---
license: cc-by-4.0
language:
- en
tags:
- ambiguity
- relatedness
- language
pretty_name: Relatedness of Ambiguous Words in Context
---

# RAW-C: Relatedness of Ambiguous Words in Context

RAW-C contains relatedness judgments about ambiguous words in minimal pair contexts, e.g.,  
*"She liked the marinated lamb" vs. "She liked the friendly lamb"*.  
The dataset was originally published in [ACL 2021](https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.550/).

- 672 sentence pairs total  
- 112 words (2 senses each, 2 sentences per sense)  
- Annotated for **Same vs. Different Sense**, and for **Polysemy vs. Homonymy**
- Crowd-sourced **relatedness judgments**

## Dataset Format

**Main file:** `raw-c.csv`  
Key columns:

- `word`: Target word  
- `sentence1`, `sentence2`: The sentence pair being contrasted  
- `same`: Whether the target word has the same or different meaning across sentences  
- `ambiguity_type`: Polysemy or Homonymy  
- `mean_relatedness`: Mean relatedness score across human participants  
- `string`: The actual surface form of the word in context  
- `count`: Number of annotators  
- `sd_relatedness`: Standard deviation of human ratings  
- `dominance_sentence2`: Mean dominance of sentence 2 relative to sentence 1  
- `sd_dominance_sentence2`: Standard deviation of dominance ratings  

> Dominance ratings are included only for Different Sense pairs.

## Citation

If you use RAW-C in your research, please cite:

**APA:**  
Trott, S., & Bergen, B. (2021). RAW-C: Relatedness of Ambiguous Words in Context (A New Lexical Resource for English).  
*Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP 2021).*

**BibTeX:**

```bibtex
@inproceedings{trott-bergen-2021-raw,
  title = "{RAW}-{C}: Relatedness of Ambiguous Words in Context (A New Lexical Resource for {E}nglish)",
  author = "Trott, Sean  and Bergen, Benjamin",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
  year = "2021",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.550/",
  doi = "10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.550",
  pages = "7077--7087"
}