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You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Example Input: Arrabbiata_sauce | country | Italy
Italy | demonym | Italians
Italy | capital | Rome
Italy | leaderName | Sergio_Mattarella
Example Output: Like Italians, Arrabbiata sauce can be found in Italy. Where the capital is Rome and Sergio Mattarella is one of the country's leaders.
Example Input: Bandeja_paisa | ingredient | Black_pudding
Example Output: Black pudding is an ingredient in Bandeja paisa.
Example Input: Malaysia | leaderName | Abdul_Halim_of_Kedah
Example Output: | The leader of Malaysia is Abdul Halim of Kedah.
| NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Sentence1: the ovaries are used in reproduction.
Sentence2: Unlike most female animals, which have two functioning ovaries, the chicken usually has only one.
ovaries
Sentence1: Mitosis is cell division.
Sentence2: mitosis often causes growth.
Mitosis
Sentence1: Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.
Sentence2: neurons transmit electrochemicals.
| Neurons
| NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Input: By Howard MustoeBusiness reporter The demand has caused concern among some suppliers about how they will pay to hire new workers and rent space. Boohoo has given them a deadline of 5 March to stop using outside labour. The company says it is acting on recommendations of a highly critical report published last year. Boohoo hired barrister Alison Levitt QC to investigate following concerns about worker welfare during the pandemic. The report, published in September, said Boohoo had "capitalised on the commercial opportunities offered by lockdown" but took no responsibility for the consequences for those making the clothes they sold. It recommended that "within six months Boohoo should reduce its approved suppliers to a list which contains a manageable number of companies, ideally without reducing capacity" with "the goal of reducing and ultimately eliminating sub-contracting." In an email to suppliers seen by the BBC, the company said all of its suppliers in the city must "bring all finished goods manufacturing in-house". It said companies without "the expertise and knowledge to run a factory" or the space must buy a manufacturing unit, or Cut, Make and Trim (CMT), as they are known. While it said those with questions about the process should contact the company, it added that the move is "a mandatory requirement and not open to negotiation." A supplier who spoke to the BBC on condition of anonymity said he was worried about jobs being lost, since the deadline is a month away and many sub-contractors are based miles away. Garment-makers in the city often farm out large orders of clothing to smaller businesses. The business is known to work on very thin margins, with each piece being made for only a few pounds. In the past factories in Leicester have been accused of paying less than the minimum wage to workers. "As we state in our letter to suppliers, the boohoo group is committed to growing our business in a more sustainable and transparent manner. Working with suppliers in a more strategic and sustainable way, is a key part of our partnership approach to improve transparency, efficiency and accountability," the company said in a statement to the BBC. "One of the key recommendations from the Alison Levitt QC review was to consolidate our supply chain. Supporting suppliers to bring their CMT units in-house shortens our supply chain and is just one of the ways that we are helping them to build stronger more sustainable businesses that can thrive." The company declined to comment on what help would be offered by Boohoo for suppliers to manage this change if they are struggling financially.
Output: | Boohoo tells suppliers not to subcontract, raising job fears | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Teacher:"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Prompt: What do you think, honey? Some of this art is pretty good, right?
Response 1: I mean, I think it would be the perfect souvenir, to take home one of these pieces.
Response 2: We only have one. Both of the teams hang out there.
Student: | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Example input: Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol | runwayName | "09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan'"
Example output: Amsterdam Airport Schipol runway name is 09/27 Buitenvelderbaan.
Example explanation: The simplest form of input is a single triple. Here the text describes the relationship in natural language.
Q: Malaysia | leaderName | Abdul_Halim_of_Kedah
A: | The leader of Malaysia is Abdul Halim of Kedah. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
--------
Question: The jobs, some of which are in the Connexions service which helps young people, are being cut due to a smaller government grant, the council said. Staff have been given formal notice of a 90-day consultation process on the service's future. Earlier this year, it was revealed 1,300 jobs were at risk while another 800 job cuts were announced in October. The council said services under review were Connexions, a service which offers advice on education and careers for young people, and other roles within the youth support service. The Children's Commissioning Team is also being reviewed. "Following the government's reduction of the area-based grant, the immediate impact of this for the children, young people and families directorate is a potential loss of £6.1m to be achieved by the end of November this year and a greater loss at the end of the financial year," a council statement said. A spokesman for the Unison union said the cuts would have an effect on young people in Birmingham. A council spokesman said the move was a response to "current financial pressures". 'Mitigate job losses' Staff are due to meet council officials on Friday. In a statement, a spokesman said: "The city is taking a structured and strategic review through our workforce planning to respond to our current financial pressures. "Through this planning framework we'll review and look to mitigate job losses where we can. "We have got a framework to control the financial situation the city council faces."
Answer: More jobs under review at Birmingham City Council
Question: By Vincent KearneyBBC NI home affairs correspondent The bill includes £300,000 a week to police a loyalist protest in north Belfast every night since an Orange Order parade was stopped on 12 July. Violence erupted then as police were attacked after they stopped marchers walking on a stretch of road separating loyalist and nationalist communities. The bill for what police call "abnormal policing" has been over £3m a month. The PSNI said it has to deploy large scale resources every night as a precaution, in case loyalists try to walk along the stretch of road past Ardoyne shops or in case rival factions clash. About 200 people protested on the streets at Twaddell Avenue on Tuesday night, just across the road from the shops. Impact There has also been a large policing operation in the area because of the protests. In addition to the usual number of neighbourhood officers, the PSNI has deployed 25 specialist public order units, which is about 150 officers every night. The PSNI have said the cost is not just financial. Half of the additional officers deployed are part of what are called Level Two units, they are officers taken off their normal duties, like investigating crime. Earlier this year, senior police officers, politicians and community representatives went to Cardiff for two days of talks and afterwards announced an agreement they said could reduce the potential for violence on the streets. The group met again in Belfast on Wednesday to discuss what has happened since and how the police have responded. The spiralling cost of policing parades and protests, and the impact it is having on PSNI resources, will be discussed when the chief constable meets the policing board on Thursday.
Answer: Protest and riot policing costs PSNI over £3m a month
Question: By Michelle RobertsHealth reporter, BBC News Dr Susan Jebb of the Medical Research Council found in a study that people in a WeightWatchers programme lost twice as much weight as those with GP care. WeightWatchers part-funded the study, but Dr Jebb stressed similar schemes would be as effective. The National Obesity Forum said buying in services could benefit NHS patients. The NHS is currently running pilot schemes with WeightWatchers. GPs can buy one patient a 12-week course for about £45. It was a year-long scheme like this in Northampton that Dr Susan Jebb and colleagues studied, as well as two similar projects running in Australia and Germany. Over the course of a year, the Northampton GPs referred half of 772 overweight patients to weekly WeightWatchers meetings, paid for by the doctor's surgery. The other half received GP-led care. This typically involved things like providing leaflets about healthy eating and scheduled appointments with a nurse for weigh-ins and advice. The patients had their weight recorded at regular intervals throughout the year to see the results. At each measurement appointment, WeightWatchers came out best. By 12 months, that group had lost twice as much - nearly 7kg (15lbs) on average per patient, compared to around 3kg (6lbs) in the GP-led group. Although this amount of weight loss may seem small, the researchers say it can make a big difference in terms of health. Cost-effective Dr Jebb said: "Losing four to five kilograms can halve a person's diabetes risk if they are overweight, so even a little can be beneficial. "We know a lot of people are overweight and need to lose weight. The challenge is how you do it. "In the NHS we do not have the resources for a massive weight management programme. But this would be cost effective." But Dr Jebb said that WeightWatchers was not unique, and that any similar programme involving regular weight checks, goal-setting and peer support could achieve the same. "It's having a weekly weigh-in and the accountability it brings with it, as well as the support of the group, that seems to work. "People are more likely to stick at it." Fewer patients in the WeightWatchers group dropped out of the trial than in the GP-led group, although compliance was a problem generally, with just over half of the patients completing the trial overall. Dr Jebb stressed weight-loss schemes would not be suitable for everyone, and GPs should bear this in mind. "Men may not feel it's the right group for them, nor some ethnic groups. It's certainly not some panacea for the nation's weight problems. "But GPs can now be confident that here is a way they can really help some of their patients that's based on evidence." Determination The health advisory body National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) already recommends in guidelines that GPs should consider referring overweight patients to a commercial provider. Dr Brian Karet of the Royal College of GPs said it was important that patients had the motivation to shed excess pounds. "Many GPs will try and find out how determined people are to lose weight, using techniques such as motivational interviewing, but it helps enormously to have a locally available group-based programme to then point people towards. "Primary care trusts and commissioning groups should certainly consider setting up locality-based groups like this, or buying in to one of the commercial providers of weight loss support such as WeightWatchers." Tam Fry of the National Obesity Forum said: "GPs are generalists by definition whereas WeightWatchers are the 'consultants' in their field. "It's therefore not surprising that the latter achieve the better results. "Referral to any organisation with a proven weight-loss system which can be replicated anywhere has to be the best option for the patient, the GP and the NHS. "It may upset some PCTs to use commercial suppliers - but they do produce value for money." The trial will be presented at the International Conference on Obesity in Stockholm this week.
Answer: | Weight-loss schemes help patients 'more than the NHS'
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
instruction:
Two analogies that signify affordances are given in the form "A : B. C : ?". Affordance is the possibility of an action being done on an object, for example book is an affordance of writing. The phrase "A : B" implies that B is an affordance of A. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate affordance of the given action C, following the "A : B" relation. Your answer should be a single object without further explanation.
question:
heal : wound. swing : ?
answer:
sword
question:
climb : tree. pet : ?
answer:
cat
question:
fire : employee. hire : ?
answer:
| employee
| NIv2 | task1153_bard_analogical_reasoning_affordance | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution.
Sentence2: pollution can harm animals.
Solution: pollution.
Why? The word "pollution" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.
New input: Sentence1: Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.
Sentence2: neurons transmit electrochemicals.
Solution: | Neurons | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Instructions: In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Input: story: I went on a plane yesterday. As I got on it Something happened. We had to turn back. A fire came about. It was scary.
selected sentence: As I got on it Something happened.
Output: | I schedule a plane ride >Causes/Enables> I get on the plane | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Part 2. Example
But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
Answer: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Part 3. Exercise
By Michelle RobertsHealth reporter, BBC News Dr Susan Jebb of the Medical Research Council found in a study that people in a WeightWatchers programme lost twice as much weight as those with GP care. WeightWatchers part-funded the study, but Dr Jebb stressed similar schemes would be as effective. The National Obesity Forum said buying in services could benefit NHS patients. The NHS is currently running pilot schemes with WeightWatchers. GPs can buy one patient a 12-week course for about £45. It was a year-long scheme like this in Northampton that Dr Susan Jebb and colleagues studied, as well as two similar projects running in Australia and Germany. Over the course of a year, the Northampton GPs referred half of 772 overweight patients to weekly WeightWatchers meetings, paid for by the doctor's surgery. The other half received GP-led care. This typically involved things like providing leaflets about healthy eating and scheduled appointments with a nurse for weigh-ins and advice. The patients had their weight recorded at regular intervals throughout the year to see the results. At each measurement appointment, WeightWatchers came out best. By 12 months, that group had lost twice as much - nearly 7kg (15lbs) on average per patient, compared to around 3kg (6lbs) in the GP-led group. Although this amount of weight loss may seem small, the researchers say it can make a big difference in terms of health. Cost-effective Dr Jebb said: "Losing four to five kilograms can halve a person's diabetes risk if they are overweight, so even a little can be beneficial. "We know a lot of people are overweight and need to lose weight. The challenge is how you do it. "In the NHS we do not have the resources for a massive weight management programme. But this would be cost effective." But Dr Jebb said that WeightWatchers was not unique, and that any similar programme involving regular weight checks, goal-setting and peer support could achieve the same. "It's having a weekly weigh-in and the accountability it brings with it, as well as the support of the group, that seems to work. "People are more likely to stick at it." Fewer patients in the WeightWatchers group dropped out of the trial than in the GP-led group, although compliance was a problem generally, with just over half of the patients completing the trial overall. Dr Jebb stressed weight-loss schemes would not be suitable for everyone, and GPs should bear this in mind. "Men may not feel it's the right group for them, nor some ethnic groups. It's certainly not some panacea for the nation's weight problems. "But GPs can now be confident that here is a way they can really help some of their patients that's based on evidence." Determination The health advisory body National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) already recommends in guidelines that GPs should consider referring overweight patients to a commercial provider. Dr Brian Karet of the Royal College of GPs said it was important that patients had the motivation to shed excess pounds. "Many GPs will try and find out how determined people are to lose weight, using techniques such as motivational interviewing, but it helps enormously to have a locally available group-based programme to then point people towards. "Primary care trusts and commissioning groups should certainly consider setting up locality-based groups like this, or buying in to one of the commercial providers of weight loss support such as WeightWatchers." Tam Fry of the National Obesity Forum said: "GPs are generalists by definition whereas WeightWatchers are the 'consultants' in their field. "It's therefore not surprising that the latter achieve the better results. "Referral to any organisation with a proven weight-loss system which can be replicated anywhere has to be the best option for the patient, the GP and the NHS. "It may upset some PCTs to use commercial suppliers - but they do produce value for money." The trial will be presented at the International Conference on Obesity in Stockholm this week.
Answer: | Weight-loss schemes help patients 'more than the NHS' | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Two analogies that signify affordances are given in the form "A : B. C : ?". Affordance is the possibility of an action being done on an object, for example book is an affordance of writing. The phrase "A : B" implies that B is an affordance of A. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate affordance of the given action C, following the "A : B" relation. Your answer should be a single object without further explanation.
One example is below.
Q: cure : disease. swing : ?
A: sword
Rationale: The given analogy implies that diseases can be cured - an affordance relation. Hence, the appropriate answer for swing is sword, since swords can be swung.
Q: fire : employee. hire : ?
A: | employee | NIv2 | task1153_bard_analogical_reasoning_affordance | fs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Input: Consider Input: Sentence1: Viruses are parasites of cells.
Sentence2: Populations of viruses do not grow through division because they are parasites.
Output: are
Input: Consider Input: Sentence1: Lancelet larvae are free-swimming.
Sentence2: some larvae lack a hardened backbone.
Output: larvae
Input: Consider Input: Sentence1: Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms.
Sentence2: clownfish seek shelter in coral.
| Output: Coral
| NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Q: Sentence1: Composting is simply the natural decomposition of organic matter.
Sentence2: Composting increases the amount of organic matter in soil.
A: | Composting | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
[Q]: A.C._Chievo_Verona | manager | Rolando_Maran
Rolando_Maran | club | F.C._Bari_1908
[A]: Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona is managed by Rolando Maran who worked at FC Bari 1908.
[Q]: Athens_International_Airport | cityServed | Athens
Athens | country | Greece
Greece | leaderName | Alexis_Tsipras
Greece | leaderName | Nikos_Voutsis
[A]: Athens International airport serves the city of Athens in Greece, where the leaders are Alexis Tsipras and Nikos Voutsis.
[Q]: Bhajji | country | India
India | demonym | Indian_people
India | leaderName | Narendra_Modi
[A]: | Narendra Modi leads India whose people are known as Indians. Bhajji comes from India.
| NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Input: Consider Input: Ray Vecchio: You know what we just did ? We took out seven guys ! _ One _ more , and you qualify for U.S. citizenship .
Output: REFERENCE guys
Input: Consider Input: Hank Griffin: How many rats ?
Nick Burkhardt: What ?
Hank Griffin: For the report , how many rats do you think were down there ?
Nick Burkhardt: Sorry , I did n't stop to count them .
Hank Griffin: I 'd like to put a million , 'cause that 's what it seemed like .
Nick Burkhardt: Put a _ thousand _ . Nobody 's gon na believe a million .
Hank Griffin: No one 's gon na believe a thousand .
Output: OTHER
Input: Consider Input: Commander T'Pol: Captain !
Captain Jonathan Archer: You think I 've lost my mind ?
Commander T'Pol: I 'm not certain your mind is the _ one _ making these decisions .
| Output: REFERENCE mind
| NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Teacher: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution.
Sentence2: pollution can harm animals.
Solution: pollution.
Reason: The word "pollution" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.
Now, solve this instance: Sentence1: Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms.
Sentence2: clownfish seek shelter in coral.
Student: | Coral | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Example: Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol | runwayName | "09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan'"
Example solution: Amsterdam Airport Schipol runway name is 09/27 Buitenvelderbaan.
Example explanation: The simplest form of input is a single triple. Here the text describes the relationship in natural language.
Problem: Bhajji | country | India
India | demonym | Indian_people
India | leaderName | Narendra_Modi
| Solution: Narendra Modi leads India whose people are known as Indians. Bhajji comes from India. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
Teacher: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Jess Mastriani: No, I don't want another crooler, thank you very much.
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: But it's good for you. It's got... honeyglaze. Please die for this crooler, Jess.
Jess Mastriani: I've had _ two _ already. Who eats three croolers in a night?
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: Take a look. [Nicole takes a huge bite] Mmmmm, Mmmmm, Mmmmm!
Solution: REFERENCE crooler
Reason: In this example, the number two refers to something that appears in this text. In this example, it refers to the word: crooler.
Now, solve this instance: Commander T'Pol: Captain !
Captain Jonathan Archer: You think I 've lost my mind ?
Commander T'Pol: I 'm not certain your mind is the _ one _ making these decisions .
Student: | REFERENCE mind | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Prompt: Oh, has there been a change in the dictionary? Does ridiculous mean beautiful now?
Response 1: Did you notice that too? Have you seen her hat? It has a walmart tag on it!
Response 2: I don't know. I don't get to read that often. People don't throw away dictionaries.
Output: | Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Input: Consider Input: Sentence1: Adaptation traits contribute to individual fitness and to the evolution of animal genetic resources.
Sentence2: Behaviors can improve the evolution of animal genetic resources.
Output: animal
Input: Consider Input: Sentence1: Mating is generally preceded by courtship.
Sentence2: Mating is generally similar across species.
Output: Mating
Input: Consider Input: Sentence1: Light rays are focussed on the retina.
Sentence2: When rays are shined at the eyes, they enter an opening called the pupil.
| Output: rays
| NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Q: Statement: Henri IV had it laid out in 1605 on the site of an oldahorse-market, his idea (borrowed from Catherine de'Medici) being to have all the houses in the same symmetry. Choices: 1. Henri's idea had a long lasting and important influence. 2. Henri laid things out in 1605. 3. Henri laid nothing out until the 1900's.
A: | 3 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Teacher: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution.
Sentence2: pollution can harm animals.
Solution: pollution.
Reason: The word "pollution" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.
Now, solve this instance: Sentence1: Light rays are focussed on the retina.
Sentence2: When rays are shined at the eyes, they enter an opening called the pupil.
Student: | rays | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Two analogies that signify affordances are given in the form "A : B. C : ?". Affordance is the possibility of an action being done on an object, for example book is an affordance of writing. The phrase "A : B" implies that B is an affordance of A. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate affordance of the given action C, following the "A : B" relation. Your answer should be a single object without further explanation.
Q: elect : congressman. sail : ?
A: boat
****
Q: play : game. play : ?
A: game
****
Q: wear : coat. fire : ?
A: | employee
****
| NIv2 | task1153_bard_analogical_reasoning_affordance | fs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Q: Sentence1: gases released during the use of fossil fuels causes global warming.
Sentence2: Sulfur dioxide is released during fossil fuel combustion.
A: | fossil | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
One year today since #GOP took control of the House and no new jobs. | bipartisanship | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
Instructions: In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Input: story: It was Tim's turn to kick the ball. He had been practicing at home for days. When it was rolled toward him he closed his eyes and kicked. He missed completely and kicked so hard he fell. All the other kids made fun of him and he ran to the bathroom crying.
selected sentence: He missed completely and kicked so hard he fell.
Output: | Tim kicked at a ball >Causes/Enables> Tim missed completely | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Two analogies that signify affordances are given in the form "A : B. C : ?". Affordance is the possibility of an action being done on an object, for example book is an affordance of writing. The phrase "A : B" implies that B is an affordance of A. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate affordance of the given action C, following the "A : B" relation. Your answer should be a single object without further explanation.
See one example below:
Problem: cure : disease. swing : ?
Solution: sword
Explanation: The given analogy implies that diseases can be cured - an affordance relation. Hence, the appropriate answer for swing is sword, since swords can be swung.
Problem: wear : coat. fire : ?
Solution: | employee | NIv2 | task1153_bard_analogical_reasoning_affordance | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Problem:story: John took the day off of work today. He wanted to meet up with some old friends. He said they had a great time catching up. They went to see a ballgame. They ended the day with dinner.
selected sentence: They went to see a ballgame.
Solution: | John buys tickets >Causes/Enables> John goes to see a ballgame | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Input: Consider Input: Statement: The well that served Gobind Singh's house is now a marble shrine. Choices: 1. The well was turned into a shrine after it dried up. 2. Gobind Singh's well has been turned into a marble shrine. 3. Gobind Singh's well was filled in, and a garden grows where it used to be.
Output: 3
Input: Consider Input: Statement: yeah somewhat uh have to kind of watch watch the weather make sure everything is going the way it's supposed to Choices: 1. The weather is what makes it grow right or wrong. 2. You have to watch the weather to ensure it's all going the right way. 3. Don't watch the weather, just let them grow.
Output: 3
Input: Consider Input: Statement: The Citizens of the United States of America have a right to applaud themselves for having given to mankind examples of an enlarged and liberal a policy worthy of imitation. Choices: 1. The citizens of the U.S. are supposed to be proud of themselves. 2. The citizens of the U.S. are a global role model. 3. The citizens of the U.S. should be ashamed of themselves.
| Output: 3
| NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
Definition: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Input: Acharya_Institute_of_Technology | director | "Dr. G. P. Prabhukumar"
Output: | Dr. G. P. Prabhukumar is the director of the Acharya Institute of Technology. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
instruction:
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
question:
Prompt: Well, I'm thinking that the probability that that might happen is probably the same amount as the probability that got us stranded under here anyway. So let's do it, huh?
Response 1: Sulu makes a lot of sense.
Response 2: Right. I can tell you that he's disguised as Mary, my make-up lady, who is also disguised as various things. She's got a gorilla mask on and a Superman costume.
answer:
Response 1
question:
Prompt: Sorry, I just don't understand why whether my mother loved me enough is pertinent to the shirt I'm here to get.
Response 1: Well, I think it's knowing more about your personality and what kind of shirt you want to present to the world, you know?
Response 2: OK. What are some of the immortal things we know about?
answer:
Response 1
question:
Prompt: Let's focus on the problem. It's too easy to get off topic.
Response 1: I'm just saying, maybe one of the reasons why we're not up in the sky and we're in the ocean is because Cookie took some drugs.
Response 2: Dad it is my time on the TV you said even if you are trying to sleep that I could watch it!
answer:
| Response 1
| NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
Teacher: In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.
Solution: 3
Reason: It is said in the statement that the candy doesn't melt in your hand, but the sentence in choice 3 disagrees with it.
Now, solve this instance: Statement: The Citizens of the United States of America have a right to applaud themselves for having given to mankind examples of an enlarged and liberal a policy worthy of imitation. Choices: 1. The citizens of the U.S. are supposed to be proud of themselves. 2. The citizens of the U.S. are a global role model. 3. The citizens of the U.S. should be ashamed of themselves.
Student: | 3 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you will be shown an incorrect English sentence. You need to generate a corrected form of the input sentence.
someone likes music and someone like science , and some one is talent on ballet while someone is not . | Some like music and some like science , and some are talented at ballet while others are not . | NIv2 | task1557_jfleg_answer_generation | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Gov declares state of emergency as Commonwealth responds to flooding & prepares for more dangerous weather. Terry McAuliffe (@GovernorVA) September 30, 2015 Question: who declared a state of emergency? Answer: the commonwealth | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
One example is below.
Q: Prompt: See, Arlene? That's why I don't talk to you like that because I'm afraid I'll scare our son.
Response 1: I have 12. Wait, is the key to a success story getting the number to go down?
Response 2: Oh, Dad. Even that wasn't great.
A: Response 2
Rationale: Response 2 is correct answer because it agrees with the prompt and continues the conversation in the same context.
Q: Prompt: Let's focus on the problem. It's too easy to get off topic.
Response 1: I'm just saying, maybe one of the reasons why we're not up in the sky and we're in the ocean is because Cookie took some drugs.
Response 2: Dad it is my time on the TV you said even if you are trying to sleep that I could watch it!
A: | Response 1 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Q: story: Cindy was at the store with her mother. Cindy saw a candy bar she wanted but didn't have the money to buy it. Cindy asked her mom if she could buy her the candy bar. Cindy's mom said no because it was not healthy. Cindy decided to steal the candy bar and put it into her pocket.
selected sentence: Cindy decided to steal the candy bar and put it into her pocket.
A: | Cindy sees a candy bar >Causes/Enables> Cindy steals the candy bar | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
[Q]: Prompt: You started this museum? You're Gayle Vanhaven?
Response 1: Yes, Gayle Vanhaven of the Kentucky Vanhavens. My father was a congressman, Bill Phil Vanhaven.
Response 2: Sir, are you suggesting you're doing me a favor? That you're doing me a favor by going into the football game without me paying you?
[A]: Response 1
[Q]: Prompt: Watch out for the one kid. He's got a great vocabulary and he'll try to out argue you.
Response 1: Yeah, it looks like someone without a grasp of English drew it.
Response 2: I look forward to speaking with him at length.
[A]: Response 2
[Q]: Prompt: I don't feel that way, but it's interesting that you do.
Response 1: Whoa, wait am minute. Are you the archangel Gabriel? I thought you looked familiar.
Response 2: It's alright that we don't agree all the time, Larry. I think that's a part of relationships. I can feel free and you can feel caged.
[A]: | Response 2
| NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: My point was proven. She can't even wait 10 mins before mentioning one of our names SMH— Khloé (@khloekardashian) February 16, 2015 Question: how long did khloe say "she" can't wait before mentioning one of their names? Answer: 10 minutes
Output: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Problem:Context: and do the necessary work to learn from this experience and make better decisions in the future.— Michael Phelps (@MichaelPhelps) October 5, 2014 Question: how are the protesters protesting? Answer: huge banner from overpass
Solution: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Problem:Deputy Andrew Green said the plan for 35 social rental flats at Belle Vue near Red Houses was being put out to tender. Five local contractors have been invited to tender for the project for four blocks of flats with roads, parking and landscaping. Deputy Green said homes should be ready for families by 2015. He said the work would provide a steady stream of new homes and opportunities for the building industry. Wildlife survey There will be a survey of the wildlife at the site, which the minister says will be protected. Pupils from the nearby schools are being invited to paint murals on the hoardings to brighten up the area during the building work. Deputy Green said: "The development of the Belle Vue site is an important step forward in the provision of homes which meet the requirements of modern households. "We are working very closely with the Treasury minister to ensure our programme of works not only provides a steady stream of new homes over the coming years, but helps to support the local construction industry." The minister said the plan was to deliver affordable homes and ensure compliance with decent homes standards. This will be the fourth new project for the Housing Department this year with work continuing at Le Squez, Journeaux Street and Langtry Gardens as well as Belle Vue.
Solution: | Jersey housing scheme to help construction industry | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
"Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Example: Prompt: See, Arlene? That's why I don't talk to you like that because I'm afraid I'll scare our son.
Response 1: I have 12. Wait, is the key to a success story getting the number to go down?
Response 2: Oh, Dad. Even that wasn't great.
Example solution: Response 2
Example explanation: Response 2 is correct answer because it agrees with the prompt and continues the conversation in the same context.
Problem: Prompt: I don't feel that way, but it's interesting that you do.
Response 1: Whoa, wait am minute. Are you the archangel Gabriel? I thought you looked familiar.
Response 2: It's alright that we don't agree all the time, Larry. I think that's a part of relationships. I can feel free and you can feel caged.
| Solution: Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
--------
Question: Context: Our thoughts are with the people of Belgium today. The terror will not stop the music. #JeSuisBruxelles wiwibloggs (@wiwibloggs) March 22, 2016 Question: which party is jon ossoff part of? Answer: democratic
Answer: no
Question: Context: Dude I want to drop out too… 😫 I'm joining the drop out crew, I refuse to keep paying kstate out of my pocket — Jennifer Brady (@iam_yoGoddess) April 15, 2014 Question: who wants to drop out? Answer: jennifer brady
Answer: yes
Question: Context: kylie jenner being announced pregnant before the kuwtk 10 year anniversary...kris jenner works in mysterious ways esther (@estheritax) September 22, 2017 Question: what animal was in distress? Answer: a horse.
Answer: | no
| NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Part 2. Example
Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Question: at which school were first responders on the scene for? Answer: independence high school
Answer: yes
Explanation: Here, the generated label is 'yes' because the given context is useful in answering the question.
Part 3. Exercise
Context: kylie jenner being announced pregnant before the kuwtk 10 year anniversary...kris jenner works in mysterious ways esther (@estheritax) September 22, 2017 Question: what animal was in distress? Answer: a horse.
Answer: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
PROBLEM: $6 billion water bond program voters passed in 2011 has yet to be tapped.
SOLUTION: state-budget
PROBLEM: The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has no congressional oversight.
SOLUTION: congressional-rules
PROBLEM: There was serious voter fraud in Virginia.
SOLUTION: | elections
| NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
[EX Q]: Belgium | officialLanguage | French_language
[EX A]: French is the official language of Belgium.
[EX Q]: Italy | leaderName | Pietro_Grasso
Italy | capital | Rome
Amatriciana_sauce | country | Italy
Italy | leaderName | Sergio_Mattarella
[EX A]: Pietro Grasso and Sergio Mattarella are the leaders of Italy. The capital is Rome and Amatriciana sauce is a traditional Italian sauce.
[EX Q]: A.F.C._Fylde | manager | Dave_Challinor
Dave_Challinor | club | Bury_F.C.
Dave_Challinor | club | Tranmere_Rovers_F.C.
Dave_Challinor | club | Colwyn_Bay_F.C.
[EX A]: | Affiliated with Tranmere Rovers F.C., Dave Challinor, played for Bury F.C. He is also both a player of Colwyn Bay F.C. club and the manager of AFC Fylde.
| NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
instruction:
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
question:
By Jonathan AmosScience correspondent The robot's tool bit hammered briefly, without rotation, into a flat slab of rock on the floor of Gale Crater, the huge bowl where it landed last August. Pictures taken before and after the operation reveal the indentation left by the tool's action. Although previous rovers have scrubbed the surface of rocks, Curiosity is the first to carry the capability to drill inside them. US space agency (Nasa) engineers are taking a step-by-step approach to the procedure. They need to check both the rock and the drill are behaving as expected. If the target slab is deemed suitable, a number of test holes are likely to be drilled - using the rotation as well the percussive action - before a powdered sample is picked up and delivered to Curiosity's onboard laboratories. "The drilling is going very well so far and we're making great progress with the early steps," said Curiosity project scientist Prof John Grotzinger. "The rock is behaving well and it looks pretty soft, so that's encouraging," he told BBC News. The rover's mission is to try to determine whether Gale has ever had the environments in the past that were capable of supporting bacterial life. Detailing the composition of rocks is critical to this investigation as the deposits in the crater will retain a geochemical record of the conditions under which they formed. Drilling a few centimetres inside a rock provides a fresh sample that is free from the alteration that can occur at the surface as a result of weathering or radiation damage. Curiosity landed on the Red Planet on 6 August last year. It has since driven east of its touchdown point to a location that satellite images had identified as an intersection of three distinct geological terrains. The robot is currently in a small depression dubbed Yellowknife Bay. The rock selected for the first drilling is a very fine grained sedimentary rock cut through with veins of what appear to be a calcium sulphate. This rock also has a name - John Klein, taken from a recently deceased Nasa engineer who worked on the rover project. Scientists are thrilled with the progress of the mission so far. Many of the rocks, like the ones in Yellowknife Bay, show clear evidence of deposition in, or alteration by, water. Shortly before rolling into the bay, Curiosity identified conglomerates containing small rounded clasts, or pebbles, indicating the past presence of fast running water, most likely in a network of streams. You can see more Curiosity mosaics by Ken Kremer and Marco Di Lorenzo at Ken's website.
answer:
Curiosity Mars rover hammers into rock
question:
Stephen Bournes, who has been at the pier since 2005, said it had been sold to Gough Hotels for an unspecified amount, but less than £6m. The pier includes several restaurants, shops and arcades and already has planning permission for a 30 bed-hotel. Gough Hotels, which is based in Bury St Edmunds, was unavailable for comment. The chain owns the Angel in Bury St Edmunds and the Salthouse on the Ipswich Waterfront. Mr Bournes said the sale of the 623ft (190m) long pier, which was built in 1900 and refurbished 100 years later, was "great for Suffolk". "The pier is a bit of a landmark and is very family orientated," he said. Southwold Pier has won a number of national tourism awards over the past few years. It was named Best Seaside Attraction 2007, Best Tourism Experience 2008 in the East of England and Best Large Attraction 2009. Britain's only surviving sea-going steam passenger ship, the PS Waverley paddle steamer and its sister ship the MV Balmoral, are frequent visitors to the pier.
answer:
Southwold Pier sold to Gough Hotels, owner says
question:
For many years Gloucestershire County Council has observed a prayer at the start of the meetings at Shire Hall. The Rt Rev Michael Perham said even if people did not sign up to a particular faith they have spiritual values and want that to be part of their lives. The council said the wording had changed because some had different faiths or were not religious. "I am quite clear there should be no permanent changes in practice without a full discussion involving all the people that will be affected at the council," Bishop Perham said. 'Mark of respect' "A decision to exclude prayers from the county council is going in the opposite direction to where a lot of people are going." The move was made by the chairman of the Conservative-run authority, Councillor Brian Thornton. "The reason I took the decision was that at a previous meeting when I spoke the prayer there were several members who did not stand up as a mark of respect," Mr Thornton said. "After that meeting I asked them if they would be prepared to do so and they said 'no' and suggested various options which I have looked into. "Eventually we decided to go with a non-religious secular exhortation," he added.
answer:
| Bishop of Gloucester criticises council prayer ban
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Let me give you an example: Says the Annies List political group supports third-trimester abortions on demand.
The answer to this example can be: abortion
Here is why: It's a correct subject of the statement because it talks about a political group supporting demans of abortions.
OK. solve this:
There was serious voter fraud in Virginia.
Answer: | elections | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
One example: Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol | runwayName | "09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan'"
Solution is here: Amsterdam Airport Schipol runway name is 09/27 Buitenvelderbaan.
Explanation: The simplest form of input is a single triple. Here the text describes the relationship in natural language.
Now, solve this: A.F.C._Fylde | manager | Dave_Challinor
Dave_Challinor | club | Bury_F.C.
Dave_Challinor | club | Tranmere_Rovers_F.C.
Dave_Challinor | club | Colwyn_Bay_F.C.
Solution: | Affiliated with Tranmere Rovers F.C., Dave Challinor, played for Bury F.C. He is also both a player of Colwyn Bay F.C. club and the manager of AFC Fylde. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
One example is below.
Q: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
A: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Rationale: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Q: For many years Gloucestershire County Council has observed a prayer at the start of the meetings at Shire Hall. The Rt Rev Michael Perham said even if people did not sign up to a particular faith they have spiritual values and want that to be part of their lives. The council said the wording had changed because some had different faiths or were not religious. "I am quite clear there should be no permanent changes in practice without a full discussion involving all the people that will be affected at the council," Bishop Perham said. 'Mark of respect' "A decision to exclude prayers from the county council is going in the opposite direction to where a lot of people are going." The move was made by the chairman of the Conservative-run authority, Councillor Brian Thornton. "The reason I took the decision was that at a previous meeting when I spoke the prayer there were several members who did not stand up as a mark of respect," Mr Thornton said. "After that meeting I asked them if they would be prepared to do so and they said 'no' and suggested various options which I have looked into. "Eventually we decided to go with a non-religious secular exhortation," he added.
A: | Bishop of Gloucester criticises council prayer ban | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Teacher:In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Statement: Cartoons, sitcoms, and political campaigns conjure up characters with a single, instantly recognizable characteristic. Choices: 1. Cartoons create characters with an easily understood characteristic. 2. Cartoons create characters with a recognizable characteristic because the writers feel that it'll make them easier to understand. 3. Political campaigns create characters with difficult to recognize characteristics.
Student: | 3 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Statement: These ingredients swirled around each other in a dance of honest enjoyment and/or self-conscious shoulder-rubbing for an hour or so before the toasts from the stage. Choices: 1. Sitting motionless and silent is all these ingredients did for an hour. 2. Before the toasts from the stage, these ingredients swirled around each other. 3. Many high-level corporate figures were present on the stage. | 1 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
Q: C-3PO: Sir , the possibility of successfully navigating an asteroid field is approximately _ 3,720 _ to 1 .
Han Solo: Never tell me the odds .
A: | REFERENCE odds | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | zs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Denmark | leaderName | Lars_Løkke_Rasmussen
School of Business and Social Sciences at the Aarhus University | city | Aarhus
School of Business and Social Sciences at the Aarhus University | country | Denmark
Aarhus | has to its northeast | Mols
Denmark | leaderTitle | Monarchy_of_Denmark
Denmark | religion | Church_of_Denmark
Aarhus | governmentType | Magistrate | The School of Business and Social Sciences at the Aarhus University in Aarhus, Denmark which is led by Lars Løkke Rasmussen. The country has a monarchy and its government is a magistrate. To the northeast of Aarhus is Mols. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Q: Monocacy_National_Battlefield | location | Frederick_County,_Maryland
14th_New_Jersey_Volunteer_Infantry_Monument | established | "1907-07-11"
14th_New_Jersey_Volunteer_Infantry_Monument | country | "United States"
14th_New_Jersey_Volunteer_Infantry_Monument | category | Historic_districts_in_the_United_States
14th_New_Jersey_Volunteer_Infantry_Monument | district | Monocacy_National_Battlefield
A: | The Monocacy National Battlefield is found in Frederick County, Maryland. The 14th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry Monument was established on July 11th, 1907 and can be found in the Monocacy National Battlefield. The monument is part of the category of Historic districts in the United States. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. "Yes, and" is a rule-of-thumb in improvisational comedy that suggests that a participant in a dialogue should accept what another participant has stated ("Yes") and then expand on that line of thought or context ("and..."). Given a prompt and two responses, identify which response is the type of "yes, and". Indicate your answer by 'Response 1' if the first response is correct, otherwise 'Response 2'. Note that a "Yes, and" does not require someone explicitly saying 'yes, and...' as part of a dialogue exchange.
Prompt: Oh, shit, I fell asleep on the plane.
Response 1: Thank you very much. I'm blind.
Response 2: Sir, your snoring has woken several people up, including yourself.
| Response 2 | NIv2 | task362_spolin_yesand_prompt_response_sub_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Q: Context: @cnnsport @cnni @McIlroyRory Rory: Do you ever consciously think of your swing, or at this point, is it totally natural? #cnnaskrory— Rao (@insideyourfuego) January 27, 2015 Question: what doesn't damien owens need? Answer: google glass
A: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
--------
Question: Context: Can't sleep Too busy worrying about the controllers strike. Would prefer not to spend my holiday in the Airport. #airtrafficstrike— mafleen (@mafleen) June 25, 2014 Question: in what hospital is the msf team working? Answer: haradh hospital
Answer: no
Question: Context: “You’re the Spiderman!” Here’s your first look at a brand new @SpiderManMovie clip, exclusively from the #MTVAwards airing right now! MTV (@MTV) May 8, 2017 Question: what is the brand new clip of? Answer: the spider man movie
Answer: yes
Question: Context: So happy to have seen @Philae2014 again before my mission ends later this month...more about my #CometLanding soon! ESA Rosetta Mission (@ESA_Rosetta) September 5, 2016 Question: what is @esa_rosetta going to tweet about soon? Answer: #cometlanding
Answer: | yes
| NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
William_Anders | dateOfRetirement | "1969-09-01"
William_Anders | was selected by NASA | 1963
William_Anders | nationality | United_States
William_Anders | birthDate | "1933-10-17"
William_Anders | occupation | Fighter_pilot
William_Anders | birthPlace | British_Hong_Kong
William_Anders | almaMater | "AFIT, M.S. 1962"
| William Anders was born on Oct 17, 1933 in British Hong Kong but is from the US. He graduated from AFIT in 1962 with an M.S. He was a fighter pilot and began working with NASA in 1963. Anders retired on Sept 1, 1969. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Problem:story: Laura's old cat had died when she was little. Laura's mom missed having a cat, and it was her mom's birthday. Laura's friend at school was moving, and had to give away her cat. Laura brought a carrier to school, brought the cat home, and hid it. That night, Laura surprised her mom with a cake and the new cat.
selected sentence: Laura's old cat had died when she was little.
Solution: | The cat gets sick >Causes/Enables> The cat dies | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Part 2. Example
Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Question: at which school were first responders on the scene for? Answer: independence high school
Answer: yes
Explanation: Here, the generated label is 'yes' because the given context is useful in answering the question.
Part 3. Exercise
Context: So happy to have seen @Philae2014 again before my mission ends later this month...more about my #CometLanding soon! ESA Rosetta Mission (@ESA_Rosetta) September 5, 2016 Question: what is @esa_rosetta going to tweet about soon? Answer: #cometlanding
Answer: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | fs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Input: Consider Input: Sentence1: Many birds perform elaborate courtship dances.
Sentence2: Many birds perform dances before they mate.
Output: Many
Input: Consider Input: Sentence1: a camera is used for recording images.
Sentence2: a camera is used for recording binary.
Output: camera
Input: Consider Input: Sentence1: Lake Trout Lake Trout fishing is good in Loonhaunt and Pipestone Lakes.
Sentence2: Loonhaunt is generally bigger and deeper than ponds.
| Output: Loonhaunt
| NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Sentence1: If the cooling is sufficient, water vapor condenses into clouds.
Sentence2: dew is formed when cooling over night.
Output: | cooling | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
Teacher: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution.
Sentence2: pollution can harm animals.
Solution: pollution.
Reason: The word "pollution" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.
Now, solve this instance: Sentence1: Lake Trout Lake Trout fishing is good in Loonhaunt and Pipestone Lakes.
Sentence2: Loonhaunt is generally bigger and deeper than ponds.
Student: | Loonhaunt | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Instructions: In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Input: story: Kim went to Rojo Restaurant with friends from work. She was pleased the prices looked surprisingly affordable. When the food arrived the portions looked like a kids meal. Kim ate her food and enjoyed it very much. She was hungry again less than 2 hours later.
selected sentence: Kim ate her food and enjoyed it very much.
Output: | Kim receives her food >Causes/Enables> Kim eats her food | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Example Input: Statement: Congress would not have needed to add the certification provision to protect the presidential advisers if their records were not within the scope of GAOas access authority. Choices: 1. The certification provision would not be added if the advisers did not provide records. 2. The certification provision would not need to be added. 3. The certification provision would need to be added.
Example Output: 3
Example Input: Statement: People usually think we're older, and we hang out with 15-year-olds. Choices: 1. They hang out with 15-year-olds and people think they're older. 2. People think they are younger and they hang out with 35-year-olds. 3. They are not much older than the 15-year-olds.
Example Output: 2
Example Input: Statement: Yet we seem to desire cheap and anonymous food. Choices: 1. We enjoy cheap and anonymous food greatly. 2. We hate cheap and anonymous food 3. Cheap food tastes better than expensive food
Example Output: | 2
| NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Example input: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.
Example output: 3
Example explanation: It is said in the statement that the candy doesn't melt in your hand, but the sentence in choice 3 disagrees with it.
Q: Statement: Yet we seem to desire cheap and anonymous food. Choices: 1. We enjoy cheap and anonymous food greatly. 2. We hate cheap and anonymous food 3. Cheap food tastes better than expensive food
A: | 2 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | fs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
PROBLEM: In FY 2014 Planned Parenthood performed 327,653 abortions while receiving $528 million from taxpayers, in violation of the Hyde amendment.
SOLUTION: abortion
PROBLEM: Our countrys got this huge debt, and (President Barack) Obama says raise taxes and keep spending more.
SOLUTION: deficit
PROBLEM: General Electric hasnt really created any jobs in this country, doesnt pay any taxes, and theyre making historic profits.
SOLUTION: | corporations
| NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
Q: You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context Word: racism.
Question: PersonX told PersonY that recognizing racism is an important skill that everyone should have in United States because _ cannot tolerate racism.
Answer: PersonX
A: | PersonX told PersonY that recognizing racism is an important skill that everyone should have in United States because _ just came to US. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Let me give you an example: Says the Annies List political group supports third-trimester abortions on demand.
The answer to this example can be: abortion
Here is why: It's a correct subject of the statement because it talks about a political group supporting demans of abortions.
OK. solve this:
General Electric hasnt really created any jobs in this country, doesnt pay any taxes, and theyre making historic profits.
Answer: | corporations | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | fs_opt |
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context Word: range.
Question: PersonX range of motion has decreased since they first met PersonY, _ is a senior.
Answer: PersonX | PersonX range of motion has decreased since they first met PersonY, _ is a senior and a friend. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | zs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Reading Borough Council had voted to introduce a £22.50 annual charge for the service while it was led by a Conservative - Lib Dem coalition. The new Labour minority council said it had frozen the bills before they were sent to the 17,000 affected households. A final decision on whether to scrap the charges will be made in July. One-off payment Environment councillor Paul Gittings said the review was part of the Labour group's pledge ahead of May's council elections. Garden waste will continue to be collected fortnightly in the borough while the review is taking place. Previously, people living in Reading only made a one-off payment of £10 for a green bag or a one-off payment of £32.50 for a green bin. About 17,000 households currently use the service.
Reading's new council could reverse green bin charge
The group said they wanted to "strongly urge" Mark Drakeford to make "a positive statement" at the next Covid review on 22 April. They said they wanted the industry to match the opening date for England and Scotland, which is on 17 May. The Welsh government said it was taking a "careful step-by-step" approach. The Welsh Conservatives said livelihoods were being put at risk while Plaid Cymru called for all possible avenues for a "fast and safe" reopening to be explored. Decisions needed to be based on "the science and the statistics", the Welsh Liberal Democrats said. 'Much-needed reopening' The taskforce was established by the Welsh government to help guide the sector through the pandemic. Its letter said it was felt "conditions are right to make a clear and positive statement and bring forward the much-needed reopening of tourism and hospitality businesses in Wales". It has been signed by chairs of Wales' regional tourism forums, Visit Britain and the British Tourist Authority, along with senior figures at UK Hospitality Cymru and the Wales Tourism Alliance. They welcomed financial support during the year, and urged the Welsh government to ensure the industry continued to be supported and protected "as we wait to reopen". But they added: "Nothing can replace our ability to trade. "We appeal with urgency for an early reopening and the positive opportunity to help you begin the economic rebuild that our great industry can help the new government to deliver in the coming months." In the last Covid review at the end of March, the first minister said the Welsh government would consider reopening indoor hospitality and remaining visitor accommodation by the end of May, in advance of the spring public holiday. But he added: "Decisions on these will be made nearer the time, once the impact of other relaxations have been assessed." WALES ALERTS: Get extra updates on BBC election coverage Responding to the taskforce's letter, the Welsh government said it had worked closely with the group and set out a series of measures to relax Covid restrictions through April and May. It said it had provided "unprecedented levels of funding to support Welsh businesses" through the pandemic. It said a £30m package aimed at the hospitality, leisure and tourism sector was announced on 3 March, as part of a £180m support package for businesses affected by extended restrictions. "To date we have provided more than £2bn in business support during the pandemic, safeguarding 165,000 Welsh jobs," added an official. The Welsh Conservatives said it "speaks volumes when Labour's very own taskforce has written to the first minister calling for a speedy reopening". They added: "Labour's insistence on playing politics, rather than listening to the science, means Welsh businesses are losing out on vital trade, and its putting livelihoods at risk." Plaid Cymru said the hospitality sector was "understandably frustrated" following the most challenging year in memory. "We urge the Welsh government to explore all possible avenues for fast and safe reopening of hospitality, and if possible before the scheduled date." The Welsh Liberal Democrats said decisions on easing restrictions "need to be made based on both the science and the statistics". "We've seen before what happened when lockdowns were eased too quickly," they said.
Covid: Call for Wales indoor hospitality to reopen sooner
Skeletal remains were discovered in woodland off the A419 near Cirencester, by workmen in May last year. Gloucestershire police said the body had lain undiscovered for some time and there were no suspicious circumstances. The man's identity remains a mystery almost a year on, so experts have created an image of his face in the hope someone will recognise him. Det Ch Insp Richard Ocone said the body was "pretty decomposed, and was in effect a skeleton" when it was found. He said the man was probably in his early 30s - although could have been as old as 55 - between 5ft 5in (1.67m) and 5 ft 8 in (1.77m) tall, and likely to have been a white British national. Det Ch Insp Ocone said: "We're potentially dealing with somebody who's perhaps walking distances between locations, and having no ID or money or a wallet on them is part of their lifestyle. "It's a bit of a quandary at the moment, we just need to know who he is. "This man will be somebody's son; he may well be somebody's brother or uncle." The body was clothed in a black or dark grey Peter Storm raincoat, a grey/blue short-sleeved shirt, a black gilet and blue trousers with a dark leather belt. Dark trainers with a white sole and a beige baseball cap were found nearby. DNA provided no match with the national DNA database or the missing persons database, so the facial reconstruction was created by experts at Liverpool John Moores University.
| Face of mystery Cirencester skeleton reconstructed by experts
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
Solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Why? The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
New input: Skeletal remains were discovered in woodland off the A419 near Cirencester, by workmen in May last year. Gloucestershire police said the body had lain undiscovered for some time and there were no suspicious circumstances. The man's identity remains a mystery almost a year on, so experts have created an image of his face in the hope someone will recognise him. Det Ch Insp Richard Ocone said the body was "pretty decomposed, and was in effect a skeleton" when it was found. He said the man was probably in his early 30s - although could have been as old as 55 - between 5ft 5in (1.67m) and 5 ft 8 in (1.77m) tall, and likely to have been a white British national. Det Ch Insp Ocone said: "We're potentially dealing with somebody who's perhaps walking distances between locations, and having no ID or money or a wallet on them is part of their lifestyle. "It's a bit of a quandary at the moment, we just need to know who he is. "This man will be somebody's son; he may well be somebody's brother or uncle." The body was clothed in a black or dark grey Peter Storm raincoat, a grey/blue short-sleeved shirt, a black gilet and blue trousers with a dark leather belt. Dark trainers with a white sole and a beige baseball cap were found nearby. DNA provided no match with the national DNA database or the missing persons database, so the facial reconstruction was created by experts at Liverpool John Moores University.
Solution: | Face of mystery Cirencester skeleton reconstructed by experts | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
--------
Question: story: Hannah told a lot of lies. Her friends did too. It got them in a lot of trouble. They learned to be honest. It made their lives easier.
selected sentence: It got them in a lot of trouble.
Answer: Hannah and her friends tell lies >Causes/Enables> Hannah and her friends get in trouble
Question: story: There was a snow storm last night. I peeked out my front door and saw the steps were covered in ice. I put on my coat and hat and scarf before going outside. I sprinkled salt over the steps and on the sidewalk. I won't fall when I walk to the bus stop to go to school.
selected sentence: I put on my coat and hat and scarf before going outside.
Answer: It is cold >Causes/Enables> I put on my coat
Question: story: Jessie's friends invited her out. She wasn't allowed to. She decided to sneak out. She opened the window, and climbed out. Then, she ran off down the road.
selected sentence: Then, she ran off down the road.
Answer: | Jessie climbed about the window >Causes/Enables> Jessie ran down the road
| NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Part 2. Example
story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
Answer: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep
Explanation: The selected sentence is about a kid falling sleep, the answer correctly identifices an event causing the sentence to happen.
Part 3. Exercise
story: Jessie's friends invited her out. She wasn't allowed to. She decided to sneak out. She opened the window, and climbed out. Then, she ran off down the road.
selected sentence: Then, she ran off down the road.
Answer: | Jessie climbed about the window >Causes/Enables> Jessie ran down the road | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
instruction:
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
question:
Morley Safer - Correspondent: Not all the trolleys are in museums . A few cities like New Orleans and Philadelphia never gave theirs up . They 're feeling pretty smug about that now . More dramatically , some other cities have bitten the bullet and resumed service ... gone back to the future . Like San Diego , for instance . They 've been running trolleys since _ 1981 _ and adding new routes constantly . It seems to work unbelievably well . Listen to San Diego Mayor Maureen O'Connor .
Maureen O'Connor: Everyone in San Diego loves the trolley . The only problem now here is , we ca n't get them into the neighborhoods fast enough . They 're a clean , efficient system , and they 're very cost - effective .
answer:
YEAR
question:
Special Agent Seeley Booth: I told Caroline to drop my charges too ... I 'm not going to let you do this alone . She 's going to see the judge tomorrow morning at _ 10 _ , and then we can dive in on this case .
Dr. Temperance 'Bones' Brennan: Thanks Booth .
Special Agent Seeley Booth: We 're partners . That 's what we do . Right ?
answer:
TIME
question:
Josie: So how many people have you killed ?
Mitchell: Dunno . It 's hard to say . More than a hundred , less than a _ thousand _ .
answer:
| REFERENCE people
| NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Q: Sentence1: Streams A stream is a sequence of characters.
Sentence2: a sequence of characters may start with runoff or water seeping out of a spring.
A: | characters | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Between 1982 and 2007 the cost of a college education increased 439 percent. | education | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
Definition: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Input: Wendy Davis is the most popular politician in Texas.
Output: | polls | NIv2 | task613_politifact_text_generation | zs_opt |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. There are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. Carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. If none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. If your answer is "REFERENCE", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. Options to choose from are:
REFERENCE: Some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. The reference answer has a higher priority than any other. If both Reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the Reference.
YEAR: Describing a calendric year
AGE: Describing someone's age
CURRENCY: Reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc.
PEOPLE: Describing a single/plural persons
TIME: Describing a time of the day. Usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers.
OTHER: Some other option, which isn't listed here.
One example is below.
Q: Jess Mastriani: No, I don't want another crooler, thank you very much.
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: But it's good for you. It's got... honeyglaze. Please die for this crooler, Jess.
Jess Mastriani: I've had _ two _ already. Who eats three croolers in a night?
FBI Agent Nicole Scott: Take a look. [Nicole takes a huge bite] Mmmmm, Mmmmm, Mmmmm!
A: REFERENCE crooler
Rationale: In this example, the number two refers to something that appears in this text. In this example, it refers to the word: crooler.
Q: Josie: So how many people have you killed ?
Mitchell: Dunno . It 's hard to say . More than a hundred , less than a _ thousand _ .
A: | REFERENCE people | NIv2 | task304_numeric_fused_head_resolution | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Problem:Context: Well I have to say I think Mike Davis and his team @usopengolf done a fantastic job this week with the course. It was refreshing to play.— Ian Poulter (@IanJamesPoulter) June 15, 2014 Question: in what town did john just pull into? Answer: fresno
Solution: | no | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Q: In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Statement: But that is the exact situation that many low- and moderate-income taxpayers face when being audited by the Internal Revenue Service. Choices: 1. But that is the situation which is rare for those being audited by the IRS. 2. But that is the situation many low income taxpayers end up in when audited by the IRS and having their assets seized. 3. But that is the situation many low income taxpayers end up in when audited by the IRS.
A: | 1 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Statement: Some black teens tell researchers that they feel that society has so thoroughly stacked the deck against them with racial discrimination, crime, and poverty that their very survival depends on resisting tobacco. Choices: 1. All black teens feel like society treats them fairly and without discrimination. 2. Some black teens feel the deck is stacked against them. 3. Some black teens believe that tobacco use will only make their personal success more difficult to attain.
| 1 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Teacher:You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Al_Asad_Airbase | operatingOrganisation | United_States_Air_Force
United_States_Air_Force | battles | Invasion_of_Grenada
United_States_Air_Force | attackAircraft | Lockheed_AC-130
United_States_Air_Force | battles | Operation_Enduring_Freedom
Student: | The United States Air Force is the operating organization for Al Asad Airbase. Lockheed AC-130's can be found on US aircraft carriers. Two noteworthy battles fought by the air force are the Invasion of Grenada and The Operation Enduring Freedom. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
Q: You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them.
Context Word: strategies.
Question: PersonX stole all the new strategies from PersonY, because _ didn't have any of their own ideas.
Answer: PersonX
A: | PersonX stole all the new strategies from PersonY, because _ didn't have any of their own security. | NIv2 | task035_winogrande_question_modification_person | zs_opt |
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Ex Input:
Sentence1: waxy leaves are used for storing water by some plants.
Sentence2: waxy leaves are used for water conservation by some plants.
Ex Output:
leaves
Ex Input:
Sentence1: lightning can cause a forest fire.
Sentence2: Lightning can cause a natural cycle in forests.
Ex Output:
lightning
Ex Input:
Sentence1: Temperature Temperature is an measurement of the amount of heat.
Sentence2: heat falls from the equator to the poles.
Ex Output:
| heat
| NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Q: Statement: His shout was drowned in the roar of the motor. Choices: 1. His words were incomprehensible because of the engine. 2. He was perfectly audible over the slight rumble. 3. He tried to stop the car.
A: | 2 | NIv2 | task202_mnli_contradiction_classification | zs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
[Q]: Reece Roberts and Luke Haley, both from Sunderland, told their victim there would be arson attacks on his vehicles unless he handed over £15,000. At an earlier hearing at Newcastle Crown Court, both admitted blackmail. The judge has now jailed Roberts, 21 and of Pallion Park, for three and a half years and sentenced Haley, 22 and of Waterford Green, to 15 months, suspended for two years. Roberts had also pleaded guilty to an unrelated offence of dangerous driving in Hetton-le-Hole in February 2019. Bombarded The court heard how the victim and his mother had contacted police in January to report that a business he was connected to had been set on fire. He reported he was then bombarded with anonymous calls demanding he hand over £15,000. Northumbria Police began an investigation that resulted in the arrest of Roberts and Haley. Nobody was ever charged in relation to the arson. Speaking after the sentencing, Det Ch Insp Jane Fairlamb said: "This is a great result and I hope it goes to show that such despicable and selfish actions will not be tolerated. "This was a terrible ordeal for the victim and his family and no one should have to go through this."
[A]: Sunderland pair sentenced after admitting blackmail
[Q]: The Local Development Plan includes some houses which have already been built or have planning permission, but it would mean 1,366 new homes in Gwynedd in nine years. About 50 people protested outside the council chamber on Friday saying it would affect the Welsh language. Anglesey council will vote on the plan, which affects both counties, on Monday. The Gwynedd council vote was tied 30 to 30 with four abstaining, but with the chair in favour the proposal was passed. 'Traitors' Cabinet member Dafydd Meurig said in some parts of the county, particularly in the Llyn Peninsula, only people with local connections would be able to buy houses. One councillor, Alwyn Gruffydd of Llais Gwynedd, agreed with the campaigners, saying approval would make councillors "traitors". Some councillors had argued the decision should be delayed but were told this was not possible as the plan had to be accepted or rejected within eight weeks of a Welsh Government report. Menna Machreth, from Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (Welsh Language Society), had appealed for councillors to reject the plan, saying it would damage the language. The society has now urged Anglesey councillors to reject the plan. "It's clear that the housing targets that are forced on local councils are unfair and linguistically unsustainable," Ms Machreth said. Council leader Dyfrig Siencyn said: "The plan we have approved is based on comprehensive evidence regarding the matters which are most important for local people - housing which includes affordable housing, jobs and the Welsh language. "Crucially, in some coastal communities where the price of most houses are beyond the reach of local people, it includes an innovative local housing market policy - the first of its kind in Wales - which will ensure that any new homes are based on local needs." The report going before Anglesey councillors on Monday also recommends adopting the plan.
[A]: Gwynedd and Anglesey 8,000 houses plan backed by council
[Q]: Michael Green, 74, made two 999 calls after his neck became wedged against the furniture at his home in Leicester in September. Despite his distressed state, relatives said, it took crews nearly 90 minutes to respond, by which time he was dead. Ambulance bosses said the calls were correctly handled but Mr Green's family said they will go to the ombudsman. Mr Green suffered from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and pancreatitis. In recordings released to his family by East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS), Mr Green can be heard groaning with pain in the first call. When told an ambulance may take four hours, he responds: "Oh dear, the trouble is me neck's going dead with being stuck on the chair, I think I need somebody quick." He told the call handler he had already been stuck for about five hours. In a second call, 40 minutes later, he tells a different operator during the course of the call: "I feel like I'm going numb. "I've changed now... I'm not right... I'm passing out." An ambulance arrived nearly an hour-and-a-half after the first call. They found Mr Green unconscious and attempts at resuscitation were unsuccessful. His call had been classified as category three - urgent but not an emergency or life-threatening. His daughter Julie Green said: "It's very distressing to hear those calls. He was a strong character, I didn't expect him to die and really I want answers. "He was clearly stressed, he was trapped and the bottom line is I've lost my dad and it's hard to move on." A spokesman for EMAS said they were saddened by Mr Green's death but, with the information they had at the time, said the call was categorised correctly. Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected].
[A]: | Trapped man died while waiting for ambulance
| NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Example: Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution.
Sentence2: pollution can harm animals.
Output: pollution.
The word "pollution" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.
New input case for you: Sentence1: Temperature Temperature is an measurement of the amount of heat.
Sentence2: heat falls from the equator to the poles.
Output: | heat | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | fs_opt |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Example: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built."
Example solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service?
Example explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage.
Problem: Michael Green, 74, made two 999 calls after his neck became wedged against the furniture at his home in Leicester in September. Despite his distressed state, relatives said, it took crews nearly 90 minutes to respond, by which time he was dead. Ambulance bosses said the calls were correctly handled but Mr Green's family said they will go to the ombudsman. Mr Green suffered from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and pancreatitis. In recordings released to his family by East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS), Mr Green can be heard groaning with pain in the first call. When told an ambulance may take four hours, he responds: "Oh dear, the trouble is me neck's going dead with being stuck on the chair, I think I need somebody quick." He told the call handler he had already been stuck for about five hours. In a second call, 40 minutes later, he tells a different operator during the course of the call: "I feel like I'm going numb. "I've changed now... I'm not right... I'm passing out." An ambulance arrived nearly an hour-and-a-half after the first call. They found Mr Green unconscious and attempts at resuscitation were unsuccessful. His call had been classified as category three - urgent but not an emergency or life-threatening. His daughter Julie Green said: "It's very distressing to hear those calls. He was a strong character, I didn't expect him to die and really I want answers. "He was clearly stressed, he was trapped and the bottom line is I've lost my dad and it's hard to move on." A spokesman for EMAS said they were saddened by Mr Green's death but, with the information they had at the time, said the call was categorised correctly. Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected].
| Solution: Trapped man died while waiting for ambulance | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | fs_opt |
Teacher:Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Paul Hemming beat mother-of-three Natalie Hemming, 31, to death in the lounge of their Milton Keynes home while their children slept upstairs. Miss Hemming was found dead in woodland at Chandlers Cross, Hertfordshire, on 22 May, 21 days after she disappeared. Hemming, 43, was found guilty at Luton Crown Court and told he must serve a minimum term of 20 years. The noise of the attack woke the couple's six-year-old son, who went downstairs. When he peeked through a gap in the door he saw his mother's body, which by then his father had wrapped in a blanket. Not realising she had been killed and fearing he would be told off for being awake, he crept back to his bedroom. Zoo trip When the youngster and his two sisters got up the next morning, their father claimed their mother had left the house while they were asleep. He then took them to Whipsnade Zoo for a day out. Hours earlier, while the children slept, Hemming had carried his partner's naked body out of the house, transferred it in the boot of his car and driven 30 miles from the family home in Alderney Avenue, Newton Leys, Milton Keynes, to Toms Wood, Chandlers Cross, south Hertfordshire. There, he dragged her corpse by her feet into thick undergrowth. He left her face down beneath the trees, where she was found three weeks later by a man who had been mowing a meadow nearby. Hemming had earlier admitted manslaughter, claiming he never meant to kill Miss Hemming or cause her serious bodily harm. 'Lack of remorse' He claimed she died when he threw a heavy ornament at her which, he said, accidentally hit her on the head. Hemming said by the time he got to her she was not breathing and he knew she was dead. But Simon Russell-Flint QC, for the prosecution, said Miss Hemming had been killed "in a fit of rage and jealousy" when Hemming learnt she had been unfaithful to him and was planning to leave him and take the children. In sentencing, Judge Richard Foster told Hemming: "Natalie Hemming knew, you were overbearing, controlling, jealous and on occasions violent. You said you would mend your ways but you did not. "The manner in which you have conducted yourself since the murder indicates a complete lack of remorse." The judge passed a concurrent sentence of five years for the offences of obstructing the coroner and preventing Natalie's lawful burial.
Student: | Natalie Hemming murder: Jealous partner jailed for life | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Input: Consider Input: story: Mary's family enjoyed pancakes and eggs on lazy weekend mornings. Mary woke up early on Saturday to give her family a surprise. She heated up the stove and began to cook. The family woke up to the delicious smell of their favorite breakfast. The family all came downstairs and began eating in joy.
selected sentence: The family woke up to the delicious smell of their favorite breakfast.
Output: Mary cooks breakfast >Causes/Enables> Mary's family smells breakfast
Input: Consider Input: story: Reggie woke up hungry one morning. He went to the kitchen to see what he could eat. There was eggs and rice in the refrigerator. Reggie took the eggs and put them on the stove. He cooked the eggs until they were no longer runny.
selected sentence: There was eggs and rice in the refrigerator.
Output: Reggie puts eggs in the fridge >Causes/Enables> Eggs are in the fridge
Input: Consider Input: story: Gina had been in Illinois for close to 2 weeks. She had recently gotten a phone card so she could call back home. She was able to speak with her friend 4 times. Then the card ran out of money. Gina felt as if she was alone again.
selected sentence: Then the card ran out of money.
| Output: Gina uses the phone card >Causes/Enables> The card runs out of money
| NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
Teacher: In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
Solution: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep
Reason: The selected sentence is about a kid falling sleep, the answer correctly identifices an event causing the sentence to happen.
Now, solve this instance: story: Gina had been in Illinois for close to 2 weeks. She had recently gotten a phone card so she could call back home. She was able to speak with her friend 4 times. Then the card ran out of money. Gina felt as if she was alone again.
selected sentence: Then the card ran out of money.
Student: | Gina uses the phone card >Causes/Enables> The card runs out of money | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt |
Teacher:In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Context: El Hijo del perro Aguayo Respect to fallen brother in arms! I and the WWE universe pray for your peace an comfort to your family!— TheMarkHenry (@TheMarkHenry) March 21, 2015 Question: what is spanish for 'respect to fallen brother in arms'? Answer: el hijo del perro aguayo
Student: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Q: A.S._Gubbio_1910 | ground | Italy
Italy | language | Italian_language
A: The ground of A.S. Gubbio 1910 is located in Italy, where the Italian language is spoken.
****
Q: Allama_Iqbal_International_Airport | operatingOrganisation | Pakistan_Civil_Aviation_Authority
Allama_Iqbal_International_Airport | cityServed | Lahore
Allama_Iqbal_International_Airport | location | Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab,_Pakistan | country | Pakistan
Pakistan | leaderName | Anwar_Zaheer_Jamali
A: Allama Iqbal International Airport is located in Punjab, Pakistan and serves the city of Lahore. It is operated by the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority. Anwar Zaheer Jamali is one of the leaders of Pakistan.
****
Q: Bacon_Explosion | country | United_States
United_States | ethnicGroup | Asian_Americans
United_States | capital | Washington,_D.C.
A: | The Bacon Explosion is from the United States where Asian Americans are one of the ethnic groups and the capital city is Washington D.C.
****
| NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
See one example below:
Problem: Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol | runwayName | "09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan'"
Solution: Amsterdam Airport Schipol runway name is 09/27 Buitenvelderbaan.
Explanation: The simplest form of input is a single triple. Here the text describes the relationship in natural language.
Problem: Bacon_Explosion | country | United_States
United_States | ethnicGroup | Asian_Americans
United_States | capital | Washington,_D.C.
Solution: | The Bacon Explosion is from the United States where Asian Americans are one of the ethnic groups and the capital city is Washington D.C. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., "survival" and "survive" are valid overlapping words. Little words like "the" or "of" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.
Q: Sentence1: Mussels are bivalve mollusks.
Sentence2: Most mussels have shells.
A: | Mussels | NIv2 | task039_qasc_find_overlapping_words | zs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a context tweet, a question and corresponding answer of given question. Your task is to classify given passage into two categories: (1) "yes" if the given context is useful in answering the question, and (2) "no" if the given context is not useful.
Context: Jeff Flake, with an 18% approval rating in Arizona, said "a lot of my colleagues have spoken out." Really, they just gave me a standing O!— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) October 25, 2017 Question: what rating does jeff flake have in arizona Answer: 18%
Output: | yes | NIv2 | task242_tweetqa_classification | zs_opt |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
The pop star was performing Halo from an audience pit when the incident happened. She continued to sing her encore while security guards tried to extract her from the fan, which was mounted on the edge of the stage. Several people caught the mishap on video and the singer later joked about it on her social media accounts. She posted a handwritten note on Instagram reworking the lyrics to Halo to include the line: "Gravity can't begin to pull me out of the fan again." The singer's Mrs Carter Show world tour, which began in Belgrade in April, runs until December. Inflatable penguins Beyonce is not the first star to suffer a Spinal Tap moment on stage. U2 got stuck inside a giant mechanical Lemon during a Norwegian date of their PopMart tour in 1997. Fleetwood Mac brought a 70ft (21.3m) inflatable penguin on the road in 1977, intending for it to rise from the back of the stage and fly over the audience. "It would never fully inflate - it must have had leaks or something," Lindsey Buckingham later told Rolling Stone . "This thing was limping and floundering at the back of the stage. It never flew." Mick Fleetwood added: "It was a disaster." Meanwhile, Ozzy Osbourne came a cropper when a catapult malfunctioned during his 1981 Diary Of A Madman tour. "This catapult was supposed to throw this meat into the audience," he told the magazine. "Well, they'd been trying it out all day, so the elastic wasn't quite as strong during the show. I'm standing there, I put my foot on this lever and several pounds of offal slowly comes and splats on the back of my head."
| Beyonce gets hair caught in concert fan | NIv2 | task1356_xlsum_title_generation | zs_opt |
Definition: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Input: Denmark | leaderName | Lars_Løkke_Rasmussen
School of Business and Social Sciences at the Aarhus University | city | Aarhus
European_University_Association | headquarters | Brussels
School of Business and Social Sciences at the Aarhus University | country | Denmark
Aarhus | has to its northeast | Mols
School of Business and Social Sciences at the Aarhus University | affiliation | European_University_Association
Denmark | religion | Church_of_Denmark
Output: | The religion of Denmark is the Church of Denmark and the country is lead by Lars Lokke Rasummsen. The city of Aarhus which is located southwest of Mols is the location of the School of Business and Social Sciences at the Aarhus University. The School is affiliated with the European University Association headquartered in Brussels. | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Q: story: I had a favorite stuffed animal when I was younger. It was a tiger named Tigey. I always played with Tigey, but one day I forgot him outside. It rained that night and one of Tiger's eyes fell out. I learned to take care of my things If I want to keep them nice.
selected sentence: I had a favorite stuffed animal when I was younger.
A: | I have stuffed animals >Causes/Enables> I have a favorite stuffed animal | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | zs_opt |
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