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---
license: etalab-2.0
pipeline_tag: image-segmentation
tags:
- semantic segmentation
- pytorch
- landcover
model-index:
- name: FLAIR-HUB_LC-A_RVB_swintiny-upernet
results:
- task:
type: semantic-segmentation
dataset:
name: IGNF/FLAIR-HUB/
type: earth-observation-dataset
metrics:
- type: mIoU
value: 62.007
name: mIoU
- type: OA
value: 75.58
name: Overall Accuracy
- type: IoU
value: 82.435
name: IoU building
- type: IoU
value: 76.304
name: IoU greenhouse
- type: IoU
value: 61.59
name: IoU swimming pool
- type: IoU
value: 74.236
name: IoU impervious surface
- type: IoU
value: 55.914
name: IoU pervious surface
- type: IoU
value: 62.431
name: IoU bare soil
- type: IoU
value: 88.028
name: IoU water
- type: IoU
value: 60.68
name: IoU snow
- type: IoU
value: 51.072
name: IoU herbaceous vegetation
- type: IoU
value: 56.233
name: IoU agricultural land
- type: IoU
value: 33.876
name: IoU plowed land
- type: IoU
value: 77.533
name: IoU vineyard
- type: IoU
value: 68.486
name: IoU deciduous
- type: IoU
value: 55.445
name: IoU coniferous
- type: IoU
value: 29.469
name: IoU brushwood
library_name: pytorch
---
<div style="font-family:sans-serif; color:black; background-color:#F8F5F5; padding:25px; border-radius:10px; margin:auto; border:0px; ">
<!-- Collection Section -->
<div style="background:#FFFFFF; color:black; padding:20px; border-radius:8px; box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin-bottom:20px;">
<h1 style="margin-top:0; color:black;">🌐 FLAIR-HUB Model Collection</h1>
<ul style="padding-left:0; list-style:none; line-height:1.6; margin:0;">
<li>
<span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
<b>Trained on</b>: <span style="color:black;">FLAIR-HUB dataset</span>
<a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/IGNF/FLAIR-HUB" target="_blank" style="margin-left:5px;">🔗</a>
</li>
<li>
<span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
<b>Available modalities</b>: Aerial images, SPOT images, Topographic info, Sentinel-2 yearly time-series, Sentinel-1 yearly time-series, Historical aerial images
</li>
<li>
<span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
<b>Encoders</b>: ConvNeXTV2, Swin (Tiny, Small, Base, Large)
</li>
<li>
<span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
<b>Decoders</b>: UNet, UPerNet
</li>
<li>
<span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
<b>Tasks</b>: Land-cover mapping (LC), Crop-type mapping (LPIS)
</li>
<li>
<span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
<b>Class nomenclature</b>: 15 classes for LC, 23 classes for LPIS
</li>
</ul>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; margin-bottom:15px; table-layout: fixed;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🆔<br>Model ID</th>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🗺️<br>Land-cover</th>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🌾<br>Crop-types</th>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🛩️<br>Aerial</th>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">⛰️<br>Elevation</th>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🛰️<br>SPOT</th>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🛰️<br>S2 t.s.</th>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🛰️<br>S1 t.s.</th>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🛩️<br>Historical</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LC-A</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LC-D</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LC-F</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LC-G</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LC-I</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LC-L</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LPIS-A</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LPIS-F</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LPIS-I</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LPIS-J</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!-- Model-Specific Section -->
<div style="border:1px solid black; color:black; padding:25px; background-color:#FDFFF4; border-radius:8px; box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);">
<h2 style="margin-top:0; color:black;">🔍 Model: FLAIR-HUB_LC-A_RVB_swintiny-upernet</h2>
<ul style="padding-left:0; list-style:none; line-height:1.6; margin:0;">
<li>
<span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
<b>Encoder</b>: <i>swin_tiny_patch4_window7_224</i>
</li>
<li>
<span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
<b>Decoder</b>: <i>upernet</i>
</li>
<li>
<span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
<b>Metrics</b>:
</li>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; margin-bottom:15px; table-layout: fixed;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">mIoU</th>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">O.A.</th>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">F-score</th>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">Precision</th>
<th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">Recall</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tr>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">62.01%</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">75.58%</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">75.27%</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">76.11%</td>
<td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">75.10%</td>
</tr>
</table>
<li>
<span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
<b>Params.</b>: <i>29.4</i>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
---
## General Informations
- **Contact:** [email protected]
- **Code repository:** https://github.com/IGNF/FLAIR-HUB
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07080
- **Developed by:** IGN
- **Compute infrastructure:**
- software: python, pytorch-lightning
- hardware: HPC/AI resources provided by GENCI-IDRIS
- **License:** Etalab 2.0
---
### Training Config Hyperparameters
```yaml
- Model architecture: swin_tiny_patch4_window7_224-upernet
- Optimizer: AdamW (betas=[0.9, 0.999], weight_decay=0.01)
- Learning rate: 5e-5
- Scheduler: one_cycle_lr (warmup_fraction=0.2)
- Epochs: 150
- Batch size: 5
- Seed: 2025
- Early stopping: patience 20, monitor val_miou (mode=max)
- Class weights:
- default: 1.0
- masked classes: [clear cut, ligneous, mixed, other] → weight = 0
- Input channels:
- AERIAL_RGBI : [1,2,3]
- Input normalization (custom):
- AERIAL_RGBI:
mean: [105.66, 111.35, 102.18]
std: [52.23, 45.62, 44.30]
```
---
### Training Data
```yaml
- Train patches: 152225
- Validation patches: 38175
- Test patches: 50700
```
<div style="position: relative; text-align: center;">
<img src="./model_utils/FLAIR-HUB_split1_classesfreq.png" alt="Classes distribution." style="width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0 auto;"/>
</div>
---
### Training Logging
<div style="position: relative; text-align: center;">
<img src="./model_utils/FLAIR-HUB_LC-A_RGB_swintiny-upernet_logs.png" alt="Training logging." style="width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0 auto;"/>
</div>
---
## Metrics
| Metric | Value |
| ---------------- | ------ |
| mIoU | 62.01% |
| Overall Accuracy | 75.58% |
| F-score | 75.27% |
| Precision | 76.11% |
| Recall | 75.10% |
| Class | IoU (%) | F-score (%) | Precision (%) | Recall (%) |
| --------------------- | ------- | ----------- | ------------- | ---------- |
| building | 82.44 | 90.37 | 90.51 | 90.24 |
| greenhouse | 76.30 | 86.56 | 84.06 | 89.21 |
| swimming pool | 57.97 | 73.39 | 73.87 | 72.92 |
| impervious surface | 74.24 | 85.21 | 85.38 | 85.05 |
| pervious surface | 55.91 | 71.72 | 69.81 | 73.75 |
| bare soil | 62.43 | 76.87 | 73.25 | 80.86 |
| water | 88.03 | 93.63 | 93.18 | 94.09 |
| snow | 60.68 | 75.53 | 94.83 | 62.76 |
| herbaceous vegetation | 51.07 | 67.61 | 71.85 | 63.84 |
| agricultural land | 56.23 | 71.99 | 67.08 | 77.67 |
| plowed land | 33.88 | 50.61 | 50.90 | 50.32 |
| vineyard | 77.53 | 87.35 | 83.85 | 91.14 |
| deciduous | 68.49 | 81.30 | 79.27 | 83.43 |
| coniferous | 55.44 | 71.34 | 79.03 | 65.01 |
| brushwood | 29.47 | 45.52 | 44.80 | 46.27 |
---
## Inference
<div style="display: flex; justify-content: center; text-align: center; gap: 20px;">
<div style="flex: 1;">
<p style="margin: 0;">Aerial ROI</p>
<img src="./model_utils/AerialROI.png" alt="AERIAL" style="width: 100%; display: block;" />
</div>
<div style="flex: 1;">
<p style="margin: 0;">Inference ROI</p>
<img src="./model_utils/FLAIR-HUB_LC-A_RGB_swintiny-upernet_inferenceROI.png" alt="INFERENCE" style="width: 100%; display: block;" />
</div>
</div>
---
## Cite
**BibTeX:**
```
@article{ign2025flairhub,
doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2506.07080},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07080},
author = {Garioud, Anatol and Giordano, Sébastien and David, Nicolas and Gonthier, Nicolas},
title = {FLAIR-HUB: Large-scale Multimodal Dataset for Land Cover and Crop Mapping},
publisher = {arXiv},
year = {2025}
}
```
**APA:**
```
Anatol Garioud, Sébastien Giordano, Nicolas David, Nicolas Gonthier.
FLAIR-HUB: Large-scale Multimodal Dataset for Land Cover and Crop Mapping. (2025).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.07080
```