readme: add initial version
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README.md
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license: mit
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---
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---
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language:
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- multilingual
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- af
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- am
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- ar
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- as
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- az
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- be
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- bg
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- bn
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- br
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- bs
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- ca
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- cs
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- cy
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- da
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- de
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- el
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- en
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- eo
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- es
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- et
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- eu
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- fa
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- fi
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- fr
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- fy
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- ga
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- gd
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- gl
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- gu
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- ha
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- he
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- hi
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- hr
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- hu
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- hy
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- id
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- is
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- it
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- ja
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- jv
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- ka
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- kk
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- km
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- kn
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- ko
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- ku
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- ky
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- la
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- lo
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- lt
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- lv
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- mg
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- mk
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- ml
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- mn
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- mr
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- ms
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- my
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- ne
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- nl
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- no
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- om
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- or
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- pa
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- pl
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- ps
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- pt
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- ro
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- ru
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- sa
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- sd
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- si
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- sk
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- sl
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- so
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- sq
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- sr
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- su
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- sv
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- sw
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- ta
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- te
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- th
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- tl
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- tr
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- ug
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- uk
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- ur
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- uz
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- vi
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- xh
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- yi
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- zh
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license: mit
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---
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# XLM-V (Base-sized model)
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XLM-V is multilingual language model with a one million token vocabulary trained on 2.5TB of data from Common Crawl (same as XLM-R).
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It was introduced in the [XLM-V: Overcoming the Vocabulary Bottleneck in Multilingual Masked Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.10472)
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paper by Davis Liang, Hila Gonen, Yuning Mao, Rui Hou, Naman Goyal, Marjan Ghazvininejad, Luke Zettlemoyer and Madian Khabsa.
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**Disclaimer**: The team releasing XLM-V did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team.
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## Model description
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From the abstract of the XLM-V paper:
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> Large multilingual language models typically rely on a single vocabulary shared across 100+ languages.
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> As these models have increased in parameter count and depth, vocabulary size has remained largely unchanged.
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> This vocabulary bottleneck limits the representational capabilities of multilingual models like XLM-R.
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> In this paper, we introduce a new approach for scaling to very large multilingual vocabularies by
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> de-emphasizing token sharing between languages with little lexical overlap and assigning vocabulary capacity
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> to achieve sufficient coverage for each individual language. Tokenizations using our vocabulary are typically
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> more semantically meaningful and shorter compared to XLM-R. Leveraging this improved vocabulary, we train XLM-V,
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> a multilingual language model with a one million token vocabulary. XLM-V outperforms XLM-R on every task we
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> tested on ranging from natural language inference (XNLI), question answering (MLQA, XQuAD, TyDiQA), and
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> named entity recognition (WikiAnn) to low-resource tasks (Americas NLI, MasakhaNER).
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## Usage
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You can use this model directly with a pipeline for masked language modeling:
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```python
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>>> from transformers import pipeline
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>>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='stefan-it/xlm-v-base')
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>>> unmasker("Paris is the <mask> of France.")
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[{'score': 0.9286897778511047,
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'token': 133852,
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'token_str': 'capital',
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'sequence': 'Paris is the capital of France.'},
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{'score': 0.018073994666337967,
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'token': 46562,
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'token_str': 'Capital',
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'sequence': 'Paris is the Capital of France.'},
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{'score': 0.013238662853837013,
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'token': 8696,
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'token_str': 'centre',
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'sequence': 'Paris is the centre of France.'},
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{'score': 0.010450296103954315,
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'token': 550136,
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'token_str': 'heart',
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'sequence': 'Paris is the heart of France.'},
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{'score': 0.005028395913541317,
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'token': 60041,
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'token_str': 'center',
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'sequence': 'Paris is the center of France.'}]
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```
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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Please refer to the model card of [XLM-R](https://huggingface.co/xlm-roberta-base), because XLM-V has a similar architecture
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and has been trained on similar training data.
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### BibTeX entry and citation info
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```bibtex
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@ARTICLE{2023arXiv230110472L,
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author = {{Liang}, Davis and {Gonen}, Hila and {Mao}, Yuning and {Hou}, Rui and {Goyal}, Naman and {Ghazvininejad}, Marjan and {Zettlemoyer}, Luke and {Khabsa}, Madian},
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title = "{XLM-V: Overcoming the Vocabulary Bottleneck in Multilingual Masked Language Models}",
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journal = {arXiv e-prints},
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keywords = {Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning},
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year = 2023,
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month = jan,
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eid = {arXiv:2301.10472},
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pages = {arXiv:2301.10472},
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doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2301.10472},
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archivePrefix = {arXiv},
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eprint = {2301.10472},
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primaryClass = {cs.CL},
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adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023arXiv230110472L},
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adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
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}
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```
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