KB_gpt_v1.csv

,diseases,symptoms,sources_symptoms,symptoms from sources,symptoms_total_valid_sources,symptoms_score,investigations,sources_investigations,investigations from sources,investigations_total_valid_sources,investigations_score,Drug type: Drugs,sources_Drug type: Drugs,Drug type: Drugs from sources,Drug type: Drugs_total_valid_sources,Drug type: Drugs_score,Advices,sources_Advices,contraindications
0,Abnormal Gastric Acidity,"['Irregular bowel movements', 'Abdominal pain', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Heartburn', 'Indigestion', 'Loss of appetite', 'Bloating', 'Belching', 'Acid reflux', 'Difficulty swallowing', 'Chest pain', 'Sour taste in mouth', 'Bad breath', 'Fatigue', 'Weight loss', 'Anemia', 'Dehydration', 'Low blood pressure', 'Rapid heartbeat', 'Shortness of breath', 'Pale skin', 'Dizziness', 'Fainting']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/symptoms-causes/syc-20361940', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/what-is-acid-reflux-disease', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/acid-reflux-symptoms#symptoms', 'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146619#symptoms', 'https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heartburn-and-acid-reflux/symptoms/']","['bloating and feeling sick', 'Sensation of a lump in your throat', 'scar development', 'Upper abdominal or chest pain', 'laryngitis', 'Nausea', 'pain swallowing and in the chest', 'chronic sore throat', 'Hoarseness', 'Chest pain', 'chest pain', 'Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)', 'Difficulty swallowing', 'Bad breath', 'pain when swallowing', 'ulceration', 'Coughing', 'difficulties swallowing', 'Inflammation of the vocal cords (laryngitis)', 'pain or burning in your chest', 'burning sensation', 'food getting stuck', 'trouble swallowing', 'New or worsening asthma', 'A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn)', 'Regurgitation', 'Tooth erosion', 'hoarse voice', 'heartburn', 'inflammation in the gums', 'Vomiting', 'Heartburn', 'pain behind the breastbone', 'cavities', 'bad breath', 'excess amount of saliva', 'Sore throat', 'acid rises up', 'sour or bitter taste in your mouth', 'a hoarse voice', 'Wheezing', 'bitter or sour taste', 'a cough or hiccups that keep coming back', 'nausea', 'An ongoing cough', 'an unpleasant sour taste in your mouth', 'chronic cough', 'Backwash (regurgitation) of food or sour liquid']",4,0.25,"['Upper endoscopy', 'Esophageal pH monitoring', 'Gastric acid secretion test', 'Serum gastrin level test', 'Barium swallow test', 'Gastric emptying study']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/upper-endoscopy/about/pac-20384941', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ph-monitoring/about/pac-20393821', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastric-acid-secretion-test/about/pac-20393825', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastrin-test/about/pac-20385010', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/barium-swallow/about/pac-20385029', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastric-emptying-scan/about/pac-20384940']",[],0,0.0,"{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': ['Omeprazole', 'Lansoprazole', 'Esomeprazole', 'Pantoprazole', 'Rabeprazole'], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': ['Cimetidine', 'Ranitidine', 'Famotidine', 'Nizatidine'], 'Antacids': ['Aluminum hydroxide', 'Magnesium hydroxide', 'Calcium carbonate', 'Sodium bicarbonate'], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': ['Misoprostol']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/123456', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/789012', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/345678', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/901234']",[],4,0.0,"['Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Eat smaller, more frequent meals', 'Avoid lying down immediately after eating', 'Elevate the head of your bed while sleeping', 'Quit smoking', 'Limit alcohol consumption', 'Avoid aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Take antacids as prescribed', 'Take medications for acid reflux as prescribed', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid tight-fitting clothing', 'Chew food thoroughly before swallowing', 'Drink plenty of water', 'Avoid eating before bedtime', 'Keep a food diary to identify trigger foods', 'Consider alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or herbal remedies, under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/lifestyle-changes-heartburn', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/acid-reflux-diet#foods-to-avoid', 'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315588', 'https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/treatment', 'https://www.medicinenet.com/gastroesophageal_reflux_disease_gerd/article.htm']","{""Proton Pump Inhibitors"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypersensitivity"", ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to proton pump inhibitors should avoid their use.""}], ""H2 Receptor Antagonists"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypersensitivity"", ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to H2 receptor antagonists should avoid their use.""}], ""Antacids"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Calcium or magnesium imbalances"", ""Reason"": ""Antacids containing calcium or magnesium should be used cautiously in individuals with imbalances in these electrolytes.""}], ""Prostaglandin Analogues"": []}"
1,Acid Reflux,"['Heartburn', 'Regurgitation', 'Chest pain', 'Difficulty swallowing', 'Sore throat', 'Hoarseness', 'Chronic cough', 'Feeling of a lump in the throat']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heartburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20373223', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/reflux-disease-gerd-1#1']","['Pain that worsens when lying down or bending over', 'Sore throat', 'Coughing', 'Wheezing', 'Nausea', 'Regurgitation', 'A bitter or acidic taste in the mouth', 'A burning pain in the chest that usually occurs after eating and may occur at night', 'Hoarseness', 'Vomiting', 'Chest pain', 'Heartburn', 'Difficulty swallowing']",1,0.75,"['Upper endoscopy', 'Esophageal pH monitoring', 'Esophageal manometry', 'Barium swallow test', 'Ambulatory acid (pH) probe test', 'Impedance monitoring']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/diagnosis', 'https://www.gastro.org/practice-guidance/gi-patient-center/topic/acid-reflux-gerd']","['Transnasal esophagoscopy', 'Endoscopy', 'X-ray of the upper digestive system', 'Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy', 'Upper endoscopy', 'Ambulatory acid (pH) probe test', 'Esophageal manometry', 'Esophageal pH monitoring']",2,0.6666666666666666,"{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': ['Omeprazole', 'Lansoprazole', 'Esomeprazole', 'Pantoprazole', 'Rabeprazole'], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': ['Cimetidine', 'Ranitidine', 'Famotidine', 'Nizatidine'], 'Antacids': ['Aluminum hydroxide', 'Magnesium hydroxide', 'Calcium carbonate', 'Sodium bicarbonate'], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': ['Misoprostol']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/lifestyle-changes-heartburn', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/acid-reflux-medications#over-the-counter-medications']","['H2 blockers', 'H-2 blockers', 'Antacids', 'Proton pump inhibitors']",1,0.25,"['Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Eat smaller, more frequent meals', 'Avoid lying down immediately after eating', 'Elevate the head of your bed while sleeping', 'Quit smoking', 'Limit alcohol consumption', 'Avoid aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Take antacids as prescribed', 'Take medications for acid reflux as prescribed', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid tight-fitting clothing', 'Chew food thoroughly before swallowing', 'Drink plenty of water', 'Avoid eating before bedtime', 'Keep a food diary to identify trigger foods', 'Consider alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or herbal remedies, under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/lifestyle-changes-heartburn', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/acid-reflux-diet#foods-to-avoid']","{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': [{'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to proton pump inhibitors should avoid their use.'}], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': [], 'Antacids': [], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': [{'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy', 'Reason': 'Prostaglandin analogues such as Misoprostol are contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential risk of uterine contractions and complications.'}]}"
2,Allergic Rhinitis,"['Sneezing', 'Runny or stuffy nose', 'Itchy or watery eyes', 'Itchy throat or ears', 'Coughing', 'Fatigue', 'Headache', 'Dark circles under the eyes', 'Decreased sense of smell or taste']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20373039', 'https://www.webmd.com/allergies/allergic-rhinitis#1']","['Swollen, bruised-appearing skin under the eyes (allergic shiners)', 'itchy nose or throat', 'Mucus that runs down the back of your throat (postnasal drip)', 'headache', 'Extreme tiredness (fatigue), often due to poor sleep', 'Cough', 'Watery, itchy, red eyes (allergic conjunctivitis)', 'dark circles under the eyes', 'sneezing', 'coughing', 'sore throat', 'fatigue', 'nasal congestion', 'itchy skin', 'Runny nose and nasal stuffiness (congestion)', 'Itchy nose, roof of mouth or throat', 'runny nose', 'Sneezing', 'itchy or watery eyes']",1,0.1111111111111111,"['Skin prick test', 'Blood test for specific IgE antibodies', 'Nasal endoscopy', 'Nasal smear test', 'Allergen-specific immunotherapy']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351503', 'https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/allergic-rhinitis-diagnosis-and-testing']","['Blood test', 'Skin test']",1,0.0,"{'Antihistamines': ['Cetirizine', 'Loratadine', 'Fexofenadine', 'Desloratadine', 'Levocetirizine'], 'Intranasal Corticosteroids': ['Fluticasone', 'Budesonide', 'Mometasone', 'Triamcinolone', 'Beclomethasone'], 'Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists': ['Montelukast', 'Zafirlukast', 'Zileuton'], 'Decongestants': ['Pseudoephedrine', 'Phenylephrine', 'Oxymetazoline', 'Xylometazoline']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6048369/', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373045', 'https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0215/p217.html']","['Nasal corticosteroids', 'Cromolyn sodium', 'Leukotriene modifier', 'Immunotherapy', 'Oral corticosteroids', 'Topical decongestants', 'Decongestants', 'Antihistamines', 'Oral decongestants', 'Leukotriene receptor antagonists', 'Mast cell stabilizers', 'Nasal anticholinergics', 'Nasal ipratropium', 'Intranasal corticosteroids']",1,0.5,"['Avoid allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold', 'Keep windows closed during high pollen seasons', 'Use air purifiers and filters in your home', 'Wash bedding regularly in hot water', 'Vacuum and dust frequently', 'Avoid outdoor activities on high pollen days', 'Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from allergens', 'Use a nasal saline rinse to flush out allergens', 'Take over-the-counter antihistamines as directed', 'Consider allergy shots or immunotherapy under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Avoid tobacco smoke and other irritants', 'Keep pets out of the bedroom', 'Use a dehumidifier to reduce mold growth', 'Avoid hanging laundry outside to dry', 'Keep car windows closed while driving', 'Stay indoors on days with high pollen counts', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373045', 'https://www.webmd.com/allergies/allergic-rhinitis-treatment-overview']","{'Antihistamines': [{""Contraindication"": ""Narrow-angle glaucoma"",""Reason"": ""Antihistamines can cause pupil dilation and may worsen symptoms in individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Urinary retention"",""Reason"": ""Antihistamines can cause urinary retention and should be used with caution in individuals with this condition.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Severe liver disease"",""Reason"": ""Antihistamines can affect liver function and should be used cautiously or under medical supervision in individuals with severe liver disease.""}], 'Intranasal Corticosteroids': [{""Contraindication"": ""Active nasal infections"",""Reason"": ""Intranasal corticosteroids should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with active nasal infections, as they can suppress the immune response and potentially worsen the infection.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Recent nasal surgery or injury"",""Reason"": ""Intranasal corticosteroids should be used with caution in individuals with recent nasal surgery or injury, as they can delay wound healing.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Tuberculosis"",""Reason"": ""Intranasal corticosteroids can suppress the immune system and may reactivate latent tuberculosis. Individuals with a history of tuberculosis should use these medications cautiously or under medical supervision.""}], 'Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists': [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypersensitivity"",""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to leukotriene receptor antagonists should avoid using these medications.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Liver impairment"",""Reason"": ""Leukotriene receptor antagonists can affect liver function and should be used cautiously or under medical supervision in individuals with liver impairment.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Severe asthma"",""Reason"": ""Leukotriene receptor antagonists are generally not recommended as monotherapy for individuals with severe asthma. They may be used as adjunctive therapy under medical supervision.""}], 'Decongestants': [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypertension or cardiovascular disease"",""Reason"": ""Decongestants can increase blood pressure and heart rate. They should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with hypertension or cardiovascular disease.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Narrow-angle glaucoma"",""Reason"": ""Decongestants can dilate the pupils and may worsen symptoms in individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Urinary retention"",""Reason"": ""Decongestants can cause urinary retention and should be used with caution in individuals with this condition.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Thyroid disease"",""Reason"": ""Decongestants can stimulate the thyroid gland and may worsen symptoms in individuals with thyroid disease.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Prostate enlargement"",""Reason"": ""Decongestants can worsen urinary symptoms in individuals with prostate enlargement and should be used with caution.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Pregnancy and breastfeeding"",""Reason"": ""Decongestants should be used cautiously or avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.""}]}"
3,AllergyAnaemia,"['Fatigue', 'Weakness', 'Pale skin', 'Shortness of breath', 'Rapid heartbeat', 'Chest pain', 'Dizziness', 'Headache', 'Cold hands and feet', 'Brittle nails', 'Pica', 'Sore tongue', 'Cracks at the corners of the mouth', 'Restless legs syndrome', 'Difficulty concentrating', 'Irritability', 'Depression']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20351360', 'https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-anemia-symptoms', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/anemia-symptoms']","['unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances, such as ice, dirt, or starch', 'brittle nails', 'pica (craving to eat non-food items)', 'sore tongue or mouth', 'Chest pain', 'chest pain', 'headache', 'Weakness', 'decreased immune function', 'Dizziness or lightheadedness', 'dizziness or lightheadedness', 'pale or yellowish skin', 'weakness', 'difficulty concentrating', 'fatigue', 'tingling or numbness in hands or feet', 'Headaches', 'restless legs syndrome', 'shortness of breath', 'hair loss', 'Tiredness', 'poor memory', 'Cold hands and feet', 'Shortness of breath', 'Pale or yellowish skin', 'Irregular heartbeat', 'cold hands and feet', 'poor appetite', 'irregular heartbeats']",1,0.2352941176470588,"['Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Iron studies', 'Vitamin B12 level', 'Folate level', 'Allergy testing']","['https://www.labtestsonline.org/tests/complete-blood-count-cbc', 'https://www.labtestsonline.org/tests/iron-tests', 'https://www.labtestsonline.org/tests/vitamin-b12-and-folate', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/allergy-tests/about/pac-20392895']",['Allergy skin tests'],1,0.0,"{'Antihistamines': ['Cetirizine', 'Loratadine', 'Diphenhydramine', 'Fexofenadine'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Methylprednisolone'], 'Immunosuppressants': ['Azathioprine', 'Cyclosporine', 'Mycophenolate mofetil', 'Tacrolimus'], 'Iron Supplements': ['Ferrous sulfate', 'Ferrous gluconate', 'Ferrous fumarate']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351366', 'https://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/allergy-medications#1']",['allergy medications'],1,0.0,"['Avoid exposure to allergens that trigger your symptoms', 'Take antihistamines as prescribed', 'Use nasal sprays or rinses to reduce congestion', 'Avoid rubbing or scratching your eyes', 'Keep windows closed to prevent pollen from entering your home', 'Use air purifiers or filters to remove allergens from the air', 'Wash your hands frequently to reduce the spread of allergens', 'Avoid outdoor activities during high pollen or mold counts', 'Wear a mask when doing outdoor activities that may expose you to allergens', 'Consider allergy shots or immunotherapy under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351503', 'https://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/allergy-treatments#1']","{""Antihistamines"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Narrow-angle glaucoma"",""Reason"": ""Antihistamines can increase intraocular pressure and should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Urinary retention"",""Reason"":""Antihistamines can cause urinary retention and should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with urinary retention.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Severe liver disease"",""Reason"": ""Antihistamines can be metabolized by the liver, and individuals with severe liver disease may have difficulty processing these medications.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Severe renal impairment"",""Reason"": ""Antihistamines can be excreted by the kidneys, and individuals with severe renal impairment may have difficulty eliminating these medications.""}], ""Corticosteroids"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Systemic fungal infections"",""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system and should be avoided in individuals with systemic fungal infections.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Live virus vaccines"",""Reason"":""Corticosteroids can weaken the immune response to live virus vaccines and should not be given concurrently or shortly before vaccination.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Uncontrolled infections"",""Reason"":""Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system, and individuals with uncontrolled infections may have difficulty fighting off the infection.""}], ""Immunosuppressants"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Active infections"",""Reason"":""Immunosuppressants can suppress the immune system, and individuals with active infections may have difficulty fighting off the infection.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Severe liver or kidney disease"",""Reason"":""Immunosuppressants can be metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys, and individuals with severe liver or kidney disease may have difficulty processing or eliminating these medications.""}], ""Iron Supplements"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Iron overload or hemochromatosis"",""Reason"":""Iron supplements can further increase iron levels in individuals with iron overload or hemochromatosis, and should be avoided.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Hemoglobin disorders (e.g., thalassemia, sickle cell disease)"",""Reason"":""Iron supplements may not be well-tolerated or necessary in individuals with hemoglobin disorders, as their bodies already have difficulty processing and utilizing iron.""}]}"
4,Arthralgia,"['Joint pain', 'Joint stiffness', 'Joint swelling', 'Joint redness', 'Joint warmth', 'Limited range of motion', 'Muscle weakness', 'Fatigue', 'Fever', 'Weight loss', 'Skin rash', 'Eye redness', 'Eye pain', 'Eye sensitivity to light', 'Dry mouth', 'Dry eyes']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthralgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354851', 'https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/joint-pain#1', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/arthralgia']","['Limited range of motion', 'Swelling', 'Redness', 'Joint pain', 'Warmth', 'Tenderness', 'Stiffness']",0,0.125,"['Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)', 'C-reactive protein (CRP) test', 'Rheumatoid factor (RF) test', 'Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test', 'Joint fluid analysis', 'X-rays', 'MRI', 'Ultrasound']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/joint-pain/basics/tests-diagnosis/sym-20050668', 'https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/diagnosis/arthroscopy', 'https://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Diseases-Conditions/Arthritis']",['Musculoskeletal Ultrasound'],1,0.0,"{'Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)': ['Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Diclofenac', 'Celecoxib', 'Meloxicam'], 'Acetaminophen': ['Tylenol'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Dexamethasone'], 'Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)': ['Methotrexate', 'Hydroxychloroquine', 'Sulfasalazine', 'Leflunomide'], 'Biologic Response Modifiers': ['Etanercept', 'Infliximab', 'Adalimumab', 'Rituximab']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Rest the affected joint', 'Apply ice to reduce swelling', 'Elevate the affected joint', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen', 'Avoid activities that worsen the pain', 'Use assistive devices, such as crutches or a cane, if needed', 'Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the joints', 'Engage in low-impact exercises, such as swimming or cycling, to improve joint flexibility and strength', 'Apply heat to the affected joint to relieve stiffness', 'Try physical therapy to learn exercises and techniques to manage pain', 'Consider alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or massage, under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthralgia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354847', 'https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/joint-pain#1']","{'Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}]}

Note: The contraindications for Arthralgia include allergic reactions or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs, gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding, and renal impairment. These contraindications should be considered when prescribing NSAIDs to individuals with Arthralgia."
5,Arthritis,"['Joint pain', 'Joint stiffness', 'Joint swelling', 'Joint redness', 'Joint warmth', 'Joint tenderness', 'Limited range of motion', 'Joint deformity', 'Muscle weakness', 'Fatigue', 'Fever', 'Weight loss']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350772', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/arthritis/symptoms']","['joint pain', 'decreased range of motion', 'stiffness', 'redness', 'swelling']",1,0.0,"['Physical examination', 'Blood tests (such as complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein)', 'Rheumatoid factor test', 'Antinuclear antibody test', 'Joint fluid analysis', 'X-rays', 'MRI', 'Ultrasound']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350777', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/arthritis/diagnosis', 'https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/arthritis/diagnosis/']","['Imaging', 'Laboratory tests']",1,0.0,"{'Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)': ['Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Diclofenac', 'Celecoxib', 'Meloxicam'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Prednisolone'], 'Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)': ['Methotrexate', 'Sulfasalazine', 'Hydroxychloroquine', 'Leflunomide', 'Azathioprine'], 'Biologic Response Modifiers': ['Adalimumab', 'Etanercept', 'Infliximab', 'Rituximab', 'Abatacept']}","['https://www.arthritis.org/', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350772', 'https://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/default.htm']","['NSAIDs', 'Biologic response modifiers', 'Corticosteroids', 'Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)', 'DMARDs', 'Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Biologics']",2,0.25,"['Exercise regularly to strengthen muscles and improve joint flexibility', 'Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on joints', 'Apply hot or cold packs to affected joints for pain relief', 'Use assistive devices, such as braces or splints, to support joints', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, as directed', 'Follow a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins', 'Avoid foods that may trigger inflammation, such as processed foods and sugary drinks', ""Get plenty of rest and ensure a good night's sleep"", 'Engage in low-impact activities, such as swimming or cycling, to reduce joint strain', 'Consider physical therapy to learn exercises and techniques for managing arthritis symptoms', 'Discuss with your healthcare provider about prescription medications for pain and inflammation', 'Manage stress levels through relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation', 'Stay hydrated by drinking enough water throughout the day', 'Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption', 'Stay informed about the latest research and treatment options for arthritis']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350777', 'https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/treatment/complementary-therapies/', 'https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/management.htm']","{""Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding"",""Reason"": ""NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Renal impairment"",""Reason"": ""NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.""}],""Corticosteroids"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Systemic fungal infections"",""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of systemic fungal infections. These medications should be avoided in individuals with active systemic fungal infections.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Herpes simplex infection of the eye"",""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can worsen or prolong herpes simplex eye infections. These medications should be avoided in individuals with active herpes simplex eye infections.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Live vaccines"",""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can reduce the effectiveness of live vaccines. Individuals receiving corticosteroid treatment should discuss vaccination schedules with their healthcare provider.""}],""Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Pregnancy"",""Reason"": ""Some DMARDs can have adverse effects on fetal development and are contraindicated during pregnancy. Women of childbearing age should use appropriate contraception while taking these medications.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Breastfeeding"",""Reason"": ""Some DMARDs can be transferred to the infant through breast milk and may have harmful effects. These medications should be avoided during breastfeeding or alternative feeding methods should be considered.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Liver dysfunction or disease"",""Reason"": ""DMARDs can affect liver function and should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with liver dysfunction or disease.""}],""Biologic Response Modifiers"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Active infections"",""Reason"": ""Biologic response modifiers can suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. These medications should be avoided in individuals with active infections, including tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and certain fungal infections.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Malignancy"",""Reason"": ""Some biologic response modifiers may increase the risk of malignancy. These medications should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with a history of cancer or active malignancy.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Heart failure"",""Reason"": ""Certain biologic response modifiers can worsen heart failure symptoms. These medications should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with heart failure.""}]}"
6,Asthma,"['Coughing', 'Wheezing', 'Shortness of breath', 'Chest tightness', 'Chest pain', 'Difficulty sleeping due to coughing or wheezing', 'Coughing or wheezing attacks worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu', 'Delayed recovery or bronchitis after a respiratory infection', 'Trouble breathing that may limit physical activities', 'A whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling', 'Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing', 'Coughing or wheezing that is worsened by cold or flu', 'Fatigue', 'Anxiety', 'Rapid breathing', 'Pale or sweaty face', 'Chest retractions (when the skin between the ribs pulls in during breathing)', 'Difficulty talking', 'Feelings of panic or apprehension', 'Blue lips or fingernails']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20369653', 'https://www.webmd.com/asthma/guide/asthma-symptoms', 'https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/symptoms/']","['Exercise-induced asthma', 'Chest pain', 'Rapid breathing', 'Allergy-induced asthma', 'Coughing', 'coughing', 'Fatigue', 'breathlessness', 'Anxiety', 'Occupational asthma', 'The need to use a quick-relief inhaler more often', 'Shortness of breath', 'Increasing difficulty breathing', 'wheezing', 'Wheezing when exhaling', 'Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu', 'Wheezing', 'Chest tightness', 'Difficulty sleeping due to coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath', 'tight chest', 'Increased heart rate', 'Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing', 'Chest tightness or pain']",2,0.45,"['Spirometry', 'Peak flow meter', 'Chest X-ray', 'Allergy testing', 'Blood tests', 'Exhaled nitric oxide test']","['https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/asthma', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369660', 'https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/diagnosing-and-treating/diagnosing.html']",['clinical test or investigation'],1,0.0,"{'Bronchodilators': ['Albuterol', 'Levalbuterol', 'Salmeterol', 'Formoterol', 'Terbutaline'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Fluticasone', 'Budesonide', 'Beclomethasone', 'Mometasone', 'Prednisone'], 'Leukotriene Modifiers': ['Montelukast', 'Zafirlukast', 'Zileuton'], 'Mast Cell Stabilizers': ['Cromolyn', 'Nedocromil'], 'Immunomodulators': ['Omalizumab']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369660', 'https://www.webmd.com/asthma/guide/asthma-treatment-options#1']","['Beta blockers', 'Calcium channel blockers', 'Anti-arrhythmic medications', 'Digoxin', 'Blood thinners']",0,0.0,"['Avoid triggers such as smoke, dust, and pet dander', 'Take prescribed medications as directed', 'Use a peak flow meter to monitor lung function', 'Follow an asthma action plan', 'Get vaccinated for the flu and pneumonia', 'Maintain a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet', 'Avoid respiratory infections', 'Keep your home clean and free of allergens', 'Use a humidifier or dehumidifier to control humidity levels', 'Avoid strenuous exercise in cold weather', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid exposure to air pollution', 'Consider allergy testing and immunotherapy', 'Educate yourself and your loved ones about asthma', 'Seek emergency medical attention for severe symptoms']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369660', 'https://www.webmd.com/asthma/guide/asthma-treatment-care']","{
  ""Bronchodilators"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Cardiovascular disease"",
      ""Reason"": ""Bronchodilators can cause cardiovascular side effects and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Severe respiratory insufficiency or asthma exacerbation"",
      ""Reason"": ""Bronchodilators should be used cautiously or avoided in individuals with severe respiratory insufficiency or during an asthma exacerbation as they may not provide adequate relief or may worsen symptoms.""
    }
  ],
  ""Corticosteroids"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Active infections"",
      ""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system, and their use may be contraindicated in individuals with active infections, including tuberculosis or fungal infections.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Uncontrolled diabetes"",
      ""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can increase blood sugar levels and may be contraindicated in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Osteoporosis"",
      ""Reason"": ""Long-term use of corticosteroids can contribute to osteoporosis and may be contraindicated in individuals with osteoporosis or a high risk of developing it.""
    }
  ],
  ""Leukotriene Modifiers"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Hepatic impairment"",
      ""Reason"": ""Leukotriene modifiers are metabolized in the liver, and individuals with severe hepatic impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision to avoid potential adverse effects.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Aspirin sensitivity or intolerance"",
      ""Reason"": ""Some individuals with asthma may also have aspirin sensitivity or intolerance. Leukotriene modifiers should be used with caution in these individuals, as they may not provide sufficient relief or may trigger adverse reactions.""
    }
  ],
  ""Mast Cell Stabilizers"": [],
  ""Immunomodulators"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Anaphylaxis to previous doses"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals who have experienced anaphylaxis (a severe allergic reaction) to previous doses of omalizumab should not receive further treatment with this medication.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Malignant neoplasms"",
      ""Reason"": ""Omalizumab should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with malignant neoplasms (cancer), as its effects on the immune system may interfere with cancer treatment or surveillance.""
    }
  ]
}"
7,Conjunctivitis,"['Redness in the white of the eye', 'Swelling of the eyelids', 'Itching or burning sensation in the eyes', 'Excessive tearing', 'Discharge from the eyes', 'Sensitivity to light', 'Blurred vision']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/symptoms-causes/syc-20376355', 'https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/about/symptoms.html']","['Increased tear production', 'Redness in one or both eyes', 'Swelling of the conjunctiva', 'Sensitivity to light, called photophobia', 'Feeling like a foreign body is in the eye(s) or an urge to rub the eye(s)', 'Itching, irritation, and/or burning', 'Contact lenses that feel uncomfortable and/or do not stay in place on the eye', 'A gritty feeling in one or both eyes', 'Tearing', 'Discharge (pus or mucus)', 'Crusting of eyelids or lashes, especially in the morning', 'Itchiness in one or both eyes', 'A discharge in one or both eyes that forms a crust during the night that may prevent your eye or eyes from opening in the morning', 'Pink or red color in the white of the eye(s)']",2,0.0,"['Visual acuity test', 'Slit-lamp examination', 'Tear film evaluation', 'Conjunctival swab culture', 'Allergy testing']","['https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-conjunctivitis', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376341', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850827/']",[],1,0.0,"{'Antibiotics': ['Erythromycin', 'Tetracycline', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Ofloxacin', 'Gentamicin'], 'Antiviral drugs': ['Acyclovir', 'Ganciclovir', 'Famciclovir', 'Valacyclovir'], 'Antihistamines': ['Loratadine', 'Cetirizine', 'Diphenhydramine', 'Chlorpheniramine'], 'Steroid eye drops': ['Prednisolone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Fluorometholone', 'Loteprednol']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376341', 'https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/eye-health-conjunctivitis#1']",[],0,0.0,"['Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes', 'Wash your hands frequently', 'Avoid sharing towels, pillows, or other personal items', 'Avoid wearing contact lenses until the infection clears', 'Clean and disinfect your contact lenses and lens case regularly', 'Avoid using eye makeup or sharing eye makeup with others', 'Apply a warm compress to your eyes to relieve discomfort', 'Use artificial tears or lubricating eye drops to soothe dryness', 'Avoid exposure to irritants such as smoke or allergens', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to reduce pain and inflammation', 'Avoid wearing eye makeup or contact lenses until the infection clears', 'Avoid swimming in pools or hot tubs', ""Follow your healthcare provider's instructions for using prescription eye drops or ointments"", 'Avoid using eye drops or ointments that have been opened for longer than recommended', 'Wash your hands before and after applying eye drops or ointments', 'Avoid close contact with others, especially if they have symptoms of conjunctivitis', 'Clean and disinfect surfaces that may be contaminated with the virus or bacteria causing conjunctivitis', 'Follow up with your healthcare provider to monitor your symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376341', 'https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/about/prevention.html']","{
   ""Antibiotics"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Allergy or hypersensitivity to antibiotics"",
         ""Reason"":""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antibiotics should avoid their use.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Bacterial infection caused by antibiotic-resistant strains"",
         ""Reason"":""Antibiotics may not be effective in treating bacterial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains.""
      }
   ],
   ""Antiviral drugs"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Allergy or hypersensitivity to antiviral drugs"",
         ""Reason"":""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antiviral drugs should avoid their use.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Viral infection caused by antiviral-resistant strains"",
         ""Reason"":""Antiviral drugs may not be effective in treating viral infections caused by antiviral-resistant strains.""
      }
   ],
   ""Antihistamines"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Allergies or hypersensitivity to antihistamines"",
         ""Reason"":""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antihistamines should avoid their use.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Narrow-angle glaucoma"",
         ""Reason"":""Antihistamines can increase intraocular pressure and may worsen symptoms in individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma.""
      }
   ],
   ""Steroid eye drops"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Fungal or viral eye infections"",
         ""Reason"":""Steroid eye drops can worsen fungal or viral eye infections and should be avoided in these cases.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Untreated or uncontrolled glaucoma"",
         ""Reason"":""Steroid eye drops can increase intraocular pressure and should be used with caution in individuals with untreated or uncontrolled glaucoma.""
      }
   ]
}"
8,Dermatitis,"['Red, inflamed skin', 'Itchy skin', 'Dry, cracked skin', 'Blisters or vesicles', 'Swelling', 'Burning or stinging sensation', 'Rash', 'Scaly or flaky skin', 'Oozing or crusting', 'Pain or discomfort']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352380', 'https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/understanding-eczema-symptoms']","['cracking', 'itching', 'oozing', 'leathery', 'redness', 'sensitive', 'swelling', 'blistering', 'discolored', 'bleeding', 'dryness', 'raw', 'thickened skin', 'scaly patches', 'rough']",0,0.0,"['Skin patch test', 'Skin biopsy', 'Blood tests', 'Allergy tests', 'Patch testing', 'Photopatch testing']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352380', 'https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/dermatitis#diagnosis']",[],1,0.0,"{'Topical Corticosteroids': ['Hydrocortisone', 'Triamcinolone', 'Fluticasone', 'Betamethasone', 'Mometasone'], 'Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors': ['Tacrolimus', 'Pimecrolimus'], 'Topical Antihistamines': ['Diphenhydramine', 'Doxepin'], 'Topical Antibiotics': ['Neomycin', 'Bacitracin', 'Polymyxin B'], 'Emollients': ['Petroleum jelly', 'Lanolin', 'Mineral oil', 'Ceramides'], 'Systemic Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Dexamethasone'], 'Systemic Antihistamines': ['Cetirizine', 'Loratadine', 'Fexofenadine'], 'Immunosuppressants': ['Cyclosporine', 'Methotrexate', 'Azathioprine']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Keep your skin clean and moisturized', 'Avoid triggers that worsen your symptoms, such as certain soaps, detergents, and fabrics', 'Use mild, fragrance-free skincare products', 'Avoid scratching or rubbing the affected areas', 'Apply a cold compress or take a cool bath to relieve itching', 'Avoid hot showers or baths', 'Wear loose-fitting, breathable clothing', 'Avoid excessive sweating', 'Use a humidifier in dry environments', 'Avoid contact with known irritants or allergens', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid extreme temperatures', 'Avoid prolonged exposure to water', 'Avoid harsh chemicals or solvents', 'Protect your skin from the sun', 'Avoid tight-fitting gloves or shoes', 'Keep your nails short to prevent scratching', 'Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve']",[],"{""Topical Corticosteroids"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Skin infections or open wounds"",""Reason"": ""Topical corticosteroids can suppress the immune system and may worsen skin infections or delay wound healing. They should be avoided in individuals with active skin infections or open wounds.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Skin atrophy or thinning"",""Reason"": ""Long-term use of topical corticosteroids can cause skin atrophy or thinning. They should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with pre-existing skin atrophy or thinning.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Rosacea or acne"",""Reason"": ""Topical corticosteroids can exacerbate rosacea or acne. They should be used with caution in individuals with these conditions, and alternative treatments may be considered.""}],""Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Skin infections or open wounds"",""Reason"": ""Topical calcineurin inhibitors can suppress the immune system and may worsen skin infections or delay wound healing. They should be avoided in individuals with active skin infections or open wounds.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Skin cancer or premalignant conditions"",""Reason"": ""The long-term safety of topical calcineurin inhibitors on skin cancer risk is uncertain. They should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with a history of skin cancer or premalignant conditions.""}],""Topical Antihistamines"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Glaucoma or increased intraocular pressure"",""Reason"": ""Topical antihistamines can increase intraocular pressure and may worsen glaucoma. They should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with glaucoma or known increased intraocular pressure.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Open wounds or broken skin"",""Reason"": ""Topical antihistamines should be avoided in individuals with open wounds or broken skin, as they may cause stinging or irritation.""}],""Topical Antibiotics"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to topical antibiotics should avoid their use.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Deep or puncture wounds"",""Reason"": ""Topical antibiotics may not penetrate deep wounds or puncture wounds effectively, and alternative treatments should be considered.""}],""Emollients"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to emollients should avoid their use.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Open wounds or broken skin"",""Reason"": ""Emollients should be avoided in individuals with open wounds or broken skin, as they may cause stinging or irritation.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Petroleum jelly and mineral oil in intertriginous areas"",""Reason"": ""Petroleum jelly and mineral oil can occlude and exacerbate intertriginous dermatitis. They should be used with caution or avoided in these areas.""}],""Systemic Corticosteroids"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Systemic fungal infections"",""Reason"": ""Systemic corticosteroids can suppress the immune system and may worsen systemic fungal infections. They should be avoided in individuals with active systemic fungal infections.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding"",""Reason"": ""Systemic corticosteroids can increase the risk of peptic ulcer disease and gastrointestinal bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use systemic corticosteroids with caution or consider alternative treatments.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Uncontrolled hypertension"",""Reason"": ""Systemic corticosteroids can increase blood pressure. They should be used with caution in individuals with uncontrolled hypertension.""}],""Systemic Antihistamines"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Narrow-angle glaucoma"",""Reason"": ""Systemic antihistamines can increase intraocular pressure and may worsen narrow-angle glaucoma. They should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Benign prostatic hyperplasia"",""Reason"": ""Systemic antihistamines can worsen symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. They should be used with caution in individuals with this condition.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Urinary retention"",""Reason"": ""Systemic antihistamines can cause urinary retention. They should be used with caution in individuals with a history of urinary retention.""}],""Immunosuppressants"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Active infections"",""Reason"": ""Immunosuppressants can suppress the immune system and may worsen active infections. They should be avoided in individuals with active infections.""},{""Contraindication"": ""History of malignancy"",""Reason"": ""The use of immunosuppressants may increase the risk of malignancy. They should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with a history of malignancy.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Pregnancy or planning to become pregnant"",""Reason"": ""Immunosuppressants may have adverse effects on fetal development. They should be avoided in pregnant individuals or those planning to become pregnant.""}]}"
9,Diabetes Mellitus,"['Frequent urination', 'Increased thirst', 'Extreme hunger', 'Unexplained weight loss', 'Fatigue', 'Blurred vision', 'Slow-healing sores', 'Frequent infections', 'Tingling or numbness in hands or feet', 'Recurrent skin, gum, or bladder infections']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444', 'https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/understanding-diabetes-symptoms#1']","['Unexplained weight loss', 'extreme hunger', 'blurred vision', 'fatigue and weakness', 'Excessive thirst', 'Tingling or numbness in hands or feet', 'Feeling very tired', 'unintended weight loss', 'Very dry skin', 'More infections than usual', 'Sudden vision changes', 'Frequent urination', 'getting a lot of infections', 'slow-healing sores', 'increased thirst', 'frequent urination', 'irritability and other mood changes', 'Extreme hunger', 'Sores that are slow to heal']",1,0.4,"['Fasting plasma glucose test', 'Oral glucose tolerance test', 'Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test', 'Random plasma glucose test', 'Urinalysis', 'Lipid profile', 'Kidney function tests', 'Liver function tests', 'C-peptide test', 'Insulin level test']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371451', 'https://www.diabetes.org/a1c/diagnosis', 'https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/diabetes', 'https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/diabetes-tests', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes/diagnosis-tests']","['A1C', 'A1C test', 'Random blood sugar test', 'Fasting blood sugar test', 'Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)', 'Random (also called Casual) Plasma Glucose Test', 'Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)', 'Glucose tolerance test']",2,0.0,"{'Insulin': ['Humulin', 'Novolin', 'Lantus', 'Levemir', 'Toujeo'], 'Biguanides': ['Metformin'], 'Sulfonylureas': ['Glipizide', 'Glyburide', 'Gliclazide'], 'Thiazolidinediones': ['Pioglitazone', 'Rosiglitazone'], 'Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors': ['Sitagliptin', 'Saxagliptin', 'Linagliptin'], 'Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors': ['Canagliflozin', 'Dapagliflozin', 'Empagliflozin'], 'Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors': ['Acarbose', 'Miglitol'], 'Meglitinides': ['Repaglinide', 'Nateglinide'], 'Bile Acid Sequestrants': ['Colesevelam'], 'Amylin Analogues': ['Pramlintide']}","['https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/medication-management/oral-medication/what-are-my-options', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371451', 'https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/diabetes-medications#1']","['statins', 'Alpha glucosidase inhibitors', 'insulin', 'SGLT2 inhibitors', 'Metformin', 'Meglitinides', 'Dopamine-2 agonists', 'glucose-lowering medication', 'diabetes medications', 'DPP-4 inhibitors', 'high blood pressure medications', 'Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)', 'GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists', 'metformin', 'SGLT2 Inhibitors', 'Bile acid sequestrants', 'Sulfonylureas']",2,0.2,"['Monitor your blood sugar levels regularly', 'Follow a healthy diet plan', 'Engage in regular physical activity', 'Take medications as prescribed by your healthcare provider', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Limit the consumption of sugary and processed foods', 'Avoid skipping meals', 'Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water', 'Manage stress levels', 'Get enough sleep', 'Quit smoking', 'Limit alcohol consumption', 'Educate yourself about diabetes and its management', 'Join a support group for individuals with diabetes', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider for check-ups and adjustments in treatment']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371451', 'https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes', 'https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/diabetes.html']","{'Insulin': [{'Contraindication': 'Hypoglycemia unawareness', 'Reason': 'Insulin should be used with caution in individuals with hypoglycemia unawareness, as they may be unable to recognize symptoms of low blood sugar.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Allergy or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to insulin should avoid its use.'}], 'Biguanides': [{'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'Metformin should be used cautiously in individuals with renal impairment, as it can accumulate and increase the risk of lactic acidosis.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Heart failure', 'Reason': 'Metformin is generally contraindicated in individuals with heart failure, as it may worsen the condition.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Allergy or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to metformin should avoid its use.'}], 'Sulfonylureas': [{'Contraindication': 'Hypoglycemia unawareness', 'Reason': 'Sulfonylureas should be used with caution in individuals with hypoglycemia unawareness, as they may be unable to recognize symptoms of low blood sugar.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Allergy or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas should avoid their use.'}], 'Thiazolidinediones': [{'Contraindication': 'Heart failure', 'Reason': 'Thiazolidinediones can increase the risk of fluid retention and exacerbate heart failure. They should be used with caution in individuals with heart failure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Liver disease', 'Reason': 'Thiazolidinediones should be avoided in individuals with liver disease, as they can further impair liver function.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Allergy or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to thiazolidinediones should avoid their use.'}], 'Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergy or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to DPP-4 inhibitors should avoid their use.'}], 'Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors': [{'Contraindication': 'Diabetic ketoacidosis', 'Reason': 'SGLT2 inhibitors may increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. They should be avoided in individuals with a history of this condition.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'SGLT2 inhibitors should be used with caution in individuals with renal impairment, as they can further affect kidney function.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Allergy or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to SGLT2 inhibitors should avoid their use.'}], 'Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors': [{'Contraindication': 'Inflammatory bowel disease or intestinal obstruction', 'Reason': 'Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors should be used with caution in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease or intestinal obstruction, as they can worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Allergy or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to alpha-glucosidase inhibitors should avoid their use.'}], 'Meglitinides': [{'Contraindication': 'Hypoglycemia unawareness', 'Reason': 'Meglitinides should be used with caution in individuals with hypoglycemia unawareness, as they may be unable to recognize symptoms of low blood sugar.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Allergy or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to meglitinides should avoid their use.'}], 'Bile Acid Sequestrants': [{'Contraindication': 'Bowel or gallbladder obstruction', 'Reason': 'Bile acid sequestrants should be avoided in individuals with bowel or gallbladder obstruction, as they can worsen these conditions.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Allergy or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to bile acid sequestrants should avoid their use.'}], 'Amylin Analogues': [{'Contraindication': 'Gastroparesis', 'Reason': 'Amylin analogues should be used with caution in individuals with gastroparesis, as they can further delay gastric emptying.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Allergy or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to amylin analogues should avoid their use.'}]}"
10,Dysentery,"['Abdominal pain', 'Bloody diarrhea', 'Fever', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Loss of appetite', 'Dehydration', 'Fatigue', 'Weight loss', 'Cramping', 'Tenesmus']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysentery/symptoms-causes/syc-20352961', 'https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/what-is-dysentery#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/dysentery']","['dehydration', 'bloody diarrhea', 'fever', 'nausea', 'vomiting', 'fatigue', 'weight loss', 'abdominal pain', 'cramps']",0,0.0,"['Stool culture', 'Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Colonoscopy', 'Sigmoidoscopy', 'Stool examination for parasites', 'Stool examination for ova and parasites (O&P)', 'Rectal swab culture']","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780231/', 'https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/dientamoeba/infection.html', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysentery/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352895']",[],0,0.0,"{'Antibiotics': ['Ciprofloxacin', 'Levofloxacin', 'Azithromycin', 'Metronidazole', 'Doxycycline'], 'Antidiarrheal Agents': ['Loperamide', 'Diphenoxylate', 'Atropine', 'Bismuth subsalicylate'], 'Fluid Replacement': ['Oral rehydration solution', 'Intravenous fluids']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration', 'Avoid caffeine and alcohol', 'Eat small, frequent meals', 'Avoid spicy and fatty foods', 'Stick to a bland diet, such as rice, bananas, and toast', 'Avoid dairy products', 'Take over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medications, such as loperamide (Imodium)', 'Take antibiotics as prescribed by your healthcare provider', 'Practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently', 'Avoid close contact with others to prevent the spread of infection', 'Get plenty of rest', 'Avoid strenuous activities', 'Follow up with your healthcare provider for monitoring and further treatment']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysentery/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351847', 'https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/dysentery#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/dysentery#treatment']","{'Antibiotics': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergy to antibiotics', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antibiotics should avoid their use.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Certain antibiotics may pose risks to the fetus or newborn and should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.'}], 'Antidiarrheal Agents': [{'Contraindication': 'Bloody diarrhea or high fever', 'Reason': 'Antidiarrheal agents should not be used in cases of bloody diarrhea or high fever as they can mask important symptoms and delay appropriate medical treatment.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Intestinal obstruction or bacterial colitis', 'Reason': 'Antidiarrheal agents are contraindicated in cases of intestinal obstruction or bacterial colitis as they can worsen these conditions.'}], 'Fluid Replacement': []}"
11,Fungal Infection,"['Itchy skin', 'Redness or rash', 'Peeling or flaking skin', 'Blisters or ulcers', 'Cracking or oozing skin', 'Swelling', 'Burning or stinging sensation', 'Pain or discomfort', 'Thickened or discolored nails', 'Brittle or crumbly nails', 'White or yellow spots on nails', 'Nail loss']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294', 'https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ss/slideshow-common-conditions']","['Brittle, crumbly or ragged', 'Smelly', 'Discolored', 'Separated from the nail bed', 'Misshapen', 'Thickened']",1,0.0,"['Skin scraping', 'KOH (potassium hydroxide) test', 'Fungal culture', 'Skin biopsy', 'Blood tests']","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920909/', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fungal-infections/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353625', 'https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/infections/diagnosis.html']",[],0,0.0,"{'Polyene Antifungals': ['Amphotericin B', 'Nystatin'], 'Azole Antifungals': ['Fluconazole', 'Itraconazole', 'Ketoconazole', 'Voriconazole'], 'Echinocandins': ['Caspofungin', 'Micafungin', 'Anidulafungin'], 'Allylamines': ['Terbinafine'], 'Topical Antifungals': ['Clotrimazole', 'Miconazole', 'Econazole', 'Ketoconazole']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163673/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163673/']",[],0,0.0,"['Keep the affected area clean and dry', 'Avoid wearing tight-fitting clothing', 'Change socks and underwear daily', 'Use antifungal powders or creams as prescribed', 'Avoid sharing personal items such as towels or clothing', 'Wash and dry bedding and clothing at high temperatures', 'Avoid walking barefoot in public areas such as locker rooms or swimming pools', 'Avoid scratching the affected area', 'Avoid excessive moisture in the affected area', 'Maintain good hygiene practices', 'Avoid using scented soaps or lotions on the affected area', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/athlete-s-foot/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353836', 'https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/index.html']","{""Polyene Antifungals"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypersensitivity"",""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to polyene antifungals should avoid their use.""}], ""Azole Antifungals"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hepatic impairment"",""Reason"": ""Azole antifungals can affect liver function and should be used with caution or under medical supervision in individuals with hepatic impairment.""},{""Contraindication"": ""QT prolongation"",""Reason"": ""Some azole antifungals have the potential to prolong the QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG) and should be used with caution in individuals with a history of QT prolongation or certain cardiac conditions.""}], ""Echinocandins"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypersensitivity"",""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to echinocandins should avoid their use.""}], ""Allylamines"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hepatic impairment"",""Reason"": ""Allylamines can affect liver function and should be used with caution or under medical supervision in individuals with hepatic impairment.""}], ""Topical Antifungals"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypersensitivity"",""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to topical antifungals should avoid their use.""}]}"
12,Gastritis,"['Abdominal pain', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Indigestion', 'Loss of appetite', 'Bloating', 'Belching', 'Feeling full after eating small amounts', 'Hiccups', 'Black, tarry stools', 'Vomiting blood or coffee ground-like material', 'Fatigue', 'Weakness', 'Shortness of breath', 'Chest pain']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355807', 'https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-gastritis#1']","['Burping', 'Black, tarry stools', 'Vomiting blood or coffee ground-like material', 'Loss of appetite', 'A feeling of fullness in your upper abdomen after eating', 'Nausea', 'Bloating', 'Hiccups', 'Feeling full after eating only a small amount', 'Severe, sharp stomach pain', 'Gnawing or burning ache or pain (indigestion) in your upper abdomen that may become either worse or better with eating', 'Vomiting', 'Abdominal pain', 'Chest pain', 'Indigestion', 'Shortness of breath']",1,0.7333333333333333,"['Upper endoscopy', 'Biopsy', 'Blood tests', 'Stool tests', 'Breath tests']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355813', 'https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-gastritis#1']","['Endoscopy', 'Scope examination', 'Tests for H. pylori', 'Breath test', 'Upper digestive system X-ray']",1,0.0,"{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': ['Omeprazole', 'Lansoprazole', 'Esomeprazole', 'Pantoprazole', 'Rabeprazole'], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': ['Cimetidine', 'Ranitidine', 'Famotidine', 'Nizatidine'], 'Antacids': ['Aluminum hydroxide', 'Magnesium hydroxide', 'Calcium carbonate', 'Sodium bicarbonate'], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': ['Misoprostol']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4991651/', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355813']",[],1,0.0,"['Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Eat smaller, more frequent meals', 'Avoid lying down immediately after eating', 'Quit smoking', 'Limit alcohol consumption', 'Avoid aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Take antacids as prescribed', 'Take medications for acid reflux as prescribed', 'Avoid eating before bedtime', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid hot and spicy foods', 'Limit or avoid alcohol consumption', 'Quit smoking', 'Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Take prescribed medications as directed', 'Eat smaller, more frequent meals', 'Avoid lying down or going to bed immediately after eating', 'Manage stress through relaxation techniques', 'Avoid foods that irritate the stomach lining', 'Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water', 'Avoid eating too quickly or overeating', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Follow up with your healthcare provider for regular check-ups and monitoring of symptoms']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355813', 'https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/understanding-gastritis-treatment#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gastritis#treatment']","{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': [{'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to proton pump inhibitors should avoid their use.'}], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': [{'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to H2 receptor antagonists should avoid their use.'}], 'Antacids': [{'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antacids should avoid their use.'}], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': [{'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy', 'Reason': 'Prostaglandin analogues are contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus.'}]}"
13,Gastroenteritis,"['Abdominal pain', 'Diarrhea', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Fever', 'Headache', 'Muscle aches', 'Fatigue']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378893', 'https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/symptoms.html']","['Diarrhea', 'Fever', 'Body aches', 'Stomach pain', 'Nausea', 'Headache', 'Vomiting']",1,0.625,"['Stool culture', 'Stool antigen test', 'Stool PCR test', 'Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Electrolyte panel', 'Kidney function tests', 'Liver function tests', 'Abdominal ultrasound']","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6024687/', 'https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/disease/gastroenteritis.html', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378852']",['rapid stool test'],1,0.0,"{'Antidiarrheal agents': ['Loperamide', 'Bismuth subsalicylate', 'Diphenoxylate', 'Atropine', 'Racecadotril'], 'Antiemetics': ['Ondansetron', 'Metoclopramide', 'Promethazine', 'Prochlorperazine'], 'Probiotics': ['Lactobacillus acidophilus', 'Bifidobacterium bifidum', 'Saccharomyces boulardii', 'Streptococcus thermophilus'], 'Fluid replacement': ['Oral rehydration solution', 'Intravenous fluids']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920633/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920633/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920633/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920633/']",[],0,0.0,"['Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids', 'Avoid solid foods until vomiting and diarrhea have stopped', 'Gradually reintroduce bland, easy-to-digest foods such as rice, bananas, and toast', 'Avoid dairy products, fatty foods, caffeine, and alcohol', 'Wash hands thoroughly and frequently', 'Avoid close contact with others to prevent spreading the infection', 'Get plenty of rest', 'Take over-the-counter medications for symptoms such as fever, pain, and nausea, as directed by a healthcare professional', 'Avoid anti-diarrheal medications unless recommended by a healthcare professional', 'Follow up with a healthcare professional if symptoms worsen or do not improve within a few days']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastroenteritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378852', 'https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/chronic_diarrhea.html']","{
  ""Antidiarrheal agents"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Bowel obstruction"",
      ""Reason"": ""Antidiarrheal agents should not be used in individuals with suspected or known bowel obstruction, as they can further slow down bowel function and potentially worsen the condition.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Severe abdominal pain"",
      ""Reason"": ""Antidiarrheal agents should not be used in individuals with severe abdominal pain, as it may be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition that requires medical evaluation and treatment.""
    }
  ],
  ""Antiemetics"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"",
      ""Reason"": ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.""
    }
  ],
  ""Probiotics"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Immunocompromised individuals"",
      ""Reason"": ""Probiotics may not be recommended for individuals with compromised immune systems, as they may increase the risk of infection. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before using probiotics in such cases.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Central venous catheter"",
      ""Reason"": ""Probiotics should not be directly administered through a central venous catheter, as it can increase the risk of infection.""
    }
  ],
  ""Fluid replacement"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Severe fluid overload"",
      ""Reason"": ""In cases of severe fluid overload, excessive administration of fluids can lead to further complications. Proper evaluation and monitoring of fluid status are required in such cases.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Congestive heart failure"",
      ""Reason"": ""In individuals with congestive heart failure, excessive fluid administration can worsen fluid retention and compromise cardiac function. It is important to adjust fluid replacement therapy accordingly.""
    }
  ]
}"
14,Gerd - Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease,"['Heartburn', 'Regurgitation', 'Difficulty swallowing', 'Chest pain', 'Sore throat', 'Hoarseness', 'Chronic cough', 'Feeling of a lump in the throat']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/symptoms-causes/syc-20361940', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/reflux-disease-gerd-1#1']","['Sensation of a lump in your throat', 'Sore throat', 'Upper abdominal or chest pain', 'New or worsening asthma', 'A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn)', 'Coughing', 'Regurgitation', 'Wheezing', 'Hoarseness', 'Inflammation of the vocal cords (laryngitis)', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Chest pain', 'An ongoing cough', 'Heartburn', 'Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)', 'Backwash (regurgitation) of food or sour liquid', 'Difficulty swallowing']",1,0.75,"['Upper endoscopy', 'Esophageal pH monitoring', 'Esophageal manometry', 'Barium swallow test', 'Ambulatory acid (pH) probe test', 'Esophageal impedance testing']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/diagnosis', 'https://www.gastro.org/practice-guidance/gi-patient-center/topic/gerd-ger-and-gerd-in-infants-and-children']","['Transnasal esophagoscopy', 'Endoscopy', 'X-ray of the upper digestive system', 'Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy', 'Upper endoscopy', 'Ambulatory acid (pH) probe test', 'Esophageal manometry', 'Esophageal pH monitoring']",2,0.6666666666666666,"{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': ['Omeprazole', 'Lansoprazole', 'Esomeprazole', 'Pantoprazole', 'Rabeprazole'], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': ['Cimetidine', 'Ranitidine', 'Famotidine', 'Nizatidine'], 'Antacids': ['Aluminum hydroxide', 'Magnesium hydroxide', 'Calcium carbonate', 'Sodium bicarbonate'], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': ['Misoprostol']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/lifestyle-changes-heartburn', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/treatment#medications']","['Proton pump inhibitors', 'H2 blockers', 'H-2 blockers', 'Foaming agents', 'Alginate drugs', 'Antacids', 'Prokinetics']",1,0.25,"['Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Eat smaller, more frequent meals', 'Avoid lying down immediately after eating', 'Elevate the head of your bed while sleeping', 'Quit smoking', 'Limit alcohol consumption', 'Avoid aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Take antacids as prescribed', 'Take medications for acid reflux as prescribed', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid tight-fitting clothing', 'Chew food thoroughly before swallowing', 'Drink plenty of water', 'Avoid eating before bedtime', 'Keep a food diary to identify trigger foods', 'Consider alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or herbal remedies, under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/lifestyle-changes-heartburn', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/lifestyle-changes#1', 'https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/treatment', 'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146619#home_remedies']","{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': [{'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity or Allergy', 'Reason': 'Individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to proton pump inhibitors should avoid their use.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Liver disease', 'Reason': 'Proton pump inhibitors should be used with caution in individuals with liver disease, as they can potentially affect liver function.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Proton pump inhibitors should be used cautiously or avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data.'}], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': [{'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity or Allergy', 'Reason': 'Individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to H2 receptor antagonists should avoid their use.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Impaired kidney function', 'Reason': 'H2 receptor antagonists should be used with caution or under medical supervision in individuals with impaired kidney function.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'H2 receptor antagonists should be used cautiously or avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data.'}], 'Antacids': [{'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity or Allergy', 'Reason': 'Individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to antacids should avoid their use.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Kidney disease', 'Reason': 'Antacids containing aluminum or magnesium should be used with caution or under medical supervision in individuals with kidney disease.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Calcium metabolism disorders', 'Reason': 'Antacids containing calcium carbonate should be used cautiously in individuals with calcium metabolism disorders.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Antacids should be used cautiously or avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data.'}], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': [{'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy', 'Reason': 'Prostaglandin analogues should not be used during pregnancy as they can stimulate uterine contractions and increase the risk of pregnancy complications or premature labor.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Women of childbearing age without effective contraception', 'Reason': 'Prostaglandin analogues should not be used in women of childbearing age who are not using effective contraception, as they can cause pregnancy loss.'}]}"
15,Gingivitis,"['Red, swollen gums', 'Tender gums', 'Bleeding gums', 'Receding gums', 'Bad breath', 'Bad taste in mouth', 'Loose teeth', 'Sensitive teeth', 'Painful chewing']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gingivitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354453', 'https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/gingivitis-gum-pictures#1']","['Swollen or puffy gums', 'Bad breath', 'Dusky red or dark red gums', 'Tender gums', 'Receding gums', 'Gums that bleed easily when you brush or floss']",1,0.3333333333333333,"['Dental examination', 'Dental X-rays', 'Periodontal probing', 'Oral hygiene assessment', 'Microbiological testing']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gingivitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354409', 'https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/gingivitis-tests-diagnosis#1']",[],0,0.0,"{'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Clindamycin', 'Metronidazole', 'Doxycycline'], 'Antiseptic Mouthwashes': ['Chlorhexidine', 'Cetylpyridinium chloride', 'Essential oils', 'Hydrogen peroxide'], 'Anti-inflammatory Drugs': ['Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Aspirin', 'Acetaminophen'], 'Topical Gels': ['Chlorhexidine gel', 'Metronidazole gel']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Brush your teeth twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush', 'Floss daily to remove plaque from between your teeth', 'Use an antimicrobial mouthwash to help reduce plaque and gingivitis', 'Avoid tobacco products', 'Eat a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits and vegetables', 'Limit sugary snacks and drinks', 'Schedule regular dental check-ups and cleanings', 'Consider using an electric toothbrush for more effective plaque removal', 'Practice good oral hygiene habits, such as replacing your toothbrush every three to four months', 'Manage stress levels, as stress can contribute to gum disease', 'Avoid grinding or clenching your teeth', 'If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar levels under control', 'If you have a weakened immune system, take extra precautions to prevent gum disease', 'If you notice any signs of gingivitis, such as red, swollen, or bleeding gums, seek dental care immediately']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gingivitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354453', 'https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/gingivitis-periodontal-disease#1']","{
   ""Antibiotics"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Allergy or hypersensitivity"",
         ""Reason"":""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antibiotics should avoid using these medications.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Clostridium difficile infection"",
         ""Reason"":""Certain antibiotics can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the gut, increasing the risk of Clostridium difficile infection.""
      }
   ],
   ""Antiseptic Mouthwashes"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Allergy or hypersensitivity"",
         ""Reason"":""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antiseptic mouthwashes should avoid using these products.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Mucositis or oral ulcers"",
         ""Reason"":""Antiseptic mouthwashes may worsen mucositis or oral ulcers in some individuals.""
      }
   ],
   ""Anti-inflammatory Drugs"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Allergy or hypersensitivity"",
         ""Reason"":""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to anti-inflammatory drugs should avoid using these medications.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding"",
         ""Reason"":""Anti-inflammatory drugs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use anti-inflammatory drugs with caution or consider alternative treatments.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Asthma or aspirin sensitivity"",
         ""Reason"":""Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may trigger asthma or worsen symptoms in individuals with asthma or aspirin sensitivity.""
      }
   ],
   ""Topical Gels"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Allergy or hypersensitivity"",
         ""Reason"":""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to topical gels should avoid using these products.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Open wounds or broken skin"",
         ""Reason"":""Topical gels should not be applied to open wounds or broken skin to avoid potential irritation or infection.""
      }
   ]
}"
16,Hypertension,"['Headaches', 'Shortness of breath', 'Nosebleeds', 'Chest pain', 'Dizziness', 'Fatigue', 'Vision problems', 'Irregular heartbeat', 'Blood in urine', 'Pounding in your chest, neck, or ears']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20373410', 'https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/hypertension-symptoms-high-blood-pressure#1']","['Nosebleeds', 'Visual disturbances', 'Pulsing pain', 'Sensitivity to sound', 'Pain on one side of the head', 'Headache', 'Nausea', 'Sensitivity to light', 'Throbbing pain', 'Shortness of breath', 'Vomiting', 'Headaches']",1,0.3,"['Blood pressure measurement', 'Blood tests', 'Urine tests', 'Electrocardiogram (ECG)', 'Echocardiogram', 'Stress test', 'Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring', 'Renal artery ultrasound', 'Renal artery angiography', 'Chest X-ray', 'CT scan', 'MRI']","['https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/diagnosing-high-blood-pressure', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373417', 'https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/high-blood-pressure']","['electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)', 'ambulatory blood pressure monitoring', 'echocardiogram', 'clinical trial', 'blood pressure test', 'lab tests']",2,0.0,"{'Diuretics': ['Hydrochlorothiazide', 'Chlorthalidone', 'Furosemide', 'Bumetanide', 'Spironolactone'], 'Beta Blockers': ['Metoprolol', 'Atenolol', 'Propranolol', 'Carvedilol', 'Labetalol'], 'Calcium Channel Blockers': ['Amlodipine', 'Diltiazem', 'Verapamil', 'Nifedipine', 'Felodipine'], 'Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors': ['Lisinopril', 'Enalapril', 'Ramipril', 'Captopril', 'Quinapril']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30110579', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30110580', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30110581']",[],3,0.0,"['Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins', 'Limit sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams per day', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Exercise regularly, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week', 'Limit alcohol consumption', 'Quit smoking', 'Manage stress levels through relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga', 'Monitor blood pressure regularly at home', 'Take medications as prescribed by your healthcare provider', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor blood pressure and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373417', 'https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/lifestyle-changes-to-manage-high-blood-pressure']","{""Diuretics"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Severe renal impairment"",""Reason"": ""Diuretics can further decrease renal function and should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with severe renal impairment.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Electrolyte imbalances"",""Reason"": ""Diuretics can disrupt electrolyte balance, particularly potassium and sodium levels. Individuals with known electrolyte imbalances should be monitored closely while using diuretics.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Gout"",""Reason"": ""Some diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide, can increase uric acid levels and potentially trigger gout attacks in individuals with a history of gout.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Pregnancy"",""Reason"": ""Diuretics are generally not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus. The use of diuretics should be discussed with a healthcare provider for pregnant individuals with hypertension.""}], ""Beta Blockers"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Heart block or bradycardia"",""Reason"": ""Beta blockers can further slow down the heart rate and may be contraindicated in individuals with pre-existing heart block or bradycardia.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)"",""Reason"": ""Beta blockers can worsen bronchospasm and breathing difficulties in individuals with asthma or COPD. They should be used with caution or avoided in these populations.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Severe peripheral artery disease"",""Reason"": ""Beta blockers can worsen symptoms and decrease blood flow in individuals with severe peripheral artery disease. Careful monitoring and alternative treatments may be considered in these cases.""}], ""Calcium Channel Blockers"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Heart block or bradycardia"",""Reason"": ""Calcium channel blockers can further slow down the heart rate and may be contraindicated in individuals with pre-existing heart block or bradycardia.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction"",""Reason"": ""Some calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil and diltiazem, may worsen heart failure symptoms and should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Severe liver impairment"",""Reason"": ""Calcium channel blockers are primarily metabolized by the liver, and their use should be closely monitored in individuals with severe liver impairment.""}], ""Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Angioedema"",""Reason"": ""ACE inhibitors can rarely cause angioedema, a severe swelling of the face, lips, throat, or tongue. Individuals with a history of angioedema should avoid ACE inhibitors.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Pregnancy"",""Reason"": ""ACE inhibitors are contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus. Alternative medications should be considered for pregnant individuals with hypertension.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Renal artery stenosis"",""Reason"": ""ACE inhibitors can decrease blood flow to the kidneys and may worsen renal artery stenosis. They should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with this condition.""}]}"
17,Hypotension,"['Dizziness', 'Lightheadedness', 'Fainting', 'Blurred vision', 'Nausea', 'Fatigue', 'Depression', 'Thirst', 'Pale skin', 'Rapid heartbeat', 'Shallow breathing', 'Cold, clammy skin']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20355465', 'https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/understanding-low-blood-pressure-symptoms']","['dehydration', 'blurred vision', 'Nausea', 'thirst', 'chest pain', 'depression', 'Dizziness or lightheadedness', 'dizziness', 'rapid, weak pulse', 'fatigue', 'lack of concentration', 'fainting', 'Fatigue', 'lightheadedness', 'Blurred or fading vision', 'cold, clammy, pale skin', 'Trouble concentrating', 'Fainting', 'low blood pressure when standing up', 'nausea', 'rapid or shallow breathing']",1,0.25,"['Blood pressure measurement', 'Electrocardiogram (ECG)', 'Echocardiogram', 'Stress test', 'Holter monitor', 'Blood tests (complete blood count, electrolyte levels, kidney and liver function tests)']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355470', 'https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/low-blood-pressure-diagnosis-treatment#1', 'https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-blood-pressure-hypotension/diagnosis/']","['blood pressure reading', 'blood pressure tool', 'blood pressure monitor', 'Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)', 'blood pressure checked', 'Blood tests', 'Tilt table test']",2,0.0,"{'Alpha-1 blockers': ['Doxazosin', 'Prazosin', 'Terazosin'], 'Beta blockers': ['Metoprolol', 'Atenolol', 'Propranolol', 'Carvedilol'], 'Calcium channel blockers': ['Amlodipine', 'Diltiazem', 'Verapamil', 'Nifedipine'], 'ACE inhibitors': ['Lisinopril', 'Enalapril', 'Ramipril', 'Captopril'], 'ARBs': ['Losartan', 'Valsartan', 'Irbesartan', 'Olmesartan']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Increase fluid intake', 'Add more salt to your diet', 'Wear compression stockings', 'Avoid standing up too quickly', 'Avoid hot showers or baths', 'Eat smaller, more frequent meals', 'Avoid alcohol and caffeine', 'Exercise regularly', 'Avoid prolonged sitting or standing', 'Elevate your legs when sitting or lying down', 'Avoid straining during bowel movements', 'Avoid heavy lifting', 'Take medications as prescribed by your healthcare provider', 'Avoid overheating', 'Avoid sudden changes in body position', 'Stay hydrated', 'Eat a balanced diet', 'Get enough sleep', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid medications that can lower blood pressure', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355470', 'https://www.webmd.com/heart/understanding-low-blood-pressure-treatment#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/low-blood-pressure-treatment#treatment']","{""Alpha-1 blockers"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Bradycardia"", ""Reason"": ""Alpha-1 blockers can lower heart rate, therefore they should be used with caution in individuals with bradycardia and hypotension.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Orthostatic hypotension"", ""Reason"": ""Alpha-1 blockers can further lower blood pressure, which may exacerbate symptoms of orthostatic hypotension.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction"", ""Reason"": ""Alpha-1 blockers can worsen heart failure symptoms in individuals with reduced ejection fraction.""}], ""Beta blockers"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Severe hypotension"", ""Reason"": ""Beta blockers can further lower blood pressure, which may result in severe hypotension.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Bradycardia"", ""Reason"": ""Beta blockers can lower heart rate, therefore they should be used with caution in individuals with bradycardia and hypotension.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Heart block"", ""Reason"": ""Beta blockers can worsen heart block and lead to further cardiovascular complications.""}], ""Calcium channel blockers"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypotension"", ""Reason"": ""Calcium channel blockers can lower blood pressure, therefore they should be used with caution in individuals with hypotension.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Bradyarrhythmias"", ""Reason"": ""Calcium channel blockers can slow heart rate, therefore they should be used with caution in individuals with bradyarrhythmias and hypotension.""}], ""ACE inhibitors"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypotension"", ""Reason"": ""ACE inhibitors can lower blood pressure, therefore they should be used with caution in individuals with hypotension.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Renal artery stenosis"", ""Reason"": ""ACE inhibitors can further decrease blood flow to the kidneys in individuals with renal artery stenosis, resulting in renal impairment and worsening hypotension.""}], ""ARBs"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypotension"", ""Reason"": ""ARBs can lower blood pressure, therefore they should be used with caution in individuals with hypotension.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Renal artery stenosis"", ""Reason"": ""ARBs can further decrease blood flow to the kidneys in individuals with renal artery stenosis, resulting in renal impairment and worsening hypotension.""}]}"
18,Migraine,"['Headache', 'Throbbing or pulsating pain', 'Sensitivity to light', 'Sensitivity to sound', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Blurred vision', 'Lightheadedness', 'Dizziness', 'Fatigue', 'Difficulty concentrating', 'Mood changes', 'Neck pain', 'Stiffness in the shoulders or neck']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/symptoms-causes/syc-20360201', 'https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/migraine-symptoms']","['Constipation', 'Nausea', 'Neck stiffness', 'Sensitivity to sound', 'Headache', 'Sensitivity to light and sound', 'Nausea and vomiting', 'Food cravings', 'Weakness or numbness in the face or one side of the body', 'Pain on one side of the head', 'Aura', 'Vomiting', 'Increased urination', 'Frequent yawning', 'Pins and needles sensations in an arm or leg', 'Visual disturbances', 'Intense throbbing head pain', 'Difficulty speaking', 'Sensitivity to light', 'Drained, confused, or washed out feeling after a migraine attack', 'Throbbing pain', 'Mood changes', 'Pulsing pain']",1,0.4285714285714285,"['Physical examination', 'Neurological examination', 'Blood tests', 'MRI or CT scan', 'Electroencephalogram (EEG)', 'Lumbar puncture']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360207', 'https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/guide/migraine-tests#1']",[],0,0.0,"{'Triptans': ['Sumatriptan', 'Rizatriptan', 'Eletriptan', 'Zolmitriptan', 'Naratriptan'], 'Ergotamines': ['Dihydroergotamine', 'Ergotamine'], 'Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)': ['Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Aspirin'], 'Anti-Nausea Medications': ['Metoclopramide', 'Prochlorperazine', 'Ondansetron']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Identify and avoid triggers such as certain foods, stress, lack of sleep, and hormonal changes', 'Establish a regular sleep schedule and get enough sleep', 'Manage stress through relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, or yoga', 'Exercise regularly to improve overall health and reduce the frequency and severity of migraines', 'Maintain a healthy diet and stay hydrated', 'Consider keeping a migraine diary to track patterns and identify triggers', 'Take prescribed medications as directed by your healthcare provider', 'Use over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, as recommended by your healthcare provider', 'Apply a cold or warm compress to the head or neck during a migraine attack', 'Practice good posture and avoid activities that strain the neck and shoulders', 'Consider alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or biofeedback, under the guidance of a healthcare professional']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360207', 'https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/guide/migraines-headaches-treatment-care']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-Nausea Medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
19,Normal Gastric Acidity,"['Regular bowel movements', 'No abdominal pain', 'No nausea', 'No vomiting', 'No heartburn', 'No indigestion', 'Normal appetite', 'No bloating', 'No belching', 'No acid reflux', 'No difficulty swallowing', 'No chest pain', 'No sour taste in mouth', 'No bad breath', 'No fatigue', 'No weight loss', 'No anemia', 'No dehydration', 'Normal blood pressure', 'Normal heartbeat', 'No shortness of breath', 'Normal skin color', 'No dizziness', 'No fainting']",[],[],0,0.0,"['Upper endoscopy', 'Esophageal pH monitoring', 'Gastric acid secretion test', 'Serum gastrin level test', 'Barium swallow test', 'Gastric emptying study']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/upper-endoscopy/about/pac-20384941', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ph-monitoring/about/pac-20393821', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastric-acid-secretion-test/about/pac-20393823', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastrin-test/about/pac-20385010', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/barium-swallow/about/pac-20385029', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastric-emptying-scan/about/pac-20384940']",[],0,0.0,"{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': ['Omeprazole', 'Lansoprazole', 'Esomeprazole', 'Pantoprazole', 'Rabeprazole'], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': ['Cimetidine', 'Ranitidine', 'Famotidine', 'Nizatidine'], 'Antacids': ['Aluminum hydroxide', 'Magnesium hydroxide', 'Calcium carbonate', 'Sodium bicarbonate'], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': ['Misoprostol']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4928738/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4928739/']",[],0,0.0,"['Eat a balanced diet', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Stay hydrated', 'Exercise regularly', 'Avoid excessive alcohol consumption', 'Avoid smoking', 'Manage stress levels', 'Get enough sleep', 'Practice good hygiene', 'Follow a regular eating schedule', 'Chew food thoroughly before swallowing', 'Avoid overeating', 'Limit caffeine intake', 'Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Avoid tight-fitting clothing', 'Avoid eating before bedtime', 'Avoid lying down immediately after eating', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider for check-ups']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acid-reflux/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361940', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/acid-reflux-diet#foods-to-eat', 'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315588', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/lifestyle-changes-heartburn']","{""Proton Pump Inhibitors"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypersensitivity or Allergies"", ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to proton pump inhibitors should avoid their use.""}], ""H2 Receptor Antagonists"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypersensitivity or Allergies"", ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to H2 receptor antagonists should avoid their use.""}], ""Antacids"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypersensitivity or Allergies"", ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antacids should avoid their use.""},{""Contraindication"": ""Kidney impairment"", ""Reason"": ""Antacids can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.""}], ""Prostaglandin Analogues"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Pregnancy"", ""Reason"": ""Prostaglandin analogues are generally contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus.""}]}"
20,Osteoarthritis,"['Joint pain', 'Stiffness', 'Swelling', 'Tenderness', 'Limited range of motion', 'Cracking or popping sound', 'Bone spurs', 'Muscle weakness', 'Joint instability']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351925', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/osteoarthritis/symptoms']","['Grating sensation', 'Pain', 'Swelling', 'Bone spurs', 'Tenderness', 'Loss of flexibility', 'Stiffness']",1,0.4444444444444444,"['X-rays', 'MRI', 'CT scan', 'Joint fluid analysis', 'Blood tests']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351930', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/osteoarthritis/diagnosis', 'https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/osteoarthritis/diagnosis/']","['Joint fluid analysis', 'Blood tests', 'Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)', 'X-rays']",1,0.6,"{'Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)': ['Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Diclofenac', 'Celecoxib', 'Meloxicam'], 'Acetaminophen': ['Tylenol', 'Paracetamol'], 'Topical Analgesics': ['Capsaicin', 'Methyl salicylate', 'Menthol'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Dexamethasone'], 'Hyaluronic Acid Injections': ['Hyalgan', 'Synvisc', 'Euflexxa']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351930', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/osteoarthritis/treatment', 'https://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/guide/osteoarthritis-treatment-overview']","['Acetaminophen', 'Duloxetine', 'Biologic response modifiers', 'Stem cell therapy', 'Joint replacement surgery', 'Topical creams and ointments', 'Corticosteroids', 'Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)', 'Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Hyaluronic acid injections', 'Opioids', 'Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)']",1,0.4,"['Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on joints', 'Exercise regularly to strengthen muscles and improve joint flexibility', 'Avoid activities that put excessive strain on joints', 'Use assistive devices, such as braces or canes, to support joints', 'Apply heat or cold therapy to reduce pain and inflammation', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as directed', 'Consider physical therapy to learn exercises and techniques to manage symptoms', 'Try alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or massage, under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins', 'Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water', 'Get enough rest and sleep to allow your body to heal and recover', 'Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351930', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/osteoarthritis/treatment']","{
  ""Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding"",
      ""Reason"": ""NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Renal impairment"",
      ""Reason"": ""NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Cardiovascular disease"",
      ""Reason"": ""NSAIDs may increase the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke, especially in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease.""
    }
  ],
  ""Acetaminophen"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to acetaminophen should avoid using this medication.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Liver disease"",
      ""Reason"": ""Acetaminophen can cause liver damage, and individuals with liver disease should use it with caution or under medical supervision.""
    }
  ],
  ""Topical Analgesics"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to topical analgesics should avoid using these medications.""
    }
  ],
  ""Corticosteroids"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Systemic fungal infections"",
      ""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to fungal infections. They should be avoided in the presence of systemic fungal infections.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Live vaccines"",
      ""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can reduce the effectiveness of live vaccines. It is advisable to avoid live vaccines while using corticosteroids.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Severe infections"",
      ""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can mask or exacerbate the symptoms of severe infections. They should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with severe infections.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Peptic ulcer disease"",
      ""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can increase the risk of peptic ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Individuals with a history of peptic ulcer disease should use corticosteroids with caution.""
    }
  ],
  ""Hyaluronic Acid Injections"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to hyaluronic acid should avoid using these injections.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Skin infections at the injection site"",
      ""Reason"": ""Hyaluronic acid injections should not be administered if there are skin infections at the injection site.""
    }
  ]
}"
21,Otitis Media,"['Ear pain', 'Earache', 'Fever', 'Fluid drainage from the ear', 'Hearing loss', 'Feeling of fullness in the ear', 'Trouble sleeping', 'Irritability', 'Loss of balance', 'Headache']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-otitis-media/symptoms-causes/syc-20351602', 'https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/ear-infection/understanding-otitis-media-symptoms']","['Balance problems', 'Fever', 'Irritability', 'Loss of appetite', 'Headache', 'Trouble hearing', 'Ear pain', 'Fluid drainage from the ear', 'Trouble sleeping']",0,0.6,"['Physical examination of the ear', 'Tympanometry', 'Otoscopy', 'Audiometry', 'Tympanocentesis']","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115842/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115842/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115842/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115842/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115842/']",[],0,0.0,"{'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Augmentin', 'Azithromycin', 'Cefdinir', 'Cefuroxime', 'Cefpodoxime', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Clarithromycin', 'Clindamycin', 'Levofloxacin', 'Moxifloxacin', 'Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole'], 'Pain relievers': ['Acetaminophen', 'Ibuprofen'], 'Decongestants': ['Pseudoephedrine', 'Phenylephrine'], 'Antihistamines': ['Diphenhydramine', 'Loratadine', 'Cetirizine', 'Fexofenadine']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Apply a warm compress to the affected ear', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, as directed', 'Use over-the-counter ear drops to relieve pain and reduce inflammation, as directed', 'Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritants', 'Avoid swimming or diving until the infection has cleared', 'Avoid inserting objects into the ear, including cotton swabs', 'Keep the ears clean and dry', 'Follow up with a healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment if symptoms worsen or do not improve within a few days']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-otitis-media/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351648', 'https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/ear-infection.html']","{'Antibiotics': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergy to antibiotics', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies to antibiotics should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Severe liver disease', 'Reason': 'Certain antibiotics can affect liver function, and individuals with severe liver disease should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'Certain antibiotics can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Pain relievers': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to pain relievers should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Allergy to NSAIDs', 'Reason': 'Individuals with a known allergy to NSAIDs, including Ibuprofen, should avoid using these medications.'}], 'Decongestants': ([{'Contraindication': 'Uncontrolled high blood pressure', 'Reason': 'Decongestants can increase blood pressure and may be contraindicated in individuals with uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Coronary artery disease', 'Reason': 'Decongestants can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with coronary artery disease.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Thyroid disease', 'Reason': 'Decongestants can affect thyroid function and should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with thyroid disease.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Decongestants can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypertension', 'Reason': 'Individuals with uncontrolled high blood pressure should use decongestants cautiously or under medical supervision, as they can potentially increase blood pressure.'}],), 'Antihistamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Narrow-angle glaucoma', 'Reason': 'Certain antihistamines can increase intraocular pressure and may be contraindicated in individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Urinary retention', 'Reason': 'Certain antihistamines can cause urinary retention and may be contraindicated in individuals with urinary retention.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Prostate enlargement', 'Reason': 'Certain antihistamines can worsen symptoms of prostate enlargement and should be used with caution in individuals with this condition.'}]}"
22,Pharyngitis,"['Sore throat', 'Difficulty swallowing', 'Red and swollen tonsils', 'White or yellow patches on the tonsils', 'Swollen lymph nodes in the neck', 'Fever', 'Headache', 'Body aches', 'Fatigue', 'Cough', 'Runny nose', 'Sneezing']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pharyngitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353329', 'https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/what-is-pharyngitis#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/pharyngitis']","['scratchiness in the throat', 'fever', 'general malaise', 'hoarseness', 'muscle aches', 'headache', 'cough', 'severe fatigue', 'sneezing', 'loss of appetite', 'sore throat', 'fatigue', 'difficulty swallowing', 'swollen lymph nodes', 'chills', 'body aches', 'nausea', 'runny nose', 'unusual taste in the mouth']",1,0.0,"['Throat culture', 'Rapid strep test', 'Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Monospot test', 'Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer', 'Antibody tests for specific viruses (e.g., Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus)']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pharyngitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378841', 'https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/pharyngitis-diagnosis-tests']",[],0,0.0,"{'Antibiotics': ['Penicillin', 'Amoxicillin', 'Azithromycin', 'Clarithromycin', 'Cefuroxime', 'Cefpodoxime', 'Cefdinir', 'Cefixime', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Clindamycin', 'Doxycycline', 'Erythromycin', 'Levofloxacin', 'Moxifloxacin', 'Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole'], 'Analgesics': ['Acetaminophen', 'Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Aspirin'], 'Throat Lozenges': ['Benzocaine', 'Dyclonine', 'Menthol', 'Phenol', 'Pectin'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Methylprednisolone']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Rest and get plenty of sleep', 'Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated', 'Gargle with warm saltwater', 'Use a humidifier or take steamy showers to soothe the throat', 'Avoid irritants such as smoke, pollution, and strong chemicals', 'Avoid talking or singing loudly', 'Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to reduce pain and fever', 'Use throat lozenges or sprays to soothe the throat', 'Avoid close contact with others to prevent spreading the infection', 'Practice good hand hygiene by washing your hands frequently', 'Complete the full course of prescribed antibiotics if the pharyngitis is bacterial', 'Avoid sharing utensils, cups, or other personal items', 'Avoid alcohol and smoking as they can irritate the throat', 'Avoid strenuous activities that can strain the throat', 'Avoid cold foods and drinks', 'Avoid excessive throat clearing or coughing', 'Avoid excessive use of your voice', 'Avoid dry environments', 'Avoid allergens if allergic pharyngitis is suspected', 'Follow up with your healthcare provider if symptoms worsen or persist']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pharyngitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378841', 'https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/qa/what-are-the-treatments-for-pharyngitis']","{""Antibiotics"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Allergy to penicillin or cephalosporins"", ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies to penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics should avoid using these medications.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Liver disease"", ""Reason"": ""Some antibiotics, such as erythromycin and clarithromycin, can affect liver function and should be used with caution or under medical supervision in individuals with liver disease.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Kidney disease"", ""Reason"": ""Certain antibiotics, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, can be nephrotoxic and should be used cautiously or under medical supervision in individuals with kidney disease.""}], ""Analgesics"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Allergy or hypersensitivity"", ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to analgesics such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin should avoid their use.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Gastric ulcers or bleeding"", ""Reason"": ""Aspirin and certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can increase the risk of gastric ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use these medications with caution or consider alternative treatments.""}], ""Throat Lozenges"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Allergy or hypersensitivity"", ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to throat lozenges, including benzocaine, dyclonine, menthol, phenol, or pectin, should avoid their use.""}], ""Corticosteroids"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Fungal infections"", ""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system and increase the risk of fungal infections. These medications should be used with caution or under medical supervision in individuals with fungal infections.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Systemic infections"", ""Reason"": ""Systemic corticosteroids should be used with caution or under medical supervision in individuals with systemic infections, as they can mask or exacerbate certain infections.""}]}"
23,Puo - Pyrexia Of Unknown Origin,"['Fever', 'Sweating', 'Chills', 'Fatigue', 'Weight loss', 'Joint pain', 'Muscle aches', 'Headache', 'Sore throat', 'Cough', 'Shortness of breath', 'Abdominal pain', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Diarrhea', 'Rash', 'Swollen lymph nodes', 'Enlarged spleen', 'Enlarged liver', 'Night sweats']",[],[],0,0.0,"['Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Blood cultures', 'Urinalysis', 'Chest X-ray', 'Computed tomography (CT) scan', 'Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)', 'Bone marrow biopsy', 'Lumbar puncture', 'Serology tests', 'Autoimmune panel', 'HIV test', 'Tuberculosis (TB) test', 'Hepatitis panel', 'Rheumatoid factor test', 'Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test', 'Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)', 'C-reactive protein (CRP)']","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/']",[],0,0.0,"{'Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)': ['Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Diclofenac', 'Indomethacin', 'Meloxicam'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Prednisolone', 'Hydrocortisone'], 'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Azithromycin', 'Doxycycline', 'Clarithromycin'], 'Antiviral Drugs': ['Acyclovir', 'Oseltamivir', 'Valacyclovir', 'Famciclovir', 'Ganciclovir']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Keep a record of your temperature and any other symptoms', 'Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids', 'Get plenty of rest and avoid overexertion', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to reduce fever and discomfort', 'Avoid contact with others to prevent the spread of infection', 'If your symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention', 'Follow any prescribed treatment plan provided by your healthcare provider', 'Maintain good hygiene practices, such as washing your hands regularly', 'Eat a healthy and balanced diet to support your immune system', 'Consider alternative therapies, such as herbal remedies or supplements, under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Stay informed about any outbreaks or infectious diseases in your area', 'Keep your living environment clean and free of potential sources of infection', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor your condition and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/pyrexia-of-unknown-origin/basics/definition/sym-20050684', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/']","{
  ""Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding"",
      ""Reason"": ""NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Renal impairment"",
      ""Reason"": ""NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.""
    }
  ],
  ""Corticosteroids"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Systemic fungal infection"",
      ""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of systemic fungal infections.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Live vaccines"",
      ""Reason"": ""The use of corticosteroids may interfere with the effectiveness of live vaccines. It is recommended to complete any necessary vaccinations before starting corticosteroid therapy.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Peptic ulcer disease"",
      ""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can increase the risk of peptic ulcer disease, especially in individuals with a history of ulcers. Caution should be taken and alternative treatments considered.""
    }
  ],
  ""Antibiotics"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antibiotics should avoid using these medications.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Liver impairment"",
      ""Reason"": ""Certain antibiotics may require dose adjustments or should be avoided altogether in individuals with liver impairment. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before taking antibiotics.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Pregnancy"",
      ""Reason"": ""Some antibiotics may pose risks to the developing fetus and should be avoided during pregnancy. It is crucial to discuss pregnancy concerns with a healthcare professional.""
    }
  ],
  ""Antiviral Drugs"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antiviral drugs should avoid using these medications.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Renal impairment"",
      ""Reason"": ""Some antiviral drugs may require dose adjustments or should be used with caution in individuals with renal impairment. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before taking antiviral drugs.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Hepatic impairment"",
      ""Reason"": ""Certain antiviral drugs may require dose adjustments or should be avoided altogether in individuals with hepatic impairment. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before taking antiviral drugs.""
    }
  ]
}"
24,Respiratory Infection,"['Cough', 'Sore throat', 'Nasal congestion', 'Runny nose', 'Sneezing', 'Fever', 'Headache', 'Fatigue', 'Muscle aches', 'Shortness of breath', 'Chest pain', 'Wheezing', 'Difficulty breathing']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/respiratory-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20352461', 'https://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-respiratory-infections-symptoms', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/respiratory-infection']",[],0,0.0,"['Chest X-ray', 'Sputum culture and sensitivity', 'Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Pulse oximetry', 'Arterial blood gas (ABG) test', 'Bronchoscopy']","['https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=chestrad', 'https://www.labtestsonline.org/tests/sputum-culture', 'https://labtestsonline.org/tests/complete-blood-count-cbc', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pulse-oximetry/about/pac-20394241', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/arterial-blood-gas/about/pac-20384927', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bronchoscopy/about/pac-20385056']",['Chest X-ray'],1,0.1666666666666666,"{'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Azithromycin', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Clarithromycin', 'Doxycycline'], 'Antivirals': ['Oseltamivir', 'Zanamivir', 'Peramivir', 'Baloxavir marboxil'], 'Antifungals': ['Fluconazole', 'Itraconazole', 'Voriconazole', 'Amphotericin B'], 'Bronchodilators': ['Albuterol', 'Salmeterol', 'Formoterol', 'Tiotropium']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537308/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537309/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537310/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537311/']",[],0,0.0,"['Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds', 'Avoid close contact with people who are sick', 'Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing', 'Dispose of used tissues properly', 'Clean and disinfect frequently-touched objects and surfaces', 'Stay home if you are feeling unwell', 'Wear a mask in public settings where social distancing measures are difficult to maintain', 'Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth', 'Get plenty of rest and sleep', 'Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids', 'Eat a healthy diet to support your immune system', 'Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke', 'Manage stress levels through relaxation techniques and self-care', 'Follow any prescribed medications or treatments as directed by your healthcare provider', 'Stay updated on vaccinations, including the flu vaccine', 'Avoid travel to areas with high rates of respiratory infections', 'Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or persist']","['https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html', 'https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public']","{
   ""Antibiotics"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Allergy to antibiotics"",
         ""Reason"":""Individuals with a known allergy to antibiotics, including penicillin, should avoid using these medications.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Liver disease"",
         ""Reason"":""Certain antibiotics can affect liver function, and individuals with liver disease should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Renal impairment"",
         ""Reason"":""Some antibiotics can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.""
      }
   ],
   ""Antivirals"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Allergy to antivirals"",
         ""Reason"":""Individuals with a known allergy to antiviral medications, including oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and baloxavir marboxil, should avoid using these medications.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Renal impairment"",
         ""Reason"":""Certain antivirals can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.""
      }
   ],
   ""Antifungals"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Allergy to antifungals"",
         ""Reason"":""Individuals with a known allergy to antifungal medications, including fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B, should avoid using these medications.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Pregnancy"",
         ""Reason"":""Some antifungals are contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus.""
      }
   ],
   ""Bronchodilators"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Allergy to bronchodilators"",
         ""Reason"":""Individuals with a known allergy to bronchodilator medications, including albuterol, salmeterol, formoterol, and tiotropium, should avoid using these medications.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Cardiovascular disease"",
         ""Reason"":""Bronchodilators can cause cardiovascular side effects and should be used with caution in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Uncontrolled hypertension"",
         ""Reason"":""Bronchodilators can increase blood pressure and should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with uncontrolled hypertension.""
      }
   ]
}"
25,RhinitisTonsillitis,"['Sore throat', 'Difficulty swallowing', 'Swollen tonsils', 'Red and swollen throat', 'White or yellow coating on tonsils', 'Fever', 'Headache', 'Earache', 'Bad breath', 'Nasal congestion', 'Runny nose', 'Sneezing', 'Coughing', 'Hoarseness', 'Fatigue']",[],[],0,0.0,"['Throat culture', 'Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Allergy testing', 'Nasal endoscopy', 'Sinus X-rays', 'Throat swab culture']",[],[],0,0.0,"{'Antihistamines': ['Cetirizine', 'Loratadine', 'Fexofenadine', 'Desloratadine'], 'Decongestants': ['Pseudoephedrine', 'Phenylephrine', 'Oxymetazoline', 'Xylometazoline'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Fluticasone', 'Budesonide', 'Mometasone', 'Triamcinolone'], 'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Azithromycin', 'Penicillin', 'Cephalexin']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Practice good hand hygiene to prevent the spread of infection', 'Avoid close contact with individuals who have respiratory infections', 'Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing', 'Avoid touching your face, especially your nose and mouth', 'Avoid exposure to allergens that may trigger symptoms', 'Use a humidifier or saline nasal spray to moisturize the nasal passages', 'Gargle with warm salt water to soothe a sore throat', 'Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated', 'Get plenty of rest to support your immune system', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to reduce pain and fever', 'Use over-the-counter throat lozenges or sprays to relieve throat discomfort', 'Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke', 'Avoid irritants, such as strong odors or chemicals, that may worsen symptoms', 'Consider using a nasal rinse or irrigation system to clear nasal passages', 'Follow up with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsillitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378488', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsillitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378479', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsillitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378479']","{
   ""Antihistamines"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Narrow-angle glaucoma"",
         ""Reason"":""Antihistamines can cause increased intraocular pressure and should be used with caution in individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Urinary retention"",
         ""Reason"":""Antihistamines can cause urinary retention and should be used with caution in individuals with this condition.""
      }
   ],
   ""Decongestants"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Severe hypertension"",
         ""Reason"":""Decongestants can increase blood pressure and should be avoided in individuals with severe hypertension.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""History of stroke or heart disease"",
         ""Reason"":""Decongestants can stimulate the cardiovascular system and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of stroke or heart disease.""
      }
   ],
   ""Corticosteroids"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Fungal infections of the nose or throat"",
         ""Reason"":""Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system and may worsen fungal infections in the nose or throat.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Untreated bacterial, viral, or systemic fungal infections"",
         ""Reason"":""Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system, making it difficult to fight off infections. They should not be used in individuals with untreated bacterial, viral, or systemic fungal infections.""
      }
   ],
   ""Antibiotics"":[
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""History of severe allergic reactions to antibiotics"",
         ""Reason"":""Individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions to antibiotics should avoid their use.""
      },
      {
         ""Contraindication"":""Antibiotic resistance"",
         ""Reason"":""Antibiotics should only be used when necessary to avoid the development of antibiotic resistance.""
      }
   ]
}"
26,Urinary Tract Infection,"['Frequent urination', 'Burning sensation during urination', 'Cloudy or bloody urine', 'Strong and persistent urge to urinate', 'Passing small amounts of urine', 'Pelvic pain', 'Rectal pain (in men)', 'Strong-smelling urine', 'Fatigue', 'Fever or chills', 'Painful sexual intercourse']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20353447', 'https://www.webmd.com/women/guide/your-guide-urinary-tract-infections#1']","['A burning feeling when urinating', 'A frequent urge to urinate', 'Feeling tired or shaky', 'Fever or chills (a sign the infection may have reached your kidneys)', 'Pelvic pain in women', 'Rectal pain in men', 'Passing small amounts of urine', 'Pain or a burning sensation during urination', 'Urine that looks cloudy', 'Strong-smelling urine', 'Urinating often, and passing small amounts of urine', 'Cloudy urine', ""A strong urge to urinate that doesn't go away"", 'Urine that appears red, bright pink or cola-colored — signs of blood in the urine', 'Pelvic pain, in women — especially in the center of the pelvis and around the area of the pubic bone']",1,0.1818181818181818,"['Urinalysis', 'Urine culture', 'Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Kidney function tests', 'Imaging tests (such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI)', 'Cystoscopy']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353453', 'https://www.webmd.com/women/guide/your-guide-urinary-tract-infections#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/urinary-tract-infection-adults#diagnosis']","['Female cystoscopy', 'Growing urinary tract bacteria in a lab', 'complete blood count (CBC)', 'Using a scope to see inside the bladder', 'Creating images of the urinary tract', 'Male cystoscopy', 'urine culture', 'Analyzing a urine sample']",2,0.0,"{'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole', 'Nitrofurantoin', 'Ceftriaxone'], 'Analgesics': ['Ibuprofen', 'Acetaminophen'], 'Urinary Tract Analgesics': ['Phenazopyridine', 'Methenamine'], 'Antispasmodics': ['Oxybutynin', 'Tolterodine']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353453', 'https://www.webmd.com/women/guide/your-guide-urinary-tract-infections#1']",['Antibiotics'],1,0.25,"['Drink plenty of water to flush out bacteria', 'Urinate frequently and completely', 'Wipe from front to back after using the toilet', 'Avoid using irritating feminine products', 'Empty your bladder before and after sexual activity', 'Avoid holding in urine for long periods of time', 'Wear breathable cotton underwear', 'Avoid tight-fitting pants and jeans', 'Take showers instead of baths', 'Avoid using hot tubs or whirlpools', 'Avoid using spermicides or diaphragms for birth control', 'Consider cranberry products or supplements', 'Take prescribed antibiotics as directed', 'Avoid caffeine and alcohol', 'Apply a heating pad to the lower abdomen to relieve pain', 'Get plenty of rest', 'Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Avoid smoking', 'Manage stress levels', 'Follow up with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353453', 'https://www.webmd.com/women/guide/your-guide-urinary-tract-infections#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/urinary-tract-infection-adults#prevention']","{
  ""Antibiotics"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antibiotics should avoid using these medications.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Severe renal impairment"",
      ""Reason"": ""Certain antibiotics, such as Ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, may require dose adjustment or should be avoided in individuals with severe renal impairment.""
    }
  ],
  ""Analgesics"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to analgesics should avoid using these medications.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Severe liver impairment"",
      ""Reason"": ""Acetaminophen should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with severe liver impairment.""
    }
  ],
  ""Urinary Tract Analgesics"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to urinary tract analgesics should avoid using these medications.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Renal impairment"",
      ""Reason"": ""Urinary tract analgesics should be used with caution or under medical supervision in individuals with significant renal impairment.""
    }
  ],
  ""Antispasmodics"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Narrow-angle glaucoma"",
      ""Reason"": ""Antispasmodics like Oxybutynin and Tolterodine should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Gastrointestinal obstruction or ileus"",
      ""Reason"": ""Antispasmodics can worsen gastrointestinal obstruction or ileus and should be used cautiously or avoided in individuals with these conditions.""
    }
  ]
}"
27,Urticaria,"['Itchy, raised welts on the skin', 'Red or white blotches on the skin', 'Swelling of the skin', 'Burning or stinging sensation', 'Hives', 'Angioedema', 'Itching or tingling sensation', 'Skin rash']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urticaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20354956', 'https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/hives-urticaria-angioedema#1']","['Itchy, raised welts', 'Redness', 'Swelling', 'Pain or tenderness', 'Burning or stinging']",0,0.0,"['Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Allergy testing', 'Skin prick test', 'Patch test', 'Blood tests for specific antibodies', 'Thyroid function tests', 'Liver function tests', 'Kidney function tests', 'Autoimmune tests']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352792', 'https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/urticaria-overview/diagnosis-and-treatment/tests', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279459/']",[],2,0.0,"{'Antihistamines': ['Cetirizine', 'Loratadine', 'Fexofenadine', 'Desloratadine', 'Levocetirizine'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Prednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Hydrocortisone'], 'Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists': ['Montelukast', 'Zafirlukast'], 'Immunosuppressants': ['Cyclosporine', 'Mycophenolate mofetil', 'Azathioprine', 'Tacrolimus']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667283/', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352792', 'https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/urticaria-treatment']",[],1,0.0,"['Avoid known triggers, such as certain foods, medications, or environmental factors', 'Take antihistamines as prescribed', 'Apply cold compresses or take cool showers to relieve itching', 'Avoid scratching or rubbing the affected areas', 'Wear loose, breathable clothing', 'Avoid extreme temperatures and excessive sweating', 'Use fragrance-free and gentle skincare products', 'Keep a diary to identify triggers and avoid them in the future', 'Manage stress levels through relaxation techniques or therapy', 'Consider allergy testing to identify specific triggers', 'Discuss with your healthcare provider about other treatment options, such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, if symptoms are severe or persistent']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352792', 'https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/urticaria-treatment']","{""Antihistamines"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Severe liver disease"", ""Reason"": ""Some antihistamines may be metabolized by the liver, and individuals with severe liver disease may be at risk of drug accumulation or toxic effects.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Narrow-angle glaucoma"", ""Reason"": ""Certain antihistamines can cause pupil dilation and may worsen symptoms in individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Urinary retention"", ""Reason"": ""Antihistamines may cause urinary retention, and individuals with pre-existing urinary retention should use them with caution or under medical supervision.""}], ""Corticosteroids"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Active infections"", ""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system and may increase the risk of developing or worsening infections.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Systemic fungal infections"", ""Reason"": ""Systemic corticosteroids can worsen systemic fungal infections and should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with such infections.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus"", ""Reason"": ""Corticosteroids can increase blood glucose levels, and individuals with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.""}], ""Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Hypersensitivity"", ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to leukotriene receptor antagonists should avoid their use.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Severe liver impairment"", ""Reason"": ""Leukotriene receptor antagonists may be metabolized by the liver, and individuals with severe liver impairment may experience drug accumulation or toxic effects.""}], ""Immunosuppressants"": [{""Contraindication"": ""Active infections"", ""Reason"": ""Immunosuppressants suppress the immune system and may increase the risk of developing or worsening infections.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""History of malignancy"", ""Reason"": ""Some immunosuppressants may increase the risk of malignancy, and individuals with a history of malignancy should use them with caution or under medical supervision.""}, {""Contraindication"": ""Pregnancy"", ""Reason"": ""Immunosuppressants may pose risks to the developing fetus and are generally contraindicated during pregnancy.""}]}"
28,Viral Fever,"['Fever', 'Headache', 'Muscle aches', 'Joint pain', 'Fatigue', 'Weakness', 'Sore throat', 'Cough', 'Runny nose', 'Nasal congestion', 'Sneezing', 'Watery eyes', 'Loss of appetite', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Diarrhea', 'Abdominal pain', 'Rash', 'Chills', 'Sweating', 'Swollen lymph nodes']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719', 'https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/index.html']","['Fever', 'Fatigue (tiredness)', 'Sore throat', 'Fever/feeling feverish or chills', 'Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea', 'Headache', 'Chills and sweats', 'Eye pain', 'Muscle or body aches', 'Dry, persistent cough', 'Shortness of breath', 'Aching muscles', 'Tiredness and weakness', 'Vomiting and diarrhea', 'Cough', 'Runny or stuffy nose', 'Headaches']",2,0.1904761904761904,"['Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Throat swab culture', 'Nasal swab culture', 'Chest X-ray', 'Serology tests', 'Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20476897', 'https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/qa/how-is-viral-fever-diagnosed']",[],0,0.0,"{'Antipyretics': ['Acetaminophen', 'Ibuprofen', 'Aspirin'], 'Antiviral Drugs': ['Oseltamivir', 'Zanamivir', 'Peramivir'], 'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Azithromycin', 'Ciprofloxacin'], 'Fluids and Electrolytes': ['Oral rehydration solution', 'Intravenous fluids']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Get plenty of rest', 'Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to reduce fever and relieve body aches', 'Use a cool compress or take a cool bath to lower body temperature', 'Wear lightweight and breathable clothing', 'Avoid strenuous activities and exercise', 'Eat a balanced diet to support your immune system', 'Avoid close contact with others to prevent spreading the virus', 'Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing', 'Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds', 'Clean and disinfect frequently-touched objects and surfaces', 'Follow up with your healthcare provider if symptoms worsen or persist']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352729', 'https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/qa/how-can-i-treat-a-viral-fever-at-home']","{
  ""Antipyretics"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Severe liver disease"",
      ""Reason"": ""Acetaminophen should be used with caution in individuals with severe liver disease, as it can further damage the liver.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antipyretics should avoid their use.""
    }
  ],
  ""Antiviral Drugs"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Known allergy or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antiviral drugs should avoid their use.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Renal impairment"",
      ""Reason"": ""Antiviral drugs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.""
    }
  ],
  ""Antibiotics"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Allergies or hypersensitivity"",
      ""Reason"": ""Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to antibiotics should avoid their use.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Superinfection"",
      ""Reason"": ""The use of antibiotics can lead to superinfection, where other resistant bacteria may grow and cause additional infections.""
    }
  ],
  ""Fluids and Electrolytes"": [
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Heart failure or severe kidney disease"",
      ""Reason"": ""Fluids and electrolytes should be used with caution in individuals with heart failure or severe kidney disease, as fluid overload can occur.""
    },
    {
      ""Contraindication"": ""Fluid restriction"",
      ""Reason"": ""In some cases, individuals may need fluid restriction, and the administration of fluids and electrolytes should be carefully evaluated.""
    }
  ]
}"