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license: apache-2.0
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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tags:
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- moe
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- llm
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- efficient-inference
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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---
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# TC-MoE: Augmenting Mixture of Experts with Ternary Expert Choice
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## Model Description
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TC-MoE is a novel Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture that enhances traditional MoE models through expert space expansion. By applying the ternary set {-1, 0, 1} to each original expert, TC-MoE achieves:
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- **9% reduction** in activated experts compared to Top-K routing
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- **1.1% average performance gain** on language understanding benchmarks
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- Flexible efficiency-effectiveness trade-off via reward mechanism
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Key innovations:
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- 🎯 **Ternary Expert Expansion**: Creates parameter-sharing expert variants (-1, 0, +1) without significant computational overhead
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- ⚖️ **Adaptive Load Balancing**: Novel load balance loss for expert workload distribution
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- 🎮 **Reward-Driven Routing**: Dynamic control of expert activation ratios
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## Model Overview
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- **Architecture**: Decoder-only transformer based on LLaMA
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- **Pretraining Data**:
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- RedPajama (100B tokens)
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- **Model Size**:
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- Base (681M/2.3B params)
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## Usage
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("stiger1000/TC-MoE")
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("stiger1000/TC-MoE")
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inputs = tokenizer("The capital of France is", return_tensors="pt")
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_length=50)
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print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
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```
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## Training Details
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- **Optimizer**: AdamW (β₁=0.9, β₂=0.95)
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- **Learning Rate**: 1e-4 with cosine decay
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- **Batch Size**: 4M tokens
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- **Loss Components**:
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- Language Modeling Loss
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- Load Balance Loss (α₁=0.01)
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- Reward Loss (α₂=0.0)
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{yan2025tcmoe,
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title={TC-MoE: Augmenting Mixture of Experts with Ternary Expert Choice},
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author={Yan, Shen and Bin, Xingyan and Zhang, Sijun and Wang, Yisen and Lin, Zhouchen},
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booktitle={The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations},
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year={2025}
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}
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```
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📚 **Repository**: [GitHub](https://github.com/stiger1000/TC-MoE)
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