original passage: Although the First Amendment does not explicitly mention freedom of association, the Supreme Court ruled, in "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama" (1958), that this freedom was protected by the Amendment and that privacy of membership was an essential part of this freedom. The U.S. Supreme Court decided in "Roberts v. United States Jaycees" (1984) that "implicit in the right to engage in activities protected by the First Amendment" is "a corresponding right to associate with others in pursuit of a wide variety of political, social, economic, educational, religious, and cultural ends". In "Roberts" the Court held that associations may not exclude people for reasons unrelated to the group's expression, such as gender.
original sentence: In "Roberts" the Court held that associations may not exclude people for reasons unrelated to the group's expression, such as gender.
sentence2: Under the Roberts decision, could a gentlemen-only social club continue to function only if the group had managed to put together a carefully worded mission statement that (while effectively excluding women) made it clear that the group had some other purpose and identity aside from just being a place for men to come together?
sentence1: Although the First Amendment does not explicitly mention freedom of association, the Supreme Court ruled, in "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama" (1958), that this freedom was protected by the Amendment and that privacy of membership was an essential part of this freedom. The U.S. Supreme Court decided in "Roberts v. United States Jaycees" (1984) that "implicit in the right to engage in activities protected by the First Amendment" is "a corresponding right to associate with others in pursuit of a wide variety of political, social, economic, educational, religious, and cultural ends". In "Roberts" the Court held that associations may exclude people for reasons such as gender, so long as these reasons were fully unrelated to the group's expression.