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Mano Menezes has been confirmed as the new
[Brazil](https://www.theguardian.com/football/brazil) coach, replacing Dunga, whose contract was not renewed following Brazil's disappointing World Cup campaign.
The Corinthians manager was invited to coach the five-times world champions yesterday after Muricy Ramalho earlier snubbed an approach by the Confederation of Brazilian Football due to his commitments at Fluminense.
"Mano Menezes is the new coach of the Brazil national team," said the CBF. "By accepting the invitation of president Ricardo Teixeira last night, [he] will have the opportunity to register his name in the history of great winners if they achieve the feat that successive generations will not be able to witness: being six-times World Cup champions in Brazil.
"President Teixeira was satisfied with the way the conversation went, with the courage and the willingness shown by Mano Menezes to take on the great challenge, and with his commitment to carry out the changes the squad needs to succeed in the
[World Cup 2014](https://www.theguardian.com/football/world-cup-2014).
"Even more important, according to Teixeira, was the desire shown by Menezes in arming the Brazil national team with a competitive style but which also has the 'face' of Brazilian football, which can be translated as lively football, marked by talent which the fans and members of the media are dreaming to see again."
Menezes, 48, will be unveiled on Monday at a press conference and will also reveal the squad for his first game in charge – a friendly against the United States on 10 August.
Their hopes of a sixth triumph ended at the quarter-final stage in South Africa as they let slip a 1-0 lead to suffer a shock 2-1 loss to the eventual runners-up Holland. Rebuilding for the next World Cup is the incoming coach's primary responsibility and Teixeira believes in Menezes they have the right man for the job.
The CBF president said: "He showed courage and also pride to have the opportunity that every coach in the world dreams of, which is to steer the Brazil national team. I am sure that he will accomplish great work by 2014.
"The Brazil national team, as the new coach said to me, will again have a significant presence of players who play for Brazilian clubs. Mano Menezes, undeniably, is the coach with the ability to conduct this process."
Menezes shot to prominence in 2005 by guiding Gremio into the Brazilian top flight before leading them to the final of the Copa Libertadores two years later. He took charge at Corinthians in late 2007, taking the club to promotion from Campeonato Brasileiro Série B before winning the Campeonato Paulista and Copa do Brasil last year. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/1 | {
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Austria vs Brazil. International Match.
Ernst Happel StadionAttendance48,500.
Wednesday 19 November 2014 08:11, UK
Roberto Firmino's superb late strike ensured Brazil continued their winning start under new coach Dunga with a 2-1 friendly victory over Austria in Vienna.
David Luiz opened the scoring for Brazil in the second half and, although Austria drew level through Aleksandar Dragovic's penalty soon after, the South American giants claimed the win thanks to Firmino's 25-yard thunderbolt with seven minutes remaining.
The result means Brazil have now won all six of their matches since Dunga - back for his second stint in charge of the national team - replaced Luiz Felipe Scolari in the hotseat following this summer's World Cup disappointment.
Brazil had not even conceded a goal in Dunga's opening five matches and, although that record came to an end on Tuesday night, their winning run did not.
The hosts had plenty of possession early on but were unable to create much to trouble Brazil goalkeeper Diego Alves, although they did hit the frame of the goal just before the half-hour mark when visiting midfielder Luiz Gustavo inadvertently headed a free-kick against his own crossbar.
Brazil took the lead in the 64th minute when Luiz headed home a corner, but Austria, who have enjoyed an impressive start to their Euro 2016 qualifying campaign, were level 10 minutes later from the penalty spot.
Chelsea playmaker Oscar brought down Aston Villa forward Andreas Weimann in the box and Dragovic subsequently became the first player to score against Brazil in Dunga's second spell.
It was not enough to earn Austria a draw, though, as eight minutes from time Hoffenheim midfielder Firmino smashed home an unstoppable effort into the roof of the net to give Brazil the victory.
Firmino, who was in the Brazil squad for the first time, said: "I'm very happy as I was able to get onto the field and play alongside these gifted team-mates.
"This is a dream that came true, wearing this shirt is the best. I've had the chance to play in the two games and I also scored, so I cannot be more thankful. It was a nice shot."
Team-mate Filipe Luis said Austria - who were previously unbeaten in 2014 - were difficult opponents.
The Chelsea defender said: "They marked as strong as they could and that made it very hard for us to give (a) clean ball to the attackers.
"We found it very difficult to find some space, but that is not excuse. Austria are a tough squad, that are doing well in their Euro qualifiers." | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/2 | {
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Brazil exits Copa America after blatant handball goal
THE Copa America erupted in controversy after a refereeing blunder sent Brazil crashing out of the tournament.
THE Copa America Centenario erupted into controversy on Sunday after a refereeing blunder sent Brazil crashing to a 1-0 defeat against Peru — and out of the tournament.
The defeat left Brazil struggling to digest their worst performance in the Copa America since 1987, the last occasion the five-time world champions failed to make it past the group stage.
Brazil, needing only a draw to qualify for the quarter-finals as winners of Group B, looked to be on course for a place in the last eight with 15 minutes to go against Peru.
But a rare foray into Brazilian territory from Peru ended with Raul Ruidiaz bundling in Andy Polo's cross from the byline, appearing to use his arm to score.
Ruidiaz wheeled away to celebrate and Uruguayan referee Andres Cunha signalled for the goal.
Brazil's players protested furiously, swarming around Cunha in a bid to persuade the official to reverse his decision.
The protests appeared to have swayed Cunha, who looked to be frantically checking with the fourth official via his headpiece to determine whether the goal should stand.
Yet after a chaotic delay of around four minutes — with players from both sides surrounding the referee — Cunha ruled the goal should stand.
Multiple replays from different angles however showed that Ruidiaz had used his arm to knock the ball into the net past Brazil keeper Alisson.
Bedlam at Peru-Brazil right now.â Luke Thomas (@SBNLukeThomas)
[June 13, 2016]
If you believe video replays aren't necessary for modern sports, you're a luddite and that's all. Indefensible.â Luke Thomas (@SBNLukeThomas)
[June 13, 2016]
Brazil pressed forward in the final closing minutes in an attempt to find an equaliser that would take them through but it was to no avail.
Elias squandered a golden chance from close range in injury time and Brazil's fate was sealed.
Peru will now play Colombia in the quarter-finals after finishing top of Group B.
Despite the controversial nature of the result, Brazil coach Dunga is likely to come under renewed pressure after what was a lacklustre tournament.
The Brazilians, desperate to begin the road to recovery after their humiliating 7-1 defeat by Germany in the World Cup semi-finals two years ago, never convinced at any point of the group stage.
A 0-0 opening draw with Ecuador — where a refereeing decision which might have given Ecuador a victory went in Brazil's favour — was followed by a 7-1 drubbing of Haiti, arguably the weakest team in the tournament.
Another drab display against Peru followed on Sunday, with Dunga's side barely getting a shot on goal in the first-half with the exception of a shot by Gabriel in the 26th minute that was tipped away by Peru goalkeeper Pedro Gallese.
Originally published as
[Brazil exits Copa America after blatant handball goal](https://news.com.au/sport/football/brazil-exits-copa-america-after-blatant-handball-goal/news-story/6a3f85304418086b6cc3a5e5b9c63cb8) | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/3 | {
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World Cup qualifying: Brazil beat Paraguay to seal place in Russia
Brazil have become the first side to seal their place at the World Cup finals in Russia next year.
Their 3-0 win over Paraguay, along with defeats for Argentina and Uruguay, means they cannot finish lower than fourth in South American qualifying.
Liverpool forward Philippe Coutinho, Barcelona striker Neymar and Real Madrid's Marcelo scored Brazil's goals.
Neymar also missed a penalty as his side moved nine points clear of second-placed Colombia.
It is Brazil's eighth straight win under coach Tite.
Paraguay, meanwhile, find themselves five points off the top four with only four games remaining.
Two-time World Cup winners Argentina face a battle to qualify for Russia with their
[2-0 defeat to Bolivia](http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39426302) leaving them fifth, a point behind Chile.
They will have to do so without forward Lionel Messi, who has been
[banned for four international matches](http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39423000) for directing "insulting words" at an assistant referee during last Thursday's 1-0 win over Chile.
Uruguay, who were beaten 2-1 by Peru in Lima on Tuesday, are third.
The team that finishes fifth will face the winners of the Oceania group in a two-legged play-off.
'What a difference a coach makes'
"Less than a year ago, Brazil were struggling badly in World Cup qualification," South American football expert Tim Vickery told BBC Radio 5 live. "With a third of the campaign gone they were down in sixth in South America's table and in danger of missing out on Russia 2018.
"What a difference a coach makes. Out went the snarling Dunga and in came Tite - charismatic and intelligent - and he made an immediate impact.
"His side have put together eight consecutive wins, scoring 24 goals and conceding just two.
"The likes of Neymar and Philippe Coutinho are playing the kind of stylish brand of football that, historically, has made so many fall in love with that famous yellow shirt.
"They now just need to guard against an excess of euphoria - a lovely problem to have for a proud footballing nation, who just a few months ago were fretting about the prospect of missing out on a World Cup." | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/4 | {
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Regular bacon cheeseburgers not enough for you? A small burger chain in California has the answer.
"The 'merica," brainchild of Slater's 50/50 founder Scott Slater, is made of 100% ground bacon and topped with a sunny side up egg, bacon island dressing, bacon cheddar cheese and a slice of – what else – bacon.
Customers have been ordering July's burger of the month in droves.
"People are loving it, said spokesman Justin Frank. "They love the name and they love celebrating Fourth of July by eating an American bacon burger."
Slater intially came up with a burger that is 50 percent ground beef and 50 percent ground bacon that gave the chain it's name.
But the original concept for the chain comes from the idea of a burger made entirely out of bacon, says spokeswoman Erika Diprofio. Slater wanted to settle a bet on whether an all-bacon burger was possible.
Want a calorie count? No dice. But there are also bacon milk shakes and a bacon bloody marys on the menu.
The three-location chain had a pulled-pork burger for June, then celebrated May with a chorizo burger, according to the website FoodBeast.
Other burgers of the month include an Orange Chicken burger and a Cheese Frito burger, said the site.
What would you make your favorite burger out of? Tell us in the comments!
[Follow Ryan Gorman on Twitter](https://twitter.com/#%21/GormoJourno/) | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/5 | {
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- Very easy to use, even for beginners
- Tightly integrated with stock photo image bank
- Can be used for free if you use your own photos
- No page grids
- No alignment tools
Canva makes design simple, easy, and fast.
Price When Reviewed
Best Prices Today: Canva
Do you chomp at the bit to use design software? Unless design is your profession or hobby, our guess would be: not often. Those of us who aren't graphically inclined (example: Yaara) shrink from the complications of Photoshop, and even simpler programs take more effort than we're willing to expend. Those of us who design professionally (example: Erez) want powerful tools, but we're not sorry to take shortcuts if the results look right. If you need to make beautiful posters, invitations, cards, website graphics, or even multiple-page presentations, Canva is a design service you're going to want to use.
Still in invitation-only beta, Canva is a design service that takes the friction out of designing. All you have to do is choose one of 11 available templates or start from a custom-sized blank canvas. You then use the Layouts and Background tabs to get a rough idea of what you want to design. These tabs are chock-full of options to choose from, whether you want a complete template or just a nice background to build on.
Canva revolves entirely around intuitive controls such as drag-and-drop, so adding, removing, and editing elements on your canvas is almost a no-brainer. This also means that if you're used to design software giving you a hand with page grids and object distribution features, you're out of luck. Canva does show live orientation guides as you drag objects around, but they are not as sophisticated as those used by online typesetting services such as
Use the search function to browse an enormous repository of images, and the Text tab to add free text or stylized text with built-in backgrounds. While many Canva elements are completely free to use, most images you'll see on search results are Premium, and will cost you $1 per image once you download your design. You can, however, easily upload you own photos or graphics, or use ones you have on Facebook, so while Canva's Premium options are certainly tempting, they're not a must.
Rather than overwhelm with options, Canva gives you just a handful of picks. This is evident in the built-in color picker as well: You can change the color used for text and some of the built-in glyphs, but you're first only presented with a limited palette of 5-8 colors that fit your general color scheme. If you know the specific hue you're after, you can click through for a more standard color picker that also lets you feed in a hex color code.
Canva is an amazing tool for the clueless, and can come in handy for professionals too. It makes designing uniformly easy for everyone, but it's by no means aimed only at amateurs. The simplicity and richness of the tools will get you coming back for more every day, and according to Canva's developers, the current features are only 1% of what they have in store for us.
As it is now, Canva brings sophisticated design abilities to the masses. We can only hope future features don't render the service complicated to use. Hurry up and request your beta invite, this is one service you won't want to miss. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/6 | {
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Haifa –" When you look out to the Mediterranean from the ruins of Wadi Salib, the most impressive piece of the skyline is ironically a government building which houses the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption. It looks like the sliver of a bloated disco ball beckoning to the waterfront serving as a testament to Israeli modernity.
Nearby, before you reach the slopes of the Carmel Mountains somewhere between the Hadar shopping district and the taverns of Kikkar Paris not far from the Haifa waterfront lies the historic Arab neighborhood of Wadi Salib. You feel its age when you see the sign of the abandoned barbershop still there since 1948. But that's only the beginning of the story.
Wadi Salib literally means Valley of the Cross. Some say when you look down towards the waterfront, the neighborhood is shaped like a cross and others like the nuns who used to live in the Latin monastery nearby claim that as the neighborhood swerves to its upper hillsides, you can see the outlines of the symbol. Billboards for new developments are up next to the newly constructed arches, though pleasant to look at, serve as a rococo façade to the aging staircases.
The old stone houses, empty and dilapidated, full of memory are juxtaposed against the modernity of the more recently constructed buildings in the vicinity –" the contours of the massive new Law building rip through the neighborhood several stories high dwarfing the aging one and two story stone flats across the boulevard creating an architecture of fear. Many Arabs see this as a metaphor for power relations in the country between Jews and Arabs. One can't help but draw parallels to the regional narrative – a Jewish nation western in mindset in the Middle Eastern Arab world trying to overcome differences over language, culture, religion and historical interpretation. Wadi Salib could become a case study in reconciliation in the mixed city of Haifa where Jews and Arabs live together in relative peace. Although the Maxim Restaurant was bombed here in October of 2003, Haifa is still seen as the model for coexistence in Israel.
Haifa is mentioned in documents dating back to the 2nd century but is over 5,000 years old. Jews and Arabs practiced coexistence for centuries here long before it was fashionable. Here the Carmelite order of monks was founded near Elijah's cave after European crusaders persecuted the Jewish community in their efforts to convert them. By 1256 Haifa was destroyed by Muslims and was eventually abandoned and became a small seaport after the nearby city of Acre fell in 1291.
From Wadi Salib you can see the Old City walls of Haifa which were originally built in 1761 under the Ottoman Empire. There were Muslim and Christian Arabs living side by side within the walls until the middle of the nineteenth century when development in Haifa was pushed to other parts of the city. Napoleon and his French forces were eventually defeated in nearby Akko.
The development of the German colony near Ben Gurion Street began in 1867 and by the early part of the 20th century new Jewish settlers began arriving and settling near where the Haifa Hof Ha-Carmel train station sits today. At the end of the Ottoman Empire and the beginning of the British Mandate, the Jewish community grew in population, often sailing in to the port of Haifa from Europe and other destinations. Wadi Salib and nearby Wadi Nisnas remained the main Arab neighborhoods in Haifa and were the sight of numerous riots in the 1930's and 1940's relating to frustration with the British Mandate and the increasing Jewish population.
Following the Holocaust and the Second World War, internal pressure from the Zionist movement as well as support from the Allied powers for a Jewish state created the conditions for the establishment of the State of Israel. It left in its wake thousands of displaced Arabs and dozens of destroyed villages. 60,000 Arabs were forced out of Haifa alone beginning the process of cultural effacement – only 3,000 Arabs remained.
Families who had lived in Haifa for generations fled to the West Bank and nearby countries like Syria, Jordan and Lebanon. Neighborhoods like Wadi Salib and Wadi Nisnas faced challenges as the former centers of Arab culture in the area along with cities like Nazareth, Jerusalem and Jaffa. The remains of Wadi Salib are part of the larger story of Haifa and the establishment of the State of Israel. It today still serves as an historic fracture on Haifa's urban landscape.
Johnny Mansour, a professor of history at Mar Elias University in the Galilee, often talks about how the disintegration of culture and history in the Arab community has historically been done systematically and that the community has not had the capacity to respond. In his tours of the neighborhood, he tells listeners that he doesn't want the stories of the families who left in 1948 to be forgotten. They should be part of the city's memory.
In Wadi Salib, where many of the buildings are still abandoned, the neighborhood is a contested space where development pressures combined with private ownership of these historic buildings will mean greater interest in reviving the neighborhood. The challenge will be in how to stop historic buildings from being torn down and in developing the neighborhood in a way that respects its history. Wadi Nisnas, though it was never abandoned, was remodeled for tourists, but serves today as a residential, cultural and commercial center for the Arab community in Haifa. Many believe that Wadi Salib can be brought back to life but that it needs to be done with patience, care and attention. Rehabilitating Wadi Salib will serve as a challenge to the Arab and Jewish community in Haifa. With the many destroyed and unrecognized villages throughout Israel, Wadi Salib is part of the broader attempt to work out Israel's present development needs with its past obligations.
Johnny Mansour likes to point out a series of buildings that now house some taverns and a theater just off of Shivat Zion Street. One of these buildings used to be known as the Palace of the Pasha, a remnant of the once ruling Ottoman Empire. The Pasha's son went on to become a judge in the Haifa district court. Next door was a Turkish Bathhouse where families used to frequent with their children. In the building which now houses the Roof for Demobilized Soldiers, there used to be an Oriental club which used to bring in musicians and dancers from Cairo. The hulva shop which was taken over by a Jewish family after 1948 and where many Arabs frequented after Al Nakba was torn down just a few years ago. The Jjrar family house still sits on the hillside overlooking Wadi Salib reflecting its time once as home to one of the wealthiest Arab families in the region. The Haifa University Geography Department recently looked into purchasing the building.
Part of the Muslim cemetery in Wadi Salib was uprooted and split in half to make way for the highway between Haifa and Nazareth. The Istiklal mosque still operates in Wadi Salib. The construction cranes and the scaffolding can now be seen on the outskirts of the neighbourhood foreshadowing the development to come under the City's new plan.
After 1948, many of the buildings were confiscated after the government passed the Absentee Owners Property Law which allowed for the confiscation of Arab property in the early 1950's. Immigrating Mizrahi Jews soon took over many of the Arab flats and but also faced discrimination from the ruling clique of Occidental Jews in their early days in Israel. In 1959, they rioted over "bread and work" and criticized many of the institutions of the state including the powerful elites in the Labour Party and the Histadrut labour union. These protests led to changes and eventually many of the Mizrahi Jews moved out of Wadi Salib and in to new neighborhoods in Haifa as the city grew up the slopes of the Carmel.
There is now talk in some quarters that Wadi Salib could be designated as a UNESCO heritage site if people in the community led the effort to recognize it. Tel Aviv was recently given the designation for its large supply of Bauhaus architecture much to Tom Wolfe's chagrin.
A few months ago, community activists organized to stop the demolition of Arab intellectual Emil Touma's house situated between Wadi Salib and Wadi Nisnas. There is now a plan for the Institute which bears his name to move into the building when the funding becomes available. These kinds of community efforts to reclaim part of the history of these neighborhoods are gaining support in both the Jewish and Arab communities as a means of reconciliation and in working towards equal rights and a shared history. Many Arabs still feel singled out and are given differential treatment in attempting to find housing in certain neighborhoods in Haifa.
Ultimately, what happens to Wadi Salib and its future development cannot be removed from the reason why it became a dead neighborhood in the first place. The development must be gradual, there must be leadership from the Arab community, support from the Jewish community and the development must find a way of negotiating through the tensions that clearly remain.
As these tensions work themselves out in Wadi Salib over the next fifteen years, this will be a neighbourhood to watch. In the mean time the buildings sit empty carrying memories of families long gone continuing to serve as a textbook example of urban blight. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/7 | {
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GEN Ghana was founded in 2013. One of its members is the Ghana Permaculture Institute, a non profit organization in Techiman, in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. Paul Yeboah shares the work of this initiative, which has been supported by the UK based company Lush. It shows how permaculture and ecovillage principles provide solutions for regions that are ripe for making the change to a more sustainable lifestyle.
The Permaculture Institute was established especially for the rural dwellers, low-income, and peasant farmers of Ghana. Our aim is to achieve a secure, stable food system in conjunction with the restoration and care of local ecosystems while improving the quality of life for all inhabitants. The methods we use are based on Permaculture Design principles. We intend to make Ghana a leading example in caring for the Earth and its people.
In early 2004, Permaculture teacher Greg Knibbs was invited by the Abbott of Kristo Buase Benedictine Monastery in Ghana to come and run two Permaculture Design Courses (PDCs), and to help redesign the Monastery's 430 acre farm. On the course, Greg met Paul Yeboah, the farm manager at the time. Greg and Paul became good friends and together worked to set up the non-profit Ghana Permaculture Network in 2004 (since then renamed Ghana Permaculture Institute).
In 2007 Greg came back to Ghana to co-teach another PDC with Paul for the members of the growing network, and then again in 2009 to meet the growing demand for courses.
Evidence to Act
The greatest problem in our region is poverty, as seventy per cent of the people are living below the poverty line. Many youth have been unemployed for years and are fast losing any hope of getting out of the poverty trap. The situation needs immediate resolution in the form of capacity-building and the creation of employment.
The widespread poverty also traps people in environmentally destructive systems, as they lack access and means to other knowledge and possibilities. Through no fault of their own, the people continue using their land and local ecosystems in ways that further degrade them. The collapse of soil systems and ecosystems affects everyone negatively. Utilizing Permaculture Design principles we have proven solutions to meet these challenges.
We have started to introduce the Permaculture concept to schools, communities and farmers, to mining companies, government and NGOs in Ghana. On a long term basis, we want to develop communities as model Eco-Villages and permaculture demonstration sites, where people can teach each other through their experience and the positive examples of working systems.
The Institute's Actions
The Institute is actively training people in local communities in the development of strategies for earth restoration, food security systems, economic stability, and the care of people, using Permaculture Design ethics and principles.
We assist farmers in our institute with appropriate supplies of seeds, trees, and cereal grains. We share practical knowledge with them on how to develop their farms so they can improve yields using local, simple and reproducible techniques.
We also help farmers to search for buyers who pay fair and better prices, freeing them from the need for a middleman. All of this work helps to foster self-reliance and self-employment, thereby improving income and living standards for the local people.
We discourage bush burning and encourage the old tradition of crop rotation, as well as encouraging tree planting as a means to check soil erosion and generally protect our environment.
We slowly introduce more complicated, sophisticated, and productive permaculture agroforestry systems to the farmers over time. We also carry out research on the nutritional and medicinal values of various local plants.
Since 2004 the Institute has set up 50 community tree nurseries and offers advice and training to local farmers. Currently we are networking with over 5,000 farmers. We are also introducing Permaculture to schools, teaching children about earth care. We have donated trees to schools, community organizations, and also farmers.
In 2008 we donated over 35,000 trees to the United Nation Trees for Africa programme. We continue to give away thousands of trees and teach people how to design food gardens, control the severe erosion, and restore the environment around their homes.
Small farm demonstration site
On a small piece of land on the edge of Techiman, we started a training and demonstration centre as a model small permaculture farm. Key components of this site are a mushroom growing project, a tree nursery, a number of different food growing systems, accommodation and training space for courses. There are multiple, diverse income streams for the site enabling us to employ 11 people.
Waste sawdust (that is usually otherwise burned) from nearby sawmills is collected, composted, sterilized and bagged up, before being inoculated with oyster mushroom spawn, which is incubated in sheds and then cropped periodically.
The mushrooms are sold to local markets, and the inoculated bags are also sold directly from the farm at a cheap price so that people can take them back to their communities by the hundred or thousand and set up their own cropping house, producing mushrooms for 3 months.
We have many customers and, in this way, many new local rural businesses are created, nutritious food provided and the local economy is developed. We also run specialist courses in mushroom growing.
Women's group microfinance (Permaculture Ethical Women Loan Scheme)
We encourage women's groups formed in the communities to apply for a loan and start up their own small businesses. The women themselves assess whether they think a woman is able to repay the loan and then put her forward to receive it.
The GPN staff running the scheme, travel to each community regularly and at the same time as "opening the bank" they also give trainings on food and nutrition; how to run a business; home gardening; and other topics as the need is perceived. In this way, staff slowly introduce permaculture into the community.
GPN provided help with seeds and other materials, and as each group developed, a proposal was given to set up a tree nursery in the local school, with GPN again providing material support.
As well as offering the lowest credit rates available to the women, the scheme also operates as a bank where people can safely deposit their savings (and so some women could protect it from their husbands so it couldn't get spent on drinking!).
The fact that the bank comes to them in their own community is a big advantage to the women, as they do not have to pay to travel far to town and leave their children or crops unattended.
Medicinal moringa soap making
Moringa is a wonderful tree that GPN use a lot in their systems. It is a fast growing, nitrogen-fixing pioneer species that is drought-resistant, and is planted to improve the soil and give shade and support to other plants. In addition to this, it is highly nutritious: its leaves can be used in soups and stews and it produces an edible bean as well as an oil-bearing seed.
GPN has started a micro-business programme making medicinal soap from the juiced Moringa leaves combined with coconut oil, shea butter and caustic soda. They also make creams and ointments with Moringa, as it has powerful anti-fungal and anti-bacterial effects and is good for skin problems. The products are very popular and we are selling lots of them, including a regular order to the neighbouring country, Cote D'Ivoir, of 1000-2000 bars per month.
Our business "Natural Moringa Enterprise" is now producing and selling the soap. We are justifiably proud that the project has achieved far more than its initial aims!
You can read more about this part of the project here:
Ghana Permaculture Institute Ecological Building
Ecological building design conserves energy using, for example, trellised vegetation around the building for shade and cooling, and to filter out dust instead of using an air conditioning unit that would consume electricity. We aim to minimise energy consumption in the building and then meet the energy needs using renewable energy.
This type of building has attracted the attention of many people in Ghana, especially people living with low income resources. This is because the materials are available to them from the land as well as being much cheaper than steel and concrete. By combining traditional natural materials with modern ecological building techniques we can achieve buildings that are comfortable, affordable, environmentally friendly and beautiful.
Our Vision for the Ghana Permaculture Institute
We want to extend our work by developing a working Permaculture farm and training centre. The students will work with rural farmers and communities across Ghana to help them retrofit their land. Our Permaculture team will offer consultancy in Permaculture design and village development to governments, the private sector, and local and international organizations. Our goal is to build up a network of well trained and qualified Permaculture teachers and designers for work in Ghana and to spread across Africa.
Partnership / Collaboration
We are looking for all possible support and collaboration from local and international organizations wishing to support us in our fight to protect the environment, encourage sustainable agriculture, and aid the rural populace in achieving self-reliance and improved living standards.
We are also looking for international youth wanting to come for internships as part of their university degrees or wishing to do 6 -12 months volunteer service in Ghana and Africa.
Information on Ghana:
Director, Ghana Permaculture Institute
Box TM 390
Techiman – Brong Ahafo Region
Tel.: +233 249892457 | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/8 | {
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Hurricane Maria: The missing and the dead
Officials of the Dominica Police Force recently released the names of people who have died and those who are missing due to the passage of Hurricane Maria. The list reveals the staggering impact of the hurricane on human life on the island: 31 people have been confirmed dead and 34 missing.
Pointe Michel and Loubiere were the hardest hit in terms of human casualties. According to information from the police, four are confirmed dead in Pointe Michel and 13 are missing. They have also confirmed that on October 23, 2017 two skulls and skeletal remains were discovered in Pointe Michel at the home where Darry Grove, Nashon Attidore, Randolph Charles and Phillipson Renault were reported to have been residing during the storm. They also reported that on October 30, 2017 in Pointe Michel, skeletal remains believed to be that of Edith Fontaine was recovered.
Confirmed dead in Pointe Michel are Royston Toussaint, Murray Delmore, Veronica Peltier and Glen Alexander.
Missing from Pointe Michel are Randolph Randy Charles, Philipson Renault, Ann Lanquedoc, Morian Landor, Nadora Williams, Garvin Francis, Jerome Daniel, Jayalia Lawrence, Gertain Daniel, Edith Fontaine, Nashon Attidore, Darry Grove of Vielle case and Joanne Francis.
Four are confirmed dead from Grand Bay. They are Evette Leatham, Okan Letang and Jennifer Bonny. Alpheus Maxim is missing.
From the village of Dos Dane, Alfred Magloire, Jennifer Moulon and Anthony Bannis (aka Rasta) are confirmed dead while missing are Rita Magloire and Vitus of Paix Bouche.
In Loubiere, confirmed dead is 10-year-old Yakira Joseph and missing are Destiny Joseph, Ivon Prevost , Myrtle Celaire, Clive Leblanc, Jerry Lafleur, Annie Simon and Ronnie Jolly of Petite Savanne.
In Fond Baron, Gloria Elie Prosper is confirmed dead and one-year-old Jaydon Jno Baptiste is missing.
In the village of Mahaut, Alicious Joseph and Lee alias Dig are dead.
In Castle Bruce, Laronde Roberts of Mahaut and Alexis Laville of Penville have died.
Also confirmed dead are: Peter Registe of Tarish Pit; Emmanuel Joseph of Fond Cole; Damina Ishmael of Stockfarm; John Thomas and Ivon Jules of Morne Bruce; Irella Henry of Marigot; Janet Canoville of Belles (living in Grand Fond); Theresa Frederick of Dublanc; Lucy Thomas of Scottshead; Whitfield Wallace of Woodfordhill.
Confirmed missing in Roseau are Minelle Monetto, Jeffrey Menero , Edmond Charles , Sharon Francis and Jno Lewis Fontaine.
Also missing are: Peter Lewis (Canefield); Vanya Woodman (Bath Estate); Marcus Boyd (Castle Comfort); Jopha Christopher (six-year-old in Pottersville); Christine Thomas (Savanne Paille).
Police say the bodies of five people could not be identified. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/9 | {
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Stefania Turkewich / Galicians I
Stefania Turkewich (1898-1977)
Ukraine's first woman composer is Stefania Turkewich. She began her music studies with her mother, who was a pupil of Karol Mikuli, the director of the Lemberg Conservatory in Galicia. Then, at the Lysenko Institute in Lviv, she was taught by Vasyl Barvinsky. After World War I, Turkewicz studied in Lviv with Adolf Chybinski at the Lviv University, and also at the Lysenko conservatory. She then moved to Austria and studied with Guido Adler at the University of Vienna and Joseph Marx at the music academy.
In 1925, she travelled with her first husband to Berlin where she studied with Franz Schreker and the influential expressionist, Arnold Schoenberg; in Prague she studied with Zdenek Nejedly at Charles University, with Otakar Sin at the conservatory, and with Vitezslav Novak at the music academy. She received her doctorate in musicology in 1934. From 1935 to 1939, she taught harmony and piano at the Lysenko Institute in Lviv, and, from 1940 to 1944, she lectured at the Lviv State Conservatory.
Fleeing from the Soviets, Turkewich immigrated to England with her second husband in 1946. There she spent much of her time composing, but many of her works have never been performed. Stylistically they are much more modern, but still hearken back to Ukrainian folksongs, when they are not post-romantic, atonal or expressionistic in character. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/11 | {
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Cathcart Hospital rumours spark week of protests
Police are monitoring as stoning incidents continue on N6
Police are monitoring the N6 between Komani and Stutterheim in the Eastern Cape after nearly a week of protests in Cathcart that started on Friday.
Two trucks were set alight and cars were stoned between Cathcart and Stutterheim. On Monday, two boys, both aged 15, appeared in Cathcart Magistrates' Court accused of torching a water tanker and a delivery truck on Friday.
They were not asked to plead. They were released under the care of their parents and will appear in court on Friday 16 February.
As of Tuesday morning, car stoning incidents have continued. Police spokesperson Siphokazi Mawisa has warned motorists of the danger on the N6.
The protests followed rumours that the provincial Department of Health plans to downgrade Cathcart Hospital. This came after officials visited the hospital and staff were overheard talking about it becoming a day hospital.
Amahlathi Local Municipality spokesperson Anathi Nyoka said protesting residents are also demanding Home Affairs, SASSA and Social Development establish permanent offices instead of the weekly mobile units.
Community leader Buyisile Booi said the mobile units are not reliable. Cathcart is surrounded by 92 farms but has few services.
"Instead of getting services, our government wants to take the only thing that we have, which is the hospital. At this stage we feel that the protest is the only language our officials understand," said Booi.
'If they downgrade this hospital we will have to go to Stutterheim when we are sick at night, meaning people will be forced to hire transport and that will cost them R1,000 a single trip. If one decides to go to Komani, they will have to hire a car for R1,500," he said.
Zonke Mjandana, a hospital board member, said only after protests erupted and they made inquiries was it confirmed that the provincial department is downgrading all hospitals with less than 50 beds.
"Ours currently has 38 beds, and according to the department the hospital is not busy at night. As board members we understand residents' frustration and the sad part is that we were also not aware of this move. Should they have informed us in time we were going to dispute it," she said.
Spokesperson for the department Mkhululi Ndamase said the department will comment after a scheduled meeting with the board, officials and MEC Nomakhosazana Meth.
Residents have vowed to continue with the protest until the hospital issue is resolved.
Deputy principal suspended after probe names him in suicide of 12-year-old Gauteng learner
Unemployed doctors march to Department of Health
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[Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/).
You may republish this article, so long as you credit the authors and GroundUp, and do not change the text. Please include a link back to the original article.
We put an invisible pixel in the article so that we can count traffic to republishers. All analytics tools are solely on our servers. We do not give our logs to any third party. Logs are deleted after two weeks. We do not use any IP address identifying information except to count regional traffic. We are solely interested in counting hits, not tracking users. If you republish, please do not delete the invisible pixel. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/17 | {
"title": "Katikati, eMzantsi Afrika",
"last_revision": "2024-04-23T11:10:48",
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Drones against jihadNovember 23, 2016
Fatima now needs three times longer to reach the market in Agadez. She lives with her family outside this city of 180,000 in sub-Saharan Niger, traveling there every day to sell camel milk. A nearby US drone base has added 90 minutes to her trek. "We often have to stay in Agadez overnight, whether we want to or not. The children then have to stay home alone," she told DW. Her family could not survive without the market, she said.
"I come from Agadez and every morning at 7 see the large aircraft," said Ibrahim Manzo. "They land here, then fly onwards. No one knows what they're transporting."
It remains unclear how far along base construction is, said Adam Moore, a researcher from the University of California, Los Angeles, who specializes in US military engagement in Africa. "Satellite imagery of Agadez reveals a complex south of the runways that covers roughly 62 acres. That is fairly large,", he notes.
A multimillion-dollar project
An investigation by the online magazine, The Intercept, puts the cost of the base at $100 million. That is twice as much as the US Defense Department's official estimate.
For the US and its allies, Niger has strategic importance in their fight against international terrorism. Mali, Nigeria and Libya are, in particular, places of refuge for Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), Boko Haram or the so-called "Islamic State." Moore suspects that the US is using the Agadez drone base to conduct reconnaissance missions over northern Niger and southern Libya.
"These regions can be monitored better from Agadez. That is the biggest advantage over the capital, Niamey," Moore said, referring to the long-time US spying presence there. An additional drone base is planned for Tunisia, according to the Washington Post. The two bases combined would provide the US a near-complete picture of the entire Sahara region, Moore said.
Niger ground zero in terror fight
Niger's President Mahamadou Issoufou gave approval for the Agadez base in 2014 for surveillance purposes. An additional US base in Arlit, about 250 kilometers (155 miles) north of Agadez, has been operating for about a year, but little is known about it, Moore said, except that special forces are presumably stationed there.
The US carries out a number of operations by way of special forces or defense subcontractors, Moore said. Washington has been hesitant to be directly involved on the African continent for at least a decade. "Yet they are building this large base in Agadez, which is hardly out of sight," Moore added. "This is an indication of the good relations with the Niger government, and that Niger is on board to become the center of the fight against terrorism in North and West Africa."
After Djibouti, home to Camp Lemonnier, the largest US base on the continent, Niger could well become America's next most important military partner in Africa, Moore said.
German base in Niamey
The French are also present in Niger with anti-terror operations, sharing the US base in Niamey as well as operating two others of its own in the country. The German military has had a presence in Niger since April. It runs an airbase from the capital's international airport to transport troops supporting the UN Minusma mission in neighboring Mali. There are about 40 German soldiers stationed in Niamey, according to Germany's Defense Ministry.
Tilla Amadou helped with reporting. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/19 | {
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[Articles](https://hess.copernicus.org/)| [Volume 11, issue 5](https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/11/issue5.html)
Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification
Abstract. Although now over 100 years old, the classification of climate originally formulated by Wladimir Köppen and modified by his collaborators and successors, is still in widespread use. It is widely used in teaching school and undergraduate courses on climate. It is also still in regular use by researchers across a range of disciplines as a basis for climatic regionalisation of variables and for assessing the output of global climate models. Here we have produced a new global map of climate using the Köppen-Geiger system based on a large global data set of long-term monthly precipitation and temperature station time series. Climatic variables used in the Köppen-Geiger system were calculated at each station and interpolated between stations using a two-dimensional (latitude and longitude) thin-plate spline with tension onto a 0.1°×0.1° grid for each continent. We discuss some problems in dealing with sites that are not uniquely classified into one climate type by the Köppen-Geiger system and assess the outcomes on a continent by continent basis. Globally the most common climate type by land area is BWh (14.2%, Hot desert) followed by Aw (11.5%, Tropical savannah). The updated world Köppen-Geiger climate map is freely available electronically in the Supplementary Material Section. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/20 | {
"title": "I-Tivoli (kumasipala)",
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The number of coronavirus patients in the predominantly Haredi city of Bnei Brak is nearing 1000 with at least 900 confirmed diagnoses so far, as ultra-Orthodox cities continue to record the sharpest rises in new COVID-19 cases, health officials said Thursday.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Wednesday announced plans to further tighten the restrictions in the central city. The move came after government came under fire for not enforcing the directives meant to fight COVID-19 on the Haredi population, many of whom do not comply with the orders.
On Wednesday morning the number of confirmed cases in Bnei Brak stood at 723, meaning that over the past 24 hours alone there has been a 25 percent increase in new diagnoses in the city.
In Jerusalem, which also has a large Haredi population, the number of new diagnoses has climbed by 13% to 916, up from 781 just 24 hours earlier.
In the Haredi settlement of Modi'in Illit, the rate of infection was similar with 15%. There are currently 70 COVID-19 patients in the settlement, up from 64 some 24 hours earlier.
Some non-Haredi cities also showed a rapid increase in new cases over the past 24 hours, with Netanya, Ashkelon and Be'er Sheva all recording a spike of over 20%.
Nevertheless, the number of infected in those cities remains relatively low, with the southern city of Ashkelon being hit the hardest out of the three, with 151 coronavirus cases.
In Tel Aviv, there has been an eight percent increase in new diagnoses over the past 24 hours, with the total number of cases now standing at 324.
Earlier, the Health Ministry said another five people have died from complications related to coronavirus, bringing the country's death toll to 31, with the total number of COVID-19 cases in Israel now standing at 6,211. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/24 | {
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Israel reports first coronavirus fatality
JERUSALEM (Reuters) - Israel reported its first fatality from the coronavirus on Friday, an 88-year-old man who suffered from previous illnesses.
The Health Ministry said in a statement he had been brought to Shaare Zedek hospital in Jerusalem about a week ago in serious condition.
Israel has so far reported 705 cases of coronavirus, the large majority with mild symptoms. About 10 patients are in serious condition and 15 have recovered completely.
Israel was one of the first countries to enact strict travel restrictions and on Thursday Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu tightened a national stay-at-home policy, saying police would enforce restrictions.
The guidelines said that no more than 10 people should gather in one place and the government has threatened to impose lockdown orders unless people observed the instructions.
(Reporting by Ari Rabinovitch; Editing by Chris Reese and Andrew Cawthorne) | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/25 | {
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[N12](https://www.mako.co.il/news-israel/2020_q2/Article-9c4062a9ce2b171026.htm?Partner=rss)reported.Despite the authorities encouraging social distancing due to the coronavirus outbreak, Tel Aviv police did not stop the demonstration. Instead, they blocked several main streets to allow it to take place and ensured the protestors did not violate the guidelines put in place for the pandemic.The coronavirus pandemic is considered to have been a major force behind the establishment of an emergency unity government between Likud and Blue and White. However, the Black Flag protestors argued that the coalition does nothing to help improve the lives of citizens during the crisis, but rather is only concerned with benefits and passing legislation that allows the government to remain in power. "A coalition agreement that violates the Basic Laws of the Sate of Israel is not 'unity,'" said Shikma Schwartzan, one of the demonstration's organizers, N12 reported.She explained that in order to achieve unity, "You had to build a wall between the judicial system and a criminal defendant," referring to Netanyahu's trial for bribery.Calling on the Blue and White leader to act, she added: "Gantz... don't raise a hand against the justice system, and make sure there is one law for everyone.""They are using [the coronavirus] to establish their corrupt government," outgoing Meretz MK Esawi Frej said at the demonstration. "They call for an emergency government, but their only emergency is their concern for themselves. And [during the coronavirus pandemic], they care very well for themselves at our expense."This demonstration is the latest of several that the Black Flag movement has held in the past month, which have the stated goal of preserving Israeli democracy by ensuring the ousting of "crime minister" Netanyahu.On April 16, [hundreds of protestors](https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/hundreds-protest-in-tel-aviv-against-crime-minister-benjamin-netanyahu-624885)gathered near Habima National Theater in Tel Aviv to speak out against Netanyahu, all while maintaining a distance of two meters from one another in accordance with the Health Ministry's guidelines. The protestors carried signs saying "coronavirus is used in service of dictatorship" and "we do not believe you anymore."Earlier, at the end of March, the movement [hung black flags](https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/anti-netanyahu-protesters-put-black-flags-on-key-sites-621865)on symbolic sites across the country. This included the grave of the prime minister David Ben-Gurion as a well as a memorial dedicated to prime minister Yitzhak Rabin and several battle memorials.Jerusalem Post Staff contributed to this report. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/26 | {
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"Our mission is to co-create a safe and vibrant space that connects the Philippi community to services, employment, educational opportunities, and activities."
Those are the words of Bushra Razack, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) at Philippi Village, which acts as an integrated community hub for Philippi and the surrounding areas.
Razack believes that ongoing engagement is vital to any community development. He says engagement provides a better understanding of community needs, challenges, and opportunities.
As a community development specialist, who specialises in stakeholder engagement and is passionately committed to realising meaningful outcomes, Razack explains that for an initiative like Philippi Village to succeed, complex matters must first be addressed.
"We've invested a great deal of time and energy into mapping out exactly what our tenants, the local community, and other stakeholders require from Philippi Village, and then finding a way to meet those needs. We have used the results to work with our partners to design programmes and spaces that are relevant," she said.
"It's an ongoing process: every initiative and idea is tested to ensure it is fit for purpose and achieves the necessary objectives of meeting the needs of all stakeholders: tenants, the surrounding community, and investors," said Razack.
This result is the creation of an exciting multi-dimensional, inclusive space that wouldn't look out of place in any of Cape Town's more trendy spots. Philippi Village is currently home to over 80 tenants providing products, services, and training opportunities as well as job opportunities to the local community.
The sports facilities and other amenities on offer ensure that there is constant activity and a buzz within the development with local community members feeling a proprietary sense of ownership.
The Philippi Village model, says Razack could potentially be rolled out in other townships, particularly the formula that has been developed to identify stakeholders, communicate with them, mapping out stakeholder relationships and engagements as well as how to test concepts prior and post implementation.
"What's particularly exciting is the potential for change that a development like Philippi Village offers; it can become the connective tissue that links the community with easily accessible employment opportunities, training and development, health and wellness services, all underpinned by a strong social element. The connector that links proximity to challenges with the opportunity to re-imagine solutions. A place that offers inspiration and engagement and positions the community at the centre of the change," she said.
Amid sluggish economic growth and a high rate of unemployment, revitalising South Africa's township economies is potentially one of the most efficient ways to kick-start the country's economic revival.
Official unemployment figures of 33,9% - and an even more alarming 44,1% according to the expanded definition, which includes discouraged job seekers - remains one of the most urgent crises facing South Africa given that socio-economic stability is heavily reliant on employment.
Not only will job creation create a more sustainable economy, but it will also broaden the tax base and lessen reliance on government's social grants, said Razack.
The township economy – also referred to as the informal economy - is estimated to provide 17% of South Africa's total employment and contributes around 6% to the country's GDP.
Estimations are that there are around 30 to 40 businesses per 1 000 people in townships which translates into approximately 800 000 township businesses. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/27 | {
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The Health Ministry on Saturday warned if Israelis continue to defy the stay-at-home orders, it would have to tighten the already strict measures meant to combat the coronavirus outbreak.
Earlier, the Health Ministry reported that another 178 people have tested positive for COVID-19 in Israel over the past 24 hours, bringing the country's total to 833.
"The Health Ministry advises the public to stay at home - the beautiful weather is not a reason to go outside," said the ministry in a statement.
The remarks come shortly after images emerged showing hundreds of Israelis swarming beaches and parks on Saturday afternoon. One video showed police officers ordering anyone "who is not supposed to be outside" to go home.
"Don't leave your home," said Director General, Ministry of Health, Moshe Bar-Siman-Tov said. "Follow the Health Ministry's guidelines, otherwise we will find ourselves with a significant outbreak.
"I call on the public to stay home, whoever has gone out, please return home."
On Friday, Israel recorded its first ever COVID-19 related death.
The 88-year-old man, who had a serious underlying health condition, was named as Ariyeh Ibn.
Ibn, a Holocaust survivor, contracted COVID-19 at an assisted living facility in Jerusalem from a social worker, who unknowingly infected several other nursing home residents.
He passed away at Shaare Zedek Medical Center as a result of complications caused by the virus. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/28 | {
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The coronavirus cabinet on Sunday unanimously approved the "traffic-light" program presented by coronavirus commissioner Prof. Ronni Gamzu. The plan will go into effect Sunday, September 6. The cabinet also added a number of new countries to the list of green states from which Israelis can return without entering isolation and rolled out an outline for how to handle prayer services during the Hebrew months of Elul and Tishrei.
Gamzu spoke after the cabinet meeting and said a color would soon be administered to every one of the country's 250 cities.
"Each resident should know the color of his or her city," Gamzu said. "The fight against coronavirus will move from Jerusalem to the municipal authorities."
The final vote on the traffic-light plan had been delayed several times over the last three weeks. But shortly before the vote, Alternate Prime Minister and Defense Minister Benny Gantz and Interior Minister Arye Deri told Gamzu they would support his plan.
"We will support the approval of the traffic-light plan that was built in coordination with the Defense Ministry... Professionals will determine the way [to beat
]. The only consideration is public health," Gantz said following a meeting with Gamzu.
centers on identifying communities as red, orange, yellow or green based on several factors, including the number and rate of increase of new weekly patients per 10,000 in each authority, the overall rate of infection and how many people test positive out of those who are screened for the virus.
Cities that might be labeled red zones were not discussed at the meeting to avoid a political debate, but a short list of red zones is listed daily on the Health Ministry website.
On Sunday, they included Bnei Brak, Tira, Kafr Kassem, Umm el-Fahm, Daliat al-Carmel, Lakiya, Ma'aleh Iron, Yakir, Tifrah, Bukata and Yad Binyamin.
There are several differences between the ways that gatherings and other activities will be handled in the different color zones. For example, in red zones, only 10 people will be able to gather indoors and 20 outside; in orange zones, those numbers rise to up to 25 and 50 with capsules of 20 people, respectively. In yellow zones, there could be up to 50 inside and 100 outside in capsules of 20. With permission from local authorities, events could have up to 500 people. In green zones, 100 inside and 250 outside, respectively. Here too, with permission, green zone events could have 500 or more attendees.
The traffic-light plan differentiates between certain types of activities, including the education system, public transportation, workplaces, events, nature parks, malls and museums.
After the meeting, Gamzu explained the following: "The red and orange cities will get restrictions – lots of restrictions. Probably the education system will be closed, there will be restrictions on businesses, restrictions on commercial activity and restrictions on movement, and maybe even lockdown."
During the meeting, it was reported that the ministers opposed Gamzu on one point: opening schools in red zones on Tuesday.
Gamzu had recommended that schools in these zones should wait to open until after the High Holy Days and Sukkot.
During the meeting, it was leaked that the ministers had voted in favor of opening all schools, even in red zones. However, shortly after the conclusion of the cabinet, Gamzu put out a statement that, "a decision has not yet been reached to open the school year in red cities."
He said his stance remains unequivocally unchanged.
"The opening of the school year in red cities will bring about a spike in coronavirus cases in those cities and in other cities," he said.
Furthermore, the cabinet rolled out an initial outline for prayer services during the High Holy Days in all zones.
Prayer services can be held outside in large groups of up to 250 people who are divided into capsules of 20 people. Each capsule would need to be clearly marked and individuals should sit two meters apart unless they are from the same nuclear family.
Prayers could be held inside, as well, but only in facilities that are minimally 40-square-meters large and with people being able to stay two meters apart. Bigger facilities can hold more prayer goers – up to 1,000 – and so long as there is not more than one person for every four square meters.
The vote on the traffic-light program was considered a "watershed" moment for Gamzu. He had suggested that if he was not given the "tools" to manage the pandemic, he might step down.
The cabinet also approved the opening of the cultural halls to larger audiences starting this coming Sunday, under Purple Ribbon guidelines.
Finally, the coronavirus cabinet added nine new countries to its list of states to which Israelis can travel and return without entering quarantine. The new states are Australia, Uruguay, United Arab Emirates, Ireland, Taiwan, Norway, Singapore, Portugal and Thailand.
Recall, Israelis can already return from the following green states without isolation: Austria, Italy, Estonia, Bulgaria, the United Kingdom, Georgia, Germany, Denmark, Hong Kong, Hungary, Greece, Jordan, Latvia, Lithuania, New Zealand, Slovenia, Finland, Canada, Cyprus, Croatia and Rwanda.
There were 897 people diagnosed with coronavirus on Saturday, the Health Ministry reported, plus another 429 between midnight and press time on Sunday.
The number of serious patients was rising and reached 444 Sunday evening, among them 127 who are intubated. The death toll rose to 919, with eight people dying from coronavirus between midnight and press time. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/31 | {
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The government unanimously approved the decision, presented by Finance Minister Israel Katz, to voluntarily reduce the salaries of elected officials by 10% on Monday night.
The debate quickly became tense as Transportation Minister Miri Regev asked why should the salaries of judges, or the head of the Mossad, or even the IDF Chief of Staff remain untouched. Jerusalem Affairs Minister Rafi Peretz demanded that IDF generals be subjected to a similar step.
Alternate Prime Minister Benny Gantz called on fellow ministers "not to gang up on the judges or other persons," Kan reported on Monday night. Justice Minister Avi Nissenkorn said that he won't object to a decrease of pay to "this or that group" but called on things to be done "in an orderly fashion."
Katz, who already accepted such a reduction in pay from his own salary, might suggest further cuts in the salaries of civil servants. Such a decision might save the state up to NIS 5 billion per year.
The finance minister confronted Economy Minister Amir Peretz on Monday night after Peretz called on the government to adopt the "German Model" of unemployment benefits. Saying that "this is the human-focused economy I always speak of."
Katz said he intends to conduct a reform in the public service sector and will not bow down to "threats." Peretz said that "threats and informing the head of Histadrut [Arnon Bar-David] on future pay cuts by speaking with the press" won't work as well as direct negotiations. The Histadrut has so far objected to any one-sided pay cuts in the salaries of civil servants – and until now, Katz didn't confront them head on.
Likud MK Sharren Haskel supported Katz but said "it isn't enough."
She called to reduce the pay of anyone making more than NIS 45,000 per month in the civil service, which is what a minister makes. Should the 10% pay cut be passed, the amount will go down to NIS 40,500.
Haskel added that she declined a recent pay increase when it was approved.
The salaries of elected officials are linked to the average salary in the country. So, ironically, when people are laid off, the average salary of those still working goes up as well – and so does the pay of MKs.
The Blue and White Party said that not only would it support the decision, but that its MKs and ministers have been donating 20% of their pay to various NGOs since April. Foreign Minister Gabi Ashenazi donates to an IMPACT "adopt a combat soldier" program and Gantz donates to an "adopt a medical doctor" program.
Interior Minister Arye Deri called on the cut to be even larger – 20% – and to include local council leaders.
"We must set a personal example and show mutual solidarity with those hundreds of thousands
[badly hurt](https://www.jpost.com/tags/unemployment-israel)because of the [COVID-19](https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/gamzu-5000-new-infections-a-day-means-25-dead-avoid-gatherings-643012)financial crisis," he said.
Deri also called on opposition party leaders such as Yisrael Beytenu's Avigdor Liberman and Meretz's Nitzan Horowitz to support the decision.
Bankruptcy is rising in Israel with a 48% increase in the number of businesses closing down in June. The current figure is 2,283, compared to 1,544 in June 2019, N12 reported on Sunday evening.
In August the figure rose 52%, with 1,805 businesses closing compared to 1,187 last August.
On Monday the High Court ruled that employers will no longer be paid for the first two days of quarantine, N12 reported. This is due to the financial burden that quarantined employees is having on their employers.
At least 464,000 workers are currently in quarantine, costing their employers at least NIS 3 billion.
After the first two days, an employee will continue to be paid by both the employer and the state. However, there is an exception to the rule: if an employee travels abroad and enters mandatory quarantine on their return to Israel, they will not be paid for the entire duration of the quarantine. Jerusalem Post Staff contributed to this report. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/32 | {
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The first group of people to inhabit Malta arrived 700 years earlier than history books have suggested so far, Queen's University Belfast researchers have discovered.
Through an analysis of ancient soils, the researchers found that the first inhabitants arrived about 5900BC with DNA analysis revealing that they came from different parts of the Mediterranean and Europe, including Africa.
They also found that a second colonisation arrived in 3850BC from Sicily and spent 1,500 years on the island, a feat the researchers dubbed "extraordinary".
The team of researchers, led by Caroline Malone from the School of Natural and Built Environment at Queen's, have been working at one burial site in Malta since 1987.
The professor's teams have excavated 220,000 bones, representing between 500 and 800 people dating from 3600-2350BC.
The inhabitants cared for their sick, injured and elderly and were "hardy and determined", continuing with their daily tasks despite being in chronic pain from advanced bone degradation
Over the past five years, with funding from the European Research Council, an international group of archaeological experts have been analysing the ancient bones and examining the wider landscapes, building a detailed picture of life in prehistoric Malta.
The data, which is being presented in Malta this week, has also revealed that the first inhabitants were "robust and healthy", with the archaeologists describing their teeth as "some of the best" they had ever analysed.
According to the researchers, one skull showed that sophisticated dental work had been carried out as early as 2500BC when an abscess had been lanced from the root of a tooth.
The researchers also noted that the inhabitants cared for their sick, injured and elderly and were "hardy and determined", continuing with their daily tasks despite being in chronic pain from advanced bone degradation. They survived on meat, cereals and pulses but as time went on they ate less meat and almost no fish.
"We have made some fascinating discoveries on Malta at Queen's University Belfast, most recently through this international project. I have been working on the prehistory of Malta for over 30 years and the amount of detail we have extracted from these ancient skeletons is remarkable. They change the entire understanding of the first Maltese people.
"Through radiocarbon dating we have now been able to pinpoint that the first inhabitants arrived 700 years earlier than was previous thought, and we have also identified several episodes of separate colonisation. Given the restricted land space of Malta, it is remarkable that the second colonisation survived for 1,500 years," Prof. Malone said.
She added that this sort of settlement stability was "unheard of in Europe and is impressive" in terms of how they were able to live on ever-degrading land for such a period of time.
The researchers also made important discoveries on climate change and the methods of farming used by analysing soil cored from deep valleys, which contained ancient pollen and animal evidence from past environments.
The group of experts included researchers from Queen's University Belfast, University of Cambridge, Liverpool John Moores University, University of Malta, University of Plymouth, the Superintendence of Cultural Heritage Malta and Heritage Malta. Five PhD students also took part in the programme.
Independent journalism costs money. Support Times of Malta for the price of a coffee. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/33 | {
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[not return to school](https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/covid-19-spike-in-israel-means-more-kids-wont-go-to-school-on-sunday-652562)this morning after the Hanukkah holiday.Preschools through fourth grade have been allowed to open.The coronavirus cabinet is [meeting Sunday morning](https://www.jpost.com/health-science/coronavirus-cabinet-to-meet-sunday-consider-new-restrictions-652627)to discuss a further tightening of restrictions across Israel as numbers continue to rise. The Health Ministry announced on Sunday morning a further 1,866 new cases on Saturday, with 447 of those in serious condition. The death toll is 3,074. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Health Minister Yuli Edelstein have stated their support for a decision made earlier this month that if cases surpass 2,500 per day, a period of "tightened restraint" would be rolled out.However, many government ministers object and think different measures should be taken, rather than sweeping steps.The National Security Council is expected to recommend to cabinet ministers today that a general lockdown be implemented throughout the country, skipping the slower phase of tightened restrictions.The coronavirus cabinet on Thursday night approved an updated list of areas that have become red and orange, and the Home Front Command updated its map accordingly, designating 48 red areas and 62 orange. Not all red and orange areas are full cities, some are areas or neighborhoods of towns and cities. Maayan-Jaffe Hoffman contributed to this report. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/34 | {
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As Israel entered its
[third lockdown](https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/businesses-face-third-lockdown-there-will-be-riots-in-the-streets-653407)at 5 p.m. on the issue of education was front and center, as the government hammered out details of how schools would operate during the closure.
The Knesset Education Committee, led by MK Ram Shefa, approved a change to the proposed lockdown regulations on Sunday morning that would allow students in grades 5-10 to continue learning at school.
Last Thursday, the proposal called for those students to stay home while preschools and grades 1-4 and 11-12 would study from 8 a.m. until 1 p.m. In response to an outcry from parents, municipal authorities and medical experts, the 1 p.m. deadline was changed later that day and it was decided that students would study a full day.
The other main lockdown regulations that went into effect include the closure of retail businesses (except for groceries and pharmacies), except for deliveries.
Businesses that do not receive customers will be allowed to remain open at 50% capacity or up to 10 employees. Gatherings will be limited to a maximum of 20 people outdoors or 10 people indoors. Individual sports activities will be allowed with no distance restrictions.
The additional education revision approved Sunday will allow grades 5-10 to operate a full day on their in-person learning days and to study on Zoom the rest of the time. The high schoolers will study in capsules and be allowed to interact with up to three other capsules; teachers will be able to instruct up to four capsules.
The government has 48 hours from Sunday morning to submit a revised proposal for committee approval; until then, students will continue to study as usual.
Parents' groups welcomed the change, with the National Parents Organization saying in a statement prior to the decision: "We will not allow the members of the cabinet to continue abusing our children."
Parent advocates also highlighted a report by Elem, the organization that helps youth in distress, which said that there has been a 41% increase in adolescents experiencing serious mental health issues, as well as a sharp rise in substance abuse.
BUT HEALTH Ministry officials were unhappy. Health Minister Yuli Edelstein said in response to the decision that "lockdown requires personal responsibility from each and every one of us. Unfortunately, not everyone acts responsibly. We saw this today in the Knesset's Education Committee, in the unfortunate decision to resume schooling in all classrooms – something that will surely extend the closure."
Coronavirus commissioner Prof. Nachman Ash also disagreed strongly with this decision, saying in a briefing, "According to our recommendation, the education system should have been closed. The government's decision was to allow the opening of kindergartens, grades 1-4 and 11-12. Any additional opening of classrooms means extending the duration of the closure and lowering its effectiveness.
"In my opinion, it is right to make the closure as short as possible, to limit activities and not to conduct studies along with other age groups," he said.
At the same time, Education Minister Yoav Gallant instructed the director general of his ministry to give immediate notice to the directors of the districts and of the educational institutions, according to which the education system will continue to operate on Monday as it did on Sunday.
But as of Sunday night, two factors threatened to derail the wishes of so many parents hoping their children would be able to study during the third lockdown.
The first was uncertainty about pupils in red and orange cities and/or neighborhoods, according to the traffic-light plan of differential regulations depending on the morbidity rates in different areas.
It was not clear which cities and neighborhoods were actually designated red and orange, since the traffic-light colors are supposed to be updated weekly on Thursday and the instructions derived from them are supposed to be valid for an entire week – but the colors were not updated last week. The last time the stoplight plan was calculated, more than half of the country (56%) was in red or orange areas.
The other factor that might interfere with the plan was a labor dispute announced Sunday by the Teachers Union, in protest over teachers not being vaccinated yet.
Yaffa Ben-David, secretary general of the Teachers Union, said Sunday that, "if there are no vaccines, there will be no studies – we will not agree to abandon the health of teaching staff... It is not possible for teaching staff to sacrifice themselves while all Israeli citizens are in lockdown and the state will not take care of their health protection. There is no reason not to vaccinate the teaching staff. "
She noted that, "just a few days ago, the Health Ministry published a report according to which teaching staff are at a high risk of infection, at a rate of 50% relative to the general population." She said that the union would not hesitate to take further steps. "If the problem is not resolved, we will not hesitate and take organizational measures – including sanctions and a strike."
IN HIS BRIEFING, Ash said that "within a few days" a decision would be made about when and how teachers would receive vaccinations.
[Edelstein](https://www.jpost.com/tags/yuli-edelstein)announced Saturday night that he had instructed the director general of his ministry, Prof. Chezy Levy, to facilitate the vaccination of teaching staff.
When the teachers do get vaccinated, it may be in a new vaccination center that the Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipality is opening with Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center on January 4 at Rabin Square.
The center will include an immunization tent with 20 stands that will be operated by the hospital's nursing staff. Initially, the center will be open to residents of the city aged 60 and over, and later to all Israelis. When it opens, it will operate from Sunday through Thursday from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. and on Fridays from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m.
The center is expected to vaccinate about 5,000 people a day in the first phase; later, that will increase. The vaccines will be given according to the guidelines set by the Health Ministry.
"Since the outbreak of the coronavirus, the municipality has been mobilized to protect the health of the residents and to maintain a sense of routine alongside the virus," said Tel Aviv Mayor Ron Huldai.
"We have set up an epidemiological research center with over 100 researchers, testing centers in the neighborhoods and now, a huge vaccination center in collaboration with Ichilov [hospital, Sourasky Medical Center in Tel Aviv]," he said. "We will continue to be at the forefront of the struggle for the benefit of the city's residents and all the citizens of the country."
"As we enter the third closure, it is clear to all of us that our main goal right now is to vaccinate as many civilians as possible," added Ichilov's director and former coronavirus commissioner Prof. Ronni Gamzu.
"Through Mayor Ron Huldai, who immediately signed on with the Rabin Square vaccine center, we will continue to vaccinate thousands of people a day in the huge compound we are setting up with the municipality, all for one purpose – to finally get rid of coronavirus."
The system for scheduling appointments for the new complex is still being determined, and will be published later.
"We're completing the first week of coronavirus vaccinations with an unbelievable number of 280,000 vaccinated people," Edelstein tweeted Sunday, adding that 71,000 people were vaccinated during the weekend alone. "We'll continue to keep Israel safe," he said. The Maccabi Health Fund reported Sunday that today 21,009 patients have been vaccinated.
Since the beginning of the operation, 82,077 Maccabi members have been vaccinated. Tomorrow, it promised that the vaccine rate will increase even more.
Since the beginning of the vaccination operation, 445,277 appointments have been set for 227,538 Maccabi members.
ISRAEL IS once more first place worldwide in vaccine distribution, according to the tracker by Our World in Data. Edelstein, who is in the Likud Party, celebrated the accomplishment in a statement targeting unity government partner Blue and White, saying that, "While Blue and White practices populism and irresponsibility at the expense of public health, we're working hard and have led Israel to the first place in the world regarding vaccine distribution and concern for public health."
While the hospital system has not collapsed, Jerusalem area hospitals are full. The Health Ministry on Sunday morning directed Magen David Adom (MDA), Israel's national emergency medical service, to stop sending coronavirus patients to hospitals in Jerusalem in an attempt to reduce pressure on them. Patients from the Jerusalem area will be sent to hospitals in central Israel starting Sunday, including Sheba Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital and the Sourasky Medical Center.
As of Sunday morning, the ministry reported that from midnight Friday to midnight Saturday, 2,636 cases were diagnosed and another 1,097 were added between midnight Saturday and 7 a.m. on Sunday. Six hundred and four patients were in serious condition and 136 were on ventilators. Since the pandemic began, 3,222 have died.
While Edelstein expressed concern over the decision to keep all school grades open, he praised the teams in charge of the vaccinations countrywide, saying: "But I trust you, citizens of Israel. If we all act responsibly, we will see the great light at the end of the plague."
Blue and White said: "In all countries of the world, the education system also operates in a quarantine. Netanyahu, who has avoided dealing with hot spots and raising fines for narrow political reasons, continues to use corona for his political needs.
"We will not be preached to by those who bring hundreds of thousands of families to poverty and have not passed a budget just to escape the law and harm the justice system."
Maayan Jaffe-Hoffman and Jerusalem Post Staff contributed to this report. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/35 | {
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DAMS FROM THE ROMAN ERA IN SPAIN.
Almonacid de la Cuba
Ermita Virgen del Pilar
Santa María (Aguasvivas)
15 to 20
Pared de los Moros
Most of the dams built in Spain by the Romans –and particularly the largest ones– can be gathered together in three main areas: the basin of the river Ebro, especially the right bank, whose focus may be located in Zaragoza (Caesaraugusta); the area of Mérida (Augusta Emerita) along the basin of the river Guadiana, and the left bank of the river Tajo in some points near Toledo (Toletum). The natural regulation of the rivers flowing in these sections of the Spanish mainland is low or very low, basically as a consequence of the unequal distribution of annual precipitation (Arenillas 2000); these climatic conditions forced the construction of reservoir dams. In fact, four of these dams were constructed so as to ensure the water supply to the Roman towns mentioned above: Muel to Caesaraugusta, Proserpina and Cornalvo to Augusta Emerita, and Alcantarilla to Toletum.
However, this system was not the standard pattern applied by the Romans
to resolve supply problems. In reality they only used it when, with good
reason, climatic conditions forced them to do so
](#_edn3). In most cases (and frequently in Spain) they opted for riverhead
collections by means of diversion weirs or intakes direct from sources [
](#_edn4). [
Nevertheless, when the Romans built regulation dams in Spain they frequently differed from this pattern. Of the three areas aforementioned this can be found in the basin of the Ebro (area of Caesaraugusta) where large dams were located, as a rule, in the middle stretch of rivers of some importance. On the other hand, in the mid-west of the Peninsula (Emerita and Toletum) these works were always situated on riverheads or streams with small drainage basins.
These differences of criteria regarding the emplacements can also be
found in the structural solutions adopted: in the Ebro the highest dams
are masonry dams, whilst in the Tajo and Guadiana the dams are earth dams
with retaining walls upstream. However, the smallest dams - where other
forms may be found – form a more homogeneous group in general.
In the majority of the dams built in Spain by the Romans there is a basic
characteristic construction element, almost systematically repeated: the
retaining wall, used to achieve watertightness of the structure. Other
elements, though not always, were added to ensure or complete the stability
of the system. The Roman retaining wall is a very simple concept: a lime
concrete core (opus caementicium), framed by two wall sections
made of masonry (opus incaertum) or ashlar (opus quadratum).
When the masonry was of poor quality other wall sections were attached
to the first ones being of increasingly better quality towards the exterior.
The most important element of this system was the core of opus caementicium,
whose purpose was to comply with the objective of retaining the water.
The dam which probably conforms best to the strict pattern of retaining
wall is the one known as La Pared de los Moros (The Moors' Wall)
[ ](#_edn5). It is located near Muniesa (Teruel) in a secondary waterway,
the Arroyo Farlán, the rightward tributary of the river Aguasvivas [ ](#_edn6), which at the same time is a
branch of the Ebro, also on the right bank (Arenillas, Díaz-Guerra y Cortés
1996). The dam initially formed a reservoir of approximately 150,000 cubic
metres capacity; nowadays it has a breach in its middle section. The characteristics
of the masonry –not properly laid down in general, and the layout-
somewhat winding (as with the layout of the limestone outcrops in the
area) enable us to think of it as a later Roman work of rural style, perhaps
dedicated, at least in part, to irrigation. The structure is nearly 8.5
metres in height and has a crest length of around seventy metres. Its
form is as previously indicated: a single wall of nearly three metres
thickness, formed by two masonry wall sections laid with lime mortar (opus
incaertum) and a core of opus caementicium. The coverings are
of 1,10 metres thickness each and are built with local limestone, lightly
worked. The core reaches up to seventy centimetres thickness.
The basic fault of this structure is its extreme thinness
[ ](#_edn7). With such a risky geometry the presence of an earth embankment
downstream should be expected, but the materials existing there have not
permitted the detection of the remains of such a complementary structure.
As a result, the Pared de los Moros undoubtedly broke, and probably quite
early as the sediments of the reservoir have not developed much, although
they also could have been swept away by the waters after the dam breached.
They can be observed, in particular, on the right bank where they show
up without excessive re-workings – natural or artificial –
since their deposition.
The calcareous concretions observed in the downstream face of the dam are not abundant, which could indicate that the retaining wall worked properly from the point of view of impermeability. In fact, the opus caementicium forming its core is of good quality.
The best pattern of a dam formed by a reinforced retaining wall (that
is, an improved version of the previous pattern in terms of resistance)
is the dam of Almonacid de la Cuba
](#_edn8). This is the highest dam from the Roman era preserved in the
world (thirty-four metres). It is located on the river Aguasvivas and
has a drainage basin of about 1,000 square kilometres. Built in the era
of Augustus and rebuilt and repaired several times, this dam has a peculiar
feature which makes it even more interesting: the preserved structure
is an important reconstruction of a previous structure of completely different
The first dam raised on the closure site of Almonacid must have been formed by three arches, one central and two side ones leaning against two large buttresses (Arenillas, Díaz-Guerra y Cortés 1996). This first dam must have been breached quite early, even perhaps in the later phases of construction and it also must have been rebuilt at once, its original structure being substantially modified, becoming the typical straight gravity dam. The breach of the dam was certainly partial and probably was located on an isolated point, the central arch for example, as in the latter reconstruction many of the original elements were entirely or partly preserved: the arch of the left edge, with elements from the buttress it was leaning against, or the intake tower, among others (Arenillas, Díaz-Guerra y Cortés 1996; Hereza et al 1996).
The first dam of Almonacid has been dated by the C14 method applied to two wooden samples obtained in a drilling. The age calibrated for those samples dates the construction of this work to the era of Augustus and, particularly, in the early years of the first century A.D. Therefore the second dam belongs most certainly to the first decades of the same century and, perhaps even to the very era of Augustus (Arenillas, Díaz-Guerra y Cortés 1996).
The definitive dam of Almonacid is a retaining wall, highly reinforced in its main part, with a thinner, short block on the left edge, where the weir is. The main part of the structure –very robust- encloses the deepest area of the valley and consists in section of a rectangular central body and two stepped faces; downstream the stepping is double. In the central body a retaining wall stands out which, according to the data obtained from the drillings, reaches between 10 and 12 metres thickness, of which the 2,70 central metres belong to a lime concrete core (opus caementicium). This core is framed between two double masonry wall sections (opus incaertum) with an average thickness of about 3,70 metres upstream and 4,60 metres downstream. In both cases the masonry located beside the core is of worse quality than the exterior ones.
The retaining wall belongs to the first dam and perhaps then had an ashlar facing (opus quadratum), as may be deduced from the samples obtained in some drillings. This wall was considerably reinforced on reconstruction: a masonry wall of about 9 metres thickness was built downstream, covered on the face by a wall section of opus vittatum (limestone pieces placed in horizontal courses) where a large stepped-in skirt was attached, the lower of the two preserved on that side. The reinforcement would be increased later on with two new stepped-in skirts, one on each side.
After this major reconstruction and as a consequence of the repeated effects of the floods on the river Aguasvivas, the dam had to be continuously repaired. In the preserved masonry various reconstructions can be observed and from the study of the reservoir deposits a period of abandonment during the second half of the first century has been detected (Hereza et al 1996). The most important works can be dated to the era of Claudius (41-68) and Trajan (98-117) (Arenillas, Díaz-Guerra y Cortés 1996). In the latter period the dam was heightened in order to alleviate silting effects, which must have been significant (Hereza et al 1996).
Thanks to these measures and the later silting of the reservoir, the dam has been preserved to date after some medieval and later works by which time the dam had already become a diversion dam. It still complies with this function, diverting the waters through the former Roman canal up to the irrigation area of Belchite, located approximately 8 kilometres downstream.
The second structure designed by the Romans in the straight of Almonacid
may definitely be considered as valid –although excessive by present
criteria– from a resistance point of view. The almost 40 metres
thick foundations as opposed to 34 metres maximum height assured this
condition. And yet in any case the Romans did not deal properly with two
important matters: firstly the weir, with an obvious lack of capacity
to cope with the main floods
[ ](#_edn9). Secondly the poor quality of the lime used to build the retaining
wall core. The first of these faults may explain the cause of the major
reconstruction of the first dam and the various later repairs. The second
has been checked according to the samples obtained from the drillings,
where in some cases the lime of the opus caementicium core of
the retaining wall is observed to be unset at many points. This fact certainly
led to the lack of general impermeability of this fundamental building
element, as may be deduced from the many calcareous concretions appearing
on the downstream face of the dam, particularly on the wall section of
Two other important dams on the basin of the Ebro are Muel and La Ermita de la Virgen del Pilar. The first is of great interest as it belongs to one of the three (or four) Roman supply systems to Caesaraugusta. However it has not been researched in detail since it is not an easy task due to the fact that the reservoir which it formed on the river Huerva (branch of the Ebro on the right bank) is completely silted up. Nevertheless, the facing masonry downstream can be seen at a height of about 13 metres. This masonry is made of dressed ashlar with courses about 50 cm in height. The majority of the ashlars are laid in stretcher courses, though some are placed in header courses. The masonry thickness has been sized at around 7 metres (Castillo 2002) although it could be thicker in the lower part of the work. Its internal structure is not known and, although there are filtrations through the face, it seems reasonable to think of some waterproof element inside (a core of opus caementicium for example). The dam could have been easily built in the era of Augustus, as it is related to the water supply to Caesaraugusta, and perhaps at an early date, for the facing masonry would fit this period.
The dam of La Ermita de la Virgen del Pilar on the river Santa María, tributary of the Aguasvivas, is a gravity dam formed by a complex retaining wall built in two stages. Only the part of the structure located at the highest point of the left edge is preserved, where a heterogeneous succession of masonry can be observed, allowing the explanation of two-stage construction and also the final heightening of the structure. However the total thickness of the dam is only 6,90 metres, which for its maximum height of 16,60 metres shows a clear situation of instability. In fact the dam collapsed, though not very early, as the reservoir sediments grew quite thick, as may be observed on the slope upstream from the dam. According to its structure it could have been built following the model of Almonacid, although the masonry quality is remarkably poorer. In any case the height of this work is surprising (taking into account the Roman standards) as is its function, as no reasonable destination has been traced for its waters (Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro –Ingeniería 75 2000).
Also in the large earth dams in the mid-west of the peninsula the retaining wall was used as a fundamental element to retain the waters. In two cases (Alcantarilla and Proserpina) this solution was applied with very strict design criteria; as for the other (Cornalvo) a more complex variant was resorted to, although in this case the work preserved (being originally Roman) possibly shows important alterations from later eras.
The first of these dams must be that of Alcantarilla (Arenillas et al 1999), which has been in ruins since early times, probably since the Roman era. The causes of this breach have been analysed starting with the numerous remains preserved and thanks to its similarity to the dam of Proserpina. The dam is located on the river Guajaraz, tributary of the Tajo on the left, on a high level of its course (with only 50 square kilometres of drainage basin) and it was the head of the important Roman water supply to Toledo (Fernández 1961; Celestino 1976; Sánchez 1977; Aranda, Carrobles e Isabel 1997; Arenillas et al 1999). The dam is formed by a large earth embankment (highly degraded today) and by a retaining wall upstream, of which some traces are preserved almost intact and various blocks strewn over the ground. The maximum length of the dam must have exceeded 800 metres and its maximum height may be estimated as between 15 and 20 metres. The embankment is formed by sandy clays typical of the altered granites of the basin and hence, is unlikely to be highly impermeable; consequently the retaining wall again carries out the function of avoiding the passage of the reservoir waters, leaving the resistance action to the embankment as the retaining wall is very thin for its height, about 4 metres thick at its base.
As observed in some blocks, the retaining wall is formed by a lime concrete core (opus caementicium) of about 60 centimetres thickness, manufactured with small pebbles (caementa), 5 cm maximum, and a great deal of aggregate. The core is situated between two masonry wall sections (opus incaertum) of variable thickness, oscillating between 90 cm and 1,50 metres. The upstream wall section must have been composed wholly of ashlar stretcher courses (opus quadratum) of which some course traces are preserved in the block that stands on the left edge. They are fine worked pieces of about 50 cm height, 60 cm thickness and lengths reaching over one metre. The downstream face follows the vertical line, whilst the upstream face is slightly separated from it.
The main problem –well known nowadays– of a dam of the above characteristics is its instability at empty reservoir: a retaining wall as thin as the one of Alcantarilla hardly resists the embankment push in those circumstances and least of all when it is saturated, a situation which may arise from filtrations through the retaining wall or from overspills on the crest. In fact the dam was breached due to the embankment push, as the retaining wall is strewn towards the reservoir in the ruined middle portion, although some elements show up downstream; the position of the latter can be explained by movements during flood episodes after the breach. Nevertheless, the dam is likely to have breached during a flood, as most certainly (along with Cornalvo and Proserpina) it was not provided with a weir.
In the dam of Alcantarilla there are still remains of two intake towers, one on the lowest point of the closure and the other located on the right bank and therefore, at a higher position than the previous; both were attached to the retaining wall downstream. In the central tower the intake must also have functioned as a dewatering outlet, as the whole reservoir could not be emptied from the other tower; it is the same pattern found in Proserpina.
In summary, the form adopted by the Romans in the dam of Alcantarilla was, in principal, correct but they did not count on two important factors: the floods of the Guajaraz and the lack of resistance of the retaining wall to the embankment push at empty reservoir. In Proserpina, whose structure follows the same form, some improvements were made; this happened also in Cornalvo. Hence, Alcantarilla is likely to be the most ancient of the three large Roman dams preserved in the mid-west of the Peninsula (Arenillas et al 1999).
The dam of Proserpina is a much better known work than the above as it is still working (although dedicated to aims other than those intended by the Romans) and has recently been studied (Arenillas, Martín y Alcaraz, 1992; Alcaraz et al, 1993; Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadiana-Ingeniería 75, 1996; Martín et al, 1998). It is located on the course of the brook of Las Pardillas, a sub-tributary of the Guadiana on the right bank..
In 1991 the Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadiana (Water Management Administration) started a series of activities for the refurbishment of the dam and the regeneration of the reservoir, whose waters had reached a high degree of eutrophication and could not be drained, as the deepest outlets –the original Roman intakes– had lost their function due to the partial silting up of the reservoir. The removal of these materials revealed nearly seven metres of masonry whose morphology contrasts to some degree with that of the upper part of the structure, the one known up to that date. This activity and the data obtained from several drillings and other investigations carried out, enabled a good evaluation of the structure.
The dam of Proserpina is formed by a masonry wall (the retaining wall) to which an earth embankment is attached downstream. The retaining wall is formed by two granite masonry wall sections –ashlar, banded stone or masonry, depending on the areas– with a core of lime concrete between them. The maximum height of this wall is of 21,60 metres of which the lower 6,60 metres belong to the recently discovered masonry. In layout the dam follows three straight alignments with a total crest length of 427,80 metres. On the left edge there is also an auxiliary wall of about 100 metres length used to enclose some areas where the ground remains below the crest of the dam.
The upstream face of the retaining wall is vertical in the lower 6,60 metres and inclined in the rest, which can be achieved by the stepping of successive ashlar courses forming it in that area. Nine buttresses emerge from this face, distributed irregularly along the central sector of the dam; eight of them have their origin in the lower masonry. These eight buttresses are vertical in the part belonging to the oldest masonry and from that area they extend up to the crest with a gentler slope than that of the wall, achieved similarly by offsetting the successive courses. In the lower section these buttresses finish with a semicircular section at about 4,5 metres from the face; in the upper stepped area all the nine buttresses are of rectangular section.
The downstream face remains covered by the earth embankment almost up to the crest. Nevertheless its verticality has been proved by means of drillings and scrapings in several points and probably is a general characteristic throughout the structure. The indicated probing permitted the detection of sixteen buttresses in the middle section of the dam. They are vertical masonry elements of approximately 1,40 metres width and three metres length, split about six metres between each axis. All the buttresses finish two metres below the crest, just where a 30 cm ledge is located, which shows up along the face of the dam. The horizontal drillings made in the retaining wall have indicated a foundation thickness of 5,90 metres.
The reservoir intakes are placed in two towers attached to the retaining wall in its downstream section, therefore embedded in the earth embankment, and emerging at a height so as to allow access. The main tower is located on the deepest part of the closure site and has an irregular section, although almost square, of about 5 or 6 metres on its exterior sides. This tower contains two intake series. The lower (of the Roman era) is formed by two lead pipes of about 22 cm interior diameter, placed at more than three metres over the foundation level. Nearly four metres higher up there is another intake cut into a granite flagstone which probably belongs to works from the seventeenth century. The other tower is located on the left bank at about ten metres over the river course. It also has a slightly square section of about 7 metres on the exterior sides. This tower contains an upper intake, located nearly twelve metres above the lower one. Until the 1940's the Roman pipe must have been preserved, being later replaced by the cast pipe presently in existence.
This intake is particularly interesting: it is the only one which by
level allows the transfer of water from the reservoir to Mérida across
the bridge of Los Milagros as the level of the conduit above this aqueduct
is higher than the level of the other Roman intake. This fact assures
the Roman character of all of the dam
[ ](#_edn10), although this does not exclude
the subsequent repair or reconstruction of the upper section of the structure.
On the other hand, some absolute dates are provided for the dam of Proserpina
from two wood samples obtained from the lower part of the masonry by means
of a horizontal drilling. Analysed by the C14 method they enable the dating
of the construction of this masonry to the era of Trajan (98-117) (Confederación
Hidrográfica del Guadiana-Ingeniería 75 1996). Therefore it seems reasonable
that the construction of the aqueduct of Los Milagros should be dated
to the same period or even somewhat later.
The dam of Proserpina, with a similar structure to that of Alcantarilla
(although reinforced with buttresses) has outlived the latter almost two
thousand years. It is not clear, however, that such measures have played
a part in the longevity of the structure, since the upstream buttresses
(probably built in order to improve the resistance of the retaining wall
against the push of the embankment at empty reservoir) do not seem to
be too effective as a result of the distances between them
](#_edn11). The reason for the stability of the retaining wall must be
basically the low probability of important floods on the small stream
feeding the reservoir (with a basin of 8,5 square kilometres) even adding
the effects of the contiguous basin, from which flows were transferred
to the reservoir (another 15 square kilometres) [ ](#_edn12). This practice ensures greater flows in normal circumstances,
but at the same time enables their elimination by stopping the transfer
under extreme circumstances. This is surely the reason why the dams of
Cornalvo, Proserpina and Alcantarilla were not provided with weirs [ ](#_edn13), for the outlets must have
been considered sufficient to handle the respective reservoirs. This assumption
turned out to be valid in Proserpina and Cornalvo but not in Alcantarilla,
where the drainage basin is somewhat larger. [
The Roman dam of Cornalvo is located on the river Albarregas, tributary of the Guadiana on the right bank, about fifteen kilometres from Mérida. It was built in order to improve the previous exploitation of the water supply to Emerita, which had its origin in a series of collection galleries tunnelled into the deposits of the river Albarregas, in the area later flooded by the reservoir.(Martín et all 2000). These galleries converged at one point (Macías 1929) where the conduit towards Mérida started. The dam must have been built when the water from this source proved to be insufficient for the town; then an intake tower was raised at the spot where the former galleries met, near the dam but inside the reservoir. Therefore the Cornalvo intake tower turns out to be a unique element in the dams from the Roman era built in Spain.
The dam of Cornalvo is not yet properly researched, but it mainly follows the pattern of Alcantarilla and Proserpina: a large embankment sheltered upstream by a structure element –not exactly a retaining wall– which carried out the function of preventing the passage of water. From the data available today it seems that this structure is formed by three longitudinal walls (parallel to the direction of the dam), another series perpendicular to the latter and all of them covered by the face upstream of the dam, which has a gently rising slope. The enclosures formed by this group of walls are filled with materials of different types.
It is not clear whether this system was adopted by the Romans, for it
would be quite an innovative pattern for that era, at least in Spain.
It is possible though, that the Romans just built a wall alongside the
embankment –perhaps a retaining wall in this case– and that
they reinforced it somehow, questions that must be answered once the structure
has been fully researched. It is known that the dam has been repaired
in several occasions and hence, it is possible that part of this structure
belongs to some of these activities
[ ](#_edn14).
On small works (
the Romans quite frequently maintained the forms followed for the large
dams, but in many occasions they simplified these structures and even
adopted different ones. For example, the standard retaining wall was replaced
in many cases by a simple wall of opus incaertum. Therefore the
water leakage would surely be greater than that resulting from the masonry
of opus caementicium, but obviously the problem could be acceptable
for most of the diversion weirs, as well as low height dams. There is
one case (dam of El Paredón) and perhaps more, where the Romans tried
to solve this problem by adding a mortar rendering to the upstream face.
In this dam the rendering is, essentially, an opus signinum like
the one used by the Romans to dress and water-proof canals and tanks (Castillo
2002). On small dams the pattern of an earth dam with retaining wall upstream
is also used, in some cases with the required buttresses upstream, as
can be observed in Las Tomas (Guadiana) or El Paerón I (Tajo). A very
common solution in these structures also is the buttress dam, formed by
a retaining wall, a simple wall or multiple arches, leaning against the
buttresses, located downstream. The best example of this type may be,
due to its importance (over 600 metres length, although only 4,80 metres
height) the dam of Consuegra, on the basin of the Guadiana. It had a retaining
wall upstream, numerous buttresses and perhaps an embankment downstream,
of which no remains are left. (Castillo 2002). Similar to this dam but
with no embankment is the dam of Araya, and with multiple arches the dam
of Esparragalejo, both near Mérida. On the Ebro basin the dam of Villafranca
(150 metres length and a reduced height of 3 metres) is the most notable
of this type.
An original form, as we only have one example, is the gravity arch dam. To this type belongs the dam of Puy Foradado in the important hydraulic system of Los Bañales (Ebro basin). It is a circular structure, with approximately 56 metres of development and reduced height (about 2 metres) used as diversion weir in the mentioned system. The upstream face is formed by four ashlar courses; it is the only visible masonry nowadays, since the reservoir is completely silted-up (Castillo 2002).
One last dam also to bear in mind, for its structure is somewhat peculiar, is the dam of Iturranduz, at the head of the Roman water supply to the town of Andelos (Ebro basin). It is a double dam, or rather duplicated, as two structures have been preserved, one probably from the second century, the other posterior (third or fourth century). The eldest is located downstream from the other and it was a wall of over 100 metres length, nearly one metre thick and a little more than four metres in height (as per the remains preserved) leaning downstream against nine square section buttresses with 2,50 metres side length. All the masonry is made of lime concrete (opus caementicium) and the traces of the wooden formworks used for its construction can be observed in it. The second structure is a simple wall with buttresses too, but in this case such elements were located upstream. The length of this wall is greater than the previous one (about 150 metres) and the thickness is less (65 cm); its height is not easy to estimate, but it could not have exceeded the other structure. The wall leans against an uncertain number of buttresses, which, according to the remains could be more than fifteen. In this case the masonry is bedded with lime mortar and laid in courses (perhaps, opus vittatum). By its position on the ground this second structure must have been designed as a reinforcement or repair of the first, as the space between them must have been filled with earth (which was extracted when the area was being excavated). Some remains of an intake tower are preserved in this second dam, where the conduit towards Andelos must have started.
The lack of weirs is one of the characteristics – anomalous we would say nowadays – of nearly all the Roman dams located in Spain. Only in Almonacid may work of this type be clearly identified. However, and as stated above, its capacity was very low and therefore, hardly effective. It is also true, as far as we know today, that the Romans never built dams on large plentiful rivers and most of the time they simply intercepted minor streams. Accordingly, it is possible that the Romans really intended, in those cases, the formation of large deposits at the heads of the hydraulic systems they built (caput acquae). In this manner they could control the reservoirs on low flow watercourses and during small floods by simply using the outlets installed in the dams. But in Spain, in rivers like Aguasvivas (Almonacid), Huerva (Muel), Guajaraz (Alcantarilla) or even Santa María (Virgen del Pilar), circumstances were certainly distinct; despite none of these rivers being especially plentiful (although their floods can be considerable). However, not even in those cases did the Roman tackle the problem adequately. In some masonry dams the floods did not manage to cause ruin to the structure (second dam of Almonacid or Muel) but, logically, the same cannot be said of the earth dams (Alcantarilla). Probably due to this fact the latter form was only repeated in other dams located in areas where the probability of large floods was very low (Cornalvo and Proserpina, among the largest works).
Other interesting elements are the intake towers built by the Romans, systematically as it seems on the large dams, but also on smaller ones. In all known cases, except in Cornalvo, these works were attached, upstream or downstream, to the masonry of the structures, with access from these or from the embankments to the chambers where the opening and closing elements of the conduits were located (almost always bronze pieces on lead pipes). The breakage or breakdown of these elements must have caused complicated problems; as such situations should lead systematically to the flooding of the tower by the reservoir water. In Proserpina, when the sediments that had partially filled the reservoir had been removed, a large wooden plug was found (dated to the Roman era by C14) that must have been used to close the conduit from the reservoir in this kind of event. In these cases the problem must have been the removal of the plug under a full reservoir.
A tower of unique form, already referred to, is that of Cornalvo, located
inside the reservoir. The operations performed from it are not easy to
understand (with the means the Romans had to hand). This is why, most
probably, it was a decorative element that may have been used to protect
the beginning of the conduit, for the opening and closing operations could
be done from inside the dam or immediately downstream.
Aranda, F.; Carrobles, C. e Isabel, J.L. 1997. El sistema hidráulico romano de abastecimiento a Toledo. Toledo.
Alcaraz, A.; Arenillas, M. y Martín, J. 1993. La estructura y la cimentación de la presa de Proserpina. IV Jornadas Españolas de Presas. Comité Nacional de Grandes Presas. Murcia.
Arenillas, L.; Arenillas, M.; Díaz-Guerra, C. y J.M. Macías. 1999. El abastecimiento de agua a Toledo en época romana. Historia del abastecimiento y usos del agua en la ciudad de Toledo. Madrid.
Arenillas, M. 2000. Hidrología e hidráulica en el solar hispano. Las presas en España. Actas del Primer Congreso Nacional de Historia de las Presas. Mérida.
Arenillas, M.; Díaz-Guerra, C. y Cortés, R. 1996. La presa romana de Almonacid de la Cuba. La presa romana de Almonacid de la Cuba. Del mundo romano a la Ilustración en la cuenca del río Aguasvivas. Madrid: Doce Calles.
Arenillas, M.; Martín, J. y Alcaraz, A. 1992. Nuevos datos sobre la presa de Proserpina. Revista de Obras Públicas 3311. Madrid.
Castillo, J.C. 2002. Tipología y materiales de las presas romanas en España. Tesis Doctoral. E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. (Inédita).
Castillo, J.C. y Arenillas, M. 2000. Las presas romanas en España. Propuesta de inventario. Actas del Primer Congreso Nacional de Historia de las Presas. Mérida.
Celestino, R. 1976. El pantano romano de Alcantarilla, en Mazarambroz. Toletum. 7.
Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro-Ingeniería 75. 2000. Estudio de la presa de la Ermita de la Virgen del Pilar. Monforte de Moyuela (Teruel). Zaragoza. (Inédito).
Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadiana-Ingeniería 75. 1996. Estudio de caracterización del sistema hidráulico de las conducciones romanas a la ciudad de Mérida (Badajoz). Madrid. (Inédito).
Fernández Casado. 1961. Las presas romanas en España. Revista de Obras Públicas. Madrid.
Galiay, J. 1946. La dominación romana de Aragón. Zaragoza.
Hereza, I; Arenillas, M.; Díaz-Guerra, C. y Cortés, R.. 1996. Un ejemplo histórico: el aterramiento del embalse romano de Almonacid de la Cuba. V Congreso de Grandes Presas. Valencia.
Macías, M. 1929. Mérida monumental y artística. Mérida.
Martín, J.; Arenillas, M.; Cortés, R.; Díaz-Guerra, C. y Arenillas, L. 2000. El sistema hidráulico de Cornalbo en Mérida. III Congreso Nacional de Historia de la Construcción. 26-28 octubre. Sevilla.
Martín, J.; Arenillas, M.; Cortés, R.; Díaz-Guerra, C.; Arenillas, M. y Jiménez, D. 1998. El abastecimiento de agua romano a Augusta Emerita. II Congreso Nacional de Historia de la construcción. 22-24 octubre. A Coruña.
Ponz, A. 1989. Viage de España. Madrid.
Sánchez Abal, J.L. 1977. Obra hidráulica romana en la provincia de Toledo (Pantano de Alcantarilla). Segovia y la arqueología romana. Barcelona.
Schnitter, N.J. 1994. A Hystory of Dams. Rotterdam.
Smith, N. 1970. The Heritage of Spanish Dams. Madrid.
](#_ednref1) This is a doctoral Thesis, undertaken by the second undersigned
and co-directed by the first in cooperation with Professor F.Santos (Castillo
2002). [ ](#_ednref2) Among these dams the diversion
weirs of mining character have not been accounted for, though they are
particularly numerous in the former Roman prospects – and previous
ones - of the north-west of the peninsula, dedicated to gold extraction. [ ](#_ednref3)
According to the data available, the large regulation dams built by the
Romans are exclusively located in the Mediterranean areas poorly favoured
with precipitation: Southern France, Hispania, North Africa and Middle
East (Cf. Schnitter 1994). [ ](#_ednref4) In the Baetica province alone
of the Spanish Peninsula 26 towns with water supply from the Roman era
have been mentioned, and in this environment no important regulation dam
seems to have been built since (Castillo 2002). [ ](#_ednref5)
Up to recent times in Spain all the ancient, with no established
or approximate date was said to be "from the Moors", that
is, from the period of Muslim occupation. Lately, with greater levels
of information and many more "experts" giving opinions over
ordinary people, almost all the ancient has turned out to be "from
the Romans". [ ](#_ednref6)
In the basin of the river Aguasvivas there is a remarkable accumulation
of dams and weirs, whose construction extends from the Roman era (with
three – or four- structures) until the twentieth century and counts
some interesting examples from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries.
(Arenillas, Díaz-Guerra y Cortés 1996). [ ](#_ednref7)
For a rectangular section structure and average specific weight of 2 t/m3
(which must be equivalent to that of the Roman masonry), the strict tilting
stability is achieved with a height double the thickness considering,
logically, the effect of uplift, which very probably the Romans did not
know how to value, in spite of Archimedes. [ ](#_ednref8)
The date of construction of this dam, which had not been entirely researched
until the 1990's (Arenillas, Díaz-Guerra y Cortés 1996), has been
assigned many times to the Muslim era and even, in more detail, to the
reign of Jaime I of Aragón (thirteenth century), according to the tradition
of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. And this despite the fact
that Ponz ( 1989) had already written that "It seems to be
from Roman Times but is attributed to King Jaime I who may have repaired
it" and Galiay (1946) who later reiterated its Roman origin. Even
Norman Smith, some years after Galiay, insists on placing the dam in the
era of Jaime I in an extensive work concerning ancient Spanish dams that
unfortunately contains some inexplicable errors. [ ](#_ednref9) In the aforementioned doctoral
thesis (Castillo 2002) the calculation of these effects is included and
it is demonstrated that the weir only has the capacity to clear less than
twenty year return period floods. That is to say, during the first century
A.D. (from Augustus to Trajan) and later, of course, the reservoir must
have spilled over the crest on numerous occasions with the consequent
erosion at the dam foot. [ ](#_ednref10) The Proserpina dam has always
been considered Roman since the time of first investigations. However,
when the lower section of the work was discovered there were some opinions
– not written, as far as is known – which began to doubt the
Roman origins of the upper section of the structure. [
](#_ednref11) As pointed out by C. Fernández Casado (1961). In addition, recent
calculations show that the retaining wall would not be stable at empty
reservoir and saturated embankment (Castillo 2002). [
](#_ednref12) In Proserpina, Alcantarilla and Cornalvo diversion weirs were built
on the courses of adjacent basins and from them feeding conduits to the
respective reservoirs. [
](#_ednref13) Some references to works of this type in some of these reservoirs
are modern or correspond to natural erosion. [
](#_ednref14) There is some data concerning an important repair work carried out
in the eighteenth century, when the Conde de Campomanes refurbished the
work with the purpose of using the water of the reservoir in a paper factory
constructed some kilometres downstream from the dam. The structure which
is preserved today may correspond in part to this era, as at the time
the large dam of El Gasco close to Madrid was constructed with a cell
structure which to a certain degree is similar to that of Cornalvo (Martin
et al 2000). | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/38 | {
"title": "Боомт (далан)",
"last_revision": "2024-04-27T16:19:17",
"url": "http://www.traianvs.net/textos/presas_in.htm#_ednref4",
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"language": "en",
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Niger coup: EU suspends security cooperation and budgetary aid
The EU has suspended all security cooperation with Niger after the country's army took power in a coup.
It comes shortly after the US declared its "unflagging support" for ousted president Mohamed Bazoum - seen as a key Western ally in the fight against Islamist militants.
On Friday the head of the presidential guards unit Gen Abdourahmane Tchiani declared himself Niger's new leader.
He said insecurity, economic woes and corruption led him to seize power.
But there are now concerns in the West about which countries the new leader will align with.
Niger's neighbours, Burkina Faso and Mali, have both pivoted towards Russia since their own coups.
EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell joined the US and France in refusing to recognise the coup leaders and said security cooperation and budgetary aid was being suspended indefinitely.
Also on Saturday France, the former colonial power which had moved its regional military headquarters to the country after being forced to leave Mali, said it had suspended all development aid and budgetary support.
Meanwhile the African Union called on the Niger army to return to base within 15 days.
On Friday evening US Secretary of State Antony Blinken warned those detaining Mr Bazoum - Niger's first elected leader to succeed another since independence in 1960 - that "hundreds of millions of dollars of assistance" was at risk.
However, the leader of Russia's Wagner mercenary group has reportedly described the coup as a triumph.
"What happened in Niger is nothing other than the struggle of the people of Niger with their colonisers," Yevgeny Prigozhin was quoted as saying on a Wagner-affiliated Telegram channel.
"With colonisers who are trying to foist their rules of life on them and their conditions and keep them in the state that Africa was in hundreds of years ago."
He added: "Today this is effectively gaining their independence."
The BBC has not been able to verify the authenticity of his reported comments.
Wagner is believed to have thousands of fighters in countries including the Central African Republic (CAR) and Mali, where it has lucrative business interests but also bolsters Russia's diplomatic and economic relations.
Wagner fighters have been accused of widespread human rights abuses in several African countries.
Gen Tchiani, 62, has been in charge of the presidential guard since 2011 and was promoted to the rank of general in 2018 by former President Issoufou.
He had also been linked to a 2015 coup attempt against the ex-president, but appeared in court to deny it.
On Friday Gen Tchiani said his junta took over because of problems in Niger including insecurity, economic woes and corruption.
He also addressed Niger's global allies, saying the junta would respect all of the country's international commitments, as well as human rights.
But the junta has had strong words for those who oppose them, accusing members of the ousted government who have taken refuge in foreign embassies of plotting against them.
They said any such attempt would lead to bloodshed, which has so far been avoided.
Life in the capital Niamey has largely returned to normal with markets and shops open, but civil servants have been told to go home.
Meanwhile Nigeriens have mixed feelings about the coup, with some saying insecurity in the country wasn't severe enough to justify a coup. But others have supported the junta.
Niger's coup is the latest in a wave of military takeovers that have hit the West African region in recent years, toppling governments in countries including Mali, Guinea and Burkina Faso.
It also comes as a big blow to the leadership of regional body Ecowas. Just two weeks ago, the bloc's chairman, President Bola Tinubu, warned that terrorism and the emerging pattern of coups in West Africa had reached alarming levels and demanded urgent, concerted actions.
This is the fifth coup in Niger since it gained independence from France in 1960, on top of other unsuccessful takeover attempts. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/39 | {
"title": "Abdourahamane Tchiani",
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"url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66337767",
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In this paper we use the recently developed transient-time-correlation function formalism (TTCF) to study the transient rheology of classical fluids. We compare this approach to the calculation of fluid transport properties using the Green-Kubo method (valid only in the linear-response regime), with direct nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations, and with the NEMD subtraction technique. The various approaches are compared for a system undergoing isothermal, planar Couette flow. Although less efficient than direct NEMD at large strain rates, the TTCF results agree with direct NEMD to high accuracy. At low strain rates where direct NEMD is not applicable, the TTCF approach is clearly more efficient than the subtraction method.
- Received 29 March 1988
©1988 American Physical Society | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/40 | {
"title": "Зунгааралт",
"last_revision": "2023-10-30T06:08:59",
"url": "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.38.4142",
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REAL MADRID 11-1 BARCELONA (June 13, 1943)
This cup semi-final second leg helped forge the idea among Barcelona fans that the Franco regime was hostile towards them and had adopted Real Madrid as their team.
Barcelona, the holders, travelled to the Spanish capital having won a heated first leg 3-0 at their old Les Corts home, but the club were heavily fined by the Spanish federation for the alleged bad behaviour of their fans at that game, and the scene was set for an even more tense return.
Before kick-off, Spain's Director of State Security allegedly entered the Barcelona dressing room and, gun in hand, warned them about the consequences of completing victory in the tie and upsetting the home crowd.
Madrid went on to inflict a record defeat on their rivals, before losing the final 1-0 to Atletico Bilbao.
BARCELONA 2-1 REAL MADRID (November 23, 1960)
Barcelona became the first team ever to knock Real Madrid out of the European Cup when they beat the five-time winners 4-3 on aggregate in the 1960-61 first round.
The first leg at the Santiago Bernabeu ended in a 2-2 draw, with Luis Suarez twice equalising for Barça.
The Catalans then won the return 2-1 at Camp Nou, with the Brazilian Evaristo heading home late on to seal the win, although Madrid cried foul after seeing three goals disallowed by English referee Reg Leafe.
Barcelona went on to lose that season's final to Benfica, while Evaristo left to join Real Madrid at the end of the following season.
BARCELONA 0-2 REAL MADRID (April 23, 2002)
Real Madrid had gone almost a decade without beating their great rivals away from home before winning the first leg of the sides' Champions League semi-final match-up in 2002.
A delightful chip from Zinedine Zidane gave Vicente del Bosque's side the lead early in the second half before an equally cool finish from substitute Steve McManaman made it 2-0 in injury time.
A 1-1 draw in the return allowed Madrid to go through to the final in Glasgow, where they beat Bayer Leverkusen 2-1 to win the European Cup for the ninth time.
REAL MADRID 2-6 BARCELONA (May 2, 2009)
A Johan Cruyff-inspired Barcelona won 5-0 in the capital in February 1974, but this victory in May 2009 remains the only time that Madrid have conceded six to their great rivals at the Bernabeu.
In Pep Guardiola's first season in charge, the win cleared the path for Barça to reclaim the league title from their rivals. Gonzalo Higuain gave Juande Ramos' side an early lead, but Thierry Henry equalised soon after, and both the Frenchman and Lionel Messi went on to score doubles for the visitors, with Carles Puyol and Gerard Pique also netting.
Barça won the title by nine points and the result prompted Florentino Perez to begin a new Galactico project when he returned to Real for a second spell as president that summer, with Kaka, Cristiano Ronaldo and Karim Benzema all signing in a huge summer spending spree.
BARCELONA 5-0 REAL MADRID (November 29, 2010)
Not the first time that Barcelona had inflicted a 'Manita' -- a 5-0 defeat, or Little Hand -- on their rivals in a Clasico, but the presence of sworn enemy Jose Mourinho on the Madrid bench for the first time in the fixture made this win all the sweeter.
Madrid came into the game a point clear at the top of the table and unbeaten, but were ripped apart, with David Villa scoring twice, and Xavi, Pedro and Jeffren also on target, while Sergio Ramos was sent off for the visitors.
Barcelona went top and never again relinquished the lead, while the result remains the heaviest defeat of Mourinho's managerial career.
REAL MADRID 1-0 BARCELONA (after extra time, April 20, 2011)
Real's victory in last season's Copa del Rey final proved that Mourinho's side were capable of beating Guardiola's Barcelona after five previous failed attempts.
Cristiano Ronaldo's stunning headed winner finally separated the teams towards the end of extra time at the Mestalla in Valencia after a pulsating 90 minutes had finished goalless.
The win also allowed Madrid to lift the cup for the first time since 1993, although the men in white have failed to repeat their victory over the Azulgrana in four subsequent Clasicos in both the Champions League and the Spanish Super Cup. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/42 | {
"title": "IReal Madrid v FC Barcelona (1943 Copa del Generalísimo)",
"last_revision": "2023-08-31T14:46:40",
"url": "https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/la-liga/8946213/Real-Madrid-v-Barcelona-six-of-the-best-El-Clasicos.html",
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Investigations probing the alleged scam in the procurement of Tatra trucks for the Indian Army have apparently found that Bharat Earth Movers Ltd (BEML) could have sourced the trucks directly from the Czech company for a lower price way back in 1994 without going through its British agent Tatra Sipox owned by NRI businessman Ravi Rishi.
Rishi and suspended BEML chairman V R S Natarajan have maintained that the only way the trucks could be procured after Tatra split into Czech and Slovakian divisions was through a 1997 agreement between BEML and Tatra Sipox,CBI officials said.
However,files recovered by the CBI from BEML and the Ministry of Defence show that Tatra had in 1994 offered to directly sell the trucks to the PSU under the condition that BEML keep Omnipol Foreign Trade Corporation,a Czech state firm with whom BEML had an agreement,out of the picture. Tatra also offered an attractive 40 per cent discount on supplies of the trucks and spares. The deal included transfer of technology which would allow BEML to indigenise the vehicles.
The meeting,the files show,was held on January 19,1994,at the BEML headquarters in
[Bangalore](https://indianexpress.com/section/cities/bangalore/) and Tatra was represented by its senior executives Herbert Ernst Kempe and Miroslav Vystavel. The minutes of this meeting also show that Rishi was present during the discussions although it is not clear in what capacity.
Besides the condition on Omnipol,Tatra also wanted BEML to not compete with it to supply trucks to the United Arab Emirates. While BEML and Tatra did not go on to clinch their deal in 1994,Tatra eventually cornered the $180 million order to supply 1,100 trucks to the UAE Army.
The Tatra executives suggested a termination of the existing agreement between BEML and Omnipol and proposed an agreement with BEML and M/s Tatra provided BEML do not compete with Tatra at UAE for exports (sic). The territory for the sale of vehicles will be the same as (in) the present agreement, the file notings read.
For reasons the investigators are still trying to establish,BEML did not take the Tatra offer. Instead,BEML entered into an agreement in 1997 with Tatra Sipox,describing it as a fully-owned subsidiary of the parent company. Rishi,during his questioning by CBI officials,is believed to have told them that he got a 30 per cent discount from Tatra for supplying trucks to BEML and passed on half of that to the Indian PSU.
Besides,officials handling the case point out that Tatras condition that BEML stay away from the UAE Army deal shows that Tatra was,way back in 1994,confident that BEML could go on to produce the same trucks and compete with the original manufacturer. This,they said,also raises questions about why BEML went on to import 5,000 more trucks through Tatra Sipox under subsequent agreements.
[Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)Subscriber Only [What is Project Nexus that RBI has signed up for?](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-economics/what-is-project-nexus-that-rbi-has-signed-up-for-9427023/)Subscriber Only [UPSC Key | New Criminal Laws, National Party Tag, Great](https://indianexpress.com/article/upsc-current-affairs/upsc-key-new-criminal-laws-national-party-tag-great-indian-bustard-and-more-9426331/)Subscriber Only [U'khand forest fires: Why villagers don't help the state in](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/uttarakhand-forest-fires-why-villagers-dont-help-the-state-in-risk-managemen-9424985/)Subscriber Only [In Bhopal, a race against time as new criminal laws](https://indianexpress.com/article/long-reads/bhopal-rule-book-new-criminal-law-malkhana-race-time-9425306/)Subscriber Only [The names behind the NEET paper 'leak'](https://indianexpress.com/article/india/the-names-behind-the-neet-paper-leak-9425128/)Subscriber Only
Despite 37 years passing since Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar parted ways, Salim-Javed remains one of the most celebrated screenwriting duos. Though many have speculated and tried to uncover the real reason for their split, it remains a mystery. Recently, legendary actor and Javed's wife Shabana Azmi commented on the writers' separation. She also opened up about dealing with Akhtar's alcoholism. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/45 | {
"title": "बीईएमएल लिमिटेड",
"last_revision": "2024-02-15T00:08:34",
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- Rabies is a serious public health problem in over 150 countries and territories, mainly in Asia and Africa. It is a viral, zoonotic, neglected tropical disease that causes tens of thousands of deaths annually, with 40% being children under 15.
- Dog bites and scratches cause 99% of the human rabies cases, and can be prevented through dog vaccination and bite prevention.
- Once the virus infects the central nervous system and clinical symptoms appear, rabies is fatal in 100% of cases.
- However, rabies deaths are preventable with prompt post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) by stopping the virus from reaching the central nervous system. PEP consists of thorough wound washing, administration of a course of human rabies vaccine and, when indicated, rabies immunoglobulins (RIG).
- If a person is bitten or scratched by a potentially rabid animal, they should immediately and always seek PEP care.
- WHO and its global partners aim to end human deaths from dog-mediated rabies through a comprehensive One Health approach promoting mass dog vaccination, ensuring access to PEP, health worker training, improved surveillance, and bite prevention through community awareness.
Rabies is a vaccine-preventable, zoonotic, viral disease affecting the central nervous system. In up to 99% of the human rabies cases, dogs are responsible for virus transmission. Children between the age of 5 and 14 years are frequent victims.
Rabies infects mammals, including dogs, cats, livestock and wildlife.
Rabies spreads to people and animals via saliva, usually through
[bites](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/animal-bites), scratches, or direct contact with mucosa (e.g. eyes, mouth, or open wounds). Once clinical symptoms appear, rabies is virtually 100% fatal.
The global cost of rabies is estimated to be around US$ 8.6 billion per year including lost lives and livelihoods, medical care and associated costs, as well as uncalculated psychological trauma.
Rabies is present on all continents except Antarctica. Globally there are an estimated 59 000 deaths from rabies annually; however, due to underreporting, documented case numbers often differ from the estimate.
Rabies, a neglected tropical diseases (NTD), predominantly affecting marginalized populations. Although effective human vaccines and immunoglobulins exist for rabies, these are often inaccessible or unaffordable to those in need.
As of 2018, the average estimated cost of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
[was US$ 108](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241513838) (along with travel costs and loss of income), which can be a financial burden on those earning US$ 1–2 per person, daily.
Over 29 million people worldwide receive human rabies vaccine annually.
Rabies from sources other than dogs
In the Americas, where dog-mediated rabies is mostly controlled, hematophagous (blood-feeding) bats are now the primary source of human rabies. Bat-mediated rabies is also an emerging public health threat in Australia and parts of western Europe.
Human deaths following exposure to foxes, raccoons, skunks, and other wild mammals are very rare, and bites from rodents are not known to transmit rabies.
Contraction of rabies through inhalation of virus-containing aerosols, consumption of raw meat or milk of infected animals, or through organ transplantation is extremely rare.
Human-to-human transmission through bites or saliva is theoretically possible but has never been confirmed.
The incubation period for rabies is typically 2–3 months but may vary from one week to one year, depending on factors such as the location of virus entry and the viral load. Initial symptoms of rabies include generic signs like fever, pain and unusual or unexplained tingling, pricking, or burning sensations at the wound site. As the virus moves to the central nervous system, progressive and fatal inflammation of the brain and spinal cord develops. Clinical rabies in people can be managed but very rarely cured, and not without severe neurological deficits.
There are two forms of rabies:
- Furious rabies results in hyperactivity, excitable behaviour, hallucinations, lack of coordination, hydrophobia (fear of water) and aerophobia (fear of drafts or of fresh air). Death occurs after a few days due to cardio-respiratory arrest.
- Paralytic rabies accounts for about 20% of the total number of human cases. This form of rabies runs a less dramatic and usually longer course than the furious form. Muscles gradually become paralysed, starting from the wound site. A coma slowly develops and eventually death occurs. The paralytic form of rabies is often misdiagnosed, contributing to the under-reporting of the disease.
Currently there are no WHO-approved diagnostic tools for detecting rabies infection before the onset of clinical disease.
Clinical diagnosis of rabies is difficult without a reliable history of contact with a rabid animal or specific symptoms of hydrophobia or aerophobia.
Accurate risk assessment is crucial for deciding on PEP administration.
Once symptoms emerge, and death is inevitable, offering comprehensive and compassionate palliative care is recommended.
Postmortem confirmation of rabies infection is done by various diagnostic techniques that detect whole viruses, viral antigens, or nucleic acids in infected tissues (brain, skin or saliva) (Laboratory techniques in rabies
[Vol. 1](/publications/i/item/9789241515153) and [Vol. 2](/publications/i/item/9789241515306)).
Where possible, the biting animal should be tested.
Vaccinating dogs, including puppies, through mass dog vaccination programs is the most cost-effective strategy for preventing rabies in people because it stops the transmission at its source.
Culling free roaming dogs is not effective in controlling rabies.
Public education for both children and adults on dog behaviour and bite prevention, what to do if bitten or scratched by a potentially rabid animal, and responsible pet ownership are essential extensions of rabies vaccination programmes.
Effective vaccines are available to immunize people both before and after potential exposures. As listed under the
[WHO - Prequalification of Medical Products](https://extranet.who.int/prequal/vaccines/prequalified-vaccines), as of 2024, there are only 3 WHO pre-qualified human rabies vaccines available globally: [RABIVAX-S](https://extranet.who.int/prequal/vaccines/p/rabies-vaccine-inactivated-freeze-driedrabivax-s) by Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., [VaxiRab N](https://extranet.who.int/prequal/vaccines/p/vaxirab-n) by Zydus Lifesciences Limited, and [VERORAB](https://extranet.who.int/prequal/vaccines/p/verorab) by Sanofi Pasteur.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for people in high-risk occupations (laboratory workers handling live rabies and related viruses) and people whose professional or personal activities might lead to direct contact with infected animals (animal disease control staff and wildlife rangers).
PrEP might be indicated before recreation or travel in some areas, and for people living in remote, highly rabies-endemic areas with limited local access to rabies biologicals.
Note that PrEP does not replace the need for PEP. Any person exposed to a suspected rabid animal should still seek post exposure care.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the emergency response to a rabies exposure. This prevents the virus from entering the central nervous system. A well performed
[wound risk assessment and PEP protocol](/publications/i/item/B09018) consists of:
- extensive wound washing with water and soap for at least 15 minutes soon after an exposure;
- a course of rabies vaccine; and
- administration of rabies immunoglobulin or monoclonal antibodies into the wound, if indicated.
Exposure risk and indications for PEP
Depending on the severity of exposure, administration of a full PEP course is recommended as follows:
|Categories of contact with suspect rabid animal||Post-exposure prophylaxis measures|
|Category I - touching or feeding animals, animal licks on intact skin (no exposure)||Washing of exposed skin surfaces, no PEP|
|Category II - nibbling of uncovered skin, minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding (exposure)||Wound washing and immediate vaccination|
|Category III - single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches, contamination of mucous membrane or broken skin with saliva from animal licks, exposures due to direct contact with bats (severe exposure)||Wound washing, immediate vaccination and administration of rabies immunoglobulin/monoclonal antibodies|
NB: Category II and III exposures require human rabies vaccination.
WHO recommends that all human
[rabies vaccines comply with WHO standards](/teams/control-of-neglected-tropical-diseases/rabies/vaccinations-and-immunization).
Deployment of poor-quality rabies vaccines has led to public health failures in several countries.
Vaccine administration – intradermal (ID) vs intramuscular (IM)
As detailed in the
[guidance on PEP administration](https://www.who.int/teams/control-of-neglected-tropical-diseases/rabies/pep-recommendations), WHO recommends moving from intramuscular (IM) to intradermal (ID) administration of human rabies vaccines. [Intradermal administration](/publications/i/item/who-wer9316) reduces the amount of necessary vaccine and number of doses, therefore [reducing costs by 60–80%](https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-human-rabies-vaccines-global-market-study-december-2020), without compromising safety or efficacy.
Fewer doses also promote patient compliance with the recommended regimen.
Rabies is included in
[WHO's 2021–2030 Roadmap for the global control of NTDs](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240010352), which sets regional, progressive targets for the global strategic plan to end human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030 (see also: [Zero by 30](/publications/i/item/9789241513838)). This entails:
- improving access to human rabies vaccines through the efforts of the WHO and its partners, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, which had included human rabies vaccines in its Vaccine Investment Strategy for 2021–2025. Despite pandemic-related delays, WHO now collaborates with Gavi to implement the program in 2024;
- providing technical guidance to countries in developing and implementing their national rabies elimination plans, focusing on strengthening surveillance and reporting;
- encouraging countries to build the capacity of their One Health workforce by using rabies elimination programs as a platform for multisectoral collaborations; and
- encouraging the use of United Against Rabies (UAR) multi-stakeholder forum, which was launched in collaboration with WHO, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, formerly OIE), to advocate for action and investment in rabies control. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/47 | {
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Nearly independent day
Greenland gives Denmark the cold shoulder. But would it ever be viable as a country?
THIS year's summer solstice is a momentous one for Greenland, the huge and sparsely-populated Arctic island that has been run by Denmark since the 18th century. As fireworks pop in the white skies, and amid concerts and parties, the Danish Queen will attend a ceremony at the parliament in Nuuk, the Greenlandic capital, on Sunday June 21st, where she will observe the beginning of self-governance in the territory.
A sense of nationalism has been growing steadily among the 56,000 Greenlanders, matched by increasingly lively local politics. Three decades ago Greenlanders won a degree of home rule and then, anxious about fishing rights, promptly voted to pull themselves out of the
[European Union](http://europa.eu/) (then the European Community), completing the process in 1985, becoming the only people ever to secede from the continental block. Now they are moving towards independence from Denmark. Last November over 75% voted to further loosen ties with the colonial ruler by taking on responsibility for police and judicial affairs. For now, however, Danes will continue to handle foreign and monetary matters and to provide a generous subsidy of Dkr3.4 billion ($633m), or over $11,300 per Greenlander, each year.
In time the Greenlanders, encouraged by younger and more left-leaning voters, are expected to cut loose from the Danes, who themselves have conceded that full decolonisation is likely. That process may be spurred by local anger at how politicians have lived it up in Copenhagen, the Danish capital. Matching a row over MPs' expenses in Britain, Greenland has been agog at revelations about politicians' extravagant lifestyles produced by journalists using freedom-of-information laws.
Battered by the scandal, Greenland's ruling elite was booted out of office this month, ending a 30-year stranglehold on power by the social democratic Siumut party. The expense claims by Siumut politicians read like a guide to Michelin-starred eateries and trendy tapas bars in Copenhagen. Most damning, many culinary excursions involving family, friends and even pop stars, were signed off as "political consultations" or "strategy meetings". Jonathan Motzfeldt, the 70-year-old co-founder of Siumut and the self-styled "father of the nation" drew particular scorn for getting his spin doctor to pen a flattering biography at taxpayers' expense. Nor did it help that, a few days before polling, Mr Motzfeldt was prevented from boarding an Air Greenland flight. The local press suggested that an intoxicated Mr Motzfeldt had protested by shouting "I'm the king of Greenland".
Against this background, election promises by Inuit Ataqatigiit, the leftist opposition, to clean up the system, struck a chord with voters. Kuupik Kleist, the IA leader, and his largely youthful band of fresh-faced politicians, almost doubled their vote to take 43.7% of the total. Mr Kleist, now prime minister of Greenland, will focus on sorting out child welfare, education and health.
In addition he may work towards making Greenland a viable independent country, which will mean looking at how to cut reliance on Danish subsidies and exports of fish. Plans for the building of a big aluminium smelter are under way. In the south of Greenland agriculture is apparently being boosted by climate change: dairy farms and growers of potatoes are benefiting from warmer weather. The biggest prize of all, however, would be if those exploring for oil and gas strike lucky. So far only a few holes have been drilled offshore, but more exploration is being planned. If the oil men were to stumble upon sizeable reserves, as some geologists think possible, expect the march towards full independence to step up pace.
[More from Europe](https://www.economist.com/europe/) [A crushing blow for Emmanuel Macron's centrist alliance](/europe/2024/06/30/a-crushing-blow-for-emmanuel-macrons-centrist-alliance)
A big turnout for Le Pen's hard right makes clear the president's gamble backfired spectacularly
[France heads to the polls in a critical parliamentary vote](/europe/2024/06/30/france-heads-to-the-polls-in-a-critical-parliamentary-vote)
Marine Le Pen's hard-right party is expecting a massive surge
[Emmanuel Macron's centrists are facing a disastrous first-round vote](/europe/2024/06/27/emmanuel-macrons-centrists-are-facing-a-disastrous-first-round-vote)
Marine Le Pen's party will be the main beneficiary | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/48 | {
"title": "Grinlend",
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The faintest stars ever seen in an ancient star cluster have been imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope.
The observations provide the most accurate measurement ever made of the mass boundary between lightweight stars and "failed" stars called brown dwarfs – the dividing line is at about 80 times the mass of Jupiter, in line with theoretical predictions.
Stars and brown dwarfs are both made of the same materials – mostly hydrogen and helium – but their long-term behaviour is different. Stars – even those with very low mass, called red dwarfs – can burn hydrogen for many billions of years. Brown dwarfs, on the other hand, are not massive enough to sustain hydrogen fusion for long, fizzling out after just 1 billion years or so.
Previously, scientists calculated that the minimum mass needed to sustain long-term hydrogen burning is about 75 Jupiters. But observational confirmation has been hard to come by because young brown dwarfs and young low mass stars look very similar.
One way to distinguish the two is to look for the faintest stars in very old star clusters. Stars in clusters are thought to share approximately the same age, so old clusters should contain no observable brown dwarfs – the failed stars would have already cooled and faded from view.
Any faint objects seen in such clusters would be red dwarfs or white dwarfs, dense cores of mostly carbon and oxygen that are the cooling embers of stars like the Sun.
"Globular" star clusters – so named because of their round shape – are ideal for studying these faint stars because they are more than 10 billion years old, and contain hundreds of thousands or millions of stars.
Now, astronomers led by Harvey Richer of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, have used Hubble to find the faintest red dwarfs ever seen in a globular cluster. They looked at a relatively nearby cluster called NGC 6397, which is 8500 light years from Earth.
The cluster is 13.5 billion years old, nearly as old as the universe. "The brown dwarfs have by now faded off into obscurity so there is a very stark contrast between the stars that could burn hydrogen and the ones that couldn't," says team member Jay Anderson of Rice University in Houston, Texas, US.
Theory predicts that the mass cut-off for what constitutes a star is different for objects of different metallicity, which refers to the proportion of elements heavier than hydrogen the object contains.
For objects with a metallicity similar to that of the Sun, theory suggests that anything with less than 7.5% the mass of the Sun – or about 75 Jupiters – will be a brown dwarf.
In the case of NGC 6397, which has a metallicity 100 times lower than that of the Sun, the dividing line is expected to be at 8.3% the mass of the Sun, or about 83 Jupiters.
The members of the dim red dwarf population seen in the Hubble images appear to be heavier than this limit, in agreement with theoretical calculations.
The new observations are sensitive to stars 10 to 20 times fainter than in previous work on the same cluster, Anderson told New Scientist.
"This kind of observation is probably the best kind of constraint one can get," says Gibor Basri of the University of California, Berkeley, US. The theoretically predicted hydrogen burning limits "have stood up to what observational tests we have," he told New Scientist. "I don't think anyone thinks they're off by a lot."
The observations also revealed the telltale signs of very old white dwarfs. Although white dwarfs start out with temperatures of about 100,000° Kelvin, some of those seen in the Hubble images are old enough to have cooled below 4000° K.
That is low enough for hydrogen atoms in their atmospheres to join together to form molecules. This makes the white dwarfs bluer than they would otherwise appear, an effect rarely observed before.
Journal reference: Science (vol 313, p 936) | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/51 | {
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TV Game of Thrones: HBO clarifies prequels, final seasons plan Exclusive: Showrunners won't be involved in prequels, will spend year and a half crafting epic series conclusion before any new GoT shows air By James Hibberd James Hibberd James Hibberd is the former editor at large at Entertainment Weekly. He left EW in 2021. EW's editorial guidelines Published on June 2, 2017 12:45PM EDT Photo: Helen Sloan/HBO HBO is offering some revelatory new details concerning the final seasons of Game of Thrones and its plan to find a prequel successor. Entertainment Weekly spoke to programming president Casey Bloys about his strategy to usher the worldwide pop culture phenomenon to an epic and satisfying conclusion and possibly launch new adventures in Westeros as well. Below the entertainment executive discusses the prequels, the level of involvement of author George R.R. Martin and Emmy-winning showrunners David Benioff and Dan Weiss, and tempers expectations for how long all this will take — the Game of Thrones final season and any prequel series (there are now five in development) might not air as soon as fans think. "I want to put the prequels in context," Bloys began. "It should go without saying I love having a show with this much intense interest around it. Even the smallest bit of information is a big deal and I appreciate that. But I wanted to make sure fans know this is a really embryonic process. I haven't even seen outlines. In the press at large, everybody said, 'there are four spinoffs' and they assume that means each one is happening and we're going to have a new Game of Thrones show per quarter. That's not what's going on. The idea is not to do four shows. The bar set by [Benioff and Weiss] is so high that my hope is to get one show that lives up to it. Also, this is a long-term plan. Our No. 1 goal is the seventh season this summer and getting the eighth season written and aired." ENTERTAINMENT WEEKLY: Can you talk about your strategy to develop multiple Thrones prequels at once? It's a unique approach, particularly for a network that's never made a spinoff or prequel series before.CASEY BLOYS: You couldn't do this with a lot of shows. In talking with the drama group here, and the nice thing is George has created an entire universe. The fact that there's enough material to even contemplate making different prequels is crazy when you think about it. George has all these histories he's thought about and that's one reason why the books are so good. The other reason, frankly, as I said, is the bar is so high. If you only developed one, everything would rest on that one shot. It's such a special show. I want to make sure that [any prequel] feels worthy. We have some amazing writers who want to take a shot at this. They're also looking at different times in the universe and all will have different feels. This increases our odds of finding one that's unique. What sort of timeline are you looking at for potentially launching a new Thrones universe series? Making Game of Thrones as good as possible is the No. 1 goal, and then we'll see about these scripts. You're not going to see a situation where the next show in the Thrones universe launches off the back of this one. The show that Dan and David have created will get its proper send off first. We wouldn't want to take away from that in any way. I heard originally that one or more might be a limited series instead of a regular series. Is that anthology-style format possible? At this point, everything is on the table. The idea is to find a series. It would be nice to find something that has the legs this one did. But if something works better as a limited series, sure. On the Dan and David side of things, they told me that they're not going to be involved in the prequels and instead are going to work on the final season for the next year and a half. Is that right?Yep. I'm glad you asked that because that is one thing I want to clarify: By the time the final season airs, Dan and David will have been at this for 12 years. Which is an amazing fact. They didn't go and do movies in between seasons, they didn't set anything else up, they put everything — and are putting everything — into this show. They came into HBO with an idea for a show with a beginning, middle, and end, and they want to see it through. In conversations with them, they feel if their name is on the prequels — even in a passive way — it conveys some sort of expectation or responsibility. They want to enjoy the show as fans and don't want to worry about the scripts or production issues. We were hoping to have their names on it out of respect for them, but we understand why they don't want that. So as of now, the final season could air in 2018 and/or in 2019 depending on their needs? Yeah. They have to write the episodes and figure out the production schedule. We'll have a better sense of that once they get further into the writing. Creatively, it's my understanding that the final season is going to be extremely cinematic — so much so that there was an urge behind the scenes for years to end the show with a movie. But it sounds like instead of doing that you're effectively making six one-hour "movies" for HBO.One of the hallmarks of the show has been how cinematic is it. The show has proven that TV is every bit as impressive and in many cases more so, than film. What they're doing is monumental. When you see these battles in season 7, and what I imagine season 8 will be, it's a big, big show. We've done a lot of great shows, but this one combines the complex characters we love with a huge cinematic scope. I think this is the first show to prove that can be done — and we're the first people to pay for it. I think it's great HBO keeps giving the producers the resources they need to each season as strong as possible, no matter how many — or few — episodes there are.And circling back to what I said earlier, that's why I want to temper the expectation on the prequels. We want to focus on seasons 7 and 8. If any of these scripts come to pass, you're not going to see anything air anytime close to the season 8 finale, Martin is credited on two of the prequels, and he says he's involved with all. Is he actively co-writing these pilots or is he more like the franchise's creative advisor? It varies project by project. The writers each have to decide how they operate with George. Some like to collaborate, some look at the source material and do their own thing. There's no one way, but in all cases, George will be reading the scripts and weighing in. And because they're all prequels there is no expectation of any roles in the prequels for the original cast?Nope. Have you seen a cut yet of the Thrones season 7 premiere? I don't want to oversell, but I can't imagine anybody being disappointed in this season. It's amazing. RELATED: Game of Thrones Stars Reveal Their Ultimate Spinoff Ideas EW has released its annual Game of Thrones preview issue behind the scenes in Westeros and offering five collectible covers. Get a copy here and check out our gallery of exclusive photos. Game of Thrones returns July 16. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/53 | {
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Harper, Nov 28, 2013 -
Born to parents who were landless agricultural labourers in the state of Manipur in Northeast India, Mary Kom's story is one of relentless struggle and unflagging passion for boxing. A childhood of hard labour prepared her body for the sport as well as any fitness training might have. Her own will and aggression carried her through the minefield of politics that any sport in India is. Nimble of foot and pulling no punches, the boxing ring was her domain. M.C. Mary Kom is not yet ready to call it a day, but here she tells her story so far, no holds barred -- her tough childhood, her rebellions and how she held her own in the male world of boxing. It's all packed into this inspiring, exhilarating tale of a woman who faced impossible odds in a man's world -- and won. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/54 | {
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When I first met Patrick Chan, he was peering over the Hershey Centre rink boards from the ice with only his eyes in sight. He was 10 years old but looked eight, maybe less, at the Canadian national junior championships. As a juvenile, the category on the lowest rung, he took a bronze medal.
His gravelly voiced coach, Osborne Colson, introduced him, and confided: 'I have this boy.
"You are going to be hearing about him in the future." So I paid attention.
Back then, Colson knew. Long before anyone guessed that Chan would make an Olympic team, Colson said he intended to be by Chan's side at the 2010 Vancouver Olympics. Sadly, he died in 2006 at age 90.
Colson groomed Chan for everything, even for a chance he might meet the Queen on his journey through the stars. We're talking etiquette, taught by a coach who was a natty dresser. On the ice, Colson drilled edges and stroking and balance and turns into the youngster, 30 minutes a day, every day. It has made Chan the skater that he is.
And what is he? Chan is the current-day proprietor of the lost art of actual skating that Colson loved and taught, working with top-drawer folks such as choreographer Sarah Kawahara, Donald Jackson, Barbara Ann Scott in their professional incarnations. Too many skaters these days don't know how to work the blade properly. Too many skate on the flats of their blades, not the edges, which allow great sweeping curves. Too many now focus on learning jumps, rather than on skating. And it's impossible, as Chan says, to work in a lot of blade expertise, when you are tearing up and down the ice, doing quad after quad. Nathan Chen? Watch him. He goes up and down the ice. How else to accomplish six quads in a program?
But Chan, thanks to Colson, is a throwback to a different world. And he may be the best that ever was.
"I think that years from now, you'll look back on his skating and his career, and he'll be like a legend," said coach Ravi Walia, who has been guiding Chan in his final run-up to the Pyeongchang Olympics. "He'll be remembered for sure, like [Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir]. They will have a place in the history of the sport that is a very special place."
Walia's words have value because not only has he watched Chan over the years, but he also trained as a technical specialist. And he recalls being astonished when watching Chan for the first time as a 13-year-old with fancy feet. "I was blown away then," Walia said. "I couldn't believe what I was seeing. Back then, I had never seen anything like that: this skater that could just fly across the ice, doing really difficult turns that you would think you would have to do a lot slower. And then it became the norm for him. Doing this complex type of movements with speed: no other skater does it like him."
Ice dancers –they who must use edges and turns and Choctaws and all the rest – respect Chan in spades. They bow to him. "I'm lucky that Patrick can jump," Moir said. "Because if he switched over, I'd be in trouble."
"The quality of Patrick's skating is something else," Virtue said. "Everyone knows he's a rare talent and the glide of the blade he has, the command of the ice, his speed and power is every skater's dream. I think we would all love to skate like that and fly around the ice like he does so effortlessly. He's a skater's skater."
Moir says he and Virtue will look back at their career's end – coming soon – and they'll look back fondly at having a front row seat to witness Chan's skating prowess. "The way he can move across the ice is second to none – while doing difficult turns and gaining speed effortlessly is something I've never ever seen in another skater," Moir said.
Judge Sally Rehorick says the beauty of his skating has brought her to tears, as she was dealt "the impossible task of finding mere numbers for his other-worldly skating."
So what is this other-worldly skating? What are they talking about? "I think it's the mix of power, but also he's so strong and light at the same time," Moir said. "He places his feet perfectly and it's just driving every single edge. It's such a joy to watch."
One must see Chan skate live, he added. "If you see him on TV, you can't feel your hair blow back when you are close to him on the ice, because he has so much speed and command. That's what makes him Patrick Chan. We've been blessed to have that."
Strangely enough, Andrew Poje says the same thing: It is more special to watch Chan in person than on television.
Perhaps this is why, at one time when Chan ruled the world (a three-time world champion from 2011 to 2013), despite a number of falls, fans coined the phrase "Chanflation." It wasn't complimentary. It suggested judges were giving Chan extra component marks to ensure that he won even with falls. Favouring him somehow. Even NBC commentator Johnny Weir surprisingly got into the act, charging Chanflation. But Chanflation didn't exist. Chan's skating skills truly were superior.
Jeffrey Buttle, who skated with Chan as a competitor, and worked with him as a choreographer, says: "People who talk about 'Chanflation' have probably never been competitive skaters. My legs hurt watching him sustain those ridiculous edges and turns. He is literally a master of skating."
Walia says Chan's basic skating was so far superior to his competitors, there should have been a gap between his marks and theirs. "And there should also have been a gap if he made a mistake. There should have been a gap [technically] for that if he made a mistake. He would lose credit for a mistake and mathematically, he did. But if he made a mistake, he still had his skills to fall back on."
And as Chan took his final bow as a competitive skater on Feb. 16 (in an other-worldly time zone), the tributes began to ring in.
"Patrick skates like a musician who is part of the composition," said renowned choreographer Sandra Bezic. "He doesn't sell. He just is. So beautiful."
"That was incredible, true, beautiful skating…Thank you for all you have given skating. Men's figure skating is better because of you." Grant Hochstein, U.S. men's singles skater.
"Honestly, I can watch Patrick Chan do crossovers and I'd be happy." Ashley Wagner, U.S. women's skater, a world silver medalist.
"Perfect? No. Breathtaking? Absolutely! [Patrick Chan] your quality and presence are the perfect complement to your grace and power. Thank you for that free. Hallelujah." Zach Donohue, U.S. ice dancer.
"Thank you [Patrick Chan], That is all." Rod Garossino, former Canadian Olympic ice dancer.
"I don't care who is crowned Olympic champion, no one – NO ONE – has the matchless artistry, finesse and grace of [Patrick Chan.]" Fan.
"Patrick is special," said Poje. "Just knowing how difficult his movement is, and the way he does it with such ease and such grace is something that is very unique to him and that all skaters strive to have."
Weaver says Chan makes everything look so easy, and that fools spectators into thinking his work is only easy. If anything, it is efficient. "He covers the ice unlike anybody else in the sport that I've seen," she said. "I feel like there should be someone else on the ice with him at the same time, so you can compare. He's the best of the best."
She's noticed one thing: while skating on the same ice at a Stars on Ice rehearsal, you must keep your eye on Chan. "Or you'll get run over," she said. "You think he's at one end of the ice and you turn your head and he's in front of your face in one second. He just flies with such an effortlessness that is so smart."
His turns are so complex that Weaver says: "I couldn't do that if I worked on it for 10 years."
Poje says most skaters need crossovers to gain speed, but Chan can do the same thing with turns like a rocker or a counter.
"Or on one foot," Weaver said. "On one foot, he can cover the ice with no loss of speed from end to end. I've seen him do it. He can teach the world a lesson when it comes to edge quality and complexity."
Walia says Chan is a rare combination of great technique with artistry. "His basic skating quality is unmatched," he said, speaking of the complex transitions done with speed and little effort.
Hanyu, on the other hand, has a different skating style. Walia doesn't believe his skating skills are as strong as those of Chan, although the Japanese skater is an effortless jumper.
Chan's transitions? "It's a combination of different footwork and turns," Walia said. "It's not one turn. It's the way maybe he does something with a lean, how he can take a basic movement and make it so difficult, do really difficult things with it, that no one else can do. It's quite special."
In spite of all this, Chan found he was unable to keep pace with the explosion of quads that have happened in the past three years. As Adam Rippon says, men's skating has gone "out of control." And Chan, with his skills have been caught in the middle of it. While in the past, he could rely on his presentation marks to give him an edge, he can no longer do so, because now a male skater can rack up so many points – through quads – on the technical side.
The judging system back in the 6.0 era was constructed to allow equal weight to technical and artistic prowess with two sets of marks. When the new judging system, the code of points, was instituted in the early 2000s, it was constructed in such a way to continue the equal weighting. But quads have changed everything.
When Evan Lysacek won the 2010 Olympics with no quads, his technical marks for the long program (84.57) almost mirrored his presentation or component marks (82.80). Even Evgeni Plushenko's marks – with a rare quad toe loop – triple toe loop – followed a similar path: he earned 82.71 and 82.80. Chan's presentation marks were slightly higher: (79.30 for technique and 82.00 for components.) Chan finished fourth in the free skate, a young kid at his first Olympics.
After those Olympics, Chan got busy with Christy Krall in Colorado Springs to learn quads – they were worth more the next season – and became a force, powerful enough to dominate and win three world titles in an era in which repeat champions were not the norm. Everybody else was playing catch-up.
By 2014, he was still in the mix with two quads, one in combination. At the Sochi Games, Hanyu won with two quads, none in combination, but two falls, earnings 89.66 technically and 90.98 on the presentation side. Chan had difficulties too, and lost the gold medal with mistakes and ended up second with 85.40 technically in the free program and 92.70 in components. Note: at the time, Chan had higher component marks than Hanyu.
But the story has become altogether different since Sochi. This week, Nathan Chen won the men's free skate with a phenomenal, record-setting technical score of 127.64 and component score of 87.44, with five clean quads and an unprecedented sixth quad, a flawed quad flip (two hands down) that still earned him 10 technical points.
Hanyu wasn't clean either, but still earned 109.55 points with three clean quads, 18.09 points less technically than Chen. Hanyu was able to win the gold medal because of the points he had earned in the short program, while Chen had to come from 17th place.
Boyang Jin with his onslaught of four quads, including a quad Lutz (Hanyu did versions of only two of the easiest quads, trying to be kind to his right ankle injury) and outfinished the Japanese skater technically by .09 points. In all, six skaters cleared more than 100 points technically in the free skate. And they finished in the top six positions.
Chan finished eighth in the free skate, with mistakes and only one quad, and thankfully in combination with a triple toe loop, and he tripled a second one. A triple Axel continued to give him grief, as usual. Chan was deemed to have the fourth best component marks of 91.86, behind Hanyu (winner of the gold medal), Shoma Uno (silver medal) and Javier Fernandez (bronze).
But technically, Chan's 81.56 points fell short of Chen's spine-chilling mark by 46.08 points. And Chan fell 27.99 points technically behind Hanyu and 29.45 points behind Uno. He was also 19.96 points behind Fernandez, who does three quads in the free, and only two different ones.
Chan knew this going in. "The technical is totally overriding the components right now," Walia said.
Walia, who has been known to do a quad toe loop – triple toe loop in his day, is not against the proliferation of quads. He doesn't believe anyone should try to limit progress. "It's very impressive what is happening out there with the multiple quad jumps in one program," he said. "Some of these athletes are doing quadruples so effortlessly, it's hard to believe. "
Still, Walia would prefer more of a balance between the technical and the presentation side. "That is why I really enjoy Patrick's skating," he said. "I'm saying that if someone can do all those quads, with the artistry, then I would love watching that. But I don't see that yet.
"It's great. It's amazing. But it's creating a lot of messy programs that I personally do not like watching."
For this quadrennial, Chan has been caught in a system that does not reward his strengths. He knew he could not win. Partway through the system, he readjusted his goals to win his tenth Canadian men's title, a record, and help his teammates win the team gold medal. He accomplished both those missions before he even started the individual event, which became his goodbye wave.
Before the season ended, he had already begun to look to his future in Vancouver, starting up a skating academy, getting his real estate licence, having a life that doesn't involve the stresses of skating in front of judges. The world can only hope that he will start up that skating academy to pass along what Colson taught him so many years ago. It's important to the future of skating.
And finally, from Hayley Wickenheiser, Canada's iconic female Olympic champion hockey player: "Got a little teary, watching [Patrick Chan] skate his final Olympics." Just like the rest of us. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/55 | {
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PUNE: A favourite among the most prominent vocalists and musicians, renowned harmonium player from Pune, Appa Jalgaonkar breathed his last here on early Wednesday morning. He was 87.
Jalgaonkar had suffered a paralytic stroke 11 years back. He was cremated at the Vaikunth crematorium at 11.30 am on Wednesday.
A recipient of the prestigious Sangeet Natak Aakademi award in the year 2000, Jalgaonkar was a favourite with a number of great vocalists and would accompany them on his harmonium during many a music programme.Some of them include Pt Bhimsen Joshi, Kumar Gandharva and Kishori Amonkar. Jalgaonkar also had many admirers in the form of greats like santoor player Pt Shivkumar Sharma, flautist Hariprasad Chaurasia and Kathak exponent Birju Maharaj.
Jalgaonkar started as a vocalist in his native town Jalna but as the texture of his voice changed in his younger days he started paying more attention to harmonium. However, he never thought he would become a professional harmonium player one day. His talent brought him to Pune later.
An accompanist walks something of a tightrope - he can not overshadow the main musician nor should he keep his talent and creaticity hidden. Jalgaonkar used to say that he had to exert tremendous control on his art which sometimes made him feel stifled.
During an interview with the TOI immediately after he had won the Sangeet Natak Akademi award, Jalgaonkar had said that he believed that there was something special in his fingers that made bhajan singers postpone their programmes till he had some free time to accompany them. "Because of my background as a singer I knew what kind of accompaniment suited a vocalist and what irritated him. I always ensured that the pitch and notes of my harmonium matched those of the main artist," he had said.
It is this very quality that vocalist Shrikant Deshpande recalls when speaking of Appa. "He was not just an accomplished accompanist but also well-versed with various facets of music. He knew in detail about each and every raga. Also he was equally well-versed as an accompanist across different genres of musicbe it classical, thumris or even ghazals," said Deshpande.
Deshpande also speaks of a particular sweetness that was always part of Jalgaonkar's music. "The sweetness was his speciality," he said. Jalgaonkar had also spoken about this particular aspect during his talk with TOI, "I have achieved a particular finesse in the glide from Ni' to Sa' which if not played properly results in cacophony. Actually this is the greatest challenge faced by any harmonium player," he had said then.
It was ironical that Jalgaonkar was chosen for the Sangeet Natak Akademi award despite the fact that harmonium was considered as an "imperfect instrument" and was banned on the All India Radio (AIR). "The ban ruined an entire generation of harmonium players. But the players themselves are to be blamed since most dot not carry their instruments to a concert but make do with whatever is available which affects the quality of the music. I always carry my own harmonium and keep it tuned," he had observed.
Speaking of the younger generation, Jalgaonkar had said that he had no patience with those who moan that the younger artistes are not hard working enough and looked for short cuts to success. "It is the responsibility of the guru to instil the right attitude in his students. Also students should try to understand the intricacies of music while learning. One must not pay attention to superficial things like how the guru sits or waves his hands. His knowledge, understanding and creativity are the things to be mastered," he had said. Golden words indeed. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/56 | {
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International Day of Football and Friendship Celebrated in Schools Around the World
[Gazprom Football for Friendship](/news/gazprom-football-for-friendship/)
Apr 25, 2019, 12:30 ET
MOSCOW, April 25, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- April 25 is the International Day of Football and Friendship. This year, it was celebrated in schools and sports academies of more than 50 countries of Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America. The activities involved meetings, training, and friendly matches with participation of the Young Ambassadors and Coaches of the Gazprom International Children's Social Programme Football for Friendship, famous football players and officials.
More than 40,000 participants have taken part in more than 200 events within the International Day of Football and Friendship. Such countries as Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bolivia, France, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Moldavia, Nigeria, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, the UK, the USA, Uzbekistan have held the International Football and Friendship Lesson. In Estonia and Latvia, the Open Lesson was held together with a training session for the young football players. In Russia, it was celebrated in schools, football academies and clubs of the 11 host-cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia.
In Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Romania schoolkids and Young Ambassadors of F4F met famous football players. Thereafter, the coach of the Romanian Football Federation Nana Falemi was interviewed by one of the programme's Young Journalists.
Famous Serbian TV-host and F4F Ambassador Ivan Ivanović and Serbian football player of Crvena Zvezda FC Vujadin Savić have visited children undergoing cancer diseases treatment. They told the children about the Nine Values of Football for Friendship such as friendship, equality, health.
"To my mind, youth sports need active support from professional football players. Celebrating the International Day of Football and Friendship not only lets us spread the most important values but also generates new football traditions. Creating and preserving traditions, passing on the experience are some of the most important elements of professional growth and success in any aspect of our lives," says Mike Puig, CEO of the Soccer Barcelona Youth Academy and the International F4F Forum speaker.
The International Day of Football and Friendship was established in 2014 within the Gazprom International Children's Social Programme Football for Friendship which involves Young Participants from all over the world. On this day friendly matches, workshops, meetings with football stars are held; participants exchange Friendship Bracelets with famous athletes and public figures. The final events of the F4F Seventh Season will take place in Madrid from May 28 to June 2, 2019.
SOURCE Gazprom Football for Friendship | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/58 | {
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The 5 day event attended by children from 57 different countries took place in Madrid this year, coinciding with the UEFA Champions League final.
Football for Friendship is a social programme that was established in 2013 - this year it was hosted in Madrid to coincide with the UEFA Champions League finals. This was seventh time the event was put on by Gazprom, the worlds largest producer of oil and based in Russia, with over 5,500 children having taken part since it was created.
The programme lasts for 5 days featuring football training camps, workshops to teach good sportsmanship and the values behind the game and a tournament at the end. One focus of the event is to encourage multiculturalism - the attendees are from all over the world and this year 57 countries were represented.
A new world record
This year Football for Friendship broke a Guinness World Record for Most Nationalities in a Football Training Session, officially witnessed by adjudicator, Anna Louis Orford. She said the event made an important point:
"The uniqueness of this record it shows that we can all do it. You can be tall, you can be young, you can be a girl, you can be a boy, that you can take part. It doesn't matter that countries maybe are not the friendliest to each other, you can still take part and play football."
The previous record was 50 nationalities but Football for Friendship comfortably exceeded this with 57 nationalities in total at the session.
Not just about football
On arrival, the participants are split into teams that are mixed-gender and multinational. Over the course of the 5 days they train together and get the chance to form friendships with kids from all around the world.
It isn't just about sharpening football skills and making friends though. The organisers concentrate on teaching the participants good values. This year an online programme was made for trainers so that they were able to teach respect on the playing field. Viktor Zubkov, the chairman of the board of directors at Gazprom, said coaches requested it:
"We got demands from different countries and regions, from coaches. They made proposals and asked to have this kind of programme. It is meant specially for them, this online training programme."
Former footballer Ricardo Carvalho said he wished he'd been able to attend the programme when he was younger:
"Unfortunately I didn't have this opportunity, but I fought to grow up and evolve. The most important thing is for them to chase their dreams and let them grow up like any other child."
The biggest day of the programme was the final, played in the iconic Plaza Mayor in Madrid. It ended in a tense penalty shootout. The winning team was the Antiguan Racers which included players from Kazakhstan, Russia, the Netherlands and Iran.
A highlight for many of the attendees was a chance to attend the UEFA Champions League Final. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/59 | {
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Pharmacologist Dr Vidayadhar Oke sets out on a quest to pursue intensive research in the Indian musical traditions.
After Pharmacologist Dr Vidayadhar Oke retired as President at Nicolas Piramal at the age of 52, he set out on a quest to pursue intensive research in the Indian musical traditions.
Dr Oke is a third generation Harmonium player and pursued his learning with Pt Govindrao Patwardhan and was his student for 25 years. Oke has accompanied many famous artists including Vasantrao Deshpande, Sudhir Phadke, Kumar Gandharv and even Asha Bhosle.
Through his research, Oke discovered insightful revelations in the Indian Classical Music system that is potentially revolutionary.
In an interview, Oke explains the 22 Shrutis used in the Indian Classical Music and the difference between it and the European Equi-tempered Scale.
Read an excerpt:
It is known that the Indian Classical Music system recognises 22 shrutis. A combination of these shrutis create the raagas. Dr. Oke's research began with trying to accurately point the position of individual shrutis. The obstacle he faced was that Classical music isn't taught scientifically but through tradition.
"Most don't even know that each note can be measured. In 1930, the world learned how to measure musical notes in terms of hertz. And somebody had to measure the Indian Classical scale in hertz."
He took up the task himself and discovered that the sequential progression of the notes can be plotted mathematically. That is to say while playing a note on a string, it is possible to play the precise note every time without difficulty.
The discovery of this difference has led Dr. Oke to create new instruments such as the 22 Shruti Harmonium, 22 Shruti Veena, 22 Shruti Tanpura etc. Musical notes can now be standardized and musical instruments can be calibrated according to these standardised notes.
You can read the complete article about Maadal's musical journey
To catch the
[Life Is Music](http://www.dnaindia.com/topic/life-is-music) webisodes and interesting updates about all things music, follow [www.lifeismusic.in](http://www.lifeismusic.in/) | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/60 | {
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INPhO, the Information Network on Post-harvest Operations, aims at promoting good practices in post-harvest activities for agri-food products and to assist in the expansion of agribusinesses by providing access to technical data and information. The site is currently undergoing a review to improve user-friendliness. This information resource is managed by the FAO Nutrition and Food Systems Division.
[Technical and investment guidelines for milk cooling centres](https://www.fao.org/3/a-i5791e.pdf)
This publication focuses on the planning, feasibility, start-up and operation of milk cooling centres (MCCs). It reviews small-scale milk cooling and preservation technologies employed around the world. It discusses the steps to be followed when establishing a new MCC and selecting appropriate equipment and technology for sustainable operation of the MCC, especially in developing and transitional countries.
Technical authors: Anthony Bennett, Tek B.Thapa, Sonnet Malakaran
[Milk and dairy products in human nutrition](https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/5067e4f2-53f8-5c9a-b709-c5db17d55c20/)
On the role of dairy products in human nutrition and the transformations of investment in dairy-industry.
[Empowering women in Afghanistan: reducing gender gaps through Integrated Dairy Schemes](https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/a9af4732-2d7d-4fd7-80f2-9bd720ae8e10/)
[Smallholder Dairy Methodology](https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/90d9b4d2-aa82-4e2b-bca3-80583a08bc3a/)
Development of a standardized baseline for quantification of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions in smallholder dairy systems. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/63 | {
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Next to the Kiran Nadar Museum of Art is the new Alturaash Art, a venture of Dubai-based Alturaash Group founded by Asif and Zoya Kamal. To celebrate the launch of the art gallery, they have an ongoing exhibition titled Aarambh showcasing modern as well as contemporary artists. At the space that works as both a gallery and an office, Asif narrates the idea behind setting up the gallery. For Asif, an art connoisseur and avid collector himself, the intention of being a part of the Indian art world is unlike that of other galleries. The main agenda, as he puts it, is to 'work as a banking sector for Indian art.'
"I started the art house in Dubai in 2010, as a company that has an orientation towards art and finance. Talking about India, the business structure for art is limited to a small percentage of people. And anyone who is opening an art gallery or any form of art venture is after these few people. While on the other hand, there is no dearth of artists says Asif, for whom the gallery works as a space to directly interact with people who want to invest in art along with offering a platform for the artists to showcase their work. "Hence, there is a great potential in the market but only when you have a proper infrastructure, can the new-age investors come on board. This is exactly what I'm trying to change. I want to build a gateway to bring investment from oversees in the Indian art market," he adds.
Asif is also focusing remains on exploring upcoming contemporary artists, many of whom are still struggling to get a space in the galleries. "We have so many good budding artists but we trade in the few renowned handful artists. So, this art space will be a platform to aspiring artists who are really good with their work. Also, the ones who join us will get exposure here and in Dubai as well," says Asif.
E-commerce art market
Along with creating much-needed infrastructure, encouraging people to invest in art and providing exposure to new talents, Asif also has come up with a tech-driven art market, Artwally. "Artists from any corner of the globe can submit their artwork online with Artwally and sign a contract of 125 limited prints. All you need is a high-resolution picture of your artwork along with a scanned signature. Once the company approves, the artist will receive a contract, post agreeing to the terms and conditions. The company will decide the medium the print which will be signed using the scanned signature and the price will be according to the price of the original work," says Asif.
"The platform offers transparency in terms of the sale and with the help of the app one can track the it and claim the money," says Asif. With the website ready, they are currently in the process of shortlisting artists as they want to launch with 500 artists on board. "Few of the artforms are difficult to print. Even certain colours like golden and white is difficult to produce on print," explains Asif.
Art auctions on global scale
Another plan on Asif's list is to start auctions twice a year. This is to create healthy competition among existing firms that hold auctions. "If you are having an auction, there needs to a proper preview because people need to personally see the artwork before investing in it. So, unlike what other existing firms are doing, we will have proper previews in Delhi, Mumbai, Dubai and London. The auctions will also be zero buyer premium with tax-free invoice. The sale will be held in Dubai as it grants us a tax-free invoice," concludes Asif. Till: February 29 At: Alturaash Gallery, DLF South Court, Saket | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/71 | {
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Public protector's findings were wrong and irrational, says Cyril Ramaphosa
President Cyril Ramaphosa said on Sunday that public protector Busisiwe Mkhwebane's findings against him were wrong in law and irrational - and that was why he had decided to take the report on an urgent judicial review.
Addressing the media, Ramaphosa said Mkhwebane's report exceeded the scope of the office of the public protector and he alleged she had acted unconstitutionally.
"After careful study I have concluded that the report is fundamentally and irretrievably flawed," he said, adding: "The report contains numerous factual inaccuracies of a material nature, the findings that are found are wrong in law, are irrational and in some instances, exceed the scope of the powers of the public protector."
President Cyril Ramaphosa held a press conference at the Union Buildings in Pretoria on July 21 2019 to reply to public protector Busisiwe Mkhwebane's report that found he violated the ethics code.
Mkhwebane first found that Ramaphosa deliberately misled the National Assembly when he was asked about a donation made to his ANC election campaign by Bosasa which has been implicated in serious corruption in the ongoing state capture commission. She also found that Ramaphosa was in breach of the provisions of the Executive Ethics Code and the constitution.
But Ramaphosa said he decided to review the report because of its deficiencies.
"I have instructed my legal representatives to prepare a legal application to this effect as a matter of urgency. And given the gravity of this matter and appreciating the effect these findings have on the standing and the credibility on both the president and the public protector, it is essential that the courts be given an opportunity to review the report and make a finding accordingly," he said.
Mkhwebane recommended that parliament take action within 30 days of the release of her report and that the Speaker of the National Assembly, Thandi Modise, ensure that Ramaphosa releases the list of all the people who donated to his CR17 campaign for the ANC presidency.
Ramaphosa argued that Mkhwebane acted inconsistently with the constitution because he was not given an opportunity to comment on the remedial action against him.
He said he would resort to an independent review of the report by the courts.
Ramaphosa said he was doing this to preserve the integrity of his office as president and not out of disrespect for her office.
He would not comment on whether he thought Mkhwebane's report was borne out of malice, repeating that he had immense respect for her office.
"My decision to seek a judicial review of this report should by no means be seen as a comment on the person who occupies this office, the competence or motives of the public protector. This is motivated instead by a determination that the law should be applied correctly and consistently," Ramaphosa said, adding that both he as president and the public protector were not above the law.
The president hinted that he would argue in court that Mkhwebane did not have jurisdiction and had acted out of the scope of her powers when she investigated other donations to his CR17 campaign when she found that the movement of money pointed to money laundering.
Listen to the latest episode of Sunday Times Politics Weekly
Zuma special: "the state resources gravy train"
For more episodes,
[iono.fm](https://iono.fm/c/3785) | [Spotify](https://open.spotify.com/show/5GAQweqfO3kIvtZLDktHKj) | [ Apple Podcast](https://itunes.apple.com/za/podcast/sunday-times-politics-weekly/id1436152325) | [Pocket Casts](https://pca.st/TN6Y) | [Player.fm](https://player.fm/series/sunday-times-politics-weekly) | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/72 | {
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Busisiwe Mkhwebane roasted as court finds for Cyril Ramaphosa in Bosasa matter
The full bench of the court found the public protector did not have the jurisdiction to investigate the CR17 campaign
The high court in Pretoria has reviewed and set aside public protector Busisiwe Mkhwebane's findings that President Cyril Ramaphosa deliberately misled parliament about the donation he received from Bosasa.
"We find [Mkhwebane] did not only commit a material misdirection in her legal approach [to the issue of misleading parliament], but also reached an irrational and unlawful conclusion on the facts before her," judge Elias Matojane said on Tuesday, delivering the scathing judgment on behalf of a full bench of the high court.
"The review must be upheld and the findings set aside."
Ramaphosa asked the court to review and set aside the report and remedial action based on Mkhwebane's investigation.
The matter was heard in early February.
Ranged against the public protector in the court battle were Ramaphosa, speaker of the National Assembly Thandi Modise and national director of public prosecutions (NDPP) Shamila Batohi.
They all argued against aspects of Mkhwebane's report, which was initiated after Ramaphosa allegedly "misled" parliament on the R500,000 Bosasa donation received by the CR17 campaign. The campaign funded his bid to become president of the ANC.
Bosasa, now known as African Global Operations, and its CEO, the late Gavin Watson, were frequently mentioned as having a corrupt relationship with the ANC-led government at the state capture inquiry.
Mkhwebane also broadened the scope of the investigation to include a wider probe into the funding of Ramaphosa's campaign for the ANC presidency in 2017. She concluded that there was merit to allegations of money laundering and found Ramaphosa had violated the executive code of ethics and may have exposed himself to a conflict of interest in receiving certain donations.
Ramaphosa's legal team argued that Mkhwebane did not have jurisdiction to broaden the scope.
The court found that the public protector did not have jurisdiction to investigate the CR17 campaign. It also held that Ramaphosa was not under any obligation to disclose his campaign funding to parliament.
Mkhwebane was supported in the matter by the EFF, while investigative journalism unit amaBhungane stepped into the fray to ask the court to declare the executive ethics code unconstitutional if it was not required by the code to declare donations for internal political campaigns.
President Cyril Ramaphosa and public protector Busisiwe Mkhwebane head back to court on March 10 2020. Ramaphosa applied to the high court in Pretoria to have the report into funding for his presidential campaign overturned and declared unlawful.The court heard arguments in the case in February 2020. Here's all you need to know. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/73 | {
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Public protector Busisiwe Mkhwebane.
At the end of December 2016, public protector Busisiwe Mkhwebane wanted the South African Reserve Bank to "consider reviewing its lending policies", but if she had other thoughts about how it should go about its work, she did not put those in writing in a draft report.
This week, just six months later, Mkhwebane ordered Parliament to change the Constitution, with wording she drafted unilaterally, to remove the Reserve Bank's mandate to keep inflation under control.
Just what possessed Mkhwebane to order a change in direct opposition to economic orthodoxy, shocking everyone from the ANC to ratings agencies, is not clear. But in the time during which she changed her mind she had only two meetings on the issue. One was with the department of state security. The other was with Stephen Goodson, a former Reserve Bank director, Holocaust denier and collaborator with the Gupta-linked Black First Land First fringe group.
It seems that Goodson made quite an impression on Mkhwebane.
"A must-read book," Mkhwebane said on a social media post featuring the front page of Goodson's book A History of Central Banking (and the Enslavement of Mankind) two days after she met him in April.
Mkhwebane's report on an Absa bailout, released on Monday, confirms that meeting. It also shows that the public protector, both Mkhwebane and her predecessor Thuli Madonsela, held no other meetings on that report between the end of July 2016 and the release of the report, other than with the "department of state security" on March 3 this year. The report discloses no meetings with economists, central bankers or constitutional experts. Nor is there any evidence that Mkhwebane consulted the Reserve Bank, Parliament or any other body about her proposed change.
Asked about the meeting, Goodson told the Mail & Guardian: "Unfortunately, the conversation which I had with advocate Mkwebane is confidential and I am therefore unable to provide any details."
As he is still under investigation by the Hawks, Goodson said, he is "not desirous of seeking any publicity regarding this matter".
Responding to specific questions on who had advised her on the Reserve Bank section of her report, Mkwebane's spokesperson Cleopatra Mosana said her "remedial action does not in any way amend the Constitution or violate the parliamentary process" and pointed out that the public protector had the power to deal with any "conduct in the state affairs which may result in any impropriety or prejudice".
Pressed on who had advised Mkwebane, Mosana said she was "an independent thinker and was not influenced by anyone".
As the M&G first revealed in 2012, Goodson, then a director of the Reserve Bank, considers the Holocaust to be a lie told in service of a largely Jewish global banking community.
"Of course, the principle is to extract enormous sums of money from the Germans as compensation. They [international bankers] tarnished that whole period as being one of great evil in order to keep you blind to what is possible," he said in a 2010 interview.
He has also expressed his belief that international bankers financed the war against Adolf Hitler because his admirable model of state capitalism threatened their hegemony.
In January, three months before his meeting with Mkwebane, Goodson appeared as a panelist at a Black First Land First event, at the invitation of its convenor Andile Mngxitama, to speak about the banking bailout at the heart of this week's report.
"The ANC government is in the pocket of the bankers," Goodson said at the event. "It is the bankers who rule this country."
If, through central bank reform, the power of this banking "enemy" could be broken, South Africa would have "all the development funds we need and extra", Goodson said.
On Monday, Mkwebane said she had sent her report to Black First Land First under rules that allow her to inform anyone she chooses about her findings. She did not extend similar courtesy to the likes of former President Thabo Mbeki, who is cited extensively in the report, or former Reserve Bank governor Tito Mboweni, who stands implicated as having failed in his duties there. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/74 | {
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Classic DACB CollectionAll articles created or submitted in the first twenty years of the project, from 1995 to 2015.
Bokwe, John Knox (B)
John Knox Bokwe (March 15, 1855-February 22, 1922) was a Xhosa missionary, educator, and musician who played a role in the foundation in 1916 of what is now the University of Fort Hare (originally the South African Native College) in southeastern Cape Province. Bokwe was called Mdengentonga, a Xhosa word which describes a man short in stature but tall in deeds.
He was the youngest child of Cholwephi Bokwe, a Xhosa whose parents had left him, when he was one day old, at the Lovedale Mission in Cape Province, run by the United Free Church of Scotland. John Knox Bokwe's mother was Lena, daughter of Nxe, one of the first converts of Ntsikana, a Xhosa diviner who, converted to Christianity in 1816, had become the first Xhosa prophet.
Bokwe first went to school at the age of eight or nine, and was taught by William Kobe Ntsikana, grandson of the prophet. At age ten he expressed his wish to become a minister of the church. In 1867, when he was twelve, he encountered a family with which he was to become closely associated. He later related that, when he and two friends went to watch the Thyumie River in full flood, and passed by the mission station, he was attracted by some beautiful music, which he had never heard before. Drawing nearer, he saw a white lady sitting in front of a box from which the music seemed to come. When she saw him, she beckoned to him and asked him: "Where can we get clean water?" He went and brought her the water. The woman was Mrs. Stewart, wife of the newly-arrived missionary, Dr. James Stewart. From then on young Bokwe ran errands and worked for the Stewart family. It was also in their house that he learnt to play the organ and the piano. In the same year Dr. Stewart took him into the general office of the Lovedale Mission as messenger, and later as his secretary, a post he filled until he left Lovedale in 1897. Meanwhile, in 1869, he was admitted into the mission's college department, where he was to remain until 1872. In 1870 he helped in the printing and production of iNdaba, a Xhosa newspaper produced at Lovedale. When, in 1874, Lovedale obtained its own postal service, Bokwe was appointed manager, and later became head of the telegraph office. As a student, Bokwe was active in the literary society, of which he became chairman. (His paper on "The Native Land System as Operating Today ," presented some years later, in 1894, is still relevant a century later.) He also became conductor of the mission's brass band, and also became known as a composer. His collected compositions were produced in book form in 1885. His compositions "Vuka Deborah," "Plea for Mrica, " and "Marriage Song" are still known as are his musical arrangement of the hymns of the prophet Ntsikana.
In 1892, at the invitation of friends in Scotland and England, Bokwe visited these countries, preaching sermons in churches, and telling his listeners about the work of the Lovedale Mission. In 1897, after 24 years of meritorious service, he left Lovedale to collaborate with John Tengo Jabavu in producing the newspaper, Imvo Zabantsundu ("African Opinion") in King Williamstown. Many Africans, however, were critical of the views expressed by Jabavu, in part because Jabavu was a Mfengu, a group regarded as subordinate to and unrepresentative of the Xhosa people. Opposition to Jabavu's opinions found expression in another newspaper, iZwi la Bantu ("The Voice of the People") published in East London, under the editorship of N. C. Mhala. It was to discourage these accusations that Bokwe, a Xhosa, went to join Jabavu. Bokwe's two years on the newspaper, however, were most frustrating and unhappy and this began to tell on his health. In 1899 he left for his wife's home at Tsomo, in the Transkei, to recuperate. This gave him the opportunity to fulfill his boyhood dream, and to become a minister of the church. He left Tsomo for Ugie in 1900, where he served first as an evangelist, and then as a probationer. In 1906 he was ordained as a minister of the United Free Church.
When Bokwe first arrived at Ugie, there was no school for either black or white in the district. He at once opened a school for children in the town, at first with no government grant. He then went out into the outlying areas, opening schools and churches. In 1906, through his efforts, the town of Ugie built its first European school. He also served as town clerk. After years of hard work, his schools flourished until, under the provisions of the Native Private Location Act, African squatters on white farms were turned out, and all but two of Bokwe's schools and churches were obliged to close.
In 1905 Bokwe became a member of the committee, composed of Africans and members of the United Free Church of Scotland, which sought, as a memorial to the late Dr. Stewart, to establish a college of higher education for South African men and women. As a result, largely on the strength of donations collected among the people, Fort Hare College was opened in 1916. In the same year Bokwe was elected general secretary of the Native Teachers Association in the Transkei.
In 1920, already in poor health, he appeared before the Native Affairs Commission. He died at his home at Ntselamanzi, near Lovedale, on February 22, 1922. He was buried in the Gaga Cemetery, alongside other missionaries associated with Lovedale.
Rex Collins, Freedom For My People: The Autobiography of Z.K. Mathews, London, 1891.
S.E.K. Mqhayi, Ubom bo Mfundisi u John Knox Bokwe ("The Life of Rev. John Knox Bokwe"), Lovedale, 1925.
This article was reprinted from The Encyclopaedia Africana Dictionary of African Biography (In 20 Volumes). Volume Three: South Africa- Botswana-Lesotho-eswatini. Ed. Keith Irvine. Algonac, Michigan: Reference Publications Inc., 1995. All rights reserved. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/75 | {
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Norway's John Carew has signed a three-year deal with Turkish club
Norway's John Carew has signed for Turkish club Besiktas
The 25-year-old, who has a Gambian father, joins Besiktas from Italian side AS Roma, where he spent a season on loan from Spain's Valencia.
The Turkish side are set to pay the Spanish champions US $4.3m for the striker, while the player himself is set to make almost US $2m a year.
"I'm very happy to be together with such a team, coach
and fans," Carew said at the signing ceremony.
The signing of Carew is the latest effort to revive Besiktas' fortunes after they ended the 2003-04 season in a disappointing third place.
Former Real Madrid coach Vicente del Bosque recently replaced Romanian Mircea Lucescu as coach of the Turkish team.
Carew played for Norwegian clubs Valerenga and Rosenborg
before moving to Valencia in 2000, where he spent three seasons before his loan spell at Roma.
Carew returned to Norway's national team in March after boycotting the squad for several months.
The boycott followed a suspension after he punched team-mate John Arne Riise during a heated argument at a team practice session in September.
He refused to return to the team under then head coach Nils Johan Semb. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/76 | {
"title": "Жон Карью",
"last_revision": "2023-09-26T10:45:14",
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But Scolari is not immune to surprise defeats - the Brazilian was in charge of Portugal when the country were beaten 1-0 in the final of Euro 2004 by Greece.
However, Scolari believes he has sufficient information from his sources, courtesy of Cluj's strong Portugal links.
"I have told my players what to expect," he said.
"It's important to try to win this match away from home. If they beat us then they will have two more home games to come and it could be a difficult situation for us."
Opposite number, Maurizio Trombetta, only took charge of the club on 1 September, succeeding Ioan Andone.
The Italian has Serie A experience having previously worked as an assistant coach with Udinese, Napoli, Perugia, Bologna and Ancona.
What are these? | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/77 | {
"title": "Клуж (хөлбөмбөгийн баг)",
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South Africa: Competition Tribunal
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Kansai Paint Co. Ltd v Freeworld Coatings Ltd (53/AM/JUL11) ZACT 7; 1 CPLR 140 (CT) (20 January 2012)
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COMPETITION TRIBUNAL OF SOUTH AFRICA
In the matter between:
KANSAI PAINT CO. LTD …..........................................................................Acquiring Firm
FREEWORLD COATINGS LIMITED …..............................................................Target Firm
Panel : Norman Manoim (Presiding Member)
Merle Holden(Tribunal Member)
Medi Mokuena(Tribunal Member)
Heard on : 22 November 2011
Order issued on : 23 November 2011
Reasons issued on : 20 January 2012
Reasons for Decision
On 23 November 2011, the Competition Tribunal ("Tribunal") approved the large merger between Kansai Paint co. Ltd and Freeworld Coatings Limited subject to conditions. We explain below our reasons for this conclusion.
The Parties to the transaction
The primary acquiring firm is Kansai Paint Co. Ltd ("Kansai"), a public company incorporated in Japan and listed on the Osaka and Tokyo stock exchanges. Kansai is not controlled by any single shareholder; however, it controls a number of firms throughout the world.
The primary target firm is Freeworld Coatings Limited ("Freeworld"), a public company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Freeworld is not controlled by any single shareholder and it controls in excess of 29 subsidiaries throughout Africa and Australia. It is in a joint venture with E.I. DuPont Nemours and Company ("DuPont") in South Africa. DuPont, a German company has granted Freeworld a licence to manufacture OEMs coatings on its behalf.
The transaction is a hostile takeover in terms of which Kansai made an offer to acquire the remaining issued share capital of Freeworld. After completion of the merger, Kansai will control Freeworld.
Kansai submitted that it believes that Freeworld represents a highly attractive business as well as a strong platform for development and growth in Africa and as the majority of Freeworld's turnover relates to decorative coatings, Kansai's interest relates primarily to this aspect of the business.
The parties' activities
Kansai is involved in the production and marketing of a wide range of coatings, in particular, automotive coatings; industrial coatings; decorative coatings; and marine and protective coatings. Automotive coatings are further divided into Original Equipment Manufacturer ("OEM")
(#sdfootnote1sym)and refinish automotive coatings (#sdfootnote2sym). It was submitted that in South Africa, Kansai does not supply any other coatings save for surface coat and base coat to Toyota through Duco, an independent distributor. Kansai does not have any manufacturing facilities in South Africa; as such all of the coatings it supplies in the country are manufactured in Japan and then imported by Duco.
Freeworld is involved in the manufacture and distribution of decorative coatings and performance coatings under the following brands: Plascon, Polycell, Crown and Earthcote. Decorative coatings relate to paints used in painting houses and buildings primarily in the do-it-yourself and construction sector. The automotive business of Freeworld is conducted through Freeworld Automotive Coatings (Proprietary) Limited ("FAC"), Freeworld's wholly-owned subsidiary.
Freeworld is not involved in the development of technology used in the automotive OEM coatings industry; however, through its joint venture with DuPont ("DFW"), it is active in the manufacture of OEM coatings using DuPont's licence. It also manufactures automotive refinish coatings using its own technology. The DFW is owned 49 per cent by FAC and 51 per cent by DuPont.
On 21 January 2011, the merging parties notified the Competition Commission of their merger in terms of section 13A of the Competition Act 89 of 1998 ("the Act"), as an intermediate merger.
On 18 April 2011, the Commission approved the merger subject to a number of conditions, including a condition that required the merging parties to divest of Freeworld's entire automotive coatings business.
On 11 July 2011, Kansai filed a request for consideration in terms of section 16(1)(a) of the Act alleging that the Commission's findings were incorrect and therefore, requested that the Tribunal approve the merger without the divestiture condition. The merging parties submitted that the Commission had erred in finding that there was an overlap between the activities of the merging parties by aggregating different levels of the supply chain that had inflated their combined market share.
Initially the Commission opposed the consideration request and defended its condition. The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) applied for and was granted intervention rights in these proceedings. Shortly thereafter, the DTI notified the Tribunal that it would not proceed with its intervention as the Commission was going to sufficiently represent its concerns in the matter.
The Commission, on 4 November 2011, filed a set of revised conditions in terms of which the divestiture condition was withdrawn and replaced with an obligation to manufacture locally. We understand this revision followed negotiations with the merging parties. Annexure A contains the revised conditions and the order made by the Tribunal on 23 November 2011
The Relevant Market and the Impact on competition
As Kansai is not involved in the decorative coatings market, the merger analysis focussed solely on automotive coatings. The products supplied by the automotive coatings firms are e-coat, surface coat, base coat and clear coat. Although all four of these coatings are required in order to coat a vehicle, each coating on a particular vehicle does not need to come from one supplier as the buyers may wish to spread their business across suppliers.
The structure of the market as analysed by the parties is a useful tool to understand the roles of the major players at various stages of the supply chain. At the top of the chain for OEM automotive coatings (for new vehicles) are the technology suppliers namely DuPont, Kansai, PPG, BASF and Hemmelrath. All of them are multinationals who engage with the OEMs all around the world under a very strict regime of accreditation and closely knit commercial relations.
Production of coatings can occur in three ways. Using their technology, the coating firms can manufacture in their home countries for their own markets and also export to other markets; invest in foreign markets for local production; enter into alliances globally with each other for manufacture and have franchising or joint venture arrangements with local firms where their technology is combined with local manufacture.
At the second tier of the South African supply chain there is only one local manufacturer of the physical product. Freeworld manufactures some products in its own right under license from DuPont and other products that are not substitutes, as part of a joint venture with DuPont. Freeworld manufactures e-coat, solvent-borne surface coat, solvent borne base coats and limited quantities of clear coat under the licensing arrangement with DuPont using imported raw materials. DFW, the joint venture between DuPont and Freeworld, which is controlled by DuPont, manufactures water-borne surface coats and water –borne base coats with DuPont technology.
Kansai on the other hand, a Japanese based multinational, operates in South Africa by importing the physical product from Japan through Duco, a local distributor, who takes ownership of the product and distributes to the OEMs, more notably Toyota and Nissan.
Kansai is also in a joint venture with PPG a major multinational manufacturer of automotive coatings under a Master Global Alliance Agreement. This agreement gives Kansai access to multinational OEMs other than Japanese but is not applied to any OEMs manufacturing in South Africa.
The South African market is also supplied by imports. Most of the clear coat which is based on DuPont technology and some of their water-borne base coat is imported. In addition, all of the OEM automotive coatings supplied by Kansai (imported by Duco), PPG, BASF and Hemmelrath are imported. A conservative estimate of the extent of imports by value amounts to 40 per cent of the domestic market.
Finally at the bottom of the chain of supply lie the distributors who either import or source domestically to supply the OEMs. Two South African distributors, Duco and Chemetall are not involved in the manufacture or generation of the technology. Duco distributes all Kansai coatings that are imported from Japan and certain PPG coatings. Chemetall solely distributes Hemmelrath products. DFW is both a distributor and manufacturer distributing imports from DuPont, local production from DFW itself and Freeworld local production.
BASF and PPG have in-house distribution facilities for their imports sourced from production abroad.
The customer base for the automotive coatings supply chain is the seven major multinational OEMs. In order of production market share they are Toyota (27.3 per cent); Volkswagen (25.9 per cent); Mercedes Benz (11.7 per cent); BMW (10.6 per cent); Nissan (7.6 per cent); Ford (7.3 per cent); General Motors (6.4 per cent); and Others (3.2 per cent).
Nissan and General Motors source all four coatings from DFW. The other OEMs use several suppliers often preferring to have more than one supplier for each coating.
The choice of supplier is governed by a bidding process which has the prerequisite of accreditation of both the product and production facility by the particular OEM in order to enter the process.
The analysis of the relevant market has however led to differences of opinion between the experts as to the relevant product market and the geographic market. The experts for the Commission (Econex) and the parties (RBB) do agree that refinish and decorative coatings are different markets. As Kansai is not active in either of these markets the merger will have no effect on market shares.
[In automotive coatings however, Econex defines one aggregated vertical market for coatings by integrating vertically down the supply chain. RBB on the other hand suggest that there are three vertically different markets at each level of the supply chain, namely the supply of technology, manufacture, and distribution.] (#sdfootnote4sym)
The geographic market is also defined differently by the experts. Econex defines a national market for automotive coatings while RBB suggests that it is global. Econex when analysing the data however then comes to the conclusion that the national market is so constrained by global considerations that despite having large domestic market shares the parties will be unable to exercise any market power.
Initial analysis by the Commission appeared to have found a 30 per cent differential between the domestic price of coatings and import parity pricing by the automotive coating firms.
(#sdfootnote5sym)This differential suggested that were the merged firm to exercise market power it would be able to raise prices up to import parity. Upon the request by the merging parties for a reconsideration of the merger on the grounds of market definition new data were obtained by Econex. These data were more disaggregated and showed that the difference between domestic and imported prices was no more than 5 to 10 per cent.
RBB suggested that the continuing difference between import parity and domestic prices can be attributed to the countervailing power that the OEMs exercise in their dealings with the automotive coatings firms. This countervailing power is reflected in the OEM's power to keep prices below market determined rates
In the view of the Tribunal, pricing so close to import parity is also indicative of the impact of globalisation on the market however defined. Whether one defines the market as national subject to global constraints or a global market, it amounts to the same definition in terms of the exercise of market power. Furthermore, the potential for collusion between automotive coatings producers is severely diminished by the disciplining threat of imports and the considerable countervailing power exercised by the OEMs.
The above analysis shows that the divestiture of Freeworld's entire automotive coatings business is no longer necessary and accordingly was correctly excluded from the conditions when the Commission and the merging parties re-negotiated them. (See Annexure A)
When the conditions were re-negotiated the Commission and the merging inserted certain behavioural conditions which were not part of the previous order. These conditions provide for the following: disincentivising Kansai from raising toll manufacturing fees charged by Freeworld by making re-negotiated fees subject to Commission oversight ( 2.2); inhibiting possible co-ordinated conduct between Kansai and DuPont by curtailing information flows between the firms; inhibiting co-ordination between Kansai and PPG if the Master Global Alliance Agreement between Kansai and PPG is extended to include South Africa by requiring the parties to inform the Commission if it is.
We do not need to consider the adequacy of these conditions as they were agreed to by the parties. To the extent information flows are a possible concern we believe they are adequately addressed by the conditions.
.The Public Interest
Paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 of the conditions address public interest concerns that were agreed to by the merging parties and the Commission during the Commission's initial process. As these conditions were not the subject of the consideration, we need not consider them but they are retained in the order.
We failed to find any substantive anticompetitive effects to the merger that could not be addressed by the revised agreed to conditions and that the dire condition of a divestiture initially required of the merging parties was found to be unwarranted. In addition, conditions relating to merger related public interest concerns such as employment, the development of local manufacturing with concomitant research and development were agreed between the Commission and the merging parties and were not the subject of these consideration proceedings.
Nevertheless, as a result of this finding we were concerned whether incorrect information had been provided to the Commission that had led to their recommendation of a divestiture in the first instance. We were informed by the Commission that an internal process is underway to determine the veracity of the original information. It is an offence under the Act for any person to knowingly provide false information to the Commission.
(#sdfootnote6sym)If the Commission has reason to believe that this has occurred, it should not hesitate to report the matter to the appropriate authorities.
____________________ 20 January 2012
MERLE HOLDEN DATE
Norman Manoim and Medi Mokuena
Tribunal Researcher: Tebogo Hlafane
For the merging parties: Bowman Gilfillan Attorneys
For the Commission: Xolela Nokele
type of coating is used for the coating of new vehicles. OEMs are
further divided into electro-dipping coat; surface coat
base coat; and clear coat.
will return to the impact of the hostile merger on the provision of
such data to the Commission. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/78 | {
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[World](https://www.wondermondo.com/wonders-of-the-world/) 🢖 [North America](https://www.wondermondo.com/wonders-of-north-america /) 🢖 [Mexico](https://www.wondermondo.com/wonders-of-mexico/) 🢖 Quintana Roo [Sinkholes](https://www.wondermondo.com/sinkholes/) 🢔 [Caves](https://www.wondermondo.com/caves/) 🢔 Geological wonders 🢔 [Categories of wonders](https://www.wondermondo.com/types-of-wonders/)
The area of the extensive El Rancho Azufrosa contains numerous very unusual natural landmarks – some of the deepest sinkholes of the world filled with warm, slightly acidic water. Some of these sinkholes have sealed themselves with plain travertine lids, others have floating travertine islands. This is the unique Sistema Zacaton (Zacatón) – an area where karst processes are influenced by volcanic heat.
[North America](https://www.wondermondo.com/wonders-of-north-america/), [Mexico](https://www.wondermondo.com/wonders-of-mexico/), Tamaulipas, southern part of the state, 12 km north-west from Aldama town
Map of the site
If you see this after your page is loaded completely, leafletJS files are missing.
History of exploration
Most likely these unusual sinkholes and also caves were well known to indigenous people. Félix María Calleja, viceroy of New Spain, in 1795 wrote: "There is a large cave lit by natural skylight (most likely
[Las Quarteles](https://www.wondermondo.com/cavernas-las-quarteles-zacaton/)) and 200 varas (some 170 m) from this cave there is a deep cavity that has a lake with an island (most likely [El Zacaton](https://www.wondermondo.com/el-zacaton-sinkhole/))".
This area earlier has not been too popular among explorers – it is hard to access. The local thickets are called "Tamaulipas Thorn Forest": here numerous species of plants have thorns and are irritating to the skin, here live lots of ticks and other parasites. Water filled sinkholes (called cenotes – Spanish version of Mayan d'zonot – "a hole in the ground") are even harder to access – these basically are wells with steep cliffsides around. Nonetheless, Sistema Zacaton offers many great sights.
This area received more attention in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, as cave divers tried to reach the bottom of the deepest sinkhole – El Zacaton. It turned into a historically important dive site with several world records set here.
Women's depth record in diving was reached here in 1993 by Dr. Ann Kristovich: she reached the depth of 169 m.
On April 6, 1994, there happened both a tragedy and an amazing achievement. Two very experienced cave divers – Sheck Exley and Jim Bowden simultaneously dived in the lake. Jim Bowden reached the world record – 282 m but Sheck Exley died due to unexplained reasons at the depth of 268 – 276 m. Both divers were not too far from each other but in the darkness could see only the lights of their partner and at such record depth, none of them was able to go and see how the other diver feels. The true depth of El Zacaton was not reached and still, there was no idea how deep it is.
These tragic events changed the strategy of further research. Researchers decided to used robotic equipment.
El Zacaton was selected as a suitable place for scientific experiments by NASA and several other institutions. This unusual place served as a testbed for a semi-autonomous robot called Deep Phreatic Thermal Explorer (DEPTHX). This robot with success reached the bottom of the sinkhole in late May 2007 and mapped it, it brought also samples of new species of microorganisms.
One of the most active researchers of Sistema Zacaton is Marcus Gary, Jackson School of Geosciences at the University of Texas, with numerous other different specialists joining during the expeditions. Since the middle of the 1990s, there have been made numerous field trips, very often using state-of-the-art scientific equipment.
This research has given surprising results. One of the most unusual discoveries was the fact that some of the sinkholes have sealed themselves with travertine caps. It is very important to investigate the somewhat mysterious waterbodies below these caps without interfering with these isolated biotopes. To some extent, this has been achieved by the use of the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) method.
Many potentially interesting features in Sistema Zacaton still need to be researched. Among other features, several locations (some even without names) look like unexplored sinkholes with travertine caps over them.
Volcano, groundwater and limestone
Sistema Zacaton is experiencing incredible geological processes that might be unique in the whole world.
The limestone where all the structures are located, was deposited in the Late Cretaceous some 70 million years ago. Some 40 million years ago the area was raised above the water level and there formed contemporary Sierra de Tamaulipas. Some 25 million years ago, in the late Oligocene here started to form volcanic intrusions. In Late Pliocene (some 2.5 million years ago) volcanic eruptions took place here and continued throughout the Pleistocene when in several locations of this area formed basaltic lava flows.
Groundwater and volcanic heat
As in any other area in the world, the water here seeps inside the ground. But unlike most areas of the world, it reaches volcanic heat here. And even more rare is that this heated and chemically altered water then reaches the base of the very thick limestone layer. The result of this is exciting:
- When groundwater reaches volcanic heat, it (obviously) is heated;
- Warm water dissolves more than cold – groundwater becomes acidic due to the dissolved carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide;
- Such hot and acidic water easily dissolves the limestone, forming voids at the base of the limestone layer;
- These voids become larger and larger and the limestone layer above them becomes weakened due to hot, acidic water. Rather soon the ceiling collapses, opening access of groundwater to a higher limestone layer;
- When such a collapse structure goes upwards through multiple layers of limestone, it takes the most rational and simple form – circle. Thus all sinkholes of Sistema Zacaton are rounded.
It is estimated that this phreatic process (geological process below the level of groundwater) continues here over the last 1.5 million years.
This is not the full story yet. The dissolved limestone – calcium carbonate – has to precipitate somewhere else. This happens when the groundwater becomes colder and less acidic. One such place is the surface of the sinkhole – and here comes the story about floating islands and travertine lids over the sinkholes.
Floating islands and travertine lids
First very unusual thing noticed about the Sistema Zacaton was a group of round, floating islands in El Zacaton. It is not common to see islands floating around!
Another unusual discovery was the hollow sound of the unusually plain bottom of Poza Seca, reached only in 2000. Yes, the bottom of at least 8 sinkholes in Sistema Zacaton is plain like a pan – which contradicts a common sight in sinkholes elsewhere in the world. Often the bottom of sinkholes has a conical heap of collapse material – but not in Sistema Zacaton.
Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) research affirmed the suspicions – these plain surfaces are not true bottoms, they are 2 – 4 m thick travertine lids with large, water-filled voids underneath.
Earlier these were "usual" water-filled sinkholes (even such formations are not usual!). But as the volcanic activity calmed down, the temperature of water gradually decreased and on the surface of these weird lakes appeared mats of precipitated calcium carbonate. The formation of these travertine lids was facilitated by the lush subtropical vegetation of Mexico.
Travertine lids of Sistema Zacaton have formed mainly at the level of present-day water level but there are also some which have formed in times when the water level was lower. Thus Poza Verde has a lid 45 m below the water level. But in the rainy season also the surface level travertine caps have shallow lakes over them.
Waterbodies below the travertine caps may contain unique species of microorganisms able to survive in anoxic conditions and without light. Contemporary science though has not solved a problem – how to research these possible life forms without endangering them. Any penetration through the travertine lid would open a path for the invasion of other microorganisms potentially dangerous to this isolated biotope.
These phreatic sinkholes contain unique microbial communities, each adjusted to specific geochemical conditions of each sinkhole. Most diverse communities of microorganisms are in the deeper sinkholes – El Zacaton, La Pilita, and Poza Caracol. Travertine walls of the upper part of these sinkholes are entirely covered with purple, red, and green biomats. These organisms are utilizing the volcanically originated sulfur. This unusual biotope includes also phototrophic microbes – the content of sulfur in water fluctuates during the day and night. Most likely microbial activity in these unique sinkholes is actively influencing their formation and many of the peculiarities observed here.
Green-colored mats are more common closer to the surface of the water. At the depth of some 3 m appear purple biomats. Below 100 m these mats disappear totally – thus it shows that these microbial communities are dependant on the light.
Microbial mats seem to have a high influence on sulfur content in the water. Certain species of bacteria turn H2S into H2SO4 – sulphuric acid. Thus there is no wonder that the cliff under these mats is turned into a kind of carbonate "soup". In this process, there is consumed the oxygen in the water and created sulphuric acid.
Shortly after the discovery of the unique qualities of Sistema Zacaton it is endangered by hordes of tourists. Many tourists do not respect the natural beauty, fragile environment of thorn forest, and cenotes themselves, they don't respect private property too. This top-priority site has nearly no protection regime and no tourism policy elaborated and implemented.
Before such policy and protection is in place, please – better refrain from visits to Sistema Zacaton.
Landmarks of Sistema Zacaton
Wondermondo has the descriptions of the following landmarks in Sistema Zacaton:
[Cenote Alameda](https://www.wondermondo.com/cenote-alameda-sistema-zacaton/)– wide sinkhole [Cenote Amarillo](https://www.wondermondo.com/cenote-amarillo-sistema-zacaton/)– little investigated sinkhole [Atascosa pool](https://www.wondermondo.com/atascosa-pool-sistema-zacaton/)– muddy rounded pool [Cenote Azufrosa and La Cristalina](https://www.wondermondo.com/cenote-azufrosa-and-la-cristalina-sistema-zacaton/)– wide sinkhole with travertine lid and deep cave with spring [Poza del Caracol](https://www.wondermondo.com/poza-del-caracol-sistema-zacaton/)– narrow, more than 114 m deep sinkhole [Caverna Travertina](https://www.wondermondo.com/caverna-travertina-zacaton/)– powerful spring with impressive travertine formations [Cueva La Iguana](https://www.wondermondo.com/cueva-la-iguana-zacaton/)– large cave [El Nacimiento spring](https://www.wondermondo.com/el-nacimiento-zacaton/)– powerful spring, resurgence of nearby El Zacaton sinkhole [Poza Garapata](https://www.wondermondo.com/poza-garapata-sistema-zacaton/)– dry sinkhole, possibly has travertine lid with waterbody underneath [Laguna Colorada](https://www.wondermondo.com/laguna-colorada-sistema-zacaton/)– sinkhole with emerald colored lake in it [La Pilita sinkhole](https://www.wondermondo.com/la-pilita-sinkhole-sistema-zacaton/)– more than 120 m deep sinkhole with narrowed travertine "neck" [Cavernas Las Quarteles](https://www.wondermondo.com/cavernas-las-quarteles-zacaton/)– 1,680 m long cave system with many collapse sinks [Palmita](https://www.wondermondo.com/palmita-zacaton/)– smaller sinkhole [Poza Seca](https://www.wondermondo.com/poza-seca-sistema-zacaton/)– dry sinkhole with travertine lid and deep waterbody underneath [Poza Tule](https://www.wondermondo.com/poza-tule-sistema-zacaton/)– wide sinkhole with two travertine lids [Poza Verde](https://www.wondermondo.com/poza-verde-sistema-zacaton/)– large sinkhole with travertine lid in 40 – 48 m depth [El Zacaton sinkhole](https://www.wondermondo.com/el-zacaton-sinkhole/)– 339 m deep sinkhole
- Marcus Gary,
[Sistema Zacatón](http://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/jmsharp/zacaton/default.htm), research homepage. Accessed on June 27, 2010
- Marcus O Gary, John M. Sharp Jr.
[Volcanogenic karstification of Sistema Zacatón, Mexico](http://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/jmsharp/zacaton/DEPTHX/Mission2-Blogs/2007-03-08/articles_and_papers/Gary_and_Sharp2006.pdf). Accessed on July 2, 2010
Sistema Zacaton is included in the following lists and articles:
This category includes outstanding sinkholes – large natural depressions or holes, which for most the part represent collapsed caves.
Powerful natural freshwater springs belong to the most fascinating monuments of nature. Even more exciting is the diversity of unusual springs – mineral springs, hot springs, submarine springs as well as the unusual black smokers. Especially beautiful are such natural rarities as travertine, silica, or salt terraces created by warm and hot springs and, especially, geysers.
[Wonders of Mexico](https://www.wondermondo.com/wonders-of-mexico/)
Few countries in the world can offer such an array of unique and astounding attractions as Mexico.
The area of this country was the cradle of several highly developed indigenous civilizations and some regions in the country are dotted with remnants of ancient cities with temples, palaces, and pyramids.
[Hypogene Karst Regions and Caves of the World](//amzn.to/2CtpVIE)
This book illustrates the diversity of hypogene speleogenetic processes and void-conduit patterns depending on variations of the geological environments by presenting regional and cave-specific case studies. The cases include both well-known and newly recognized hypogene karst regions and caves of the world. They all focus on geological, hydrogeological, geodynamical, and evolutionary contexts of hypogene speleogenesis.
[Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science](//amzn.to/2CWBiKd)
The Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science contains 350 alphabetically arranged entries. The topics include cave and karst geoscience, cave archaeology and human use of caves, art in caves, hydrology and groundwater, cave and karst history, and conservation and management. The Encyclopedia is extensively illustrated with photographs, maps, diagrams, and tables, and has thematic content lists and a comprehensive index to facilitate searching and browsing. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/81 | {
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A sinkhole, also known as a cenote, sink, sink-hole, shakehole, swallet, swallow hole, or doline (the different terms for sinkholes are often used interchangeably), is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. Some are caused by karst processes - for example, the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks or suffosion processes.
Sinkholes may vary in size from 1 to 600 m (3.3 to 2,000 ft) both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. Sinkholes may be formed gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide. These terms are often used interchangeably, though many distinguish between features a surface stream flows into and features with no such input. Only the former are described as sinks, swallow holes or swallets. A sinkhole on a glacier is called a moulin or a glacier mill.
The mechanisms of formation involves natural process of erosion or gradual removal of slightly soluble bedrock (such as limestone) by percolating water, the collapse of a cave roof, or a lowering of the water table. Occasionally a sinkhole may exhibit a visible opening into a cave below. In the case of exceptionally large sinkholes, such as Cedar Sink at Mammoth Cave National Park, USA, a stream or river may be visible across its bottom flowing from one side to the other.
Sinkholes can also form when natural water-drainage patterns are changed and new water-diversion systems are developed. Some sinkholes form when the land surface is changed, such as when industrial and runoff-storage ponds are created; the substantial weight of the new material can trigger an underground collapse of supporting material, thus, causing a sinkhole.
[A Drone Flew Into Siberia's 'Doorway to The Underworld' And The Footage Is Epic](https://www.sciencealert.com/a-drone-flew-into-siberias-doorway-to-the-underworld-and-the-footage-is-epic) Science Alert - July 26, 2023
[Watch drone delve into Siberia's growing 'gateway to the underworld,' the largest permafrost depression in the world](https://www.livescience.com/planet-earth/arctic/watch-drone-delve-into-siberias-growing-gateway-to-the-underworld-the-largest-permafrost-depression-in-the-world) Live Science - July 26, 2023
[How To Detect A Sinkhole - Before It Swallows You Up](https://www.iflscience.com/how-to-detect-a-sinkhole-before-it-swallows-you-up-69948) IFL Science - July 22, 2023
The geology of the rocks beneath you is a clue to the possibility of sinkholes. Limestone is prone to dissolution by groundwater which can, over time, create enormous networks of underground caves known as karst. These can collapse downwards due to gravity, leading to great surface depressions and subsidence damage and even the complete loss of houses.
[World's Second-Deepest Blue Hole Discovered Off Mexico's Coast](https://www.iflscience.com/worlds-second-deepest-blue-hole-discovered-off-mexicos-coast-68579) IFL Science - April 23, 2023
The second-deepest blue hole in the world has been discovered in the bay of Chetumal in Mexico. With a depth of 274 meters (899 feet), this massive marine cavern has been named Taam ja', which means 'deep water' in the Mayan language.
[A Giant Sinkhole Has Been Discovered in China With Its Very Own Forest](https://www.sciencealert.com/a-giant-sinkhole-has-been-discovered-in-china-with-its-very-own-forest) Science Alert - May 12, 2022
The sinkhole is 630 feet (192 meters) deep, according to the Xinhua news agency, deep enough to just swallow St. Louis' Gateway Arch. A team of speleologists and spelunkers rappelled into the sinkhole on Friday (May 6), discovering that there are three cave entrances in the chasm, as well as ancient trees 131 feet (40 meters) tall, stretching their branches toward the sunlight that filters through the sinkhole entrance.
[Sinkholes as big as a skyscraper and as wide as a city street open up in the Arctic seafloor](https://www.livescience.com/sinkholes-opening-arctic-seafloor) Science Alert - March 17, 2021
Giant "sinkholes" - one of which could devour an entire city block holding six-story buildings - are appearing along the Arctic seafloor, as submerged permafrost thaws and disturbs the area, scientists have discovered. But even though human-caused climate change is increasing the average temperatures in the Arctic, the thawing permafrost that's creating these sinkholes seems to have a different culprit - heated, slowly moving groundwater systems.
The Arctic permafrost at the bottom of the Canadian Beaufort Sea has been submerged for about 12,000 years, since the end of the last ice age, when meltwater from glaciers blanketed the region. Until now, the frozen seafloor had been hidden from scientists' peering eyes. This remote part of the Arctic has only recently become accessible to researchers on ships as climate change causes the sea ice to retreat, the researchers said.
As of May 2018, sinkholes are increasing in number around the world due to rapidly increasing Earth Changes. This week a sinkhole was discovered on the White House lawn creating humor and symbolism.
['Sacred sinkhole' discovered under 1,000-year-old Mayan temple... and it may eventually destroy the pyramid](http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3200817/Sacred-sinkhole-discovered-1-000-year-old-Mayan-temple-eventually-destroy-pyramid.html) Daily Mail - August 17, 2015
It is a towering testament to a long dead civilization and has fascinated archaeologists for more than 150 years, but one of the most famous Mayan pyramids has been hiding a secret beneath its mighty steps. Researchers have discovered an enormous sinkhole beneath the 1,000-year-old Temple of Kukulkan, also known as El Castillo, which dominates the Mayan city of Chichen Itza in the northern Yucatan Peninusula of Mexico. And they fear the underground cavern, or cenote, which has a river running through it, may eventually cause the entire pyramid to collapse if its roof gives way.
[Massive sinkhole opens in Brooklyn](http://nypost.com/2015/08/04/massive-sinkhole-opens-in-brooklyn/) NY Post - August 6, 2015
The last major sinkhole in my area was on 3rd Avenue and 92nd Street in Bay Ridge.
This sinkhole is on 5th Avenue and 64th Street just down the street from the Lexus dealership where I bought my car.
Walking under the BQE (Brooklyn Queens Expressway) which is under construction and may have contributed to the problem.
It will take months to repair.
I turned to take a pic looking down at the train tracks below.
[Quite a Jolt: Earthquakes Heralded Opening of Sinkhole](http://www.livescience.com/28809-earthquakes-signaled-toxic-sinkhole.html) Live Science - April 18, 2013
Earthquakes signaled the opening of a giant toxic sinkhole in southeastern Louisiana last year, researchers reported here today (April 17) at the Seismological Society of America's annual meeting. Strong shaking first rattled residents of Bayou Corne on June 8 and July 3 in 2012, prompting officials to install earthquake monitors near the small town. After July 14, seismometers detected 10 to 12 sharp tremors of about magnitude 2.5 jolting the region daily, said Steve Horton, a seismologist at the University of Memphis and lead study author.
A sinkhole was formed suddenly in Guatemala in May 2010, where torrential rains from Tropical Storm Agatha and a bad drainage system were blamed for creating a sinkhole that swallowed a three story building and a house. This sinkhole measured approximately 66 feet (20 m) wide and 100 feet (30 m) deep. A similar hole had formed nearby in February 2007.
However, geologist Sam Bonis says that actually it is not a sinkhole but a "piping feature". Guatemala City is built mainly on pumice fill and, according to Bonis, "When you have water flowing from storm water runoff, a sewage pipe, or any kind of strong flow, it eats away at the loose material. We don't know how long it has to go on before it collapses. But once it starts collapsing, God help us."
Guatemala Sinkhole 2010
Devil's Millhopper near Hawthorne, Florida, USA.
Mulberry, Florida, Sinkhole
[blue hole](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_hole) is a submarine cave or sinkhole. They are also called vertical caves. There are many different Blue Holes located around the world, such as in the Bahamas and in Belize.
Blue holes are roughly circular, steep-walled depressions, and so named for the dramatic contrast between the dark blue, deep waters of their depths and the lighter blue of the shallows around them. Their water circulation is poor, and they are commonly anoxic below a certain depth; this environment is unfavorable for most sea life, but nonetheless can support large numbers of bacteria.
The deepest blue hole in the world - at 335 metres (1,100 ft) - is Tamaulipas, Mexico's Zacaton. The next deepest blue hole is Dean's Blue Hole at 202 metres (663 ft), located in a bay west of Clarence Town on Long Island, Bahamas. Other blue holes are about half that deep at around 100Ð120 metres (330Ð390 ft).
Blue holes formed during past ice ages, when sea level was as much as 100Ð120 metres (330-390 ft) lower than at present. At those times, these formations were subjected to the same chemical weathering common in all limestone-rich terrains; this ended once they were submerged at the end of the ice age.
Blue holes are typically found on shallow carbonate platforms, exemplified by the Bahama Banks, as well as on and around the Yucatn Peninsula, such as at the Great Blue Hole at Lighthouse Reef Atoll, Belize
Blue Hole in Belize
First discovered by Jacques Cousteau, one of the worldÕs most famous divers and marine conservationists, the Great Blue Hole in Belize is the best of the bunch, and every diver's dream. Measuring 305m (1,000 ft) across and 123 m (400 ft) deep, the Blue Hole is almost perfectly circular and can be found in Lighthouse Reef Atoll, about 60 miles from Belize City.
The Great Blue Hole in Belize is a Mecca for those wanting to dive among its giant stalactites and stalagmites that were formed during the last Ice Age. Starting at around 30-33 meters, the limestone formations become more intricate with depth, but few get to see what they look like as most divers are only qualified to go to a depth of around 30 meters, although, when it comes to diving in blue holes, many flout the rules.
Dean's Blue Hole
Dean's Blue Hole is the world's second deepest blue hole (underwater sinkhole), which plunges 202 metres (663 ft) to the ocean floor, in a bay west of Clarence Town on Long Island, Bahamas. The maximum depth of most other known blue holes and sinkholes is 110 metres (360 ft), which makes the 202 metres (663 ft) depth of Dean's Blue Hole quite exceptional, though Zacatn in Mexico is even deeper at 335 metres (1,099 ft).
Dean's Blue Hole is roughly circular at the surface, with a diameter ranging from 25 to 35 metres (82Ð115 ft). After descending 20 metres (66 ft), the hole widens considerably into a cavern with a diameter of 100 metres (330 ft).
Blue Hole in the Red Sea
Blue Hole is a diving location on east Sinai, a few kilometres north of Dahab, Egypt on the coast of the Red Sea. It is a submarine pothole (a kind of cave), around 130 m deep. There is a shallow opening around 6 m deep, known as 'the saddle', opening out to the sea, and a 26 m long tunnel, known as the arch, the top of which lies at a depth of 52 m. The hole itself and the surrounding area has an abundance of coral and reef fish.
Dahab was a tiny Bedouin fishing village on the Sinai coast, about 50 miles from Sharm el-Sheikh to the south. Over the past 25 years it has become known worldwide for having great windsurfing conditions and some of the best shore diving anywhere.
Technical diver passing under the Arch.
The Blue Hole, a short drive north of the main centre of Dahab, is notorious for the number of diving fatalities which have occurred there earning it the sobriquet, "World's Most Dangerous Dive Site" and the nickname "Diver's Cemetery". The site is signposted by a sign that says "Blue hole: Easy entry". Accidents are frequently caused when divers attempt to find the tunnel through the reef (known as "The Arch") connecting the Blue Hole and open water at about 52 m depth. This is beyond the PADI recreational diving limit (40 m), and the effect of nitrogen narcosis will be significant at this depth. Divers who miss the tunnel sometimes continue descending hoping to find the tunnel farther down and become increasingly narced.
[Gozo](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gozo) is a small island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of the Southern European country of Malta; after the island of Malta itself, it is the second-largest island in the archipelago.
The Blue Hole of Gozo is not clearly as visible from the surface, the mouth to MaltaÕs Blue Hole starts at 7 m deep, and is the most popular dive site on the islands.
Located within the blue hole is a cave at 15 m below where shoals of tuna, groupers and barracuda are often found hovering by the large boulders and rocks. Divers can swim through a short tunnel, or chimney, to get to a different area within the hole which has great coral gardens and reefs teeming with marine life, which is quite amazing considering how fished out many parts of the Mediterranean are.
Extraterrestrial and UFO Files
[PSYCHIC READING WITH ELLIE](reading.html)
[BOOK: THE ALCHEMY OF TIME](sabook.html) | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/82 | {
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Belgrade – City of the Future in Southern Europe
After winning the City of the Future for South-East Central Europe, the Serbian capital has won the second round of this prestigious competition. The award was presented to the mayor of Belgrade Mr. Nenad Bogdanović.
Financial Times has organized European cities and regions of the future for 2006/07 and, after winning the second round, Belgrade was awarded the name City of the future in Southern Europe. The award was received by Mr. Nenad Bogdanović, the mayor of Belgrade. He was accompanied by Ms. Vesna Perić, deputy Director of the Serbia Investment and Export Promotion Agency (
[SIEPA](http://www.siepa.sr.gov.yu)). SIEPA, together with the USAID's project – SEDP has nominated Belgrade for this award. Our representatives were informed that the main competitor in this round was the Turkish city Manisa. The region of Southern Europe, where Belgrade is the City of the future, includes Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, Turkey and Mediterranean islands (Cyprus, Malta, Sicily, Crete, etc.).
The awards were also given to London (City of the Future in Northern Europe), Paris (City of the Future in Western Europe), Brno (City of the Future in Central Europe), and Baku (City of the Future in Eastern Europe). These five cities are competing for the final award of being named the European city of the future for 2006/07.
The competition for city and regions of the future is given on all continents and is organized by the specialized edition of the Financial Times for foreign and direct investments, FDI Magazine. The title carries a recommendation for the biggest future investment location, by the most recognized financial newspaper in the world. Categories and criteria by which the judges have made their decision are based on economic potential, cost effectiveness, human resources, IT and telecommunications, transport, quality of life and FDI promotion. The final winner of the "European city of the future for 2006/07" contest is London. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/86 | {
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Lebo Mathosa, who has died aged 29 in a road accident, was one of South Africa's most electrifying live performers, with a powerful voice and dance routines reminiscent of a young Tina Turner. With her peroxide-blonde hair, Mathosa epitomised the affluent, confident and media-savvy part of the generation that came of a post-apartheid age and inherited that nation's young democracy.
Her heroine - and a key figure in her career - was the singer Brenda Fassie (obituary May 11 2004), the "Madonna of the townships" who died in 2004. Like Fassie, Mathosa was a diva and a sex symbol. She was a singer of kwaito, a dance music that, just as Mathosa did, came from the cultural basement in the townships and cascaded into the mainstream. Derived from the Afrikaans word, kwaai - meaning angry - the music grew out of American house music in the early 1990s, with Mathosa and her peers adding their own version of rap, melodies, congas and basslines to give it an African feel.
Mathosa shot to fame in 1994 as a lead singer and dancer with Boom Shaka. With its swirl of irresistible dance beats and cheeky lyrics, the group caught the attentions of many young Africans in the mid-1990s, with Mathosa and other members of the group becoming icons to many in, and outside, South Africa.
Born to Nomvula Magdeline and Madimetsha Gerriet Mathosa in Daveyton, a small town just outside Johannesburg, the family later moved to Pietersburg and then Johannesburg, where Mathosa attended St Mary's high school. Mathosa started singing in her local church choir at the age of seven. But it was not until the family moved to Johannesburg that the teenage Mathosa discovered a music that was different from gospel hymns.
Mathosa was entranced by the disco-infused bubblegum music fronted by the likes of Fassie and Yvonne Chaka Chaka. Aged 14, her dance style attracted the attention of a key Johannesburg DJ, and Fassie also took the young singer under her wing, proclaiming that she would be the next Brenda Fassie
When the opportunity arose to join the new band, Boom Shaka - with the rappers Theo Nhlengethwa and Thembi Seete - Mathosa jumped at it. It was an instant success. Her dance routine and short skirts also caused controversy - and offended those who chose to be shocked by daring teenagers. Their first album It's About Time, was released in 1996 and three more followed, with a controversial final album in 1998 when they added dance beats into a version of the South African national anthem.
Boom Shaka became one of Africa's best known groups, but Mathosa decided to strike out on her own. She did something that was unheard of in South Africa's music scene by negotiating full publishing rights to her work. Her solo debut album, Dream, was released in mid-2000 but, despite winning three national music awards in 2001, the album was not a commercial success.
But that year too Mathosa performed in Trafalgar Square at an event to celebrate South Africa's establishment of multiracial democracy and at a South African edition of the North Sea Jazz Festival. Television and film roles soon materialised with acting and singing roles in the TV soap operas, Generations, Backstage and Muvhango, and the film Soldiers of The Rock (2003).
There had been a four-year hiatus between Dream and Drama Queen, her next album and there were rumours that she was dead. The new release saw Mathosa mixing styles, and some saw its title as an appropriate comment on a lifestyle of tantrums, fast cars, bisexuality and alcohol. Drama Queen was a number one South African hit and took her into the society pages of newspapers across the continent. Her status was confirmed with her appearance in the South African production of The Vagina Monologues in 2004.
With Fassie's death from a suspected drug-induced cardiac arrest, many saw Mathosa as the new Madonna of the Townships but Mathosa said she was going to avoid the excesses that marked her idol's life. "You learn from the negative and the positive aspects," she said.
In 2005 her third album, Lioness, was released; she sang for Nelson Mandela at his 85th birthday and was a star performer at MTV's launch of its first African music channel in Johannesburg. This year, she was nominated for a British Music of Black Origin (Mobo) best African act award. She was putting finishing touches to her fourth album at the time of her death.
Her father died last August. She is survived by her mother and a sister.
· Lebo Mathosa, singer, born July 17 1977; died October 23 2006 | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/90 | {
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West Indies are expected to announce the recall of Lendl Simmons for their ICC World Twenty20 2016 squad ahead of next Thursday's (March 31) semi-final against host India.
Lendl Simmons likely to replace Andre Fletcher ahead of WT20 semifinal
Sources in the West Indies camp and close Simmons have confirmed that the 31-year-old, who was initially replaced in the squad by Johnson Charles due to a back injury, will come is as either cover or a direct replacement (subject to ICC rules) for Andre Fletcher. Fletcher suffered a right hamstring injury while batting during the loss to Afghanistan.
Simmons's potential call-up will be a timely reinforcement for the Windies, who have missed his experience alongside Kieron Pollard and Darren Bravo. The team has tried to compensate for their absence by using Fletcher and Denesh Ramdin in middle order positions during the Super 10 stage.
The Trinidad & Tobago native will bring key local knowledge of the Wankhede Stadium being a Mumbai Indians player. Simmons played a key part in their 2015 Indian Premier League victory as their leading run scorer, with a tournament aggregate of 540 runs at an average of 45, which included six half centuries in 13 innings. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/91 | {
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For decades, Cecie Starr has been known as one of the best-selling biology textbook authors. Her texts, appreciated for their clarity in both the written word and the visual representation of biological concepts, include multiple editions of BIOLOGY: THE UNITY AND DIVERSITY OF LIFE, BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS, and BIOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW. Her original dream was to become an architect. Instead of building houses, she now builds, with care and attention to detail, texts based on this philosophy: "I invite students into a chapter through an intriguing story. Once inside, they get the great windows that biologists construct on the world of life. Biology is not just another house. It is a conceptual mansion. I hope to do it justice."
Christine Evers has been providing tools for biology education for more than 20 years. Before becoming a textbook author, she provided content for Genentech's Access Excellence website and developed digital course materials for a variety of publishers. She received her undergraduate education at SUNY Stony Brook and did graduate work at Yale University.
Lisa Starr has been creating incredible art for the Starr biology textbooks since 1997 and began authoring the books in 2004. She has a passion for all things science, and particularly enjoys parsing complex scientific concepts into written and visual content that engages nonscientists. She has an education in chemistry and biochemistry and an extensive background in molecular biology-based research in both academic and industrial settings. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/94 | {
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Shattering the cosmic distance record, once again
Yale astronomers have found the farthest known galaxy in the universe — again.
Less than a year after aiding in the measurement of a galaxy 13.1 billion light years into the past, Yale researchers led an international team that included the Space Telescope Science Institute and the University of California-Santa Cruz to measure a galaxy whose light took 13.4 billion light-years to reach Earth. The findings appear in an upcoming edition of the Astrophysical Journal.
Described by its discoverers as "surprisingly bright," the galaxy, named GN-z11, is located in the direction of the constellation of Ursa Major. Its measurement allows scientists to peer at light from a period just 400 million years after the big bang. The researchers made the measurement with NASA's Hubble Space Telescope.
"We've taken a major step back in time, beyond what we'd ever expected to be able to do with Hubble. We see the galaxy at a time when the universe was only 3% of its current age, very close to the end of the so-called Dark Ages of the universe," said Yale astronomer Pascal Oesch, the principal investigator.
Previously, astronomers had estimated GN-z11's distance by determining its color through imaging with Hubble and NASA's Spitzer Space Telescopes. Now, for the first time for a galaxy at such an extreme distance, the research team used Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 to precisely measure the distance to GN-z11 spectroscopically, by splitting the light into its component colors.
Astronomers measure large distances by determining the "redshift" of a galaxy — a phenomenon caused by the expansion of the universe. Every distant object in the universe appears to be receding from us because its light is stretched to longer, redder wavelengths: the greater the redshift, the farther the galaxy.
"To our great surprise Hubble measured a redshift of 11.1, much larger than the previous record of 8.7. It's an extraordinary accomplishment for the telescope, as it managed to beat all the much larger ground-based telescopes that held the previous distance records for years," said Pieter van Dokkum, the Sol Goldman Family Professor of Astronomy and chair of Yale's Department of Astronomy, who is a co-author of the findings.
The measurement builds on and uses the same techniques first developed by Yale astronomers as part of the successful 3D-HST survey, led by van Dokkum, who said the new distance record is likely to stand until the launch of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope in 2018.
The researchers said GN-z11 is 25 times smaller than the Milky Way in size and has just 1% of our galaxy's mass in stars. However, the newborn GN-z11 is growing fast, forming stars at a rate about 20 times faster than our galaxy does today. This makes the remote galaxy bright enough for Hubble to find and perform detailed observations.
Study co-author Garth Illingworth of the University of California-Santa Cruz said the results reveal clues about the nature of the early universe. "It's amazing that a galaxy so massive existed only 200 to 300 million years after the very first stars started to form," Illingworth said. "It takes really fast growth, producing stars at a huge rate, to have formed a galaxy that is a billion solar masses (one solar mass is equal to the mass of the Sun) so soon."
"The discovery of this unexpectedly bright galaxy at such a great distance challenges some of our current theoretical models for the build-up of galaxies," said van Dokkum. "Larger area datasets are now needed to measure how common such bright galaxies really are so early in the history of the universe."
Oesch said the findings provide a tantalizing preview of the observations that NASA's upcoming James Webb Space Telescope is expected to perform. "Hubble and Spitzer are already reaching into Webb territory," Oesch said.
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A warm welcome to the modified and updated website of the Centre for East Asian Studies. The East Asian region has been at the forefront of several path-breaking changes since 1970s beginning with the redefining the development architecture with its State-led development model besides emerging as a major region in the global politics and a key hub of the sophisticated technologies. The Centre is one of the thirteen Centres of the School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi that provides a holistic understanding of the region.
Initially, established as a Centre for Chinese and Japanese Studies, it subsequently grew to include Korean Studies as well. At present there are eight faculty members in the Centre. Several distinguished faculty who have now retired include the late Prof. Gargi Dutt, Prof. P.A.N. Murthy, Prof. G.P. Deshpande, Dr. Nranarayan Das, Prof. R.R. Krishnan and Prof. K.V. Kesavan. Besides, Dr. Madhu Bhalla served at the Centre in Chinese Studies Programme during 1994-2006. In addition, Ms. Kamlesh Jain and Dr. M. M. Kunju served the Centre as the Documentation Officers in Chinese and Japanese Studies respectively.
The academic curriculum covers both modern and contemporary facets of East Asia as each scholar specializes in an area of his/her interest in the region. The integrated course involves two semesters of classes at the M. Phil programme and a dissertation for the M. Phil and a thesis for Ph. D programme respectively. The central objective is to impart an interdisciplinary knowledge and understanding of history, foreign policy, government and politics, society and culture and political economy of the respective areas. Students can explore new and emerging themes such as East Asian regionalism, the evolving East Asian Community, the rise of China, resurgence of Japan and the prospects for reunification of the Korean peninsula. Additionally, the Centre lays great emphasis on the building of language skills. The background of scholars includes mostly from the social science disciplines; History, Political Science, Economics, Sociology, International Relations and language.
Several students of the centre have been recipients of prestigious research fellowships awarded by Japan Foundation, Mombusho (Ministry of Education, Government of Japan), Saburo Okita Memorial Fellowship, Nippon Foundation, Korea Foundation, Nehru Memorial Fellowship, and Fellowship from the Chinese and Taiwanese Governments. Besides, students from Japan receive fellowship from the Indian Council of Cultural Relations. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/98 | {
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Book review: Ritu Menon and Kamla Bhasin's 'Borders and Boundaries'
A feminist recounting of Partition explores the trauma and loss which women suffered.
By Ritu Menon and Kamla Bhasin
Kali For Women
Price: Rs 300
In this century of displaced persons, the Partition of India in 1947, which uprooted about 10 million people from their ancestral homes, still remains one of the greatest social upheavals.
Partition-related massacres and migrations represented a human tragedy of enormous proportions. Yet, historians have so far mainly focused on the causes of Partition and endlessly debated whether it was inevitable and who was responsible for it.
They have ignored the dislocation of human lives and the loss, trauma, pain and violence people suffered. In this communal holocaust, women became the most vulnerable and least protected victims. The brutality that accompanied the riots deliberately targeted women, for the wounds inflicted on them scarred entire communities.
But women were not always just the victims; there were women who were extraordinarily brave and strong and worked for the recovery of abducted women, running refugee camps and rehabilitating displaced women.
So far no feminist historiography of Partition has been written. Ritu Menon and Kamla Bhasin make women the focus of their inquiry.The book is based mainly on interviews, and women's stories are presented in their own words. These stories are interwoven with the available historical records, official and otherwise.
The stories selected reveal the varied ways in which women experienced Partition but, in the process, the book also examines the relation between women, their families, religious communities and the state. It takes a new look at the age-old borders and boundaries of nation, community, religion and gender and also at notions of honour, belonging and shame.
In 1947, millions of Hindus and Sikhs crossed over from west Punjab to east Punjab and Muslims in the reverse direction, on foot, in bullock carts, trucks and trains. Convoys were ambushed, families separated, children orphaned, women kidnapped and whole trainloads massacred.
Women occupied a special place in this enactment of violence. They were subjected to violence by men of the other community and also killed by their own kinsmen to protect individual and family honour.
Immediately after Partition, the governments of India and Pakistan were swamped with complaints from relatives seeking to recover "missing" women. While it may be true that many women, specially after two or three years, did not want to be dislocated a second time, the governments had to undertake the task.
The authors vividly describe the refugee camps and the tremendous task of rehabilitation. They find out what happened to widowed women, those whose husbands were missing or whose families could not be traced. The stories show the varying impact Partition had on women: some were shattered, while others "spread their wings".
The feminist reading of Partition illustrates how women's history can be written in an interesting way. Menon and Bhasin have been able to capture women's voices and the quality of their lives which traditional historians have ignored or dismissed. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/99 | {
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In Paul Thomas Anderson's searing spiritual drama
[The Master](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJ1O1vb9AUU), Joaquin Phoenix delivers the [performance of his career](/content/newsweek/2012/08/19/inside-the-master-paul-thomas-anderson-s-supposed-scientology-movie.html) as Freddie Quell, a volatile World War II veteran trying to readjust to civilian life after the horrors of battle. He's a shell-shocked dipsomaniac prone to fits of ultra-violence who falls under the sway of charismatic cult leader Lancaster Dodd (Oscar winner Philip Seymour Hoffman), functioning as the so-called Master's factotum and default enforcer-bodyguard. And in one scene, when Dodd, who leads a religious movement that writer-director [Anderson based](/content/dailybeast/articles/2012/07/19/is-the-master-based-on-scientology-and-l-ron-hubbard.html) on the Church of Scientology, is jailed, Freddie gets thrown into an adjoining cell where he is shown delivering the mother of all film freak-outs.
Still shackled, with his trousers in shreds and radiating off-kilter aggression, Phoenix immediately begins wilding out. He rams his head and back repeatedly into a bunk bed and kicks at the metal bars, sputtering and shaking and uttering F-bomb after F-bomb. Then he turns his wrath on the cell's toilet, hate-stomping it off of the wall in a frenzy of porcelain-smashing rage.
The actor reportedly studied online videos of animals in captivity to inform this out of control behavior but didn't set out to kill the commode. "I didn't intend to break the thing," Phoenix
[told The New York Times](http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/05/movies/joaquin-phoenix-bounces-back-in-the-master.html). "I didn't know that was possible."
With his vivid portrayal of a wild, unhinged basket case, Phoenix has managed a singular feat: remedying the public perception of himself as a wild, unhinged basket case after spending more than a year
[pretending to be a wild, unhinged basket case](/content/dailybeast/articles/2010/09/08/joaquin-phoenix-documentary-im-still-here-a-strange-trip.html) for his last movie I'm Still Here: The Lost Year of Joaquin. In The Master, the actor basically goes what the movie Tropic Thunder called " [full retard](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6WHBO_Qc-Q)" to resurrect his career.
Moviegoers are already showing an appetite for seeing Phoenix in full freak mode. As of Sunday, The Master had opened at just five locations but was on track to gross a stunning $750,000 with a per screen average of $146,000, which would make it the strongest limited release opening weekend debut ever logged. The movie will open in theaters across the country in the coming weeks. And on the strength of its showings at the Venice Film Festival and the Toronto International Film Festival, Phoenix is an early frontrunner for a Best Actor Oscar nod.
Such a scenario would have been inconceivable in the fevered months of 2008 and 2009 when the two-time Academy Award nominee appeared to unravel. Although he now calls his behavior during that period a practical joke, at the time Phoenix seemed hell-bent on dismantling his reputation in the film industry.
The drumbeat of his apparent insanity began in 2008, around press tour for his indie drama Two Lovers. "This will be my last performance as an actor," a disheveled-looking
[Phoenix said](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJHS1D87spQ) at a red carpet event for the movie. "I'm not doing films anymore."
By January of the following year, his efforts to distance himself from cinema grew more outlandish. Amateur video of Phoenix's career rebirth as a kind of impressionistic hip-hop star began to surface online. In one, he appears to
[tumble drunkenly](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TObNDFPUp4) off a stage post-performance, in another a wild-haired Phoenix is shown jumping into a crowd to [attack](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3GyM0ss-TY) a Miami heckler.
Casey Affleck, his brother-in-law, assiduously recorded Phoenix's train-wreck hip-hop odyssey for the documentary project that many in Hollywood had begun to suspect was a sustained, Andy Kaufman-esque prank. But Phoenix's February 2009 appearance on Late Night With David Letterman still managed to shock and confound cultural critics. Impassive behind wraparound sunglasses and looking bloated, the actor was unresponsive for much of the interview, all one-word answers and awkward pauses, before deciding to stick his gum on the talk show host's desk as the cameras rolled. "Joaquin, I'm sorry you couldn't be here tonight," Letterman joked as the segment ended.
In I'm Still Here, Phoenix snorts what appears to be cocaine off a hooker's boobs, smokes copious amounts of marijuana, and bellows an awful approximation of rap. Distributed by Magnolia Pictures in September 2010, the quasi-documentary grossed a pathetic $400,000 at the domestic box office. But more damningly, Phoenix's professional reputation took a hit and the job offers dried up in its wake. "For some time, people didn't know if [the gag] was continuing in some way. I would go in for meetings and they were not sure if I was [messing] with them or not," Phoenix
[told the Los Angeles Times](http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-joaquin-phoenix-20120909,0,5184139,full.story). "There was a noticeable drop in quality from things I had looked at before I'm Still Here. I thought, Wow, I've certainly limited myself in terms of the kind of work I can do. I can still get a job. But it's not the job I want to get."
Yet the year and a half spent making I'm Still Here directly informed Phoenix's critically hailed performance in The Master—a dramatic turn for which he stayed in character for the production's duration, lost a drastic amount of weight, and is depicted variously guzzling moonshine made of paint thinner, sexually fondling a sand castle, and lumbering across sets mysteriously clutching his kidneys.
On the promotional circuit, he
[has spoken about](http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/05/movies/joaquin-phoenix-bounces-back-in-the-master.html?_r=0) how appearing onstage, unsure of an audience's reaction to his "Joaquin Phoenix rap star" character, freed him to deliver the most physically unshackled performance of his career in Anderson's movie, going for "things that might seem absurd or stupid or don't make sense or are obviously, quote-unquote, out of character."
So is Phoenix finally ready to drop the basket-case act and play nice in Hollywood?
Notoriously aloof with the press, he dutifully assented to a number of interviews in support of The Master in Toronto and Venice, where he shared best actor honors with Hoffman. He also has a couple of new movies wrapped and waiting in the wings: Her, directed by Spike Jonze, in which Phoenix plays a writer in love with his computer's operating system; and Nightingale, a dark drama directed by James Gray (who previously directed Phoenix in Two Lovers, We Own the Night, and The Yards) that also stars Marion Cotillard and Jeremy Renner.
To hear him tell it, Phoenix is at peace with coming off like a wild, unhinged basket case for the past few years. "Part of why I was frustrated with acting was because I took it so seriously," he
[told Time magazine](http://entertainment.time.com/2012/09/13/the-masters-joaquin-phoenix-on-animal-inspirations-curb-your-enthusiasm-and-the-pleasures-of-discomfort/). "Once I became a total buffoon, it was so liberating." | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/107 | {
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People in the city were taken back into time when a play titled Gulab Bai based on the life of nautanki queen Gulab Bai was staged in city recently for two consecutive days.
The auditorium was jam packed and people occupied seats much before the play began. The play beautifully narrated the life of Gulab Bai fusing dance, dialogue, melodrama and music in the presentation.
We spotted film and theater actor Dr Anil Rastogi discussing the nuances of the play with the organisers. Veteran theater artist Surya Mohan Kulshreshtha and actor Saurabh Dubey were also present at the event.
Urmil Kumar Thapiliyal, the director of the play, seemed delighted with the response of the audience and interacted with them after the play. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/108 | {
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During last season's NCAA Tournament, Michigan then-freshman forward Mitch McGary was the talk of the nation as he averaged a double-double of 14.3 points and 10.8 rebounds during the men's basketball team's run to the national championship game.
On Thursday, though, at Michigan men's basketball media day, he was at the center of attention not for his on-court performance, but for his current battle to get back on the court.
Since late September, McGary has been sidelined day-to-day with a lower back injury, and while Michigan coach John Beilein didn't sound worried in the long-term sense about McGary, it remains unclear when he will get back on the court.
"He's making great progress," Beilein said. "We're (being) super cautious. He's been doing these underwater treadmill workouts that are really productive. … It's still day-to-day. One of these days, he's going to have to get out there and see what he can do. But we're very cautious."
When asked by reporters about a possible target date for McGary's return to practice, both Beilein and McGary lacked an answer.
"There's no target date or anything right now," McGary said. "Like I said, I'm day-to-day right now. (But I'm) feeling really good about my body and whatnot."
Besides McGary, no other Wolverines are currently injured. However, Beilein did say a similarly cautious approach was taken with freshman guard Derrick Walton Jr., who injured his foot in recent weeks.
"Derrick is 100 percent, or at least he has been in practice," Beilein said. "He missed about four or five days just when we made sure his foot was fine."
STRETCHING THE FLOOR: As recently as two years ago, Michigan was using a four-guard lineup for the majority of its games. Packaged with fifth-year senior Jordan Morgan, the Wolverine lineup was incredibly small.
That won't be the issue this year.
Currently, Michigan houses 10 players that stand at least 6-foot-6. With such height, Beilein envisions a plethora of possible lineups.
At the moment, Beilein admits the team is not as versatile as it can be, but after McGary recovers from his lower back issue, he will be spoiled for choices.
"With Mitch not being in there right now, we're not as versatile as we would like to be," Beilein said. "We want to have people playing a lot of different positions. … When Mitch is healthy, we're fairly versatile where we can play a bunch of multi-position players and just let it roll."
With sophomore guards Nik Stauskas and Caris LeVert each standing at 6-foot-6, the range of their play could come in a variety of ways.
With one weighing over 200 pounds – Stauskas, and one under – LeVert, Beilein sees the duo playing a "lot of positions."
"I think Nik and Caris can both really play a big guard," Beilein said. "Both are two-position players. Caris can probably play guard and Nik can play what he played (last season) and play the off-guard."
Speaking further on the concept of LeVert playing point guard, Beilein went as far as to say that Michigan "could go out there with a 6-6, 6-6, 6-6, 6-6 and a big guy" with the four 6-foot-6 players being LeVert, Stauskas, sophomore forward Glen Robinson III and freshman Zak Irvin.
INTANGIBLES: When asked in his press conference what was the biggest challenge that Michigan will face this year, Beilein was quick to answer.
"I think the biggest (challenge) is replacing the intangibles we had off those five seniors that left this team and won a lot of games in their time," Beilein said. "There were things going on in the locker room, in the practice and in the weight room (and) meals that you (can) hardly replace."
Senior leadership won't be the only thing that the Wolverines will have to replace this season. Another thing will be the production of former Wolverines Trey Burke and Tim Hardaway Jr. With his two biggest scoring threats and late-game options no longer present, Beilein is already questioning who exactly will fill their spaces, especially with the game on the line.
"At the end of shot clocks, at the end of games, if we were drawing up things, it was going to them," Beilein said. "Who are you drawing up things for the end of the game? Those are the things we're working through right now." | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/109 | {
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This was published 5 years ago
Barefoot billionaire: Sridhar Vembu built a tech giant you've never heard of
Sridhar Vembu would rather not have to wear his sandals with his t-shirt and jeans, he much prefers bare feet.
"I live fairly simply, I hate wearing shoes. If I can avoid it, I do," he says.
But Vembu's unassuming demeanour belies his personal wealth and extraordinary success in building a tech giant you've probably never heard of.
Vembu describes Zoho, the company he started 23 years ago, as "an unusual company".
"It's not what you would typically see and it is going to stay that way," he says.
[Zoho digitises businesses](/link/follow-20170101-p51ckt) with apps that handle tasks ranging from customer acquisition and management to sales and customer support and has 45 million users across 180 countries.
However, unless your business is one of the "tens of thousands" using Zoho in Australia it's unlikely you've ever heard of the tech giant.
On the sidelines of Zoho's annual 'Zoholics' conference in Austin, Texas, Vembu is dressed in his standard t-shirt branded with a Zoho logo, jeans and sandals.
Despite his low-key appearance Vembu owns 88 per cent of Zoho along with his family, and Forbes estimates his fortune at $US1.6 billion ($2.23 billion) and growing, with Zoho's turnover estimated at almost $1 billion a year.
Vembu says Zoho flies under the radar because it is outspent on marketing "20 to 1" by its competitors which include Salesforce, Microsoft and Google.
Despite counting Qantas and BHP as its customers in Australia, the tech company is only just opening its first offices here.
Avoiding venture capital and staying private
The 50-year-old entrepreneur has boot-strapped Zoho for its entire existence with no external funding and no plans to sell or list the company.
"From the profits, we keep reinvesting, reinvesting," he says. "It also helps that from the beginning, from the earliest days it was never about how much you have in your bank account, it was what interesting things can you do with it. Startups are supposed to aim towards exit. You do something because you love it, if you do something because you love it why exit?".
It's a radical approach in a sector that chases venture capital funding, initial public offerings and "unicorn" valuations.
In 2015 Zoho put up ads in train stations around San Francisco targeting industry giant Salesforce, which was not profitable at that stage saying "Dear Salesforce, sorry for your losses."
"These companies are post-IPO but operating like a non-profits," Vembu says. "Not in a good way, they are burning money. It is a problem because it distorts markets. If you look at the cloud, extreme amounts of money is spent on customer marketing and a much lesser percentage goes into research and development."
Vembu believes technology stocks are currently in a bubble and warns that history shows bubbles always burst.
"The present bubble will come to the same end, so we need to build durable companies that can navigate these cycles," he says. "There was a time when business was too easy. We have built this company to survive these bubbles. This is what taught us to engineer patiently, because if we rush and we take shortcuts we pay for it and the customer pays for it."
Starting at the bottom
Vembu was born in the small village of Thanjavur in southern India and got his PhD at Princeton before being offered a job as a lecturer at Australian National University in Canberra.
"I got the job and paid for the permanent residency, then I had the remorse and I thought 'I actually don't like what I am doing, I don't like this work and research, I don't believe in it anymore'," he says. "I was 26 and I called them up and apologised and said 'I can't do this in good conscience, it is not about you it's about me'."
Vembu says he decided to "start at the bottom" as an engineer where he was introduced to software and realised he liked it.
He saw opportunities for a software business in India and started a business, AdventNet, along with two siblings and three friends, which eventually became Zoho.
Zoho has more than 40 apps for its Zoho One product alone and Vembu says the firm's wide-ranging product suite, which includes everything from online games to accounting software, is a result of letting his staff run with their ideas.
"My philosophy of leadership is I identify good people and then get out of their way," he says.
Christopher Lau, founder of ASX listed company eCargo, which is a Zoho customer, says Vembu is a "classic example" of an entrepreneur.
"He certainly epitomises all successful entrepreneurs, trying to do everything at once," he says. "It's like Jack Mah [founder of Alibaba], every day there is a new business idea, every day a new business initiative, his hit rate is very low but when he hits, he hits."
Sramana Mitra, founder of One Million by One Million, a Silicon Valley virtual accelerator says Vembu has followed a number of unique strategies to build Zoho.
These include creating a product that is very similar to Salesforce's customer relationship management product but dramatically slashing the pricing on it, making it affordable and attractive for small businesses.
"Over time, Zoho has applied the same model of copying successful products by Google, Microsoft, etc to create a broad portfolio that caters to small businesses very effectively," she says.
Vembu says his vision for Zoho is that it will be the software that drives all functions for businesses from sales to finance with competitive pricing from $1 per employee a day.
"To build this kind of company you almost have to be crazy or insanely ambitious," he says.
The reporter attended Zoholics in Austin as a guest of Zoho.
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Software and CRM company Zoho Corp's co-founder and CEO Sridhar Vembu found himself in the middle of a Twitter storm after he tweeted about his attending a software event called Resurgent Bharath being organised by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in Chennai on 2 February.
The event also listed Rama S Ramachandran, Accenture's MD and Head of Operations Chennai as its guest of honour and Vembu was to be the chief guest. The event was to be attended by software professionals.
After the event invite went viral, a flurry of tweets questioned why these software professionals were part of this event. Popular sentiment is not in favour of the government at the moment because of the ongoing protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act and the recent attacks at Jawaharlal Nehru University and Jamia Milia Islamia. The right-wing RSS is seen as the backbone of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party.
Ramachandran tweeted later that he had nothing to do with the event.
However, Vembu's reply on Twitter created a bigger controversy drawing criticism from Twitter users.
Vembu replied: "I don't decide my views based on Twitter attacks. If you dislike which events I attend, please do what your conscience dictates and I will do what mine dictates. We earn our daily bread due to our work and we will continue to do quality work. I won't be responding to attacks."
In response to Vembu's stand, several Twitter users called for a boycott of Zoho and its products, with the hashtag #boycottzoho trending. Zoho does a lot of business with the middle-east countries as well.
Users claiming to be loyal customers of Zoho tweeted looking to switch brands in response to Vembu's stand.
However, Vembu's tweet also found support for taking a stand on the issue.
While Ramachandran distanced himself and Accenture from being drawn into the controversy, Vembu's stand has clearly split the IT fraternity in two – those who support his stand and those who don't.
(At The Quint, we are answerable only to our audience. Play an active role in shaping our journalism by
[becoming a membe](https://www.thequint.com/plan-selection?utm_source=global_cta) [r](https://www.thequint.com/plan-selection?utm=global_cta). Because the truth is worth it.) | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/112 | {
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Blushing is a common problem that can be embarrassing and affect your day to day life. There are things you can do to help stop it.
How to help stop yourself blushing
try to relax and do
[breathing exercises](/conditions/stress-anxiety-depression/ways-relieve-stress/)to help reduce stress and anxiety
keep cool by removing a layer of clothing and drinking water
wear make-up that reduces the redness of your skin in stressful situations like an interview or when giving a presentation
do not eat spicy foods or drink alcohol or hot drinks if they make you blush
Common causes of blushing
Lots of different things can cause blushing. It's often caused by feeling embarrassed, hot or anxious.
Sometimes other symptoms you have might give you an idea of what's causing it.
|A red face most of the time, small blood vessels can be seen under your skin, spots||
|[Menopause](/conditions/menopause/) [Excessive sweating](/conditions/excessive-sweating-hyperhidrosis/) [Overactive thyroid](/conditions/overactive-thyroid-hyperthyroidism/)
Some medicines can also cause blushing. Check the side effects of any medicine you're taking to see if blushing or flushing is listed.
Non-urgent advice: See a GP if:
- your blushing is affecting your everyday life
- you think your blushing might be caused by a medical condition or a medicine you're taking
Treatments from a GP
Treatment for blushing will depend on the cause.
For example, your GP may suggest:
- a talking therapy like
[cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)](/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/talking-therapies-and-counselling/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt/)if your blushing is caused by stress or anxiety
- medicines to help reduce anxiety, stop blushing or treat an underlying condition
Very rarely, surgery may be an option if blushing is severe and other treatments have not helped. But this can cause serious and long-lasting side effects.
Page last reviewed: 11 February 2022
Next review due: 11 February 2025 | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/113 | {
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Shaun Maloney: Wigan winger joins MLS side Chicago Fire
Shaun Maloney has left Championship strugglers Wigan for MLS side Chicago Fire for an undisclosed fee.
The 32-year-old Scotland international midfielder's three-and-a-half-year spell at the Latics included an FA Cup triumph, and saw him score 15 times in 91 appearances in all competitions.
"Sometimes you have to recognise that a move is for the benefit of all parties,"
[said Wigan boss Malky Mackay., external](http://www.wiganlatics.co.uk/news/article/shaun-maloney-wigan-athletic-chicago-fire-mls-usa-2222567.aspx)
"Shaun is near the end of his contract and we had to make a decision."
Maloney, who has 37 Scotland caps, joined Wigan from Celtic in August 2011 and won the FA Cup in 2013 with the club,
[beating Manchester City in the final](http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22409634) before being relegated from the Premier League in the same season.
A proposed move to Premier League Leicester
[collapsed this month](http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30848817) after the clubs had agreed a fee for the winger, out of contract in the summer.
"I think it is an opportunity of a lifetime" said Maloney. "I met with the manager early in January and on a personal level I got on very well with him.
"I am very motivated and happy to be here. I have seen the results of last season but I think the team is very different this year with a lot of new signings. My new team-mates have been brilliant with me and I hope to bring a lot to the team."
Chicago Fire head coach Frank Yallop called Maloney a "hard-working, attack-minded player".
"His style of play fits in exactly with what we're trying to do at the Fire,"
[he said., external](http://m.chicago-fire.com/news/2015/01/chicago-fire-sign-shaun-maloney-designated-player) "We're very happy to have signed someone of his calibre." | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/116 | {
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Tottenham Hotspur have completed the £3.5 million signing of Freddie Kanoute, West Ham's French striker. after putting the player through several days of rigorous tests on the groin injury which kept him out for four months last season.
Kanoute, who will be unveiled at a press conference today, is the third striker to be signed by Glenn Hoddle this summer following the recruitment of Portugal's Helder Postiga for £6.25 million
[and Brighton's Bobby Zamora for £1.5 million](/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2003/07/18/sfntot18.xml).
Hoddle's spending is likely to continue as the Spurs manager scours the market for additions to his midfield and defensive options. "It is worrying with the season just a couple of weeks away but we've just got to get on with it and I'm still looking around," he said.
Hoddle was delighted that Kanoute, who made only 12 starts for relegated West Ham last season, scoring five goals, survived the strenuous medical. "Freddie will balance off nicely with the other strikers we have brought to the club," enthused the Spurs manager.
Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger has completed another cut-price deal in his native France by recruiting highly rated teenage defender Gael Clichy from relegated Cannes for £250,000.
Chelsea are set to complete the £250,000 acquisition of Nigel Martyn, the Leeds United goalkeeper, in time to make the former England international eligible for the club's third qualifying round ties in the Champions' League.
The UEFA deadline is lunchtime on Thursday and Martyn will complete the move in time to act as cover to first choice Carlo Cudicini, following the serious injury sustained by another new goalkeeper, Jurgen Macho.
Neil McCann, the Scottish winger, is poised to join Southampton from Rangers for £1.5 million. Newly promoted Leicester City are close to signing Blackburn full-back John Curtis, who will become Micky Adams's 11th summer recruit if he passes a medical.
The latest initiative to integrate Rangers and Celtic into the FA Premier League looked doomed to fail last night after leading administrators on both sides of the border expressed strong opposition to the proposal.
Leading the campaign to parachute the Old Firm into the Premiership is Celtic's major shareholder Dermot Desmond, who is threatening to challenge what he considers to be an illegal cartel governing television rights in Britain if his plan fails.
He may have to carry out that legal threat after officials in England and Scotland indicated that the idea would not get off the ground.
David Taylor, chief executive of the Scottish Premier League, suggested any such transfer of their two biggest clubs would cause chaos before concluding: "All this is hypothetical because Celtic have not been invited to join the league in England - and this is not likely to happen."
David Davies, the Football Association's director of football affairs, was dismissive of the idea. "If you took it to extremes you could import teams from all over Europe and get into a situation where Barcelona were representing England in the Champions League," he said.
Davies also voiced his concern over the international future of the home nations. Any cross-border conflict within the British domestic leagues would, he maintains, fuel any FIFA desire to make all four countries play as one team under the British flag.
Watford have urged their former manager, Gianluca Vialli, to drop a High Court action against them following his dismissal more than a year ago.
Graham Simpson, the Watford chairman, said: "I don't think we are a million miles away from Gianluca and hopefully we can talk. I don't think anybody wins from it going to the High Court - apart from the lawyers." | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/117 | {
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Darren Fletcher joins West Brom from Manchester United
West Brom have signed Scotland midfielder Darren Fletcher on a free transfer from Manchester United.
The 31-year-old has signed a two-and-a-half-year contract at The Hawthorns with a 12-month option.
West Ham were also interested in signing Fletcher, but a
[move to Upton Park broke down](http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31059349) last weekend.
Albion failed in deadline day moves to sign West Ham striker Carlton Cole and Norwich defender Martin Olsson, but kept Brown Ideye and Graham Dorrans.
Fletcher made 342 appearances for United but started only five times for the club after Louis van Gaal took over as manager in the summer.
The Scot, who
[recovered from chronic bowel disease ulcerative colitis](http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/26060048) to resume his career in December 2013, had been at Old Trafford since he was a schoolboy and helped the Red Devils win the Premier League title five times.
Former Manchester United defender Phil Neville:
"Darren Fletcher has missed so much football for Manchester United because of his illness, he wants to just play football now. He will give great experience and leadership to West Brom."
But with his contract set to expire in the summer he was
[granted a free transfer](http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30952893) to help him find a new club in this transfer window.
"This is a fantastic new challenge for me in my career," Fletcher told West Brom's website.
"I've spent my career at Manchester United and it's all I've ever known. But I felt it was the right time to move and I'm not sentimental about doing that."
Fletcher is the second player signed by West Brom head coach Tony Pulis following the
[£4.75m capture of winger Callum McManaman](http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31011549) from Wigan.
The Scotland captain will wear the number 24 shirt for the Baggies.
Albion had hoped to sign Cole and Olsson on a busy deadline day, with Dorrans set to join Norwich and Ideye linked with a move to Qatari club Al Gharafa.
But Cole was called back to West Ham when they did not sign Tottenham's Emmanuel Adebayor, and Olsson failed to arrive for a medical on time.
Chairman Jeremy Peace said: "We did not get all the business done that we might have but we are thrilled to bring in a player and a character of Darren's calibre.
""We were disappointed for Carlton because he was also excited about joining us but for reasons which were beyond our control we could not complete the deal. The same can be said for the proposal involving Martin Olsson and Graham.
"But we have always maintained that January is a difficult time to do business and we are very happy with the deals we have done." | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/120 | {
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ASEAN nations to 'launch joint bid' to host 2034 FIFA World Cup
Experts say the 10 ASEAN nations – home to more than 640 million people – have yet to work out the details.
Southeast Asian countries will jointly bid to host the
[football](/topics/subjects/football.html) World Cup in 2034, Thai Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha has said. [Asia](/topics/regions/asia.html) has held the quadrennial showpiece of international football only once when Japan and South Korea were joint hosts in 2002 and [Qatar](/topics/country/Qatar.html) will bring it back to the continent in 2022.
Keep readinglist of 4 items
[Hosts Germany reach quarterfinals at Euro 2024, defeat Denmark 2-0](/sports/liveblog/2024/6/29/live-germany-vs-denmark-uefa-euro-2024-round-of-16?traffic_source=KeepReading) [Ronaldo, Mbappe headline key round-of-16 knockout matches at Euro 2024](/sports/2024/6/28/euro-2024-round-of-16-ronaldo-mbappe-kroos-best-head-to-head-matches?traffic_source=KeepReading) [Euro 2024: Who's in, who's out – all you need to know about the round of 16](/sports/2024/6/27/euro-2024-round-of-16-teams-format-schedule-dates-venues-knockout-football?traffic_source=KeepReading)
"The leaders have support of the region to host the FIFA World Cup in 2034, if possible," Prayuth said on Sunday in a concluding news conference of this year's first summit for the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
"I would like to invite the people of ASEAN to support the soccer associations in their countries in order to realise this dream," he said.
[Malaysia](/topics/country/Malaysia.html), a key member of the bloc, welcomed the move.
"We felt that alone [single nation bids], we will never have the chance to host the World Cup. Maybe [with] all ASEAN together, we will be able to hold the World Cup," Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad was quoted as saying by the Star Online website.
The ASEAN countries are the Philippines, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and Brunei.
The region is home to more than 640 million people, many of whom follow football avidly even if their national teams are relative minnows with none having ever qualified for the World Cup finals.
The idea of ASEAN hosting the World Cup was first mooted at the beginning of the decade and advocates say the move could help raise the region's profile and integration.
However, experts said more needs to be done to iron out the details of how the 10 countries should proceed with the bid, including the possibility of fielding one regional team consisting of the best players from the region.
"Hosting the World Cup would raise ASEAN's global standing, and the first time a regional intergovernmental bloc would host a sporting event of such significance," Fuadi Pitsuwan, a public policy scholar at Chiang Mai University and a long-term advocate of the initiative told Reuters.
The ASEAN bid would also be competing with
[China](/topics/country/China.html) which is widely seen as the frontrunner to host the next tournament in Asia.
"There is something to gain from the process of bidding itself, so winning the bid is secondary, the point is to bid and rally ASEAN regionalism to create a sense of community," he said.
"Friendly competition with China in this realm is great for unity, much better than political and social tensions."
The 2002 edition is the only World Cup to have been hosted by more than one nation but the United States, Canada and Mexico will jointly stage the 2026 tournament.
[Thailand](/topics/country/Thailand.html) have expressed interest in cohosting the Under-20 World Cup in 2021, football's global governing body [FIFA](/topics/organisations/fifa.html) said last month, with Indonesia among the countries who are considering an individual bid for the tournament. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/121 | {
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Bollywood newbie, Ananya Panday, who is currently tied up with the shoot of 'Pati Patni Aur Woh', is known to put up hilarious captions with her stunning photos on social media. Today, the beauty was at again when she posted one more stunning click online.
Sharing a photo of herself holding a flower and looking radiant in a white top with her hair tied loose. "My shaadi.com profile picture #JustKidding," she captioned the photo.
The new kid on the block has begun work on her second film as she awaits the release of her debut film 'Student Of The Year 2', co-starring Tiger Shroff. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/122 | {
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Hola, buena tarde y recepción says the Babel Fish David Frost: So
[Barcelona](https://www.theguardian.com/football/barcelona) need a point to win their third La Liga title in succession, a remarkable record for Pep Guardiola's three seasons as manager of his beloved club. Guardiola, though, is not taking anything for granted. "We need to be well prepared mentally because you have to win points, they don't give them away," he said yesterday. Even so, if Barça win their remaining three games, they will register 100 points, and they need nine goals to also hit 100 for the season and not many would bet against them reaching those landmarks. The main talking point in the Barcelona team news is the return of Eric Abidal to the starting XI after having surgery to remove a tumour from his liver. I am afraid I have yet to come up with a Levante team and may have to crib it off Sky, unless anyone can help over the next six minutes.
Barcelona team: Valdés, Alves, Piqué, Mascherano, Abidal; Busquets, Xavi, Keita; Afellay, Messi, Villa.
Substitutes: Pinto, Jeffren, Pedro, Iniesta, Bartra, Thiago, Fontàs
Levante team: Munua; Javi Venta, Nano, Ballesteros, Juanfran; Pallardó, Xavi Torres, Iborra; Valdo, Xisco Nadal; Caicedo. Thanks to my colleague Evan Fanning for that.
Can I put you on hold? "And reception desk to you, too!" writes Peter McDonald. "Ah the dangers of web translators! Buenas tardes y bienvenidos would have been much nicer! Even if that's only Castilian and wouldn't go down too well among the Catalan speakers of Barça. Thank you for trying, though." Not the best start. Sorry.
1 min: Barcelona playing right to left in their minty change strip that always brings back memories of Hristo Stoichkov and the four on the trot Dream Team.
2 min: Lovely swerve from Messi just outside the D of the penalty area and he scoops a pass out to Afellay on the left. The ball skips away from him and he falls trying to control it as it shoots away from him, losing momentum. He recovers to get his cross in but Ballesteros clears.
4 min: Barcelona sweep the ball from right to left with Dani Alves finding Xavi who feeds Messi who has dropped short. he opens up his body to clip a left-foot pass to the overlapping Abidal but again Ballesteros cuts out the cross.
6 min: Abidal and Keita are linking up well up this left wing and though Levante are keeping their shape with five in midfield to try to cut out the outlets when Pique and Mascherano stroll out from the back, you'd think this left wing is going to be a vulnerable point for the home side.
8 min: Luis Garcia apparently told his players to attack Barcelona but they haven't seen much ball yet. Their first set-piece is easily batted away.
10 min: Must be a rough pitch because Valdes is wearing tracky bottoms. Busquets and Xavi begin what Dean Martin would have called the tarantella, dancing around, shifting the ball between them and moving forward.
12 min: Levante work a difficult chance, starting on the right with Caicedo's cross but the ball is slightly behind Valdo. He gets there first but actually makes a clearance as he can't twist his head to nod it forwards as he body flies backwards.
14 min: Dani Alves makes progress up the right after a fine pass from, I think, Xavi. He beats the first defender, prodding it past him then accelerating away but Nano stops him.
16 min: Messi again uses Abidal as his outlet, cghipping the ball over Pallardo but the Frenchman's cross finds Ballesteros who has had a happy knack and the great anticipation to be in the perfect position three times out of three. The crosses could have been better, though.
18 min: Good work from Caicedo gambolling up the right, getting past Piqué with a couple of stepovers and he drags his centre back to the edge of the box but the shot is a weak bobbler that Valdes easily snaffles.
20 min: Levante are defending well at the moment, pressing and hounding the man in possession. Their shape has to hold if they are going to get something out of this game. But they are still managing to break and when Keita heads out a cross Xavi Torres unleashes a shot that loops wide.
22 min: Villa is caught offside for the second time when the ball is lobbed over the Levante back four. They say he's out of sorts but his movement has been excellent even if his timing is off by the tiniest of margins.
24 min: Does anyone know more about Sergio Ballesteros apart from the Wikipedia guff? He looks a commanding presence at the back for Levante.
26 min: Villa shifts wide and Messi finds him but his cross is blocked. When it comes back out Messi stops mid run and a defender falls to the floor as he tries to match his imminent change of direction. He's then fouled to the left of the box. The free-kick curls in but Pique, who may have been held, can't get there.
GOAL!! Levante 0-1 Barcelona (Keita) What a fine header from Xavi's cross. It's a remarkable goal in that it's a diagonal ball over the top from a fairly central position and Keita stormed through the middle, connected two yards inside the box and he buried his header from 16 yards.
29 min: Xavi's vision to pick out Keita's run through the pack was sensational. Levante look game enough, however, and Abidal has to leap and knock Caicedo over as the Man City player tried to get his head on it. That may have been a penalty.
32 min: "It may be just some weird perspective, or a trick of the shirt's fit, but Levante looks like they've got some Atlas-like broad shouldered fellows (Caicedo obviously, but others as well)," notes Aaron Woolsey. "Some of these fellows wouldn't look too out of place on a rugby pitch. Perhaps Julio Baptista (see Sid Lowe's recent offering in the Guardian) is not the only bull in a china shop in Spain." On a tangential note I was at QPR v Leeds on Saturday and Neil Warnock threw Danny Shittu on up front for the last 20 minutes. That was a man who looked like David Banner seconds after the Hulk emerged, bursting out of his hoops.
35 min: Messi's quick feet bamboozle another defender and Gives it to Busquets almost with a wall pass off the shins of his opponent. Busquets tries to knock it over the top into the area but fails and when it comes back the referee penalises him for challenging with a raised foot that didn't look that raised.
37 min: Thanks to Derek Hatton for this gem: "Ballesteros is a stalwart centre-half. He was involved in a bust up with Mourinho, some stories even had him grabbing the Special One by the neck. Here's a Google Translate of the AS.com report from the time:
Levante central defender Sergio Ballesteros and Mourinho, coach of Real Madrid, they confronted in the tunnel of the City of Valencia in the rest of the eighth leg of Copa lift the team won 2-0 to take revenge moral after the drubbing (8-0) in the first leg at the Bernabeu.
That game left controversial because some players like Ballesteros himself, complained of the attitude of the players of Real Madrid in the celebration of one of the goals. With a score to settle, Ballesteros faced the coach of Real Madrid, unhappy that Pepe began to warm up in the first half.
The centre half, who was not in the squad, watched the game in the box and break down the dressing rooms to attend the technical talk of Luis Garcia, coach granota. There he met with Mourinho and went to him with cries of "respect, respect." Rumor has it that they had reached the hands but the coach himself has denied immediately and assured that the change of Pepe Carvalho for the second part was not disrespectful but part of a plan of minutes and was determined for several day
39 min: Who are the best passers in history? Xavi must be up there, with another superb crossfield ball straight to Villa's feet from 30 yards away. Villa plays in Messi who gives it back to him after sticking his backside into Nano and spinning away. Villa then curls a low shot wide.
GOAL!! Levante 1-1 Barcelona (Caicedo) Long ball up the middle which Piqué lets bounce and Caicedo whips around his side to steal in front of him. As Valdes was out of position, anticipating that Pique would nod it back to him, Caicedo hooked the ball past the keeper from the right edge of the six-yard box.
43 min: Ballesteros brings down Messi by flicking his leg up just as Larry Grayson used to do when saying "shut that door". Barça have a free-kick about 25 yards out to the right of centre. Messi takes it with his left foot and curls it a couple of feet wide of Munua's left post.
45 min: Caicedo had another half chance after another odd mix up by Pique but he slips as he pirouettes to shoot by the penalty spot and ends up scuffing it while he's on the floor.
That's half time: I'll be back in 10 minutes. Greatest passers of the ball I've seen would include Michel Platini, Johnny Giles, Fernando Redondo, Ronnie Koeman, Glenn Hoddle as well as Pelé, Cruyff and Maradona but I've only seen the latter two of those three in the flesh.
46 min: They kicked off early, catching Sky napping with the adverts.
48 min: Xavi Torres fouls Mascherano as he challenges him 10 yards outside the Barça box and the visitors have a free kick which they tap about between themselves, probing for an opening up the flanks.
49 min: Barcelona build from the back again, Alves to Pique and back again and they shift the ball out to the left but Nano blocks the cross.
50 min: Alves cuts in from the right, playing almost as an inside forward at times and is inches from pulling off a one-two with Messi on the edge of the box but his last pass is too forceful and Levante clear again.
52 min: Afellay threads a pass down that inside right channel for Dani Alves to burst on to. he claims Xavi Torres fouls him but they were both culpable and the referee gets it right by giving a corner. Afellay gets the ball from the corner, drifts in from the right and shoots with his left foot, powerfully but wide.
54 min: A muted atmosphere in the first half gives way to some intensive drumming and the Barça anthem ringing out for the past five minutes.
56 min: Juanfran advances up the left and uses his experience to win a corner by smashing the ball into Busquets' legs. Abidal heads it away but Afellay loses the ball and it skips back through to Valdes.
58 min: Mascherano tries to emulate Xavi with a long pass up the left but without the maestro's accuracy. Gerry Armstrong has said the word on Las Ramblas is that Philip Cocu is going to replace Luis Enrique as coach of Barça B. Two of my favourite ever players those two. Messi hits the post after jigging and jinking past three defenders with his immaculate control, the ball on the tip of his toe.
60 min: Abidal's rustiness betrays him as he's forced to concede a corner but levante make nothing of it and Barça begin again. That patience is so admirable. Ben Dunn names his candidates: "The best passers I have seen: Molby, Scholes, Platini, Wilkins, and Gascoigne. Razor Rudduck was a fine long range passer, too." He was, such good feet for a big man and other assorted MOTDisms. JM Roberts sends this tribute to
[Michael Laudrup](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=). Sublime. Thanks.
62 min: Abidal off for Barça. Fontas on I think. I was rather sidetracked by watching Laudrup's magic.
64 min: Levante are playing well, Caicedo, particularly, full of strong running but just as I was about to type his praises, he takes a tumble in the box after Fontas laid his palm gingerly on his back.
66 min: Piqué is booked for holding back Caicedo by the shirt. It's been an uncomfortable night so far for Pique. He's still passing very well but he looks a little rattled by Caicedo's strength and slipperiness.
68 min: Excellent run from Afellay is brought to a halt by Iborra's feet-first lunge. Barça have a free kick on the right of the box that Messi and Xavi wait to take as the wall is lined up. Messi shoots and curls it four feet over the bar.
70 min: "Luis Enrique was always my first signing on Championship Manager circa 1997, also one of my favourite players in real life," writes Brad McMillan. "He was always followed by Ibrahima Bakayoko, who wasn't one of my favourites in real life." He was so versatile on CM, wasn't he. Stick him anywhere and he was brilliant. Bjarne Goldbaek was the cut-price version.
72 min: Drum roll, please, for Robin Hazlehurst: "Best passer I've ever seen was that bloke who appeared on Mastermind and didn't know any of the answers." Back to the match and Messi goes on a mazy run, starting on the left and beats Ballesteros by dropping his shoulder then pushing the ball ahead of him. He beats Nano too and his shot may have crept in at the near post but for a slight defelection.
74 min: That hankie in Pep's breast pocket has a razor crease, it's such a mod look. Caicedo off for Levante, Stuani on. Caicedo has run himslef into the ground. "Seems rather odd now that in Football Manager 2005, I think, Leo Messi would be let go by Barcelona at some point in the game," writes Olivier Tremblay. "Because, you know, he pretty much had the attributes of a Darron Gibson."
77 min: They used to have scouts, Eidos, I think who rated the players for them. I wonder if he had his contract renewed after the Messi misappraisal.
79 min: A point will do for Barça, of course, and they are still passing away with such belief in their methods. Options from the bench are limited, I suppose, even if they were of the mentality to change things tactically. Messi and Villa link up on the left and the olés are ringing out as they play keepball in the middle third, the deadzone as a Charlie Hughes disciple of a coach I knew used to call it, wrongly, obviously.
81 min: Levante substitution Pallardo off, Larrea on. And Pedro is warming up for Barça.
83 min: Gerry Armstrong is saying that David Villa has disappointed again. Would they consider leaving him out at Wembley? Guardiola thinks he's still contributing despite the recent goal drough, but he must be knacked after the World Cup and 50 plus games this season.
85 min: "Maybe that Eidos scout got unlucky and was watching a pre-season Barca friendly away at Stoke," says Brad McMillan. Was it possibly raining that night as well, do you think? That would explain everything.
86 min: Pedro comes on for David Villa.
87 min: "You can't help but like him," says Gerry Armstrong about Messi who is caught on camera spraying the kit man with a water bottle while handing it back to him.
89 min: "Championes" rings out now. And Barça seem to have settled for a point and tap it about in their own third. And why wouldn't they. Jeffren is coming on for Barcelona.
90 min: Messi's deep in his own half on the right. The Barça subs are jumping up and down. Seconds to go and Jeffren will not have time to come on. That's it. The whistle goes and Barcelona are champions for the 21st time.
Barcelona are champions: The players are hugging each other, jumping up and down and bouncing in a circle by their fans. They've deserved this title but in truth it was a rather tepid second half lit up intermittently by Messi's dribbling. There will be no trophy presentation tonight so I won't hang around. Thanks for all your emails and if you're a Barça fan, congratulations. Good night. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/123 | {
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Ananya with Vijay Deverakonda. (Image courtesy:
[taranadarsh]( https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1230355209072701440)) New Delhi:
- The film will release in Hindi and major South Indian languages
- Charmme Kaur will co-produce the film with Karan Johar and Apoorva Mehta
- "Let the madness begin," tweeted Charmme Kaur
Ananya Panday is all set and "excited" to work with
[south star Vijay Deverakonda in his Bollywood debut film](https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/arjun-reddy-star-vijay-deverakonda-says-that-he-does-films-that-audience-connects-with-2154215). The actress, on Thursday, announced her association with director Puri Jagannadh's multilingual film on social media and expressed her happiness and excitement with these words: "Happy, blessed and excited to be associated for a Pan-India film with our director Puri Jagannadh... Welcoming Mr. Deverakonda to Bollywood." She shared a set of pictures, in which she can be seen chilling with Vijay Deverakonda, Charmme Kaur and Puri Jagannadh. Charmme Kaur will co-produce the yet-to-be-titled film with Karan Johar and Apoorva Mehta.
[Vijay himself revealed some time back that he will play a fighter in the film](https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/after-parvathy-trends-again-irritated-vijay-deverakonda-says-people-go-nuts-2139912), details about Ananya's character are yet to be disclosed.
[Ananya Panday](https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/aunty-ananya-panday-with-karan-johars-daughter-roohi-pic-courtesy-siddhant-chaturvedi-2177016) onboard, Charmme Kaur tweeted: "Happy to welcome onboard gorgeous Ananya Panday for our Pan-India venture with Vijay Deverakonda... Let the madness begin." The film will release in Hindi and major South Indian languages.
Take a look at the aforementioned posts here:
Earlier, talking about his Bollywood debut, Vijay Deverakonda said he has started shooting the film and he will dub his own lines for its Hindi version, reported newsy agency PTI. "I've started shooting for my first pan-Indian film with Puri Jagannadh. It's a project that required me to undergo drastic physical transformation and I've been working non-stop to pull off the character. I play a fighter and the role required me to learn mixed martial arts," he told PTI.
Charmme Kaur and Karan Johar (who will present the Hindi version of the film) announced the project in January.
On the work front,
[Ananya Panday was last seen in Pati Patni Aur Woh](https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/pati-patni-aur-woh-box-office-collection-day-7-kartik-aaryans-film-scores-rs-55-crore-2148525) while Vijay Deverakonda's last release is World Famous Lover. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/125 | {
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This blog post outlines upcoming changes to Google Currents for Workspace users. For information on the previous deprecation of Google+ for users with personal Google accounts, please
see this post
We are nearing the end of this transition. Beginning July 5, 2023, Currents will no longer be available. Workspace administrators can
export Currents data using Takeout
before August 8, 2023. Beginning August 8th, Currents data will no longer be available for download.
Although we are saying goodbye to Currents, we continue to invest in new features for
, so teams can connect and collaborate with a shared sense of belonging. Over the last year, we've delivered features designed to support community engagement at scale, and will continue to deliver more. Here is a summary of the features with additional details below:
This month, we're enabling
new ways for organizations to share information
across the enterprise with
announcements in Google Chat
. This gives admin controls to limit permissions for posting in a space, while enabling all members to read and react, helping ensure that important updates stay visible and relevant. Later this year, we plan to simplify membership management by integrating Google Groups with spaces in Chat, enable post-level metrics for announcements, and provide tools for Workspace administrators to manage spaces across their domain.
Announcements in Google Chat Managing space membership with Google Groups
We've already rolled out
new ways to make conversations more expressive and engaging
to enable rich exploration of a specific topic without overtaking the main conversation and
to enable fun, personal expression.
In-line threaded conversations Discover and join communities with up to 8,000 members
We've also made it easier for individuals to
discover and join communities of shared interest
searching in Gmail
, users can explore a directory of available spaces covering topics of personal or professional interest such as gardening, pets, career development, fitness, cultural identity, and more, with the ability to
invite others to join
via link. Last year, we increased
the size of communities supported by spaces in Chat to 8,000 members
, and we are working to scale this in a meaningful way later this year.
A directory of spaces in Google Chat for users to join.
Our partner community is extending the power of Chat through
integrations with essential third-party apps
Jira, GitHub, Asana, PagerDuty
Zendesk and Salesforce
. Many organizations have
built custom workflow apps using low-code and no-code tools
, and we anticipate that this number will continue to grow with the GA releases of the Chat API and AppSheet's Chat app building capabilities later this year.
For teams to thrive in this rapidly changing era of hybrid work, it's essential to build authentic personal connections and a strong sense of belonging, no matter when or where individuals work. We will continue to make Google Chat the best option for Workspace customers seeking to build a community and culture for hybrid teams, with much more to come later this year. Who's impacted Admins and end users
Why it's important The transition from Currents to spaces in Google Chat removes a separate, siloed destination and provides organizations with a modern, enterprise-grade experience that reflects how the world is working today. Google Workspace customers use Google Chat to communicate about projects, share organizational updates, and build community.
Recommended action Availability Spaces in Google Chat are available to all Google Workspace customers and users with personal Google Accounts. Resources | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/127 | {
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BHOPAL: One of the most awaited cultural events in the city,
, is set to commence from January 26 at Ravindra Bhavan.
In all,16 states will participate in this colourful, five-day event, which will have some mesmerising folk, tribal performances, every day in the evening. There will be many stalls where artisans will display and sell their artefacts at the fest, which is being organised by Adivasi Kala Academy on behalf of department of culture, MP.
[CM Shivraj Singh Chouhan](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/cm-shivraj-singh-chouhan)
will inaugurate the event in the presence of culture minister Usha Thakur. Irani folk music will also be a part of festivalâs Deshantar series.
âDue to Covid, we have made it leaner, it will however have a lot for the revellers and artistes. A tribute exhibition has been organised on the works of two award-winning tribal artistes. This time theme of the stage decor will Bundelkhandi; artistes are already rehearsing for vigorous Bundelkhandi dances,â said curator of Tribal Museum and one of the organisers, Ashok Mishra. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/130 | {
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The move will see the IPL become the first sporting event to broadcast live on the internet in every country on a dedicated YouTube channel.
Viewers will be able to choose their own camera positions, freeze or fast forward footage while also logging into chat rooms and having access to stats on the IPL's official website. There will also be an archive feature that will enable fans to replay their favourite pieces of action.
Lalit Modi, the IPL commissioner, told the Daily Telegraph: "This changes the world of sports broadcasting. The internet has changed the lives of everyone and this will do the same for sport.
"We are now taking our event truly global for the first time. Google gives us access to 500 million pairs of eyes every single moment of the day. There are a few countries where the feed will be near as live which means there will be a delay of only a few minutes, but most places will be able to see live streaming of the action.
"This will be a true experience for the fan who will be able to control how and when they watch the action. It doesn't matter if you live in Australia and the games are shown during the middle of the night.
"Now you will be able to get up in the morning and, if you have an internet connection, watch the action at a time of your choosing and not have to wait for a broadcaster to repeat it.
"The fans will also have exclusive feeds which we are only showing on google. They will have what we call a Fan Feed which will show the entertainment around the matches.
"Also, if you fancy watching from the stump cam or from behind the bowlers arm then so be it because 20 different feeds will be available. The viewer will have the choice and not the television companies.
"Television broadcasting still remains a massive focus for us all but this offers us tremendous potential for the future. Google have never done this before. This is a first for the whole of sport.
"Commercially it means we will be able to reach new audiences and shows why sponsors want to be associated with us. Individual sponsors will be able to cut their own footage to suit their own needs. The possibilities are endless.
"We do not have a live feed in the UK. People in the UK keep asking me why they can't see it. Now if they have a broadband connection they can get it for free. We are in talks with all broadcasters in the UK but we would rather give it away free than let some of them make money out of us and the consumer. It is about broadening the fan base, after that everything follows."
If the IPL finds a broadcaster in the UK, they had a partnership with the now defunct Setanta, matches on YouTube will be delayed by a couple of minutes.
Revenue from advertising and sponsorship will be shared by Google and the IPL. Two years ago World Sports Group paid more than $1billion for the broadcast rights to the tournament.
But the IPL is moving beyond the normal television route and this latest announcement is the first in a string of moves which its organisers hope will help realise their dream of becoming a global brand.
Next month two more franchises will be added to the league and this announcement will have been timed to boost their value. A base price of $225m has been put in place by the IPL, but estimates of deals go up to $600m. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/131 | {
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Rising star Ami Faku has a rich, soulful voice that beguilingly draws you in, even if you don't understand the words.
Faku comes from Port Elizabeth and often sings in isiXhosa, but loves to explain the stories behind her music.
For her song Inde Lendlela (I've come a long way) the video shows a couple sitting in sad silence by a swimming pool. "It's about relationships and feeling like you don't want to let go, even though the person isn't good for you. The reflection in the water allows me to reflect on myself and reflect on the pain I'm in," she says.
Her songs certainly touch a nerve with those who hear them, with people sharing comments on social media about how her music has helped them to heal.
Her debut single, Imali, was released in 2018 and last year she had five different songs in the Top 100 on local radio stations. Music-streaming service Deezer named her its most popular South African female artist in 2019 and she's among the top 10 most streamed female South African artists on Spotify.
Faku shares her personal life through her songs, which is why they're so relatable. "When you are being real, there's no one like you, and there's so much power in that," she says.
She first discovered she could sing at church, and auditioned for The Voice TV show. She didn't win, but she made contact with a record label.
"The proudest moment in my life would be when I finally decided to challenge myself musically and audition for a singing competition," she says. "If I didn't challenge myself I would've been stuck in one place. My biggest mistake was not trusting my potential because of fear, which held me back from living my life to the fullest. Now I fear nothing." | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/132 | {
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Table of Contents
Women's Day 2022: Flying Officer Bhawana Kanth is one of the three first female pilots of India who have made the whole country proud. They were trained to take control of fighter aircraft and become an air warrior. Being from a family where no one hails from a military background, she always dreamt to serve the country. But Bhawana fulfilled her dream by joining Indian Air Force as Flying Officer. Here are some interesting facts about Bhawana Kanth that will motivate you to join Indian Air Force.
IAF Flying Officer Bhawana Kanth Biography
Bhawana Kanth was born on 1st of December, 1992. She hails from the Barauni village in Bihar. She hails from the state where most of the people opt Politics or civil services as their profession. She always had the dream of flying the fighter aircraft before joining the Indian Air Force and she made her dream come true after she was commissioned in the IAF as the trio of women fighter pilots. Bhawana Kanth height is 5 feet 6 inches that make her look normal among the crowd of women.
Talking about Bhawana Kanth education, she prepared for the engineering entrance colleges from Kota, Rajasthan. She finally completed her B.Tech from BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore. She completed her graduation in 2014 and was later commissioned in Indian Air Force.
Today, people are eager to read the story of Flying officer Bhawana Kanth on Wikipedia as she has made India proud.
Interesting Facts about Flying Officer Bhawana Kanth
The amazing facts about Bhawana Kanth will make you inspired and will also motivate you to join Indian Air Force.
Was Passionate to Join NDA: Since childhood, Bhawana was passionate to join
[National Defence Academy](https://www.ssbtosuccess.com/tag/national-defence-academy/) but as NDA doesn't allow the incoming of women is not allowed in the Indian Army, she was unable to make it after 12th standard.
She has no Military Background: Father of Bhawana Kanth is working as an Electric Engineer in Indian Oil Corporation. Her mother is a housewife. She says that her mother has always been a motivation to join Indian Air Force.
Bhawana Completed her B.Tech in Medical Electronics: Soon after completing her schooling from DAV Public School, Bhawana started preparing for the engineering entrance exams. And finally, with her efforts, she makes it in BMS College of Engineering. She took entrance coaching from Kota.
Bhawana Stood 3rd in the Merit List: Flying Officer Bhawana was recommended in 2014. In the final merit list of flying officer, she stood 3rd rank. The first position was achieved by Akshara Uniyai while second position was held by Avani Chaturvedi.
She Becomes first Three Women Fighter Pilots: On 18th July 2016, Bhawana Kanth along with two other professional siblings was commissioned by the then Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar.
She Becomes 2nd Women Fighter Pilot to Fly Mig-21 Solo: On 16th of February 2018, Bhawana repeated history after she takes the solo ride of Mig-21 fighter gets. Prior to this, Flying Officer Avani Chaturvedi created history by taking the solo flight of Mig-21 fighter aircraft.
[Air Marshal Padmavathy Bandopadhyay- First Woman Air Marshal In India ](https://www.ssbtosuccess.com/air-marshal-padmavathy-bandopadhyay-first-woman-air-marshal-awarded-padma-shri/)
Bhawana was Placed in TCS before Selection in IAF: During the last year of B.Tech, Bhawana Kanth applied for opportunities in private companies and she was successfully placed in TATA Consultancy Services (TCS). But as she was also recommended for Indian Air Force, she quit her private opportunity and continued her training at IAF Academy.
She Started Her Flying Lessons from Kiran Trainer Jet: During the initial days of her training, she was trained with Kiran Intermediate Jet Trainer. She completed her Stage-I training in the Air Force Academy, Dundigal after which she joined fighter stream and continues her lessons to fly fighter aircraft.
First Female Fighter Pilot to Attend Republic Day Parade: Flight Lieutenant Bhawna Kant has become the first female fighter pilot to participate in the Republic Day Parade 2021 . Bhavna will showcase indigenously built Light Combat Aircraft Tejas, Light Combat Helicopters Rudra, Rohini Radar and BrahMos in the IAF Tableau.
How Bhawana Kanth Repeated History?
Flying Officer Bhawana Kanth on 16th March 2018 takes the solo flight of Mig-21 'Bison'. She made the solo flight of Mig-21 from Ambala Air Force Station at around 1400 hours. With this, she becomes the second Indian air force women fighter pilot to fly a fighter aircraft solo.
Throughout the world, the Bison is considered to have the highest landing with a take-off speed of amount 340kmph. Year back, Bhawana was commissioned in the Indian Air Force flying branch with two other batch mates namely Flying Officer Avani Chaturvedi and Flying officer Mohana Singh.
On 19th of February,
[IAF Officer Avani Chaturvedi](https://www.ssbtosuccess.com/flying-officer-avani-chaturvedi/) made a debut flight of MiG-21 and created history as she becomes the first Indian Air Force women fighter pilot to take a solo flight of fighter aircraft. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/134 | {
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Scotland sit proudly at the top of Euro 2008 qualifying Group B after a fabulous win over France at Hampden.
Caldwell was on target for Scotland
Thierry Henry hit the post as France dominated the first 45 minutes but Scotland improved after the interval.
And Gary Caldwell, who was outstanding in defence, turned goal hero when he stabbed the ball home from a Paul Hartley corner kick on 67 minutes.
France enjoyed the bulk of possession but Walter Smith's well-organised team worked hard for a famous victory.
James McFadden was given the role of lone striker and he gave the French a fright inside the first few minutes.
The Everton forward robbed Lilian Thuram as the Barcelona defender tried to usher the ball out of play but his attempted cross was blocked and his follow-up shot struck team-mate Hartley.
But the visitors soon began to dictate play and went very close with a curling Henry free-kick that struck the post.
Patrick Vieira headed in from a Franck Ribery free-kick after 17 minutes but the France captain had strayed marginally offside.
The linesman's flag came to the rescue again, when David Trezeguet's overhead kick found the net, and Florent Malouda blazed a shot high and wide as France continued to press.
Scotland celebrate a wonderful victory at Hampden
Craig Gordon then made a fine diving save to keep out a stinging Malouda strike from distance.
Scotland earned a corner after a rare surge forward on 37 minutes but goalkeeper Gregory Coupet gathered Caldwell's header comfortably.
McFadden stole in behind the French defence early in the second half to meet Darren Fletcher's well-placed pass but wildly slashed at his shot from a tight angle and failed to test Coupet.
France lost the passing fluency that had seen them dominate the first half but Scotland continued to lose possession cheaply and put themselves under pressure.
However, Scotland were getting forward more often and their endeavour was rewarded with the goal that sent the Hampden crowd wild with delight.
Hartley swung in a corner from the right and, with the French defence static, Caldwell threw himself at the ball to slide in a shot from eight yards.
France poured forward in the closing stages but the Scots packed men behind the ball and tackled with tenacity.
Henry had a fantastic chance to level the game with three minutes remaining but tamely headed straight at Gordon from close range and Scotland held on to make it three wins from three in the race for Euro 2008.
Scotland: Gordon, Dailly, Pressley, Weir, Graham Alexander, Fletcher, Ferguson, Caldwell, Hartley, McCulloch (Teale 58), McFadden (O'Connor 72).
Subs Not Used: Neil Alexander, McManus, Neilson, Boyd, Severin.
Goal: Caldwell 67.
Booked: McFadden, McCulloch, Dailly.
France: Coupet, Abidal, Thuram, Boumsong, Sagnol, Ribery (Wiltord 74), Vieira, Makelele, Malouda, Trezeguet (Saha 62), Henry.
Subs Not Used: Landreau, Clerc, Escude, Diarra, Squillaci.
Ref: Massimo Busacca (Switzerland). | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/135 | {
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MUMBAI: Two mountaineer sisters from Haryana achieved a unique world record on Tuesday.
[Tashi Singh Mallik](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/tashi-singh-mallik)
became the first twins to climb
, the highest peak of Antarctica. In doing so, they created history by becoming the first siblingsâand twinsâto scale the tallest mountain peaks in all seven continents. They have also entered the hall of fame for mountaineers, the Seven Summit Club.
âNungshiâ is Manipuri for âloveâ and âTashiâ is Tibetan for âgood luckâ. The identical twins began their expeditions in February 2012 by climbing Mt Kilimanjaro in Africa. They ascended Mt Everest, the highest peak in the world, in May 2013, followed by Mt Elbrus in Europe in August that year. In January 2014, they climbed Mt Aconcagua, South America, after which there was Mt Carstensz Pyramid in Australasia in March. Next was McKinley, North America, in June and finally Mt Vinson. At 16,045 ft, it is the highest peak in Antarctica and located 660 nautical miles from the South Pole.
The 23-year-old girls reached the final summit around 4pm local time on Tuesday after a tough eight-hour climb from the high camp to the summit. They were helped by a sudden break in weather that turned friendly soon after they commenced their final push for the summit.
The sisters, who have championed the cause of the girl child, chose to celebrate their record in a rather singular way. âYou must be aware that when a son is born to a family in north India, they tend to announce the good news by beating a metal thali (plate) with a spoon. But they do not celebrate when a daughter is born. Nungshi and Tashi carried with them a steel plate and spoon to Mt Vinson and once they succeeded in creating the world record, they struck the plate to signal that women are equal to men,â said their father, Virendra Singh Mallik, a former army man from the Jat heartland.
The sisters will return to their home base in New Delhi in a few weeks. âOn December 19, they will embark on the Explorers Grand Slam by skiing to the Poles. No South Asian has achieved this feat, as far as I know. The second leg of the trip is in April 2015, provided we manage the funding of Rs 70 lakh required for the feat. The fee itself is Rs 60 lakh. Corporates like Mahindra Group have stepped forward to fund the first leg, but I am scouring for help for the second,â their father said. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/136 | {
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Tottenham have signed England striker Darren Bent from Championship outfit Charlton for a club record £16.5m.
Bent scored 37 goals in 79 appearances for Charlton Athletic
The 23-year-old passed a medical on Thursday and signed a deal for up to six years, with the transfer fee being paid in instalments.
Bent said: "Tottenham have a lot of young English players and it's a young squad, it's a squad going forward and that's the direction I wanted to take.
"It's exciting times for me and Spurs and hopefully I'll show what I can do."
Bent's former club Ipswich will also benefit from the move, as they inserted a 20% sell-on clause when the striker moved to Charlton.
The Suffolk club will receive £2.58m. paid in three instalments over two years.
Bent will be out to establish himself in the England squad after making just two starts and one substitute appearance for his country.
He knows Spurs is the place to be and that's something to be proud of
Tottenham boss Martin Jol
The Cambridge-born ex-Ipswich player is confident the switch to Spurs will help his cause after he recently turned down a move to West Ham.
"It helps a lot that I know a few of the lads from England internationals and I'm sure they will help me settle in.
"They seem to be getting better and better every season and I would love to be part of that."
Spurs manager Martin Jol said: "Darren's strength is his stamina.
"Normally players will make runs three or four times in 45 minutes, he will do it all the time and if you manage to play balls behind the defence, he will be there. That's what I like about him.
"He has pace, he links play well and can see a pass - he can exploit the space and play as well.
"He knows Spurs is the place to be and that's something to be proud of."
Tottenham's sporting director, Damien Comolli, added: "Darren has showed fantastic motivation and desire to join the club and we are absolutely delighted to have him.
"He recognised we have a project here and as a player he wants to work with Martin Jol and showed that all the way.
"The two signings we've completed so far in Darren and Gareth Bale offer us massive improvement in terms of the squad, players with great potential whose best days are in front of them."
Tottenham's previous biggest transfer was the £11m paid for Sergei Rebrov from Dynamo Kiev in the summer of 2000. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/137 | {
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Rising star Amanda Black has blown Mzansi away by her incredible musical talent. We give you seven interesting facts about Mzansi's best new artist.
1. Her real name Amanda Benedicta Antony
2. She was born on the 24 July 1993 in Mthatha, Eastern Cape.
3. Her debut studio album Amazulu was certified platinum three weeks after its release.
4. She studied Music Education at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in Eastern Cape.
5. The first time Amanda entered the South African music reality show Idols when she was only 16 years old.
6. Growing up, Amanda did not like the fact that she is dark skinned, she says because TV celebrates light skin and she felt like she was not good enough because she is dark.
7. The reason why Amanda has the traditional face painting dots on her face is because she is proud to be Xhosa and African. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/141 | {
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Singer-songwriter Msaki has steadily been climbing the charts since the release of her debut album. Her recent features on some of the hottest tracks doing the rounds have only seen the songstress rise even higher.
When did you discover that you wanted to become a musician?
I can't exactly pinpoint the time to be honest, but I feel like music has always been embedded in me. My grandfather was a composer and my dad a choirmaster.
Growing up, what other interests did you have?
In school, I played provincial hockey and national tennis. I was very athletic and everyone thought I was going to continue with sports and were shocked that I can actually sing. A lot of people that know me from school know me for sports.
What is your songwriting process?
I need to write often to process my thoughts, so I write daily. I have become methodical in my writing. Writing has become a coping mechanism for me. I don't always wait for inspiration to come to me but I take references, maybe like a line, from my journal entries and sometimes the music will start attaching itself to that process when I am practicing my guitar or something like that.
How has working with big names such as Black Coffee, Prince Kaybee and Tresor shaped and inspired your music journey?
I have learned so much, especially from working with Black Coffee. There is something to take from everyone. I loved working with Tresor as he is one of my song writing partners. We just block off time and we write as much as we can. I have also noticed a different kind of sound, electronic sound, seep into my own style.
For anyone, coming to your shows or buying your music, what can fans expect?
I am very organic. My songs are intimate and homely. Performing songs like Prince Kaybee's Fetch Your Life has taught me something else about performing without my guitar.
What do you fear?
I fear not living up to my full potential. I am scared to die with all this music in me! I think that is my biggest fear. I like to document my thoughts. We aren't always guaranteed another day and I would like to put my music out there. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/142 | {
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Crouch (left) was superb for England after coming off the bench at Wembley
By Phil McNulty
Chief football writer at Wembley
Peter Crouch maintained his prolific England goalscoring record as they came from behind to beat Egypt at Wembley.
The visitors rocked England when Mohamed Zidan cashed in on Matthew Upson's slip to give them the lead their early ambition merited - but Fabio Capello's side responded in style after the break to run out deserved winners.
Deposed England captain John Terry was barracked by a small minority of the Wembley crowd in the early stages, but the jeers were swiftly replaced by cheers and this victory against the highly regarded holders of the Africa Cup of Nations will have satisfied coach Capello.
And it was two of the Italian's substitutes, Crouch and Shaun Wright-Phillips, who made the major impact as they staked their claim for a place in England's squad for the World Cup in South Africa.
Crouch, on for Jermain Defoe after half-time, slid in Gareth Barry's pass to draw England level 11 minutes after the interval and Wright-Phillips scored on the rebound - with a large helping hand from Egypt keeper Essam El Hadari.
And Crouch continued his outstanding record at England level with his 20th goal in 37 games with 10 minutes left, although he appeared to be offside when he turned in another emphatic finish from an excellent Wright-Phillips delivery.
Emile Heskey appears to be Capello's preferred option as Wayne Rooney's strike partner - but once again Crouch delivered goals and made it increasingly difficult for his claims for a starting place to be ignored.
And in the wider context, Capello will now hope victory will enable his World Cup plans to get back on track in the wake of the recent upheaval of Terry's dismissal as captain amid allegations he had a relationship with the ex-girlfriend of former team-mate Wayne Bridge - and Bridge's subsequent withdrawal from international football.
England gave a debut to Leighton Baines and the Everton defender delivered a solid display, while Robert Green may well have now moved into pole position to take the goalkeeping berth as he got the nod ahead of David James.
Terry was given a mixed reception when his name was announced, and his first touch of the ball was also jeered but there was also plenty of support for the Chelsea defender around Wembley.
Frank Lampard wasted the opportunity to give England the start they wanted after only four minutes when he was played in by Theo Walcott, but saw his effort blocked by Egypt keeper El Hadari.
Egypt's lofty position of 17th in the world rankings marked them out as a team not to be dismissed lightly. And so it proved as they showed real attacking thrust and ability in possession to threaten England.
Debutant Baines conceded an early corner, and it needed the intervention of the unlikely figure of Defoe on the line to clear Wael Gomaa's shot off the line.
As ever, England's greatest attacking hopes rested on Rooney, and he fashioned an early opening for strike partner Defoe, but the Tottenham striker hesitated as he tried to finish the move and the Egyptian defence recovered.
Steven Gerrard enjoys standing in to captain England to win
Egypt's promising opening was rewarded with a goal after 23 minutes - and it was a nightmare moment for Upson, who slipped on the edge of the area as he competed with Zidan, who pounced on the unexpected opportunity to steer a composed finish beyond Green.
Lampard was uncharacteristically wasteful again as England attempted to mount a swift response, failing to connect properly after a Baines corner had caused trouble in the Egypt penalty area.
And Defoe, hoping to make the most of a rare start alongside Rooney, escaped the clutches of the Egypt defence to break into the area but his shot was palmed away by El Hadari.
Capello made a double change at the break, sending on Crouch and Michael Carrick for Defoe and Lampard. And it was the giant striker who made the big impact with the equaliser after 56 minutes.
Crouch proud of England scoring record
He crowned England's most fluent move of the night as Steven Gerrard found Barry, whose pass was swept home expertly by Crouch.
Rooney sparked into life and twice came close to giving England the lead. He fired off target before chasing down Barry's pass and lofted a finish over El Hadari but wide.
And the transformation was complete as Wright-Phillips put England ahead 15 minutes from time. Substitute James Milner, on for Gerrard, saw his shot palmed away by El Hadari, but Wright-Phillips responded with a swerving shot, which the keeper could only help into his net.
Crouch grabbed his second five minutes later when Wright-Phillips confirmed the good impression he made with an inviting cross that was again perfectly converted.
The Spurs forward appeared to be comfortably offside but he clinically took advantage of the linesman's misjudgement.
It was the final flourish on a night when Capello will hope all the focus switches back to football after recent off-the-field events. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/144 | {
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Tuesday, July 2 2024
ThugGuru Unleashes Compelling New Single: "Monsters Inc"
Renowned 3-Step Maestro Heavy-K Releases His New 3-Step Album Just in Time for The Festive Season
Zee Nxumalo takes SA by storm as Mzansi welcomes SA's next superstar vocalist
Sho Madjozi's best seller "Shoma and The Stars" releases new children's activity book for Christmas
Busiswa Celebrates Her 'Renaissance' Movie Feature with a Prestigious Beyhive Watch Party
THE LADYSMITH BLACK MAMBAZO LEGACY TOUR CONCLUDES AT PRETORIA'S STATE THEATRE
Mpumi makes her people dance again with the release of her jovial third album
Khaya Mthethwa & Rorisang Thandekiso to Host Crowns Awards
HENNESSY COLLABORATES WITH AFRICAN GINGER TO LAUNCH SA'S FIRST ROOFTOP COURT IN BRAAMFONTEIN
Soso Maholwana's Song of victory brings healing to the nation
SA Hip Hop
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Type in the text displayed above | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/145 | {
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Tomorrow night, Randall and Unathi will be joined by Msaki, who will be lending her skills to the judging panel. The East London-born composer, songwriter and singer will also be delivering a performance, which is a special treat for Idols SA fans.
Msaki's musical career started when she was about 20 as a member of an alternative rock band during her college days, but it really took off in 2013 with the release of her debut EP, Nal'ithemba. She followed that up with her debut studio-length album, Zaneliza: How The Water Moves, which earned itself some award nominations.
Msaki has worked with a number of other acts, including, Sun-El Musician, Kid X, TRESOR, Kabza De Small and Focalistic, and she is set to release her latest project on the Friday following her Idols SA appearance, which is definitely something to which to look forward. On Sunday, she will be judging the performances of the contestants during the Top 2 reveal – the show that unveils the two contestants who will be embroiled in the final singing showdown of the competition.
Season 17 of Idols SA broadcasts on Sundays at 17:00 on Mzansi Magic, channel 161. Get exclusive updates and a behind the scenes look at all the action right here on our site. Don't forget to join the conversation by following us on | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/147 | {
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MCs: Somizi, Akhumzi and Duma Ntando
Please note that no tickets are available for the event, but entry is subject to the following for purchase at the gate:
General access: Purchase any six-pack of Savanna or Hunters variants for R100.
VIP access: Buy one bottle of Cruz Vodka or Bisquit Cognac or a package of Nederburg Pongracz and Drostdy-Hof for R450.
Empty cooler boxes and picnic chairs are allowed. Gates at the Puma Stadium will open at 11am and the show will begin at 12pm until 6am. For more information regarding packages contact 060 325 9939.
For more updates connect, connect with West Ink Records via
*No persons under the age of 18. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/148 | {
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Tom Hark is one of those South African classic songs that simply won't lie down and go away. Recorded by Elias and His Zig Zag Jive Flutes in the 1950s, it became a huge hit.
It was played by big bands well into the 1960s; used as a theme song for a British TV series called The Killing Stones; recorded by British jazzman Ted Heath and his orchestra,and re-recorded by The Piranhas in 1982 along with another great South African hit, Zambezi.
Now it's just been recorded again, this time by Mango Groove on their CD Dance Some More, All The Hits So Far, which features three new tracks. So whoever composed it, should, theoretically, be earning a lot of money. But who actually composed it is in dispute, as the Mail & Guardian has reported before.
It's registered at the South African Music Rights Organisation to Rupert Bopape, producer for Elias and His Zig Zag Jive Flutes. But that's disputed by Elias Lerole, who says he wrote it. Joe Mogotsi of the Manhattan Brothers, however, says the song actually comes from one of theirs, Komponeng. And John Leyden, Mango's band leader, says he swears he's heard a Haydn string piece that sounds exactly like Tom Hark. "Our song is a bastardisation of all the versions that have gone before," he says. "The Piranhas did a punk, yobbo version and we've changed it and added some of our own lyrics."
The original is an instrumental piece, with a theatrical opening that gave the music of the era the name kwela. The listener hears a group of youngsters playing dice in the streets.
As they see police vans coming, they shout "Here comes the kwela, kwela!" and run. White teenagers apparently thought they were referring to the music and the name stuck.
"It's vital the proper composers get what's due to them," says Leyden, "but I like eclecticism, like I love The Tokens's version of Mbube: The Lion Sleeps Tonight. I'm not interested in a politically correct or authentic version, music's a constantly changing continuum. For me Tom Hark is one of the six all-time great South African hits, along with Mbube: The Lion Sleeps Tonight, Skokiaan, Zambezi, Pata Pata and Meadowlands.
In the meantime, Tom Hark, which actually was meant to be entitled Tomahawk but the printer got it wrong, is registered to EMI/ Bopape on Mango's CD, as it is at Samro. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/151 | {
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Deep Roots Malawi hopes to record the country's musical past and present
By Nikki Jecks
BBC World Service
You might not think you know much about Malawian music, but chances are you have heard it, or at least musicians influenced by it.
African music in general first came to international attention in the 1950s with the popularity of "kwela" in the urban townships of Johannesburg.
Outside Malawi you never hear the words 'music' and 'Malawi' next to each other
South Africa claims kwela for its own, but Kenny Gilmore, the director of a documentary that charts the history of Malawian music, says kwela was actually popularised in South Africa by Malawian musicians.
"The founding fathers of kwela kwela, a lot, not all of them, were Malawian, Malawi's never been that famous so nobody hears about them," he told the BBC World Service.
"Then they take a holiday down to South Africa, play some music, then, boom, the kwela kwela revolution [happens] and everybody thinks its South African."
Even a capella made famous by groups like Ladysmith Black Mambazo, and more contemporary styles like Afro-jazz, both owe much of their distinct style to Malawian musicians according to Mr Gilmore.
Malawi has nine tribal and linguistic groups, each possessing its own traditional dances and indigenous rhythms.
Traditional dance forms of basis for Malawi's music
"True African music all comes from a traditional dance somewhere... and Malawi has got unique dances with unique rhythms," he says.
He cites dances such as the Chewa's masked "Gule Wamkulu" (the big dance); the Ngoni's "Ingoma" war dance; the Beni military dance; and the healing "Vimbuza" spirit dance of the Tumbuka.
But sadly only a handful of these were recorded in the 1940s and 1950s.
Inspired by the late musical archivist Alan Lomax's famous journey to collect early blues recordings in the deep American South, for six weeks last year Mr Gilmore and his team travelled to villages across Malawi hoping to document and record some of this musical heritage, both past and present.
He hoped to record as much as possible of what is left of these traditions before the memories and the music are gone forever.
"Outside Malawi you never hear the words 'music' and 'Malawi' next to each other. I went to Cape Town record shops, nothing, London, nothing, America, New York, nothing.
These country boundaries actually mean nothing in cultural terms... we've got a unique musical melting pot
"I'm on a mission to change it, I think the world needs to hear music and Malawi in the same sentence."
Using a portable studio, musicians from Malawi's most rural and remote areas were given the opportunity to record, promote and preserve their musical heritage.
What the team got was a mix of individual musicians, small groups and cultural dance troupes, some of it purely traditional, some of it more of a fusion of traditional with contemporary and jazz influences.
"Sometimes you get these places in the world when you get these really interesting melting pots of cultures," says Mr Gilmore.
"You have the Congolese influence just above Malawi, you've got the Zambian influence to the west, you've got Zimbabwe to the east and you've got South Africa to the south.
"These country boundaries actually mean nothing in cultural terms - so all these great influences come into Malawi, mixing - we've got a unique musical melting pot."
'Massive riotous party'
Well-known Malawian musician and politician Lucius Banda says what makes Malawi music so special and deserving of greater interest is the way it has absorbed other influences into its musical traditions, making them their own.
Musician and politician Lucius Banda believes Malawi is a cultural sponge
"Malawi music is different, the special thing about Malawi music is [that it is] so cultural," he says.
"South Africa has disco and other Western influences. But Malawian music is quite unique in its own perspective."
One such influence which dramatically influenced the country's musical style was the banjo.
The banjo was brought back to Malawi by soldiers who had served in East and Western African battalions during WWII.
The banjo and blue grass influences were infused with traditional beats and dominated the country's music for nearly 20 years.
In the 1970s jazz made an appearance in Malawi, then in more recent times has come gospel, reggae and pop influences.
But what is most special about Malawi music according to Mr Gilmore is not the way it has fused the traditional with the contemporary - it is its energy and passion.
"I've played round the world and most of the times you get the beginning and it's warming up, people not getting too excited, then there's a kind of warm phase.
"In Malawi, from the first song boom, the whole club just kind of ignites in a fire bomb and it carries on until the last.
"The bartenders have left the bar, security have left the gate, someone's climbed over the fence you can see the whole nearby village dancing next to the gate,
"It's just a massive riotous party and it just leaves me filled with so much happiness." | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/152 | {
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Born: June 26, 1874
Place of Birth: Kagal, Kolhapur District, Central Provinces (currently Maharashtra)
Parents: Jaisinghrao Appasaheb Ghatge (Father) and Radhabai (Mother); Anandibai (Adoptive Mother)
Children: Rajaram III, Radhabai, Sriman Maharajkumar Shivaji and Srimati Rajkumari Aubai
Education: Rajkumar College, Rajkot
Religious Views: Hinduism
Legacy: Social and Educational Reforms, Opposed Brahman Supremacy
Death: May 6, 1922
Place of Death: Kolhapur, Maharashtra
Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj also known as Rajarshi Shahu was considered a true democrat and social reformer. First Maharaja of the princely state of Kolhapur, he was an invaluable gem in the history of Maharashtra. Greatly influenced by the contributions of social reformer Jyotiba Phule, Shahu Maharaj was an ideal leader and able ruler who was associated with many progressive and path breaking activities during his rule. From his coronation in 1894 till his demise in 1922, he worked tirelessly for the cause of the lower caste subjects in his state. Primary education to all regardless of caste and creed was one of his most significant priorities.Â
Image Credit: Wikipedia
He was born Yeshwantrao in the Ghatge family in Kagal village of the Kolhapur district as Yeshwantrao Ghatge to Jaisingrao and Radhabai in June 26, 1874. Jaisingrao Ghatge was the village chief, while his wife Radhabhai hailed from the royal family of Mudhol. Young Yeshwantrao lost his mother when he was only three. His education was supervised by his father till he was 10-year-old. In that year, he was adopted by Queen Anandibai, widow of Kingh Shivaji IV, of the princely state of Kolhapur. Although the adoption rules of the time dictated that the child must have Bhosale dynasty blood in his vein, Yeshwantraoâs family background presented a unique case. He completed his formal education at the Rajkumar College in Rajkot and took lessons of administrative affairs from Sir Stuart Fraser, a representative of the Indian Civil Services. He ascended the throne in 1894 after coming of age, prior to which a regency council appointed by the British Government took care of the state affairs. During his accession Yeshwantrao was renamed as Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj.
Chhatrapati Shahu was over five feet nine inches in height and displayed a regal and majestic appearance. Wrestling was one of his favourite sports and he patronised the sport throughout his rule. Wrestlers from all over the country would come to his state to participate in wrestling competitions.Â
He was married to Lakshmibai Khanvilkar, daughter of a nobleman from Baroda in 1891. The couple had for children â two sons and two daughters.
Image Credit: Wikipedia
Chhatrapati Shahu occupied the throne of Kolhapur for 28 years, from 1894 to 1922, and during this period he initiated numerous social reforms in his empire. His emphasis was on education and his aim was to make education available to masses. He introduced a number of educational programs to promote education among his subjects. He established hostels separately for different ethnicities and religions like Panchals, Devadnya, Nabhik, Shimpi, Dhor-Chambhar communities as well as for Muslims, Jains and Christians. He established the Miss Clarke Boarding School for the socially quarantined segments of the community. He introduced several scholarships for the poor but meritorious students from backward castes. He also initiated a compulsory free primary education for all in his state. He established Vedic Schools that enabled students from all castes and classes to learn the scriptures and propagate Sanskrit education among all. He also started special schools for the village heads or âPatilsâ to make them into better administrators.
Chhatrapati Sahu was a strong advocate of equality among all strata of the society and refused to give the Brahmins any special status. He removed Brahmins from the post of Royal Religious advisers when they refused to perform religious rites for non-Brahmins. He appointed a young Maratha scholar in the post and bestowed him the title of `Kshatra Jagadguru' (the world teacher of the Kshatriyas). This incident together with the Shahuâs encouragement of the non-Brahmins to read and recite the Vedas led to the Vedokta controversy in Maharashtra. The Vedokta controversy brought a storm of protest from the elite strata of the society; a vicious opposition of the Chhatrapatiâs rule. He established the Deccan Rayat Association in Nipani during 1916. The association sought to secure political rights for non-Brahmins and invite their equal participation in politics. Shahuji was influenced by the works of Jyotiba Phule, and he long patronized the Satya Shodhak Samaj, formed by Phule. In his later life, he, however, moved towards the Arya Samaj.
Chhatrapati Shahu made great efforts to abolish the concept of caste segregation and untouchability. He introduced (perhaps the first known) reservation system in government jobs for untouchable castes. His Royal Decree ordering his subjects to treat every member of the society as equal and granting the untouchables equal access to public utilities like wells and ponds, as well as establishments like schools and hospitals. He legalised inter-caste marriages and made a lot of efforts for the upliftment of the dalits. He discontinued the hereditary transfer of titles and tenures of revenue collectors (Kulkarni), a caste infamous for exploiting the masses, especially enslavement of the Mahars, a lower caste.
The Chhatrapati also worked towards betterment of the conditions of women in his empire. He established schools to educate the women, and also spoke vociferously on the topic of women education. He introduced a law banning the Devadsi Pratha, the practice of offering girls to God, which essentially led to exploitation of the girls in the hands of the Clergy. He legalised widow remarriages in 1917 and made efforts towards stopping child marriages.
He introduced a number of projects that enabled his subjects to self-sustain in their chosen professions. The Shahu Chhatrapati Spinning and Weaving Mill, dedicated market places, establishment of co-operative societies for farmers were introduced by the Chhatrapati to alleviate his subjects from middle men in trading. He made credits available to farmers looking to buy equipment to modernise agricultural practices and even established the King Edward Agricultural Institute to teach the farmers to increase crop yield and related technologies. He initiated the Radhanagari Dam on February 18, 1907 and the project was completed in 1935. The dam stands testament to Chhatrapati Shahuâs vision towards the welfare of his subjects and made Kolhapur self-sufficient in water.
He was a great patron of art and culture and encouraged artists from music and fine arts. He supported writers and researchers in their endeavours. He installed gymnasiums and wrestling pitches and highlighted the importance of health consciousness among the youth.Â
His seminal contribution in social, political, educational, agricultural and cultural spheres earned him the title of Rajarshi, which was bestowed upon him by the Kurmi warrior community of Kanpur.
Association with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Chhatrapati was introduced to Bhimrao Ambedkar by artists Dattoba Pawar and Dittoba Dalvi. The King was greatly impressed by the great intellect of young Bhimrao and his revolutionary ideas regarding untouchability. The two met a number of times during 1917-1921 and went over possible ways to abolish the negatives of caste segregation. Together they organised a conference for the betterment of the untouchables during March 21-22, 1920 and Chhatrapati made Dr. Ambedkar the Chairman as he believed that Dr. Ambedkar was the leader who would work for the amelioration of the segregated segments of the society. He even donated Rs. 2,500 to Dr. Ambedkar when he started his newspaper âMooknayakâ on January 31, 1921, and contributed morelater for the same cause. Their association lasted till the Chhartapatiâs death in 1922.
Due to his numerous altruistic efforts for the betterment of his subjects, he earned the honorary LLD degree from Cambridge University. He also received the titles of Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (G.C.S.I.) from Queen Victoria, Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (G.C.V.O.) from the Duke of Connaught and Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (G.C.I.E.) from the Imperial Darbar. He also received the King Edward Coronation Medal in 1902.
The great social reformer Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj died on May 6, 1922. He was succeeded by his eldest son Rajaram III as the Maharaja of Kolhapur. It was unfortunate that the reforms initiated by Chhatrapati Shahu gradually began to cease and fade for the lack of able leadership to carry on the legacy. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/153 | {
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am setting to work with a feeling of enormous creative
excitement" – wrote Khachaturian on the
1st page of the score of the ballet 'Spartacus'
in Jule 9, 1950.
On the last page the author's remark says: "The
work on 'Spartacus' lasted three and a half
years. I worked mainly in summer. On the whole, 'Spartacus'
was written in 8 months. I finished it in February 22,
1954. The entire music was written in Old Rouza in the
Composers House of Creativity. Aram Khachaturian."
How did the intention to write a ballet on an antique
plot arise? The idea belonged to a well-known theatre
critic N.Volkov. He – the author of libretto of
a number of ballets, including B.Astafyev's "Bakhchisarai
Fountain" and S.Prokofiev's "Cinderella"
– turned to "Spartacus" in 1933.
When composing "Spartacus" prior to his
50-year jubilee, Khachaturian was already a fully developed,
mature artist, the author of many remarkable works.
Volkov's libretto was providing for an extremely
beneficial material for the composer's inspiration.
Having the intention to create a ballet about Spartacus,
Volkov immediately rejected the idea of melodrama. He
was rather interested in the heroic style. He did not
set the novel "Spartacus" of Rafaello Giovanniolli
as the basis for the ballet's story. Poring over
ancient historians, Volkov believed only two of them:
Appian and Plutarch.
Khachaturian was preparing to creation of the ballet
"Spartacus" on his own way. He went on a
tour round Italy. There the composer studied antique
pictures and sculptures, saw Ancient Rome's constructions,
triumphal arches erected by slaves, gladiators'
barracks and Coliseum. He often went through the places
Spartacus and his comrades had used to pass. All that
evoked musical images. And, though the Spartacus's
rebellion had taken place in the far past – over
2000 years before – the story seemed extremely
actual to Khachaturian.
According to Khachaturian's words, he was preparing
to the creation of "Spartacus" for 3.5 years.
He faced many difficulties During the work on the ballet:
there were no folk or other music of Spartacus'
epoch, which the composer could use. However, he did
not even try to create the music of that epoch's
He wrote the music for "Spartacus" the same
way the composers of the past used to do, when they
turned to historical themes. Telling about the past
he skillfully kept his creative style and writing manner.
ballet is written in modern language, with application
of contemporary methods of the musical-theatrical form.
The main personages in the ballet are pictured with
specific and repeated musical themes. Except for individual
characteristics there are common and national ones,
as far as the folk is the main and leading hero of the
work. Such is the theme of Rome, the theme of oppressed
For the first time, "Spartacus" was staged
by Leningrad Theater of Opera and Ballet (now Mariin
Theater) on 27 December, 1956 (coreographer L.Yakobson,
conductor P.Feldt). Live sculpture groups used as an
art background for the pictures of the ballet were a
successful innovation of the stage director.
On March 12, 1958, at Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, the
distinguished ballet-master Igor Moiseev carried out
the long-awaited staging of "Spartacus"
(conductor Yu.Fayer). It was a grandiose and entertaining
performance. The audience was especially impressed by
the mass scenes where nearly whole ballet staff of Bolshoy
Theater was engaged.
1968, Y.Grigorovich staged the third production of "Spartacus"
in Bolshoi Theatre. He called it "a performance
for four soloists and corps de ballet". However,
this time Khachaturian's score sounded completely
in a new manner – freshly and contemporarily.
"If the sense of the new 'Spartacus'
should be expressed in one word, then I choose the word
'modernity'", – wrote the famous
Soviet ballerina Galina Ulanova. Under conducting of
Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Khachaturian's music acquired
new strength and highly tragic sounding.
It is the third, Moscow staging of "Spartacus,
that prompted us to review many of the ideas about Khachaturian's
work and the range of the variety of imaginary-emotional
spheres of human life, expressed in his music. It also
made us to hear many other compositions of Khachaturian
Kchachaturian was awarded the Lenin Prize for the ballet | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/154 | {
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Carnism: Why we love dogs, eat pigs and wear cows
Psychologist Dr Melanie Joy has been vegan since 1989. She explains why you can't be an ethical meat eater according to her theory of carnism
[Kashmira Gander](/author/kashmira-gander) [Comments]
Have you ever wondered why you want to pet your cat, but the idea of grilling Tibbles and eating her in a brioche bun with a few lettuce leaves and relish turns your stomach? And why if Tibbles were a cow, she'd already be dead in your fridge and destined for your dinner plate?
The answer according to Dr Melanie Joy, a professor of psychology and sociology at the University of Massachusetts Boston, is carnism. She coined the term to describe a belief system that she believes has convinced many of us that it's acceptable to eat some animals, and gut-wrenching to eat others - even if they are the pretty similar anatomically. Meat eaters and those who consume animal products including vegetarians use what she calls the Three Ns of Justification - normal, natural and necessary - to explain their hypocritical behaviour.
It's a system that's totally arbitrary, she says, and emphasised by the fact that that horses are eaten in France, dogs in some parts of South Korea and China, would never be seen on a menu in the UK.
To Dr Joy, there is no ethical way to eat meat or consume dairy products. And the ethical imbalance of carnism also feeds into the injustices in terms of race, gender and sexuality. If you can oppress living creatures, soon enough those feelings of superiority will be forced onto other humans.
We spoke to her about her own journey and why she believes most humans will eventually be vegan.
You've been vegan since 1989 when you got food poisoning from a burger. Tell us a little about your journey.
I turned vegetarian back in the '80s when there wasn't a lot of vegan awareness. People thought I was a crazy animal-loving hippie when I was just a vegetarian. A few years later I became a vegan. And like a lot of veggies I hadn't made the connection between animal products and cruelty because it's possible to hypothetically procure eggs and dairy products without harming animals. So I assumed that they weren't causing harm, and I was addicted to dairy products.
But I realised that the egg and dairy industries are brutal and disgusting. I couldn't continue to support that. But people looked at me like I had two heads. It's more popular now, although we're still stereotyped and there are a lot of misconceptions. My mother thought I wouldn't live to see my 30th birthday. Now she's 74 and has just become a vegan herself.
You've written about how carnism is linked to wider ideas of social justice, like feminism. Would you like to explain this?
They maintain themselves by doing two things: upholding a set of myths that keep the dominant system alive and create this mythology that legitimates itself. People use defence mechanisms that I call the Three Ns. They try to invalidate the counter system by shooting the messenger who is the vegan. My work looks into the psychology of oppression and how dominant belief systems are organised around oppression and concentring power in a group at the expense of others.
The way that is maintained is by continuing a wider narrative that validates it. These oppressive and dominant belief systems condition people to act against their core values of compassion and justice and to disconnect from their natural empathy. Carnism depends on maintaining a mythology about veganism and vegans and the central myth is that veganism is abnormal, unnatural and unnecessary. But vegan values are all of our values, and most people don't want animals to suffer so intensively and unnecessarily. Most people would be deeply offended if they were aware of animal agriculture and how carnism has shaped how we act against what we would normally be opposed to.
There was recently a
[KFC advert](https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjLxdXC3JDWAhVsJsAKHYwLBiwQFggvMAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Ffood-and-drink%2Fkfc-advert-the-whole-chicken-ad-tv-outrage-disgusting-fast-food-chain-a7859321.html&usg=AFQjCNG8he-tC28WjZ3WkBIEuAE8z0xiBQ) that caused an uproar because it showed a chicken strutting around a warehouse with the strapline 'the chicken, the whole chicken and nothing but the chicken'. Do you think this shows that people are offended by where their food comes from in general?
Absolutely. People recognising it as disgusting is a very good sign. It shows our consciousness is shifting. I live in Berlin and I'm from the US and when I'm in the UK and I say I'm vegan people say 'that's why you look so young and healthy' or 'that's great but I could never do that but it's good for you.' Perceptions are changing. More and more people are recognising that it's not necessary for people to eat animals and when we take away the justification for eating animals this choice takes on a new ethical dimension.
What do you say to people who believe that eating animals is wrong, but struggle with quitting?
In my writing I talk about something called vegan allies. The vegan message has always either been 'you're a problem or a solution' which limits the ability of 99 per cent of people to support a cause that many people would like to. It's important to see carnism and veganism on a spectrum.
Most people don't go vegan overnight. Encouraging people to be a vegan ally means they support the cause but aren't yet vegan themselves for whatever reason. Some of the people who have done most for the cause are journalists who interview me and get millions of views on their stories, or people who donate to continue our outreach work at
[Beyond Carnism](https://www.carnism.org). An ally is a person who uses their influence to help transform carnism.
I usually recommend that people who want to reduce their guilt move towards living as vegan as possible. What that means is different for everyone.
Do you think humans will ever stop eating meat entirely?
It seems clear to me as someone who has really studied social change and as a psychologist that veganism will replace carnism as the dominant ideology at some time. There is no reason to assume that trajectory will change. The question isn't whether but when. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/156 | {
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Maradona has vowed to fight on despite his side's poor form
Argentina are in danger of missing their first World Cup since 1970 after losing 1-0 to Paraguay - who have now qualified for South Africa in 2010.
Diego Maradona's side are one point behind fourth-placed Ecuador with two games to play and only the top four teams are certain to qualify.
The side in fifth face a play-off with the fourth-placed team in the North, Central America and Caribbean group.
Meanwhile, Chile were beaten 4-2 by Brazil but remain third in their group.
Striker Nilmar scored a hat-trick to lead already-qualified Brazil to a ninth victory in the South American qualifying group.
It was an 11th win in a row for under-strength Brazil, with coach Dunga being without Kaka, Lucio and Luis Fabiano because of suspension, while Robinho was out because of a muscle problem in his right leg. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/158 | {
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The Jenny McKean Moore Fund was established in honor of the late Jenny Moore, a playwriting student at GW who left, in trust, a fund that has, for more than 40 years, encouraged the teaching and study of creative writing in the English Department. It allows us to bring a poet, a fiction writer or creative nonfiction writer to campus, every other year. While in residence, the writer brings a unique experience to the GW community, teaching a free community workshop for adults along with creative writing classes for GW students. The fellow is known as the Jenny McKean Moore Writer-in-Washington.
The Jenny McKean Moore Writer in Washington
The late Jenny Moore, a playwriting student at the George Washington University, left in trust a fund to encourage creative writing. Thanks to the fund, the English Department is able to bring an established poet or fiction writer or creative nonfiction writer to campus, every other year, to teach a writing workshop for GW students and a free community workshop for adults in the larger Washington community.
Since 1976, forty-three writers have held the position of the Jenny McKean Moore Writer in Washington. Collectively, these individuals have:
- Published over two hundred book-length works of poetry, fiction, non-fiction, and drama.
- Received the highest honors in their field, including:
- The National Book Award
- The Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize
- The Robert Frost Medal for Lifetime Achievement from the Poetry Society of America
- The Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Best First Book
- The Coretta Scott King Award for Children's Literature
- The Emmy Award
- The Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction
- The Grub Street Prize
- The Hispanic Heritage Award in Literature
- The Hurston/Wright Legacy Award for Debut Fiction
- The Lambda Literary Award
- The Lannan Literary Award
- The Obie Award
- The PEN/Hemingway Award
- The Sue Kaufman Prize for First Fiction
- Multiple awards from PEN, the Poetry Society of America, and the Academy of American Poets
- Fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Radcliffe Institute, and the Rockefeller Foundation
- Served as the Poets Laureate of the states of:
- New Jersey
Marilyn Hacker 1976-1977
Marilyn Hacker is the author of fifteen books of poetry, including Separations; Taking Notice; Assumptions; and Love, Death, and the Changing of the Seasons. She is the winner of the National Book Award for Poetry, the PEN Award for Poetry in Translation, the Robert Fagles Translation Prize from the National Poetry Series, and the PEN/Voelcker Award for Poetry. In 2008, she was elected as a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets.
Susan Shreve 1977-1978
Susan Shreve has published fourteen novels, most recently You Are the Love of My Life (2012), and a memoir, Warm Springs: Traces of a Childhood (2007). She has also published thirty books for children, most recently The Lovely Shoes (2011), and co-edited five anthologies. Shreve founded the Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing program at George Mason University in 1980. She is also the recipient of a Guggenheim Award for Fiction, a National Endowment for the Arts grant for Fiction, the Grub Street Prize for Non-Fiction, among others.
Amiri Baraka 1978-1979
Amiri Baraka is the author of eleven books of poetry, including Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note, Somebody Blew Up America & Other Poems, and The Book of Monk, as well as numerous works of drama, fiction, and non-fiction. He is the recipient of fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Langston Hughes Award from the City College of New York, the Rockefeller Foundation Award for Drama, among others. He was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and served as the Poet Laureate of New Jersey from 2002-03.
Blanche Boyd 1979-1980
Boyd has written four novels: Nerves, Mourning the Death of Magic, The Revolution of Little Girls, and Terminal Velocity, as well as a collection of essays titled The Redneck Way of Knowledge. She has received fellowships from Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, the South Carolina Arts Commission, and Stanford University's Wallace Stegner Fellowship Program. She is also the winner of the Lambda Literary Award and the Ferro-Grumly Award for Lesbian Fiction.
Carol Muske 1980-1981
Carol Muske is the author of eight books of poetry, four novels, and two collections of essays. She founded the Ph.D. Program in Creative Writing and Literature at the University of Southern California, and recently completed her term as Poet Laureate of the state of California. She has received fellowships from Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, and a Library of Congress Award. She has also been a finalist for the National Book Award and the L.A. Times Book Prize.
Peter Meinke 1981-1982
Peter Meinke has published eighteen books of poems and short stories, including Lucky Bones (2014), The Contracted World: New & More Selected Poems (2006), Zinc Fingers (2000), Liquid Paper: New & Selected Poems (1991), The Night Train & the Golden Bird (1977), and the Russian-English poetry collection Maples and Orange Trees (2005). His collection, The Piano Tuner, won the 1986 Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction, and he has received two fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts and three prizes from the Poetry Society of America.
Lucille Clifton 1982-1983
Clifton is the author of thirteen works of poetry. She is the recipient of a Creative Writing Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, a grant from the Academy of American Poets, an Emmy Award, a Coretta Scott King Award, the Lannan Literary Award for Poetry, and the National Book Award for Poetry. Clifton was twice nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for poetry and served as the Poet Laureate of Maryland. In 2007, she won the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize and in 2010, she posthumously received the Robert Frost Medal for lifetime achievement from the Poetry Society of America.
Julia Alvarez 1983-1984
Alvarez is the author of How the García Girls Lost Their Accents, winner of the PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Literary Award, as well as four novels, three books of poetry, and three collections of essays. She has received grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Ingram Merrill Foundation. She is also the recipient of the Lamont Prize from the Academy of American Poets, the Belpre Medal, and the Hispanic Heritage Award in Literature.
Gloria Naylor 1984-1985
Naylor's debut novel, The Women of Brewster Place, won the 1983 National Book Award in the category First Novel. It was adapted as a 1989 film of the same name by Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Productions. Her work has been featured in such anthologies as Breaking Ice: An Anthology of Contemporary African-American Fiction (ed. Terry McMillan, 1990), Calling the Wind: Twentieth-Century African-American Short Stories (ed. Clarence Major, 1992) and Daughters of Africa (ed. Margaret Busby, 1992).
Rika Lesser 1985-1986
Lesser has published four collections of poetry, including: Questions of Love: New & Selection Poems; Growing Back: Poems 1972 to 1992; All We Need of Hell; and Etruscan Things. She was awarded the Landon Poetry Translation Prize from the Academy of American Poets, and received the Poetry Translation Prize of the Swedish Academy in 1996 and in 2003.
Lonnie Carter 1986-1987
Carter is an award-winning playwright whose work has been produced by The Yale Repertory Theater, the American Place Theater, Victory Gardens Theater, the Long Wharf Theater, at the first Asian-American Theater Festival in New York City (2007), at the Los Angeles Theater Center's Latino Theater Festival (also 2007), and at festivals abroad. He has received eight Obies, a fellowship from the Guggenheim Foundation, and two fellowships each from the National Endowment of the Arts and the Connecticut Commission on the Arts.
Richard McCann 1987-1988
McCann is the author of a work of fiction, Mother of Sorrows, which won the 2005 John C. Zacharis First Book Award from Ploughshares, an American Library Association Stonewall Book Award, and was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award. His book of poems, Ghost Letters, won the 1994 Beatrice Hawley and Capricorn Poetry awards. He has received fellowships from the Guggenheim and Rockefeller Foundations.
Bobby Jack Nelson 1988-1989
Nelson is the author of three novels, including The Last Station, Brothers: A novel, The Pull, as well as a work of non-fiction, Keepers: A Memoir. He has been a rancher, an oilfield roughneck, a prizefighter, a model, an ad man, and a gas station attendant, among other occupations.
Jane Shore 1989-1990
Shore is the author of five books of poetry: Eye Level, winner of the 1977 Juniper Prize; The Minute Hand, awarded the 1986 Lamont Prize; Music Minus One, a finalist for the 1996 National Book Critic Circle Award; Happy Family (1999); and A Yes-or-No Answer (2008), winner of the 2010 Poets' Prize. She is the recipient of fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the Radcliffe Institute, the Hodder at Princeton University, the Goodyear Fellowship at the Foxcroft School, and twice from the National Endowment for the Arts.
Pablo Medina 1990-1991
Medina is the author of eleven books, among them the poetry collection Points of Balance/Puntos de apoyo (2005) and the novel The Cigar Roller, which was a Book Sense Notable for 2005. He is the recipient of fellowships from the Rockefeller Foundation, the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the Oscar B. Cintas Foundation. He served as president of the Association of Writers & Writing Programs Board of Directors from 2005-2006.
Carol Maso 1992-1993
Maso is the author of five novels, most recently Mother & Child. She is the recipient of a Lannan Literary Fellowship for Fiction, a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship, and several other grants.
John Haines 1991-1992
Haines has published nine collections of poetry and numerous works of non-fiction, including his acclaimed Alaskan book The Stars, The Snow, The Fire. Haines received two Guggenheim fellowships, a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship, the Aiken Taylor Award for Modern American Poetry, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Alaska Center for the Book, and the Alaska Governor's Award for Excellence in the Arts. He was elected as a Fellow of the Academy of American Poets and served as the Poet Laureate of Alaska.
Linda McCarriston 1993-1994
McCarriston is the author of several poetry collections, including Talking Soft Dutch (1984); Eva-Mary (1991), which won Northwestern University's Terrence Des Pres Prize and was shortlisted for the National Book Award; and Little River: New & Selected Poems (2000).
Beverly Lowry 1994-1995
Lowry is the author of six works of fiction and non-fiction, including Come Back, Lolly Ray; Emma Blue; and Daddy's Girl, which won the Jesse Jones Award from the Texas Institute of Letters. She is the recipient of a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts and served as president of the Texas Institute of Letters.
Vikram Chandra 1995-1996
Chandra's first novel, Red Earth and Pouring Rain, won the 1996 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Best First Book. He is also the author of three other works, including Love and Longing in Bombay: Stories; Sacred Games; and Geek Sublime: Writing Fiction, Coding Software.
Cornelius Eady 1996-1997
Eady has published more than half a dozen volumes of poetry, among them Victims of the Latest Dance Craze (1985), winner of the Lamont Poetry Prize from the Academy of American Poets; The Gathering of My Name (1991), nominated for a Pulitzer Prize; Brutal Imagination (2001), a National Book Award finalist; and Hardheaded Weather: New and Selected Poems (2008). Recently awarded honors include the Strousse Award from Prairie Schooner, a Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Award, and individual Fellowships from the Rockefeller Foundation, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the National Endowment for the Arts. He is the co-founder of Cave Canem.
Daniel Vilmure 1997-1998
Vilmure is the author of two novels, including Toby's Lie and Life in the Land of the Living.
Anne Caston 1998-1999
Caston is the author of Flying Out with the Wounded, Judah's Lion, and Prodigal. She has received an Individual Artist Award from the National Endowment for the Arts, a Jay C. and Ruth Halls Fellowship in Poetry, and a Bread Loaf Fellowship. She was also the recipient of the Paumanok Award.
Dan Barden 1999-2000
Barden has published two novels: The Next Right Thing and John Wayne.
Tony Hoagland 2000-2001
Hoagland's books of poetry include Sweet Ruin (1992), which was chosen for the Brittingham Prize in Poetry and won the Zacharis Award from Emerson College; Donkey Gospel (1998), winner of the James Laughlin Award; What Narcissism Means to Me (2003), a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award; Rain (2005); and Unincorporated Persons in the Late Honda Dynasty (2010). He has also published a collection of essays about poetry, Real Sofistakashun (2006). His other honors include two grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and a Guggenheim Fellowship in Poetry.
John McNally 2001-2002
McNally is the author of three novels (After the Workshop, America's Report Card and The Book of Ralph) and two short story collections (Ghosts of Chicago and Troublemakers). He has written two books on writing: Vivid and Continuous: Essays and Exercise for Writing Fiction and The Creative Writer's Survival Guide: Advice from an Unrepentant Novelist. He has also edited six fiction anthologies on subjects ranging from superheroes to baseball.
Suzannah Lessard 2002-2003
Lessard is the author of The Architect of Desire: Beauty and Danger in the Stanford White Family; Dreamscape: Finding Our Way in a Time of Epochal Change; and The View From a Small Mountain: Reading the American Landscape. She is the recipient of a Whiting Award and the Mark Lynton History Prize.
Rick Barot 2003-2004
Barot has published three books of poetry: The Darker Fall (2002), which received the Kathryn A. Morton Prize; Want (2008), which was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award and won the 2009 Grub Street Book Prize; and Chord (2015). He has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Artist Trust of Washington, the Civitella Ranieri Foundation, and Stanford University, where he was a Wallace E. Stegner Fellow.
Joyce Hackett 2004-2005
Hackett is the author a novel, Disturbance of the Inner Ear. She is a recipient of the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize.
Dana Roeser 2005-2006
Roeser has published three books of poetry: The Theme of Tonight's Party Has Been Changed, winner of the Juniper Prize (University of Massachusetts Press, 2014), and In the Truth Room (2008) and Beautiful Motion (2004), both winners of the Samuel French Morse Prize (Northeastern University Press/University Press of New England). She has been the recipient of a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship and the Great Lakes Colleges Association New Writers Award.
Tayari Jones 2006-2007
Jones's first novel, Leaving Atlanta won the 2003 Hurston/Wright Legacy Award for Debut Fiction. Her second novel, The Untelling, was awarded the Lillian C. Smith Award for New Voices in 2005. Silver Sparrow, Jones's third novel, was an American Booksellers Association's number 1 "Indie Next" pick. She is the recipient of the Lillian C. Smith Award (2006), the United States Artists Collins Fellowship (2008), and the Radcliffe Institute Fellowship (2011), among others.
Ryan Van Cleve 2007-2008
Van Cleave is the author of nineteen books, including a young adult book about gun violence in schools called Unlocked, which received a Gold Medal in Young Adult Literature from the Florida Book Awards. He is also the author of the creative writing textbook Contemporary American Poetry: Behind the Scenes and the poetry collection The Magical Breasts of Britney Spears. In 2010, he published Unplugged: My Journey into the Dark World of Video Game Addiction, which was the first memoir on video game addiction.
Mary Morrissy 2008-2009
Morrissy is the author of three novels (Mother of Pearl, The Pretender, and The Rising of Bella Casey) and two short story collections (Prosperity Drive and A Lazy Eye). She was a Cullman Fellow at the New York Public Library, won a Hennessy Award for short fiction in 1984, a Lannan Literary Award in 1995, and was shortlisted for the Whitbread Prize in 1996.
Ed Skoog 2009-2010
Skoog is the author of three collections of poetry (Mister Skylight, Rough Day, Run the Red Lights). He is the recipient of Marble Faun Prize in Poetry by the Pirate's Alley William Faulkner Society, the Lyric Poetry Award from the Poetry Society of America, and a Lannan Foundation Residency Fellowship
Tilar Mazzeo 2010-2011
Mazzeo is the author of numerous works of narrative nonfiction, including The Widow Clicquot, a biography of Barbe-Nicole Clicquot Ponsardin, the eponymous founder of the champagne house Veuve Clicquot; The Secret of Chanel No. 5: The Biography of a Scent; Plagiarism and Literary property in the Romantic Period; The Hotel on Place Vendôme, the story of the Ritz Hotel in Paris during Nazi occupation; and Irena's Children, the story of Polish social worker Irena Sendler, whose efforts prevented the death of thousands of Jewish children during World War II.
Tim Johnston 2011-2012
Johnson is the author of the novel, Descent; the story collection, Irish Girl; and the young adult novel, Never So Green. The story, Irish Girl, won an O. Henry Prize, the New Letters Award for Writers, and the Gival Press Short Story Award, while the collection itself won the 2009 Katherine Anne Porter Prize in Short Fiction.
Bruce Snider 2012-2013
Snider has published two poetry collections, Paradise, Indiana, winner of the Lena-Miles Wever Todd Poetry Prize, and The Year We Studied Women, winner of Felix Pollak Prize in Poetry. A former Wallace Stegner fellow and Jones Lecturer at Stanford University, he was also the recipient of a James A. Michener fellowship from the University of Texas at Austin.
Molly McCloskey 2013-2014
McCloskey published her first book of short stories, Solomon's Seal, in 1997. Protection, her debut novel, set in contemporary Ireland, appeared in 2006. Her memoir, Circles Around the Sun, was published in 2011 and was named by The Sunday Times as its Memoir of the Year. Her short fiction has also won the RTÉ Francis MacManus Award, the inaugural Fish Short Story Prize, and has been widely anthologized.
Brando Skyhorse 2014-2015
Skyhorse is the author of a novel, The Madonnas of Echo Park, and a memoir, Take This Man. The Madonnas of Echo Park won the 2011 PEN/Hemingway Award and the 2011 Sue Kaufman Prize for First Fiction.
Kseniya Melnik 2015-2016
Melnik's debut story collection, Snow in May, was short-listed for the International Dylan Thomas Prize and long-listed for the Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award. She was a fellow at the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference in 2014 and at Hawthornden Castle in Scotland in 2016.
Melinda Moustakis 2016-2017
Moustakis is the author of Bear Down, Bear North: Alaska Stories, which won the Flannery O'Connor Award, the Maurice Prize, and was a 5 Under 35 selection by the National Book Foundation. Her story "They Find the Drowned" won a PEN/O. Henry Prize. She is the recipient of a Hodder Fellowship from the Lewis Center of the Arts at Princeton University, an NEA Literature Fellowship in Fiction, and a Kenyon Review Fellowship at Kenyon College.
Sally Wen Mao 2017-2018
Sally Wen Mao is the author of two poetry collections, Oculus, and Mad Honey Symposium. She is the recipient of several fellowships, including Kundiman, the Bread Loaf Writers Conference and the Shearling Fellowship at Black Mountain Institute in Las Vegas.
Cutter Wood 2020-2021
Cutter Wood is the author of Love and Death in the Sunshine State: The Story of a Crime. His creative nonfiction has appeared in Harpers and other publications. He was awarded a 2018 fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts.
Johannes Lichtman 2022 - 2023
Johannes Lichtman's debut novel, Such Good Work, was chosen as a 5 Under 35 honoree by the National Book Foundation. His second novel, Calling Ukraine, will be published in April 2023. His work has appeared in Tin House, The Sun, Travel + Leisure, Los Angeles Review of Books, Oxford American, and elsewhere. He lives in Washington, DC, and is currently the Jenny McKean Moore Writer-in-Washington at the George Washington University.
- Marilyn Hacker 1976-1977
- Susan Shreve 1977-1978
- Amiri Baraka 1978-1979
- Blanche Boyd 1979-1980
- Carol Muske 1980-1981
- Peter Meinke 1981-1982
- Lucille Clifton 1982-1983
- Julia Alvarez 1983-1984
- Gloria Naylor 1984-1985
- Rikka Lesser 1985-1986
- Lonnie Carter 1986-1987
- Richard McCann 1987-1988
- Bobbie Jack Nelson 1988-1989
- Jane Shore 1989-1990
- Pablo Medina 1990-1991
- Carol Maso 1992-1993
- John Haines 1991-1992
- Linda McCarriston 1993-1994
- Beverly Lowry 1994-1995
- Vikram Chandra 1995-1996
- Cornelius Eady 1996-1997
- Daniel Vilmure 1997-1998
- Anne Caston 1998-1999
- Dan Barden 1999-2000
- Tony Hoagland 2000-2001
- John McNally 2001-2002
- Suzannah Lessard 2002-2003
- Rick Barot 2003-2004
- Joyce Hackett 2004-2005
- Dana Roeser 2005-2006
- Tayari Jones 2006-2007
- Ryan Van Cleave 2007-2008
- Mary Morrissy 2008-2009
- Ed Skoog 2009-2010
- Tilar Mazzeo 2010-2011
- Tim Johnston 2011-2012
- Bruce Snider 2012-2013
- Molly McCloskey 2013-2014
- Brando Skyhorse 2014-2015
- Kseniya Melnik 2015-2016
- Melinda Moustakis 2016-2017
- Sally Wen Mao 2017-2018
- Cutter Wood 2020-2021 | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/159 | {
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Liverpool always knew they would face a period of adjustment this term, though they could not have envisaged it proving quite this painful. A third league defeat in four games has left them stewing well off the early pace, this game surrendered in its frenetic first seven minutes when
[West Ham United](https://www.theguardian.com/football/westhamunited) were rampant and the visitors merely dazed and confused.
The blur of tactical tweaks and substitutions thereafter hinted at a riposte for a while but
[Liverpool](https://www.theguardian.com/football/liverpool) never struck upon the correct blend. In truth, if this revamped squad are still becoming accustomed to each other's foibles then the actual team's constant shape-shifting even within games can leave them looking dizzied at times. A troubling injury list, the raised expectations from last term, a more onerous schedule incorporating Champions League football and the disruption caused by Luis Suárez's departure are all mitigating circumstances of sorts, but here they were eclipsed by West Ham's energy.
It had been at its most devastating in the opening seven minutes, but it was retained to the final exchanges on the counterattack. The final whistle was beckoning when Mamadou Sakho stretched and misdirected a header back in-field for the excellent Stewart Downing to collect. His pass inside Steven Gerrard's lunge and out of reach of Martin Skrtel was perfect for Morgan Amalfitano, whose crisp first-time finish across Simon Mignolet confirmed the hosts' deserved success. It was December before Brendan Rodgers' side lost a third league game last term. Life is proving far more sobering this time.
There is uncertainty in virtually all their play at present, with the forward line still seeking to tap in to Mario Balotelli's qualities in the absence of both Suárez and the injured Daniel Sturridge, their midfield too often overrun and the defence still rather makeshift in its composition. Goals are even being shipped at set pieces these days, a reflection that the clear physical presence they possess across their back line is not providing authority in the air. The manner in which James Tomkins was able to amble away from the ponderous Skrtel and above Jordan Henderson to nod Downing's free-kick back across goal 80 seconds in summed that up, with Winston Reid bundling the loose ball through Dejan Lovren on the line.
That was the first reward of a frantic start, a goal to settle the home side's nerves given they have choked regularly in this arena in recent times with only two previous victories since February, and West Ham duly threatened to run riot. Their ascendance was established in the centre, where Alex Song and Cheikhou Kouyaté provided the muscle to complement Mark Noble's busy industry. Downing operated at the tip of their diamond, looking every bit the player Liverpool had once considered worth £20m when prising him from Aston Villa, while Enner Valencia and Diafra Sakho split, galloped into the channels and stretched frazzled opponents. The latter's second was glorious, a delicate and deliberate chip arcing over Mignolet after Alberto Moreno had failed to summon a challenge.
Early indications are that West Ham have struck gold in the market this summer, with Allardyce even suggesting this team are "capable of going as far" as his Bolton side who regularly competed for European football. "Diafra's come in a bit under the radar because Enner Valencia had such a fantastic World Cup," he said. "But he scored 20 goals to help Metz win the French second division last year. The energy they've got, in and out of possession, terrorised their back four today. Kouyaté loves life, loves football, loves being in every day and he looks like being a fine players for us. We have nine new players, it's early in the season, and yet they've hit the ground running and are performing very well at this level."
Adaptation is proving more problematic for Liverpool's numerous new personnel, with the team's early lethargy in the face of such urgent West Ham pressing costing them dear. There was to be no prolonged recovery. The menacing Raheem Sterling, the only visiting forward to offer a display worthy of his reputation, had thrashed in from the edge of the area after Aaron Cresswell blocked Balotelli's attempt. But, having reverted to a back three and then introduced Adam Lallana at the interval to flood midfield, Liverpool could find no way through.
The nearest they came were a Balotelli snapshot and a close-range Mamadou Sakho header but West Ham would not wilt. Amalfitano's late reward confirmed only the London club's third win in 23 league meetings with Liverpool. "We know we weren't at our level," said Rodgers. "We know we have to do better.
"We were brilliant last season. But I would say that, at this point last season, we weren't playing to the level we were in the last three or four months of the campaign. People were asking me whether we'd score enough and we finished the season with 101 goals. We've got a bit of work to do, we know we weren't at our level. We'll go away and reflect honestly, and we know we have to be better."
Middlesbrough await in the Capital One Cup on Tuesday before Saturday's Merseyside derby offers another daunting test. There is no time for Liverpool to catch their breath at present. They can add that, too, to their list of problems. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/162 | {
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Race in South Africa: 'We haven't learnt we are human beings first'
Legal discrimination along racial lines in South Africa ended with the demise of apartheid but racial categorisation is still being used by the government for monitoring economic changes and continues to cause controversy, as Mohammed Allie writes from Cape Town.
The charge of fraud made three months ago against teacher Glen Snyman for ticking the "African" box on his application form when applying for a head teacher job in 2017 has highlighted the country's ongoing problem with racial classification.
Mr Snyman, who was defined as coloured (mixed racial heritage) by the apartheid government, subsequently had the charge dropped by the local authority but the issue the case raised has not gone away.
The Population Registration Act was the cornerstone of the apartheid policy that legalised discrimination. It was introduced in 1950 and divided South Africans into four broad groups - white, African, coloured and Indian - to enforce the minority government's policy of racial segregation.
It was repealed in 1991 as the country moved towards democratic governance in 1994 but racial classification is still very much part of the conversation in the country.
The government uses it to gather data to help redress the stark imbalances in income and economic opportunities that are a legacy of the official racism of the past.
But many in the country, including Mr Snyman, who founded the organisation People Against Racial Classification (Parc) in 2010, believe the use of the categories has no place in a democratic South Africa.
"The fact that the Population Registration Act was scrapped gives job recruitment officers, any government or private system, no legal right to classify any South African by race," he wrote in a submission to the country's Human Rights Commission.
'Use class, not race'
While acknowledging there are still huge imbalances that need to be redressed, Mr Snyman suggests that government should instead use a poverty measure to replace racial classification as a means of giving those in need a much-needed leg-up.
"The government doesn't have to know the identity of people by groups, they need to know the people who are in need of services, jobs or whatever the need might be.
"The government and private sector should deliver to all South Africans equally and not discriminate on identity," he said.
Ryland Fisher, a former newspaper editor who initiated the One City Many Cultures project in 1999 while at the Cape Times, agrees.
"If we adopt class as the marker for redress we will inevitably be able to benefit more black people," he said.
"Blacks are the majority in this country and they are also the majority of poor people in this country.
"If you say you will redress on the basis of class, a black person who has lived a life of privilege won't qualify for economic opportunities via the government's affirmative action policies."
During the 1970s when the anti-apartheid struggle was gaining momentum, and inspired by the Black Consciousness Movement led by famed activist Steve Biko and the South African Students Organisation, many among the disenfranchised - African, coloured and Indian - identified as black in a statement of solidarity in the fight to topple the apartheid regime.
'We regard ourselves as black'
And it is in this vein that Mr Snyman has received support from the country's largest teaching union, the South African Democratic Teachers Union.
"Many of us have made a conscious decision not to identify with the racial classification as prescribed by the apartheid regime. We regard ourselves as black, African, South African," says the union's Western Cape spokesperson Jonavon Rustin.
Pointing to a much more nuanced understanding of identity, he adds that "some people embrace the ethnic classification of coloured, Khoisan, African, Xhosa, Zulu, white, Camissa African, Korana African, Griqua, European, Afrikaner and so on."
But some make a distinction between a political or cultural identity and addressing the imbalances created by apartheid.
Zodwa Ntuli, South Africa's Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) Commissioner argues that as much as racial classification is an anomaly in a country trying to move away from its race-based past, regulators and government can only measure progress through statistics based on the old categories.
The impact of apartheid discrimination against Africans, Indians and coloured people, she points out, was so pervasive that white people continue to dominate the economy in terms of ownership and decision-making power.
But she stresses that "no-one in South Africa is permitted to use the racial or gender classification for purposes of excluding any citizen from enjoying the rights in the country - that would be illegal".
Kganki Matabane, who heads the Black Business Council, says that even though democratic rule is nearly 27 years old, it is still too soon to ditch the old categories.
"We need to ask: Have we managed to correct those imbalances? If we have not, which is the case - if you look at the top 100 Johannesburg Stock Exchange-listed companies, 75% or more of the CEOs are white males - then we have to continue with them."
As apartheid discriminated on the basis of race then that is the only way the problems can be dealt with, rather than looking at class, he adds.
"We can only have a sunset clause when the economy reflects the demographics of the country. Until it gets to that, it will be premature to talk about the end of black economic empowerment."
More on race relations in South Africa:
But in some cases the continued use of racial classification to monitor change has led to the hardening of the categories.
In the Western Cape, which has a large number of people formerly classified as coloured, there is a long-standing feeling among some that in an effort to redress the problems from the past, the democratic government has ignored their needs.
In Cape Town, a group of activists who identify as coloured, started a pressure group called the Gatvol ("fed up") Capetonian movement in 2018.
In an introductory video on the group's Facebook page, their leader Fadiel Adams explains that "all arms of government have declared an economic war on the coloured people", complaining that there are no jobs for members of the community despite them making up the majority in the area.
Mr Fisher, the former newspaper editor, said people who were classified as coloured were happy to fight alongside black people in the anti-apartheid struggle. But he blames the African National Congress (ANC) government for the sharpening of racial differences.
"What has happened in recent years is that the majority [in Western Cape] has decided to raise their voices and to assert their right to identify as coloured.
"The ANC didn't really take into consideration these kinds of nuances. They alienated people who identified themselves as coloured. What it meant is that these people… identified the kind of things that could affirm their identity as coloured people including things around culture, food, music and language."
He, and others, accuse the ANC-led government of not doing enough for coloured people, and instead concentrating on the national majority, who are officially classified as African, or black.
'We need to identify as South Africans'
Dr Saths Cooper, a clinical psychologist who was an associate of Steve Biko during his student days in the 1970s, argues that dominance of a racial identity has prevented the forging of a truly common identity.
"We haven't learnt we are human beings first," he says.
"We always put a colour, we put external attributes to it and then we put maybe language and maybe belief to it and that allows for further division. That narrative then perpetuates itself.
"We haven't given people enough reason to say we identify as South Africans."
Mr Snyman, through Parc, is meanwhile continuing the fight to outlaw racial classification. "We will take all steps, including legal ones to rid South Africa of this scourge that has once again led to discrimination against those who do not meet the preferred criteria of the present government." | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/164 | {
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SOLAPUR: The layer of dust on power looms that once produced the famous Solapuri chaddar will weigh heavily on Congress candidate
âs chances of a victory from Solapur city central constituency. Chaddar (used widely as bedcovers and bedsheets) production in this textile town has come down by 60-70% and skilled labour is hard to find, with no training hubs to keep alive power looms in this industry that Solapur owes its identity to.
The refrain here is: Former Solapur MP
[Sushil Kumar Shinde](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/sushil-kumar-shinde)
failed to leverage his positions at the Centre and state to protect or promote the industry.
Itâs a worrisome sentiment for the Shindes in Solapur with a drubbing in the Lok Sabha polls behind them and a difficult assembly poll round the corner. Considering the city is losing grip on its identity and key revenue source (textile industryâs contribution to Solapurâs economy is pegged at 30-40%), Pranitiâs future appears linked to textile units, woven into the strands of resentment against her and her father that may favour her rivals.
âThere were 8,000-10,000 power looms that produced Solapuri chaddar until a decade ago. Now, 3,000-4,000 are left. There is heavy duplication of our product in Panipat and Erode that produce cheaper, poor quality versions, but use the âSolapurâ logo,â said Shamsundar Ramkisan Rathi, manufacturer and exporter of the Solapuri chaddar and terry towels, a product many textile units now concentrate on after shutting their power looms. âThe original product is dying,â Rathi said.
âSolapur once had Asiaâs largest spinning mill. But it has no godfather. We made representations for a skilled labour development institute but nothing came of it,â said Srinivas Bura, founder and vice-president, Textile Development Foundation, Solapur.
Mill owners said that if Sharad Pawar is identified with Baramati and Vilasrao Deshmukh with Latur, why couldnât Shinde leave his mark on the constituency he held sway in for four decades. His popularity, or lack of it, was evident on Saturday afternoon when a supposedly big ticket campaign rally featuring former Union minister Ghulam Nabi Azad and Shinde drew less than 200 people. In contrast, political debutante in Maharashtra, Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM), drew an estimated 30,000 people at its rally, featuring MIM chief Asaduddin Owaisi, on Friday night.
Textile units account for an 85,000 to one lakh workers, a tangible vote bank. Around 50% workers are Muslims, a chunk MIM would hope to cash in on. âA good number of kamgar votes would go for the CPI (M) candidate,â said Raju Chikla, a textile unit worker, who cites poor wages and non-development of the sector as reasons why he educated his two children and sent them out of Solapur to work.
Taufiq Shaikh, who left the Congress to join the MIM, spoke of the development of minorities and backward communities, and promised to take it beyond âtokenismâ that he blamed his former party of. âOur problems are the sameâeducation, unemployment, lack of industry. The textile industry has collapsed,â he said.
The chaddar enjoys Geographical Indication status, but like the Shindes, it is losing ground on its home turfâshops near Solapur station brazenly showcase fake versions. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/166 | {
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Google on Monday celebrated the birth anniversary of Bollywood actor Mary Ann Evans, popularly known as Fearless Nadia, with a doodle.
Nadia, an Australian-born performer, was an important part of the Hindi film industry in the 1930s and 1940s. In the course of her career spanning over 38 films, she made a name for herself as a talented actor who did her own stunts, and often portrayed the role of an Indian woman fighting injustice and saving the masses from oppressive rulers — a theme that went down well with the audience during the last leg of the British rule.
[Nadia, the fearless Khilari](https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nadia-the-fearless-khilari/article19433969.ece)
The young Nadia was introduced to the world of Hindi cinema by J.B.H. Wadia, the founder of Wadia Movitone, a production company and studio based in Mumbai that was known for its stunt and fantasy films. It is said that when no one was ready to distribute 'Hunterwali,' starring the blonde, blue-eyed Nadia, the Wadias took up the task. The film went on to become a huge box office success.
Before becoming an actor, Nadia had worked as a circus performer, which helped her in performing trapeze activities and other stunts on screen, says Dorothee Wenner, the author of '
[Fearless Nadia - The True Story of Bollywood's Original Stunt Queen](https://www.thehindu.com/lr/2005/06/05/stories/2005060500110200.htm) .' Calling her a "radical feminist actress," Ms. Wenner adds that "Nadia's success reached countries like the UAE, France, Greece and Italy, etc. In that way, she happens to be [India's first crossover actress](https://www.thehindu.com/mp/2005/03/28/stories/2005032801480100.htm) ."
In one of her last on screen appearances in
['Khilari' in 1961](https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/khilari-1968/article17359919.ece) , Nadia lifts up a man and throws him in the air — she was 53 years old then. Speaking about this in a TV interview in the 1980s, Nadia describes how, during a screen test, director Homi Wadia (whom she later married) asked her if she could lift a man. After she successfully did that, she says, he made it a habit of making her do it in every movie!
In 1993, three years before her death, her nephew and filmmaker Riyad Vinci Wadia made a documentary titled 'Fearless: The Hunterwali Story' which got much critical acclaim. Vishal Bhardwaj's 2017 movie 'Rangoon' is said to be loosely-based on Nadia. The Google illustration by Bangalore-based comic illustrator Devaki Neogi draws inspiration from the action movie posters of old Hindi movies to pay tribute to India's unconventional superstar. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/170 | {
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- Diarrhoeal disease is the third leading cause of death in children 1–59 months of age. It is both preventable and treatable.
- Each year diarrhoea kills around 443 832 children under 5 and an additional 50 851 children aged 5 to 9 years.
- A significant proportion of diarrhoeal disease can be prevented through safe drinking-water and adequate sanitation and hygiene.
- Globally, there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrhoeal disease every year.
- Diarrhoea is a leading cause of malnutrition in children under 5 years old.
Diarrhoeal disease is the third leading cause of death in children under 5 years old and is responsible for killing around 443 832 children every year. Diarrhoea can last several days and can leave the body without the water and salts that are necessary for survival. In the past, for most people, severe dehydration and fluid loss were the main causes of diarrhoea-associated deaths. Now, other causes such as septic bacterial infections are likely to account for an increasing proportion of all diarrhoea-associated deaths. Children who are malnourished or have impaired immunity, as well as people living with HIV, are most at risk of life-threatening diarrhoea.
Diarrhoea is defined as the passage of 3 or more loose or liquid stools per day (or more frequent passage than is normal for the individual). Frequent passing of formed stools is not diarrhoea, nor is the passing of loose, pasty stools by breastfed babies.
Diarrhoea is usually a symptom of an infection in the intestinal tract, which can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms. Infection is spread through contaminated food or drinking-water, or from person-to-person as a result of poor hygiene.
Interventions to prevent diarrhoea, including safe drinking-water, use of improved sanitation and hand washing with soap, can reduce disease risk. Diarrhoea should be treated with oral rehydration solution (ORS), a solution of clean water, sugar and salt. In addition, a 10–14 day supplemental treatment course of dispersible zinc tablets shortens diarrhoea duration and improves outcomes.
There are 3 clinical types of diarrhoea:
- acute watery diarrhoea – lasts several hours or days and includes cholera
- acute bloody diarrhoea – also called dysentery
- persistent diarrhoea – lasts 14 days or longer.
Scope of diarrhoeal disease
Diarrhoeal disease is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity in the world, and mostly results from contaminated food and water sources. Worldwide, 780 million individuals lack access to improved drinking-water and 2.5 billion lack improved sanitation. Diarrhoea due to infection is widespread throughout developing countries.
In low-income countries, children under 3 years old experience on average three episodes of diarrhoea every year. Each episode deprives the child of the nutrition necessary for growth. As a result, diarrhoea is a major cause of malnutrition, and malnourished children are more likely to fall ill from diarrhoea.
The most severe threat posed by diarrhoea is dehydration. During a diarrhoeal episode, water and electrolytes (sodium, chloride, potassium and bicarbonate) are lost through liquid stools, vomit, sweat, urine and breathing. Dehydration occurs when these losses are not replaced.
The degree of dehydration is rated on a scale of 3.
- severe dehydration (at least two of the following signs):
- sunken eyes
- unable to drink or drink poorly
- skin pinch goes back very slowly ( ≥2 seconds)
- some dehydration (two or more of the following signs):
- restlessness, irritability
- sunken eyes
- drinks eagerly, thirsty
- no dehydration (not enough signs to classify as some or severe dehydration).
Infection: Diarrhoea is a symptom of infections caused by a host of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms, most of which are spread by faeces-contaminated water. Infection is more common when there is a shortage of adequate sanitation and hygiene and safe water for drinking, cooking and cleaning. Among children under 5 years of age, the most common viral pathogens are rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus. Bacterial pathogens include Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Campylobacter spp., while parasitic pathogens include Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Entamoeba spp. Rotavirus and E. coli are the most common pathogens among children across all age groups, while parasitic pathogens, are prevalent in children aged 3–5 years. Bacterial pathogens, including E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella, were common in the children age 6 to 10-year age group, as were rotavirus, norovirus, and sapovirus. Location-specific etiologic patterns also need to be considered.
Malnutrition: Children who die from diarrhoea often suffer from underlying malnutrition, which makes them more vulnerable to diarrhoea. Each diarrhoeal episode, in turn, makes their malnutrition even worse. Diarrhoea is a leading cause of malnutrition in children under 5 years old.
Source: Water contaminated with human faeces, for example from sewage, septic tanks and latrines, is of particular concern. Animal faeces also contain microorganisms that can cause diarrhoea.
Other causes: Diarrhoeal disease can also spread from person-to-person, aggravated by poor personal hygiene. Food is another major cause of diarrhoea when it is prepared or stored in unhygienic conditions. Unsafe domestic water storage and handling is also an important risk factor. Fish and seafood from polluted water may also contribute to the disease.
Prevention and treatment
Key measures to prevent diarrhoea include:
- access to safe drinking-water
- use of improved sanitation
- hand washing with soap
- exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life
- good personal and food hygiene
- health education about how infections spread
- rotavirus vaccination.
Key measures to treat diarrhoea include the following.
- Rehydration with oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution. ORS is a mixture of clean water, salt and sugar. It costs a few cents per treatment. ORS is absorbed in the small intestine and replaces the water and electrolytes lost in the faeces.
- Zinc supplements reduce the duration of a diarrhoea episode by 25% and are associated with a 30% reduction in stool volume.
- Rehydration with intravenous fluids in case of severe dehydration or shock.
- Nutrient-rich foods. The vicious circle of malnutrition and diarrhoea can be broken by continuing to give nutrient-rich foods – including breast milk – during an episode, and by giving a nutritious diet – including exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life – to children when they are well.
- Consulting a health professional, in particular for management of persistent diarrhoea or when there is blood in stool or if there are signs of dehydration.
WHO works with Member States and other partners to:
- promote national policies and investments that support case management of diarrhoea and its complications as well as increasing access to safe drinking-water and sanitation in developing countries;
- conduct research to develop and test new diarrhoea prevention and control strategies in this area;
- build capacity in implementing preventive interventions, including sanitation, source water improvements, and household water treatment and safe storage;
- develop new health interventions, such as the rotavirus immunization; and
- help to train health workers, especially at community level. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/173 | {
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Delhi denies arrest of 'Indian spy' in Pakistan
India has rejected Pakistan's claims that it has arrested an "Indian spy" in the restive Balochistan province.
Pakistani authorities on Tuesday released a video in which the man is shown confessing that he was involved in spying activities.
"There can be no clearer evidence of Indian interference in Pakistan," army spokesman Lt-Gen Asim Bajwa said.
Delhi said the man was an Indian national, but dismissed spying charges and said he was "clearly tutored".
"Government categorically rejects allegations that this individual was involved in subversive activities in Pakistan at our behest," India's foreign ministry spokesperson Vikas Swarup said in a statement to media.
Mr Swarup added that India was "concerned" about the arrested man's well-being and added that "it is also relevant to note here that despite our request, we have not been given consular access to an Indian national under detention in a foreign country, as is the accepted international practice".
Pakistan officials have said the man was a serving Indian navy officer and was trying to "sponsor terrorism" in Balochistan.
"If an intelligence or an armed forces officer of this rank is arrested in another country, it is a big achievement," Lt-Gen Mr Bajwa said. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/176 | {
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India on Friday rejected Pakistan's claims that it had arrested a serving naval officer in Balochistan for what it called "subversive activities". In a statement, the Ministry of External affairs however, admitted that the man believed to be arrested was a former officer of the navy.
"The said individual has no link with Government since his premature retirement from Indian Navy," said the MEA statement, adding that India has now sought consular access to him. The government also denied the Pakistani claim that the former officer was spying, saying that "India has no interest in interfering in internal matters of any country and firmly believes that a stable and peaceful Pakistan is in the interest of all in the region."
According to documents released by Military intelligence sources in Pakistan, the arrested man identified himself as Kulbhushan Yadav, formerly a commander in the navy, who, Pakistan claims, was sent under deputation to the Research and Analysis Wing of the government to Iran. A passport (No. L9630722), purportedly belonging to the arrested man, showed his assumed name as 'Hussein Mubarak Patel', born in Sangli, Maharashtra, and living in Powai, as well as a valid Iranian visa in his name.
The details were shared with Indian High Commissioner Gautam Bambawale on Friday morning, when he was summoned by Pakistan Foreign Secretary Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhury, when Mr. Chaudhury lodged a protest with India.
However, officials denied that any documents had been handed over, and were able to verify the identity of the former Naval officer on the "basis of the name provided by Pakistan."
The arrested former official is believed to have been flown to Islamabad, where he will be further interrogated.
Pakistan lodges protest over arrest of 'RAW agent'
"The Indian High Commissioner was summoned by the Foreign Secretary and through a demarche conveyed our protest and deep concern on the illegal entry into Pakistan by a RAW officer and his involvement in subversive activities in Balochistan and Karachi," a Pakistan foreign ministry statement said.
Sources told The Hindu that during the conversation, Pakistani FS Mr. Chaudhury said that the arrest was in line with previous protests by Pakistan over what it calls Indian support to Baloch national groups, waging an insurgency in Pakistan. India has denied the charges of any involvement, but this is the first time Pakistan has alleged it has arrested a serving officer of the external intelligence agency R&AW.
The case has dominated Pakistani headlines after the details of the arrest of Mr. Yadav on March 21st were disclosed to the media. According to State Interior Minister Mir Sarfaraz Bugti, the arrest took place in the Chaman area near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border, and Mr. Yadav had disclosed his real name, and said he worked for the R&AW and the Afghanistan intelligence agency NDS. ""It has been our contention that RAW has been involved (in creating unrest) in Balochistan," Mr. Bugti told reporters on Friday.
According to intelligence officials in Pakistan, Mr. Yadav had entered Pakistan illegally through the border with Iran. While sources in the government said they had no information on why he would have crossed over from Iran, they said he was believed to be contracted privately with a construction project linked to the Chabahar port in Iran. Significantly, the arrest was announced on the day Iranian President Rouhani landed in Pakistan for a bilateral visit.
In India, military sources refused to comment on the issue. However one official, who didn't wish to be named, pointed out that the speed of the MEA statement acknowledging the identity of the arrested man indicated that India had been given prior information about the arrest.
It is understood that NSA Ajit Doval has been in regular contact with the Pakistan NSA Janjua, with unconfirmed reports that they had shared intelligence on terror inputs as well in the past two months.
The arrest comes a week before Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Nawaz Sharif travel to Washington to attend the Nuclear Security Summit on March 31st. While no bilateral meeting has been confirmed by either side, the arrest in Balochistan is likely to come up in future talks between both countries, officials said. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/180 | {
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QPR midfielder Stephane Mbia joins Sevilla on loan
Queens Park Rangers midfielder Stephane Mbia has joined Sevilla on loan.
The Cameroon international, 27, will spend the rest of the season at the Spanish side.
[joined QPR from Marseille](http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19434227) last summer, signing a two-year contract, while Joey Barton moved in the other direction on a season-long loan.
He went on to make 32 appearances for the London club, 24 of those coming as the club were relegated from the Premier League last season.
He is the seventh player to leave Rangers, either on loan or permanently, since they dropped into the Championship.
Christopher Samba, Djibril Cisse, Jose Bosingwa, Loic Remy, Esteban Granero and Park Ji-sung have all left in recent months.
[was fined by QPR](http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22454651) in May after a message on his Twitter account suggested he wanted to return to his former club Marseille.
Following QPR's relegation there was a message sent to Barton from Mbia's Twitter account asking him if he was interested in returning to Loftus Road.
It read: "
[@Joey7Barton:, external](https://twitter.com/StephaneMbia/status/331424416867172352) Do you want to rechange (sic) your seat with me?" | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/181 | {
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At his election rally in Sangli's Tasgaon Sunday, Prime Minister Narendra Modi referred to staunch Hindutva activist Sambhaji Bhide (Guruji) as one of his inspirations.
[Shiv Sena](https://indianexpress.com/about/shiv-sena/) President Uddhav Thackeray had earlier sought Bhide's blessings during election rallies Shiv Sena held in Sangli and [Mumbai](https://indianexpress.com/section/cities/mumbai/) earlier this week.
But even as both parties blame each other for a bitter divorce, Bhide said he was displeased with both leaders for not persisting with the saffron alliance in
A former Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) activist, Bhide is the founder president of the Shiv Pratishthan Hindustan, an outfit with sizeable clout in Sangli, Satara, and Kolhapur districts of Western Maharashtra. "I had called them both a couple of times urging to persist with the alliance. While they kept assuring me that alliance would continue, they eventually snapped ties," Bhide told
[the Indian Express](https://indianexpress.com).
Claiming that a division of votes between the former allies was "disastrous", Bhide alleged that the two snapped ties as they were blinded by power.
At the Tasgaon rally, Modi had said he had come to seek blessings of Bhide Guruji, who had been an inspiration during the early days of his life. Modi also reminded crowds that "at the instance of Bhide Guruji, he had visited the Raigad fort to gain inspiration from Maratha warrior king Chatrapati Shivaji, before accepting the responsibility of leading the
[BJP](https://indianexpress.com/about/bjp/) to power at the centre."
Interestingly, Bhide remained present of rallies of both the leaders in Sangli, while turning down requests to share the stage with the leaders. "I have never shared a political stage in my life," Bhide explained.
"The Mahabharata describes an instance when Vidur meets Gandhari with a request to step in to resolve differences between her sons Duryodhan and Dushashan. She, however, turns it down saying as a mother she did not know whose side to take and that both were useless. People like us are faced with the same dilemma now," he said.
Having dedicated his entire life to promote the rich legacy of Shivaji and his heir Sambhaji, Bhide also alleges that "all parties had made Shivaji an office of profit".
All political parties in tkhe state have been using Shivaji's name in their election campaigns to woo Maratha voters.
"Parties invoke the great leader's name during elections. He is conveniently forgotten thereafter. It kills to say his name is misused this way," Bhide further said.
The activist, however, says he would request the PM to translate the 'sacred texts' on Shivaji in all languages and include lessons in school curriculum to spread the word on the great ruler's legacy.
The Shiv Pratisthan Hindustan holds expeditions to various forts built by the Maratha warrior king as part of its efforts to preach his legacy.
Who is Sambhaji Bhide?
An MSc in Physics, Bhide originally hails from
[Pune](https://indianexpress.com/section/cities/pune/)'s Sabniswadi. He was earlier associated with the RSS, but parted ways following certain differences 28 years ago. He later founded the Shiv Pratisthan Hindustan, which promotes the legacy and history of the Maratha warrior king Shivaji and his heir Sambhaji.
A rabble-rouser, Bhide has substantial following in parts of western Maharashtra, especially among the Marathi-speaking youth. His outfit holds expeditions to various forts built by the Maratha warrior king as part of its efforts to propagate his legacy.
[Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)Subscriber Only [What is Project Nexus that RBI has signed up for?](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-economics/what-is-project-nexus-that-rbi-has-signed-up-for-9427023/)Subscriber Only [UPSC Key | New Criminal Laws, National Party Tag, Great](https://indianexpress.com/article/upsc-current-affairs/upsc-key-new-criminal-laws-national-party-tag-great-indian-bustard-and-more-9426331/)Subscriber Only [U'khand forest fires: Why villagers don't help the state in](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/uttarakhand-forest-fires-why-villagers-dont-help-the-state-in-risk-managemen-9424985/)Subscriber Only [In Bhopal, a race against time as new criminal laws](https://indianexpress.com/article/long-reads/bhopal-rule-book-new-criminal-law-malkhana-race-time-9425306/)Subscriber Only [The names behind the NEET paper 'leak'](https://indianexpress.com/article/india/the-names-behind-the-neet-paper-leak-9425128/)Subscriber Only
Despite 37 years passing since Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar parted ways, Salim-Javed remains one of the most celebrated screenwriting duos. Though many have speculated and tried to uncover the real reason for their split, it remains a mystery. Recently, legendary actor and Javed's wife Shabana Azmi commented on the writers' separation. She also opened up about dealing with Akhtar's alcoholism. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/183 | {
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You are here
January 29, 2007
Insight into Ethnic Differences
The gene varieties we inherit and the environment we've been raised in work together to shape who we are. But there's something else involved, according to a new study: how our genes behave.
Researchers recently discovered that gene expression could naturally vary between people. Since people in certain ethnic groups tend to be vulnerable to particular diseases, a research team led by Dr. Richard S. Spielman and Dr. Vivian G. Cheung of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine set out, with support from NIH, to compare gene expression between populations. To do their analysis, they turned to the International HapMap Project, a worldwide effort to catalog genetic variation between people through analysis of their haplotypes—sets of DNA differences that are inherited as a group because they're clustered near each other. NIH's National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is a major supporter of the HapMap Project.
The research team examined HapMap samples from 60 Caucasian people, 41 Chinese people and 41 Japanese people. To analyze their gene expression patterns, the scientists used microarrays, devices that can measure the expression of thousands of genes at once. They chose to focus on the expression of a set of over 4,000 genes. They reported their results online on January 7, 2007, in the journal Nature Genetics.
The team found that expression levels differed between the Chinese and Japanese people in only 27 genes. However, expression levels differed between the Caucasian and Asian populations in over a thousand genes—a quarter of those tested. A subsequent analysis of 24 samples from people of Chinese descent in Los Angeles showed that they were much more similar to the Chinese and Japanese samples than the Caucasian ones.
The researchers next used the HapMap databases to look for specific genetic differences that might explain the expression differences between populations. Their analysis suggests that the key lies in regions of DNA that serve to regulate how other genes are expressed. They didn't find evidence that the regulators themselves differed. Rather, what was different was how many copies of the regulators people had.
These findings about gene expression differences may help explain why people in different ethnic groups have varying disease risks. While some population differences have been tied to variations in specific genes, genetically-determined differences in gene expression may also play a role. Further studies of variation in gene expression will shed more light on the population differences seen in complex genetic diseases.
— by Harrison Wein, Ph.D. | eng_splitted_0.jsonl/186 | {
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