---
base_model:
- deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B
datasets:
- knoveleng/open-rs
- knoveleng/open-s1
- knoveleng/open-deepscaler
license: mit
pipeline_tag: text-generation
inference: true
library_name: transformers
---

# Model Summary

This model enhances the reasoning capabilities of the small 1.5B parameter `DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B` LLM using reinforcement learning (RL). Trained efficiently on 4 A40 GPUs in under 24 hours, it achieves significant gains in mathematical reasoning benchmarks (e.g., 80% accuracy on AMC23, 46.7% on AIME24, surpassing `o1-preview`).  This cost-effective approach demonstrates the potential of RL for boosting reasoning in resource-constrained settings.


## Evaluation
### Performance Highlights
- **Open-RS1**: 53.0% avg. score
- **Open-RS2**: 55.7% avg. score, 80.0% on AMC23
- **Open-RS3**: 56.3% avg. score, 46.7% on AIME24 (outperforms `o1-preview` at 44.6%)
- Competitive MATH-500 scores; Minerva lags behind 7B models.

![Performance Metrics](assets/performances.png)

### Cost Efficiency
Our approach uses 7,000 samples (42,000 total outputs) and costs ~$42 on 4x A40 GPUs in 24 hours, compared to thousands of dollars for baseline models.

![7B Model Costs](assets/costs-7b.png)  
![1.5B Model Costs](assets/costs-1.5b.png)


## Citation
If this project aids your work, please cite it as:
```
@misc{dang2025reinforcementlearningreasoningsmall,
      title={Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning in Small LLMs: What Works and What Doesn't}, 
      author={Quy-Anh Dang and Chris Ngo},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2503.16219},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.LG},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.16219}, 
}
```

For more details, including usage instructions and further evaluation results, please refer to our [GitHub repository](https://github.com/knoveleng/open-rs).