Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507

Highlights

Over the past three months, we have continued to scale the thinking capability of Qwen3-235B-A22B, improving both the quality and depth of reasoning. We are pleased to introduce Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507, featuring the following key enhancements:

• Significantly improved performance on reasoning tasks, including logical reasoning, mathematics, science, coding, and academic benchmarks that typically require human expertise — achieving state-of-the-art results among open-source thinking models.
• Markedly better general capabilities, such as instruction following, tool usage, text generation, and alignment with human preferences.
• Enhanced 256K long-context understanding capabilities.

NOTE: This version has an increased thinking length. We strongly recommend its use in highly complex reasoning tasks.

Model Overview

Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 has the following features:

• Type: Causal Language Models
• Training Stage: Pretraining & Post-training
• Number of Parameters: 235B in total and 22B activated
• Number of Paramaters (Non-Embedding): 234B
• Number of Layers: 94
• Number of Attention Heads (GQA): 64 for Q and 4 for KV
• Number of Experts: 128
• Number of Activated Experts: 8
• Context Length: 262,144 natively.

NOTE: This model supports only thinking mode.

Additionally, to enforce model thinking, the default chat template automatically includes <think>. Therefore, it is normal for the model's output to contain only </think> without an explicit opening <think> tag.

For more details, including benchmark evaluation, hardware requirements, and inference performance, please refer to our blog, GitHub, and Documentation.

Performance

	Deepseek-R1-0528	OpenAI O4-mini	OpenAI O3	Gemini-2.5 Pro	Claude4 Opus Thinking	Qwen3-235B-A22B Thinking	Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507
Knowledge
MMLU-Pro	85.0	81.9	85.9	85.6	-	82.8	84.4
MMLU-Redux	93.4	92.8	94.9	94.4	94.6	92.7	93.8
GPQA	81.0	81.4*	83.3*	86.4	79.6	71.1	81.1
SuperGPQA	61.7	56.4	-	62.3	-	60.7	64.9
Reasoning
AIME25	87.5	92.7*	88.9*	88.0	75.5	81.5	92.3
HMMT25	79.4	66.7	77.5	82.5	58.3	62.5	83.9
LiveBench 20241125	74.7	75.8	78.3	82.4	78.2	77.1	78.4
HLE	17.7#	18.1*	20.3	21.6	10.7	11.8#	18.2#
Coding
LiveCodeBench v6 (25.02-25.05)	68.7	71.8	58.6	72.5	48.9	55.7	74.1
CFEval	2099	1929	2043	2001	-	2056	2134
OJBench	33.6	33.3	25.4	38.9	-	25.6	32.5
Alignment
IFEval	79.1	92.4	92.1	90.8	89.7	83.4	87.8
Arena-Hard v2$	72.2	59.3	80.8	72.5	59.1	61.5	79.7
Creative Writing v3	86.3	78.8	87.7	85.9	83.8	84.6	86.1
WritingBench	83.2	78.4	85.3	83.1	79.1	80.3	88.3
Agent
BFCL-v3	63.8	67.2	72.4	67.2	61.8	70.8	71.9
TAU1-Retail	63.9	71.8	73.9	74.8	-	54.8	67.8
TAU1-Airline	53.5	49.2	52.0	52.0	-	26.0	46.0
TAU2-Retail	64.9	71.0	76.3	71.3	-	40.4	71.9
TAU2-Airline	60.0	59.0	70.0	60.0	-	30.0	58.0
TAU2-Telecom	33.3	42.0	60.5	37.4	-	21.9	45.6
Multilingualism
MultiIF	63.5	78.0	80.3	77.8	-	71.9	80.6
MMLU-ProX	80.6	79.0	83.3	84.7	-	80.0	81.0
INCLUDE	79.4	80.8	86.6	85.1	-	78.7	81.0
PolyMATH	46.9	48.7	49.7	52.2	-	54.7	60.1

* For OpenAI O4-mini and O3, we use a medium reasoning effort, except for scores marked with *, which are generated using high reasoning effort.

# According to the official evaluation criteria of HLE, scores marked with # refer to models that are not multi-modal and were evaluated only on the text-only subset.

$ For reproducibility, we report the win rates evaluated by GPT-4.1.

& For highly challenging tasks (including PolyMATH and all reasoning and coding tasks), we use an output length of 81,920 tokens. For all other tasks, we set the output length to 32,768.

Quickstart

The code of Qwen3-MoE has been in the latest Hugging Face transformers and we advise you to use the latest version of transformers.

With transformers<4.51.0, you will encounter the following error:

KeyError: 'qwen3_moe'

The following contains a code snippet illustrating how to use the model generate content based on given inputs.

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

model_name = "Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507"

# load the tokenizer and the model
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_name,
    torch_dtype="auto",
    device_map="auto"
)

# prepare the model input
prompt = "Give me a short introduction to large language model."
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": prompt}
]
text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages,
    tokenize=False,
    add_generation_prompt=True,
)
model_inputs = tokenizer([text], return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

# conduct text completion
generated_ids = model.generate(
    **model_inputs,
    max_new_tokens=32768
)
output_ids = generated_ids[0][len(model_inputs.input_ids[0]):].tolist() 

# parsing thinking content
try:
    # rindex finding 151668 (</think>)
    index = len(output_ids) - output_ids[::-1].index(151668)
except ValueError:
    index = 0

thinking_content = tokenizer.decode(output_ids[:index], skip_special_tokens=True).strip("\n")
content = tokenizer.decode(output_ids[index:], skip_special_tokens=True).strip("\n")

print("thinking content:", thinking_content) # no opening <think> tag
print("content:", content)

For deployment, you can use sglang>=0.4.6.post1 or vllm>=0.8.5 or to create an OpenAI-compatible API endpoint:

• SGLang:

  python -m sglang.launch_server --model-path Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 --tp 8 --context-length 262144  --reasoning-parser deepseek-r1
  

• vLLM:

  vllm serve Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 --tensor-parallel-size 8 --max-model-len 262144 --enable-reasoning --reasoning-parser deepseek_r1
  

Note: If you encounter out-of-memory (OOM) issues, you may consider reducing the context length to a smaller value. However, since the model may require longer token sequences for reasoning, we strongly recommend using a context length greater than 131,072 when possible.

For local use, applications such as Ollama, LMStudio, MLX-LM, llama.cpp, and KTransformers have also supported Qwen3.

Agentic Use

Qwen3 excels in tool calling capabilities. We recommend using Qwen-Agent to make the best use of agentic ability of Qwen3. Qwen-Agent encapsulates tool-calling templates and tool-calling parsers internally, greatly reducing coding complexity.

To define the available tools, you can use the MCP configuration file, use the integrated tool of Qwen-Agent, or integrate other tools by yourself.

from qwen_agent.agents import Assistant

# Define LLM
# Using Alibaba Cloud Model Studio
llm_cfg = {
    'model': 'qwen3-235b-a22b-thinking-2507',
    'model_type': 'qwen_dashscope',
}

# Using OpenAI-compatible API endpoint. It is recommended to disable the reasoning and the tool call parsing
# functionality of the deployment frameworks and let Qwen-Agent automate the related operations. For example, 
# `VLLM_USE_MODELSCOPE=true vllm serve Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 --served-model-name Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 --tensor-parallel-size 8 --max-model-len 262144`.
#
# llm_cfg = {
#     'model': 'Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507',
# 
#     # Use a custom endpoint compatible with OpenAI API:
#     'model_server': 'http://localhost:8000/v1',  # api_base without reasoning and tool call parsing
#     'api_key': 'EMPTY',
#     'generate_cfg': {
#         'thought_in_content': True,
#     },
# }

# Define Tools
tools = [
    {'mcpServers': {  # You can specify the MCP configuration file
            'time': {
                'command': 'uvx',
                'args': ['mcp-server-time', '--local-timezone=Asia/Shanghai']
            },
            "fetch": {
                "command": "uvx",
                "args": ["mcp-server-fetch"]
            }
        }
    },
  'code_interpreter',  # Built-in tools
]

# Define Agent
bot = Assistant(llm=llm_cfg, function_list=tools)

# Streaming generation
messages = [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'https://qwenlm.github.io/blog/ Introduce the latest developments of Qwen'}]
for responses in bot.run(messages=messages):
    pass
print(responses)

Processing Ultra-Long Texts

To support ultra-long context processing (up to 1 million tokens), we integrate two key techniques:

• Dual Chunk Attention (DCA): A length extrapolation method that splits long sequences into manageable chunks while preserving global coherence.
• MInference: A sparse attention mechanism that reduces computational overhead by focusing on critical token interactions.

Together, these innovations significantly improve both generation quality and inference efficiency for sequences beyond 256K tokens. On sequences approaching 1M tokens, the system achieves up to a 3× speedup compared to standard attention implementations.

For full technical details, see the Qwen2.5-1M Technical Report.

How to Enable 1M Token Context

To effectively process a 1 million token context, users will require approximately 1000 GB of total GPU memory. This accounts for model weights, KV-cache storage, and peak activation memory demands.

Step 1: Update Configuration File

Download the model and replace the content of your config.json with config_1m.json, which includes the config for length extrapolation and sparse attention.

export MODELNAME=Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507
huggingface-cli download Qwen/${MODELNAME} --local-dir ${MODELNAME}
mv ${MODELNAME}/config.json ${MODELNAME}/config.json.bak
mv ${MODELNAME}/config_1m.json ${MODELNAME}/config.json

Step 2: Launch Model Server

After updating the config, proceed with either vLLM or SGLang for serving the model.

Option 1: Using vLLM

To run Qwen with 1M context support:

git clone https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm.git
cd vllm
pip install -e .

Then launch the server with Dual Chunk Flash Attention enabled:

VLLM_ATTENTION_BACKEND=DUAL_CHUNK_FLASH_ATTN VLLM_USE_V1=0 \
vllm serve ./Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 \
  --tensor-parallel-size 8 \
  --max-model-len 1010000 \
  --enable-chunked-prefill \
  --max-num-batched-tokens 131072 \
  --enforce-eager \
  --max-num-seqs 1 \
  --gpu-memory-utilization 0.85 \
  --enable-reasoning --reasoning-parser deepseek_r1

Key Parameters

Parameter	Purpose
VLLM_ATTENTION_BACKEND=DUAL_CHUNK_FLASH_ATTN	Enables the custom attention kernel for long-context efficiency
--max-model-len 1010000	Sets maximum context length to ~1M tokens
--enable-chunked-prefill	Allows chunked prefill for very long inputs (avoids OOM)
--max-num-batched-tokens 131072	Controls batch size during prefill; balances throughput and memory
--enforce-eager	Disables CUDA graph capture (required for dual chunk attention)
--max-num-seqs 1	Limits concurrent sequences due to extreme memory usage
--gpu-memory-utilization 0.85	Set the fraction of GPU memory to be used for the model executor

Option 2: Using SGLang

First, clone and install the specialized branch:

git clone https://github.com/sgl-project/sglang.git
cd sglang
pip install -e "python[all]"

Launch the server with DCA support:

python3 -m sglang.launch_server \
    --model-path ./Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 \
    --context-length 1010000 \
    --mem-frac 0.75 \
    --attention-backend dual_chunk_flash_attn \
    --tp 8 \
    --chunked-prefill-size 131072 \
    --reasoning-parser deepseek-r1

Key Parameters

Parameter	Purpose
--attention-backend dual_chunk_flash_attn	Activates Dual Chunk Flash Attention
--context-length 1010000	Defines max input length
--mem-frac 0.75	The fraction of the memory used for static allocation (model weights and KV cache memory pool). Use a smaller value if you see out-of-memory errors.
--tp 8	Tensor parallelism size (matches model sharding)
--chunked-prefill-size 131072	Prefill chunk size for handling long inputs without OOM

Troubleshooting:

1. Encountering the error: "The model's max sequence length (xxxxx) is larger than the maximum number of tokens that can be stored in the KV cache." or "RuntimeError: Not enough memory. Please try to increase --mem-fraction-static."

   The VRAM reserved for the KV cache is insufficient.

   • vLLM: Consider reducing the max_model_len or increasing the tensor_parallel_size and gpu_memory_utilization. Alternatively, you can reduce max_num_batched_tokens, although this may significantly slow down inference.
   • SGLang: Consider reducing the context-length or increasing the tp and mem-frac. Alternatively, you can reduce chunked-prefill-size, although this may significantly slow down inference.

2. Encountering the error: "torch.OutOfMemoryError: CUDA out of memory."

   The VRAM reserved for activation weights is insufficient. You can try lowering gpu_memory_utilization or mem-frac, but be aware that this might reduce the VRAM available for the KV cache.

3. Encountering the error: "Input prompt (xxxxx tokens) + lookahead slots (0) is too long and exceeds the capacity of the block manager." or "The input (xxx xtokens) is longer than the model's context length (xxx tokens)."

   The input is too lengthy. Consider using a shorter sequence or increasing the max_model_len or context-length.

Long-Context Performance

We test the model on an 1M version of the RULER benchmark.

Model Name	Acc avg	4k	8k	16k	32k	64k	96k	128k	192k	256k	384k	512k	640k	768k	896k	1000k
Qwen3-235B-A22B (Thinking)	82.9	97.3	95.9	95.3	88.7	91.7	91.5	87.9	85.4	78.4	75.6	73.7	73.6	70.6	69.9	67.6
Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 (Full Attention)	95.4	99.6	100.0	99.5	99.6	99.1	100.0	98.8	98.1	96.1	95.2	90.0	91.7	89.7	87.9	85.9
Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 (Sparse Attention)	95.5	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	98.6	99.5	98.8	98.1	95.4	93.0	90.7	91.9	91.7	87.8	86.6

• All models are evaluated with Dual Chunk Attention enabled.
• Since the evaluation is time-consuming, we use 260 samples for each length (13 sub-tasks, 20 samples for each).
• To avoid overly verbose reasoning, we set the thinking budget to 8,192 tokens.

Best Practices

To achieve optimal performance, we recommend the following settings:

1. Sampling Parameters:

   • We suggest using Temperature=0.6, TopP=0.95, TopK=20, and MinP=0.
   • For supported frameworks, you can adjust the presence_penalty parameter between 0 and 2 to reduce endless repetitions. However, using a higher value may occasionally result in language mixing and a slight decrease in model performance.

2. Adequate Output Length: We recommend using an output length of 32,768 tokens for most queries. For benchmarking on highly complex problems, such as those found in math and programming competitions, we suggest setting the max output length to 81,920 tokens. This provides the model with sufficient space to generate detailed and comprehensive responses, thereby enhancing its overall performance.

3. Standardize Output Format: We recommend using prompts to standardize model outputs when benchmarking.

   • Math Problems: Include "Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{}." in the prompt.
   • Multiple-Choice Questions: Add the following JSON structure to the prompt to standardize responses: "Please show your choice in the answer field with only the choice letter, e.g., "answer": "C"."

4. No Thinking Content in History: In multi-turn conversations, the historical model output should only include the final output part and does not need to include the thinking content. It is implemented in the provided chat template in Jinja2. However, for frameworks that do not directly use the Jinja2 chat template, it is up to the developers to ensure that the best practice is followed.

Citation

If you find our work helpful, feel free to give us a cite.

@misc{qwen3technicalreport,
      title={Qwen3 Technical Report}, 
      author={Qwen Team},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2505.09388},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.09388}, 
}