Datasets:

martalorau
/

FRAx4

 pretty_name: SegmentingFranceAcrossFourCenturies
 size_categories:
 - 10K<n<100K
+---
+<div align="center">
+# Segmenting France Across Four Centuries
+Marta Lopez Rauhut, Hongyu Zhou, [Loic Landrieu](https://loiclandrieu.com), [Mathieu Aubry](https://mathieuaubry.github.io)
+[GitHub](https://github.com/Archiel19/MapDownload.git)
+</div>
+![Historical Map Segmentation](images/teaser.png "Semantic segmentation of historical maps of France spanning four centuries")
+Historical maps pre-date satellite imagery, offering insights into centuries of landscape transformation before the 1950s. Unlocking this information can, for example, support the development of sustainable long-term policies.
+Visually comparing maps from different eras is a complex task. Segmenting the maps into Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) classes makes it easier, but segmenting maps manually is still extremely time-consuming. That is why several works have explored training models to segment historical maps automatically. However, the lack of annotated training data remains a major limitation.
+We introduce <b>FRAx4</b>, a new dataset of historical maps tailored for analyzing long-term LULC evolution with limited annotations.
+# Description
+FRAx4 spans metropolitan France (548,305 km<sup>2</sup>) across the 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st centuries and considers four LULC segmentation classes:
+- **Map collections**
+  - Cassini
+  - État-Major
+  - SCAN50
+  - Plan IGN
+- **Segmentation classes**:
+  - *background*
+  - *forest*
+  - *buildings*
+  - *hydrography*
+  - *road*
+# Dataset content
+For each **historical** map collection:
+- 10952 historical map tiles
+- 470 historical label tiles*
+- Modern Plan IGN maps adapted to resemble the historical style:
+  - 10952 modern map tiles
+  - 10952 modern label tiles
+Additionally, `settings.json` stores the exact settings that were used to generate the dataset and `tile_extents.csv` provides the west, south, east and north coordinates of each tile.
+**Historical labels are available for a subset of map sheets, for Cassini and État-Major. Namely: Cambrai, Clermont, Dunkerque, LaonNoyon, LePuy, SaintMalo, SaintMalo2 and SaintOmer.*
+<div align="center">
+|        | Cassini<br>(Historical) | Cassini<br>(Modern) | | État-Major<br>(Historical) | État-Major<br>(Modern) | | SCAN50<br>(Historical) | SCAN50<br>(Modern) |
+|--------|:-----------------------:|:-------------------:|-|:--------------------------:|:----------------------:|-|:----------------------:|:------------------:|
+| Map    | <img src="images/cass_hist.jpeg" width="90"> | <img src="images/cass_mod.jpeg" width="90"> | | <img src="images/em_hist.jpeg" width="90"> | <img src="images/em_mod.jpeg" width="90"> | | <img src="images/scan50_hist.jpeg" width="90"> | <img src="images/scan50_mod.jpeg" width="90"> |
+| Labels | <img src="images/cass_hist_labels.jpeg" width="90"> | <img src="images/cass_mod_labels.jpeg" width="90"> | | <img src="images/em_hist_labels.jpeg" width="90"> | <img src="images/em_mod_labels.jpeg" width="90"> | | Not available | <img src="images/scan50_mod_labels.jpeg" width="90"> |
+</div>
+# Dataset structure
+    <root dir>/
+    ├─ <map collection>/
+    │  ├─ historical/
+    │  │  ├─ raster/
+    │  │  ├─ raster_labeled/
+    │  │  ├─ labels/
+    │  ├─ modern/
+    │  │  ├─ raster/
+    │  │  ├─ labels/
+    ...
+For convenience, `historical/raster_labeled/` contains a duplicate of the labeled subset of `historical/raster/`.
+# Data sources
+The dataset is built based on the map layers contained in a QGIS project. Some of these layers are served online using a known protocol (WMS/WFS/TMS...), others had to be downloaded and extracted manually before adding them to the project. We adopt the following structure to identify the map layer sources:
+> \<source url>, [\<protocol> | File] - `layer or file name` (*\<provider>*)
+Here, *File* refers to a manually downloaded and extracted layer. The annotation layer sources follow a similar format.
+## Map layers
+- **Cassini**: https://geohistoricaldata.org/geoserver/cassini-ehess/wms, WMS - `CASSINI` (*[EHESS/CRH](http://cassini.ehess.fr/), accessed through [GeoHistoricalData](https://geohistoricaldata.org)*)
+- **État-Major**: https://data.geopf.fr/wms-r/wms?VERSION=1.3.0, WMS - `GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.ETATMAJOR40` (*[IGN Géoservices](https://geoservices.ign.fr)*)
+- **SCAN50**: https://data.geopf.fr/wms-r/wms?VERSION=1.3.0, WMS - `GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.SCAN50.1950` (*[IGN Géoservices](https://geoservices.ign.fr)*)
+- **Plan IGN**: https://data.geopf.fr/tms/1.0.0/PLAN.IGN/{z}/{x}/{y}.pbf TMS - `PLAN.IGN` (*[IGN Géoservices](https://geoservices.ign.fr)*)
+## Annotation layers
+- **Cassini**: two separate sources (both accessed through *[GeoHistoricalData](https://geohistoricaldata.org)*):
+  - https://geohistoricaldata.org/geoserver/cassini-vectors/wfs
+    - WFS - `cassini-vectors:france_cassini_forets` (*[Vallauri, D. et al.](https://hal.science/hal-01267936 "Vallauri, D., Grel, A., Granier, E., Dupouey, J.L.: Les forêts de Cassini. Analyse quantitative et comparaison avec les forêts actuelles. Rapport Technique, WWF (2012)")*)
+  - https://geohistoricaldata.org/data/cassini.tar.gz (*[Perret, J. et al.](https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.48 "Perret, J., Gribaudi, M., Barthelemy, M.: Roads and cities of 18th century France. Scientific data 2(1), 1–7 (2015)."), dataset: [Perret, J. et al.](https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/28674 "Perret, J., Gribaudi, M., Barthelemy, M., Abadie, N., Baciocchi, S., Bertelli, C., Bonin, O., Bordin, P., Costes, B., Cristofoli, P., et al.: The 18th Century Cassini Roads and Cities Dataset. Harvard Dataverse 5 (2015).")*)
+    - File - `cities_and_domains`
+    - File - `hydrography_areas`
+    - File - `hydrography_network`
+    - File - `roads_clean_topology`
+  We manually corrected and completed the annotations. The final version can be found [here](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/b8se1fdi95r7029gzbbdb/cassini_gt_FRAx4.zip?rlkey=mom2rgwjrjenndqr5ztql6pp7&st=3n61xzvm&dl=0).
+- **État-Major**: https://data.geopf.fr/telechargement/download/BDCARTO-EM/<dept\>/<dept\>.7z (*[IGN Géoservices](https://geoservices.ign.fr)*)
+  - File - `C_1_2_OCS_ANCIEN_SANS_BATI`
+  - File - `C_2_1_BATIMENT`
+  - File - `B_1_TRONCON_DE_ROUTE`
+  - File - `B_3_TRONCON_DE_COURS_D_EAU`
+  The data is provided as separate archives for each department of France. The sources are listed in https://geoservices.ign.fr/bdcarto-em, but the download links follow the pattern shown above. We employed the sources that were available in April 2024.
+  We manually merged, corrected and completed the annotations, including the addition of a surface hydrology layer for our test set. The final version can be found [here](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/puuxos9s8p5gbzrz610ts/etat-major_gt_FRAx4.zip?rlkey=2ytmb86oi7t5n3hym1zc9ta3l&st=md3r1wy9&dl=0).
+- **SCAN50**: we found no annotations for these maps.
+- **Plan IGN**: annotations are derived from the vectorized map layers, by isolating the geographical features that belong to each class.
+## Map sheet mosaic
+We downloaded the map sheet vertex coordinates of the Cassini collection from the GeoHistoricalData portal. Dataset tiles are obtained by subdividing each map sheet with a minimum tile size constraint (in pixels).
+- **Cassini sheet mosaic**: https://geohistoricaldata.org/geoserver/cassini-ehess/wfs, WFS - `cassini-vectors:france_cassini_table_assemblage` (*[GeoHistoricalData](https://geohistoricaldata.org)*)
+# Citation
+Coming soon
+# Acknowledgements
+This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC project DISCOVER, number 101076028) and by ANR project sharp ANR-23-PEIA-0008 in the context of the PEPR IA. This work was also granted access to the HPC resources of IDRIS under the allocation 2024-AD011015314 made by GENCI.