| import numpy as np |
| import pandas as pd |
| import json |
| import os |
|
|
| |
| c = 299792458 |
| E_mc2 = c**2 |
| TSR = E_mc2 / (1.38e-23) |
| alpha = 1.0 |
| Q = 2 ** (1 / 12) |
| dark_energy_density = 5.96e-27 |
| dark_matter_density = 2.25e-27 |
| collision_distance = 1e-10 |
| Hubble_constant = 70.0 |
| Hubble_constant_SI = Hubble_constant * 1000 / 3.086e22 |
|
|
| |
| temperature_initial = 1.0 |
| particle_density_initial = 5.16e96 |
| particle_speed_initial = TSR * temperature_initial |
|
|
| |
| t_planck = 5.39e-44 |
| t_simulation = t_planck * 1e5 |
|
|
| |
| particle_masses = { |
| "up": 2.3e-3, |
| "down": 4.8e-3, |
| "charm": 1.28, |
| "strange": 0.095, |
| "top": 173.0, |
| "bottom": 4.18, |
| "electron": 5.11e-4, |
| "muon": 1.05e-1, |
| "tau": 1.78, |
| "photon": 0, |
| "electron_neutrino": 0, |
| "muon_neutrino": 0, |
| "tau_neutrino": 0, |
| "W_boson": 80.379, |
| "Z_boson": 91.1876, |
| "Higgs_boson": 125.1, |
| "gluon": 0, |
| "proton": 0.938, |
| "neutron": 0.939, |
| "pion_plus": 0.140, |
| "pion_zero": 0.135, |
| "kaon_plus": 0.494, |
| "kaon_zero": 0.498 |
| } |
|
|
| |
| GeV_to_J = 1.60217662e-10 |
|
|
| |
| num_steps = int(t_simulation / t_planck) |
|
|
| |
| tunneling_probabilities = np.arange(0.1, 1.5, 0.1) |
|
|
| |
| data_dir = "big_bang_simulation_data" |
| os.makedirs(data_dir, exist_ok=True) |
|
|
| |
| def relativistic_energy(particle_speed, particle_mass): |
| epsilon = 1e-15 |
| return particle_mass * c**2 / np.sqrt(max(1e-15, 1 - (particle_speed / c) ** 2 + epsilon)) |
|
|
| def relativistic_momentum(particle_speed, particle_mass): |
| epsilon = 1e-15 |
| return particle_mass * particle_speed / np.sqrt(max(1e-15, 1 - (particle_speed / c) ** 2 + epsilon)) |
|
|
| def update_speed(current_speed, current_temperature, particle_mass): |
| """Update the speed of a particle based on temperature and mass.""" |
| return TSR * current_temperature |
|
|
| def check_collision(particle_speeds, collision_distance): |
| epsilon = 1e-15 |
| for j in range(len(particle_speeds)): |
| for k in range(j+1, len(particle_speeds)): |
| if np.abs(particle_speeds[j] - particle_speeds[k]) < collision_distance + epsilon: |
| return True, j, k |
| return False, -1, -1 |
|
|
| def handle_collision(particle_speeds, particle_masses, idx1, idx2, current_step): |
| """Handle a collision between two particles.""" |
| if particle_masses[idx1] == 0 or particle_masses[idx2] == 0: |
| |
| return |
|
|
| p1 = relativistic_momentum(particle_speeds[idx1, current_step], particle_masses[idx1]) |
| p2 = relativistic_momentum(particle_speeds[idx2, current_step], particle_masses[idx2]) |
|
|
| |
| total_momentum = p1 + p2 |
| total_mass = particle_masses[idx1] + particle_masses[idx2] |
| v1_new = (total_momentum / total_mass) * (particle_masses[idx1] / total_mass) |
| v2_new = (total_momentum / total_mass) * (particle_masses[idx2] / total_mass) |
|
|
| particle_speeds[idx1, current_step], particle_speeds[idx2, current_step] = v1_new, v2_new |
|
|
|
|
| |
| for tunneling_probability in tunneling_probabilities: |
| print(f"Simulating for tunneling probability: {tunneling_probability}") |
|
|
| |
| num_particles = len(particle_masses) |
| particle_speeds = np.zeros((num_particles, num_steps)) |
| particle_temperatures = np.zeros((num_particles, num_steps)) |
| particle_masses_evolution = np.zeros((num_particles, num_steps)) |
| tunneling_steps = np.zeros((num_particles, num_steps), dtype=bool) |
| particle_momentum = np.zeros((num_particles, num_steps)) |
| total_energy = np.zeros(num_steps) |
| redshifts = np.zeros((num_particles, num_steps)) |
| entanglement_entropies = np.zeros((num_particles, num_steps)) |
| particle_states = np.random.rand(num_particles, num_steps) |
|
|
| |
| particle_masses_array = np.array([mass * GeV_to_J for mass in particle_masses.values()]) |
|
|
| for j, (particle, mass) in enumerate(particle_masses.items()): |
| particle_speeds[j, 0] = particle_speed_initial |
| particle_masses_evolution[j, 0] = mass * GeV_to_J |
|
|
| for current_step in range(1, num_steps): |
| for j in range(num_particles): |
| |
| particle_temperatures[j, current_step] = particle_temperatures[j, current_step-1] * (1 - Hubble_constant_SI * t_planck) |
|
|
| |
| particle_speeds[j, current_step] = update_speed(particle_speeds[j, current_step-1], particle_temperatures[j, current_step], particle_masses_array[j]) |
|
|
| |
| if np.random.rand() < tunneling_probability: |
| particle_speeds[j, current_step] = particle_speeds[j, 0] |
| tunneling_steps[j, current_step] = True |
|
|
| |
| redshifts[j, current_step] = (1 + particle_speeds[j, current_step] / c) |
|
|
| |
| entanglement_entropies[j, current_step] = -np.sum(particle_states[j, current_step] * np.log(particle_states[j, current_step])) |
|
|
| |
| particle_masses_evolution[j, current_step] = particle_masses_evolution[j, current_step-1] * (1 - dark_energy_density * t_planck) |
|
|
| |
| collision_detected, idx1, idx2 = check_collision(particle_speeds[:, current_step], collision_distance) |
| if collision_detected: |
| handle_collision(particle_speeds, particle_masses_array, idx1, idx2, current_step) |
|
|
| |
| print(f"Calculated masses at the end of the simulation (Tunneling Probability: {tunneling_probability}):") |
| for j, particle in enumerate(particle_masses.keys()): |
| print(f"{particle}: {particle_masses_evolution[j, -1] / GeV_to_J:.4e} GeV") |
|
|
| |
| data_filename = os.path.join(data_dir, f"big_bang_simulation_data_{tunneling_probability:.2f}.json") |
| data = { |
| "tunneling_probability": tunneling_probability, |
| "particle_masses_evolution": particle_masses_evolution.tolist(), |
| "particle_speeds": particle_speeds.tolist(), |
| "particle_temperatures": particle_temperatures.tolist(), |
| "tunneling_steps": tunneling_steps.tolist(), |
| "redshifts": redshifts.tolist(), |
| "entanglement_entropies": entanglement_entropies.tolist() |
| } |
| with open(data_filename, "w") as f: |
| json.dump(data, f) |