individual_steps/dataset.txt

[
  {
    "input": "Who was the most famous Chola ruler?",
    "response": "Rajaraja Chola I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What is the most famous Chola temple?",
    "response": "Brihadeeswarar Temple, Thanjavur."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who built the Brihadeeswarar Temple?",
    "response": "Rajaraja Chola I."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was Rajaraja Chola I's son and successor?",
    "response": "Rajendra Chola I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was Rajendra Chola I famous for?",
    "response": "His northern expedition to the Ganges."
  },
  {
    "input": "What new capital did Rajendra Chola I establish?",
    "response": "Gangaikonda Cholapuram."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the Cholas renowned for in art?",
    "response": "Bronze sculptures (Nataraja)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What technique was used for Chola bronze casting?",
    "response": "Lost-wax technique."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the administrative system like in the Chola empire?",
    "response": "Highly organized, with village autonomy."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was a key feature of Chola village self-government?",
    "response": "Village assemblies (Ur, Sabha)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What system was used for electing members to these assemblies?",
    "response": "Kudavolai system."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the primary religion of the Chola rulers?",
    "response": "Shaivism (worship of Shiva)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the economic backbone of the Chola empire?",
    "response": "Agriculture and maritime trade."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the Chola navy's main role?",
    "response": "Protecting trade and projecting power."
  },
  {
    "input": "Which regions did the Cholas trade with extensively?",
    "response": "Southeast Asia, China, Arabia."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the most famous Chola exports?",
    "response": "Cotton textiles, spices, pearls."
  },
  {
    "input": "What is the most significant Chola contribution to architecture?",
    "response": "Dravidian temple architecture."
  },
  {
    "input": "What inscription provides detailed information about Chola village administration?",
    "response": "Uttaramerur inscriptions."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was the founder of the Chola dynasty?",
    "response": "Vijayalaya Chola."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the significance of Karikala Chola?",
    "response": "Early expansion, built port at Kaveripattinam."
  },
  {
    "input": "What title did Parantaka I earn for conquering Madurai?",
    "response": "Maduraikonda."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the administrative division below the province (mandalam)?",
    "response": "Kottam or Valanadu."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the committees within village assemblies called?",
    "response": "Variams."
  },
  {
    "input": "What role did temples play beyond worship?",
    "response": "Economic and social centers."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the impact of the Chola navy on their empire?",
    "response": "Enabled overseas trade and conquest."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who compiled the Saivite hymns known as the Thirumurai?",
    "response": "Nambiyandar Nambi (patronized by Cholas)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the main rivals of the Cholas?",
    "response": "Pandyas and Cheras."
  },
  {
    "input": "What caused the decline of the Chola empire?",
    "response": "Weak rulers and rising Pandyas."
  },
  {
    "input": "What does the title 'Gangaikonda Cholapuram' signify?",
    "response": "Conqueror of the Ganges."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the common material for Chola sculptures?",
    "response": "Bronze."
  },
  {
    "input": "What does the 'Nataraja' sculpture represent?",
    "response": "Shiva as the cosmic dancer."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the basis of Chola revenue?",
    "response": "Land revenue and trade taxes."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the importance of land surveys for the Cholas?",
    "response": "Accurate tax assessment."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the main agricultural product?",
    "response": "Rice."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who were the 'Nattars'?",
    "response": "Local administrators of the 'Nadus'."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the effect of Chola maritime power on culture?",
    "response": "Spread of South Indian culture abroad."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the significance of the Chola period for Tamil literature?",
    "response": "Golden age."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the capital of the Chola empire for most of its history?",
    "response": "Thanjavur."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was the last significant Chola ruler?",
    "response": "Kulottunga I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the extent of the Chola empire at its zenith?",
    "response": "South India and Sri Lanka."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the 'Valangai' and 'Idangai'?",
    "response": "Social/caste groups."
  },
  {
    "input": "What architectural feature is characteristic of Chola temples?",
    "response": "High vimanas and intricate carvings."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the primary role of Brahmins in Chola society?",
    "response": "Religious and intellectual leaders."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the Chola attitude towards Buddhism and Jainism?",
    "response": "Tolerant, but Shaivism was dominant."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the significance of the 'Periya Puranam'?",
    "response": "Biographies of Saivite saints."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the primary goal of Chola overseas expeditions?",
    "response": "Trade and influence."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the role of merchant guilds like 'Manigramam'?",
    "response": "Facilitating trade."
  },
  {
    "input": "What famous battle did Karikala Chola win?",
    "response": "Battle of Venni."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was the last ruler of the Chola dynasty?",
    "response": "Rajaraja Chola III (or Rajendra Chola III, depending on historical interpretation)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What inscription is famous for detailing Chola local governance?",
    "response": "Uttaramerur inscription."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was the first Chola king of significance?",
    "response": "Karikala Chola."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was Karikala Chola known for?",
    "response": "Military victories and public works."
  },
  {
    "input": "What did Karikala Chola build at Kaveripattinam?",
    "response": "A strong port."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the capital before Thanjavur?",
    "response": "Uraiyur."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was the founder of the Imperial Chola line?",
    "response": "Vijayalaya."
  },
  {
    "input": "What title did Vijayalaya take after conquering the Pandyas and Pallavas?",
    "response": "Adhirajendra."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who defeated the Pandyas and captured Madurai?",
    "response": "Parantaka I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What title did Parantaka I assume?",
    "response": "Maduraikonda."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the administrative unit between Valanadu and Ur?",
    "response": "Nadu."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the term for the district assembly?",
    "response": "Nattavai."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the primary revenue source for the Chola state?",
    "response": "Land revenue."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the significance of the Chola navy in trade?",
    "response": "Protected trade routes."
  },
  {
    "input": "What famous expedition did Rajendra Chola I lead?",
    "response": "Ganges expedition."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the impact of Rajendra Chola I's expedition?",
    "response": "Extended Chola influence north."
  },
  {
    "input": "What type of sculptures did the Cholas excel at?",
    "response": "Bronze sculptures."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the technique used for bronze casting?",
    "response": "Lost-wax technique."
  },
  {
    "input": "What is the 'Periya Puranam' about?",
    "response": "Lives of Saivite saints."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who patronized the compilation of the Thirumurai?",
    "response": "Rajaraja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the purpose of 'Devadana' lands?",
    "response": "Grants to temples."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the Cholas' policy towards other religions?",
    "response": "Tolerant."
  },
  {
    "input": "What did the Cholas do for irrigation?",
    "response": "Built tanks and canals."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the role of the 'Ur' committee?",
    "response": "General village administration."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the role of the 'Sabha' committee?",
    "response": "Village administration, often for Brahmin villages."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were 'Tiruvendipuram' inscriptions about?",
    "response": "Temple administration."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the significance of the temple as an economic unit?",
    "response": "Owned land, lent money."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the main enemy of the Cholas in the south?",
    "response": "Pandyas."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the main enemy of the Cholas in the west?",
    "response": "Cheras."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was the last significant Chola ruler?",
    "response": "Kulottunga I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What title did Kulottunga I have before becoming king?",
    "response": "Vira Rajendra."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the impact of the Kalabhra interregnum on the Cholas?",
    "response": "Period of obscurity before resurgence."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the extent of the Chola empire at its peak?",
    "response": "Covered most of South India and parts of Sri Lanka."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the Chola method of warfare?",
    "response": "Organized army, naval power."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the significance of the Chola navy for Sri Lanka?",
    "response": "Facilitated conquest and control."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the main influences on Chola art and architecture?",
    "response": "Dravidian style, Pallava influence."
  },
  {
    "input": "What is the architectural style of the Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple?",
    "response": "Dravidian, similar to Thanjavur temple."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the role of the king in the Chola administration?",
    "response": "Supreme head, decision-maker."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the main export of the Cholas to Southeast Asia?",
    "response": "Textiles."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the purpose of the Chola expeditions to the East?",
    "response": "Trade and political influence."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who wrote the 'Periya Puranam'?",
    "response": "Sekkizhar."
  },
  {
    "input": "What literary period is associated with the Cholas?",
    "response": "Golden age of Tamil literature."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the Cholas' approach to taxation?",
    "response": "Systematic and land-based."
  },
  {
    "input": "What led to the loss of Chola control over Sri Lanka?",
    "response": "Sinhalese resistance and Chola internal issues."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the name of the Chola administrative council?",
    "response": "Saba."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the significance of the Chola period for Buddhism and Jainism?",
    "response": "Decline in patronage compared to earlier periods."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the role of 'Manigramam'?",
    "response": "Prominent merchant guild."
  },
  {
    "input": "What did the Cholas inherit from the Pallavas?",
    "response": "Artistic and administrative traditions."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the fate of the Chola dynasty after the 13th century?",
    "response": "Became a minor kingdom, eventually ended."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was the last independent Chola ruler?",
    "response": "Rajaraja Chola III."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the primary architectural material for Chola temples?",
    "response": "Granite."
  },
  {
    "input": "What inscription describes the Chola village system in detail?",
    "response": "Uttaramerur inscription."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who founded the Chola dynasty?",
    "response": "Vijayalaya Chola."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the primary religious affiliation of the Chola rulers?",
    "response": "Shaivism."
  },
  {
    "input": "What is the significance of the Uttaramerur inscriptions?",
    "response": "Details of village administration."
  },
  {
    "input": "What material was primarily used for building Chola temples?",
    "response": "Stone."
  },
  {
    "input": "Name a famous naval officer mentioned in Chola inscriptions.",
    "response": "Araiyan Kadalkolamitantaan."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the title of the governor of a Chola province?",
    "response": "Viceroy."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the 'Variams' in Chola administration?",
    "response": "Committees for specific functions."
  },
  {
    "input": "Which Chola ruler established Puhar as a major trading port?",
    "response": "Karikala Chola."
  },
  {
    "input": "What does 'Nattars' refer to in the Chola administration?",
    "response": "Heads of Nadus."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the primary agricultural crop of the Chola economy?",
    "response": "Rice."
  },
  {
    "input": "What happened to the Chola territories in Ceylon after the decline began?",
    "response": "Lost control."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the 'Kudavolai' system?",
    "response": "Method for electing village committee members."
  },
  {
    "input": "Which Chola temple is often called the 'Big Temple'?",
    "response": "Brihadeeswarar Temple."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the main purpose of the Chola navy?",
    "response": "Trade and projecting power."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who defeated the last Chola king, Rajendra Chola III?",
    "response": "Pandya King Kulasekara Pandyan I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What is the artistic significance of the Nataraja bronze sculpture?",
    "response": "Depicts Shiva as cosmic dancer."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the 'Valangai' and 'Idangai' groups?",
    "response": "Caste groups."
  },
  {
    "input": "Which Chola ruler expanded the empire to the Ganges?",
    "response": "Rajendra Chola I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What role did temples play in the Chola economy?",
    "response": "Economic centers."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the significance of the Battle of Venni for Karikala Chola?",
    "response": "Established dominance."
  },
  {
    "input": "What is the most enduring legacy of the colonial period on the modern world?",
    "response": "Global inequality between North and South."
  },
  {
    "input": "How was the Chola empire administered?",
    "response": "Highly organized system with provinces, districts, and villages; strong local self-government."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the main administrative divisions of the Chola Empire?",
    "response": "Provinces (mandalams), districts (valanadus), and villages (urs)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the role of village assemblies in Chola administration?",
    "response": "Managed local affairs, taxes, and public works."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who were the prominent rulers of the Chola Dynasty?",
    "response": "Rajaraja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the economic base of the Chola Empire?",
    "response": "Agriculture and trade."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the major exports of the Chola Empire?",
    "response": "Cotton cloth, spices, pearls."
  },
  {
    "input": "How did the Cholas promote trade?",
    "response": "Established ports and supported merchant guilds."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the social structure of the Chola period?",
    "response": "Hierarchical, caste-based."
  },
  {
    "input": "What role did temples play in the Chola Empire?",
    "response": "Centers of worship, economy, and social life."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the major contributions of the Chola Dynasty to art and architecture?",
    "response": "Dravidian architecture and bronze sculptures (Nataraja)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the significance of the Brihadeeswarar Temple?",
    "response": "Masterpiece of Chola architecture."
  },
  {
    "input": "Did the Cholas have a strong navy?",
    "response": "Yes, a formidable navy."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the religious policy of the Cholas?",
    "response": "Patronized Hinduism (Shaivism), tolerant of others."
  },
  {
    "input": "How did the Chola Empire decline?",
    "response": "Rise of Pandyas, internal issues."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was considered the greatest Chola ruler?",
    "response": "Rajaraja Chola I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the capital of the Chola Empire?",
    "response": "Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the Chola administrative structure at the central level?",
    "response": "King, council of ministers, secretariat."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the importance of land surveys in the Chola administration?",
    "response": "Resource assessment and taxation."
  },
  {
    "input": "What literary works are associated with the Chola period?",
    "response": "Tamil Saivite hymns (Thirumurai)."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was the founder of the Chola Empire?",
    "response": "Vijayalaya Chola."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the capital city of Rajaraja Chola I?",
    "response": "Thanjavur."
  },
  {
    "input": "Which Chola ruler conquered Sri Lanka?",
    "response": "Rajaraja Chola I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What famous temple did Rajaraja Chola I build?",
    "response": "Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was Rajaraja Chola I's son?",
    "response": "Rajendra Chola I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What title did Rajendra Chola I adopt after his northern expedition?",
    "response": "Gangaikonda Chola."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the new capital built by Rajendra Chola I?",
    "response": "Gangaikonda Cholapuram."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the administrative unit below a province (mandalam)?",
    "response": "Kottam or Valanadu."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the lowest administrative unit?",
    "response": "Village (Ur)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the main economic activity of the Cholas?",
    "response": "Agriculture."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was a key feature of Chola village administration?",
    "response": "Local self-government."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the village assemblies called?",
    "response": "Ur and Sabha."
  },
  {
    "input": "What system was used to elect members to village committees?",
    "response": "Kudavolai system."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the committees in village assemblies called?",
    "response": "Variams."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the primary religion patronized by the Cholas?",
    "response": "Shaivism (worship of Shiva)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What artistic skill were the Cholas famous for?",
    "response": "Bronze casting."
  },
  {
    "input": "What is the most famous Chola bronze sculpture?",
    "response": "Nataraja (Shiva as the cosmic dancer)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the main material used for building Chola temples?",
    "response": "Stone (granite)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was a major port city of the Cholas?",
    "response": "Kaveripattinam (Puhar)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What type of trade did the Cholas actively participate in?",
    "response": "Maritime trade."
  },
  {
    "input": "With which regions did the Cholas trade?",
    "response": "Southeast Asia, China, Arabia."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the main exports of the Cholas?",
    "response": "Textiles, spices, pearls."
  },
  {
    "input": "What social structure was prevalent during the Chola period?",
    "response": "Hierarchical, caste-based system."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the two major caste divisions?",
    "response": "Valangai and Idangai."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the role of temples in Chola society?",
    "response": "Religious, economic, and social centers."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were land grants to temples called?",
    "response": "Devadana."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the Cholas' naval strength used for?",
    "response": "Trade protection, military expeditions."
  },
  {
    "input": "What literary works flourished during the Chola period?",
    "response": "Tamil devotional literature."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who compiled the Saivite hymns (Thirumurai)?",
    "response": "Nambiyandar Nambi (under royal patronage)."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the significance of the Uttaramerur inscriptions?",
    "response": "Details of village administration."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the economic importance of land surveys?",
    "response": "Tax assessment."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the agricultural base of the empire?",
    "response": "Rice cultivation."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was the founder of the Chola Dynasty?",
    "response": "Vijayalaya."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the title of the governor of a province?",
    "response": "Viceroy."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the main purpose of the Chola navy?",
    "response": "Maritime dominance and trade."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was a famous architectural achievement of the Cholas?",
    "response": "Dravidian temple architecture."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who were the main rivals of the Cholas?",
    "response": "Pandyas and Cheras."
  },
  {
    "input": "What caused the decline of the Chola Empire?",
    "response": "Weak rulers, rise of Pandyas."
  },
  {
    "input": "What title did Rajaraja Chola I earn for conquering Madurai?",
    "response": "Maduraikonda."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the name of the village assemblies that managed local affairs?",
    "response": "Ur and Sabha."
  },
  {
    "input": "What form of Shiva is depicted in famous Chola bronze sculptures?",
    "response": "Nataraja."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the primary focus of Chola expansion?",
    "response": "Military and trade."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the impact of Chola trade on cultural exchange?",
    "response": "Spread of South Indian culture abroad."
  },
  {
    "input": "Who was a prominent queen known for patronage of temples?",
    "response": "Sembiyan Mahadevi."
  },
  {
    "input": "What were the Cholas known for regarding irrigation?",
    "response": "Building tanks and canals."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the meaning of 'Nattars'?",
    "response": "Local chieftains or heads of Nadus."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the title of the official who managed a Nadu?",
    "response": "Nattar."
  },
  {
    "input": "Which Chola ruler defeated the king of Kalinga?",
    "response": "Kulottunga I."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was a key administrative reform by the Cholas?",
    "response": "Efficient land revenue system."
  },
  {
    "input": "What was the main military force of the Cholas?",
    "response": "Well-organized army and navy."
  }
]