Due to shelling blast wave there was damage to some civil buildings (broken windows and roofs). There were not fixed any dead of civil population.
An OSCE Special Monitoring Mission visited Pobieda and spoke to the mayor who said that at least ten rockets had struck the village. The OSCE mission saw several unexploded rockets as well as shell holes.
References
Links
Бойовики "Смерчем" зрівняли із землею селище Побєда і базу батальйону "Воля", — бійці (Ukrainian)
Destroyed towns
Villages in Shchastia Raion | 0.930103 |
Dermophis costaricense is a species of caecilian in the family Dermophiidae. It is endemic to Costa Rica and is found on the Atlantic versant of Cordillera de Tilarán, Cordillera Central, and Cordillera de Talamanca. Its taxonomic status is in need of a review.
Description
Dermophis costaricense is a moderate-sized species: total length is . It is characterized by high numbers of both primary (107–117) and secondary annuli (74–96). The annuli are not darkly demarcated ventrally, as seen in Dermophis mexicanus, which is also a larger species. D. costaricense appears to be closely related with Dermophis gracilior from the Pacific versant of Costa Rica, and it is possible that these two species turn out to be the same species. However, as presently known, their ranges do not overlap and they can be distinguished based on the total number of annuli (higher in D. costaricense).
Habitat and conservation
Dermophis costaricense occurs in premontane rainforests at elevations of above sea level. It is a subterranean species that is often found under logs or in surface debris. It is viviparous. Because of its subterranean lifestyle, D. costaricense is a rarely seen species. Deforestation might be a threat but to what extent is unknown. It is present in the Braulio Carrillo and Tapantí National Parks.
References
costaricense
Amphibians of Costa Rica
Endemic fauna of Costa Rica
Taxa named by Edward Harrison Taylor
Amphibians described in 1955
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot | 0.95834 |
The Russification of Belarus (; ) is a policy of replacing the use of the Belarusian language and the presence of Belarusian culture and mentality in various spheres of public life in Belarus by the corresponding Russian analogs. Russification is one of the major reasons of low rate of adoption of the Belarusian language by Belarusians.
In Belarus, Russification was carried out by the authorities of the Russian Empire and, later, by the authorities of the Soviet Union. Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko has renewed the policy since coming to power in 1994, although with signs of a "soft Belarusization" () after 2014.
Components of Russification
The Russification of Belarus comprises several components:
Russification of education
Domination of the Russian language within education in Belarus
Repressions of Belarusian elites standing on the positions of national independence and building a Belarusian state on the basis of Belarusian national attributes
Soviet repressions in Belarus
Codification of the Belarusian language to bring it closer to Russian
Narkamaŭka
Declaring Russian as the second official language, creating conditions for crowding out the Belarusian language
Destruction or modification of national architecture
List of architectural monuments of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, destroyed by the authorities of the Russian Empire
List of historical and architectural monuments of Belarus, destroyed by Soviet authorities
List of historical and architectural monuments of Belarus, destroyed by the Moscow Patriarchate
Renaming of settlements, streets and other geographical objects in honor of Russian figures or according to Russian tradition
The dominance of Russian television and Russian products in the media space of Belarus
Lack of conditions for the use of the Belarusian language in business and documents workflow
Religious suppression and forced conversion
Synod of Polotsk
Russification in Belarus under Lukashenko
Education
In Minsk city for the 1994-1995 academic year, 58% of students in the first classes of elementary school were taught in the Belarusian language. After the beginning of Lukashenko's presidency in 1994, the number of these classes decreased. In 1999, only 5.3% of students in the first classes of elementary school were taught in the Belarusian language in Minsk.
In the academic year 2016-2017 near 128,000 students were taught in Belarusian language (13.3% of total). The vast majority of Belarusian-language schools located in rural areas that are gradually closed through the exodus of its population to the cities. Each year, there is a closure of about 100 small schools in Belarus, most of which use Belarusian language in teaching. There is a trend of transfer the students of these schools to Russian-language schools. Thus, there is a loss of students studying in Belarusian.
As for the cities, there are only seven Belarusian-language schools, six of which are in Minsk (in 2019). In other words, the capital city, regional and district centers of the Republic of Belarus has seven Belarusian-language schools in total:
Gymnasium № 4 (Kuntsaushchyna street, 18 – Minsk, Frunzyenski District)
Gymnasium № 9 (Siadykh street, 10 – Minsk, Pyershamayski District)
Gymnasium № 14 (Vasnyatsova street, 10 – Minsk, Zavodski District)
Gymnasium № 23 (Nezalezhnastsi Avenue, 45 – Minsk, Savyetski District)
Gymnasium № 28 (Rakasouski Avenue, 93 – Minsk, Leninsky District)
Secondary school № 60 (Karl Libkneht street, 82 – Minsk, Maskowski District)
Secondary school № 4 (Savetskaya street, 78 – Ivanava city)
See also
Russification
Belarusian national revival
Belarusian nationalism
Trasianka
Polonization
References
External links
Ніна Баршчэўская. Русыфікацыя беларускае мовы ў асьвятленьні газэты «Беларус» // kamunikat.org
Павел Добровольский. Замки, храмы и ратуши. Кто, когда и зачем уничтожил исторический облик крупных городов Беларуси // TUT.BY
Further reading
Russification
Social history of Belarus
Anti-Belarusian sentiment
Belarus–Russia relations | 0.921729 |
Joseph Bertrand (born March 23, 1991) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Dresden Titans. He played college basketball for the University of Illinois.
High school career
Bertrand played for Sterling High School, and was coached by Peter Goff. In high school, Bertrand was a two-time Illinois High School Association (IHSA) Slam Dunk Champion. Bertrand was named a member of the 2009 Illinois All-State Team as selected by the Illinois Basketball Coaches Association.
Collegiate career
Entering the University of Illinois during the 2009–10 season, Bertrand suffered a tear in his right Lateral meniscus during individual, preseason workouts. The injury, which required surgery, forced Bertrand to take a Medical redshirt as a true freshman. During his redshirt freshman season, Bertrand saw limited time off the bench as the 2010–11 Fighting Illini featured a starting line-up of four seniors and a regular rotation of a former Illinois Mr. Basketball winner and a former McDonald's All-American in Brandon Paul and Jereme Richmond, respectively. In total, Bertrand saw action in 15 games during the 2010–11 season.
College statistics
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2009–10
| style="text-align:left;"| Illinois
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="11"|Did not play due to Medical redshirt
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2010–11
| style="text-align:left;"| Illinois
| 13 || 0 || 3.8 || .538 || .000 || .750 || 0.5 || 0.3 || 0.08 || 0.15 || 1.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2011–12
| style="text-align:left;"| Illinois
| 32 || 14 || 20.2 || .538 || .300 || .733 || 2.7 || 1.3 || 0.34 ||0.16 || 6.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2012–13
| style="text-align:left;"| Illinois
| 35 || 5 || 22.7|| .502 || .321 || .773 || 4.1 || 0.6 || 0.91 || 0.17|| 7.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2013–14
| style="text-align:left;"| Illinois
| 35 || 23 || 25.1 || .481 || .385 || .680 || 3.8 || 0.8 || 0.66 || 0.00 || 8.5
|-
Professional career
After going undrafted in the 2014 NBA draft, and talking to teams in both Austria and China, Bertrand joined Larochette in Luxembourg. On November 1, 2014 Bertrand was selected by the Westchester Knicks as their first pick in the 2014 NBA Development League Draft. Bertrand was then waived by the Westchester Knicks at the end of training camp on November 13, 2014. Bertrand later signed with Nauticos de Mazatlan of the CIBACOPA league in Mexico. On November 12, 2015, Bertrand signed with the Halifax Hurricanes of the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL). On March 6, 2016, he was waived by Halifax, however, he signed with the Island Storm nine days later.
References
External links
Profile at FIBA.com
Profile at Latinbasket.com
Profile at FightingIllini.com
1991 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Canada
American expatriate basketball people in Luxembourg
American expatriate basketball people in Mexico
Basketball players from Illinois
Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball players
Island Storm players
Venados de Mazatlán (basketball) players
People from Sterling, Illinois
Shooting guards
American men's basketball players | 0.533632 |
Raminho is a parish in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo on the island of Terceira in the Azores. The population in 2011 was 565, in an area of 11.07 km². It consists of the localities Cabo do Raminho and Raminho.
References
External links
http://www.acores.com/raminho
Freguesias of Angra do Heroísmo | 0.534995 |
Comitas silicicola is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pseudomelatomidae.
Description
Distribution
This extinct marine species was found in late Eocene strata in the Pallinup Formation, Eucla Basin, Western Australia
References
External links
Darragh, T. A. (2017). Further Mollusca from the late Eocene Pallinup Formation, Eucla Basin, Western Australia. Records of the West Australian Museum 32: 29-100
silicicola
Gastropods described in 2017
Gastropods of Australia | 0.710529 |
Jeffrey Ali Knox Jr. (born February 22, 1992) is a professional Canadian football linebacker who is a free agent. He made his professional debut in 2015 with the Saskatchewan Roughriders after going undrafted in the 2014 NFL Draft. He has also been a member of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Washington Redskins, Tennessee Titans, Ottawa Redblacks, and Toronto Argonauts.
Professional career
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Knox signed with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL) on May 8, 2015. Knox made the Riders roster following the training camp in June 2015, and following an injury to the team's starting middle linebacker, Knox took over duties as the middle linebacker for the Roughriders. Knox had an outstanding first season in the CFL, amassing 112 tackles over the course of the season, only 2 shy of first place Adam Bighill. He also contributed 10 special teams tackles and one interception. His performance was recognized by his peers when he was named a CFL West All-Star. Knox's 2016 season was not as spectacular as his rookie campaign as he played though injuries for portions of the season. In 17 regular season games he collected 65 defensive tackles, 19 special teams tackles, and 1 quarterback sack. Following the 2016 season, on January 14, 2017, Knox was released by the Roughriders allowing him to sign a contract with an NFL team.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
A few hours later, Knox signed a three-year contract with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL. He was waived on September 2, 2017.
Saskatchewan Roughriders (II)
Knox re-signed with the Saskatchewan Roughriders on September 11, 2017. Knox only played eight games for the Riders in 2017, contributing 23 defensive tackles, seven tackles on special teams and one quarterback sack. On January 31, 2018, two weeks prior to becoming a free agent, Knox was released by the Riders to pursue an NFL contract.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (II)
On February 7, 2018, Knox signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was waived on May 17, 2018.
Washington Redskins
Knox signed with the Washington Redskins on August 11, 2018, but was waived on August 18.
Tennessee Titans
On August 21, 2018, Knox was signed by the Tennessee Titans. He was waived on September 1, 2018.
Toronto Argonauts
On September 6, 2018, it was announced that Knox had signed with the Toronto Argonauts. He was not re-signed by the club following the season, and became a free agent in February 2019.
Ottawa Redblacks
On July 8, 2019, Knox signed with the Ottawa Redblacks. Knox made his debut for the Redblacks in Week 8 where he contributed with one defensive tackle. He was released by the club less than a month later on August 5, 2019. Knox was added to the Redblacks' practice roster on August 20, 2019. He was released by the Redblacks on January 23, 2020.
Toronto Argonauts (II)
On February 3, 2020, it was announced that Knox had re-signed with the Toronto Argonauts. He was released on December 28, 2020.
Personal life
On October 30, 2020, an arrest warrant was issued for Knox Jr., who faces several charges that includes 2 counts of attempted homicide, 2 counts of aggravated assault, & reckless endangerment of another person after a shooting incident in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on October 23, 2020.
References
External links
Toronto Argonauts bio
CFL profile
1992 births
Living people
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Canadian football linebackers
Players of American football from Pittsburgh
Players of Canadian football from Pittsburgh
American players of Canadian football
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
American football linebackers
California Vulcans football players
Washington Redskins players
Tennessee Titans players
Toronto Argonauts players
Ottawa Redblacks players | 0.256982 |
Moka () is a village in Mauritius located in the Moka District, the western part of the village also lies in the Plaines Wilhems District. Since 1967 it forms part of Constituency No. 8 Quartier Militaire and Moka. The village is administered by the Moka Village Council under the aegis of the Moka District Council. According to the census made by Statistics Mauritius in 2011, the population was at 8,846. The elevation is 203 meters and can be up to 425 meters in some places. Moka is directly on the other side of the Moka Range from Port Louis. The village is close to the mountain Le Pouce and the town Beau-Bassin Rose-Hill. Réduit is a suburb of the village where the State House and University of Mauritius is situated. The village is also home to the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation and the Mahatma Gandhi Institute.
History
Housing boom
Moka is centrally located in Mauritius and as such has experienced a real estate development boom in the past few years. This was mainly encouraged by the development of the CyberCity two kilometres away in Ebene. Another contributing factor to this property business was that since Mauritius will not benefit from preferential prices for its sugar by the European Community and World Trade Organization, sugar estates quickly started real estate business units that would convert the land under sugar cane culture to residential lands. From 2004 to 2006, Moka saw five property estate developments.
Weather
Moka has a tropical wet climate. Since it is in the southern hemisphere, February is the warmest month and August is the coolest. Temperatures normally can range from in February to at night in August. The dry season is in October, the wet season is in February. Temperature is somewhat constant.
Places
Schools
Schools in Moka include Le Bocage International School, Mahatma Gandhi Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Secondary School, St. Mary Roman Catholic School, and Ecole du Centre.
University
University of Mauritius
Charles Telfair Institute
Other
Other important institutions in Moka are the:
Agricultural Marketing Board (AMB) which stocks vegetables (mainly potatoes) for local consumption
Subramaniam Bharati Eye Centre (AKA Moka Eye Hospital) which is the country's only specialized eye hospital.
Catholic Church
Notable people
Jean Louis Brue du Garoutier, French soldier later retrieving the rank of Maréchal de Camp (Brigade General) under Napoleon and serving as commander of the 2nd Brigade, 4th Infantry Division during the Waterloo Campaign.
Thomas Shadrach James (Peersahib), teacher, linguist and herbalist in Australia
Fabrice Lapierre, Mauritian-born Australian long jumper
Reza Shah, exiled punultimate Shah of Iran who lived in Chateau Val Ory for seventh months after he was deposed by the Soviet-British coup
See also
List of places in Mauritius
References
Moka District
Populated places in Mauritius | 0.976501 |
The 2021 King Cup Final was the 46th final of the King Cup, Saudi Arabia's main football knock-out competition since its inception in 1957.
The final was played at the King Fahd International Stadium, Riyadh, on 27 May 2021. The match was contested by Al-Taawoun and Al-Faisaly. It will be Al-Taawoun's 3rd King Cup final and Al-Faisaly's 2nd. This will be the first meeting between these two sides in the King Cup. The attendance was capped at 40% after due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.
Al-Faisaly defeated Al-Taawoun 3–2 to win their first King Cup title.
Teams
Venue
The King Fahd International Stadium was announced as the final venue on 25 May 2021. This was the eighth King Cup final hosted in the King Fahd International Stadium following those in 1988, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2019 and 2020.
The King Fahd International Stadium was built in 1982 and was opened in 1987. The stadium was used as a venue for the 1992, 1995, and the 1997 editions of the FIFA Confederations Cup. Its current capacity is 68,752 and it is used by the Saudi Arabia national football team, Al-Hilal, Al-Shabab, and major domestic matches.
Background
Al-Taawoun reached their third final after a 3–2 win against Al-Fateh. This was Al-Taawoun's second final in three years. Al-Taawoun won their first title in 2019 after defeating Al-Ittihad and finished as runners-up in 1990.
Al-Faisaly reached their second final, after a 1–0 away win against Al-Nassr. This was Al-Faisaly's first final since 2018, which they lost against Al-Ittihad.
The two teams met twice earlier in the season with both matches ending in draws. This was the first meeting between these two sides in the King Cup and the 46th meeting between them in all competitions. In the clubs' 45 previous meetings, Al-Taawoun won 21, Al-Faisaly won 13 and the remaining 11 were drawn.
Road to the final
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).
Match
Details
{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="40%"|
Statistics
See also
2020–21 King Cup
2020–21 Saudi Professional League
2021 Saudi Super Cup
Notes
References
External links
2021
Sports competitions in Saudi Arabia
May 2021 sports events in Asia
Al Taawoun FC matches | 0.927566 |
Silver Haze is the debut studio album by Sqürl, a duo consisting of filmmaker Jim Jarmusch and film producer Carter Logan. The album was released on May 5, 2023, by Sacred Bones Records. It was produced by the duo and Randall Dunn and features collaborations with Charlotte Gainsbourg, Anika, and Marc Ribot.
Background
Sqürl, originally known as Bad Rabbit, was formed by Jarmusch, Logan, and sound engineer Shane Stoneback to score the former's 2009 film The Limits of Control. They subsequently released multiple EPs and scores for other Jarmusch films including Only Lovers Left Alive and Paterson. The name "Sqürl" is a reference to the Cate Blanchett segment of Jarmusch's Coffee and Cigarettes.
Release
The lead single, "Berlin '87", was released March 8, 2023, along with a music video directed by Jem Cohen. The video consists of black-and-white shots of Berlin streets, with the track having been inspired by Jarmusch's time living in the city. The second single, "John Ashbery Takes a Walk" featuring Charlotte Gainsbourg, released on April 4 with another video by Cohen. The album was released on May 5.
Style
The album has been called drone rock and stoner rock.
Reception
Track listing
Personnel
Musicians
Jim Jarmusch – guitar (1–4), vocals (2, 4)
Carter Logan – drums (1, 2, 4), Moog synthesizer (2, 4), percussion (3)
Arjan Miranda – bass (1–4)
Brent Arnold – cello (1)
Marc Ribot – guitar (3, 4)
Anika – vocals (4)
Charlotte Gainsbourg – vocals (6)
Technical
Jim Jarmusch – producer
Carter Logan – producer
Randall Dunn – producer, mixing engineer
Heba Kadry – mastering engineer
Garret De Block – recording engineer
Arjan Miranda – recording engineer
References
2023 debut albums
Sqürl albums
Sacred Bones Records albums
Albums produced by Randall Dunn
Drone music albums by American artists
Stoner rock albums | 0.678721 |
The Welling site is an archaeological site of the Paleo-Indian period, meaning the time of the earliest humans. Located in Coshocton County, Ohio, it was a site for quarrying stone in the Upper Mercer chert source area. Based upon the microwear analysis of stone tools, it is believed to be a base camp where people learned and shared Clovis tool-making techniques, ate, exchanged information, and perhaps found mates from others groups.
The site is located on the eastern boundary of the town of Nellie in the Walhonding River Valley. It is at the edge of the Allegheny Plateau, which was never covered by ice during the last ice age. The hills on either side of the valley are composed of bedrock of the Upper Mercer and Pottsville series. The use of Upper Mercer flint by prehistoric people was first reported in 1945. The flint was quarried and used to make stone tools. The site is 15 feet above the Walhonding River floodplain. Located between a township road and a railroad cut, the site may have been altered when a railroad line was built, particularly where Archaic tools were found.
The site was discovered in 1963 or in the winter of 1964–1965 by Carrell Welling, who found two flint tools near his home. A group of people from Case Institute of Technology excavated the site in August 1965. Among the artifacts were 54 fluted points of the Paleo-Indian period, some of which were finished and others unfinished. Six Kirk complex and ten Brewerton complex projectile points, including corner- and side-notched points, found at the site were created during the Archaic period. The large amount of flint debris, and various states of tool completion, indicates that the site was a "workshop" area for creation of tools. The tools were made of flint from the site, except for four fluted points made from light brown Vanport flint. Most of the material from the Woodland period were also of Upper Mercer flint. Scrapers were among the tools, as were tools from the Plano complex.
In 1970, Norman L. Wright, an amateur archaeologist, worked on another nearby site, the McConnell site (6500 to 8500 BC). Wright and Olaf Prufer of Kent State University performed research by comparing artifacts found at the Welling site with those of other Paleo-Indian sites. They also wrote an article about the Welling site (10,000 to 11,800 BC) for the Ohio Archaeologist. Based on their analysis, the Welling site is an early Paleo-Indian site. Thousands of tools were made at the site over many centuries. The earliest are fluted points from 12,000 B.C. and defined as "classically Paleo-Indian" and were created at the time of the now-extinct mastodons.
When Paleo-Indians procured stone for tool-making, there were opportunities to meet up with other groups who also needed raw material. Stone outcrops, like at the Welling site, were a natural meeting spot to learn about techniques for making complex Clovis fluted projectile points with a ready supply of material for practice. Using microwear analysis of stone tools, researchers find that Welling site was an outcrop-related base camp where people assembled in large groups and interacted, ate, and exchanged information with other groups as they quarried for stone. They may have found mates among people of other groups.
Tools that the site were used for processing meat and hides following a hunt, such as for butchering meat, sawing bones, scraping fresh and dry hides, and cutting hides. Tools were created for sawing and scraping wood, scraping bone or antlers, and scraping plants.
Notes
References
Archaeological sites in Ohio
Stark County, Ohio
Pre-statehood history of Ohio
Paleo-Indian period
Ohio History Connection | 0.866966 |
CISH or cish may refer to:
Chromogenic in situ hybridization, a technique in molecular biology
CISH (gene), coding for the cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein
cish (mathematics), a hyperbolic function in mathematics
International Committee of Historical Sciences, also referred to as Comité International des Sciences Historiques (CISH) outside the anglosphere | 0.982186 |
Experiments In Alchemy is the second release by Dog Fashion Disco, originally self-released by the band in 1998. It was re-released by Rotten Records in 2006. As with DFD's succeeding album, Embryo's in Bloom, tracks 3-8 were later re-recorded and released on later albums.
Track listing
Personnel
Todd Smith – Vocals
Sennen Quigley – Keyboards, Guitar
Greg Combs – Guitar
Mark Ammen – Bass
John Ensminger – Drums, Percussion
Additional Personnel
Geoff Stewart – Alto/Tenor/Bari Sax
Kristen Ensminger – Trumpet
Pat Euler – Additional Percussion
Dog Fashion Disco – Producer
James Halsey – Co-Producer, Engineer
Greg Jenkins – Co-Engineer
Paul Minor – Mixing, Mastering
Paul Campenella – Art Direction and Production
Chris Ehrmann – Cover Photography
References
1998 albums
Dog Fashion Disco albums | 0.564697 |
A lower gastrointestinal series is a medical procedure used to examine and diagnose problems with the human colon of the large intestine. Radiographs (X-ray pictures) are taken while barium sulfate, a radiocontrast agent, fills the colon via an enema through the rectum.
The term barium enema usually refers to a lower gastrointestinal series, although enteroclysis (an upper gastrointestinal series) is often called a small bowel barium enema.
Purpose
For any suspected large bowel disease, colonoscopy is the investigation of choice because tissue sample can be taken for investigation. Virtual colonoscopy (also known as CT colonography) is another preferred investigation, provided that facilities and expertise are available. Virtual colonoscopy also avoids the risk of total blockage of any stricture in the large bowel due to barium impaction. Some conditions are absolutely contraindicated for barium enema namely: toxic megacolon, pseudomembranous colitis, and recent history rigid endoscopy of the large bowel in the past five days and recent history of flexible endoscopy in the past 24 hours. This is because, rigid endoscopy tends to use larger biopsy forceps to take tissue samples from the bowel wall while flexible endoscopy uses small biopsy forceps to take superficial samples. For those with incomplete bowel preparation, the subject can return the next day or the day after next to repeat the procedure. If barium meal was performed recently, then it is advised to wait for another seven to ten days before repeating the procedure. Some frail subject may not be suitable for barium meal.
Barium enemas are most commonly used to check bowel health; they can help diagnose and evaluate the extent of inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Polyps can be seen, though not removed during the exam like with a colonoscopy—they may be cancerous. Other problems such as diverticulosis (small pouches formed on the colon wall that can become inflamed) and intussusception can be found (and in certain cases the test itself can treat intussusception). An acute appendicitis or twisted loop of the bowel may also be seen. If the picture is normal a functional cause such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be considered.
In a healthy colon, barium should fill the colon uniformly and show normal bowel contour, patency (should be freely open), and position.
Additional conditions under which the test may be performed:
CMV gastroenteritis/colitis
Hirschsprung's disease
intestinal obstruction
intussusception (children)
Procedure
Barium enema can be done in two ways, namely double contrast and single contrast methods. Double contrast (where air is inflated into the bowel after excess barium are drained through anus) is useful in visualising mucosal pattern. For single contrast study (whole bowel is filled up with barium without inflating any air), it is used to visualise any obstruction in the large bowel, and it is used in children where visualisation of mucosal pattern is not needed. Barium enema is also used to reduce an intussusception where this disorder is more commonly found in children. 500 ml of Polibar 150% (barium sulfate suspension) is used to perform this study. Subject should be fasted and Picolax (sodium picosulfate) is taken orally to empty the bowels before barium enema procedure.
This test may be done in a hospital or clinic. The individual lies on the X-ray table and a preliminary X-ray is taken. The individual is then asked to lie on their side while a well lubricated enema tube is inserted into the rectum. As the enema enters the body, the individual might have the sensation that they need to have a bowel movement. The barium sulfate, a radiodense (shows as white on X-ray) contrast medium, flows through the rectum into the colon. A large balloon at the tip of the enema tube may be inflated to help keep the barium sulfate inside. The flow of the barium sulfate is monitored by the health care provider on an X-ray fluoroscope screen (like a TV monitor). Air may be puffed into the colon to distend it and provide better images (often called a "double-contrast" exam). If air is used, the enema tube will be reinserted if it had been removed and a small amount of air will be introduced into the colon, and more X-ray pictures are taken.
The individual is usually asked to move to different positions and the table is slightly tipped to get different views.
If there is a suspected bowel perforation, a water-soluble contrast agent (such as diatrizoate) is used instead of barium. The procedure is otherwise very similar, although the images will be of poorer quality. If a perforation exists, the contrast will leak from the bowel to the peritoneal cavity; water-soluble material is less obscuring compared to barium should an abdominal incision to remove the contrast be necessary.
Radiographic views
Assume that the x-ray tube is moving above the table and the x-ray film is moving below the table (overcouch):
The subject lying supine to give AP (anteroposterior) view of all the bowels.
Left lateral view of rectum is to view the rectum from lateral position.
Right anterior oblique (RAO) position is to view the caecum, ascending colon, right hepatic flexure and sigmoid colon without overlapping of other bowels.
Left anterior oblique (LAO) position is to view the splenic flexure without overlapping of other bowels.
Left posterior oblique (LPO) position is to view the sigmoid colon without overlapping of other bowels.
Hampton's view (prone caudal view) of rectosigmoid colon is taken when the subject is in prone position with the X-ray tube tilted towards the feet at 30 degrees. This is to separate out the loops of sigmoid colon.
Other views include right and left decubitus views
Risks
X-rays are monitored and regulated to provide the minimum amount of radiation exposure needed to produce the image. Most experts feel that the risk is low compared with the benefits. Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to the risks of ionizing radiation.
A more serious risk is a bowel perforation.
Special considerations
CT scans and ultrasounds are now the tests of choice for the initial evaluation of abdominal masses, and colonoscopies are becoming the standard for routine colon screening for those over age 50 or with a familial history of polyps or colon cancer, although it is not uncommon for a barium enema to be done after a colonoscopy for further evaluation.
See also
Upper gastrointestinal series
References
External links
Duplicated Colon on Barium Enema - MedPix Medical Image Database
RadiologyInfo - The radiology information resource for patients: Barium Enema
NIH page on barium enemas
Barium
Diagnostic gastroenterology
Digestive system imaging
Fluoroscopy | 0.995336 |
The Château de Siéyès is a château in Voreppe, Isère, France. It was built in the 17th century. It has been listed as an official historical monument since June 6, 1980.
References
Châteaux in Isère
Houses completed in the 17th century
Monuments historiques of Isère | 0.742087 |
Randall Duane Ayers (born April 16, 1956) is an American basketball coach who is currently an assistant coach (through a coaching advisor position) for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association. Ayers grew up in Springfield, Ohio and played college basketball at Miami University in Ohio. He has been a basketball coach since 1979.
He was selected in the third round of the 1978 NBA draft by the Chicago Bulls. He began his coaching career that year as an assistant coach at Miami and played one year of professional basketball for the Reno Bighorns of the World Basketball Association. After four years on the Miami staff, Ayers was an assistant at Army from 1982 to 1984.
From 1984 to 1989, Ayers was an assistant at Ohio State under Gary Williams and was promoted to head coach in 1989. In eight seasons at Ohio State, Ayers had a 124–108 record with three straight NCAA tournament appearances from 1990 to 1992. In 1991 and 1992, Ohio State won back-to-back Big Ten Conference regular season titles and top-five national finishes. However, amidst declining team performance and an ethics violation, Ayers was fired in 1997.
Since leaving Ohio State, Ayers has coached in the NBA, starting as an assistant with the Philadelphia 76ers from 1999 to 2003. Ayers was head coach for the 76ers in the 2003–04 season, the last head coaching job he would hold. Subsequently, Ayers was an assistant for the Orlando Magic from 2005 to 2007, Washington Wizards from 2007 to 2009, the New Orleans Hornets (later Pelicans) from 2010 to 2012 and 2014 to 2015, and then the Phoenix Suns beginning in 2019.
Early life
Ayers was born in Springfield, Ohio, the fourth of eight children of Frank Ayers and Betty Basey. He played basketball at North High School in Springfield, where he was named Ohio high school Class AAA (big-school) player of the year in 1974.
College career
Ayers attended Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, where he played basketball. Ayers made his mark more as a defender, rebounder and playmaker than as a scorer, as Miami teammates Archie Aldridge as well as Chuck Goodyear provided much of the offense. As a freshman in 1974–75, Ayers saw significant playing time, averaged 8.5 points per game (ppg) with a .560 field goal percentage as the Redskins, coached by Darrell Hedric, posted a 19–7 record. He was named honorable mention All-Mid-American Conference (MAC)
As a sophomore in 1975–76, Ayers became a starter and averaged 10.9 ppg as the team finished 18–8 and second in the MAC. He was again named honorable mention All-MAC.
As a junior in 1976–77, Ayers increased his scoring average to 12.8 ppg and 8.1 rebounds per game (rpg) as, for the third season, he was named honorable mention All-MAC. The Redskins posted an overall record of 20–6 and were MAC co-champions.
In his senior year of 1977–78, Ayers increased his scoring average for the third straight year with 13.4 ppg and had 7.0 rpg. He was named second-team All-MAC as his teammate, Archie Aldridge, earned MAC Player of the Year. Ayers was also named Miami's Defensive Player of the Year. Miami's record was 19–9 but they earned an outright MAC championship and earned a berth in the NCAA tournament. Miami opened the tournament with a thrilling 84–81 overtime win over defending national champion Marquette, a game in which Ayers had a double-double with 20 points and 10 rebounds plus three assists. In the next round they were defeated by eventual national champion Kentucky, 91–69, although Ayers had another big game with 18 points, eight rebounds and three assists.
Ayers earned a bachelor's degree in Education in 1978 and master's degree in 1981, both from Miami.
Professional playing career
He was drafted in the third round of the 1978 NBA draft by the Chicago Bulls, but was cut from the team and then played professionally in Reno, Nevada for the Reno Bighorns in the fledgling Western Basketball Association. Ayers earned second-team all-league honors, but the WBA folded after one season.
Coaching career
Early coaching career (1979–1989)
In 1979, Ayers returned to Miami University for graduate school and became a graduate assistant for his former coach Hedric. After completing graduate school, Ayers became an assistant coach at Army, where he spent two seasons until 1983. Then from 1983 to 1991, Ayers was an assistant coach at Ohio State, first as a part-time assistant under Eldon Miller until 1986. New head coach Gary Williams retained Ayers on staff and promoted Ayers to full-time in 1987.
Ohio State head coach (1989–1997)
On July 3, 1989, Ohio State promoted Ayers to head coach after Williams left to take the head coaching job at Maryland. Ayers led Ohio State to a 17–13 record in his debut season; Ohio State lost in the second round of the 1990 NCAA tournament to eventual national champion UNLV.
The 1990–91 Ohio State Buckeyes finished 27–4 with a share of the Big Ten regular season title, the program's first conference title in 20 years. In the 1991 NCAA tournament, Ohio State advanced to the Sweet 16. After the season, Ayers was unanimously voted by peer Big Ten coaches as Big Ten Coach of the Year and won the Associated Press College Basketball Coach of the Year award. Then in 1991–92, Ohio State went 26–6, won the Big Ten title outright, and made the Elite Eight round of the 1992 NCAA tournament. This was the first time since 1964 that Ohio State won two consecutive conference titles. Ohio State forward Jim Jackson became the fourth overall pick in the 1992 NBA draft.
However, Ohio State regressed after that early success. In 1992–93, despite peaking at no. 21 in the AP Poll, Ohio State finished 15–13 and exited after the first round of the 1993 National Invitation Tournament with a loss to Miami University. The next season, Ohio State dropped to 13–16, the first losing season in 17 years.
In June 1994, the National Collegiate Athletics Association placed Ohio State on one year's probation after finding that Ayers improperly met with a high school recruit and basketball coach during a restricted time period and paid $60 to the coach. Also that year, Ohio State power forward Lawrence Funderburke was selected in the second round of the NBA draft. However, Ohio State continued to struggle with three straight losing seasons, as low as 6–22 in 1994–95.
On March 10, 1997, Ohio State athletic director Andy Geiger fired Ayers. In eight seasons, Ayers had a cumulative 124–108 record at Ohio State. On April 29 that year, Ohio State reached a nearly $637,000 settlement with Ayers to buy out the remaining two years of his contract.
Philadelphia 76ers assistant and head coach (1997–2004)
Ayers was named head coach of the Philadelphia 76ers on June 20, 2003, after serving as an assistant coach with the team since 1997. He compiled a 21–31 record during the 2003–04 season, but was fired in the middle of the season.
Later NBA career (2005–present)
He then served as an assistant coach for the Orlando Magic. On July 24, 2007, Ayers was hired as an assistant coach for the Washington Wizards. On August 5, 2009, Ayers returned to the Philadelphia 76ers to serve as an assistant coach under Eddie Jordan. Ayers then joined the coaching staff of the New Orleans Hornets (now Pelicans) in 2010, continuing his position until 2012. He returned with the Pelicans for the 2014–15 NBA season before being hired as a scout for the Brooklyn Nets on November 3, 2015.
On June 26, 2019, Ayers was hired as an assistant coach for the Phoenix Suns. On June 28, 2022, Ayers was moved to the team's coaching advisor position, which allows him to take on a smaller role with the coaching staff and spend more time with his family, as well as remain a key part of the Suns' coaching staff.
Head coaching record
College
NBA
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Philadelphia
| style="text-align:left;"|
|52||21||31|||| align="center"|(fired)|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left;"|Career
| ||52||21||31|||| ||—||—||—||—||
Personal life
Ayers' youngest brother, Tim Ayers, served as mayor and city commissioner of Springfield, Ohio from 1984 to 1990.
Ayers married high school Spanish teacher Carol Denise Peery in 1983. They have two sons. Ryan Ayers (born July 16, 1986) played college basketball at Notre Dame and was later an assistant coach there. Cameron Ayers (born September 18, 1991) played college basketball at Bucknell University and played pro basketball.
He was inducted into the Ohio Basketball Hall of Fame in 2013.
References
External links
Randy Ayers profile on NBA.com
BasketballReference.com: Randy Ayers
1956 births
Living people
American men's basketball players
Army Black Knights men's basketball coaches
Basketball coaches from Ohio
Basketball players from Ohio
Chicago Bulls draft picks
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Miami RedHawks men's basketball players
New Orleans Hornets assistant coaches
New Orleans Pelicans assistant coaches
Orlando Magic assistant coaches
Philadelphia 76ers assistant coaches
Philadelphia 76ers head coaches
Phoenix Suns assistant coaches
Sportspeople from Springfield, Ohio
Washington Wizards assistant coaches
Western Basketball Association players | 0.518628 |
Northeast 130th Street Beach is a public beach in Seattle on Lake Washington located immediately off the Burke-Gilman Trail at the eastern end of NE 130th Street in Lake City. The beach was a source of controversy when, in 2013, after 82 years of public access, a fence was put by the owners of the two adjoining properties after they discovered a legal technicality that gave them ownership of the segment.
The City of Seattle threatened in 2015 to force purchase of the land under eminent domain. Condemnation proceedings resulted in a settlement, and in 2019, the beach was made an official city park and officially named NE 130th Street End. The case had attracted enough attention over the years that The Seattle Times treated its designation as a park as front-page news.
References
Beaches of Washington (state)
Parks in Seattle
Protected areas established in 2019 | 0.726467 |
Telecommunications in Slovenia include telephone, radio, television and internet.
Telephone
Telephones – number of subscribers:
200.266 analog subscribers, 517.284 VoIP subscribers (2016)
Telephones – mobile cellular:
2.341.000 users, 1.784.266 paid subscriptions and 556.223 users of prepaid phones (2016), 100.5% mobile penetration (as of 2016)
Telephone system:
general assessment: well-developed telecommunications infrastructure
domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity, roughly 150 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code – 386
Radio
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 5, FM 53 (2016)
Radios:
805,000 (1997)
Television
Television broadcast stations:
20 (2014)
Televisions:
710,000 (1997)
Internet
Internet:
56% Internet penetration, 130.000 ADSL subscribers (November 2005), 2000 ADSL TV subscribers (May 2004), 12.000 VDSL subscribers (July 2006), 3.950 VDSL TV subscribers (July 2006) – currently higher penetration (over 55%) – MOSS 2006 http://www.soz.si/projekti_soz/moss_merjenje_obiskanosti_spletnih_strani/
Internet service providers (ISPs):
SISPA (Slovene Internet Service Provider Association) has 22 members (2004)
Internet hosts:
417,984 (2010)
Internet users:''
1.298 million (2009)Country code (Top level domain): SIInternational radio callsign prefix:''' S5 | 0.800254 |
Boris Becker was the defending champion, but lost in the final to Yevgeny Kafelnikov. The score was 7–5, 5–7, 7–6(8–6).
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
References
External links
Official results archive (ATP)
Official results archive (ITF)
Milan Indoor
1995 ATP Tour
Milan | 0.113304 |
Lee Hun (; born 29 April 1986) is a South Korean football forward, who played for Gyeongnam FC in K-League.
Club career statistics
External links
1986 births
Living people
Men's association football forwards
South Korean men's footballers
Gyeongnam FC players
K League 1 players
Footballers from Seoul | 0.147554 |
Laura Hasn't Slept is a 2020 American short horror film written, directed, and co-produced by Parker Finn. The film stars Caitlin Stasey and Lew Temple. It would later serve as inspiration for Finn's feature-length horror film Smile (2022); a continuation in which Stasey briefly reprised her role.
Plot
While telling her therapist Dr. Parsons about a recurring nightmare in which a sinister man constantly smiles at her, Laura Weaver discovers that she is still experiencing the nightmare when Dr. Parsons morphs into a grotesque creature that wants to force Laura to look at it. Refusing to look, Laura runs out of the room. She returns a few moments later, believing the monster has gone; however, it suddenly appears in front of her, causing her to go insane and scream while ripping off her own face.
Cast
Caitlin Stasey as Laura Weaver
Lew Temple as Dr. Parsons
Release
The film was screened at the SXSW Film Festival. Following the success of Smile, it was released on YouTube in November 2022.
Reception
Nightmarish Conjurings does "not recommend the film if you're having problems sleeping". Morbidly Beautiful scored it 4.5 out of 5. IMDb scored it 6.7/10, based on 756 votes.
References
External links
Laura Hasn't Slept on YouTube
2020 horror films
2020 films
2020 short films
American horror short films
2020s English-language films
2020s American films
Films about nightmares
Films about sleep disorders
Films released on YouTube
English-language horror films | 0.210989 |
Fields of Gold: The Best of Sting 1984–1994 is the first greatest hits album by English musician Sting. It features hit singles from his first four studio albums The Dream of the Blue Turtles, ...Nothing Like the Sun, The Soul Cages, and Ten Summoner's Tales. A companion music video compilation was released on LaserDisc and VHS.
Album information
The album features two new songs, "When We Dance" and "This Cowboy Song", which were both released as singles.
Track listing
U.S. edition
All tracks written by Sting.
"When We Dance" – 5:59
New song (1994)
"If You Love Somebody Set Them Free" – 4:15
Originally released on the album The Dream of the Blue Turtles (1985).
"Fields of Gold" – 3:38
Originally released on the album Ten Summoner's Tales (1993).
"All This Time" – 4:54
Originally released on the album The Soul Cages (1991).
"Fortress Around Your Heart" – 4:35
Remixed version of track originally released on the album The Dream of the Blue Turtles (1985).
"Be Still My Beating Heart" – 5:32
Originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987).
"They Dance Alone (Cueca Solo)" – 7:13
Originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987).
"If I Ever Lose My Faith in You" – 4:30
Originally released on the album Ten Summoner's Tales (1993).
"Fragile" – 3:52
Originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987).
"Why Should I Cry for You?" – 4:51
Remixed version of track originally released on the album The Soul Cages.
"Englishman in New York" – 4:27
Originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987).
"We'll Be Together" – 3:50
Previously unreleased version of track originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun.
"Russians" – 3:57
Originally released on the album The Dream of the Blue Turtles (1985).
"This Cowboy Song" – 5:00
New song (1994)
International edition
"When We Dance" – 5:59
New song (1994)
"If You Love Somebody Set Them Free" – 4:15
Originally released on the album The Dream of the Blue Turtles (1985).
"Fields of Gold" – 3:38
Originally released on the album Ten Summoner's Tales (1993).
"All This Time" – 4:54
Originally released on the album The Soul Cages (1991).
"Englishman in New York" – 4:27
Originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987).
"Mad About You" – 3:53
Originally released on the album The Soul Cages(1991).
"It's Probably Me" – 5:02
Originally released on the album Lethal Weapon 3 (soundtrack) (1992).
"They Dance Alone (Cueca Solo)" – 7:13
Originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987).
"If I Ever Lose My Faith in You" – 4:30
Originally released on the album Ten Summoner's Tales (1993).
"Fragile" – 3:52
Originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987).
"We'll Be Together" – 3:50
Alternate version of track originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987, r1994).
"Moon Over Bourbon Street" – 3:59
"Love Is the Seventh Wave" – 3:31
"Russians" – 3:57
Tracks 12–14 originally released on the album The Dream of the Blue Turtles (1985).
"Why Should I Cry for You" – 4:51
Alternate version of track originally released on the album The Soul Cages (1991, r1994).
"This Cowboy Song" – 5:00
New song (1994)
"Fragil" – 3:51
Originally released on the EP Nada Como el Sol (1988). Replaced "Fragile" on the Brazilian edition.
"Take Me to the Sunshine"
Appears on a single-track CD included with the Japanese release.
LaserDisc/VHS
Side one
"When We Dance" – 5:59
New song (1994)
"If You Love Somebody Set Them Free" – 4:15
Originally released on the album The Dream of the Blue Turtles (1985).
"Fields of Gold" – 3:39
Originally released on the album Ten Summoner's Tales (1993).
"All This Time" – 4:55
Originally released on the album The Soul Cages (1991).
"Fortress Around Your Heart" – 4:35
Remixed version of track originally released on the album The Dream of the Blue Turtles (1985).
"Be Still My Beating Heart" – 5:32
Originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987).
"Bring on the Night"
LaserDisc/VHS version exclusive
"They Dance Alone (Cueca Solo)" – 7:10
Originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987).
"If I Ever Lose My Faith in You" – 4:31
Originally released on the album Ten Summoner's Tales (1993).
"Fragile" – 3:53
Originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987).
"Why Should I Cry for You" – 4:50
Alternate version of track originally released on the album The Soul Cages (1991, r1994).
"Englishman in New York" – 4:27
Originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987).
Side two
"Russians" – 3:58
originally released on the album The Dream of the Blue Turtles (1985).
"It's Probably Me" (with Eric Clapton)
LaserDisc/VHS version exclusive
"We'll Be Together" – 3:51
Studio/music video version. Originally released on the album ...Nothing Like the Sun (1987).
"Demolition Man"
LaserDisc/VHS version exclusive
"This Cowboy Song" – 5:00
New song (1994)
Singles
"When We Dance" (1994) #9 UK, #38 US
"This Cowboy Song" (1994) #15 UK
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
1994 greatest hits albums
Sting (musician) compilation albums
Albums produced by Hugh Padgham
A&M Records compilation albums
1994 video albums
Music video compilation albums
A&M Records video albums | 0.578895 |
Klemen Ferjan (born 12 October 1979) is a former Slovenian judoka.
Currently he is building up a career in aviation. Klemen has served nearly 3 years as the Alternate Representative on the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). He has been representing Central European Rotation Group (CERG) in providing continuing direction to ICAO’s work of fostering safe, secure and sustainable international aviation, including with respect to the review and adoption of international standards and recommended practices.
His area of special interest is economic development of air transport; hence as IATA Consultant he revived Airline Operational Cost Task Force (currently Airline Cost Management Group) in 2012 and significantly increased airlines’ participation in 2013 and 2014.
Klemen holds an M.B.A. degree from the John Molson School of Business at Concordia University and Diploma in Civil Aviation Management. He also serves on the board of directors of Fondation Amal, mentors young budding entrepreneurs and is an avid judo instructor.
Achievements
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Slovenian male judoka
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Slovenia
Mediterranean Games medalists in judo
Competitors at the 2005 Mediterranean Games
20th-century Slovenian people | 0.89595 |
Nesiodostomia quarta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
Description
The cylindric shell is tapering towards its apex. Its length measures 3.4 mm. The smooth and glossy shell has a cinnamon color. The protoconch is large and hemispherical. The 5½ whorls of the teleoconch are nearly flat. The sutures are narrowly impressed. The subsutural margin is defined by an indistinct line in the color of the shell. The body whorl is tapering below. The aperture is almost shaped like a pear. The columella is very short and concave. The outer lip is tapering outward in the middle.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Hawaii.
References
External links
To World Register of Marine Species
Pyramidellidae
Gastropods described in 1918 | 0.864108 |
Sidney Hunt (1896–1940) was a British draughtsman, painter, poet and editor who published the avant-garde journal Ray between 1926 and 1927.
Life
Sidney James Hunt was born in 1896 and studied at the Slade School of Fine Art in London. During the 1920s he designed bookplates and contributed modern-style drawings for several international art magazines, such as Artwork, Der Querschnitt, Der Sturm, Tambour and Contimporanul. Hunt also published experimental poems in modern journals, such as Transition, Seed, and Blues: A Magazine of New Rhythms. In October 1925, he held his first solo exhibition at the Mayor Gallery in London. Between 1926 and 1932, he was a member of the Seven and Five Society, one of the most progressive art societies in interwar England. In 1926 and 1927, Hunt edited the avant-garde magazine Ray, which has been described as the English equivalent of influential art journals from the 1920s such as Merz, Mecano and De Stijl. Ray featured work of leading figures of the European avant-garde such as Kurt Schwitters, El Lissitzky, Theo van Doesburg, Naum Gabo and Hans Arp. It has been said that Hunt died in his studio in 1940, aged forty-four, during The Blitz.
Style
Much of Hunt's work is homoerotic; he had homosexual patrons like Sir Edward Marsh; Alfred Flechtheim reproduced his Ganymede in Der Querschnitt (1921, VIII, p. 346); his drawings of boys appeared with those of Ralph Chubb in The Island in 1931; the bookplates he produced feature naked youths; and Oswell Blakeston published his experimental prose poem fantasies of 18-year-old hermaphrodites in the first, 1933 issue of Seed (p. 7). His themes included boys bathing, sunbathing, posing with pansies and possibly boy prostitutes on a "Saturday afternoon" in Artwork (1924, I, p. 75). He is one of the few modernist artists to use abstraction to express the essentials of male beauty in simplified forms like his painting of "Ganymede" or by contrasts of black and white as in "Drawing" (1922). As Candela has speculated, he may also be the creator of the photomontages that he published in Ray (pp. 2, 15 and 27), as by the otherwise unknown P. Capeli. His work as a pioneer of British modernism and as an abstract gay artist deserves much more reassessment.
References
External links
Sidney Hunt's bookplate with Nietzsche quote "Curved is the path of eternity", Library of Congress, Washington DC.
Sidney Hunt's bookplate of Bella C. Landauer with "Lend a hand" motto, Library of Congress, Washington DC.
1896 births
1940 deaths
Book artists
British draughtsmen
Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art
British male poets
British civilians killed in World War II
Deaths by airstrike during World War II
British LGBT painters
British LGBT poets
20th-century British LGBT people | 0.860712 |
is a small folk shrine located in Asakusa in Taitō, Tokyo. The shrine houses a stone statue of Kume no Heinai, a samurai from the early Edo period (17th century). According to the Asakusa tourism bureau, there are few facts about the life of Kume no Heinai, but he is said to have died in 1683. Oral tradition holds that Heinai excelled in Kenjutsu, the martial art of swordsmanship, killing many people over the years. In the latter half of his life, he is said to have lived in the Sensō-ji temple in Asakusa where he devoted himself to Zen-Buddhism and held religious services in honor of the people he killed. Shortly before his death he ordered his followers to carve his likeness on a stone and bury it near the Niōmon – the entrance to the Buddhist temple and a busy district in the city. His wish was to have his statue be stepped on by as many people as possible in order to expiate the crimes he committed in life. The statue was eventually retrieved and is now stored inside the shrine itself. It is because of this that the shrine initially carried the name , which means "to tread on", but over time the meaning was lost and the shrine's name came to be spelled 文付け, which means "love letter". Both words are pronounced Fumitsuke and the shrine is now worshipped by the general public as a deity of marriage and match-making. Kume no Heinai-dō was destroyed in March 1945 during World War II. The current temple was rebuilt in October 1978.
References
Tourism Website
Shinto shrines in Tokyo | 0.716948 |
Stavanger IF Fotball, the football division of Stavanger Idrettsforening, is a football club from Stavanger, Norway. In Rogaland, they are colloquially called Sif or Stavanger.
SIF reached the semi-finals of the Norwegian Football Cup in 1912, 1914, 1929 and 1930. Its latest stint in the First Division, the second tier of the Norwegian football league system, was in 2009. The club is currently playing in 5. divisjon, the sixth tier of Norwegian football.
History
The club was founded 17 September 1905. They were the dominating club in Stavanger up until the 1930s, and reached the semi-finals of the Norwegian Football Cup in 1912, 1914, 1929 and 1930. One of the club's profiles from that period, Sverre Berg-Johannesen, was the first player from Rogaland to be capped for the Norway national football team.
After World War Two, Viking FK took over as the dominating football club in Stavanger. SIF went on to play in lower divisions, and the club was also passed by FK Vidar (another club from Stavanger) in terms of league position and achievements in the 1980s.
Per Ravn Omdal, president of the Norwegian Football Association from 1987 to 1992 and the current vice president of UEFA, started his active career with SIF.
With Roger Nilsen as manager, SIF was promoted to 2. divisjon in 2006. On 25 October 2008, SIF secured promotion to 1. divisjon for the 2009 season after winning their group in 2. divisjon, but were relegated back to 2. divisjon for the 2010 season. They were promptly relegated again, to 3. divisjon in 2010.
Recent seasons
Stadium
SIF currently play their home matches at SIF Stadion, which is located in Bekkefaret in Stavanger. Prior to the 2009 season in 1. divisjon, the stadium was upgraded with a new seated spectator stand and improved facilities for players and match officials. SIF Stadion has an artificial turf.
References
External links
Football clubs in Norway
Sport in Stavanger
1905 establishments in Norway
Association football clubs established in 1905
it:Stavanger Idrettsforening | 0.993508 |
Cuthbert Haydock (1684-1763), one of a long line of priests from the prominent Catholic recusant Haydock family, helped to keep his faith alive during the long penal period in England by serving mass in secret for those who remained faithful to the Catholic Church.
Early years
Cuthbert Haydock was one of eight children. His eldest brother, William, inherited the Haydock family manor, Cottam Hall Lancashire. Cuthbert and another brother, Gilbert, became priests. A third brother, Hugh, began studying for the priesthood, but withdrew before completion of his studies. The more violent persecution of Catholics, including the execution of priests, has ceased by Cuthbert's time. However, priests could still not be trained in England, so Cuthbert went across the Channel to France to attend the English College, Douai (contemporary English spelling, Douay) where he was ordained in 1714, and then sent back to England.
The Missions in England
Although the Penal Laws were moderating by this time, there were still no formal Catholic parishes in England. The remaining faithful were served by "missions" where services might be held in a variety of facilities depending on the local situation. The newly ordained Father Haydock's first assignment was a mission established at home of his sister Mary: Lane Ends House at Mawdesley Chorley Lancashire, where there were hiding places for priests and a secret chapel in the attic.
Legend Surrounding Lane Ends House
Lane Ends House was also known as Skull House. This is due to its possession of a skull, said to be that of one of the Haydock ancestors, either William Haydock (1483?-1537), a Cistercian monk who was executed in 1536 for his part in the Pilgrimage of Grace, or Blessed George Haydock (1556-1584), executed for being a priest in violation of Queen Elizabeth's Penal law. This skull had been kept at the Haydock family manor, Cottam Hall. However, Cuthbert's brother William sold the estate, and sometime afterward, the skull was transferred to Lane Ends House, where it was venerated as a relic.
Later Assignments
Father Haydock went on to serve missions in nearby Euxton Lancashire, the home of a cousin, William Anderton; at Hodsock Park Nottinghamshire, the home of another of his sisters; then at Worksop Manor Nottinghamshire, where he became chaplain to the 9th Duke of Norfolk. While there, his zeal caught the attention of a local Protestant minister, Rev. John Cook, who denounced him as a "zealot," who "spread his poison openly whether in taverns, or at market crosses or on crowded thoroughfares." His other activities included assisting his brother Gilbert in handling business arrangements for the exiled nuns at St. Monica's Convent in Louvain and in recruiting students for his alma mater at Douay. He died at age 78, leaving an extensive collection of books and manuscripts, some of which are now at Stonyhurst College.
See also
Roman Catholicism in Great Britain (The Eighteenth Century & The Catholic Revival in the Nineteenth Century)
References
Alger, Brendan, "Cuthbert Haydock and Lane-End House, Mawdesley," North West Catholic History, Vol. III, 1971.
Camm, Dom Bede
Tyburn Conferences Oxford, Douay, Tyburn, Benziger Bros., NY, 1906
Forgotten Shrines, an Account of Some Old Catholic Halls and Families in England and of Relics and Memorials of the English Martyrs, Macdonald & Evers, London, 1910.
Fields, Kenneth, Lancashire Magic & Mystery, Secrets of the Red Rose County, Sigma Press, 2004.
Gillow, Joseph, The Haydock Papers: A Glimpse into English Catholic Life under the Shade of Persecution and in the Dawn of Freedom, Burns & Oates, London and New York, 1888.
Shannon, William D., Your Sorrow Shall Be Turned Into Joy, Published for the Author, 2014.
Squiers, Granville, Secret Hiding Places – The Origins, Histories and Descriptions of English Secret Hiding Places Used by Priests, Cavaliers, Jacobites & Smugglers, Stanley Paul & Co., Ltd., London, 1933.
Williams, Richard G., Mannock Strickland 1683-1744; Agent to English Convents in Flanders. Letters and Accounts from Exile, The Boydell Press, 2016.
External links
Lane Ends House today.
1684 births
1763 deaths
English College, Douai alumni
History of Catholicism in the United Kingdom
18th-century English Roman Catholic priests | 0.879755 |
Internet freedom is an umbrella term that encompasses digital rights, freedom of information, the right to Internet access, freedom from Internet censorship, and net neutrality.
As a human right
Those who support internet freedom as a human right include the United Nations Human Rights Council, who declared internet freedom a Human Right in 2012. Eric Sterner agrees with the end goals of internet freedom but thinks that focusing on democracy and other freedoms is the best strategy.
Relatively free internets
J. Goldsmith notes the discrepancies in fundamental rights around free speech that exist between Europe and the United States, for example, and how that impacts internet freedom. In addition, the proliferation in certain kinds of speech that spreads false information and weakens trust in the accuracy of content online remains a topic of concern around internet freedom in all countries.
Relatively unfree internets
Some countries work to ban certain sites and or words that limit internet freedom. The People's Republic of China (PRC) has the world's largest number of Internet users and one of the most sophisticated and aggressive Internet censorship and control regimes in the world. In 2020 Freedom House ranked China last of 64 nations in internet freedom.
See also
Censorship of Wikipedia
Free culture movement
Freedom of information
Freedom of speech
Information wants to be free
Pirate Party
Public domain
Steal This Film
References
Broad-concept articles
Internet access
Digital rights
Computing and society
Social concepts | 0.83044 |
Mo Ranch is a Presbyterian conference center for summer camps, retreats, family reunions that is located in unincorporated Kerr County, Texas. It is in a west-central area in the county, west of Hunt, Texas, in the Hill Country at the North Fork of the Guadalupe River.
History
The Ranch is named for Daniel J. Moran, who was chairman of Continental Oil Company (later to become Conoco, Inc.). He owned the ranch from 1935 until his death in 1948; Presbyterians purchased the ranch in 1949, the year after his death, for $562,500; Mrs. Moran then gave a gift back to the church of $50,000. Eventually the State of Texas bought of the ranch from the Presbyterians, and later expanded that portion with additional purchase of adjacent land. That land is now the Kerr County Wildlife Management Area, administered by Texas Parks & Wildlife. Now the entire Mo-Ranch covers .
By 2019 the Mo Ranch camp organization began doing off-site camping programs in the Rio Grande Valley region; historically many residents there chose not to travel to Kerr County for the camp as some members of families lacked immigration visas and therefore could be detained at in-country immigration checkpoints set up in the region.
References
External links
Mo Ranch HomePage
Buildings and structures in Kerr County, Texas
Summer camps in Texas | 0.70911 |
Sphaleractis eurysema is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1904. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales.
The wingspan is . The forewings are light fuscous, darker above the middle and with a broad white costal streak from the base to five-sixths, strewn with black specks, the costal edge suffusedly fuscous from the middle to three-fourths. The stigmata are rather large, distinct and blackish, with the plical rather obliquely beyond the first discal, an additional dot midway between the second discal and dorsum. The hindwings are whitish grey.
References
Gelechiinae
Moths described in 1904 | 0.933412 |
The White Minaret is a stone minaret beside the Aqsa Mosque in Qadian, Punjab. It was constructed under the direction of the Indian religious leader Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. It serves as a lighthouse symbolising the ultimate pre-eminence of Islam.
The minaret has three stages, 92 steps, and a total height of about . Its construction was completed in 1916 and has since become a symbol and distinctive mark in Ahmadiyya Islam. The minaret features on the Ahmadiyya flag and also (sometimes with rays of light) in the movement's major publications. It is classified as a historical monument.
History and purpose
Islamic tradition holds that Jesus would descend at a white minaret to the east of Damascus. According to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who held himself as manifestation of Jesus, this prophecy was fulfilled with his advent in Qadian, a town situated directly to the east of Damascus, and the significance of the minaret was symbolic. Reference to a white minaret, according to him, symbolised the spread of Islamic teachings linked to the coming of the Messiah, which would enlighten the world and lead to Islam's ultimate pre-eminence. Ghulam Ahmad wrote:
With reference to the Messiah appearing to the east of Damascus – a commercial city within the Christian Byzantine Empire during Muhammad's time – In a tract published on 28 May 1900, Ghulam Ahmad linked Biblical prophecies concerning the return of Christ with those found in the Quran and Hadith, stating that they pointed in the same direction for a specific reason, particularly the one mentioned by Jesus in the 24th chapter of the Gospel of Matthew:
According to Ghulam Ahmad, specific mention in the hadith of the east of Damascus with reference to the promised Messiah, carried a deeply religious significance since it was in Damascus that Paul of Tarsus laid the foundation of the doctrine of Trinity and divinity of Jesus and therefore the seed for the corruption of Christian beliefs, according to him, was first sown in Damascus. From there this erroneous idea had spread to other countries with Paul’s preaching, particularly towards the West. It was therefore fitting that the Messiah appear from the East and, like the sun, illumine through his teachings even the West where the Christian faith would at the time be ascendant. In the same tract, he wrote:
Although Ghulam Ahmad interpreted the prophecy symbolically, with the publication of the announcement in 1900, he sought to construct a physical structure representing the fulfilment of the prophecy and solicited donations for the building of the minaret laying its foundation on 13 March 1903. The minaret, according to him, was to be a physical representation of the fulfilment of the prophecy and a monument signifying the advent of the Promised Messiah with a light and a clock fixed on its top symbolising the light of Islamic teachings spreading far and wide and "so that Man will recognize his time", and a Muezzin to give the call to prayer five times a day symbolising an invitation to Islam. Though the foundation stone for the minaret was laid in 1903, construction subsequently stopped due to a lack of funds. Work continued under Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud, the second Ahmadiyya caliph in 1914, reaching completion in 1916. Bright lights were fixed at the top of the minaret. These lights were not fixed so as to brighten the minaret itself but were instead pointing away from the minaret thereby representing its Lighthouse status. The clock was not fixed until 1933 and in the late 1930s it was coated with plaster of white marble. In 1980, it was veneered with white marble slabs.
References
Bibliography
Ahmadiyya buildings and structures
Buildings and structures in Punjab, India
Minarets in India | 0.103354 |
Rumuodomaya is a community in Obio-Akpor, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Details
Rumuodomaya is situated nearby to the village Rukpokwu-Obio and the locality Rumodome. It also sits in-between Rumuokoro and Rukpokwu communities.
The town houses the popular daily slaughter market in Rumuodomaya/Rumuokoro axis.
It is the seat of a second-order administrative division in Obio-Akpor local government area. It is the headquarters of Obio-Akpor local government area.
References
Towns in Rivers State
Obio-Akpor | 0.845616 |
In mathematics, the study of interchange of limiting operations is one of the major concerns of mathematical analysis, in that two given limiting operations, say L and M, cannot be assumed to give the same result when applied in either order. One of the historical sources for this theory is the study of trigonometric series.
Formulation
In symbols, the assumption
LM = ML,
where the left-hand side means that M is applied first, then L, and vice versa on the right-hand side, is not a valid equation between mathematical operators, under all circumstances and for all operands. An algebraist would say that the operations do not commute. The approach taken in analysis is somewhat different. Conclusions that assume limiting operations do 'commute' are called formal. The analyst tries to delineate conditions under which such conclusions are valid; in other words mathematical rigour is established by the specification of some set of sufficient conditions for the formal analysis to hold. This approach justifies, for example, the notion of uniform convergence. It is relatively rare for such sufficient conditions to be also necessary, so that a sharper piece of analysis may extend the domain of validity of formal results.
Professionally speaking, therefore, analysts push the envelope of techniques, and expand the meaning of well-behaved for a given context. G. H. Hardy wrote that "The problem of deciding whether two given limit operations are commutative is one of the most important in mathematics". An opinion apparently not in favour of the piece-wise approach, but of leaving analysis at the level of heuristic, was that of Richard Courant.
Examples
Examples abound, one of the simplest being that for a double sequence am,n: it is not necessarily the case that the operations of taking the limits as m → ∞ and as n → ∞ can be freely interchanged. For example take
am,n = 2m − n
in which taking the limit first with respect to n gives 0, and with respect to m gives ∞.
Many of the fundamental results of infinitesimal calculus also fall into this category: the symmetry of partial derivatives, differentiation under the integral sign, and Fubini's theorem deal with the interchange of differentiation and integration operators.
One of the major reasons why the Lebesgue integral is used is that theorems exist, such as the dominated convergence theorem, that give sufficient conditions under which integration and limit operation can be interchanged. Necessary and sufficient conditions for this interchange were discovered by Federico Cafiero.
List of related theorems
Interchange of limits:
Moore-Osgood theorem
Interchange of limit and infinite summation:
Tannery's theorem
Interchange of partial derivatives:
Schwarz's theorem
Interchange of integrals:
Fubini's theorem
Interchange of limit and integral:
Dominated convergence theorem
Vitali convergence theorem
Fichera convergence theorem
Cafiero convergence theorem
Fatou's lemma
Monotone convergence theorem for integrals (Beppo Levi's lemma)
Interchange of derivative and integral:
Leibniz integral rule
See also
Iterated limit
Uniform convergence
Notes
Mathematical analysis
Limits (mathematics) | 0.769058 |
Serhiy Volodymyrovych Varlamov (; born July 21, 1978) is a Ukrainian former professional ice hockey player. He played for the Calgary Flames and St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Playing career
Varlamov came to North America to play junior hockey with the Swift Current Broncos of the Western Hockey League (WHL). In 1998, he won the Bob Clarke Trophy as the WHL's top scorer with 119 points. He was also named the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy winner as the league's player of the year, and won the CHL Player of the Year award. He signed with the Calgary Flames as a free agent in 1996 and spent three seasons in the Flames system from 1999 until 2001 when he was traded to the St. Louis Blues. After spending a year in the Vancouver Canucks organization, Varlamov signed with Ak Bars Kazan of the Russian Super League in 2004 and has also played with HC Sibir Novosibirsk, Severstal Cherepovets, SKA Saint Petersburg and HC Dinamo Minsk.
International play
Internationally, Varlamov played with the Ukraine men's national ice hockey team at the 2002 Winter Olympics and at three World Championships: 2000, 2004 and 2005.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards and achievements
Named to the WHL East First All-Star Team in 1998
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
Ice hockey people from Kyiv
Ak Bars Kazan players
Calgary Flames players
Expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
HC Budivelnyk players
HC Dinamo Minsk players
HC Donbass players
HC Sibir Novosibirsk players
Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Manitoba Moose players
Olympic ice hockey players for Ukraine
Saint John Flames players
Severstal Cherepovets players
SKA Saint Petersburg players
Sokil Kyiv players
St. Louis Blues players
Swift Current Broncos players
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Ukrainian ice hockey left wingers
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Worcester IceCats players | 0.846773 |
The Central Beskidian Piedmont () is a geographical region in southeastern Poland. It lies north of the Central Beskids, and belongs to the Outer Eastern Carpathians, representing the northernmost region of the Carpathians.
Subdivision
The Central Beskidian Piedmont consists of:
Rożnów Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Rożnowskie)
Ciężkowice Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Ciężkowickie)
Strzyżów Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Strzyżowskie)
Dynów Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Dynowskie)
Przemyśl Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Przemyskie)
Gorlice Depression (PL: Obniżenie Gorlickie)
Jasło-Krosno Basin (PL: Kotlina Jasielsko-Krośnieńska)
Jasło Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Jasielskie)
Bukowsko Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Bukowskie)
See also
Outer Eastern Carpathians
Outer Subcarpathian regions
References
Mountain ranges of Poland
Mountain ranges of the Eastern Carpathians | 0.975462 |
Poplarville is an unincorporated community in northern Manitoba, Canada. It is located approximately north of Winnipeg adjacent to Poplar River Indian Reserve No. 16 on the east shore of Lake Winnipeg.
References
Unincorporated communities in Northern Region, Manitoba | 0.186968 |
Chamba is a village in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 34°2'0N 73°6'0E with an altitude of 725 metres (2381 feet).
References
Populated places in Abbottabad District | 0.09964 |
Domenico Balestrieri (1714–1780) was an Italian scholar, writer and poet. He gained his fame as an author of "dialectal" works in Milanese language, for which he is considered one of the classics of Milanese literature. Baestrieri's work was a major inspiration source for later Milanese writers such as Carlo Porta.
Biography
Domenico Balestrieri was born in Milan on April 16, 1714. On 10 October 1747 he married Rosalia Casati. He died on June 11, 1780. Balestrieri was an important figure of Enlightenment Milan and a founding member of the Accademia dei Trasformati. He was a close friend of Carlo Imbonati and Giuseppe Parini, who commemorated his death in a sonnet entitled In morte di Domenico Balestrieri.
Balestrieri wrote poems both in Milanese dialect and Italian. His main works are the Rimm milanes de Meneghin Balestreri Accademech Trasformae (1744) and Rime toscane e milanesi (1774–9). He also translated Torquato Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered into Milanese (Milan, 1773). There were two characteristics of the translation: it was a parody of the original work, yet it also treated the poem seriously, particularly on themes of religion or pastoral love. Balestrieri's poetry collection Lagrime in morte di un gatto (1741), included contributions from Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti and the brothers Carlo and Gasparo Gozzi.
Works
La Gerusalemme liberata travestita in lingua milanese a sua Eccellenza Carlo conte, e signore De Firmian. In Milano: appresso Gio. Batista Bianchi regio stampatore, 1772 in folio; in 8: vol. 1, 2, 3, 4
Rime toscane, e milanesi, 6 voll. In Milano: appresso Giambattista Bianchi regio stampatore, 1774-1779 voll. 1-3; voll. 4-6
Notes
Sources
People from Milan
Western Lombard language
Italian poets
Italian male poets
Writers from Milan
Culture in Milan
1714 births
1780 deaths | 0.956161 |
Paulo Roberto Figueiredo de Oliveira, better known as Paulinho Boca de Cantor (born June 28, 1946, Santa Inês, Bahia, Brazil), is a Brazilian singer and composer. He was a founding member of the band Novos Baianos, and performed with them from 1969 to 1979.
Career
Novos Baianos
Boca de Cantor began as the lead singer of the group Orquesta Avanço that formed in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil in the interior of Bahia. In 1969 he founded the band, Novos Baianos, alongside Pepeu Gomes, Baby Consuelo, Luiz Galvão, and Moraes Moreira. He was one of the principal composers of the group along with Luiz Galvão. As a member of Novos Baianos, he released 10 studio albums, including Acabou Chorare, which has been considered to be the best Brazilian album of all time. In 1976 he released the Trio Elétrico dos Novos Baianos. This marked the first time vocals had been included in an electric trio and influenced the format of the genre since vocals became a staple thereafter. He began his solo career in 1979 with the disbanding of Novos Baianos.
Solo career
He released his first solo album, Paulinho Boca de Cantor - Bom de Chinfra e Bom de Amor, in 1979 and featured collaboration with Gilberto Gil and Luiz Galvão on the track “Que bom prato é vatapá”. 1981 marked one of the high points of his solo career with the release of Valeu, one of the best selling independent albums in Brazilian history. In 1983, he played in Rome in the show Bahia de Todos os Sambas, alongside Gal Costa, Caetano Veloso, and João Gilberto. In the following years he signed a contract with EMI and recorded three albums.
He founded Associação Bahiana de Artistas Independentes (Bahian Association of Independent Artists, ABAI). In 1997 he reunited with Novos Baianos and released the disc Infinito Circular on the label Som Livre. The same year also featured live shows with the band including, "Noite Brasileira" in the Montreux Jazz Festival in Montreux, Switzerland. In 2000, he became a researcher of the history of Brazilian Music, and in 2008 recorded a special for .
References
Living people
1946 births
Musicians from Salvador, Bahia
Brazilian male singer-songwriters
Brazilian singer-songwriters | 0.991903 |
Brigadier Dollard Ménard (7 March 1913 – 14 January 1997) was a senior officer in the Canadian Army. As a lieutenant colonel, he was wounded five times during the Dieppe Raid in 1942 while leading Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal. His story inspired a famous Canadian World War II poster Ce qu’il faut pour vaincre (What it takes to win). He was later made a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order. Since all of the other commanding officers were either killed or captured, he was the only commanding officer who had landed at Dieppe to return to Britain after the raid.
Military career
Upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada, student # 2290 in 1932, he received his lieutenant's commission in 1936 in the Royal 22e Régiment ("the Van Doos"). He served in India in the infantry, the cavalry and the tanks from 1938 to 1940 and took part in the Waziristan campaign. In March 1940, he was promoted to captain and joined the staff of the Inspector General for the East of Canada.
He was commanding officer of the East Sector of Quebec, which included amongst others Camp Valcartier from 1958 to 1962. He insisted that all units under his command with a francophone majority use French for drill and parade orders.
He was posted to Army Headquarters, Ottawa, in 1962, to work with Major-General Arthur Wrinch, who was Major-General Survival. He remained at Army Headquarters until he retired in 1965.
Later life
In 1994, he was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec. His citation for the Order of the Army reads:
Aged 83, Ménard died on 14 January 1997.
Medals for sale
In 2005, a member of his family put his medals up for auction. This raised considerable media attention due to the risk of the medals being purchased by non-Canadians. Quebec philanthropist Ivonis Mazzarolo paid $40,000 to keep the medals in Canada. http://northernblue.ca/mblog/index.php?url=http://northernblue.ca/mblog/archives/19-General-Dollard-Menards-Medals-Go-to-Les-Fusiliers-Mont-Royal.html&serendipity%5Bcview%5D=linear
References
Books
4237 Dr. Adrian Preston & Peter Dennis (Edited) "Swords and Covenants" Rowman And Littlefield, London. Croom Helm. 1976.
H16511 Dr. Richard Arthur Preston "To Serve Canada: A History of the Royal Military College of Canada" 1997 Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1969.
H16511 Dr. Richard Arthur Preston "Canada's RMC – A History of Royal Military College" Second Edition 1982
H16511 Dr. Richard Preston "R.M.C. and Kingston: The effect of imperial and military influences on a Canadian community" 1968 Kingston, Ontario.
H1877 R. Guy C. Smith (editor) "As You Were! Ex-Cadets Remember". In 2 Volumes. Volume I: 1876–1918. Volume II: 1919–1984. RMC. Kingston, Ontario. The R.M.C. Club of Canada. 1984
Le Général Dollard Ménard, De Dieppe au Référendum, By Pierre Vennat, Éditions Art Global, 340 pages. 2004
External links
Dollard Ménard E-Veritas
1913 births
1997 deaths
Canadian generals
Grand Officers of the National Order of Quebec
Canadian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Royal Military College of Canada alumni
Université Laval alumni
Canadian Army personnel of World War II
Royal 22nd Regiment officers
Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal officers | 0.922942 |
Roush Racing: Driver X was a television show on the Discovery Channel that documented the selection of NASCAR drivers for Roush Racing. During occasional years, Jack Roush, the owner of Roush Racing, auditioned drivers from around the world to hire a driver in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. This audition was informally known as The Gong Show. In 2005, the Discovery Channel decided to film and air these tests as Roush Racing: Driver X. The show aired every Monday at 7:00 p.m. EST and at 11:00 p.m. EST/6:00 p.m. CST and at 10:00 p.m. CST on the Discovery Channel.
Roush Racing: Driver X was produced for Discovery Channel by Brainbox Entertainment.
Background
For many years, Roush Racing recruited its developmental drivers through an elimination style of testing entitled The Gong Show. The first competition was held in 1985 for Roush's road racing program. The first combine for the stock car program was held in 1999. The process would begin when Roush solicited applications from thousands of drivers from all levels or racing. They would then put through a series of tests, gauging not only driving skills, but also public relations talent and personality traits. Eventually, the field would be narrowed down to an elite group who are allowed to race Roush vehicles, often Truck Series vehicles, in an attempt to assess driving ability. Those with the fastest times progress, and ultimately the best drivers are awarded with a contract to drive for Roush in the Truck Series or Busch Series (now Xfinity Series). Winners of the program include Kurt Busch, Carl Edwards and David Ragan.
The term "Gong Show" comes from the 1970s talent show spoof "The Gong Show."
2005 competition
In 2005, the process was documented in the Discovery Channel television series Roush Racing: Driver X, which followed the stories of those involved in the 2005 Gong Show.
Drivers
Results and other development deals
The 2005 winner was Erik Darnell, who won a full-time ride in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series for Roush Racing in the #99 Ford F-150. He scored two wins over three Truck Series seasons with Roush, and would later run seven races in the Cup Series for fellow Ford team Yates Racing in 2009. David Ragan drove a limited number of races in the #6 Ford F-150 in 2006. He earned two Cup Series victories with Roush and Front Row Motorsports before retiring at the end of the 2019 season. Danny O'Quinn won a ride in the #50 World Financial Group Ford Fusion for Roush in the next level up in NASCAR, the Busch Series.
Pete Shepherd was signed to a driver development deal with Roush Racing, running in the ARCA RE/MAX Series in 2006. Also, Matt McCall signed with Yates Racing (then known as Robert Yates Racing) after the show concluded to co-pilot the #90 Ford in the NASCAR Busch Series for 2006. He is currently a crew chief for Chip Ganassi Racing. In 2008, Justin Allgaier won the ARCA Series Championship, and signed a deal to race for Penske Racing in the Nationwide Series (formerly the Busch Series). He went on to get his first win in 2010, and later competed for HScott Motorsports in the Cup Series; he currently races for JR Motorsports in the now-Xfinity Series.
Previous Gong Show winners
References
External links
Roush Racing website
2000s American reality television series
2005 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
2005 in NASCAR
American sports television series
NASCAR Truck Series
Discovery Channel original programming
NASCAR on television | 0.821046 |
Black Pete could refer to one of the following characters in fiction:
Zwarte Piet, a character in folklore of Sinterklaas, in the Low Countries and parts of the Dutch Caribbean
Pete (Disney), a Disney character and nemesis of Mickey Mouse
pl:Czarny Piotruś | 0.6831 |
Tomek Wilmowski is a series of nine youth adventure novels written by Polish author Alfred Szklarski. The series was published from 1957 to 1994.
The title character, young traveler Tomek Wilmowski is the main protagonist of the novels. The books are stories about his adventures in different countries of the world. They are set in the beginning of 20th century. The other characters of the novels are Tomek's father Andrzej Wilmowski (geographer), sailor and comic relief of books Tadeusz Nowicki, mysterious traveller and animal hunter Jan Smuga, Australian friend and later Tomek's wife Sally Allan, his cousin Zbigniew Karski and his Russian wife Natasha. Tomek and his friends are Polish emigrants who must flee from the country under Russian occupation.
The books contain much geographical, historical, cultural and biological knowledge as well as humour and entertainment which is aimed at adolescents and young adults.
The series
1. Tomek in the land of the kangaroos (Tomek w krainie kangurów), 1957
First adventure of Tomek in Australia.
2. Tomek on the Black Continent (Tomek na Czarnym Lądzie), 1958
Tomek and his friends travel to Kenya and Uganda, where the heroes want to catch wild animals for a zoological garden.
3. Tomek on the warpath (Tomek na wojennej ścieżce), 1959
Vacation of Tomek in the United States, where his friend Sally is staying and where she was kidnapped by Native Americans.
4. Tomek traces the Yeti (Tomek na tropach Yeti), 1961
Tomek and his father and friend are seeking the traveller Jan Smuga, who was lost in Tibet.
5. Tomek's secret expedition (Tajemnicza wyprawa Tomka), 1963
Tomek and his friend save Tomek's cousin, Zbigniew from Russian captivity.
6. Tomek among the headhunters (Tomek wśród łowców głów), 1965
Tomek and his friends travel to Papua New Guinea.
7. Tomek at the source of the Amazon (Tomek u źródeł Amazonki), 1967
Tomek and his friends save Jan Smuga, who is being held captive by an indigenous tribe in Brazil and chase the murderers of the owner of a plantation.
8. Tomek in Gran Chaco (Tomek w Gran Chaco), 1987
Tomek's further adventures in South America.
9. Tomek in the Pharaohs' tombs (Tomek w grobowcach faraonów), 1994
Tomek and his friends travel to Egypt.
References
Young adult novels
Polish novels
20th-century Polish novels
Polish children's novels
Series of children's books
Children's books set in the 20th century
Children's books set in Australia
Children's books set in Kenya
Children's books set in Uganda
Children's books set in the United States
Children's books set in Tibet
Children's books set in Papua New Guinea
Children's books set in Brazil
Children's books set in Egypt
Children's books set in South America | 0.957846 |
Will Liu (; born 7 October 1972) is a Taiwanese singer, dancer and composer.
Background
He is well known for his album Caihong Tiantang (彩虹天堂; "Rainbow Heaven") and is known as good friends with Taiwanese artists Jay Chou and Show Lo.
Liu's second album: City of Angels (天使之城) was released on 18 May 2007. There are 11 new songs including "幸福的距离" in this album. Almost all the songs are written by him personally.
Liu appeared in the movie Initial D (頭文字D, 23 June 2005), playing a minor role as an obnoxious professional racer, complete with outlandish dreadlocks, who picks and loses a street race with the protagonist, played by Jay Chou. He went on to land a major role in the movie Kung Fu Dunk, again as an enemy of Jay Chou's character – specifically, as the captain of a basketball team that wins games with all sorts of foul play.
Liu was formerly part of a Taiwanese boy band called "SBDW". He enjoys playing basketball and weight training.
Liu is a devout Christian and a member of the New Life Church, a Charismatic Christian church in Taipei, Taiwan. Taiwanese tabloids have reported his evangelical outreaches to other figures in the Taiwan show business, including A-Mei, Jay Chou, and F.I.R.
Liu is currently working on a new album to be released later in 2010. It will feature songs from Jay Chou, Wing, Transition(U.K), and JJ Lin.
Filmography
Films
Scandals (2013)
Zombie-108 (2012)
Common Heroes (2012)
True Legend (2010)
The Treasure Hunter (2009)
Kung Fu Dunk (2008)
Initial D (2005)
Unbeatable (2013)
Television
The Biggest Loser (2013)
Pandamen (2010)
Sonic Youth (2002)
Meteor Garden 2 (2002)
Poor Prince Taro (2001)
References
External links
Wretch Blog
1972 births
Living people
Taiwanese male film actors
Taiwanese singer-songwriters
Taiwanese male singer-songwriters
Taiwanese Christians
Taiwanese Charismatics
Taiwanese male television actors
Male actors from Kaohsiung
21st-century Taiwanese male actors
Musicians from Kaohsiung
Writers from Kaohsiung
21st-century Taiwanese male singers | 0.770023 |
A shell stitch (or fan stitch) is a crochet motif often used as a border around other patterns or in staggered rows to create a distinctive fabric pattern. Shell stitches take the shape of arcs and semicircles, hence the name. Shell stitches are often used as edging for crocheted items such as Afghan blankets and sweaters.
Construction
The basic method of producing shell stitches is to anchor several long stitches into the same base, anchoring both ends with short stitches in a manner that spreads out the cluster like a fan. Although many variations are possible, a basic shell stitch in United States terminology would be single crochet, skip two, five double crochets into previous single crochet, skip two, then single crochet into middle double crochet. In abbreviated terminology, it would read 5 dcs into previous sc, sk 2 dcs, sc into middle dc. Variant patterns may use longer stitches such as triple crochet, may vary the number of stitches, or alter the anchoring method.
Shell stitch borders can be worked around any regular pattern. The visual effect of a shell stitch border may be enhanced by working a single or half double crochet in a contrasting color into the base row and over the shells. When the entire fabric consists of shell stitches the visual effect may be enhanced by alternating two or three different colors; one for each row.
Fan stitch
Fan stitch is closely related to shell stitch. We may define a "shell" as five crochet stitches (usually double crochets) done into a single stitch, whereas a "fan" is two such stitches, followed by a chain and two more such stitches. Fan stitch crochet also differs in that the fans are generally stacked on top of one another, with each fan being done into the middle chain of the fan in the previous row, which splits the previous fan into two symmetrical parts. For comparison, shells are not split and, in solid shell stitch, are half-staggered; each shell is done into the single crochet between the shells of the previous row.
Notes
References
Thérèse de Dilmont, Encyclopedia of Needlework, Project Gutenberg archives.
Edie Eckman, The Crochet Answer Book, North Adams, Massachesetts: Storey Publishing, 2005.
Debbie Stoller, Stitch 'N Bitch Crochet: The Happy Hooker New York: Workman Publishing, 2006.
External links
Shell stitch patterns and variations
Crochet
Stitches (textile arts) | 0.964774 |
In number theory, Euler's totient function counts the positive integers up to a given integer that are relatively prime to . It is written using the Greek letter phi as or , and may also be called Euler's phi function. In other words, it is the number of integers in the range for which the greatest common divisor is equal to 1. The integers of this form are sometimes referred to as totatives of .
For example, the totatives of are the six numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8. They are all relatively prime to 9, but the other three numbers in this range, 3, 6, and 9 are not, since and . Therefore, . As another example, since for the only integer in the range from 1 to is 1 itself, and .
Euler's totient function is a multiplicative function, meaning that if two numbers and are relatively prime, then .
This function gives the order of the multiplicative group of integers modulo (the group of units of the ring ). It is also used for defining the RSA encryption system.
History, terminology, and notation
Leonhard Euler introduced the function in 1763. However, he did not at that time choose any specific symbol to denote it. In a 1784 publication, Euler studied the function further, choosing the Greek letter to denote it: he wrote for "the multitude of numbers less than , and which have no common divisor with it". This definition varies from the current definition for the totient function at but is otherwise the same. The now-standard notation comes from Gauss's 1801 treatise Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, although Gauss did not use parentheses around the argument and wrote . Thus, it is often called Euler's phi function or simply the phi function.
In 1879, J. J. Sylvester coined the term totient for this function, so it is also referred to as Euler's totient function, the Euler totient, or Euler's totient. Jordan's totient is a generalization of Euler's.
The cototient of is defined as . It counts the number of positive integers less than or equal to that have at least one prime factor in common with .
Computing Euler's totient function
There are several formulae for computing .
Euler's product formula
It states
where the product is over the distinct prime numbers dividing . (For notation, see Arithmetical function.)
An equivalent formulation is
where is the prime factorization of (that is, are distinct prime numbers).
The proof of these formulae depends on two important facts.
Phi is a multiplicative function
This means that if , then . Proof outline: Let , , be the sets of positive integers which are coprime to and less than , , , respectively, so that , etc. Then there is a bijection between and by the Chinese remainder theorem.
Value of phi for a prime power argument
If is prime and , then
Proof: Since is a prime number, the only possible values of are , and the only way to have is if is a multiple of , that is, , and there are such multiples not greater than . Therefore, the other numbers are all relatively prime to .
Proof of Euler's product formula
The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that if there is a unique expression where are prime numbers and each . (The case corresponds to the empty product.) Repeatedly using the multiplicative property of and the formula for gives
This gives both versions of Euler's product formula.
An alternative proof that does not require the multiplicative property instead uses the inclusion-exclusion principle applied to the set , excluding the sets of integers divisible by the prime divisors.
Example
In words: the distinct prime factors of 20 are 2 and 5; half of the twenty integers from 1 to 20 are divisible by 2, leaving ten; a fifth of those are divisible by 5, leaving eight numbers coprime to 20; these are: 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 19.
The alternative formula uses only integers:
Fourier transform
The totient is the discrete Fourier transform of the gcd, evaluated at 1. Let
where for . Then
The real part of this formula is
For example, using and :Unlike the Euler product and the divisor sum formula, this one does not require knowing the factors of . However, it does involve the calculation of the greatest common divisor of and every positive integer less than , which suffices to provide the factorization anyway.
Divisor sum
The property established by Gauss, that
where the sum is over all positive divisors of , can be proven in several ways. (See Arithmetical function for notational conventions.)
One proof is to note that is also equal to the number of possible generators of the cyclic group ; specifically, if with , then is a generator for every coprime to . Since every element of generates a cyclic subgroup, and all subgroups are generated by precisely elements of , the formula follows. Equivalently, the formula can be derived by the same argument applied to the multiplicative group of the th roots of unity and the primitive th roots of unity.
The formula can also be derived from elementary arithmetic. For example, let and consider the positive fractions up to 1 with denominator 20:
Put them into lowest terms:
These twenty fractions are all the positive ≤ 1 whose denominators are the divisors . The fractions with 20 as denominator are those with numerators relatively prime to 20, namely , , , , , , , ; by definition this is fractions. Similarly, there are fractions with denominator 10, and fractions with denominator 5, etc. Thus the set of twenty fractions is split into subsets of size for each dividing 20. A similar argument applies for any n.
Möbius inversion applied to the divisor sum formula gives
where is the Möbius function, the multiplicative function defined by and for each prime and . This formula may also be derived from the product formula by multiplying out to get
An example:
Some values
The first 100 values are shown in the table and graph below:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right"
|+ for
! +
! 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || 10
|-
! 0
| 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 4 || 2 || 6 || 4 || 6 || 4
|-
! 10
| 10 || 4 || 12 || 6 || 8 || 8 || 16 || 6 || 18 || 8
|-
! 20
| 12 || 10 || 22 || 8 || 20 || 12 || 18 || 12 || 28 || 8
|-
! 30
| 30 || 16 || 20 || 16 || 24 || 12 || 36 || 18 || 24 || 16
|-
! 40
| 40 || 12 || 42 || 20 || 24 || 22 || 46 || 16 || 42 || 20
|-
! 50
| 32 || 24 || 52 || 18 || 40 || 24 || 36 || 28 || 58 || 16
|-
! 60
| 60 || 30 || 36 || 32 || 48 || 20 || 66 || 32 || 44 || 24
|-
! 70
| 70 || 24 || 72 || 36 || 40 || 36 || 60 || 24 || 78 || 32
|-
! 80
| 54 || 40 || 82 || 24 || 64 || 42 || 56 || 40 || 88 || 24
|-
! 90
| 72 || 44 || 60 || 46 || 72 || 32 || 96 || 42 || 60 || 40
|}
In the graph at right the top line is an upper bound valid for all other than one, and attained if and only if is a prime number. A simple lower bound is , which is rather loose: in fact, the lower limit of the graph is proportional to .
Euler's theorem
This states that if and are relatively prime then
The special case where is prime is known as Fermat's little theorem.
This follows from Lagrange's theorem and the fact that is the order of the multiplicative group of integers modulo .
The RSA cryptosystem is based on this theorem: it implies that the inverse of the function , where is the (public) encryption exponent, is the function , where , the (private) decryption exponent, is the multiplicative inverse of modulo . The difficulty of computing without knowing the factorization of is thus the difficulty of computing : this is known as the RSA problem which can be solved by factoring . The owner of the private key knows the factorization, since an RSA private key is constructed by choosing as the product of two (randomly chosen) large primes and . Only is publicly disclosed, and given the difficulty to factor large numbers we have the guarantee that no one else knows the factorization.
Other formulae
In particular:
Compare this to the formula (see least common multiple).
is even for . Moreover, if has distinct odd prime factors,
For any and such that there exists an such that .
where is the radical of (the product of all distinct primes dividing ).
( cited in)
(where is the Euler–Mascheroni constant).
where is a positive integer and is the number of distinct prime factors of .
Menon's identity
In 1965 P. Kesava Menon proved
where is the number of divisors of .
Generating functions
The Dirichlet series for may be written in terms of the Riemann zeta function as:
where the left-hand side converges for .
The Lambert series generating function is
which converges for .
Both of these are proved by elementary series manipulations and the formulae for .
Growth rate
In the words of Hardy & Wright, the order of is "always 'nearly '."
First
but as n goes to infinity, for all
These two formulae can be proved by using little more than the formulae for and the divisor sum function .
In fact, during the proof of the second formula, the inequality
true for , is proved.
We also have
Here is Euler's constant, , so and .
Proving this does not quite require the prime number theorem. Since goes to infinity, this formula shows that
In fact, more is true.
and
The second inequality was shown by Jean-Louis Nicolas. Ribenboim says "The method of proof is interesting, in that the inequality is shown first under the assumption that the Riemann hypothesis is true, secondly under the contrary assumption."
For the average order, we have
due to Arnold Walfisz, its proof exploiting estimates on exponential sums due to I. M. Vinogradov and N. M. Korobov.
By a combination of van der Corput's and Vinogradov's methods, H.-Q. Liu (On Euler's function.Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 146 (2016), no. 4, 769–775)
improved the error term to
(this is currently the best known estimate of this type). The "Big " stands for a quantity that is bounded by a constant times the function of inside the parentheses (which is small compared to ).
This result can be used to prove that the probability of two randomly chosen numbers being relatively prime is .
Ratio of consecutive values
In 1950 Somayajulu proved
In 1954 Schinzel and Sierpiński strengthened this, proving that the set
is dense in the positive real numbers. They also proved that the set
is dense in the interval (0,1).
Totient numbers
A totient number is a value of Euler's totient function: that is, an for which there is at least one for which . The valency or multiplicity of a totient number is the number of solutions to this equation. A nontotient is a natural number which is not a totient number. Every odd integer exceeding 1 is trivially a nontotient. There are also infinitely many even nontotients, and indeed every positive integer has a multiple which is an even nontotient.
The number of totient numbers up to a given limit is
for a constant .
If counted accordingly to multiplicity, the number of totient numbers up to a given limit is
where the error term is of order at most for any positive .
It is known that the multiplicity of exceeds infinitely often for any .
Ford's theorem
proved that for every integer there is a totient number of multiplicity : that is, for which the equation has exactly solutions; this result had previously been conjectured by Wacław Sierpiński, and it had been obtained as a consequence of Schinzel's hypothesis H. Indeed, each multiplicity that occurs, does so infinitely often.
However, no number is known with multiplicity . Carmichael's totient function conjecture is the statement that there is no such .
Perfect totient numbers
A perfect totient number is an integer that is equal to the sum of its iterated totients. That is, we apply the totient function to a number n, apply it again to the resulting totient, and so on, until the number 1 is reached, and add together the resulting sequence of numbers; if the sum equals n, then n is a perfect totient number.
Applications
Cyclotomy
In the last section of the Disquisitiones Gauss proves that a regular -gon can be constructed with straightedge and compass if is a power of 2. If is a power of an odd prime number the formula for the totient says its totient can be a power of two only if is a first power and is a power of 2. The primes that are one more than a power of 2 are called Fermat primes, and only five are known: 3, 5, 17, 257, and 65537. Fermat and Gauss knew of these. Nobody has been able to prove whether there are any more.
Thus, a regular -gon has a straightedge-and-compass construction if n is a product of distinct Fermat primes and any power of 2. The first few such are
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 20, 24, 30, 32, 34, 40,... .
Prime number theorem for arithmetic progressions
The RSA cryptosystem
Setting up an RSA system involves choosing large prime numbers and , computing and , and finding two numbers and such that . The numbers and (the "encryption key") are released to the public, and (the "decryption key") is kept private.
A message, represented by an integer , where , is encrypted by computing .
It is decrypted by computing . Euler's Theorem can be used to show that if , then .
The security of an RSA system would be compromised if the number could be efficiently factored or if could be efficiently computed without factoring .
Unsolved problems
Lehmer's conjecture
If is prime, then . In 1932 D. H. Lehmer asked if there are any composite numbers such that divides . None are known.
In 1933 he proved that if any such exists, it must be odd, square-free, and divisible by at least seven primes (i.e. ). In 1980 Cohen and Hagis proved that and that . Further, Hagis showed that if 3 divides then and .
Carmichael's conjecture
This states that there is no number with the property that for all other numbers , , . See Ford's theorem above.
As stated in the main article, if there is a single counterexample to this conjecture, there must be infinitely many counterexamples, and the smallest one has at least ten billion digits in base 10.
Riemann hypothesis
The Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality
is true for all where is Euler's constant and is the product of the first primes.
See also
Carmichael function
Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture
Generalizations of Fermat's little theorem
Highly composite number
Multiplicative group of integers modulo
Ramanujan sum
Totient summatory function
Dedekind psi function
Notes
References
The Disquisitiones Arithmeticae has been translated from Latin into English and German. The German edition includes all of Gauss' papers on number theory: all the proofs of quadratic reciprocity, the determination of the sign of the Gauss sum, the investigations into biquadratic reciprocity, and unpublished notes.
References to the Disquisitiones are of the form Gauss, DA, art. nnn.
. See paragraph 24.3.2.
Dickson, Leonard Eugene, "History Of The Theory Of Numbers", vol 1, chapter 5 "Euler's Function, Generalizations; Farey Series", Chelsea Publishing 1952
.
.
External links
Euler's Phi Function and the Chinese Remainder Theorem — proof that is multiplicative
Euler's totient function calculator in JavaScript — up to 20 digits
Dineva, Rosica, The Euler Totient, the Möbius, and the Divisor Functions
Plytage, Loomis, Polhill Summing Up The Euler Phi Function
Modular arithmetic
Multiplicative functions
Articles containing proofs
Algebra
Number theory
Leonhard Euler | 0.782027 |
Léon Huybrechts (11 February 1876 – 9 February 1956) was a Belgian sailor and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, where he won a gold medal in the French National Monotype 1924. He won silver medals in the 6 m class in 1908 and 1920.
References
External links
Profile at The Olympic Medallists
1876 births
1956 deaths
Belgian male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1908 Summer Olympics – 6 Metre
Sailors at the 1920 Summer Olympics – 6 Metre
Sailors at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Monotype
Sailors at the 1924 Summer Olympics – 6 Metre
Sailors at the 1928 Summer Olympics – 12' Dinghy
Olympic sailors for Belgium
Olympic gold medalists for Belgium
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Belgium
20th-century Belgian people | 0.777171 |
A serving channel (sometimes called a depot channel) is a slang term for a file sharing channel found on an IRC network. Here, users can share and download files including photos, videos, audio files, books, programs, etc. Users that are actively sharing their files are generally referred to as 'servers', whereas users that download without sharing their own files are generally referred to as 'leeches'. While serving normally implies pirated or questionable material, some channels are used for fully legitimate reasons. There are two styles of servers, Fserves, and serving scripts like OmenServe.
Fserve type channels
Using an Fserve script, a server is set up like an FTP. Using CTCP commands and server triggers, a user can initiate a connection with the server. Once connected, the user will be given access to a server's file archive.
ex.: "/CTCP <username> <trigger>"
Searching and requesting with Fserves
Once a leech has gained access to a server's Fserve, they can navigate through folders using commands similar to DOS. Once inside a folder, the user is able to retrieve a listing of what files are found there.
ex.: "cd <foldername>" & "dir" (to display files)
To request a file, the user enters a filename from the folder display listing, along with the "get" command.
ex.: "get <filename.ext>"
Serving script type channels
Using a serving script, servers have the ability to send files directly to another user using remote commands. The serving script compiles a listing of available files, and also listens for a leech to request a file. Serving scripts also allow for a user to search all of the servers in a channel at the same time with a single command.
Searching and requesting with serving scripts
A user initiates a search by typing a 'search command' followed by a 'search string' within the channel window. Various search commands exist, including '@find', '@search', and '@seek', depending on what serving script is being used. Wildcard characters such as * can also be used in the search string to simplify a search. The search command will then return a list of files to the user's query window if any servers have a file that matches the search string.
ex.: "@find <keyword>"
If there are any matches for the user's search string, the next step is to request those files from the server. The user can copy and paste the returned match, along with a short trigger command, from the query window directly into the channel window. The request is then placed in a file queue within the serving script, and downloaded on a first-come, first-served basis.
ex.: "!<username> <filename.ext>"
Users also have the ability to download the complete archive of a server's available files, commonly called a "list" due to the .txt format that the script's output code creates. To request a server's list, there is a separate 'list trigger' used.
ex.: "@<username>"
See also
DCC
XDCC
File sharing
Peer-to-peer
Peer-to-peer file sharing
Internet Relay Chat
File sharing
Warez
Internet terminology | 0.330922 |
Subsets and Splits