diff --git "a/chemprotgene/train_sentence_1000.json" "b/chemprotgene/train_sentence_1000.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/chemprotgene/train_sentence_1000.json" @@ -0,0 +1,14178 @@ +[ + { + "pmid": "10727715", + "text": "In the present study, we compared the pharmacology of (+/-)pindolol, WAY-100635 (a 5-HT(1A) antagonist), GR127935 (a 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonist), and isamoltane (a 5-HT(1B) antagonist), when given acutely in combination with fluoxetine, using in vivo microdialysis in the frontal cortex of the freely moving rat.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "5-HT(1A)", + "5-HT(1B/1D)", + "5-HT(1B)" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 83, + 91 + ], + [ + 117, + 128 + ], + [ + 160, + 168 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "8799556", + "text": "6. Data in this study suggest that the alpha 1 adrenoceptor mediating noradrenaline-induced contractions of human prostate, whilst having some of the characteristics of an alpha 1A adrenoceptor, cannot be satisfactorily aligned with cloned alpha 1A, alpha 1B or alpha 1D adrenoceptors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "alpha 1 adrenoceptor", + "alpha 1A adrenoceptor", + "alpha 1A, alpha 1B or alpha 1D adrenoceptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 39, + 59 + ], + [ + 172, + 193 + ], + [ + 240, + 284 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22619007", + "text": "Interestingly, Silibinin-induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells was independent of caspases activation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23619386", + "text": "Rapamycin inhibits proteinase and selected peptidase activities of the catalytic core proteasome at low micromolar concentrations.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "proteinase", + "peptidase", + "proteasome" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 19, + 29 + ], + [ + 43, + 52 + ], + [ + 86, + 96 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23493374", + "text": "Creb1-Mecp2-(m)CpG complex transactivates postnatal murine neuronal glucose transporter isoform 3 expression.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Creb1", + "Mecp2", + "glucose transporter isoform 3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 5 + ], + [ + 6, + 11 + ], + [ + 68, + 97 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23300287", + "text": "OBJECTIVETo evaluate the associations between adiponectin levels and 1) the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and 2) insulin resistance/sensitivity, β-cell function, and compensation indices in a prospective cohort representative of the general population of pregnant women.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "insulin", + "adiponectin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 139, + 146 + ], + [ + 46, + 57 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23127916", + "text": "This emphasizes the presence of mechanisms of resistance other than the receptor-related genotype, and the need of biological predictors to select the optimal therapeutic strategy, particularly now that other potent inhibitors are available.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "18381445", + "text": "Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors broadly used for the control of hypercholesterolemia.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 12, + 52 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "1332478", + "text": "Ritodrine initially inhibited labor contractions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "20573261", + "text": "IL-13 dependent remodeling parameters such as GCH and lung collagen were reduced.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-13", + "collagen" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 5 + ], + [ + 59, + 67 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23104244", + "text": "As measured by LC-ESI/MS/MS, GGT extracts (0-300μg/mL) showed no inhibitory activity toward eight CYP isoforms (1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4) in pooled human liver microsomes, suggesting that GGT may have low potential for herb-drug interactions mediated by CYP inhibition.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP", + "1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4", + "CYP" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 98, + 101 + ], + [ + 112, + 155 + ], + [ + 273, + 276 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23221868", + "text": "Rufinamide seems to have a better tolerability profile and could be a new alternative to explore for the treatment of neuropathic pain.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "19836445", + "text": "Screening for (anti)androgenic properties using a standard operation protocol based on the human stably transfected androgen sensitive PALM cell line.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17253779", + "text": "zRetSat A also saturated the 13-14 or 7-8 double bonds of all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinol (vitamin A2), a second endogenous form of vitamin A in zebrafish.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "zRetSat A" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 9 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23531536", + "text": "Oxidative stress is increased in the kidney of type 2 diabetic GK rats.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23414340", + "text": "Reduction of dimethylarsinic acid to the highly toxic dimethylarsinous acid by rats and rat liver cytosol.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10411647", + "text": "On phosphorylation of Ser40 by protein kinase A, the affinity for H4biopterin increased ([S]0.5 = 11 +/- 2 microM) and the negative cooperativity was amplified (h = 0.27 +/- 0.03).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "protein kinase A" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 31, + 47 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23127916", + "text": "Nevertheless, some patients with a potentially responsive genotype do not respond, and others develop a pattern of resistance to imatinib which is not associated with secondary mutations.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11401111", + "text": "BACKGROUND:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15635044", + "text": "Furthermore, a combinatory mutation (Pro(7.31)-Pro(7.32)-Ser(7.33) motif to Ser-Glu-Pro in EL3 and Leu(7.38), Leu(7.43), Ala(7.46), and Pro(7.47) to those of rat GnRHR) in gmGnRH-2 exhibited an approximately 500-fold increased sensitivity to GnRH-I, indicating that these residues are critical for discriminating GnRH-II from GnRH-I. [Trp(7)]GnRH-I and [Trp(8)]GnRH-I but not [His(5)]GnRH-I exhibit a higher potency in activating wild-type gmGnRHR-2 than native GnRH-I, indicating that amino acids at positions 7 and 8 of GnRHs are more important than position 5 for differential recognition by type I and type II GnRHRs.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GnRH-I", + "GnRH-II", + "GnRH-I", + "GnRH-I", + "GnRH-I", + "GnRH-I", + "gmGnRHR-2", + "GnRH-I", + "GnRHs", + "type I and type II GnRHRs", + "EL3", + "rat GnRHR", + "gmGnRH-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 242, + 248 + ], + [ + 313, + 320 + ], + [ + 326, + 332 + ], + [ + 342, + 348 + ], + [ + 361, + 367 + ], + [ + 384, + 390 + ], + [ + 440, + 449 + ], + [ + 462, + 468 + ], + [ + 522, + 527 + ], + [ + 595, + 620 + ], + [ + 91, + 94 + ], + [ + 158, + 167 + ], + [ + 172, + 180 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10411647", + "text": "Firstly, with the natural cofactor (6R)-Lerythro-5,6,7, 8-tetrahydrobiopterin (H4biopterin) a time-dependent change (burst) in enzyme activity was observed, with a half-time of about 20 s for the kinetic transient.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11089538", + "text": "Moreover, IGFBP-rP2 noticeably increased in response to TGF-beta1 and all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) in HPEC and PC-3 cells, and it decreased in response to IGF-I in HPEC.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IGFBP-rP2", + "TGF-beta1", + "IGF-I" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 10, + 19 + ], + [ + 56, + 65 + ], + [ + 157, + 162 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17378584", + "text": "Interestingly, the synthetic active site of hs mt LeuRS displays a high degree of homology with prokaryotic, lower eukaryotic, and other mitochondrial LeuRSs that are less specific.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "hs mt LeuRS", + "LeuRSs" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 44, + 55 + ], + [ + 151, + 157 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12956944", + "text": "Ethanol was given in drinking water at the concentration of 6 % (v/v), for one month.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17192395", + "text": "The identification of the succinate receptor SUCNR1 in platelets is of particular interest, because physiologically relevant concentrations of succinate were shown to potentiate the effect of low doses of a variety of platelet agonists.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "succinate receptor", + "SUCNR1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 26, + 44 + ], + [ + 45, + 51 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10839989", + "text": "We also included N(2)'-methyl H(4)biopterin, a derivative substituted at a position not directly involved in redox cycling, as a control.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23625750", + "text": "The effects of the adenosine A3 receptor agonist IB-MECA on sodium taurocholate-induced experimental acute pancreatitis.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "adenosine A3 receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 19, + 40 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "6146346", + "text": "A positive correlation was found between serum drug levels and % inhibition of histamine skin weal (r = 0.64, P less than 0.001).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23192350", + "text": "Gene silencing results are in agreement with gain-of-function experiments where all three fucosyltransferases conferred E-selectin-mediated rolling in HEK293T cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "fucosyltransferases", + "E-selectin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 85, + 104 + ], + [ + 115, + 125 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12110374", + "text": "We have earlier demonstrated that dopamine stimulates the liberation of the prostaglandin E(2)", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23435358", + "text": "[ARA: 20:4 n6], docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) by PFOA and PFOS were observed.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17409426", + "text": "Our findings shed light on a novel mechanism by which NSAIDs induce colorectal cancer apoptosis via the PPARdelta/14-3-3epsilon transcriptional pathway.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PPARdelta", + "14-3-3epsilon" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 104, + 113 + ], + [ + 114, + 127 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23220589", + "text": "The drug therapy of intoxication with OPC includes mainly combination of cholinesterase (ChE) reactivators and cholinolytics.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "cholinesterase", + "ChE" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 73, + 87 + ], + [ + 89, + 92 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17034586", + "text": "Cytokines may be crucially involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but it remains controversial whether interferon (IFN)-gamma, a typical proinflammatory cytokine, is an essential mediator to cause the disorders.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Cytokines", + "interferon (IFN)-gamma", + "cytokine" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 9 + ], + [ + 131, + 153 + ], + [ + 181, + 189 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11430635", + "text": "induces an increase in erythorcyte CA I and CA II activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CA I", + "CA II" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 35, + 39 + ], + [ + 44, + 49 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23386702", + "text": "Reversible inhibition of human carboxylesterases by acyl glucuronides.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human carboxylesterases" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 48 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23261590", + "text": "Further, activated microglia-mediated apoptosis of PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells was significantly repressed by neoechinulin A.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23118019", + "text": "Accumulating evidence supports a role for κ-opioid receptor antagonists in the treatment of mood disorders.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "κ-opioid receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 41, + 58 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23292797", + "text": "In this regard, we evaluate here the efficacy of Smo as it relates to the activation of G(i), by comparing Smo with the 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) (5-HT(1A))", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Smo", + "G(i)", + "Smo", + "5-hydroxytryptamine(1A)", + "5-HT(1A)" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 49, + 52 + ], + [ + 88, + 92 + ], + [ + 107, + 110 + ], + [ + 120, + 143 + ], + [ + 145, + 153 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23531488", + "text": "With a combination of in silico screening, promoter mutation in cell-based reporter assays, siRNA knockdown and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies, we identified a functional HNF4α binding site close to the transcription start site (-17 to -4 bp).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "HNF4α" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 177, + 182 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10988273", + "text": "In contrast, prazosin is ineffective.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11972613", + "text": "CysLT antagonists and TRFK-5 completely abolished blood and lung eosinophilia.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "7526860", + "text": "Keratinocyte growth factor and acidic fibroblast growth factor are mitogens for primary cultures of mammary epithelium.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Keratinocyte growth factor", + "acidic fibroblast growth factor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 26 + ], + [ + 31, + 62 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23043184", + "text": "When these inhibition studies were performed with the artificial oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide, CYP2E1 did not significantly inhibit CYP2B4 activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP2E1", + "CYP2B4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 98, + 104 + ], + [ + 135, + 141 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23578688", + "text": "To our knowledge, the unique type of prodrugs like 2, 28, and 31 was not reported in the past and could represent a novel prodrug approach for secondary amides, a class of molecules frequently identified as drug candidates.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23584857", + "text": "In situ hybridisation identified the ependyma lining the third ventricle as the principal site of torpor-related expression of Txnip.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Txnip" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 127, + 132 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10693877", + "text": "This randomized, double-blind study tested the hypothesis that rofecoxib, a drug that specifically inhibits cyclooxygenase 2, would cause fewer gastroduodenal ulcers than ibuprofen (in a multicenter trial), and its side effects would be equivalent to those of placebo (in a prespecified analysis combining the results with another trial of identical design).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "cyclooxygenase 2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 108, + 124 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16455797", + "text": "Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) is a key enzyme in the control of polyamine levels in human cells, as acetylation of spermidine and spermine triggers export or degradation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase", + "SSAT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 40 + ], + [ + 42, + 46 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23253172", + "text": "Acute stress has been shown to differentially modulate the aromatase enzyme in this and other brain nuclei in a sex-specific manner.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "aromatase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 58, + 67 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "20347047", + "text": "In the asthmatic model, AHR to methacholine was demonstrated in conscious, freely moving mice in vivo and in isolated trachea in vitro 24 and 72h after OVA challenge.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "OVA" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 152, + 155 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23297831", + "text": "Tunable morphology and mesophase formation by naphthalene-containing poly(aryl ether) dendron-based low-molecular-weight fluorescent gels.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "21712771", + "text": "The cDNA was sequenced, cloned into an expression vector, transfected into COS-1 cells, and cell protein was assayed for VMAT-1 activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "VMAT-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 121, + 127 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23253172", + "text": "How the physiological processes initiated during an acute stress response mediate sex-", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17593236", + "text": "Body weight modestly increased with sitagliptin relative to placebo (+0.8 vs. -0.4 kg; p < 0.001).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10434156", + "text": "It has been shown that by decreasing the overall cerebral quantity of 5-HT and NA, venlafaxine continued to have an antidepressant action in animal models.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "3345199", + "text": "A good correlation of the respective Kii values and the effective concentrations of these drugs was observed, indicating that an allosteric binding site of AChE might be involved in the protective effect of these drugs.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AChE" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 156, + 160 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23246732", + "text": "Western blot analyses showed significant effects of Pb exposure on DNMT1, DNMT3a, and MeCP2 expression, with effects often seen at the lowest level of exposure and modified by sex and developmental window of Pb exposure.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "DNMT1", + "DNMT3a", + "MeCP2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 67, + 72 + ], + [ + 74, + 80 + ], + [ + 86, + 91 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11792932", + "text": "A total of 12 oligospermic men had semen analysis before and during testolactone treatment with an increase in sperm concentration (5.5 versus 11.2 million sperm per ml., p <0.01), motility (14.7% versus 21.0%, p <0.05), morphology (6.5% versus 12.8%, p = 0.05), and motility index (606.3 versus 1685.2 million motile sperm per ejaculate, respectively, p <0.05) appreciated.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23374869", + "text": "Phthalide is structurally related to isatin and phthalimide and it is demonstrated here that substitution at C6 of the phthalide moiety yields compounds endowed with high binding affinities to both human MAO isoforms.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human MAO" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 198, + 207 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22902307", + "text": "The most suitable prediction model revealed an overall in vitro-in vivo concordance of 80% and 70% in the participating laboratories, respectively, and an inter-laboratory concordance of 80%.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23615073", + "text": "All these results demonstrate that vitamin C prevents CS(E)-induced NF-κB activation and thus it could be used for the prevention of CS-induced inflammatory diseases.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NF-κB" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 56, + 61 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23333261", + "text": "Drebrin, down-regulated by Sim2, was subsequently decreased as detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blot analysis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Drebrin", + "Sim2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 7 + ], + [ + 27, + 31 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15689518", + "text": "Furthermore, the activity of hSDH-PLP was assayed and it proved to show catalytic activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "hSDH" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 29, + 33 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22370641", + "text": "Epi increased both WNT6/Wnt6 and Cav1 expression in human GC cells and within the tumor area of a murine model of GC (CEA424-SV40 TAg).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "WNT6", + "Wnt6", + "Cav1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 18, + 22 + ], + [ + 23, + 27 + ], + [ + 32, + 36 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10988273", + "text": "The antagonistic property of rilmenidine at human alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors indicates that in contrast to the suggestion based on rabbit data, the hypotensive property of the drug in humans is not due to activation of alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors but other, presumably I(1)-imidazoline receptors, are probably involved.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors", + "alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors", + "I(1)-imidazoline receptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 44, + 73 + ], + [ + 216, + 239 + ], + [ + 262, + 288 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23557706", + "text": "Pharmacological doses of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reduce albuminura in diabetes.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "mTOR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 29, + 33 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23159790", + "text": "The cDNAs of the full-length version of Ves a 1s revealed that the Ves a 1 gene consists of a 1005-bp ORF, which encodes 334 amino acid residues, and 67- and 227-bp 5' and 3' UTRs, respectively.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Ves a 1s", + "Ves a 1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 40, + 48 + ], + [ + 67, + 74 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "20624440", + "text": "This protection was associated with a reduction in caspase 3 activation, a reduction in superoxide generation and a trend to ameliorate the fall in mitochondrial membrane potential.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "caspase 3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 51, + 60 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16851960", + "text": "Methyl transfer in glycine N-methyltransferase.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "glycine N-methyltransferase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 19, + 46 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19888514", + "text": "Tinzaparin binds to VLA-4 with affinity in the low micromolar range (4.61 x 10(-6) M), which clearly indicates specific molecular recognition.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "VLA-4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 20, + 25 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23543413", + "text": "It has been claimed that hCTR1, the human high affinity copper transporter, is the major entry pathway for cDDP and related drugs via a mechanism that mimics copper.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "hCTR1", + "human high affinity copper transporter" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 30 + ], + [ + 36, + 74 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23542126", + "text": "Catalase activity was significantly higher in survivors (238.8±51.5) than non-survivors (166.4±40.2; p=0.005), while protein carbonyls levels were significantly lower in survivors (0.32±0.09) than non-survivors (0.48±0.16; p=0.036) on the 1stday.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23631374", + "text": "d = 1.183 g cm(- 3).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "19836445", + "text": "Cytotoxicity was assessed in parallel as lactate dehydrogenase release.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "lactate dehydrogenase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 41, + 62 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23266719", + "text": "Basal secretion of all the cytokines was not altered by MWCNTs in PBMCs from both healthy donors and allergic subjects.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "cytokines" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 34 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23159790", + "text": "Moreover, the observed insertion of proline into the lid domain of the Ves a 1 structure is rare.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Ves a 1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 63, + 70 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23500776", + "text": "In the present study, 60 rats were daily exposed, during 28days, to oral ingestion of a mixture consisting of phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene at 0, 6 or 600μg/day.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23378624", + "text": "Median fasting proinsulin levels were 16.6 (IQR, 11.0-24.2) pmol/L.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "proinsulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 8, + 18 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23123771", + "text": "The orientation of the catalytic triad is also distorted in all the mutants.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16864089", + "text": "CONCLUSION:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23261645", + "text": "Jaspamide (jasplakinolide; NSC-613009) is a cyclodepsipeptide that has antitumor activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10847421", + "text": "A previous study suggested different abilities of various low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) to release endogenous TFPI, but the dose-response relationship was not determined.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10694244", + "text": "Troglitazone inhibited LTB(4) production by the supernatant fraction of RBL-2H3 cell lysate with similar potency to zileuton, suggesting that troglitazone inhibits LT production by direct inhibition of 5-LOX activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "5-LOX" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 202, + 207 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23454300", + "text": "Nanoparticles transported by DCs migrating from the site of injection to the local lymph node therefore needs to be considered as a new mechanism underlying the immunogenicity of virus-sized vaccine delivery systems.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16757355", + "text": "Sorafenib inhibited the kinase activity of both C-RAF and B-RAF (wild type and V600E mutant).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "kinase", + "C-RAF", + "B-RAF", + "V600E" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 24, + 30 + ], + [ + 48, + 53 + ], + [ + 58, + 63 + ], + [ + 79, + 84 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23179966", + "text": "The aim of this review is to provide a critical appraisal on serotonin-glutamate and serotonin-dopamine interplay to support the idea that next generation schizophrenia pharmacotherapy should not exclusively rely on receptor targeting strategies.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17390078", + "text": "Environmental substances seem to be involved in the etiology of breast cancers.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16494569", + "text": "A microbiologic assay was used to measure the level of total vitamin B6 (including phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms), in a blinded fashion.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23611293", + "text": "Twenty-two chemicals with known estrogenic activity were correctly identified for the majority (77%), missing only the weaker interactions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16597615", + "text": "The phenotype changes could potentially permit transient adaptation to hypoxia but also favor pathological processes such as tissue invasion.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23307557", + "text": "p300-mediated acetylation of TRF2 is required for maintaining functional telomeres.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "p300", + "TRF2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 4 + ], + [ + 29, + 33 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11071707", + "text": "To test this hypothesis, we determined, using in vitro methods, the neurochemical mechanism of action of amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), (+)-methamphetamine, ephedrine, phentermine, and aminorex.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "21475861", + "text": "Studies over the past decades suggest that, besides cyclooxygenases, aspirin acetylates other cellular proteins.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "cyclooxygenases" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 52, + 67 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10398211", + "text": "These results suggest that diabetic neuropathy may have an increasing vasopressor action with angiotensin II and this is likely to be the mechanism of NOS inhibition.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "angiotensin II", + "NOS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 94, + 108 + ], + [ + 151, + 154 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23640283", + "text": "In addition, the porous carbon coating infiltrated into the nanocable matrix endows the mat with excellent flexibility and enables robust, large-area (10 × 10 cm) fabrication, representing a significant advantage over previous brittle ceramic nanofibrous mat photocatalyst substrates.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23153456", + "text": "Herein, cellular IFNα/IL-22 interactions are investigated.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IFNα", + "IL-22" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 14, + 18 + ], + [ + 19, + 24 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17135600", + "text": "This study suggests that ABCA1 gene polymorphisms modulate HDL-C concentrations, in interaction with BMI, and, thus, they might influence cardiovascular risk in the general population.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ABCA1", + "HDL" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 30 + ], + [ + 59, + 62 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23406315", + "text": "Cellular protein labeling occurs only upon activation of two different promoters that drive expression of the N- and C-terminal fragments of the bisected MetRS.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MetRS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 154, + 159 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23360412", + "text": "GS-DCBN and its metabolites were detected in the nasal mucosa and nasal-wash fluid obtained from DCBN-treated mice, in amounts that increased with escalations in DCBN dose, and they were all still detectable at 24 h after a DCBN treatment (at 10 mg/kg).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12668769", + "text": "Our experiments confirmed that the GDC/SHMT and C1-THF synthase/SHMT pathways normally operate independently in Arabidopsis plants but that when the primary GDC/SHMT pathway is impaired the alternative C1-THF synthase/SHMT pathway can partially compensate for deficiencies in the synthesis of Ser.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GDC", + "SHMT", + "C1-THF synthase", + "SHMT", + "GDC", + "SHMT", + "C1-THF synthase", + "SHMT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 35, + 38 + ], + [ + 39, + 43 + ], + [ + 48, + 63 + ], + [ + 64, + 68 + ], + [ + 157, + 160 + ], + [ + 161, + 165 + ], + [ + 202, + 217 + ], + [ + 218, + 222 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23592839", + "text": "Loss of S6 kinases, but not 4E-BP family proteins, which are both involved in regulation of translation, attenuated the effects of rapamycin on the quality of newly translated proteins.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "S6 kinases", + "4E-BP" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 8, + 18 + ], + [ + 28, + 33 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23315277", + "text": "SiO(2) NPs (concentration range 25-200 µg/ml) induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both types of cells, which was demonstrated by cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assays.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "lactate dehydrogenase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 212, + 233 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19068776", + "text": "Therefore, naltrexone, which is useful for alcohol dependence therapy, may attenuate the rewarding effect of ethanol by interfering with the ethanol-induced stimulation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10401556", + "text": "The potency of RS-17053 (pKB/pA2's = 7.72-8.46) was not affected by lowering temperature, changing experimental protocol or inducing myogenic tone via KCl or U46619.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23104244", + "text": "Further studies are needed to identify the CYP regulatory component(s) from GGT and determination its metabolism.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 42, + 45 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23567959", + "text": "Significant cytotoxicity of hydrazone 16 against MDA-MB-231 was established by biologically study, the IC50 was 6.2 nM while the EC50 value to Lep 3 is 0.21 nM. Relative high antiproliferative effects of the acetate 12 and compound 16 against HT-29 were ascertained and the calculated IC50 values were IC50 - 0.85 nM and IC50 - 2.83 nM respectively.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11401111", + "text": "Australia-New Zealand Heart Failure Group.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23085095", + "text": "The herbs are always used with drugs such as paclitaxel.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23550066", + "text": "The Vmax and Km values for CYP2B6.1 were approximately 160% and 70% of those for CYP2B6.6, respectively.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP2B6.1", + "CYP2B6.6" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 27, + 35 + ], + [ + 81, + 89 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12606421", + "text": "In the present work, we have studied the ontogeny of the steady-state GnRH-R mRNA levels in pituitaries of male rats from Day 5 to Day 55, when sexual maturity is attained.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GnRH-R" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 70, + 76 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15562257", + "text": "When selectively applied to channels after inducing slow inactivation with a 60-s pulse to -10 mV, mibefradil (1 microM) produced 45% fractional block in Nav1.5 and greater block (88%) in an isoform (Nav1.4) that slow-inactivates more completely.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Nav1.5", + "Nav1.4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 154, + 160 + ], + [ + 200, + 206 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23298698", + "text": "Prostaglandin E2 attenuates airway pathology in asthmatic patients and exerts a protective effect in antigen-sensitized mice when administered systemically.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "2833901", + "text": "Calmodulin was relatively ineffective in preventing inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase by felodipine and the p-chloro analogue.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Calmodulin", + "cAMP phosphodiesterase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 10 + ], + [ + 66, + 88 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "21712771", + "text": "Antibodies to either the C- or N- terminus of VMAT-1 detected two proteins (73 and 55 kD) in transfected COS-1 cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "VMAT-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 46, + 52 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22872607", + "text": "However, AKR1A1*2 and AKR1C3*2 alleles did not influence AKR1A1 and AKR1C1-AKR1C3 mRNA levels.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AKR1A1*2", + "AKR1C3*2", + "AKR1A1", + "AKR1C1", + "AKR1C3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 9, + 17 + ], + [ + 22, + 30 + ], + [ + 57, + 63 + ], + [ + 68, + 74 + ], + [ + 75, + 81 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23194532", + "text": "Our study found that oral administration of green tea extract prevented CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by a decreased hydroxyproline level in the liver and a reduced incidence of hepatic fibrosis by histological observations.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16494569", + "text": "Total vitamin B6 is abnormally high in autism, consistent with previous reports of an impaired pyridoxal kinase for the conversion of pyridoxine and pyridoxal to PLP.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "pyridoxal kinase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 95, + 111 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23207409", + "text": "Due to their role in the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters, MAO-A and MAO-B present a significant pharmacological interest.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MAO-A", + "MAO-B" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 68, + 73 + ], + [ + 78, + 83 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12662154", + "text": "Northern blotting revealed differences in tissue distribution for both CPT1A and CPT1B transcripts compared with other species.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CPT1A", + "CPT1B" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 71, + 76 + ], + [ + 81, + 86 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "7832763", + "text": "These results demonstrate the ability to generate selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which could provide useful improvement therapeutically in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17479245", + "text": "Isolated islets displayed improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion after GRA treatment (0.061 +/- 0.007 vs 0.030 +/- 0.004 pmol islet(-1) h(-1) at 16.7 mmol/l glucose; p < 0.001), without affecting islet glucose oxidation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "insulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 54, + 61 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23531488", + "text": "We conclude that the major OATP2B1 protein form in liver is transport competent and its hepatic expression is regulated by HNF4α.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "OATP2B1", + "HNF4α" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 32 + ], + [ + 121, + 126 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14508322", + "text": "BACKGROUND:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16395286", + "text": "Dose-response effect of tetracyclines on cerebral matrix metalloproteinase-9 after vascular endothelial growth factor hyperstimulation.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "matrix metalloproteinase-9", + "vascular endothelial growth factor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 50, + 76 + ], + [ + 83, + 117 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23548896", + "text": "Structures of many SH2 domains have been studied, and the regions involved in their interactions with ligands have been elucidated.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "SH2 domains" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 19, + 30 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15561973", + "text": "The substituted succinate derivatives, malate, 2,2- and 2,3-dimethylsuccinate, and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinate elicited inward currents, whereas aspartate and guanidinosuccinate showed hardly detectable currents.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23423570", + "text": "Using cultured human keratinocytes and diabetic rat model, the current study showed that high-glucose environment enhanced IL-8 production via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) -extracelluar signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner in keratinocytes.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-8", + "epidermal growth factor receptor", + "EGFR", + "extracelluar signal-regulated kinase", + "ERK" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 123, + 127 + ], + [ + 143, + 175 + ], + [ + 177, + 181 + ], + [ + 184, + 220 + ], + [ + 222, + 225 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "2833901", + "text": "These observations suggest that felodipine may act directly on the phosphodiesterase as well as through calmodulin.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "phosphodiesterase", + "calmodulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 67, + 84 + ], + [ + 104, + 114 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23360412", + "text": "Thus, our data indicate for the first time that the human nasal mucosa is capable of bioactivating DCBN and that GS-DCBN and its metabolites in nasal-wash fluid may collectively serve as indicators of DCBN exposure and potential nasal toxicity in humans.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22580612", + "text": "MUC1-C interacts with EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), ErbB2 and other receptor tyrosine kinases at the cell membrane and contributes to activation of the PI3KAKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MUC1-C", + "EGFR", + "epidermal growth factor receptor", + "ErbB2", + "receptor tyrosine kinases", + "PI3K", + "AKT", + "mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase", + "MEK", + "extracellular signal-regulated kinase", + "ERK" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 6 + ], + [ + 22, + 26 + ], + [ + 28, + 60 + ], + [ + 63, + 68 + ], + [ + 79, + 104 + ], + [ + 163, + 167 + ], + [ + 168, + 171 + ], + [ + 176, + 215 + ], + [ + 217, + 220 + ], + [ + 222, + 259 + ], + [ + 261, + 264 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23456735", + "text": "Despite poor bioavailability (1%) when taken orally, insulin may produce symptomatic hypoglycemia with a massive ingestion.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "insulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 50, + 57 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23418674", + "text": "In conclusion, the developed HTS assay is a simple, rapid, stable, and specific method for the screening of PPARs natural agonists.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PPARs" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 98, + 103 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23397055", + "text": "The A2A adenosine receptor agonist CGS21680 (C23H29N7O6.HCl.xH2O) (0.001-0.1 μM) did not alter NE oxidation currents.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "A2A adenosine receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 22 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23625750", + "text": "The experiments were performed on 80 male Wistar rats, 58 of which survived, subdivided into 3 groups: C-control rats, I-EAP group, and II-EAP group treated with the adenosine A3 receptor agonist IB-MECA (1-deoxy-1-6[[(3-iodophenyl) methyl]amino]-9H-purin-9-yl)-N-methyl-B-D-ribofuronamide at a dose of 0.75 mg/kg b.w. i.p.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "adenosine A3 receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 166, + 187 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9015795", + "text": "Thus, the atypical neuroleptics appear to fall into two groups, those that have a low affinity for dopamine D2 receptors and those that are selective for dopamine D4 receptors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "dopamine D2 receptors", + "dopamine D4 receptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 99, + 120 + ], + [ + 154, + 175 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "1663395", + "text": "Whether this phenomenon is due to a direct transcriptional regulation of the TPO gene, as shown in dog thyroid cells, or to posttranscriptional effects, as it would appear in FRTL-5 cells, remains to be clarified by future experiments.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TPO" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 77, + 80 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "2855105", + "text": "LVP increased ACTH levels after both loperamide (from 48 +/- 17.3 to a peak of 95 +/- 21 pmol/l) and placebo (from 231 +/- 59.5 to 365 +/- 86.6 pmol/l): the interaction between treatments and time was not significant.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "LVP", + "ACTH" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 3 + ], + [ + 14, + 18 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "2833901", + "text": "The oxidized and t-butyl analogues exhibited no inhibition.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12671891", + "text": "Methionine adenosyltransferase II beta subunit gene expression provides a proliferative advantage in human hepatoma.\nBACKGROUND & AIMS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Methionine adenosyltransferase II beta" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 38 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17334708", + "text": "Xanthurenic aciduria due to a mutation in KYNU encoding kynureninase.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "KYNU", + "kynureninase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 42, + 46 + ], + [ + 56, + 68 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15673388", + "text": "METHODS AND RESULTS: Graded-intensity bicycle exercise testing was performed off drug in three patients and during oral quinidine in two patients with short QT syndrome and compared to a control group of healthy normal subjects.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14680444", + "text": "Its effectiveness appears to be maintained over many years.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23313557", + "text": "In Alexander cells, only when they were transfected with FXR+RXR, GW4064 caused up-regulation of SHP and OSTβ, and a down-regulation of CYP27A1.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "FXR", + "RXR", + "SHP", + "OSTβ", + "CYP27A1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 57, + 60 + ], + [ + 61, + 64 + ], + [ + 97, + 100 + ], + [ + 105, + 109 + ], + [ + 136, + 143 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17553661", + "text": "The alpha class human GSTA4-4 enzyme (hGSTA4-4) has a particularly high catalytic efficiency toward 4-HNE conjugation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human GSTA4-4", + "hGSTA4-4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 16, + 29 + ], + [ + 38, + 46 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16291873", + "text": "Block of human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) K(+) channels by otherwise useful drugs is the most common cause of long QT syndrome, a disorder of cardiac repolarization that predisposes patients to potentially fatal arrhythmias.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) K(+) channels" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 9, + 62 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23164673", + "text": "Our results showed that cinobufagin potently inhibited the proliferation of U2OS, MG63 and SaOS-2 cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "20104269", + "text": "These findings suggest that bile acids may induce gastric intestinal metaplasia and carcinogenesis through the FXR.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "FXR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 111, + 114 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "21475861", + "text": "(Review).\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12196163", + "text": "Biosynthesis of iron-sulphur clusters is a complex and highly conserved process.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23153456", + "text": "Using the viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and the IFNα/β antagonist B18R we furthermore demonstrate the capability of endogenous IFN to promote IL-22-induced STAT1 activation and expression of CXCL10.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IFN", + "IL-22", + "STAT1", + "CXCL10", + "IL-22", + "IFNα/β" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 134, + 137 + ], + [ + 149, + 154 + ], + [ + 163, + 168 + ], + [ + 198, + 204 + ], + [ + 206, + 211 + ], + [ + 55, + 61 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23316965", + "text": "A group of proteases, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are well known for their capacity to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins", + "matrix metalloproteinases", + "MMPs" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 104, + 139 + ], + [ + 26, + 51 + ], + [ + 53, + 57 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16278927", + "text": "Niflumic acid had the most potent inhibitory effect on 4-MUG with an IC50 value of 0.0341 microM.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22859660", + "text": "The study showed that fenofibrate did not attenuate increased blood pressure induced by PE, AII and ET1 but caused enhanced vasodilation by Ach, SNP and ISO.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AII", + "ET1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 90, + 93 + ], + [ + 98, + 101 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "7837275", + "text": "An experimental strategy based on solution viscosity perturbation allowed us to study the energetics of amide-substrates, p-aminobenzamidine (p-ABZ) and proflavin binding to the catalytic site of two proteolyzed forms of alpha-thrombin, i.e. zeta- and gamma T-thrombin.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "alpha-thrombin", + "zeta- and gamma T-thrombin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 221, + 235 + ], + [ + 242, + 268 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14638499", + "text": "The mutants did not show cross-resistance to any of the substrates of various pleiotropic drug resistance efflux pumps tested.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12907443", + "text": "Weekly subcutaneous decitabine produces cumulative increases in HbF and total hemoglobin through a noncytotoxic mechanism of action.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "HbF", + "hemoglobin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 64, + 67 + ], + [ + 78, + 88 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12003347", + "text": "In this review we aim to provide an outline of the various ways in which BH4 affects NOS catalysis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NOS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 85, + 88 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12727196", + "text": "The discovery of an inducible oxidase whose apparent substrate preference is spermine indicates that polyamine catabolism is more complex than that originally proposed.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "oxidase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 30, + 37 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23454300", + "text": "Virus-sized particulate adjuvants such as ISCOMs, polystyrene nanoparticles and virus-like particles have been shown to target dendritic cells, resulting in the activation of T and B cells in vivo.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23381951", + "text": "Development of a test that is quick, accurate, and cost-effective is warranted.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23125284", + "text": "The mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) is a multi-subunit enzyme that transfers electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen, yielding water.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "cytochrome c", + "mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV", + "cytochrome c oxidase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 126, + 138 + ], + [ + 4, + 46 + ], + [ + 48, + 68 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "18381445", + "text": "DNA affinity protein binding assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed the dissociation of HDAC1/2 and association of CBP, leading to the histone-H3 acetylation on the Sp1 sites of p21 promoter.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "HDAC1/2", + "CBP", + "histone-H3", + "Sp1", + "p21 promoter" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 102, + 109 + ], + [ + 129, + 132 + ], + [ + 149, + 159 + ], + [ + 179, + 182 + ], + [ + 192, + 204 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16864089", + "text": "RESULTS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12047490", + "text": "A comparison of the effects of nabumetone vs meloxicam on serum thromboxane B2 and platelet function in healthy volunteers.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16434489", + "text": "Computer modeling suggests that the KITD816V mutation destabilizes the inactive conformation of the KIT activation loop to which imatinib binds, but it is not predicted to impair binding of KIT by dasatinib.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "KIT", + "D816V", + "KIT activation loop", + "KIT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 36, + 39 + ], + [ + 39, + 44 + ], + [ + 100, + 119 + ], + [ + 190, + 193 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16920841", + "text": "Similarly, CHDH activity is highest in the liver and kidney, but the regulation of its expression by diet has not been thoroughly investigated.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CHDH" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 11, + 15 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23023136", + "text": "Resveratrol has been demonstrated to have efficient antioxidant and antineoplastic activities.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17611273", + "text": "Neither PND35 nor PND135 rats showed major structural differences with MPH exposure.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17020418", + "text": "These third-generation aromatase inhibitors are currently approved as first-line therapy for the treatment of postmenopausal women with metastatic estrogen-dependent breast cancer.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "aromatase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 23, + 32 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23395171", + "text": "These data demonstrate that Tmem64 is a positive modulator of osteoclast differentiation via SERCA2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Tmem64", + "SERCA2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 31 + ], + [ + 90, + 96 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "21631396", + "text": "These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the potential immunomodulatory activities of PSE and highlight their potential in designing novel therapeutic strategies to manage inflammatory diseases.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23580446", + "text": "Inhibitors of galectin-3 function(β-lactose, a dominant-negative form of galectin-3,Gal-3C, and anti-galectin-3 antibody M3/38) or collagen receptor-mediated platelet adhesion(revacept, a dimeric collagen receptor GPVI-Fc) prevented aberrant COX-2 expression.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "galectin-3", + "galectin-3", + "Gal-3C", + "galectin-3", + "collagen receptor", + "collagen receptor", + "GPVI", + "Fc", + "COX-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 14, + 24 + ], + [ + 73, + 83 + ], + [ + 84, + 90 + ], + [ + 101, + 111 + ], + [ + 131, + 148 + ], + [ + 196, + 213 + ], + [ + 214, + 218 + ], + [ + 219, + 221 + ], + [ + 242, + 247 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23305850", + "text": "Firstly, in the normal human renal epithelial HK-2 cells, the measurement of the expression of 30 previously reported NRF2 target genes in response to NRF2 inducers (sulforaphane, tert-butylhydroquinone, cinnamic aldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide) showed that the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C1 is highly inducible by all treatments.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NRF2", + "NRF2", + "aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 118, + 122 + ], + [ + 151, + 155 + ], + [ + 262, + 291 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23246732", + "text": "Since DNA methylation is regulated by DNA methyltransferases and methyl cytosine-binding proteins, this study assessed the extent to which developmental Pb exposure might affect expression of these proteins in the hippocampus.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "DNA methyltransferases", + "methyl cytosine-binding proteins" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 38, + 60 + ], + [ + 65, + 97 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23446230", + "text": "Here we investigated the effects of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated CYP2J2 overexpression on angiotensin (Ang) II-induced AAA in apoE-deficient mice.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP2J2", + "angiotensin (Ang) II" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 87, + 93 + ], + [ + 112, + 132 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23552851", + "text": "In this study, the role of autophagy and related signaling pathways during dioscin-induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells was investigated.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14600253", + "text": "= 4.1 pmol/mg/min, K(m) = 27 microM, and K(d) = 0.0064 microl/mg/min.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23435910", + "text": "Sinapic acid is a member of the phenylpropanoid family and is abundant in cereals, nuts, oil seeds, and berries.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23419638", + "text": "AhR-dependent reporter gene expression in transfected HepG2 cells was increased by pelargonidin in a concentration-dependent manner at 24h.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AhR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 3 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23293129", + "text": "This is the first report indicating the antigenotoxic activities of MEP against several mutagen agents such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, acridin and aflatoxin.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22634361", + "text": "Lu AF21934 did not produce antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension test (TST) in mice; however, it decreased the basal locomotor activity of mice that were not habituated to activity cages.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16395286", + "text": "In vitro, minocycline, but not doxycycline, inhibits MMP-9, at least in part, via the extracellular signaling-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-mediated pathway.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MMP-9", + "extracellular signaling-related kinase 1/2", + "ERK1/2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 53, + 58 + ], + [ + 86, + 128 + ], + [ + 130, + 136 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "6227474", + "text": "The distribution of both receptors in brain regions of adrenalectomized rats was determined.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23219339", + "text": "Oxymatrine (OMT) is a major bioactive component derived from Sophora flavescens Ait (kushen), which is widely used in Chinese medicine.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23644411", + "text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17000933", + "text": "The current results support the hypothesis of complex interactions among estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoid, androgen, and mineralocorticoid receptor signaling in cardiovascular injury and inflammation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoid, androgen, and mineralocorticoid receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 73, + 153 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23570914", + "text": "Treatment of C57 BL/6 mice with bleomycin increased fibroblast viability and collagen production and significantly downregulated Nrf2.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "collagen", + "Nrf2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 77, + 85 + ], + [ + 129, + 133 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15805193", + "text": "Phenytoin is principally metabolized by CYP2C9, and both are probable substrates of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP2C9", + "drug transporter", + "P-glycoprotein" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 40, + 46 + ], + [ + 88, + 104 + ], + [ + 105, + 119 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23046524", + "text": "Adverse outcome pathways during zebrafish embryogenesis: a case study with paraoxon.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17652426", + "text": "The resting zone and proliferating zone of the growth plate cartilage exhibited a simultaneous increase in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-incorporated proliferating cells and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated X-dUTP nick-end labeling-positive apoptotic cells, respectively.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "7711211", + "text": "The estrogenic agent 3 beta,5 alpha-NET and estradiol at a dose of 1.0 mg also inhibited the UG gene expression induced by P4.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "UG" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 93, + 95 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19337422", + "text": "In addition, tolvaptan is metabolized by the CYP3A4 system; thus physicians should be aware of the potential for increased interactions with other medications.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP3A4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 45, + 51 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23429912", + "text": "Here we show that treatment of urogenital sinus (UGS) organ cultures with known inhibitors of canonical Wnt signaling also inhibits prostatic bud formation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Wnt" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 104, + 107 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19780818", + "text": "Kvbeta3 is known to accelerate inactivation of otherwise slowly inactivating potassium channels under reducing conditions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Kvbeta3", + "potassium channels" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 7 + ], + [ + 77, + 95 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10493852", + "text": "We report here that lovastatin, a drug clinically used for lowering cholesterol levels, inhibits the interaction of human LFA-1 with its counter-receptor intercellular adhesion molecule-1.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human LFA-1", + "intercellular adhesion molecule-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 116, + 127 + ], + [ + 154, + 187 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23414340", + "text": "In summary, reduction of DMAs(V) to the highly toxic DMAs(III) in rats and rat liver cytosol is a GSH-dependent enzymatic process, yet its mechanism remains uncertain.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10561751", + "text": "Finally, mutations of the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCCT) are associated with Gitelman's syndrome.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter", + "NCCT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 26, + 74 + ], + [ + 76, + 80 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23347038", + "text": "In contrast, the simultaneous mutation of both M6P-binding sites is sufficient to impair all cellular functions of the receptor tested.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23643542", + "text": "CONCLUSIONS: Both Radix Glycyrrhizae and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata are effective against HRSV infection on airway epithelial cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22878908", + "text": "Cell growth, oleic acid uptake, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin production were measured.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "alkaline phosphatase", + "osteocalcin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 32, + 52 + ], + [ + 67, + 78 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17081103", + "text": "In conclusion, cGPx, PHGPx and GI-GPx have distinct roles, particularly in cellular defence mechanisms.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "cGPx", + "PHGPx", + "GI-GPx" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 15, + 19 + ], + [ + 21, + 26 + ], + [ + 31, + 37 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23301897", + "text": "The Mosher ester method was employed to determine the absolute configurations of 5-7, and the absolute configuration of the 9,10-diol unit of compound 8 was established by a dimolybdenum tetraacetate", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23582273", + "text": "Molecular docking was performed to position compound 7a into MetAP2 binding site in order to explore the potential target.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MetAP2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 61, + 67 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22445601", + "text": "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors'.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 50, + 82 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11936838", + "text": "Inhibition of MCP-1 and MIP-2 transcription and translation by mimosine in muscle tissue infected with the parasite Trichinella spiralis.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MCP-1", + "MIP-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 14, + 19 + ], + [ + 24, + 29 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23335025", + "text": "Excessive level of estrogen is considered as a main cause of breast cancer, therefore, many studies have focused on estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, even though ER-negative cancer has a poor prognosis than ER-positive breast cancer.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "estrogen receptor", + "ER", + "ER", + "ER" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 116, + 133 + ], + [ + 135, + 137 + ], + [ + 175, + 177 + ], + [ + 220, + 222 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17549299", + "text": "Platelet P-selectin expression and platelet-PMN aggregate formation were induced in all four activation conditions tested.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Platelet P-selectin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 19 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15963471", + "text": "Using the nucleoside transporter deficient PK15NTD cells stably expressing ENT1 and ENT2, it was found that troglitazone inhibited ENT1 but had no effect on ENT2.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "nucleoside transporter", + "ENT1", + "ENT2", + "ENT1", + "ENT2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 10, + 32 + ], + [ + 75, + 79 + ], + [ + 84, + 88 + ], + [ + 131, + 135 + ], + [ + 157, + 161 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23578688", + "text": "At a suspension dose of 142mpk (equivalent to 100mpk of 1), 2 demonstrated that it could overcome the solubility issue associated with 1 and provide a much higher exposure of 1.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16972995", + "text": "Brugada syndrome.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12955294", + "text": "We hypothesized that a similar effect in response time to sertraline would be observed and that no effect on response time would be seen in a placebo arm.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15843826", + "text": "Five myeloma cell lines produced varying amounts of VEGF, and migration of HUVECs was induced by coculture with myeloma cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "VEGF" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 52, + 56 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23543413", + "text": "However, we show that hCTR1 is not the major entry route of platinum-drugs and that the copper transporter is not internalized in response to extracellular drug.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "hCTR1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 22, + 27 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "7526860", + "text": "KGF stimulated growth was unaffected by adding heparin.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "KGF" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 3 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12184062", + "text": "By this mechanism, they induce similar pharmacological effects to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, resulting in a lowering of blood pressure (BP).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "angiotensin-converting enzyme", + "ACE" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 66, + 95 + ], + [ + 97, + 100 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23193186", + "text": "The cell cycle inhibitor p21 was significantly increased, whereas cyclin D1, a cell cycle promoter, decreased in sustained hyperglycemia compared with controls.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "p21", + "cyclin D1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 28 + ], + [ + 66, + 75 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23643542", + "text": "The effect of Radix Glycyrrhizae was better than that of Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata on HEp-2 cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12213829", + "text": "SUR-dependent modulation of KATP channels by an N-terminal KIR6.2 peptide.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "SUR", + "KATP channels", + "KIR6.2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 3 + ], + [ + 28, + 41 + ], + [ + 59, + 65 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23316965", + "text": "This review article will focus on growing evidence supporting the relevance of MMPs in hypertension and the effects of MMP inhibitors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MMPs", + "MMP" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 79, + 83 + ], + [ + 119, + 122 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17624589", + "text": "Our results suggest that GSTM1 and GSTP1 genotypes do not individually influence susceptibility to breast cancer or fibrocystic breast conditions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GSTM1", + "GSTP1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 30 + ], + [ + 35, + 40 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23636303", + "text": "Local citalopram (0.1-100 μM) into the LC induced NA increase in the LC (Emax = 210 ± 25 %) and decrease in the PFC (Emax = -38 ± 9 %).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23401474", + "text": "Additionally, on day 11 of both study periods, 150 mg caffeine (CYP1A2), 125 mg tolbutamide (CYP2C9), 20 mg omeprazole (CYP2C19), 30 mg dextromethorphan-HBr (CYP2D6), and 2 mg midazolam (CYP3A4) were administered orally.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP1A2", + "CYP2C9", + "CYP2C19", + "CYP2D6", + "CYP3A4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 64, + 70 + ], + [ + 93, + 99 + ], + [ + 120, + 127 + ], + [ + 158, + 164 + ], + [ + 187, + 193 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23422569", + "text": "In conclusion, impaired activity of SIRT1 induces endothelial dysfunction and up-regulates NADPH oxidase-derived ROS production in the vascular wall, mimicking the vascular aging phenotype.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "SIRT1", + "NADPH oxidase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 30, + 35 + ], + [ + 85, + 98 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17661345", + "text": "These findings show discordance between modulations of expression of two distinct enzymes utilizing tryptophan as a common substrate, and raise the possibility of their involvement in regulating immune responses in various neurological disorders.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23458730", + "text": "Baicalin has been shown to possess many pharmacological effects, including antiviral, antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10606746", + "text": "The tertiary amine group of GAL does not interact closely with Trp-84; rather, the double bond of its cyclohexene ring stacks against the indole ring.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23587649", + "text": "Using field potential recordings in CA3 of adult heterozygous BDNF knockout (ko, BDNF+/-) mice we observed impaired (∼50%)", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "BDNF", + "BDNF" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 62, + 66 + ], + [ + 81, + 85 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10690753", + "text": "The higher affinity of felbamate block of NMDA receptors containing the NR2B subunit could be accounted for by more rapid association and slower dissociation from these sites.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NMDA receptors", + "NR2B" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 42, + 56 + ], + [ + 72, + 76 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12123767", + "text": "The M1766L mutation was engineered into the hH1a clone by site-directed mutagenesis, transfected into embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293), and studied by voltage clamp.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "M1766L" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 4, + 10 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9466983", + "text": "In contrast, two low molecular weight heparins currently considered as clinical replacements for unfractionated heparin are much poorer inhibitors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14967461", + "text": "Preclinical models have demonstrated synergy for all these agents in combination with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy, leading to great enthusiasm regarding their ultimate contribution to lung cancer therapy.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22537794", + "text": "BACKGROUND: (+/-)-Modafinil has piqued interest as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and stimulant dependence.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23192350", + "text": "Silencing α1,3-fucosyltransferases in human leukocytes reveals a role for FUT9 enzyme during E-selectin-mediated cell adhesion.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "α1,3-fucosyltransferases", + "FUT9", + "E-selectin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 10, + 34 + ], + [ + 74, + 78 + ], + [ + 93, + 103 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17919259", + "text": "Infusion site reaction is the most common reason for discontinuation of the drug.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10891536", + "text": "When cells were incubated with the 3 drugs for 72 h, the resistance ratio to parental DLD-1 human colorectal tumor cells was 65.2 for DLD-1/5-FU, 9.7 for DLD-1/FdUrd and 448.6 for DLD-1/F3(d)Thd cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "8894610", + "text": "(+/-)-Tamsulosin effectively antagonized the positive inotropic effect of phenylephrine even after inactivation of alpha 1B-adrenoceptors by treatment with chlorethylclonidine, which is an indication that the (+/-)-tamsulosin-sensitive subtype belongs to a class resistant to chlorethylclonidine.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "alpha 1B-adrenoceptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 115, + 137 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23123646", + "text": "K(ATP) channels are ubiquitously expressed in neurons located in different regions of the brain, including the hippocampus and cortex.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "K(ATP) channels" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 15 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23500772", + "text": "Activation of ALDH2 with ethanol attenuates diabetes induced myocardial injury in rats.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ALDH2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 14, + 19 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22972179", + "text": "(4E-BP1).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "4E-BP1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 1, + 7 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15132128", + "text": "The fluoropyrimidine carbamate (capecitabine) is converted to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by thymidine phosphorylase (TP) inside target tissues.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TP", + "thymidine phosphorylase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 112, + 114 + ], + [ + 87, + 110 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22899102", + "text": "The results indicate that the glutathione conjugates of BPDE are formed and excreted mainly to the apical and to a minor extent to the basolateral side of polarized Caco-2 monolayers.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17597612", + "text": "We tested this hypothesis by measuring indices of HPA (circulating corticosterone; CORT) and SNS function (norepinephrine (NE) in spleen) as well as antigen-specific antibody synthesis against an exogenous non-self protein following high- or low-level SCI.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12955294", + "text": "No significant difference was observed in the placebo group.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23294255", + "text": "The most potent inhibitor 8 binds to plasmin with an inhibition constant of 0.2 nM, whereas K(i) values >1", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "plasmin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 37, + 44 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10444166", + "text": "There was a profound accumulation defect of all nucleoside analogues in the resistant variants but no significant defect in nucleoside transport in any of the variants.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23550066", + "text": "The degree of inhibition was significantly reduced in HLMs with the CYP2B6*6 allele (gene-dose P<0.05).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP2B6*6" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 66, + 74 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17000933", + "text": "To address this issue and taking into account that effects of synthetic progestins are not only referable to action through the progesterone receptor but may also be mediated by other steroid receptors, we characterized cardiovascular function and inflammatory gene expression in aldosterone salt-treated rats on long-term administration of 17beta-estradiol, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and drospirenone, a new progestogen exhibiting antimineralocorticoid activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "progesterone receptor", + "steroid receptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 128, + 149 + ], + [ + 184, + 201 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19683471", + "text": "Moreover, IKKbeta/NF-kappaB and JNK1 pathways in myeloid cells represent a core mechanism involved in inflammation linked to obesity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IKKbeta", + "NF-kappaB", + "JNK1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 10, + 17 + ], + [ + 18, + 27 + ], + [ + 32, + 36 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23521080", + "text": "Potent fibrinolysis inhibitor discovered by shape and electrostatic complementarity to the drug tranexamic Acid.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15078100", + "text": "In contrast, the inhibitors quinacrine and chloroquine bind exclusively to the reduced enzyme.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10373451", + "text": "PDE10A represents a new member of the PDE superfamily, exhibiting unique kinetic properties and inhibitor sensitivity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PDE10A", + "PDE" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 6 + ], + [ + 38, + 41 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23357976", + "text": "We investigated the association of HSD11B2 variant with glucose homeostasis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "HSD11B2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 34, + 41 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "20421509", + "text": "Together these studies support a unique mode of inhibition in which phenothiazines disrupt the S100A4/myosin-IIA interaction by sequestering S100A4 via small molecule-induced oligomerization.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "S100A4", + "myosin-IIA", + "S100A4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 95, + 101 + ], + [ + 102, + 112 + ], + [ + 141, + 147 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23583884", + "text": "This initial action was accompanied by up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an important inflammation marker within 1h after TCDD treatment.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "cyclooxygenase-2", + "COX-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 55, + 71 + ], + [ + 73, + 78 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16840830", + "text": "In conclusion, we have identified 2 novel missense mutations in the MEN1 gene.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MEN1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 68, + 72 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12517247", + "text": "Eprosartan is safe, effective and well-tolerated in long-term treatment, either as a monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs such as hydrochlorothiazide.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "9015795", + "text": "These values are here given for dopamine D2 and D4 receptors, as well as for serotonin 5-HT2A receptors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "dopamine D2 and D4 receptors", + "serotonin 5-HT2A receptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 32, + 60 + ], + [ + 77, + 103 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23380082", + "text": "Use of the Combination Index to determine interactions between plant-derived phenolic acids on hepatotoxicity endpoints in human and rat hepatoma cells.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23305949", + "text": "Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) resolves transcription-associated supercoils by generating transient single-strand breaks in DNA.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Topoisomerase 1", + "Top1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 15 + ], + [ + 17, + 21 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23601753", + "text": "The tetra-aspartate motif in the trypsinogen activation peptide binds calcium (KD ~1.6 mM), which stimulates autoactivation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "tetra-aspartate motif" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 4, + 25 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22445601", + "text": "These results confirm the selective mGlu2 agonist and mGlu3 antagonist actions of LY541850.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "mGlu2", + "mGlu3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 36, + 41 + ], + [ + 54, + 59 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23580257", + "text": "� 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23223345", + "text": "Weight was held constant throughout the study.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "6146346", + "text": "The absence of effect on nasal blockage was confirmed by parallel measurement of nasal calibre by body plethysmography.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "8302852", + "text": "Interestingly, the pharmacological properties of dSERT1, including sensitivity to antidepressants, are more similar to those of mammalian catecholamine transporters than to mammalian 5HT transporters.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "dSERT1", + "mammalian catecholamine transporters", + "mammalian 5HT transporters" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 49, + 55 + ], + [ + 128, + 164 + ], + [ + 173, + 199 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23453039", + "text": "Regucalcin reveals insulin resistance in liver cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Regucalcin", + "insulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 10 + ], + [ + 19, + 26 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23535394", + "text": "Saxitoxin and its derivatives, collectively referred to as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are unique among neurotoxins in that they are found in both marine and freshwater environments by organisms inhabiting two kingdoms of life.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "9094999", + "text": "FGFs signal through transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases, but heparan sulfate is also required for signaling by members of the FGF family.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "FGFs", + "transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases", + "FGF" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 4 + ], + [ + 20, + 59 + ], + [ + 130, + 133 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15224175", + "text": "+ prazosin (100 microg/kg), SB224289 (300 microg/kg) + rauwolscine (300 microg/kg)", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22902307", + "text": "Our results demonstrate the reproducible production of the hemi-cornea model according to standard operation procedures using 15 independent batches of reconstructed hemi-cornea models in two independent laboratories each.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17035141", + "text": "RESULTS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "20531964", + "text": "Opportunistic infections and non-infectious pneumonitis are seen as a class effect.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23471540", + "text": "To confirm the utility of our finger recognition models, we employed subsets of Drosophila fingers in combination with an existing archive of artificial zinc finger modules to create ZFPs with novel DNA-binding specificity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "zinc finger", + "ZFPs" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 153, + 164 + ], + [ + 183, + 187 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23350847", + "text": "Pyrrolopyrazines as Selective Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Spleen Tyrosine Kinase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 30, + 52 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15777622", + "text": "As a result, we demonstrated that the apoE3 significantly protects these cells from GMC-induced reduction in AMG uptake, but neither lactoferrin nor albumin does.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "lactoferrin", + "albumin", + "apoE3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 133, + 144 + ], + [ + 149, + 156 + ], + [ + 38, + 43 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23386702", + "text": "Carboxylesterases hydrolyze esters, amides, and thioesters to produce carboxylic acids and resulting alcohols, amines, and thiols, respectively.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Carboxylesterases" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 17 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23160090", + "text": "These findings suggest that HSYA effectively inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory signal transduction in A549 cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "20012638", + "text": "But terbutaline elicited a relaxation response at a dose of 10(-6) M or more.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23594301", + "text": "Results:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10522750", + "text": "In basilar arteries, endothelin-1 reduces the contractions induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), by the thromboxane A2 agonist U46619, and by vasopressin.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "endothelin-1", + "vasopressin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 21, + 33 + ], + [ + 143, + 154 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23017388", + "text": "We found that SB365 strongly suppressed the growth and proliferation of colon cancer cells and induced their apoptosis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10443304", + "text": "The diagnosis is easily made by means of the electrocardiogram (ECG).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23543413", + "text": "Cisplatin (cDDP) is an anti-cancer drug used in a number of malignancies including testicular, ovarian, cervical, bladder, lung, head, and neck cancers.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17059881", + "text": "Risperidone plasma levels were determined and psychopathologic evaluations (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) were carried out.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17391279", + "text": "The in vivo effects of the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) amtolmetin guacyl, a pro-drug of the NSAID tolmetin, on lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) in rat gastric mucosa, colon mucosa and liver, were compared with the effects of non-selective (indomethacin, diclofenac) and COX-2 selective (celecoxib) NSAIDs.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "superoxide dismutase", + "catalase", + "glutathione peroxidase", + "glutathione reductase", + "COX-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 202, + 222 + ], + [ + 224, + 232 + ], + [ + 234, + 256 + ], + [ + 261, + 282 + ], + [ + 410, + 415 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12388748", + "text": "However, the lack of a cellular model has impeded understanding of the molecular mechanism of this process.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10682471", + "text": "OBJECTIVE: To determine the expression of progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA and PR protein levels in the myometrium and leiomyomata from untreated and mifepristone pretreated women with leiomyoma and to examine the mechanism of mifepristone treatment on uterine leiomyomata.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "progesterone receptor", + "PR", + "PR protein" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 42, + 63 + ], + [ + 65, + 67 + ], + [ + 78, + 88 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23041257", + "text": "Tin (IV) via mitochondria-mediated pathway in PC12 cells.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17333137", + "text": "OBJECTIVES:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14757703", + "text": "We have adenovirally overexpressed beta(1)-adrenoceptors in isolated, cultured adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes and observed the inotropic potency of isoprenaline and CGP 12177A (in the presence of 1 microm propranolol).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "beta(1)-adrenoceptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 35, + 56 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "21712771", + "text": "The C-terminal antibodies detected both proteins in extracts of mouse medulla/pons, cortex, hypothalamus, and cerebellum but only the 73 kD protein and higher molecular weight immunoreactive proteins in mouse adrenal and rat PC12 cells, which are positive controls for rodent VMAT-1.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "rodent VMAT-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 269, + 282 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9466983", + "text": "L-selectin also recognizes endothelial proteoglycans in a calcium-dependent manner, via heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan chains enriched in unsubstituted glucosamine units.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "L-selectin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 10 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17434872", + "text": "Mutation of Ser-530 to Ala or Val-349 to Ala or Leu abolished the potent inhibition observed with wild-type human COX-2 and key lumiracoxib analogs.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Ser-530 to Ala", + "Val-349 to Ala or Leu", + "human COX-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 12, + 26 + ], + [ + 30, + 51 + ], + [ + 108, + 119 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "6227474", + "text": "With molybdate present to stabilize receptors, the affinities of the two sites for [3H]aldosterone in adrenalectomized perfused rat brain cytosols were 0.28 and 18.0 nM at 4 C. High affinity sites comprised 15% of the total receptor number.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23542147", + "text": "Subsequently, the inhibition of NF-κB downstream gene expression (IL-8 and ICAM-1) by the plant extracts was assessed via quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-8", + "ICAM-1", + "NF-κB" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 62, + 66 + ], + [ + 71, + 77 + ], + [ + 28, + 33 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23291559", + "text": "Thus, KCNK1 and Kcnk1 ( -/- ) mice provide an experimental tool for further investigation into the molecular mechanism of CAR-mediated promotion of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CAR", + "KCNK1", + "Kcnk1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 122, + 125 + ], + [ + 6, + 11 + ], + [ + 16, + 21 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17020418", + "text": "Inhibition of aromatase is an important approach for reducing growth stimulatory effects of estrogens in estrogen-dependent breast cancer.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "aromatase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 14, + 23 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23383871", + "text": "With a median coefficient of variation of 5.0% and excellent correlation (R(2) = 0.993) between duplicate measurements, the reproducibility of the ERα-coregulator binding assay was better than the reproducibility of other commonly used in vitro ER functional assays.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ERα", + "ER" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 145, + 148 + ], + [ + 243, + 245 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12742526", + "text": "Altered methionine metabolism may partially explain earlier reports indicating less oxidative damage to proteins in dwarf mice.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23418674", + "text": "Additionally, different extracts of Rhizoma Coptis and berberine were tested by the developed method.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "19389876", + "text": "In the presence of multiple doses of ketoconazole, single-dose ambrisentan AUC(0-infinity) estimate was increased by 35.3%, whereas C(max) was increased by 20.0%.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11972613", + "text": "Cysteinyl leukotriene-dependent interleukin-5 production leading to eosinophilia during late asthmatic response in guinea-pigs.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "interleukin-5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 32, + 45 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23071106", + "text": "Both tolbutamide and gliclazide stimulated phospholipase C activity; however, only gliclazide did so independently of its activity at K(ATP) channels, and this activity was partially inhibited by pertussis toxin.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "pertussis toxin", + "phospholipase C", + "K(ATP) channels" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 187, + 202 + ], + [ + 34, + 49 + ], + [ + 125, + 140 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23481176", + "text": "TSS-SPIONs were developed by chelation between thiolated chitosan-thioglycolic acid (chitosan-TGA) hydrogel and iron ions (Fe(2+)/Fe(3+)).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "7974294", + "text": "One of the mu class genes of this superfamily of enzymes, GSTM1, is polymorphic because of a partial gene deletion.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GSTM1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 58, + 63 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17325667", + "text": "Instead, GIST-R cells have acquired IM resistance by overexpressing the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase - AXL - in a 'kinase switch'.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase", + "AXL", + "kinase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 72, + 106 + ], + [ + 109, + 112 + ], + [ + 121, + 127 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23641685", + "text": "We report vibrational and electronic spectra of the hydroxyl-methyl-peroxy radical (HOCH2OO, or HMP), the primary product of the reaction of the hydroperoxy radical, HO2, and formaldehyde, HCHO.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23318726", + "text": "Treatment of HDP cells with a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor also reduced butein-induced HO-1 expression, and butein treatment led to increased JNK phosphorylation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase", + "JNK", + "HO-1", + "JNK" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 30, + 55 + ], + [ + 57, + 60 + ], + [ + 100, + 104 + ], + [ + 155, + 158 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23298698", + "text": "These findings suggest that the protection provided by PGE2 is a result of the modulation of early lung immunomodulatory mechanisms, and possibly a shift in the balance of dendritic cells towards a tolerogenic profile.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12668276", + "text": "In recent years, many studies have analyzed the presence of quantitative (abnormal levels) or qualitative (mutations) alterations in the expression of THR genes in different types of human neoplasias.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "THR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 151, + 154 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14638499", + "text": "Molecular mechanism of terbinafine resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23116643", + "text": "The results of this study indicates that RA possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antifibrotic activity against acute liver toxicity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23621521", + "text": "The identification of factors that proliferate RPE cells ex vivo could provide a renewable source of cells for the treatment of such disorders.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23118019", + "text": "Standard κ-antagonists have an unusual pharmacodynamic action, with a single injection blocking receptor signaling for several weeks.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "18715952", + "text": "In this study, we show for the first time that medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant childhood brain tumor, expresses high levels of COX-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, and EP(1) through EP(4) and secretes PGE(2).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "COX-2", + "microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1", + "EP(1)", + "EP(4)" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 143, + 148 + ], + [ + 150, + 187 + ], + [ + 193, + 198 + ], + [ + 207, + 212 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23403203", + "text": "Inhibition of GJIC by antofine may undermine the neuroprotective effect of astrocytes in CNS.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "19370562", + "text": "Adverse events were consistent with the cholinergic actions of the drug.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "25136065", + "text": "CONCLUSION:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "18686730", + "text": "Formoterol exhibits a rapid onset of bronchodilation similar to that observed with salbutamol, yet its long bronchodilatory duration is comparable to salmeterol.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "2568748", + "text": "Nonthrombolytic intervention in acute myocardial infarction.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10702256", + "text": "Lectin and Western blotting indicate an M(r) around 400,000 before and 230,000 after chondroitinase ABC digestion.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Lectin", + "chondroitinase ABC" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 6 + ], + [ + 85, + 103 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15650315", + "text": "RESULTS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23115325", + "text": "K(ATP) currents were measured at a holding potential of -60 mV in high K(+) external solution.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23330542", + "text": "Adopted orphan nuclear receptor (NR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), plays a central role in the regulation of xeno- and endobiotic metabolism.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NR", + "pregnane X receptor", + "PXR", + "orphan nuclear receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 33, + 35 + ], + [ + 38, + 57 + ], + [ + 59, + 62 + ], + [ + 8, + 31 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22445601", + "text": "Systemic administration of LY541850 to wild-type mice, reduced the increase in locomotor activity following both phencyclidine and amphetamine administration.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10340919", + "text": "and the mean effect (P = .424) between meloxicam and diclofenac.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23160530", + "text": "Gliotransmission and brain glucose sensing: critical role of endozepines.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "endozepines" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 61, + 72 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23023136", + "text": "Thus, resveratrol attenuated As(2)O(3)-induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and arsenic accumulation in the liver.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "20596674", + "text": "Etoposide (VP-16) is a topoisomerase-II (topo II) inhibitor chemotherapeutic agent.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "topoisomerase-II", + "topo II" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 23, + 39 + ], + [ + 41, + 48 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23358258", + "text": "As the results of structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of the series, the compounds with 4-methyl-quinazoline-2-yl-methyl group at N-1 position and 2-aminoethylaminomethyl group gave better activities.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "19427182", + "text": "However, the mechanisms underlying hepatic alpha-tocopherol secretion are not fully understood.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22301814", + "text": "The present work was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of an aqueous extract of green tea (GT, Camellia sinensis) leaves against arsenic (NaAsO2)-induced biochemical toxicity and lipid peroxidation production in experimental rats.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15732037", + "text": "The use of beta-blockers has emerged as a beneficial treatment for congestive heart failure.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23541637", + "text": "Aldosterone also induces the rapid phosphorylation of Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Protein Kinase D1", + "PKD1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 53, + 70 + ], + [ + 72, + 76 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23435367", + "text": "Previously, we reported that the NR5A family, including steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) and liver receptor homolog-1 could induce differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into steroidogenic cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NR5A", + "steroidogenic factor-1", + "SF-1", + "liver receptor homolog-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 33, + 37 + ], + [ + 56, + 78 + ], + [ + 80, + 84 + ], + [ + 90, + 114 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10340919", + "text": "CONCLUSION:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15650315", + "text": "The combination of pranlukast and dexamethasone synergistically enhanced this effect.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23360412", + "text": "The herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCBN) is a potent nasal toxicant in rodents; however, it is not known whether DCBN causes similar nasal toxicity in humans.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22532499", + "text": "Glucose uptake test showed that pink wax apple fruit extract (PWFE) exhibits the highest glucose uptake activity, at an increment of 21% in the insulin-resistant FL83B mouse hepatocytes as compared with the TNF-α-treated control group.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "insulin", + "TNF-α" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 143, + 150 + ], + [ + 206, + 211 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15951260", + "text": "Proteins have been measured by radial immunodiffusion according to Mancini.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23543413", + "text": "Its use is limited by the development of resistance, often rationalized via effects on cellular uptake.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15908512", + "text": "In contrast, the selective beta2AR antagonists ICI-118,551 and butoxamine inhibited isoproterenol-mediated enhancement with apparent low affinities (K(b) of 222 +/- 61 and 9268 +/- 512 nM, respectively).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "beta2AR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 27, + 34 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23146691", + "text": "Emodin-6-O-β-D-glucoside inhibits HMGB1-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "HMGB1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 34, + 39 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23538162", + "text": "These data provided a novel insight to the mechanisms of Rg1protective effects on Aβ25-35-induced endothelial cells apoptosis, suggesting that GR-ERK signaling pathway might play an important role in it.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Aβ25-35", + "GR", + "ERK" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 73, + 80 + ], + [ + 134, + 136 + ], + [ + 137, + 140 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23160530", + "text": "We then demonstrated that glucose stimulates endozepine secretion from hypothalamic explants.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23458730", + "text": "The inhibitory effects of multiple doses of baicalin (0.90g/kg, i.v., 12days) on the metabolism of DXM were similar to those observed following a single dose in rats.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "3440035", + "text": "Lorglumide is therefore a useful pharmacological tool to study the functions of CCK.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CCK" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 80, + 83 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23415228", + "text": "We find that TRPA-1, a cold-sensitive TRP channel, detects temperature drop in the environment to extend lifespan.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TRPA-1", + "TRP channel" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 13, + 19 + ], + [ + 38, + 49 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16597615", + "text": "Mild hypoxia increased myogenin transcript level.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "myogenin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 23, + 31 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "1361547", + "text": "Differing effects of labetalol and dilevalol on cardiovascular preparations have been reported.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23322769", + "text": "Genome-wide screen for modulation of hepatic apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) secretion.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "apolipoprotein A-I", + "ApoA-I" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 45, + 63 + ], + [ + 65, + 71 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "8646863", + "text": "The pharmacologic properties of fluticasone propionate-including high lipophilicity, high selectivity and affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor, low systemic absorption, and rapid metabolism and clearance-combine to give fluticasone propionate a high therapeutic index.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "glucocorticoid receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 123, + 146 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10682471", + "text": "PR mRNA abundance in both myometruim and leiomyomata (center and marginal area) was significantly decreased in 4 patients continuing mifepristone treatment before the operation but not in the other 2 patients stopping RU486 1 month before operation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PR mRNA" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 7 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23570914", + "text": "Suppression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 via extracellular signal-regulated kinase contributes to bleomycin-induced oxidative stress and fibrogenesis.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2", + "extracellular signal-regulated kinase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 15, + 58 + ], + [ + 63, + 100 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22537794", + "text": "R- and S-modafinil were also evaluated in microdialysis studies in the mouse nucleus accumbens shell and in a cocaine discrimination procedure.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17075268", + "text": "Histamine content, HDC activity and HDC mRNA expression in nasal mucosa were also significantly increased after TDI provocation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "HDC", + "HDC" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 19, + 22 + ], + [ + 36, + 39 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11264758", + "text": "OBJECTIVE:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17651117", + "text": "Platelet adhesion to the tubing was inhibited by anti-CD42b and anti-CD62P, and adhesion of neutrophils by anti-JAM-C. Formation of platelet-neutrophil and platelet aggregates was reduced by anti-CD62P. Anti-JAM-C decreased platelet-neutrophil aggregation at low concentrations and platelet macroaggregates at high concentrations.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CD42b", + "CD62P", + "JAM-C", + "CD62P", + "JAM-C" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 54, + 59 + ], + [ + 69, + 74 + ], + [ + 112, + 117 + ], + [ + 196, + 201 + ], + [ + 208, + 213 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23537574", + "text": "Amino acids as co-amorphous stabilizers for poorly water soluble drugs - Part 1: Preparation, stability and dissolution enhancement.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23207322", + "text": "Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was applied as a model drug, and the behavior of drug storage/release was investigated.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23585058", + "text": "Chelation of calcium ions by BAPTA-AM or blockade of ERK1/2 activation by UO126 also prevented the NMDA effects.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ERK1/2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 44, + 50 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19888514", + "text": "To confirm this activity and to obtain further insight into molecular recognition of heparin by VLA-4, we investigated the inhibition of VLA-4 mediated binding of human melanoma MV3 cells to immobilised VCAM-1 by different heparins.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "VLA-4", + "VLA-4", + "VCAM-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 96, + 101 + ], + [ + 137, + 142 + ], + [ + 203, + 209 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23333261", + "text": "However, the mechanisms mediating the actions of glucose on the neurons remained elusive.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23206862", + "text": "Among them, derivative 4i inhibited food intake induced by the NPY Y5 selective agonist, and chronic oral administration of 4i in DIO mice caused a dose-dependent reduction of body weight gain.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NPY Y5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 63, + 69 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19370562", + "text": "In comparisons with placebo, improvements were seen in the rate of decline of cognitive function, activities of daily living, and severity of dementia with daily doses of 6 to 12 mg.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23600800", + "text": "The reduction of P2X3 expression levels was reversed by the proteasomal inhibitor MG-132.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "P2X3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 17, + 21 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23327993", + "text": "The Trx mimetics peptides (TXM) protected insulinoma INS 832/13 cells from oxidative stress induced by selectively inhibiting TrxR with auranofin (AuF).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Trx", + "TrxR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 4, + 7 + ], + [ + 126, + 130 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "1705633", + "text": "Persistent pharmacologic activity without evidence of tachyphylaxis was demonstrated during 1 week of treatment in hypertensive patients.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22972179", + "text": "Activation of AMPK did not result in changes in the amount of raptor bound to mTOR.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AMPK", + "mTOR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 13, + 17 + ], + [ + 77, + 81 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12724156", + "text": "GluR5 kainate receptors, seizures, and the amygdala.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GluR5", + "kainate receptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 5 + ], + [ + 6, + 23 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23305850", + "text": "For this purpose, we investigated genes that are tightly controlled by NRF2 to establish markers for NRF2 activity in human cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NRF2", + "NRF2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 71, + 75 + ], + [ + 101, + 105 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23422569", + "text": "Inhibition of SIRT1 induced endothelial dysfunction, as shown by the significantly reduced relaxation to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "SIRT1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 14, + 19 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15714982", + "text": "Docetaxel is a semisynthetic taxane that inhibit tumor growth by induction of microtubule stabilization and promotion of bcl-2 inactivation, which induce apoptosis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "bcl-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 121, + 126 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17593236", + "text": "Patients exceeding pre-specified glycaemic thresholds during the double-blind treatment period were provided open-label rescue therapy (pioglitazone) until study end.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23147414", + "text": "We studied null mutant mice for six different GABA(A)-R subunits (α1, α2, α3, α4, α5 and δ).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GABA(A)-R subunits (α1, α2, α3, α4, α5 and δ" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 46, + 90 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16920841", + "text": "BHMT is expressed at high levels in rat liver and its expression is regulated by dietary Met and choline.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "BHMT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 4 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23333261", + "text": "Contribution of single-minded 2 to hyperglycaemia-induced neurotoxicity.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "single-minded 2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 16, + 31 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14613270", + "text": "Turnover of type II collagen and aggrecan in cartilage matrix at the onset of inflammatory arthritis in humans: relationship to mediators of systemic and local inflammation.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "type II collagen", + "aggrecan" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 12, + 28 + ], + [ + 33, + 41 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23552263", + "text": "The aim of the present study was to scrutinised the inhibitory profile of the aerial parts of the Polygonatum verticillatum enzyme against LOX, urease, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using standard experimental protocols.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "LOX", + "urease", + "acetylcholinesterase", + "AChE", + "butyrylcholinesterase", + "BChE" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 139, + 142 + ], + [ + 144, + 150 + ], + [ + 152, + 172 + ], + [ + 174, + 178 + ], + [ + 184, + 205 + ], + [ + 207, + 211 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23265893", + "text": "In conclusion, it is possible to construct a single DO3A chelate containing probe that can target both GRPR and Y1 on human tumor cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GRPR", + "Y1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 95, + 99 + ], + [ + 104, + 106 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23583257", + "text": "Nox4 oxidase activity is thought to be constitutive and regulated at the transcriptional level; however, we challenge this point of view and suggest that specific quinone derivatives could modulate this activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Nox4", + "oxidase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 4 + ], + [ + 5, + 12 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16293341", + "text": "Importantly, MELANOTAN increased the melanin density to a greater extent in individuals carrying the variant alleles Val60Leu, Asp84Glu, Val92Met, Arg142His, Arg151Cys, and Arg160Trp than in individuals with no variant alleles.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23542147", + "text": "The effect of the plant extracts on the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway was evaluated in TNF-α stimulated HepG2 cells by luciferase gene reporter assay and Western blotting at the transcriptional and translational levels.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "nuclear factor kappa B", + "(NF-κB", + "TNF-α" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 59, + 81 + ], + [ + 82, + 88 + ], + [ + 115, + 120 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10954021", + "text": "CK and PHTZDC accumulated in whole brain and various regions of the brain in proportion to the amount of accumulated cystathionine after D,L-propargylglycine administration.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16690332", + "text": "Some Gram-positive bacterial pathogens harbor a gene that encodes a protein (HNS, Heme domain of NO Synthase-like proteins) with striking sequence identity to the oxygenase domain of mammalian NO synthases (NOS).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "oxygenase domain", + "mammalian NO synthases", + "NOS", + "HNS", + "Heme domain of NO Synthase-like proteins" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 163, + 179 + ], + [ + 183, + 205 + ], + [ + 207, + 210 + ], + [ + 77, + 80 + ], + [ + 82, + 122 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23362262", + "text": "Sustained TGFβ activation was required to inhibit association of deptor with mTOR, whereas rapid activation had no effect.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TGFβ", + "deptor", + "mTOR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 6, + 10 + ], + [ + 61, + 67 + ], + [ + 73, + 77 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17593236", + "text": "(DPP-4) inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycaemic control [glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c))", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "DPP-4", + "glycosylated haemoglobin", + "HbA(1c)" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 1, + 6 + ], + [ + 90, + 114 + ], + [ + 116, + 123 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23477570", + "text": "PEG-P(HEMA-co-AC) copolymers were prepared with controlled Mn of 9.1, 9.5, and 9.9 kg/mol and varying numbers of AC units per molecule of 7, 9 and 11, respectively (denoted as copolymer 1, 2, and 3) by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23160090", + "text": "Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is an active ingredient obtained from the flower of Carthamus tinctorius", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10047461", + "text": "Studies were carried out in vitro to evaluate downstream molecular alterations induced as a consequence of the potent and sustained inhibition of thymidylate synthase by Tomudex.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "thymidylate synthase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 146, + 166 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15944809", + "text": "Verapamil is highly effective in preventing TdP via shortening of endocardial MAPs, reduction of left ventricular transmural dispersion of repolarization and suppression of EADs in an intact heart model of LQT3.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23523949", + "text": "DZN induced histophatological damages and elevated the level of cardiac marker CK-MB.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CK-MB" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 79, + 84 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "20801130", + "text": "Heart failure is characterized by a decrease in cardiac output, and compounds that increase the sensitivity of cardiac muscle to Ca(2+) have therapeutic potential.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "20012638", + "text": "The following assessments of bambuterol and terbutaline were performed: (1) effect on tracheal smooth muscle resting tension; (2) effect on contraction caused by 10(-6)", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "8925876", + "text": "In functional experiments, risperidone is selective, not for the B, but for the A subtype of alpha 1-adrenoceptors.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "alpha 1-adrenoceptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 93, + 114 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23578644", + "text": "The data suggest that CLA, along with dietary calcium, has great potential to be used to prevent bone loss and weight gain associated with menopause.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23266505", + "text": "Apoptosis was evaluated by a TUNEL assay, annexin V/PI staining, and caspase-3 activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "caspase-3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 66, + 75 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16432501", + "text": "Formoterol and salmeterol were each administered via daily i.p. injection at one of seven doses (ranging from 1 to 2,000 microg kg(-1) day(-1)), for 4 weeks.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10530931", + "text": "A possible relationship between M2 selectivity and lipophilicity of the 1-substituent was suggested by structure-activity analysis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "M2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 32, + 34 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9399012", + "text": "Direct evidence for a central neuromodulatory effect of zolmitriptan was provided by electrophysiological experiments which clearly demonstrated that the drug inhibits the excitability of cells in the TNC after systemic administration.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17015640", + "text": "Prostaglandin E(2) in rabbit plasma was attenuated by both drugs.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12093311", + "text": "The literature search identified 19 cases of acute renal impairment in association with celecoxib and rofecoxib.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23221868", + "text": "BACKGROUND: Voltage-gated sodium channels dysregulation is important for hyperexcitability leading to pain persistence.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Voltage-gated sodium channels" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 12, + 41 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23266719", + "text": "Further investigations are necessary to fully understand the complexity behind interactions of engineered nanoparticles with the immune system.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23348500", + "text": "A novel metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 positive allosteric modulator acts at a unique site and confers stimulus bias to mGlu5 signaling.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "mGlu5", + "metabotropic glutamate receptor 5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 123, + 128 + ], + [ + 8, + 41 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23419783", + "text": "INTRODUCTION:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "1352051", + "text": "This observed pattern of changes is in line with the neuroleptic induced spectral changes reported in the literature for other animals and man.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23608109", + "text": "However, efforts to target some mutated genes like K-RAS have been unsuccessful.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "K-RAS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 51, + 56 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12907443", + "text": "gamma-Globin gene promoter methylation decreased, and platelets and the proportion of megakaryocytes and erythroid cells in the marrow increased without a decrease in marrow cellularity, consistent with a DNA hypomethylating, noncytotoxic mechanism of action.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "gamma-Globin gene promoter" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 26 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17692748", + "text": "Dexmedetomidine abolished these increases, whereas intravenous saline was without effect.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "9466983", + "text": "We now show that these HS chains can also bind P-selectin, but not E-selectin.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "P-selectin", + "E-selectin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 47, + 57 + ], + [ + 67, + 77 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23466229", + "text": "The modification of the inhibitor scaffold of 1 and 2 from a dihydroquinolinone core to a tetrahydropyrazolopyridinone core led to discovery of a new series of potent KAT II inhibitors with excellent physicochemical properties.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "KAT II" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 167, + 173 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12244038", + "text": "The combination of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IFN-gamma induced the activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, C/EBPbeta, and GAS but not that of ISRE, suggesting that IRF-1 may not be involved in cytokine-induced expression of iNOS in human astrocytes.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "interleukin (IL)-1beta", + "IFN-gamma", + "NF-kappaB", + "AP-1", + "C/EBPbeta", + "ISRE", + "IRF-1", + "cytokine", + "iNOS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 19, + 41 + ], + [ + 46, + 55 + ], + [ + 82, + 91 + ], + [ + 93, + 97 + ], + [ + 99, + 108 + ], + [ + 134, + 138 + ], + [ + 156, + 161 + ], + [ + 185, + 193 + ], + [ + 216, + 220 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23459167", + "text": "The data support further studies to validate the phosphoproteins here identified as possible new pharmacological targets to prevent amphetamine neurotoxic effects.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23454149", + "text": "In this study, the effects of DMBT on invasion and metastasis in MDA-MB-231 cells were investigated.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11351021", + "text": "IKs was increased by forskolin and blocked by clofilium or indapamide but not by E-4031.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23466232", + "text": "Almost all the compounds had strong inhibitory activities against yeast α-glycosidase.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "yeast α-glycosidase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 62, + 81 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "7768269", + "text": "It has been suggested that the affinity of these compounds for a site on the dopamine transporter, and not their local anesthetic actions, is responsible for these abuse-related behavioral effects.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "dopamine transporter" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 77, + 97 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "7944828", + "text": "In contrast, the D-1997-induced responses were potently and concentration-dependently antagonized by the mixed 5-HT1-like and 5-HT2 receptor antagonist methiothepin (0.01-1 microM).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "5-HT1-like", + "5-HT2 receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 111, + 121 + ], + [ + 126, + 140 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23159529", + "text": "17864-L(x) loaded EGa1-PEG nanoparticles were internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and ultimately digested in lysosomes.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "clathrin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 62, + 70 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15598972", + "text": "The voltage-dependent M-type potassium current (M-current) plays a major role in controlling brain excitability by stabilizing the membrane potential and acting as a brake for neuronal firing.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "7912539", + "text": "[3.2 to 11.6] (P = 0.002) for heart rate, and 208.8 cm", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23207409", + "text": "The first step was the selection of a suitable dataset of heterocyclic compounds that include chromones, coumarins, chalcones, thiazolylhydrazones, etc.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15953344", + "text": "They belong to a larger family of transporters composed of 14 members in mammals based on sequence homologies.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23221006", + "text": "I respiration in mitochondria.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17409426", + "text": "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce colorectal cancer cell apoptosis by suppressing 14-3-3epsilon.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "14-3-3epsilon" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 92, + 105 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23530018", + "text": "Chalcogenopyrylium Dyes as Differential Modulators of Organic Anion Transport by MRP1, MRP2 and MRP4.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MRP1", + "MRP2", + "MRP4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 81, + 85 + ], + [ + 87, + 91 + ], + [ + 96, + 100 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9040115", + "text": "It is suggested that alcohol interferes with this reward pathway either directly or indirectly.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22820907", + "text": "Current understanding of TRPM7 pharmacology and drug development for stroke.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TRPM7" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 30 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10561751", + "text": "Recent studies of hereditary renal tubular disorders have facilitated the identification and roles of chloride channels and cotransporters in the regulation of the most abundant anion, Cl-, in the ECF.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "chloride channels and cotransporters" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 102, + 138 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23357629", + "text": "Docking studies were also carried out to determine the structural features which sway the anti-inflammatory activity of the tested compounds.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23376140", + "text": "Also, ROS from NADPH oxidase favors ERK1/2 activation that phosphorylates Stat3 in serine, resulting in a compensatory or adaptive survival response such as production of metallothionein-II in short Cd exposure times.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NADPH oxidase", + "ERK1/2", + "Stat3", + "metallothionein-II" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 15, + 28 + ], + [ + 36, + 42 + ], + [ + 74, + 79 + ], + [ + 171, + 189 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14507109", + "text": "Normal citrated plasma was supplemented with 31 to 1,000 IU/mL u-PA, 0.31 to 20 microg/mL t-PA, 125 to 4,000 IU/mL SK, 12.5 to 400 U/mL PSAC, 125 to 4,000 U/mL RP, or 0.31 to 10 microg/mL TP.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "t-PA", + "SK", + "PSAC" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 90, + 94 + ], + [ + 115, + 117 + ], + [ + 136, + 140 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11562773", + "text": "A novel drug candidate is checked on its potency on animal models before it can advance to human phase of the research.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23085095", + "text": "However, whether AC inhibits/induces CYP3A, which causes drug-drug interaction (DDI) is unclear.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP3A" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 37, + 42 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "7837275", + "text": "The interaction of a alpha-, zeta- and gamma T-thrombin with macromolecular substrates that \"bridge-bind\" to both the catalytic site (CS) and fibrinogen recognition exosite (FRS), such as fibrinogen and the cleavable platelet receptor (CPR), was also evaluated.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "fibrinogen recognition exosite", + "FRS", + "fibrinogen", + "cleavable platelet receptor", + "CPR", + "alpha-, zeta- and gamma T-thrombin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 142, + 172 + ], + [ + 174, + 177 + ], + [ + 188, + 198 + ], + [ + 207, + 234 + ], + [ + 236, + 239 + ], + [ + 21, + 55 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "20573261", + "text": "Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) was measured, lungs lavaged and tissues collected for analysis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10381000", + "text": "Repeated immobilization stress (2 h, 7 days) elicited a six- or ten-fold rise in TPH mRNA in median raphe nucleus (MRN) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), respectively, without significantly altering TPH mRNA levels in the pineal gland.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TPH", + "TPH" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 81, + 84 + ], + [ + 197, + 200 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17018843", + "text": "This paper characterizes the signaling pathway by which insulin stimulates NHE3 in a cell culture model [opossum kidney (OK) cell].", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "insulin", + "NHE3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 56, + 63 + ], + [ + 75, + 79 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10826417", + "text": "We have shown that neostigmine is a safe and effective treatment for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23179966", + "text": "Signaling molecules, such as Akt and glycogen-synthase-kinase-3 (GSK-3), could be involved in the mechanism of action of antipsychotics, targeting dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate neurotransmission.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Akt", + "glycogen-synthase-kinase-3", + "GSK-3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 29, + 32 + ], + [ + 37, + 63 + ], + [ + 65, + 70 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23041257", + "text": "PC12 cell apoptosis induced by DBDCT was confirmed by annexin V/propidium iodide staining, and characterized by cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3 proteins.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "caspase-9", + "caspase-3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 124, + 133 + ], + [ + 138, + 147 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17567713", + "text": "Using Ca(2+) imaging on TRPV1 receptors heterologously expressed in the human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and on dissociated primary sensory neurons, we find that in both systems, AS activate TRPV1 receptors, and, moreover, they sensitize these channels to acid and heat.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TRPV1", + "TRPV1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 24, + 29 + ], + [ + 197, + 202 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "1375507", + "text": "An orally active analogue, cicaprost, was equally effective against endotoxin-induced tissue factor expression.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "tissue factor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 86, + 99 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17284757", + "text": "alpha-Linolenic acid, Delta6-desaturase gene polymorphism, and the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Delta6-desaturase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 22, + 39 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19428322", + "text": "The small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting of human AMPK mimicked compound C-induced G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, but failed to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in U251 glioma cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human AMPK" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 47, + 57 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12110374", + "text": "It is suggested that measurement of dopamine-induced PGE(2) production may serve as a convenient way to study D(2) receptor function in vitro.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "D(2) receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 110, + 123 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17429625", + "text": "In all cases, substrate depletion over time was measured, and appropriate scaling factors were used to predict in vivo clearance.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15114505", + "text": "On the other hand, flavonoids without side chains (hesperetin, naringenin, quercetin and kaempferol) did not inhibit the enzyme activity at a final concentration of 800 microM.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23301860", + "text": "Importantly, this mode of activation neither generated anaphylatoxins nor induced triggering of the effector arm of the complement system.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "18465538", + "text": "In vitro pharmacokinetic studies have shown that flavopiridol undergoes hepatic biotransformation to its corresponding glucoronide by uridine diphosphate glucoronosyltransferases [283791].", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23270965", + "text": "Safrole-2',3'-oxide induces atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice.\nSafrole-2',3'-oxide (SFO) is the major electrophilic metabolite of safrole (4-allyl-1, 2-methylenedioxybenzene), a natural plant constituent found in essential oils of numerous edible herbs and spices and in food containing these herbs, such as pesto sauce, cola beverages and bologna sausages.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "apolipoprotein E" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 68, + 84 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11401111", + "text": "[2-10.9] and 3.92 [1.76-8.7], respectively) and hospital admission with heart failure (4.7 [2.2-10.3] and 2.4", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23409864", + "text": "The claimed compounds are human TGR5 agonists having potency in the nM range.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human TGR5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 26, + 36 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10847421", + "text": "Peak free TFPI antigen and TFPI activity were detected after only 1 h, whereas anti-activated factor X (anti-FXa) and anti-activated factor II (anti-FIIa) activities were detected after 2-6 h. Putative therapeutic equivalent doses of dalteparin and enoxaparin gave similar release of endogenous TFPI, but dissimilar effects on anti-FXa and anti-FIIa activities.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "FXa", + "FIIa", + "factor X", + "FXa", + "factor II", + "FIIa" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 332, + 335 + ], + [ + 345, + 349 + ], + [ + 94, + 102 + ], + [ + 109, + 112 + ], + [ + 133, + 142 + ], + [ + 149, + 153 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15908512", + "text": "In the presence of alphaAR blockade, concentration-response curves for isoproterenol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine suggested that a beta1AR was involved in this response, and the rank order of potency was isoproterenol > norepinephrine = epinephrine.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "beta1AR", + "alphaAR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 135, + 142 + ], + [ + 19, + 26 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16702329", + "text": "GW9662, a PPARgamma antagonist, prevented (P < 0.01)", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PPARgamma" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 10, + 19 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17651117", + "text": "Platelet activation increased when CD62P was blocked and decreased with anti-CD42b antibody.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CD62P", + "CD42b" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 35, + 40 + ], + [ + 77, + 82 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23160530", + "text": "Diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI) and its processing product the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN), collectively named endozepines, are secreted by astroglia, and ODN is a potent anorexigenic factor.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Diazepam-binding inhibitor", + "DBI", + "octadecaneuropeptide", + "ODN", + "endozepines", + "ODN" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 26 + ], + [ + 28, + 31 + ], + [ + 64, + 84 + ], + [ + 86, + 89 + ], + [ + 111, + 122 + ], + [ + 155, + 158 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10796631", + "text": "Significant reductions were reported for central nervous system adverse events (Relative Risk 0.51;", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15133083", + "text": "Enc. cuniculi, an intracellular parasite of mammalian cells, has both biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes of polyamine metabolism, as demonstrated in cell-free extracts of mature spores.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23539296", + "text": "Thus, activated p38 MAPK is required for liganded-CAR to selectively activate a set of genes that encode drug metabolizing enzymes.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "p38", + "MAPK", + "CAR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 16, + 19 + ], + [ + 20, + 24 + ], + [ + 50, + 53 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10047461", + "text": "The changes in cyclin and cdk protein expression and their kinase activities were examined in control and drug-treated A253 cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "cyclin", + "cdk", + "kinase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 15, + 21 + ], + [ + 26, + 29 + ], + [ + 59, + 65 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10401556", + "text": "Analysis of alpha 1L-adrenoceptor pharmacology in rat small mesenteric artery.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "alpha 1L-adrenoceptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 12, + 33 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23260350", + "text": "Identification of benzofuran central cores for the inhibition of leukotriene A(4) hydrolase.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "leukotriene A(4) hydrolase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 65, + 91 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15963471", + "text": "In contrast, pioglitazone and ciglitazone had minimal effects on [3H]adenosine uptake by HASMCs.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10999950", + "text": "Thus, similar to internalization, there are agonist and species differences in down-regulation of kappa-opioid receptors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "kappa-opioid receptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 98, + 120 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23046524", + "text": "We then showed that static exposure of embryos to paraoxon (31.2-500 nM) from 5 to 96 hpf resulted in significant stage- and concentration-dependent AChE inhibition, albeit these effects were fully reversible within 48 h following transfer to clean water.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AChE" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 149, + 153 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17884974", + "text": "However, a >95% COX-1 blockade relevant for suppression of platelet function was not achieved.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "COX-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 16, + 21 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23435358", + "text": "We observed changes in FA composition that predominantly involved increases in FA methyl esters (FAMEs), mono- and poly-unsaturated FA (MUFA and PUFA) and a decrease in n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio by both PFOA and PFOS.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16293341", + "text": "Administration of MELANOTAN produced a significant (p<0.001) increase in melanin density in treated, compared to placebo, individuals.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "18559268", + "text": "The microtubule binding affinities of a series of synthetic taxanes have been measured with the aims of dissecting individual group contributions and obtaining a rationale for the design of novel compounds with the ability to overcome drug resistance.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "microtubule" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 4, + 15 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17333137", + "text": "RATIONALE:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23139413", + "text": "The topology of the second extracellular loop (ECL2) and its interaction with ligands is unique in each G protein-coupled receptor.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "G protein-coupled receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 104, + 130 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16516814", + "text": "Prostaglandins are key regulators of ion transport in the kidney.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15650315", + "text": "Quantitative in situ hybridization with image analysis revealed abundant expression of IL-5 mRNA in eosinophils, lymphocytes, and mast cells in sensitized and allergen-stimulated lung tissues.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 87, + 91 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16206183", + "text": "There was close correspondence between peak increases in DA and DAT occupancy.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "DAT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 64, + 67 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23332447", + "text": "Although low serum testosterone (T) is associated with metabolic disorders, the mechanism of this association is unclear.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23291559", + "text": "Here, we have determined the molecular mechanism of this male-specific activation of the Kcnk1 gene and characterized KCNK1 as a phenobarbital-inducible antihyperplasia factor.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Kcnk1", + "KCNK1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 89, + 94 + ], + [ + 118, + 123 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17429625", + "text": "In BDC rats, less than 15% of an intravenous dose was excreted unchanged in urine, bile, and the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that dasatinib is cleared primarily via metabolism.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23335025", + "text": "It is presumed that GBE has chemopreventive effects in ER-independent breast cancer through anti-proliferation and apoptosis-inducing activities.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ER" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 51, + 53 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10999950", + "text": "These results indicate that U50,488H-induced down-regulation of the hkor involves GRK-, arrestin-2-, dynamin-, rab5-, and rab7-dependent mechanisms and receptors seem to be trafficked to lysosomes and proteasomes for degradation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "hkor", + "GRK", + "arrestin-2", + "dynamin", + "rab5", + "rab7", + "proteasomes" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 68, + 72 + ], + [ + 82, + 85 + ], + [ + 88, + 98 + ], + [ + 101, + 108 + ], + [ + 111, + 115 + ], + [ + 122, + 126 + ], + [ + 201, + 212 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10444166", + "text": "Common resistance mechanisms to deoxynucleoside analogues in variants of the human erythroleukaemic line K562.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "9509999", + "text": "These findings suggest that the beta-agonists suppress the proliferation of microglia by elevating intracellular cAMP level through an action on beta2-adrenergic receptor.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "beta2-adrenergic receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 145, + 170 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23328072", + "text": "Fat infiltration within muscle is one of a number of features of vitamin D deficiency, which leads to a decline in muscle functionality.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17570561", + "text": "The up-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis gene expression and VcAPX mRNA observed in non-treated grape is not enhanced in CO2-treated grapes, which presented low total decay.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "VcAPX" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 66, + 71 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23505146", + "text": "Compared with in vitro conditions, the intracellular environment is highly crowded with biomolecules; this has numerous effects on protein functions, including enzymatic activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17611273", + "text": "Although the observed neuroanatomical changes largely resolve with time, chronic modulation of young brains with MPH may exert effects on brain neurochemistry that modify some behaviors even in adulthood.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11089538", + "text": "IGFBP-rP2 (also known as connective tissue growth factor), a downstream effector of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and modulator of growth for both fibroblasts and endothelial cells, was detected in most of the normal and malignant prostatic epithelial cells tested, with a marked up-regulation of IGFBP-rP2 during senescence of HPEC.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IGFBP-rP2", + "IGFBP-rP2", + "connective tissue growth factor", + "transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 305, + 314 + ], + [ + 0, + 9 + ], + [ + 25, + 56 + ], + [ + 84, + 121 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16199241", + "text": "RESULTS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15132128", + "text": "The results support the hypothesis that capecitabine is activated in the majority of differentiated thyroid cancers and that 32% have favorable expression of all three enzymes (TP, TS, and DPD).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TP", + "TS", + "DPD" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 177, + 179 + ], + [ + 181, + 183 + ], + [ + 189, + 192 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23298863", + "text": "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of hedgehog inhibitor TAK-441 for the inhibition of Gli1 messenger RNA expression and antitumor efficacy in xenografted tumor model mice.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "hedgehog", + "Gli1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 48, + 56 + ], + [ + 97, + 101 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23578644", + "text": "Conjugated linoleic acid and calcium co-supplementation improves bone health in ovariectomised mice.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17588737", + "text": "Altogether, these results suggest that the impairment of the antioxidant system hijacks intestinal cells towards an apoptotic-prone phenotype via the activation of p66Shc molecule.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "p66Shc" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 164, + 170 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23163726", + "text": "The relevance of these results is emphasized by the fact that septins from the SEPT3 subgroup may be important determinants of polymerization by occupying the terminal position in octameric units which themselves form the building blocks of at least some heterofilaments.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "SEPT3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 79, + 84 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9399012", + "text": "Subsequent ex vivo autoradiography confirmed that intravenously injected [3H]zolmitriptan labels a discrete population of cells in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) and nucleus tractus solitarius.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22982445", + "text": "Moreover, LTD4-induced increases in CysLT(1)R and NF-κB p65 in the brain were also attenuated by pranlukast.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CysLT(1)R", + "NF-κB", + "p65" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 34 + ], + [ + 39, + 44 + ], + [ + 45, + 48 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23386780", + "text": "However, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and phospho-c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (p-JNK) expression increased at 8-24 h. Caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities also increased at 8-48 h and 12-48 h, respectively, in the same manner as p-p38 MAPK and p-JNK expression.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "caspase-8", + "p-p38", + "MAPK", + "p-JNK", + "phospho-p38", + "mitogen-activated protein kinase", + "p-p38", + "MAPK", + "phospho-c-Jun amino-terminal kinase", + "p-JNK", + "Caspase-3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 158, + 167 + ], + [ + 253, + 258 + ], + [ + 259, + 263 + ], + [ + 268, + 273 + ], + [ + 6, + 17 + ], + [ + 18, + 50 + ], + [ + 52, + 57 + ], + [ + 58, + 62 + ], + [ + 68, + 103 + ], + [ + 105, + 110 + ], + [ + 144, + 153 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15357957", + "text": "Two isomers demonstrated potent D2 receptor binding (Ki < 3 nM) and functional antagonism (IC50 < or = 10 nM) activities.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "20517484", + "text": "Treatment of PD consists of symptomatic therapies while neuroprotective strategies have remained elusive.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "20372850", + "text": "High TK-1 expression was detected prominently in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and esophageal and uterine squamous cell carcinomas.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TK-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 5, + 9 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17018843", + "text": "In summary, insulin stimulates NHE3 acutely via yet undefined pathways and mechanisms.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "insulin", + "NHE3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 12, + 19 + ], + [ + 31, + 35 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9890894", + "text": "Previously, we reported that a primary heparin or heparan sulfate binding site resides in a distinct sequence in immunoglobulin (Ig)-like module II of the three modules of FGFR.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "immunoglobulin (Ig)-like module II", + "FGFR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 113, + 147 + ], + [ + 172, + 176 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23344961", + "text": "Interestingly, RNAP LS depletion has been well documented to lead to p53-dependent apoptosis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "RNAP LS", + "p53" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 8, + 15 + ], + [ + 62, + 65 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12431845", + "text": "Atomoxetine also increased DA(EX) concentrations in PFC 3-fold, but did not alter DA(EX) in striatum or nucleus accumbens.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17397529", + "text": "The aims of the treatment of glutathione synthesis defects are to avoid hemolytic crises and to increase the defense against reactive oxygen species.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17352516", + "text": "Sitagliptin had a generally neutral effect on bodyweight.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10225363", + "text": "c-fos expression was induced in urethane-anaesthetized rats by intracisternal capsaicin administration.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "c-fos" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 5 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22935616", + "text": "Here, we report unexpected rearrangements to the insulin/IGF-1 pathway, whereby the insulin-like receptor DAF-2 and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase PDK-1 oppose AKT-1 to promote DNA damage-induced apoptosis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "insulin", + "IGF-1", + "insulin-like receptor", + "DAF-2", + "3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase PDK-1", + "AKT-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 49, + 56 + ], + [ + 57, + 62 + ], + [ + 84, + 105 + ], + [ + 106, + 111 + ], + [ + 116, + 165 + ], + [ + 173, + 178 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "2855105", + "text": "In this work, the interactions between loperamide and two ACTH secretagogues, lysine vasopressin (LVP) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), were investigated in patients with Addison's disease.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ACTH", + "lysine vasopressin", + "LVP", + "corticotropin-releasing hormone", + "CRH" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 58, + 62 + ], + [ + 78, + 96 + ], + [ + 98, + 101 + ], + [ + 107, + 138 + ], + [ + 140, + 143 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17651117", + "text": "CD11b expression but not degranulation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CD11b" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 5 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23567950", + "text": "A series of novel aliphatic amido-quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer effects involving induction of RhoB. Most of these compounds, featuring open-ring forms of aliphatic amido-quaternary ammonium salts, exhibited potent anti-proliferative activities in human cancer cell lines, including PC-3, NUGC-3, MDA-MB-231, ACHN, HCT-15, and NCI-H23.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "RhoB" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 143, + 147 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19836445", + "text": "Across the two laboratories EC(50)-values for MDHT, 17alpha-MT, and levonorgestrel varied by not more than a factor of 3.4, for norethynodrel by a factor of 9.7.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "20347047", + "text": "In an acute model of allergic asthma, OVA-treated mice were shown to be atopic by inflammatory cell influx to the lungs after OVA challenge, increases in total IgE and OVA-specific IgG levels and contractions to OVA in isolated trachea.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "OVA", + "OVA", + "IgE", + "OVA", + "IgG", + "OVA" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 38, + 41 + ], + [ + 126, + 129 + ], + [ + 160, + 163 + ], + [ + 168, + 171 + ], + [ + 181, + 184 + ], + [ + 212, + 215 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12724156", + "text": "Brain slice recordings indicate that GluR5 kainate receptors mediate a portion of the synaptic excitation of neurons in the rat basolateral amygdala.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GluR5", + "kainate receptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 37, + 42 + ], + [ + 43, + 60 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23637347", + "text": "Independently of age, sex, and BMI, the minor allele is also associated with lower systolic blood pressure (-6.0 mmHg", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "19228178", + "text": "An estimated one-third of the general population is affected by insomnia, and this number is increasing due to more stressful working conditions and the progressive aging of society.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16851960", + "text": "The calculations demonstrate that the suggested mechanism, where the methyl group is transferred in a single S(N)2 step, is thermodynamically plausible.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16597615", + "text": "Accordingly, microscopy showed loss of tubule aggregation under hypoxia, without tubular disruption.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11986668", + "text": "Because the above-mentioned factors are important in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we tested minocycline in mice with ALS.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23531031", + "text": "Results:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23374869", + "text": "In most instances, C6-substituted phthalides exhibit MAO-B specific inhibition.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MAO-B" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 52, + 57 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23477570", + "text": "The in vitro release studies showed that release of FITC-CC was minimal under physiological conditions but significantly enhanced under reductive conditions in the presence of 10 mM DTT with about 96.8% of FITC-CC released in 22 h from nanogel 1.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CC", + "CC" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 57, + 59 + ], + [ + 211, + 213 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15650315", + "text": "Our results indicate that pranlukast inhibits IL-5 synthesis via a mechanism distinct from CysLTR1 antagonism.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-5", + "CysLTR1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 46, + 50 + ], + [ + 91, + 98 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "21262851", + "text": "The current studies assessed the effects of BDZs (diazepam, flurazepam, and desalkylflurazepam), allopregnanolone, pentobarbital, and ethanol on whole-cell Ba(2+) currents through recombinant neuronal Ca(v)1.2 and Ca(v)1.3 L-VGCCs expressed with beta(3) and alpha(2)delta-1", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Ca(v)1.2", + "Ca(v)1.3", + "L-VGCCs" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 201, + 209 + ], + [ + 214, + 222 + ], + [ + 223, + 230 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23552101", + "text": "[PI(4,5)P2].", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17553661", + "text": "However, hGST4-4 expression is low in most human cells and there are other aldehyde metabolizing enzymes that detoxify 4-HNE.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "hGST4-4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 9, + 16 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11319232", + "text": "ACS4 was present primarily in MAM, and the 76-kDa ACS5 protein was located in mitochondrial membrane.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ACS4", + "ACS5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 4 + ], + [ + 50, + 54 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23384446", + "text": "In the iliac artery, exposure to 100μM arsenite for 30min potentiated EDHF-type relaxations evoked by both CPA and ACh.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "18847313", + "text": "Plerixafor results in the rapid and reversible mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into the peripheral circulation and is synergistic when combined with G-CSF.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "G-CSF" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 158, + 163 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9607108", + "text": "The findings suggest that factor VIII cycles through interactions with BiP, calnexin and calreticulin.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "factor VIII", + "BiP", + "calnexin", + "calreticulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 26, + 37 + ], + [ + 71, + 74 + ], + [ + 76, + 84 + ], + [ + 89, + 101 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "20012638", + "text": "Terbutaline had an anti-cholinergic effect that could relieve asthmatic symptoms.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23292797", + "text": "We also find that Smo endogenous to HEK-293 cells, ostensibly through inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, decreases intracellular levels of cAMP.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Smo", + "adenylyl cyclase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 17, + 20 + ], + [ + 83, + 99 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15898717", + "text": "This study constitutes an essential collection of knowledge on which the interaction of (40)PEG-IFNalpha(2a) and its positional isomers with its cellular receptors can be better understood.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IFNalpha(2a)" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 96, + 108 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10693877", + "text": "RESULTS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23315644", + "text": "All four new CYP2J proteins were expressed in Sf21 insect cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP2J" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 13, + 18 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14613270", + "text": "The reduction in CII synthesis in early RA may contribute to the developing pathology, since a lack of synthesis of this molecule would inhibit maintenance of cartilage matrix.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CII" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 17, + 20 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17018843", + "text": "Characterization of the regulation of renal Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 by insulin.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "renal Na+/H+ exchanger", + "NHE3", + "insulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 38, + 60 + ], + [ + 61, + 65 + ], + [ + 69, + 76 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23219339", + "text": "We focus on the mechanisms of pharmacologic action in OMT by detecting its pharmacological properties against focal cerebral ischemia in vivo and NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in vitro.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23238657", + "text": "A significant decrease in nitrite (T180) and nitrate (T90 and T180), as well as a significant increase in N(ε)-carboxymethyllisine, accompanied intake of AGE-BLG.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "BLG" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 156, + 159 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23333901", + "text": "NQO1 is overexpressed in a variety of tumors, as compared to normal adjacent tissue.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11264758", + "text": "The present clinical trial was performed to study the effect and safety of pranlukast in mild-to-moderate asthma.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12650833", + "text": "These results suggest that the activation of type 2A serine/threonine protein phosphatases may play a role in the antinociceptive effect of morphine, and that PP1 might counterbalace this activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "type 2A serine/threonine protein phosphatases", + "PP1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 45, + 90 + ], + [ + 159, + 162 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16674097", + "text": "Ovarian epithelial tumors and normal tissues showed an apparent separation on the distance map tree.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23536521", + "text": "These findings are likely to be related to immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of this compound.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11986668", + "text": "Understanding the mechanism of action of minocycline will assist in the development and testing of more powerful and effective analogues.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23532634", + "text": "However, the predictors of CFC, FCI, and DHEA-S levels were serum creatinine levels in hyperthyroidism, and both creatinine and transaminase levels in euthyroidism.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "transaminase", + "ACTH" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 114, + 126 + ], + [ + 151, + 155 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10947967", + "text": "Stereochemical studies established that PAM inactivation by 4-oxo-5-acetamido-6-(2-thienyl)-hex-2-enoic acid is stereospecific with respect to the moiety at the P(2) position, which is consistent with previous results with substrates and reversible inhibitors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PAM" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 40, + 43 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23435160", + "text": "OBJECTIVEThe effect of therapeutic strategies on cardiovascular (CV) disease can be evaluated by monitoring changes in CV risk biomarkers.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "3124610", + "text": "Recombinant strains of E coli produce a 68,086 K hybrid toxin, IL-2 toxin that retains immunologic properties intrinsic to both its diphtheria toxin and IL-2 components.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-2", + "IL-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 63, + 67 + ], + [ + 153, + 157 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10626810", + "text": "Synergistic effects of new chemopreventive agents and conventional cytotoxic agents against human lung cancer cell lines.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23229512", + "text": "Vitamin K2 covalently binds to Bak and induces Bak-mediated apoptosis.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Bak", + "Bak" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 31, + 34 + ], + [ + 47, + 50 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23019274", + "text": "The second assay is a laminar flow dipstick assay, which has an assay range of 195 pg/ml to 50 ng/ml and provides quantitative assessment of KIM-1 in 15 min. uKIM-1 levels increased with increasing time of ischemia or time after AA administration.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "KIM-1", + "uKIM-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 140, + 145 + ], + [ + 157, + 163 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11730729", + "text": "Remarkably, in the presence of timolol the pEC(50) values of McN-A-343 and histamine in fenoterol-treated airways were significantly enhanced compared to controls.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23465612", + "text": "Application of structure-based design to screening hit 1 yielded sub-micromolar inhibitors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15285788", + "text": "Hence, we provide data that might contribute to the understanding of the pharmacokinetics as well as the clinical effects of MF.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22634361", + "text": "These results suggest that the GABAergic system, but not the serotonergic system, is involved in the mechanism of the anxiolytic-like phenotype of Lu AF21934 in rodents.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17588737", + "text": "Apoptosis induced by oxidized lipids is associated with up-regulation of p66Shc in intestinal Caco-2 cells: protective effects of phenolic compounds.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "p66Shc" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 73, + 79 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23639738", + "text": "Degradation of less hydrophilic PEC41 with higher density was slower than that of PEC200.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23294255", + "text": "Based on their overall profile the presented inhibitors are well suited for further development as injectable antifibrinolytic drugs.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "9003761", + "text": "These results provide the first evidence for the existence of a K+ channel family with four TMS and two pore domains in the nervous system of mammals.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "K+ channel", + "pore domains" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 64, + 74 + ], + [ + 104, + 116 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23194825", + "text": "Even so, BSO pre-treatment abolished NAC protective effects against α-MeDA neurotoxicity, which were, at least partially, due to GSH de novo synthesis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17570561", + "text": "We isolated partial cDNAs that codified for enzymes implicated in the anthocyanin biosynthesis such as l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS), and an antioxidant enzyme such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase", + "PAL", + "chalcone synthase", + "CHS", + "ascorbate peroxidase", + "APX" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 103, + 132 + ], + [ + 134, + 137 + ], + [ + 143, + 160 + ], + [ + 162, + 165 + ], + [ + 202, + 222 + ], + [ + 224, + 227 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16291873", + "text": "Although changing the basic nitrogen from quaternary to tertiary accelerated the onset of block, the IC(50) and kinetics for recovery from block were similar.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17075268", + "text": "These findings indicate that increased synthesis of histamine through up-regulation of HDC gene expression and HDC activity in nasal mucosa plays an important role in the development of nasal hypersensitivity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "HDC", + "HDC" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 87, + 90 + ], + [ + 111, + 114 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23307557", + "text": "A small but significant number of metaphase chromosomes show no telomeric signals at chromatid ends, suggesting an aberrant telomere structure.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15082029", + "text": "The volume of protein distribution was identical among WT and KO mice.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12093311", + "text": "One hundred twenty-two and 142 domestic US cases of celecoxib and rofecoxib-associated renal failure, respectively, were identified in the AERS database.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17979301", + "text": "Change in affinity for cGMP, vardenafil, sildenafil, or IBMX in Y612F, H613A, L765A, or F786A was less, but affinity of H613A or F786A for tadalafil was weakened 37- and 17-fold, respectively.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Y612F", + "H613A", + "L765A", + "F786A", + "H613A", + "F786A" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 64, + 69 + ], + [ + 71, + 76 + ], + [ + 78, + 83 + ], + [ + 88, + 93 + ], + [ + 120, + 125 + ], + [ + 129, + 134 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23264615", + "text": "In study 2, bred ewes received PF 915275 or recombinant ovine IFNT and into the uterus from day 10 to day 14 after mating.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ovine IFNT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 54, + 64 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23640331", + "text": "These results suggest a novel mechanism by which PR regulates gene expression by facilitating the proper passage of the polymerase along hormone-dependent genes.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PR", + "polymerase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 49, + 51 + ], + [ + 120, + 130 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23421930", + "text": "Bioactive phenolics from Seriphidium stenocephalum.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17075268", + "text": "Rats were sensitized and provocated by TDI and the nasal allergy-like behaviors were scored during a 10 minute period after provocation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23628509", + "text": "Furthermore, estrogen responsive genes in fish liver, ERα and VTG, are not induced by CP[c]Ph, suggesting that the compound has no endocrine disrupting potential.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ERα", + "VTG" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 54, + 57 + ], + [ + 62, + 65 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9666414", + "text": "Increased levels of ribonucleotides can only be met by de novo ribonucleotide synthesis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23256725", + "text": "Kisspeptin is a 54-amino acid peptide which is encoded by the KiSS-1 gene and activates the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Kisspeptin", + "GPR54", + "KiSS-1", + "G protein-coupled receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 10 + ], + [ + 119, + 124 + ], + [ + 62, + 68 + ], + [ + 92, + 118 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17015640", + "text": "Licofelone almost abolished 5-LOX activity by inhibiting leukotriene B4 generation in rabbit neutrophils and prevented platelet thromboxane B2 production from whole blood.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "5-LOX" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 28, + 33 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14656380", + "text": "BACKGROUND: Beta2-adrenergic receptors (beta2AR) play important regulatory roles in a variety of cells and organ systems and are important therapeutic targets in the treatment of airway and cardiovascular disease.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Beta2-adrenergic receptors", + "beta2AR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 12, + 38 + ], + [ + 40, + 47 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17081103", + "text": "Increasing evidence, however, suggests that nature has not created redundant GPxs just to detoxify hydroperoxides.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GPxs" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 77, + 81 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23183186", + "text": "Finally, the Pak1(-/-) mice exhibited reduced brainstem gcg level and abolished β-cat Ser675 phosphorylation in brain neurons after insulin treatment.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Pak1", + "β-cat", + "insulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 9, + 13 + ], + [ + 76, + 81 + ], + [ + 128, + 135 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11278845", + "text": "Using Lac repressor-operator complexes as roadblocks, we show that ATP-bound TOP2 acts as a circular clamp capable of entering DNA ends and sliding on unobstructed duplex DNA.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Lac repressor-operator complexes", + "TOP2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 6, + 38 + ], + [ + 77, + 81 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23261645", + "text": "Concentration-dependent increases in rhythmic beating rate were noted at ≤ 6 h of treatment, followed by dose-dependent decreases after 6 and 72 h exposure.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10401556", + "text": "Selective protection of a putative alpha 1A-adrenoceptor population against the irreversible action of phenoxybenzamine also failed to increase the potency of RS-17053 (pA2 = 8.25 +/- 0.06 against A61603).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "alpha 1A-adrenoceptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 35, + 56 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12606421", + "text": "Thereafter, the levels of both mRNAs fell until Day 55 (44.1% decrease for FSHbeta and 37.1% decrease for LHbeta vs. Day 35).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "FSHbeta", + "LHbeta" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 75, + 82 + ], + [ + 106, + 112 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23620436", + "text": "MNU-induced lesions presented markers indicative of an aggressive phenotype: lack of basal cells, rupture of the smooth muscle cell layer, loss of E-cadherin, and high MGMT staining.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "E-cadherin", + "MGMT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 142, + 152 + ], + [ + 163, + 167 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23146691", + "text": "Emodin-6-O-β-D-glucoside (EG) is a new active compound from Reynoutria japonica, and its biologic activities have not been previously investigated.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "20427668", + "text": "We have investigated in normal human male subjects the importance, site of action, and receptor-mediated processes involved in rapid basal corticosteroid feedback and its interaction with corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) drive.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "corticotrophin releasing hormone", + "CRH" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 188, + 220 + ], + [ + 222, + 225 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23256442", + "text": "Dandelion leaf extract protects against liver injury induced by methionine- and choline-deficient diet in mice.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17333137", + "text": "In rats, rolipram antagonized both phencyclidine hydrochloride- and D-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and inhibited conditioned avoidance responding (CAR).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23373869", + "text": "High volume surgeons maintained a low level of permanent complications across all UDRs whereas low volume surgeons had greater permanent complications associated with higher uptake.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17391279", + "text": "It is suggested that the lack of pro-oxidant effects in vivo associated with amtolmetin guacyl treatment contribute improved gastric tolerability.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23000445", + "text": "Wogonoside also suppressed the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70-S6 kinase (p70S6K) by regulating the expression of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p38 involved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "p70-S6 kinase", + "p70S6K)", + "extracellular signal-regulated kinase", + "ERK1/2", + "p38", + "mitogen-activated protein kinase", + "MAPK", + "mammalian target of rapamycin", + "mTOR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 86, + 99 + ], + [ + 101, + 108 + ], + [ + 145, + 182 + ], + [ + 184, + 190 + ], + [ + 196, + 199 + ], + [ + 209, + 241 + ], + [ + 243, + 247 + ], + [ + 45, + 74 + ], + [ + 76, + 80 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23643883", + "text": "Treatment with ClpP resulted in hypodiploid DNA contents, increased Bax/ Bcl-2 ratio and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ClpP", + "Bax", + "Bcl-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 15, + 19 + ], + [ + 68, + 71 + ], + [ + 73, + 78 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23287538", + "text": "In young adult animals, we measured free ethanol consumption in the two-bottle choice paradigm, motivation for ethanol in the operant self-administration task and both ethanol's rewarding and aversive properties in the conditioned place preference (CPP) and taste aversion (CTA) paradigms.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23238783", + "text": "Prospective studies will be needed to validate the use of bupropion as a probe substrate for clinical use.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10693877", + "text": "CONCLUSION:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11972613", + "text": "At the fifth challenge, the effects of CysLT antagonists and an anti-IL-5 antibody (TRFK-5) on the occurrence of LAR, and blood and lung eosinophilia, which appeared at 5 h after challenge, were examined.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 69, + 73 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "20185318", + "text": "A series of phenolic acids and phenol natural products, such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, syringic acid, quercetin, and ellagic acid, were investigated for their inhibitory effects against the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "metalloenzyme", + "carbonic anhydrase", + "CA", + "EC 4.2.1.1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 248, + 261 + ], + [ + 262, + 280 + ], + [ + 282, + 284 + ], + [ + 286, + 296 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23643883", + "text": "Streptococcus pneumoniae causes the most severe form of the bacterial meningitis which is the major cause of bacterial meningitis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "2568748", + "text": "Alternative interventions are available for patients in whom thrombolytic therapy is inappropriate after an acute myocardial infarction.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11986668", + "text": "Given the broad efficacy of minocycline, understanding its mechanisms of action is of great importance.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16480505", + "text": "Roles of rifampicin in drug-drug interactions: underlying molecular mechanisms involving the nuclear pregnane X receptor.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "nuclear pregnane X receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 93, + 120 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23071106", + "text": "8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP-AM alone (5 μM) did not stimulate insulin secretion, but did increase intracellular Ca(2+) concentration significantly, and this activity was inhibited by 25 μM 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB) or the removal of extracellular Ca(2+).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "insulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 45, + 52 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "8600944", + "text": "High levels of added IL-2 induced the second type of response.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 21, + 25 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17567713", + "text": "In summary, our results identify a novel group of compounds that activate TRPV1 and, consequently, provide a molecular mechanism that may account for off tastes of sweeteners and metallic tasting salts.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TRPV1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 74, + 79 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16554743", + "text": "In the FST, reboxetine, desipramine, imipramine, and citalopram administered acutely did not reduce any further the immobility time shortened by NET knockout itself (ca 25%); however, antidepressant-like action of repeatedly (7 days) administered desipramine was observed in NET-/- mice, indicating that the chronic presence of this drug may also affect other neurochemical targets involved in the behavioral reactions monitored by this test.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NET", + "NET" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 145, + 148 + ], + [ + 275, + 278 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12047490", + "text": "METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers (3 male, 9 female, median age 22 years) participated in an open, randomized, cross-over trial of nabumetone 1000 mg twice daily vs meloxicam 7.5 mg twice daily during 1 week with 2 weeks wash-out.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23627806", + "text": "The DOX-loaded hybrid nanogels also exhibit accelerated drug release in response to both pH reduction and temperature increase due to the substantial disruption of the interactions between drug molecules and copolymer components.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23454835", + "text": "AOH resulted in an accumulation of cells in the G2/M-phase (4N).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "9466983", + "text": "Thus, endothelium-derived HS chains and mast cell-derived heparins could play a role in modulating the biology of selectins in vivo.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "selectins" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 114, + 123 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15066664", + "text": "The ortho-, meta- and para-chloro substitutions have an 8-, 13- and 3-fold increased affinity for the inactivated state, respectively.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10095983", + "text": "Based on current literature, up to 75% of excess weight is lost by surgical treatment with concomitant disappearance of hyperlipidaemias, type 2 diabetes, hypertension or sleep apnoea.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17611273", + "text": "These findings suggest that developmental exposure to high therapeutic doses of MPH has short-term effects on select neurotransmitters in brain regions involved in motivated behaviors, cognition, appetite, and stress.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15133083", + "text": "Polyamine metabolism in a member of the phylum Microspora (Encephalitozoon cuniculi): effects of polyamine analogues.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23179966", + "text": "Additionally, direct evidence has been provided that D(2) and 5-HT(2A) receptors form physical heterocomplexes which exert a functional cross-talk, as demonstrated by studies on hallucinogen-induced signaling.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "D(2) and 5-HT(2A) receptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 53, + 80 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15673388", + "text": "Data from heterologous expression of wild-type and mutant HERG genes indicate the mutation causes a 20-fold increase in IC50 of d-sotalol but only a 5.8-fold increase in IC50 of quinidine.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "HERG" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 58, + 62 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23007555", + "text": "Interestingly, recent crystallographic evidence identified that ifenprodil, unlike zinc, binds at the interface of the GluN1/GluN2B amino terminal domain dimer by an induced-fit mechanism.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GluN1", + "GluN2B" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 119, + 124 + ], + [ + 125, + 131 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23253172", + "text": "By examining the relative effects of corticosterone (CORT), arginine vasotocin (AVT, the avian homologue to arginine vasopressin) and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), the present study aimed to define the hormone profile regulating stress-induced increases in AA in the POM.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "arginine vasotocin", + "AVT", + "arginine vasopressin", + "corticotrophin-releasing factor", + "CRF" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 59, + 77 + ], + [ + 79, + 82 + ], + [ + 107, + 127 + ], + [ + 133, + 164 + ], + [ + 166, + 169 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23641685", + "text": "At these short delay times, spectral interference from HOOH and HCOOH was minimal, and could be subtracted.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12184062", + "text": "Eprosartan acts not only at vascular AT1 receptors but also at presynaptic AT1 receptors, causing inhibition of sympathetically stimulated noradrenaline release.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AT1", + "AT1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 37, + 40 + ], + [ + 75, + 78 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "8600944", + "text": "GCS therapy results in reduced mRNA expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 in cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) but not of IFN-gamma.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "interleukin-4", + "IL-4", + "IL-5", + "IFN-gamma" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 50, + 63 + ], + [ + 65, + 69 + ], + [ + 75, + 79 + ], + [ + 134, + 143 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23530595", + "text": "For example, at 20 wt % CNC (in the dry film), an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa (∼500% increase) is observed after photoirradiation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23152186", + "text": "We hypothesized that As(III) signals through the Pertussis toxin (Ptx) sensitive, Gi protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) to impair adipogenesis, as previously demonstrated for its stimulation of vascular oxidant generation, angiogenesis, and remodeling.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Pertussis toxin", + "Ptx", + "Gi protein-coupled receptor", + "GPCR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 49, + 64 + ], + [ + 66, + 69 + ], + [ + 82, + 109 + ], + [ + 111, + 115 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23637347", + "text": "OBJECTIVEWe hypothesized that the minor allele of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) genetic variant rs5068 is associated with a favorable cardiometabolic phenotype in a general Mediterranean population.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "rs5068", + "atrial natriuretic peptide", + "ANP" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 103, + 109 + ], + [ + 54, + 80 + ], + [ + 82, + 85 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23609963", + "text": "Therefore, lipids are finely regulated to guarantee physiological functions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "9480923", + "text": "By reporter gene analysis following transient transfections with various plasmids expressing a dominant negative mutant form of Cdc42, Rac1 or RhoA, C2-ceramide-induced SRE activation was shown to be selectively repressed by pEXV-RacN17 encoding a dominant negative mutant of Rac1, suggesting that Rac activity is essential for the signalling cascade of ceramide to the nucleus.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Cdc42", + "Rac1", + "RhoA", + "SRE", + "Rac1", + "Rac" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 128, + 133 + ], + [ + 135, + 139 + ], + [ + 143, + 147 + ], + [ + 169, + 172 + ], + [ + 276, + 280 + ], + [ + 298, + 301 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16278927", + "text": "The inhibitory potencies of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A9 activity were investigated in recombinant human UGT1A9 using 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) as a substrate for glucuronidation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human UGT1A9", + "UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A9" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 158, + 170 + ], + [ + 78, + 115 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23423570", + "text": "In conclusion, IL-8 production and neutrophil infiltration are increased in high-glucose environment due to elevated ROS level and contributed to impaired wound healing in diabetic skin.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-8" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 15, + 19 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9666414", + "text": "Therefore, an inhibitor of de novo uridine monophosphate synthesis would predictably arrest stimulated cells at the G1 phase.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16674097", + "text": "LMP mucinous tumors showing histologically aggressive features belong to mucinous carcinoma on the proteomic basis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15224175", + "text": "These control responses were: unaffected by SB224289, BRL15572, rauwolscine or the combinations of SB224289 + BRL15572, BRL15572 + rauwolscine, rauwolscine + prazosin, SB224289 + prazosin, or SB224289 + prazosin + imiloxan; slightly blocked by SB224289 + rauwolscine; and markedly blocked by SB224289 + rauwolscine + prazosin, SB224289 + prazosin + BRL44408 or SB224289 + prazosin + MK912.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23229512", + "text": "Several lines of evidence suggested that the covalent attachment of VK2 is critical for apoptosis induction.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23330542", + "text": "Since the original discovery of azoles analogs as PXR antagonists, we have preliminarily defined an important PXR antagonist pharmacophore and developed less-toxic PXR antagonists.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PXR", + "PXR", + "PXR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 50, + 53 + ], + [ + 110, + 113 + ], + [ + 164, + 167 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16690332", + "text": "We confirm the existence of a second NO site in the oxygenase domain of the reduced eNOS as previously hypothesized [A. Slama-Schwok, M. Negrerie, V. Berka, J.C. Lambry, A.L. Tsai, M.H. Vos, J.L. Martin, Nitric oxide (NO) traffic in endothelial NO synthase.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "oxygenase domain", + "reduced eNOS", + "endothelial NO synthase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 52, + 68 + ], + [ + 76, + 88 + ], + [ + 233, + 256 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19275550", + "text": "Indeed, several clinical studies have confirmed the increased risk of CVD in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23339678", + "text": "In experiment 2, 23 mice were triggered by hCG and mature oocytes were collected; in vitro fertilization rate and subsequent embryo development up to blastocyst was recorded.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "hCG" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 38, + 41 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23439561", + "text": "Knockdown of NADPH oxidase, NOX5-S, a variant lacking calcium-binding domains, by NOX5 siRNA significantly inhibited acid-induced increase in mPGES1 expression, thymidine incorporation, and PGE2 production.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NADPH oxidase", + "NOX5-S", + "calcium-binding domains", + "NOX5", + "mPGES1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 12, + 25 + ], + [ + 27, + 33 + ], + [ + 53, + 76 + ], + [ + 81, + 85 + ], + [ + 141, + 147 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23115325", + "text": "In control cells, pretreatment with 100 µM NaHS shifted the EC(50) for LEV-induced currents from 2838 (n = 6) to 154 (n = 8) nM. Sulfhydration of sulfonylurea receptor 2B (SUR2B) was induced by NaHS and colonic inflammation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "sulfonylurea receptor 2B", + "SUR2B" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 141, + 165 + ], + [ + 167, + 172 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23274894", + "text": "Elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) is associated with increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular-associated mortality.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23074021", + "text": "These results suggest the possible participation of genotoxic mechanisms in MEG-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23548896", + "text": "Identification of a new interaction mode between the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and Csk-binding protein (Cbp)/phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid microdomains (PAG).\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Csk", + "Csk-binding protein", + "Cbp", + "phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid microdomains", + "PAG", + "Src homology 2 (SH2) domain", + "C-terminal Src kinase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 107, + 110 + ], + [ + 116, + 135 + ], + [ + 137, + 140 + ], + [ + 142, + 203 + ], + [ + 205, + 208 + ], + [ + 53, + 80 + ], + [ + 84, + 105 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22815248", + "text": "Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23261645", + "text": "The toxic effects of jaspamide were compared with that of the known cardiotoxicant mitoxantrone, and confirmed by multiparameter fluorescence imaging analysis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14676196", + "text": "Consistent with the relatively large size of its preferred substrates, the active site volume is twice that observed for the structure of CYP2C5.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP2C5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 138, + 144 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10950934", + "text": "Whereas DDAH2 is expressed at relatively high levels in all fetal tissues examined, DDAH1 expression varies little between fetal and adult tissues.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "DDAH2", + "DDAH1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 8, + 13 + ], + [ + 84, + 89 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "6146346", + "text": "Astemizole was free from adverse sedative or anticholinergic effects but did cause a mean increase in weight of 1.3 kg (P less than 0.01) after 8 weeks therapy, not found with placebo.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23393220", + "text": "5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT or street name \"5-MEO\") is a newer designer drug belonging to a group of naturally occurring indolealkylamines.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "18847313", + "text": "While G-CSF is the most frequently used agent for stem cell mobilization, the use of G-CSF alone results in suboptimal stem cell yields in a significant proportion of patients undergoing autologous transplantation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "G-CSF", + "G-CSF" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 6, + 11 + ], + [ + 85, + 90 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17327465", + "text": "These data demonstrate that induction of Cyp1a1 is a nonspecific biomarker of direct AhR affinity and activation and lend further support to the hypothesis that Cyp1a1 induction and/or AhR activation is not synonymous with dioxin-like toxicity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Cyp1a1", + "AhR", + "Cyp1a1", + "AhR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 41, + 47 + ], + [ + 85, + 88 + ], + [ + 161, + 167 + ], + [ + 185, + 188 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22532499", + "text": "and L.M. Perry], Pu-Tau [Syzygium jambo (L.) Alston], and Kan-Shi Pu-Tau (Syzygium cumini Linn.)", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "9466983", + "text": "Notably, P- and L-selectin binding to sialyl-Lewisx and to HL-60 cells (which are known to carry the native ligand PSGL-1) is inhibited by unfractionated pharmaceutical heparin preparations at concentrations 12-50-fold lower than those recommended for effective anticoagulation in vivo.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "P- and L-selectin", + "PSGL-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 9, + 26 + ], + [ + 115, + 121 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15963006", + "text": "Attempts to increase tolerability have included the development of advanced formulations that regulate release of the active ingredient and the development of pharmacological agents that target the desired bladder receptors more specifically and accurately.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23131798", + "text": "A total of 112 compounds with diverse structures were purchased from commercial vendors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11401111", + "text": "We sought to assess plasma concentrations of the amino (N)-terminal portion of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (N-BNP) and adrenomedullin for prediction of adverse outcomes and responses to treatment in 297 patients with ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction who were randomly assigned to receive carvedilol or placebo.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "N-BNP", + "adrenomedullin", + "amino (N)-terminal portion of pro-brain natriuretic peptide" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 110, + 115 + ], + [ + 121, + 135 + ], + [ + 49, + 108 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11156594", + "text": "M.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11936838", + "text": "Here we found that mimosine strongly inhibited the inflammatory index in the diaphragmatic tissue at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days post-treatment.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "18093407", + "text": "Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) are used for controlling blood pressure and treating heart failure in a broad range of patients, including those with diabetes and the elderly.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Angiotensin II type 1 receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 30 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23468099", + "text": "CONCLUSIONS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23386780", + "text": "The Western blot analysis demonstrated no significant changes in proapoptotic Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression during the time course of the study.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Bcl-2-associated X", + "Bax", + "Bcl-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 75, + 93 + ], + [ + 95, + 98 + ], + [ + 119, + 124 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23247008", + "text": "Computational-based molecular modeling studies examining predicted protein-protein interactions indicated that heterotetramerization between ALDH2 and ALDH1B1 subunits was highly probable and may partially explain a lack of compensation by ALDH1B1 in ALDH2(∗)2 individuals.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ALDH2", + "ALDH1B1", + "ALDH1B1", + "ALDH2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 141, + 146 + ], + [ + 151, + 158 + ], + [ + 240, + 247 + ], + [ + 251, + 256 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11160515", + "text": "Voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) are multimeric complexes composed of a pore-forming alpha(1) subunit together with several accessory subunits, including alpha(2)delta, beta, and, in some cases, gamma subunits.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Voltage-dependent calcium channels" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 34 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23583903", + "text": "MTS assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting were then used to further investigate the molecular mechanisms.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23584857", + "text": "Torpor is a physiological state characterised by controlled lowering of metabolic rate and core body temperature, allowing substantial energy savings during periods of reduced food availability or harsh environmental conditions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17397529", + "text": "Most of the mutations are leaky so that many patients have residual enzyme activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17284757", + "text": "CONCLUSIONS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23261645", + "text": "Using spontaneously contracting human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, effects on cardiomyocyte contraction and viability were also examined.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15285788", + "text": "We have now determined the relative receptor binding affinities of the known metabolite 6beta-OH MF and the degradation product 9,11-epoxy MF to understand their possible contribution to undesirable systemic side effects.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23256442", + "text": "C57BL/6 mice were fed for 4 weeks with one of the following diets: control diet (Cont), MCD diet (MCD), MCD diet supplemented with EDL at 200 mg/kg body weight·daily (MCD+D200), and MCD diet supplemented with EDL at 500 mg/kg body weight·daily (MCD+D500).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14642426", + "text": "But, intracerebroventricular injection of each ginsenoside did not affect plasma IL-6 level induced by immobilization stress.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-6" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 81, + 85 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23641914", + "text": "The understanding of cell-material interactions is important for creating personalized implants for tissue engineering.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23334176", + "text": "Positive findings from past research may be attributable to detection bias, in that individuals prescribed antidepressants may be more likely to be tested and diagnosed with diabetes.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14507109", + "text": "25-microL 6 mM Val-Leu-Lys-pNA were added and deltaA/h at room temperature (RT) was monitored, using a microtiterplate reader.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23590882", + "text": "Molecular, genetic, and electrophysiological evidence indicates that at least one of the plant Glu receptor-like molecules, GLR3.4, functions as an amino acid-gated Ca(2+) channel at the plasma membrane.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GLR3.4", + "amino acid-gated Ca(2+) channel", + "Glu receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 124, + 130 + ], + [ + 148, + 179 + ], + [ + 95, + 107 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12956944", + "text": "A long-term intake of ethanol solution down-regulates the phosphorylation of CREB in the nucleus accumbens, and those changes can be reversed by naloxone, which may be one kind of the molecular mechanisms associated with ethanol dependence.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CREB" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 77, + 81 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12065695", + "text": "Rheumatoid synovial cells expressed PPARgamma mRNA, and the PPARgamma ligands 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and troglitazone reduced the proliferation and induced apoptosis in synovial cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PPARgamma", + "PPARgamma" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 36, + 45 + ], + [ + 60, + 69 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23333261", + "text": "It was found that expression of Sim2 protein in cortical neurons was increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rat model.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Sim2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 32, + 36 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23384446", + "text": "Our results suggest that arsenite can potentiate EDHF-type relaxations via a mechanism that is dependent on hydrogen peroxide, thus demonstrating that dismutation of the superoxide anion generated by NADPH oxidase can potentially offset loss of NO bioavailability under conditions of reduced eNOS activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NADPH oxidase", + "eNOS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 199, + 212 + ], + [ + 291, + 295 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9669506", + "text": "Interestingly, venlafaxine, a dual 5-HT and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, displayed only a moderate affinity for the 5-HT transporter (Ki = 74 nM) and a very low affinity for the norepinephrine transporter (Ki = 1.26 microM).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "5-HT transporter", + "norepinephrine transporter" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 122, + 138 + ], + [ + 184, + 210 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23194825", + "text": "Cells exposed to α-MeDA showed an increase in intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, which, at the 48 h time-point, was not dependent in the activity increase of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), revealing a possible transient effect.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase", + "γ-GCS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 159, + 188 + ], + [ + 190, + 195 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12850267", + "text": "The enzyme exists in a cytosolic and in a mitochondrial form because of the presence of two different KATI mRNAs", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "KATI" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 102, + 106 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23551329", + "text": "The unaltered profile in the protein expression of apoptotic molecules PARP, procaspase 3 and Bax was detected, while the p53 protein was decreased.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Bax", + "p53", + "PARP", + "procaspase 3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 93, + 96 + ], + [ + 121, + 124 + ], + [ + 70, + 74 + ], + [ + 76, + 88 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23438471", + "text": "The circadian clock circuitry and the AHR signaling pathway in physiology and pathology.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AHR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 38, + 41 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "2886642", + "text": "and in total gastric fistula or Heidenhain pouch dogs stimulated by betazole (ED50 = 0.12 mg/kg p.o. and 0.08 mg/kg i.v.), histamine, tetragastrin, bethanechol, 2-deoxy-D-glucose or a meal (ED50 values ranged from 0.11-0.26 mg/kg p.o.).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23301897", + "text": "[Mo2(AcO)4] induced circular dichroism procedure.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23074021", + "text": "In the in vivo mutation assays, a significant increase in the gpt and Spi(-) mutant frequencies was observed in both sexes at the carcinogenic dose.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "gpt", + "Spi" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 62, + 65 + ], + [ + 70, + 73 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16199241", + "text": "No dose adjustment appears to be needed based on age.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12850267", + "text": "The tissue distribution of the different transcripts was studied by RT-PCR.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23611293", + "text": "In many cases, novel findings for previously unreported chemical-target combinations clustered with known chemical-target interactions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23019138", + "text": "[1-(methylpiperidin-2-ylmethyl)-3-(2-iodo-5-nitrobenzoyl)indole], the anandamide transport inhibitor AM404, and the CB antagonist rimonabant did not have diuretic effects.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15132128", + "text": "PURPOSE:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "19228178", + "text": "Ramelteon (Rozerem; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan) is an orally active, highly selective melatonin MT(1)/MT(2) receptor agonist.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MT(1)", + "MT(2)" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 121, + 126 + ], + [ + 127, + 132 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23644411", + "text": "Steroidal glycosides from the bulbs of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.)", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "18708991", + "text": "Forty-six white patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone (1-10 mg/d) in monotherapy for 4-6 weeks were genotyped, and their plasma concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone were measured.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17197042", + "text": "Phenotypic characterisation of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pUL54 DNA polymerase is a useful tool for testing for mutations in the UL54 gene thought to render HCMV resistant to foscarnet.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "UL54", + "human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pUL54", + "DNA polymerase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 135, + 139 + ], + [ + 35, + 69 + ], + [ + 70, + 84 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15963471", + "text": "From these results, it is suggested that troglitazone may enhance the vasodilatory effect of adenosine by inhibiting ENT1.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ENT1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 117, + 121 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23481236", + "text": "Normal glucose regulation is achieved by having adequate insulin secretion and effective glucose uptake/disposal.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "insulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 57, + 64 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23628509", + "text": "Cyclopenta[c]phenanthrenes - Chemistry and biological activity.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "3058238", + "text": "Overall response for tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone was 11% with 61% stabilization of disease, versus 12% response rate for tamoxifen and danazol with 59% stabilization.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23238783", + "text": "The bupropion metabolic ratio appears to detect known differences in CYP2B6 activity associated with genetic polymorphism, across different ethnic groups.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP2B6" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 69, + 75 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16846546", + "text": "METHODS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23643883", + "text": "The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, which is an initiator of the activation of caspase cascades, was not observed in ClpP-treated cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "cytochrome c", + "caspase", + "ClpP" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 15, + 27 + ], + [ + 107, + 114 + ], + [ + 145, + 149 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23230273", + "text": "In fact, genome-wide analyses that correlate histone marks with RNA processing signals raise the possibility that specific RNA processing factors may modulate transcription and help to \"write\" chromatin marks.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "19244097", + "text": "Identification of \"agonist\" and \"antagonist\" allosteric modulators of amphetamine-induced dopamine release.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "7944828", + "text": "It is concluded that D-1997 contracts the canine basilar artery by stimulating 5-HT1-like receptors unrelated to either the 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptor subtypes.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "5-HT1-like receptors", + "5-HT1A", + "5-HT1B" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 79, + 99 + ], + [ + 124, + 130 + ], + [ + 134, + 140 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14505791", + "text": "Its apparent volume of distribution is smaller than that of dextrocetirizine (0.41 L kg(-1) vs. 0.60 L kg(-1)).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "18559268", + "text": "By combining the most favorable substitutions we increased the binding affinity of paclitaxel 500-fold.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23534412", + "text": "Anti-platelet therapy is a useful strategy to prevent acute thromboembolic artery occlusions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23300287", + "text": "Diagnosis of GDM was made at 2nd trimester, based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11166732", + "text": "High p53 protein levels, but not genetic or functional p53 status, were associated with increased topotecan-induced DNA/topoisomerase I complex formation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "p53", + "p53", + "topoisomerase I" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 5, + 8 + ], + [ + 55, + 58 + ], + [ + 120, + 135 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23600800", + "text": "ATP-gated P2X3 receptors of sensory ganglion neurons are important transducers of painful stimuli and are modulated by extracellular algogenic substances, via changes in the receptor phosphorylation state.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ATP-gated P2X3 receptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 24 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "20517484", + "text": "The recently completed delayed-start ADAGIO (Attenuation of Disease Progression with Azilect Given Once-daily) trial suggests a potential disease-modifying effect for rasagiline 1 mg/day, though the clinical import of this finding has yet to be established.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "18633030", + "text": "BACKGROUND:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23313376", + "text": "While PTE has been shown to have potent antitumor activity against various types of cancer, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PTE remain largely unknown.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23474889", + "text": "Growing evidence supports a role for the central histaminergic system to have a modulatory influence on drug addiction in general and alcohol-use disorders in particular through histamine H3 receptors (H3R).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "histamine H3 receptors", + "H3R" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 178, + 200 + ], + [ + 202, + 205 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12850267", + "text": "coding for a protein respectively with and without leader sequence targeting the protein into mitochondria.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "leader sequence" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 51, + 66 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11716850", + "text": "The effects of mitiglinide (KAD-1229), a new anti-diabetic drug, on ATP-sensitive K+ channels and insulin secretion: comparison with the sulfonylureas and nateglinide.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ATP-sensitive K+ channels", + "insulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 68, + 93 + ], + [ + 98, + 105 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23569204", + "text": "A comparative phospho-proteomic study identified additional phosphopeptides as possible targets, which show the involvement of these two phosphatases in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "phosphatases" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 134, + 146 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11961111", + "text": "Despite accumulating evidence suggesting that neuronal membrane proteins are potential targets of inhaled anesthetics, most currently favored membrane protein targets lack any direct evidence for anesthetic binding.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11103886", + "text": "We describe here the putative influence of the dose of antipsychotic medication (chlorpromazine equivalents, CPZ), the antipsychotic serum concentration of dopamine (DA) D2-blocking activity and the approximated central dopamine D2-receptor occupancy (DA D2-occupancy), on conditioned blocking (CB) measures of attention and performance on a neuropsychological battery, in 108 patients with schizophrenia (compared with 62 healthy controls).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "dopamine (DA) D2", + "D2-receptor", + "D2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 156, + 172 + ], + [ + 229, + 240 + ], + [ + 255, + 257 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11972613", + "text": "The influence of CysLT antagonists on IL-5 activity was assessed.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 38, + 42 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9399012", + "text": "Zolmitriptan crosses the intact blood-brain barrier to inhibit trigeminovascular activation in the brainstem.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14507899", + "text": "Relative to controls, injection of saline resulted in approximately 40% recovery of dark-adapted a-wave amplitude at 24 hours PI and gradually improved to approximately 90% of controls at 2 months PI.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23325562", + "text": "Conversely, AMPK inhibitor compound C or GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 blocked the cleavages of PARP and caspase 3 induced by ursolic acid in HepG2 cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GSK3β", + "PARP", + "caspase 3", + "AMPK" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 38, + 43 + ], + [ + 88, + 92 + ], + [ + 97, + 106 + ], + [ + 9, + 13 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23165754", + "text": "The data indicated that Col1-EphB4 mice exhibited stiffer and stronger bones after fracture compared with wild-type mice.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Col1", + "EphB4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 24, + 28 + ], + [ + 29, + 34 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16702329", + "text": "1, macrophages were collected from broiler chicks fed 3 or 6% dietary fat (g/100 g) with 0, 25, and 50 mg lutein/kg feed for 23 d. In Expt.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17624589", + "text": "Reduced enzyme activity, due to carriage of the GSTM1 deletion or the GSTP1 Ile105Val Val allele, may therefore affect susceptibility to breast cancer and related conditions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GSTM1", + "GSTP1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 48, + 53 + ], + [ + 70, + 75 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23402364", + "text": "Furthermore, (·)NO products derived from iNOS rapidly reacted with VP-16 leading to decreased DNA damage and cytotoxicity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "iNOS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 37, + 41 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16437532", + "text": "More patients leave ChEI treatment groups, approximately 29 %, on account of adverse events than leave the placebo groups (18%).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23046524", + "text": "Based on these studies, the frequency of spontaneous tail contractions at 26 hpf - a developmental stage with minimal AChE expression and activity - was significantly higher following exposure to paraoxon concentrations as low as 31.2 nM. Overall, our data suggest that (1) normal AChE activity is not required for secondary motoneuron development and (2) spontaneous tail contractions at 26 hpf are sensitive to paraoxon exposure, an effect that may be independent of AChE inhibition.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AChE", + "AChE", + "AChE" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 116, + 120 + ], + [ + 279, + 283 + ], + [ + 467, + 471 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14501155", + "text": "These results suggest that clomipramine induces hyperglycemia in mice by blocking the 5-HT(2B )and/or 5-HT(2C) receptors, which results in facilitation of adrenaline release.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "5-HT(2B )", + "5-HT(2C)" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 86, + 95 + ], + [ + 102, + 110 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12093311", + "text": "Celecoxib and rofecoxib are two relatively new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that selectively inhibit the cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) isoenzyme at therapeutic concentrations.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "cyclo-oxygenase-2", + "COX-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 122, + 139 + ], + [ + 141, + 146 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11034389", + "text": "Also, the two phage most reactive with MICA4 encoded the motif VALxG, and the reverse of this sequence, LAV, was located in this same region.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "VALxG", + "LAV" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 63, + 68 + ], + [ + 104, + 107 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22991330", + "text": "We propose Vγ9Vδ2 T cells show a strong potential to serve as harbingers of possible adverse immune effects of n-BP therapy, particularly in those patients already having a compromised immune system as they may be most vulnerable to the development of conditions such as BAONJ.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23383871", + "text": "Testing chemicals for their endocrine-disrupting potential, including interference with estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, is an important aspect of chemical safety testing.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ER", + "estrogen receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 106, + 108 + ], + [ + 87, + 104 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23348500", + "text": "NCFP binds to the CPPHA site on mGlu5 and potentiates mGlu5-mediated responses in both recombinant and native systems.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "mGlu5", + "mGlu5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 32, + 37 + ], + [ + 54, + 59 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23328072", + "text": "This increased accumulation of fat with low physiological concentrations (10⁻¹³ and 10⁻¹¹  M) was associated with a sequential up-regulation of PPARγ2 (PPARG) and FABP4 mRNA, indicating formation of adipocytes, whereas higher concentrations (≥10⁻⁹  M) reduced all these effects, and the highest concentration (10⁻⁵  M) appeared to have toxic effects.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PPARγ2", + "PPARG", + "FABP4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 84, + 90 + ], + [ + 92, + 97 + ], + [ + 103, + 108 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10693877", + "text": "Rofecoxib at a dose of 25 mg (the highest dose recommended for osteoarthritis) satisfied prespecified criteria for equivalence to placebo.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23410126", + "text": "The androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid hormone receptor that functions as a ligand-dependent transcriptional factor, which plays a key role in the development and progression of prostate cancer.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AR", + "steroid hormone receptor", + "androgen receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 23, + 25 + ], + [ + 32, + 56 + ], + [ + 4, + 21 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23238657", + "text": "These AGE-related changes were independent of heat treatment.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15686475", + "text": "Hence, it is proposed that a conformational change is induced when ApoCaM interacts with GAD65 or tGAD67, resulting in an increase of GAD affinity for PLP and the activation of GAD.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ApoCaM", + "GAD65", + "tGAD67", + "GAD", + "GAD" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 67, + 73 + ], + [ + 89, + 94 + ], + [ + 98, + 104 + ], + [ + 134, + 137 + ], + [ + 177, + 180 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23531031", + "text": "Histone deacetylase inhibitors have been demonstrated as potent anticancer drugs with several different effects on cell viability and differentiation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23583903", + "text": "Our data indicate that CTEP efficiently inhibits cultured HSC-T6 cell activation and proliferation via the TGF-β1/Smad pathway as well as by the elimination of the extracellular matrix.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TGF-β1", + "Smad" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 104, + 110 + ], + [ + 111, + 115 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "18559268", + "text": "As previously observed for epothilones, the positive and negative contributions of the different substituents to the binding free energies are cumulative.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10694244", + "text": "Inhibition by troglitazone of the antigen-induced production of leukotrienes in immunoglobulin E-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "immunoglobulin E" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 80, + 96 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23597450", + "text": "To date no report has been published on anti-inflammatory activities of prunetin.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "20541672", + "text": "Obviously, since prostate cancer usually grows and metastasizes without signs or symptoms, screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is absolutely needed to diagnose prostate cancer at an 'early' stage before metastasis occurs and the cancer becomes non-curable.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "prostate-specific antigen", + "PSA" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 106, + 131 + ], + [ + 133, + 136 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14508322", + "text": "This effect of etomidate may contribute to the cardiovascular stability of patients after induction of anesthesia with etomidate.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22878908", + "text": "For all the parameters, there were no significant differences between the osteoblast cultures alone and the HCG/osteoblast co-cultures.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23611293", + "text": "Literature analysis confirmed >50% of the activities for the most potent chemical-assay pairs (56), but also revealed 10 missed interactions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15177307", + "text": "The protein-bound fraction of lumiracoxib exceeded 98% both in healthy control subjects and in those with moderate hepatic insufficiency.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11156594", + "text": "Peptidergic neurones accumulate amines via an unusual uptake process, designated", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23587649", + "text": "In contrast to MF synapses, LTP at neighboring associative/commissural (A/C) fiber synapses remained unaffected.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23423713", + "text": "In vivo, V(5+) alone did not significantly alter Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, or Cyp1b1 mRNA, protein, or catalytic activity levels.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Cyp1a1", + "Cyp1a2", + "Cyp1b1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 42, + 48 + ], + [ + 50, + 56 + ], + [ + 61, + 67 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12606421", + "text": "Thereafter, the levels of the GnRH-R mRNA decline slightly until Day 55 (33% decrease vs. Day 35).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GnRH-R" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 30, + 36 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17034761", + "text": "Auranofin, an Au(I) compound, is a well-known and long-used anti-rheumatic drug.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15132128", + "text": "In six tumors, TP was more intense that DPD, suggesting capecitabine sensitivity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TP", + "DPD" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 15, + 17 + ], + [ + 40, + 43 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "7958159", + "text": "The only significant change between the beginning of the induction of labor and the end of the first stage of labor was a rise in t-PA antigen (P = 0.01).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "t-PA" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 130, + 134 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19780818", + "text": "Pannexin 1 (Panx1), a member of the second gap junction protein family identified in vertebrates, appears to preferentially form non-junctional membrane channels.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Pannexin 1", + "Panx1", + "gap junction protein" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 10 + ], + [ + 12, + 17 + ], + [ + 43, + 63 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11792932", + "text": "RESULTS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17434872", + "text": "However, the molecular basis of its COX-2 inhibition has not been completely defined.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "COX-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 36, + 41 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23531536", + "text": "It is associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15120421", + "text": "The aromatic A-ring derivatives-stimulated transcription of an estrogen-responsive reporter plasmid in MCF-7 and T47D-CO human breast cancer cells but were much less potent than estradiol.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23639362", + "text": "To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of CRE, we measured striatal dopamine, movement ability, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, and apoptosis-related protein expression levels after treatment of CRE either with or without 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in ovariectomized female mice.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "tyrosine hydroxylase", + "TH" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 96, + 116 + ], + [ + 118, + 120 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "3345199", + "text": "Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by the organophosphate soman (1,2,2-trimethyl-propylmethylphosphonofluoridate) rapidly becomes resistant to reactivation by oximes due to dealkylation of the soman-enzyme complex.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Acetylcholinesterase", + "AChE" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 20 + ], + [ + 22, + 26 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15066664", + "text": "Phenyl ring substitutions were examined including para-methyl, para-fluoro, para-chloro, ortho-chloro and meta-chloro.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23532634", + "text": "In four (10 %)", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23429912", + "text": "The genes and signaling pathways affected by TCDD that are responsible for disrupting prostate development are largely unknown.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23623751", + "text": "In both OFC and mPFC, no strain differences in Vmax or Km for dopamine uptake into synaptosomes were found between vehicle-treated SHR, WKY and WIS.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17390078", + "text": "However, atropine significantly inhibited this increase.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10891536", + "text": "5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) and 5-trifluorothymidine (F3(d)Thd) are antimetabolites which are metabolized to their corresponding active forms which inhibit DNA synthesis via inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "thymidylate synthase", + "TS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 216, + 236 + ], + [ + 238, + 240 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23583806", + "text": "Therefore, garlic formulations involving heating procedures have been developed.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23194532", + "text": "Moreover, green tea extract administration significantly increased (p<0.05) the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd) in the liver.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "catalase", + "glutathione peroxidase", + "GSH-Px", + "glutathione reductase", + "GSH-Rd" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 94, + 102 + ], + [ + 104, + 126 + ], + [ + 128, + 134 + ], + [ + 140, + 161 + ], + [ + 163, + 169 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11034583", + "text": "While 5-HT(4) agonists are used as prokinetic agents, the physiological role of 5-HT(4) receptors in the human gut is unknown.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "5-HT(4)", + "5-HT(4)" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 6, + 13 + ], + [ + 80, + 87 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16395286", + "text": "We also assessed the potential relevant signaling pathway in vitro to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the MMP-9 inhibition by tetracyclines.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MMP-9" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 110, + 115 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23578644", + "text": "CLA significantly increased bone markers without major changes in bone mineral composition in the femur compared to respective controls.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17488480", + "text": "Hydrogen sulfide acts as a mediator of inflammation in acute pancreatitis: in vitro studies using isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23333577", + "text": "However, the growth inhibitory activity against cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23620436", + "text": "Three-dimensional reconstruction of the prostatic complex showed that the DL developed tumors exclusively in the periurethral area and showed intense AR, PCNA, and MGMT immunostaining.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AR", + "PCNA", + "MGMT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 145, + 147 + ], + [ + 149, + 153 + ], + [ + 159, + 163 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23564921", + "text": "SGLT2 inhibition modeled by iHOMA2 resulted in a decrease in mean glucose of 1.1 mmol/L. Observed data showed a decrease in glucose of 0.9 mmol/L.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22972179", + "text": "Phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 increased by 1.4-fold within 5 min, and remained elevated throughout a 30-min time course, in response to 2-deoxyglucose.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AMPK" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 19, + 23 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15114505", + "text": "The prenylflavonoids without C3-OH ( 1, 2, 3) showed stronger inhibition than those with C3-OH ( 4, 5).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23571107", + "text": "Using mice lacking neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) in type II collagen-expressing cells, (Nf1col2(-/-) mutant mice), we then show that lack of neurofibromin in post-mitotic chondrocytes triggers a number of phenotypes reminiscent of the ones observed in mice characterized by FGFR gain-of-function mutations.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "neurofibromin 1", + "Nf1", + "type II collagen", + "Nf1", + "col2", + "neurofibromin", + "FGFR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 19, + 34 + ], + [ + 36, + 39 + ], + [ + 44, + 60 + ], + [ + 80, + 83 + ], + [ + 83, + 87 + ], + [ + 133, + 146 + ], + [ + 266, + 270 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17253779", + "text": "The dual enzymatic activity of zRetSat A displays a newly acquired specificity for the 13-14 double bond retained in higher vertebrates and also the evolutionarily preserved activity of bacterial phytoene desaturases and plant carotenoid isomerases.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "zRetSat A", + "bacterial phytoene desaturases", + "plant carotenoid isomerases" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 31, + 40 + ], + [ + 186, + 216 + ], + [ + 221, + 248 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23142507", + "text": "The beta-sheet consisted of a single stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet (b1.1 at Glu43-Lys45 and b1.2 at Lys48-Asn50) that was highly similar to the conserved sequences (-CGXG-, -CCXXHDXC- and CXCEXXXXXC-) of Apis mellifera (bee) phospholipases.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "phospholipases" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 229, + 243 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23455314", + "text": "Elucidating the structural determinants and mechanism of action by which allosteric regulators control gating will enhance our understanding of NMDA receptor activation and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "NMDA receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 144, + 157 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23349501", + "text": "These findings indicate that impaired biosynthesis of certain SPM and SPM precursors including 17-HDHA and protectin D1 contributes to adipose tissue inflammation in obesity and suggest 17-HDHA as a novel treatment option for obesity-associated complications.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15078100", + "text": "Kinetic mechanism of quinone oxidoreductase 2 and its inhibition by the antimalarial quinolines.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "quinone oxidoreductase 2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 21, + 45 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10988273", + "text": "On the basis of data obtained in rabbits, the imidazoline receptor ligand rilmenidine has been suggested to decrease blood pressure in humans by activating central alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors", + "imidazoline receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 164, + 187 + ], + [ + 46, + 66 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "2833901", + "text": "These observations suggest that some of the pharmacological actions of felodipine on smooth muscle may involve inhibition of calmodulin-dependent enzymes which are functionally involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "calmodulin-dependent enzymes" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 125, + 153 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23373869", + "text": "The UDRs of high volume surgeons were significantly smaller than low volume surgeons (0.003 vs. 0.025, p = 0.002).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22484424", + "text": "Translation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and cyclin D1 mRNAs, which encode products associated with the metastatic phenotype, is inhibited upon eIF4E suppression.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "vascular endothelial growth factor", + "VEGF", + "matrix metallopeptidase 9", + "MMP9", + "cyclin D1", + "eIF4E" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 15, + 49 + ], + [ + 51, + 55 + ], + [ + 58, + 83 + ], + [ + 85, + 89 + ], + [ + 95, + 104 + ], + [ + 194, + 199 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14757703", + "text": "Overexpression of beta 1-adrenoceptors in adult rat ventricular myocytes enhances CGP 12177A cardiostimulation: implications for 'putative' beta 4-adrenoceptor pharmacology.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "beta 4-adrenoceptor", + "beta 1-adrenoceptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 140, + 159 + ], + [ + 18, + 38 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23147414", + "text": "GABA type A receptors (GABA(A)-R) are important for ethanol actions and it is of interest to link individual subunits with specific ethanol behaviors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GABA type A receptors", + "GABA(A)-R" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 21 + ], + [ + 23, + 32 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23294255", + "text": "Docking studies revealed a potential binding mode in the widely open active site of plasmin that explains the strong potency and selectivity profile of these inhibitors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "plasmin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 83, + 90 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9928259", + "text": "These and other data have generated a working hypothesis that activation of the terminal serotonin autoreceptor enhances the kinetics of 5-HT uptake through an effect on the serotonin transporter.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "serotonin transporter", + "serotonin autoreceptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 174, + 195 + ], + [ + 89, + 111 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23397055", + "text": "DOCA-salt arteries were resistant to adenosine and CPA-mediated inhibition of NE release and constriction.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15932636", + "text": "Western blot analysis was used to determine any effect of DEC on the production of COX and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "COX", + "nitric-oxide synthase", + "iNOS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 83, + 86 + ], + [ + 101, + 122 + ], + [ + 124, + 128 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16399380", + "text": "A cysteine residue in place of the catalytic tyrosine or serine residues found in other GSTs was shown to form a mixed disulfide with glutathione.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GSTs" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 88, + 92 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12398910", + "text": "This observation suggests that MDMA-induced reductions in SERT density do not represent neuroadaptive responses to decreased levels of brain serotonin, but may occur in response to some other stimulus or to the neurotoxic effects of MDMA.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "SERT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 58, + 62 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23620436", + "text": "RESULTS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17545671", + "text": "The cAspAT TZD-responsive site was restricted to a single AGGACA hexanucleotide located at -381 to -376 bp whose mutation impaired the specific RORalpha binding.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "RORalpha", + "cAspAT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 144, + 152 + ], + [ + 4, + 10 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23260350", + "text": "Benzofuran 28 showed dose responsive target engagement and provides a useful tool to explore a LTA(4)H inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "LTA(4)H" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 95, + 102 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "21712771", + "text": "METHODS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17553661", + "text": "4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a mutagenic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde produced during oxidative injury that is conjugated by several glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoforms.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "glutathione S-transferase", + "GST" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 135, + 160 + ], + [ + 162, + 165 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17390078", + "text": "There was also an increase in c-kit, Trio, Rho-A, Rac-3, EGFR, Notch-4, Dvl-2, Ezrin, beta catenin and mutant p53 protein expression in the parathion-treated cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "c-kit", + "Trio", + "Rho-A", + "Rac-3", + "EGFR", + "Notch-4", + "Dvl-2", + "Ezrin", + "beta catenin", + "p53" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 30, + 35 + ], + [ + 37, + 41 + ], + [ + 43, + 48 + ], + [ + 50, + 55 + ], + [ + 57, + 61 + ], + [ + 63, + 70 + ], + [ + 72, + 77 + ], + [ + 79, + 84 + ], + [ + 86, + 98 + ], + [ + 110, + 113 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23444334", + "text": "The treatment of mice with Fe-NTA alone enhances ornithine decarboxylase activity to 4.6 folds, protein carbonyl formation increased up to 2.9 folds and DNA synthesis expressed in terms of [(3)H] thymidine incorporation increased to 3.2 folds, and antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes decreased to 1.8-2.5 folds, compared with the corresponding saline-treated controls.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ornithine decarboxylase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 49, + 72 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16343532", + "text": "The microcystins and nodularins are tumour promoting hepatotoxins that are responsible for global adverse human health effects and wildlife fatalities in countries where drinking water supplies contain cyanobacteria.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16281286", + "text": "Seven mutations were seen almost exclusively in black patients, including the previously reported c.2150G>T (p.G717V) mutation, which was identified in 12 of 29 black patients.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "G>T", + "G717V" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 104, + 107 + ], + [ + 111, + 116 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "2571203", + "text": "Patients were entered into a randomized trial of prophylaxis for renal allograft rejection by the administration of an anti-human IL-2 receptor antibody, anti-Tac, during the first ten days posttransplant.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human IL-2 receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 124, + 143 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12904467", + "text": "Topiramate also partially depressed predominantly AMPA-receptor-mediated EPSCs, but with lower efficacy.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AMPA-receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 50, + 63 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10702256", + "text": "In this study we identify and characterize SPACRCAN, a novel chondroitin proteoglycan in this matrix.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "SPACRCAN" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 43, + 51 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23633521", + "text": "To investigate the molecular events underlying these observations, we used microarray analysis to compare gene expression in Klf3(+/+) and Klf3(-/-)", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Klf3", + "Klf3" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 124, + 128 + ], + [ + 138, + 142 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23411259", + "text": "Osbeck var.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "3345199", + "text": "Effects of some mono- and bisquaternary ammonium compounds on the reactivatability of soman-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase in vitro.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human acetylcholinesterase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 102, + 128 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23337256", + "text": "In preclinical studies, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the medial prefrontal cortex and the eukaryotic elongation factor (eEF2) in the hippocampus have been proposed as critical mediators of ketamine's rapid antidepressant actions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "mammalian target of rapamycin", + "mTOR", + "eukaryotic elongation factor", + "eEF2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 28, + 57 + ], + [ + 59, + 63 + ], + [ + 105, + 133 + ], + [ + 135, + 139 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23293962", + "text": "Taken together, the results of the present study have characterized HAI-2 as an inhibitor of matriptase-2 that modulates the synthesis of hepcidin and provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of iron homoeostasis, with clinical importance for a treatment of iron overload diseases.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "HAI-2", + "matriptase-2", + "hepcidin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 68, + 73 + ], + [ + 93, + 105 + ], + [ + 138, + 146 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14508322", + "text": "In membranes from HEK293 cells transfected with alpha2-receptors, etomidate inhibited binding of the alpha2-antagonist, [3H]RX821002, with higher potency from alpha2B- and alpha2C-receptors than from alpha2A-receptors (Ki alpha2A 208 microm, alpha2B 26 microm, alpha2C 56 microm).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "alpha2-receptors", + "alpha2B- and alpha2C-receptors", + "alpha2A-receptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 48, + 64 + ], + [ + 159, + 189 + ], + [ + 200, + 217 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23574017", + "text": "Since the prevalent hormonal combination therapy with estrogen analogues in cancer patients has frequency and possibility to induce the cholestasis, the frequent combination therapy with 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE, an oral contraceptive) and doxorubicin (an anticancer drug) might be monitored in aspect of efficacy and safety.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14871882", + "text": "The fate of L-ornithine may depend on the cellular context.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15066664", + "text": "We have found that phenyl ring substitutions with electron withdrawing properties resulted in compounds with greater activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23261645", + "text": "These results support the hypothesis that the toxicity observed in rats and dogs is due to toxic effects of jaspamide on cardiomyocytes.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16516814", + "text": "Involvement of EP1 and EP2 receptors in the regulation of the Na,K-ATPase by prostaglandins in MDCK cells.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "EP1", + "EP2 receptors", + "Na,K-ATPase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 15, + 18 + ], + [ + 23, + 36 + ], + [ + 62, + 73 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23358194", + "text": "Transcriptomic profiles revealed 21, 62, and 64 genes with altered expression in the 0.3, 3, and 30 ppb atrazine treatments, respectively.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23578607", + "text": "Glutathione conjugation attenuates biological activities of 6-dehydroshogaol from ginger.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "8103526", + "text": "In animals, the R-enantiomer of timolol causes a significant reduction in intraocular pressure but had only 1/80 the activity of the S-enantiomer at extraocular receptors.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "extraocular receptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 149, + 170 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23380082", + "text": "In the present study, liver toxicity of the three phenolic acids was assessed on the three compounds singly and in various binary and one ternary combinations.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17593236", + "text": "In patients who underwent a meal tolerance test (n = 134), sitagliptin decreased 2-h post-prandial glucose (PPG) by 36.1 mg/dl (p < 0.001) relative to placebo.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15908512", + "text": "Finally, equilibrium dissociation constants (pK(b)) of subtype-selective betaAR antagonists were functionally determined to characterize the AR subtype modulating hippocampal CA3 activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "betaAR", + "AR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 73, + 79 + ], + [ + 141, + 143 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19482847", + "text": "Lowering interleukin-1 activity with anakinra improves myocardial deformation in rheumatoid arthritis.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "interleukin-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 9, + 22 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15635044", + "text": "Mammalian type I and II gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors (GnRHRs) show differential ligand preference for GnRH-I and GnRH-II, respectively.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Mammalian type I and II gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors", + "GnRH-I", + "GnRH-II", + "GnRHRs" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 71 + ], + [ + 121, + 127 + ], + [ + 132, + 139 + ], + [ + 73, + 79 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16690332", + "text": "The unique properties of HNS make it an excellent model system for probing how the heme environment tunes NO dynamics and for comparing it to the endothelial NO synthase heme domain (eNOS(HD)) using ultrafast transient spectroscopy.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "HNS", + "endothelial NO synthase heme domain", + "eNOS(HD)" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 28 + ], + [ + 146, + 181 + ], + [ + 183, + 191 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15650315", + "text": "In addition, cysteinyl leukotrienes per se failed to upregulate the IL-5 production.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 68, + 72 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12047490", + "text": "Paired variables were analysed using Wilcoxons signed rank test.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17418819", + "text": "Such a challenge induced a larger increase and more transient p44/42MAPK activation in HCEC than RCEC.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "p44/42MAPK" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 62, + 72 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15562257", + "text": "We also tested whether mibefradil interacted with slow-inactivated state(s).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12183670", + "text": "Moreover, bupropion inhibited both nicotine-evoked [(3)H]DA overflow (IC(50) = 1.27 microM) and nicotine-evoked [(3)H]NE overflow (IC(50) = 323 nM) at bupropion concentrations well below those eliciting intrinsic activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "20372850", + "text": "TAS-102 is a novel drug containing trifluorothymidine, which is phosphorylated by TK-1 to its active monophosphated form, that in turn can inhibit TS.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TK-1", + "TS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 82, + 86 + ], + [ + 147, + 149 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17333137", + "text": "Only the highest dose of rolipram (3.2 mg/kg) produced a modest but significant degree of catalepsy.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "6687626", + "text": "Among the primary translation products a single polypeptide of Mr approximately 16,500 was shown to contain antigenic determinants recognized by specific antisera against bovine neurophysin I and oxytocin.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "bovine neurophysin I", + "oxytocin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 171, + 191 + ], + [ + 196, + 204 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19429089", + "text": "Inhibitory effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the vesicular monoamine transporter 2.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "vesicular monoamine transporter 2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 68, + 101 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "18465538", + "text": "Flavopiridol Hoechst AG.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "1705633", + "text": "Enalkiren (A-64662), a potent, dipeptide renin inhibitor, mimics the transition state of the human renin substrate, angiotensinogen.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "angiotensinogen", + "renin", + "human renin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 116, + 131 + ], + [ + 41, + 46 + ], + [ + 93, + 104 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "21712771", + "text": "OBJECTIVE:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23074021", + "text": "The relative weight of the liver of the male and female rats that were administered 100mg/kg MEG and the absolute weight of the liver of the male rats that were administered 100mg/kg MEG were significantly increased.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "1386491", + "text": "After 10 days of treatment, basal ANP was increased and basal aldosterone was decreased.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ANP" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 34, + 37 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15898717", + "text": "The results are supported by modeling and simulation of the binding, using Self-Avoiding-Walk calculations for the polymer conformations.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23116965", + "text": "We investigated the direct actions of ECG on the modulation of ion currents and cardiac cell excitability in the primary culture of neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM), which is considered a hypertrophic model for analysis of myocardial arrhythmias.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11961111", + "text": "The molecular pharmacology of inhalational anesthetics remains poorly understood.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23314320", + "text": "The current U.S. military and civilian oxime countermeasure, 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-methylpyridin-1-ium chloride (2-PAM), is under consideration for replacement with a more effective acetylcholinesterase reactivator, 1,1'-methylenebis{4-hydroxyiminomethyl}pyridinium dimethanesulfonate (MMB-4).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "acetylcholinesterase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 187, + 207 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12650833", + "text": "[3H]naloxone from its specific binding sites, which indicates that they do not interact at the opioid receptor level.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "opioid receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 95, + 110 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15931605", + "text": "We investigated the safety and the HGA-depleting efficacy of nitisinone in an open-label, single-center study of 9 alkaptonuria patients (5 women, 4 men; 35-69 years of age) over the course of 3 to 4 months.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "2855105", + "text": "After loperamide (16 mg orally) or placebo administration, 5 patients received LVP (0.06 IU/kg i.v. over 1 h) and 6 patients received oCRH (1 micrograms/kg i.v. as bolus).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "LVP", + "oCRH" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 79, + 82 + ], + [ + 134, + 138 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "21712771", + "text": "RESULTS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15177307", + "text": "There were no significant differences between subjects with moderate hepatic insufficiency and healthy subjects in the area under the lumiracoxib plasma concentration-time curves (AUC(0-infinity)): 29.2 +/- 6.7 microg h ml(-1) versus 28.7 +/- 6.3 mircrog h ml(-1).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17929831", + "text": "The tetramer dissociates into dimers with a minor increase in ionic strength of the buffer, while the dimer is extremely stable and does not dissociate even at 1.2 M NaCl.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12188035", + "text": "These GCs also had full transactivation agonistic activity in CV-1 cells transfected with human GR.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human GR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 90, + 98 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15126366", + "text": "I3A was unable to cause the same extent of association of the C1b domain of PKC-delta with lipids, compared with PMA or the physiological regulator diacylglycerol, and was able to partially block the association induced by these agents, measured by surface plasmon resonance.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "C1b domain", + "PKC-delta" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 62, + 72 + ], + [ + 76, + 85 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12398910", + "text": "MDMA- and p-chlorophenylalanine-induced reduction in 5-HT concentrations: effects on serotonin transporter densities.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "serotonin transporter" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 85, + 106 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22968082", + "text": "We then tested AMPH in B6 and BTBR on the 3-chambered social approach task.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14984733", + "text": "Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is made in mammalian cells by two PtdSer synthases, PSS1 and PSS2.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PtdSer synthases", + "PSS1", + "PSS2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 62, + 78 + ], + [ + 80, + 84 + ], + [ + 89, + 93 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22749842", + "text": "We recently reported synergistic action between phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) as DISC1 interacting proteins.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "phosphodiesterase-4", + "PDE4", + "glycogen synthase kinase-3", + "GSK-3", + "DISC1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 48, + 67 + ], + [ + 69, + 73 + ], + [ + 79, + 105 + ], + [ + 107, + 112 + ], + [ + 117, + 122 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "1680855", + "text": "These G-proteins are likely to be involved in the adrenaline-induced inhibition of dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ currents and in other signal transduction pathways contributing to the adrenaline-induced inhibition of insulin secretion.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "G-proteins", + "insulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 6, + 16 + ], + [ + 218, + 225 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17929831", + "text": "This short AdSS has two large deletions that map to the middle and C-terminus of the protein.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AdSS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 11, + 15 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16291771", + "text": "In hormonal contraceptives, progestins represent the major agent designed for suppressing ovulation and are used in combination with estrogen (E) usually ethinyl-estradiol (EE).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23182954", + "text": "In order to understand the toxic mechanisms of cardiovascular system injuries induced by ambient PM(2.5) and/or ozone, a subacute toxicological animal experiment was designed with exposure twice a week for 3 continuous weeks.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23335025", + "text": "However, anti-cancer effects of GBE on ER-negative breast cancer have not been proved yet.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ER" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 38, + 40 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23163726", + "text": "The human genome codes for 13 members of a family of filament-forming GTP-binding proteins known as septins.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "septins", + "GTP-binding proteins" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 100, + 107 + ], + [ + 70, + 90 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17085856", + "text": "The discontinuation of chronic treatment with temazepam or diazepam decreased seizure threshold (one of BDZ withdrawal signs).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23640331", + "text": "We found that in response to hormone treatment, the PR is recruited to these sites along with two histone acetyltransferases CREB-binding protein (CBP) and GCN5, leading to an increase in histone H3 and H4 acetylation and to the binding of the SWI/SNF complex.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PR", + "histone acetyltransferases", + "CREB-binding protein", + "CBP", + "GCN5", + "histone H3", + "H4", + "SWI/SNF complex" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 52, + 54 + ], + [ + 98, + 124 + ], + [ + 125, + 145 + ], + [ + 147, + 150 + ], + [ + 156, + 160 + ], + [ + 188, + 198 + ], + [ + 203, + 205 + ], + [ + 244, + 259 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19683471", + "text": "These kinases are thus potential drug targets against insulin resistance and the targeting of the IKKbeta/NF-kappaB or the JNK pathway may evolve into future diabetes medication.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "kinases", + "insulin", + "IKKbeta", + "NF-kappaB", + "JNK" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 6, + 13 + ], + [ + 54, + 61 + ], + [ + 98, + 105 + ], + [ + 106, + 115 + ], + [ + 123, + 126 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12606421", + "text": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene expression during pubertal development of male rats.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 39 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23409763", + "text": "Despite this success there are many important aspects of GPCR pharmacology and function that have yet to be exploited to their full therapeutic potential.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GPCR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 57, + 61 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10796631", + "text": "SELECTION CRITERIA:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23154865", + "text": "The computational and functional analysis indicates that mutants have higher propensity to neutralize Bax protein by heterodimerization and have increased caspase-9 suppression capability, which is responsible for enhanced survival.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "caspase-9", + "Bax" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 154, + 163 + ], + [ + 101, + 104 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16846546", + "text": "Only bromfenac 0.09% had a significant effect on the contralateral eye, suggesting possible systemic absorption of this drug.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11906441", + "text": "Tamoxifen does not reduce the incidence of ER-negative cancers, nor does it appear to be effective in preventing the appearance of one third of ER-positive cancers.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ER", + "ER" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 43, + 45 + ], + [ + 144, + 146 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "14600253", + "text": "= 5.4 pmol/mg/min, K(m) = 34 microM, and K(d) = 0.0069 microl/mg/min; in the presence of p-aminohippurate, the parameters were: V(max)", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "2568212", + "text": "The absence of substantial sedative effects and the less-frequent dosing schedules make these agents good alternatives to the classic antihistamines for treatment of seasonal and chronic rhinitis and chronic urticaria.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23454835", + "text": "Both cyclin B1 and p-cdc2 levels increased, while cyclin B1 remained in the cytoplasm; suggesting arrest in the G2/M transition point.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "cyclin B1", + "p-cdc2", + "cyclin B1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 5, + 14 + ], + [ + 19, + 25 + ], + [ + 50, + 59 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "2568212", + "text": "Infrequently reported adverse effects include dry mouth, skin reactions, and weight gain.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12387707", + "text": "Escitalopram has linear pharmacokinetics, so that plasma levels increase proportionately and predictably with increased doses and its half-life of 27 - 32 h is consistent with once-daily dosing.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17896959", + "text": "It is possible that this property is partly responsible for their antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23292797", + "text": "We find that with use of [(35)S]guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate, first, with forms of G(i) endogenous to human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells made to express epitope-tagged receptors and, second, with individual forms of Gα(i) fused to the C terminus of each receptor, Smo is equivalent to the 5-HT(1A) receptor in the assay as it relates to capacity to activate G(i).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "G(i)", + "Gα(i)", + "Smo", + "5-HT(1A)", + "G(i)" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 90, + 94 + ], + [ + 227, + 232 + ], + [ + 275, + 278 + ], + [ + 300, + 308 + ], + [ + 369, + 373 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23216335", + "text": "We measured plasma PMPs and determined anthropometric, metabolic, hormonal and ultrasonographic features of PCOS in 67 overweight/obese women with PCOS (with body mass index [BMI] >25.0 kg/m(2))", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10411647", + "text": "Moreover, the ligand-bound forms of the enzyme also showed a decreased resistance to limited tryptic proteolysis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17479245", + "text": "Intravenous arginine significantly increased the acute glucagon response (129 +/- 12 vs 36 +/- 6 ng/l in controls; p < 0.01), notably without affecting plasma glucose.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "glucagon" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 55, + 63 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15199474", + "text": "The results of large clinical trials have demonstrated an overall benefit of clopidogrel over aspirin in the prevention of vascular ischemic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular death) in patients with a history of symptomatic atherosclerotic disease.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17034586", + "text": "Interferon-gamma is causatively involved in experimental inflammatory bowel disease in mice.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Interferon-gamma" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 16 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "2571203", + "text": "We found that large numbers of T cells express IL-2 receptors despite the presence of anti-Tac (average of IL-2 R-positive cells at day of peak IL-2 R expression 56.0 +/- 20.8% in group A, 65.2 +/- 26.6% in group B, 21.0 +/- 7.4% in group C).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IL-2 receptors", + "IL-2 R", + "IL-2 R" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 47, + 61 + ], + [ + 107, + 113 + ], + [ + 144, + 150 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "7680751", + "text": "Cloning and expression of a novel serotonin receptor with high affinity for tricyclic psychotropic drugs.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "serotonin receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 34, + 52 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17510308", + "text": "RESULTS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23316965", + "text": "Particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9 contribute to the degradation and reorganization of the ECM components and are involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular remodeling.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MMP-2", + "MMP-9" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 13, + 18 + ], + [ + 23, + 28 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12167567", + "text": "Eight male human subjects each received a single 50-mg oral dose of [(14)C]valdecoxib.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12668276", + "text": "Abundant and contradictory literature exists on the relationship between circulating thyroid hormone levels, thyroid diseases and human cancer.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14613270", + "text": "RESULTS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "21631396", + "text": "We found that PSE inhibits interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-gene transcription in stimulated Jurkat cells, a human T-cell leukemia cell line.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "interleukin-2", + "IL-2", + "tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 27, + 40 + ], + [ + 42, + 46 + ], + [ + 52, + 85 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23193186", + "text": "Both models of hyperglycemia reduced embryo size, increased mortality, and delayed development.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23127916", + "text": "The two basic mainstays of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) treatment are surgery and imatinib, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor that allows achieving a stable or responding disease in about 80% of patients with unresectable/metastatic GIST.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "tyrosine kinase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 115, + 130 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10712236", + "text": "The above results indicate that polyamine depletion delays the onset of apoptosis in IEC-6 cells and confers protection against DNA damaging agents, suggesting that polyamines might be involved in the caspase activating signal cascade.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "caspase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 201, + 208 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10446934", + "text": "When cilazapril and losartan were administered at higher doses (30 mg/kg, orally), the two drugs equally shifted the pressure-natriuresis curves leftward, by 50 mmHg.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23337607", + "text": "Exposure of pregnant rhesus monkeys to relatively low levels of BPA during the final 2 months of gestation, induced abnormalities in fetal ventral mesencephalon and hippocampus.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23534412", + "text": "This study was designed to assess the efficacy of seselin derivatives against murine pulmonary thromboembolism, bleeding time, platelet activation and thrombosis.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23531488", + "text": "OATP2B1 is widely expressed in tissues including the small intestine, liver, kidney, placenta, heart, skeletal muscle and platelets.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "OATP2B1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 7 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23376161", + "text": "We suggest that catalpol, a major constituent of the fresh roots of R. glutinosa, contributes to the prevention of AGE-mediated diabetic complications.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "18381445", + "text": "In vitro cell proliferation and in vivo tumor growth were both inhibited by statins.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16757355", + "text": "Thus, sorafenib may inhibit tumor growth by a dual mechanism, acting either directly on the tumor (through inhibition of Raf and Kit signaling) and/or on tumor angiogenesis (through inhibition of VEGFR and PDGFR signaling).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Raf", + "Kit", + "VEGFR", + "PDGFR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 121, + 124 + ], + [ + 129, + 132 + ], + [ + 196, + 201 + ], + [ + 206, + 211 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23330847", + "text": "Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) regulates cell survival and development, with roles in aging, heart disease, and cancer.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "IGF1R" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 42, + 47 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "19275550", + "text": "In this paper, we review the clinical utility of acarbose in various cardiometabolic disorders.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23265893", + "text": "It is often more important for imaging agents to identify local and distant spread of disease than it is to identify a specific receptor presence.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12513997", + "text": "L-proline accumulation", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "10095983", + "text": "Obesity is an increasing health problem in most developed countries and its prevalence is also increasing in developing countries.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14871882", + "text": "In the kidney, L-ornithine is reabsorbed along the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), transported by basolateral carriers, and produced by arginase II (AII).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "arginase II", + "AII" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 138, + 149 + ], + [ + 151, + 154 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16809928", + "text": "SSTR2 and SSTR5 are usually expressed in GH-secreting pituitary tumors, and both octreotide and lanreotide bind preferentially to SSTR2 and, to a lesser extent, to SSTR5.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "SSTR2", + "SSTR5", + "GH", + "SSTR2", + "SSTR5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 5 + ], + [ + 10, + 15 + ], + [ + 41, + 43 + ], + [ + 130, + 135 + ], + [ + 164, + 169 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15547682", + "text": "This led us to investigate whether PHA1 can also be associated with mutations in some of these genes.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22874922", + "text": "Novel non-canonical TGF-β signaling networks: emerging roles in airway smooth muscle phenotype and function.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TGF-β" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 20, + 25 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9669506", + "text": "In vitro radioligand binding studies were carried out in rat brain membranes to assess the affinity of various reuptake inhibitors for the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and the norepinephrine transporters using the selective ligands [3H]cyanoimipramine and [3H]nisoxetine, respectively.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and the norepinephrine transporters" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 139, + 212 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17016711", + "text": "We have compared two synthetic glucorticoids, dexamethasone and prednisolone, in their ability to suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in depressed patients.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16206183", + "text": "Monkeys were trained to respond under a second-order schedule for i.v. cocaine administration (0.10 or 0.30 mg/kg/infusion).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23386702", + "text": "Reversible inhibition of 4-nitrophenyl acetate hydrolysis by the acyl glucuronides was also studied.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "12907443", + "text": "Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) decreases polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) and improves outcomes in sickle cell disease (SSD).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Fetal hemoglobin", + "HbF", + "sickle hemoglobin", + "HbS" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 16 + ], + [ + 18, + 21 + ], + [ + 51, + 68 + ], + [ + 70, + 73 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23232123", + "text": "When inherited in a compound heterozygous fashion these mutations result in Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) type II.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16978033", + "text": "FK778, is a synthetic malononitrilamide that targets the critical enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis, dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase, and receptor-associated tyrosine kinases has completed phase II trials.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase", + "receptor-associated tyrosine kinases" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 110, + 142 + ], + [ + 148, + 184 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23000249", + "text": "The SVMPs were subdivided into the P-I, P-II and P-III protein classes.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "SVMPs" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 4, + 9 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "9466983", + "text": "Differential interactions of heparin and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans with the selectins.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "selectins" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 85, + 94 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11287128", + "text": "The rate of factor Xa inhibition by antithrombin increased with the concentration of the examined heparins to the same limiting value, but the concentration required for maximal acceleration depended on the preparation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "factor Xa", + "antithrombin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 12, + 21 + ], + [ + 36, + 48 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22981796", + "text": "Validation of an in vitro exposure system for toxicity assessment of air-delivered nanomaterials.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23152189", + "text": "Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) antagonists blocked the response of many transcripts to TCDD, and the endpoints of decreased ATP production and differentiation, suggesting regulation by the AHR.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Aryl hydrocarbon receptor", + "AHR", + "AHR" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 25 + ], + [ + 27, + 30 + ], + [ + 190, + 193 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23266505", + "text": "Furthermore, treatment with spironoclactone not only attenuated the pro-apoptotic effect of ALD but reversed the ALD-induced increase of calpain and AIF levels.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "calpain", + "AIF" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 134, + 141 + ], + [ + 146, + 149 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23481236", + "text": "Cells were also evaluated in the presence of wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases and thus AKt (0-100 nM).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases", + "AKt" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 72, + 102 + ], + [ + 112, + 115 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12956944", + "text": "Ethanol given to rats in drinking water decreased the level of p-CREB protein in the nucleus accumbens (-75 %) at the time of exposure to ethanol.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "p-CREB" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 63, + 69 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23636303", + "text": "The SSRI citalopram modulates central noradrenergic neurotransmission by activation, through endogenous serotonin, of 5-HT3 receptors expressed in the somatodendritic (LC) and terminal (PFC) areas, which subsequently promote an enhancement of local NA.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "5-HT3", + "5-HT3", + "α2-adrenoceptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 28, + 33 + ], + [ + 174, + 179 + ], + [ + 210, + 226 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17352516", + "text": "The incidence of hypoglycaemia with sitagliptin was similar to that with placebo and, in combination with metformin, lower than that with glipizide.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23087261", + "text": "Together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that Lys48-linked polyubiquitination is essential for PKC-regulated OAT1 trafficking.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PKC", + "OAT1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 108, + 111 + ], + [ + 122, + 126 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "20012638", + "text": "M methacholine as a parasympathetic mimetic; (3) effect of the drugs on electrically induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23123250", + "text": "The neuropathologic mechanisms after exposure to lethal doses of nerve agent are complex and involve multiple biochemical pathways.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23291323", + "text": "Absorption and secretion of fluoride increase at acid pH levels, possibly because of its non-ionized state at these pHs", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15199474", + "text": "Several purinergic receptors have been described on platelets; P2X (1), a calcium channel, and P2Y1 a Gq-coupled seven-transmembrane domain receptor, have been found not to be antagonized by clopidogrel.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "purinergic receptors", + "P2X (1)", + "calcium channel", + "P2Y1", + "Gq-coupled seven-transmembrane domain receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 8, + 28 + ], + [ + 63, + 70 + ], + [ + 74, + 89 + ], + [ + 95, + 99 + ], + [ + 102, + 148 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23391442", + "text": "Anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effects of Tat-MT fusion protein were evaluated under hyperglycemia and hypoxia stress conditions in cultured H9c2 cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "MT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 49, + 51 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23207409", + "text": "The final models exhibit significant statistics, interpretability, as well as displaying predictive power on an external validation set made up of chromone derivatives with unknown activity (that are being reported here for first time) synthesized by our group, and coumarins recently reported in the literature.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11166732", + "text": "All cell lines expressed topoisomerase I mRNA.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "topoisomerase I" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 40 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23348500", + "text": "Furthermore, mGlu5 has been shown to play an important role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, specifically in long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP), which is thought to be involved in cognition.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "mGlu5" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 13, + 18 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "2833901", + "text": "Again, inhibition of the actin-activated myosin Mg2+-ATPase and myosin filament assembly by felodipine and the p-chloro analogue could be reversed by raising the calmodulin concentration.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "actin", + "myosin", + "Mg2+-ATPase", + "myosin", + "calmodulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 30 + ], + [ + 41, + 47 + ], + [ + 48, + 59 + ], + [ + 64, + 70 + ], + [ + 162, + 172 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23583903", + "text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23116965", + "text": "Antiarrhythmic effects of (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, a novel sodium channel agonist in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "sodium channel" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 61, + 75 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23314320", + "text": "A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for the oxime TMB-4: simulation of rodent and human data.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14508322", + "text": "CONCLUSIONS:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "9633680", + "text": "Mechanism of action of dopaminergic agents in Parkinson's disease.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23619386", + "text": "Rapamycin allosterically inhibits the proteasome.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "proteasome" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 38, + 48 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "20421509", + "text": "NMR chemical shift perturbations are consistent with the crystal structure and demonstrate that TFP binds to the target binding cleft of S100A4 in solution.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "S100A4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 137, + 143 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23481236", + "text": "Excess lipids in peripheral tissues - skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue - may attenuate insulin signaling through the protein kinase B (AKt) pathway and up-regulate protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signaling.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "insulin", + "protein kinase B", + "AKt", + "protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B", + "PTP1B", + "insulin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 96, + 103 + ], + [ + 126, + 142 + ], + [ + 144, + 147 + ], + [ + 173, + 204 + ], + [ + 206, + 211 + ], + [ + 238, + 245 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23313730", + "text": "Time-lapsed confocal microscopy indicates that Mn can promote trafficking of cell surface DAT into intracellular compartments which may account for the decrease in DA uptake and DA efflux in these cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "DAT" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 90, + 93 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10694244", + "text": "3.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "8894610", + "text": "These results indicate that the positive inotropic effect, mediated via (+/-)-tamsulosin- and oxymetazoline-sensitive subtype of alpha 1-adrenoceptors, is exerted by a subcellular mechanism that is independent of the accumulation of inositol phosphates.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "alpha 1-adrenoceptors" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 129, + 150 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23411208", + "text": "Taken together, these data suggest that the use of vitamin E or its analogue as a dietary supplement may be beneficial for the treatment of cancer.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15963471", + "text": "The effect of troglitazone on ENT1 was PPAR(gamma)-independent and kinetic studies revealed that troglitazone was a competitive inhibitor of ENT1.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PPAR(gamma)", + "ENT1", + "ENT1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 39, + 50 + ], + [ + 141, + 145 + ], + [ + 30, + 34 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23350847", + "text": "We describe the discovery of several pyrrolopyrazines as potent and selective Syk inhibitors and the efforts that eventually led to the desired improvements in physicochemical properties and human whole blood potencies.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "Syk" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 78, + 81 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23552101", + "text": "PIP5K1B encodes phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase β type I (pip5k1β), an enzyme functionally linked to actin cytoskeleton dynamics that phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] to generate phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PIP5K1B", + "phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase β type I", + "pip5k1β", + "actin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 7 + ], + [ + 16, + 66 + ], + [ + 68, + 75 + ], + [ + 111, + 116 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23406315", + "text": "The observed labeling profile is predicted accurately from the strengths of the individual input signals.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11351021", + "text": "Our results further establish a dominant-negative mechanism for the G306R LQT syndrome mutation.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "G306R" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 68, + 73 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "12727196", + "text": "The purified human enzyme also does not oxidize eight representative antitumor polyamine analogues; however, specific oligamine analogues were found to be potent inhibitors of the oxidation of spermine by PAOh1/SMO.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PAOh1", + "SMO" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 205, + 210 + ], + [ + 211, + 214 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11287128", + "text": "In conclusion, under physiologic conditions the anti-factor Xa activity of heparin results from a composite effect of chain length and the content of material with high affinity to antithrombin.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "factor Xa", + "antithrombin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 53, + 62 + ], + [ + 181, + 193 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17020418", + "text": "Estrogens are biosynthesised from androgens by the CYP450 enzyme complex called aromatase.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CYP450", + "aromatase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 51, + 57 + ], + [ + 80, + 89 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23554049", + "text": "The dramatically down-regulated expression of integrin β4, focal adhesion kinase and paxillin might partially contribute to the synergic effect.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "integrin β4", + "focal adhesion kinase", + "paxillin" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 46, + 57 + ], + [ + 59, + 80 + ], + [ + 85, + 93 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23644411", + "text": "To gain insight into the mode of action of the steroidal glycosides, nitric oxide (NO) production, and expression of genes for transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β) and its receptors were evaluated.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "transforming growth factor beta-1", + "TGF-β" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 127, + 160 + ], + [ + 162, + 167 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23200255", + "text": "(-)-6-(7-Methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-4-yl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one (KCA-1490) exhibits moderate dual PDE3/4-inhibitory activity and promises as a combined bronchodilatory/anti-inflammatory agent.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "PDE3/4" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 139, + 145 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23552101", + "text": "Accordingly, loss of pip5k1β function in FRDA cells was accompanied by decreased PI(4,5)P2 levels and was shown instrumental for destabilization of the actin network and delayed cell spreading.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "pip5k1β" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 19, + 26 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23383871", + "text": "When the potency of the ER-agonists to induce ERα-coregulator binding was compared to their ER binding affinity, their ranking was similar, and the correlation between the EC50 values was excellent (R(2) = 0.96), as was the correlation with their potency in a transactivation assay (R(2) = 0.94).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "ER", + "ERα", + "ER" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 21, + 23 + ], + [ + 43, + 46 + ], + [ + 89, + 91 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23419783", + "text": "Fixed and random effects meta-analysis models were used, and the effect size was summarized as relative risk (RR) for RCTs/cohorts and as odds ratio (OR) for the case-control studies.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22836881", + "text": "The incidence rate of stroke in the osteoporotic vertebral fracture group (37.5 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 27.5-51.2) was significantly higher than in the comparison group (14.0 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, 12.0-16.4, p < 0.001).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "9003761", + "text": "K+ currents generated by TWIK-1 are inwardly rectifying while K+ currents generated by TREK-1 are outwardly rectifying.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "TWIK-1", + "TREK-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 25, + 31 + ], + [ + 87, + 93 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15931605", + "text": "Each patient received nitisinone in incremental doses, 0.35", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23332447", + "text": "After 4weeks of treatment, we investigated the synthesis and secretion of lipids in the liver and detailed serum lipoprotein profiles in each group.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "14737100", + "text": "Increased phosphorylation of p95ErbB2 and AKT in response to HRG was abrogated to varying degrees by GW572016.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "p95ErbB2", + "AKT", + "HRG" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 29, + 37 + ], + [ + 42, + 45 + ], + [ + 61, + 64 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "21262851", + "text": "Despite the structural similarity between benzothiazepines and BDZs, mutation of an amino acid important for diltiazem potency (I1150A) did not affect diazepam potency.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "I1150A" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 128, + 134 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23249624", + "text": "Thus, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the brain distribution of dabrafenib in mice, and to see whether active efflux by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) restricts its delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "P-glycoprotein", + "P-gp", + "breast cancer resistance protein", + "BCRP" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 139, + 153 + ], + [ + 155, + 159 + ], + [ + 165, + 197 + ], + [ + 199, + 203 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "15494035", + "text": "The receptors have been named AMY(1(a)), AMY(2(a)) and AMY(3(a))", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "AMY(1(a))", + "AMY(2(a))", + "AMY(3(a))" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 30, + 39 + ], + [ + 41, + 50 + ], + [ + 55, + 64 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "6872937", + "text": "Because LY117018 has a shorter duration of action than monohydroxytamoxifen, a high dosage ratio of LY117018 over monohydroxytamoxifen is required to maintain effective competitive antagonism in the uterus.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23609782", + "text": "There are new oral drugs in development, and it is likely that BG-12 will be licensed this year.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15285788", + "text": "In recovery experiments with human plasma and lung tissue we found a time dependent decrease in extractability of the compound.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23534412", + "text": "Significant reduction in thrombus weight was observed in arteriovenous shunt model.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23580446", + "text": "Human platelets co-cultured with HT29 cells rapidly adhered to cancer cells and induced COX-2 mRNA expression, but not protein synthesis which required the late release of platelet PDGF and COX-2 mRNA stabilization.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "COX-2", + "PDGF", + "COX-2" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 88, + 93 + ], + [ + 181, + 185 + ], + [ + 190, + 195 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16357751", + "text": "Abatacept dose-dependently reduces T-cell proliferation, serum concentrations of acute-phase reactants, and other markers of inflammation, including the production of rheumatoid factor by B cells.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "17652426", + "text": "We developed a mouse model expressing human collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1, MMP-1) under the control of Col2a1 promoter.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "human collagenase", + "matrix metalloproteinase-1", + "MMP-1", + "Col2a1 promoter" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 38, + 55 + ], + [ + 57, + 83 + ], + [ + 85, + 90 + ], + [ + 113, + 128 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17020418", + "text": "Several clinical studies of aromatase inhibitors focus on the use of these agents in the adjuvant setting, for the treatment of early breast cancer.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "aromatase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 28, + 37 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23474889", + "text": "Following administration of the H3R antagonist (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.), there was a significant dose-dependent decrease in alcohol consumption and preference.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "H3R" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 32, + 35 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23395171", + "text": "ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and modulates its activity.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23567959", + "text": "Compounds 9-10, 12 and 16-17 were evaluated for their cytotoxical effect on four cancer cell lines: HT-29, breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, HeLa, HepG2 and as well as human diploid cell line Lep-3.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "22878908", + "text": "TZDs inhibited estradiol production by up to 84% in HGC/mouse osteoblast co-cultures.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "23327993", + "text": "The potential mechanism and ability of tri- and tetra-oligopeptides derived from the canonical -CxxC- motif of the Trx1-active site to mimic and enhance Trx1 cellular activity was examined.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "CxxC- motif", + "Trx1", + "Trx1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 96, + 107 + ], + [ + 115, + 119 + ], + [ + 153, + 157 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "16199241", + "text": "Response and remission rates have been comparable to or greater than those seen with fluoxetine or paroxetine.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "11511858", + "text": "In addition to studies focused on the mechanisms of nuclear receptor function, additional work has illuminated the mechanism by which androgens are metabolized in selected tissues.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "nuclear receptor" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 52, + 68 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17570561", + "text": "By contrast, antioxidant activity decreased during storage at 0 degrees C in non-treated grapes but did not change in CO2-treated grapes.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "15465035", + "text": "We demonstrate that among the three nitrates, only SNP inhibits HIF-1 activation in response to hypoxia.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "HIF-1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 64, + 69 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23334176", + "text": "RATIONALE:", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + }, + { + "pmid": "16884688", + "text": "One of the GLYT2 mutations identified causes truncation of the transporter protein and a complete loss of transport function.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "GLYT2", + "transporter protein" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 11, + 16 + ], + [ + 63, + 82 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "10839989", + "text": "They are compatible with a novel, non-classical, redox-active contribution of H(4)biopterin to the catalysis of the nitric oxide synthase reaction.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "nitric oxide synthase" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 116, + 137 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "11692072", + "text": "DRD2 E8 A/A genotype was associated with increased dose of tiapride during a 9-day detoxification therapy and with increased anxiety and depression scores on admission and 2 weeks later.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "DRD2 E8" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 0, + 7 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "17148442", + "text": "Using a proteomics approach, we demonstrate that creatine kinase B (CKB) interacts with Asb-9 in a specific, SOCS box-independent manner.", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "creatine kinase B", + "CKB", + "Asb-9", + "SOCS box" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 49, + 66 + ], + [ + 68, + 71 + ], + [ + 88, + 93 + ], + [ + 109, + 117 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "22865292", + "text": "The R740S mutation in the V-ATPase a3 subunit increases lysosomal pH, impairs NFATc1 translocation, and decreases in vitro osteoclastogenesis.\n", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [ + "V-ATPase a3", + "R740S", + "NFATc1" + ], + "offsets": [ + [ + 26, + 37 + ], + [ + 4, + 9 + ], + [ + 78, + 84 + ] + ] + }, + { + "pmid": "23221006", + "text": "It was inhibited by several cat ionic compounds, which suggests the involvement of multispecific transport system(s).", + "type": "GENE", + "entities": [], + "offsets": [] + } +] \ No newline at end of file