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Aureta Thomollari
|
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Aureta Thomollari (born 16 August 1981) is an Albanian American creative director, art collector and luxury consultant. She was represented by NEXT Model Management in Los Angeles.
Los Angeles
Thomollari spent nearly a decade in Los Angeles, where she co-founded and erected the first Daniel Espinosa Jewelry store in the States.
Charitable work
Thomollari participated in Bulgari's Save the Children campaign with Rumi Neely, which supported the fashion house's philanthropic efforts in conjunction with the charitable organization
Recognition
She was recently chosen for the third year in a row by Washington Life Magazine as one of the 250 most influential Washingtonians under the age of 40, in their "Young and the Guest List."
The Washington Post recently recognized Aureta, for the second year in a row, in their quarterly style magazine, Fashion Washington, as one of six "Scene Stealers," and Washingtonian Magazine named her one of their "Style Setters" in 2010.
Media coverage
In January 2011, she was on the cover of Anabel, Albania’s highest-selling fashion magazine. In September 2011, she was named a Rag & Bone DC ambassador. Her closet was featured in a recent issue of Capitol File magazine.
She has been featured in SELF China, Marie Claire Belgium, Elle Bulgaria, Grazia India, MOJEH Saudi Arabia, Refinery29, Guest of a Guest, Washingtonian, Angeleno, NBC's The Feast etc. for her prominent personal style.
She recently appeared on NBC4 Washington
In February 2012, she was chosen by Net-A-Porter Magazine as one of the hottest blogs to bookmark for 2012
Personal life
Thomollari is a member of Delta Mu Delta and Delta Epsilon Sigma honor societies. She is of Albanian descent.
|
Advent International
|
[
"Private equity firms of the United States",
"Companies based in Boston",
"Financial services companies established in 1984",
"TA Associates",
"1984 establishments in Massachusetts"
] | 3,121 | 34,001 |
Advent International Corporation is an American global private equity firm. It is focused on buyouts of companies in Western and Central Europe, North America, Latin America and Asia. The firm focuses on international buyouts, growth and strategic restructuring in five core sectors.
Since its inception in 1984, Advent has invested $56 billion in private equity capital. Through its buyout programs, it has completed more than 375 transactions in 42 countries.
Advent operates from 14 offices in 11 countries, with affiliates in additional countries, employs over 240 investment professionals, and has around $92 billion in assets under management as of 2023.
In June 2024, Advent ranked 8th among the world's largest private equity firms, with approximately $53 billion in Private Equity International's PEI 300 rankings.
Advent is a Boston, Massachusetts, spin-out from TA Associates by Peter Brooke. Brooke had founded TA Associates in 1968, after having expanded the venture capital operations of TA's parent Tucker Anthony & R.L. Day. In 1985, Advent raised its first fund – a $14 million corporate venture capital program for Nabisco. In 1987, the firm raised the $225 million International Network Fund, its first institutional private equity fund. The firm raised its first European fund in 1989, with the $231 million European Special Situations Fund and opened its London office.
Advent continued its expansion in the 1990s, opening offices in Frankfurt and Milan and merging with UK-based Trinity Capital Partners. In 1994, Advent completed fundraising for the first of its flagship series of funds, Advent Global Private Equity (GPE) II, with $415 million. In 1996, Advent expanded into Latin America raising a dedicated Advent Latin American Private Equity Fund and opening offices in Buenos Aires, Mexico City, and São Paulo.
Advent crossed the billion dollar mark in 1997, with the raising of the $1.2 billion Advent Global Private Equity (GPE) III, and in the last few years of the 1990s, Advent raised additional sector funds focused on media and communications as well as healthcare and life sciences. Advent's founder, Peter Brooke, stepped down as the firm's CEO in 1996, but remained active as the company's chairman.
Through the 2000s, Advent's expansion accelerated as the firm raised additional funds for its various fund families and opening new offices in Europe and Asia. Advent's sixth global private equity fund, raised in 2008, closed with €6.6 billion of investor commitments and the firm raised an additional €1 billion for investments in central Europe.
In April 2010, Advent created a $1.65 billion buyout fund to invest in Latin America. It was the largest private equity fund in Latin America ever.
In March 2016, Advent raised its eighth global private equity fund with $13 billion of investor commitments.
Investments
Advent began to invest in Poland in 1995. In total, they have made 13 investments in Poland across multiple sectors, including construction materials, food and beverages, financial services, rail equipment, construction chemicals and the cable industry.
It acquired the British variety store chain Poundland in 2002, and has investments in the Fat Face clothing brand and extended warranty firm Domestic & General.
In 2004, Advent-owned fund Viva Ventures bought the Bulgarian state-owned telecoms monopoly Bulgarian Telecommunications Company (now Vivacom). The company was sold to AIG in 2007.
In 2005, founder of lululemon athletica Chip Wilson partnered with Advent and Highland Capital Partners to sell a 48% minority stake in lululemon athletica.
Advent bought a majority ownership of Bradco Supply, a leading distributor of building products in 2008.
It has acquired a number of companies in Central and Eastern Europe through its dedicated regional funds. These include Romanian Ceramica IASI, one of Romania’s leading ceramic bricks and clay roof tiles producers, Bolix, a leading Polish producer of construction chemicals, Dufa Deutek, Romania’s largest decorative paints producer, and LaborMed Pharma, which manufactures and distributes generic pharmaceuticals primarily for cardiovascular and central nervous system ailments.
In 2007, its Asia affiliate Seavi Advent led the restructuring of Yangzijiang Shipbuilding, one of China's largest privately owned shipbuilders, and successfully listed the company on the Singapore Exchange; making it one of the largest IPOs by a foreign company in Singapore.
In March 2009, Advent announced the acquisition of a controlling interest in Fifth Third Processing Solutions, the payment processing business of Fifth Third Bank in a $2.35 billion transaction. The transaction represented one of the largest private equity transactions completed in 2009, amidst the 2008 financial crisis. The deal was completed in June 2009.
In November 2009, it announced a public tender offer to acquire 100% of Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne S.A. (WSiP), the largest Polish educational publisher.
In April 2010, it took over the company DFS in the United Kingdom. In August 2010, Advent International was credited with spawning the takeover of Mexicana Airlines by an outside investor group. Advent International has no equity investment stakes in the takeover according to published sources.
In 2011, it acquired Mondo Minerals, the second largest global talc producer and British mental health care provider, Priory Group, best known for providing mental health treatments to celebrities such as Eric Clapton and Johnny Depp.
In August 2011, it acquired Bojangles' Famous Chicken 'n Biscuits, a regional chain of quick-service restaurants based in Charlotte, North Carolina.
As of October 1, 2013, Advent had reached agreement with Vista Equity Partners to acquire P2 Energy Solutions.
On August 7, 2014, lululemon athletica inc. and Wilson facilitated Advent's re-engagement in lululemon by selling 13.85% ownership in the company to Advent for approximately $845 million. The transaction received the full support of the lululemon Board of Directors and changes the board dynamic. Advent Managing Partner David M. Mussafer and Managing Director Steven J. Collins will be appointed to lululemon's Board of Directors, expanding the Board from 10 to 12 members. Mr. Mussafer will now share Chairman responsibilities with Michael Casey. Lululemon will also engage an independent expert to evaluate and make recommendations regarding the lululemon Board's committees, policies and procedures over the course of 90 days following the completion of Advent's stock purchase.
In November 2014, Advent completed a new $2.1 billion private equity fund, its Advent Latin American Private Equity Fund VI, thought to be the largest ever raised for Latin America. Advent International also acquired a significant minority ownership of Noosa Yoghurt, a Bellevue-based company, for an undisclosed amount.
Between 2016 and 2018, it acquired business-to-business distributors of industrial supplies Brammer and IPH Group to create Rubix.
In February 2017, it announced that it would partner with CCC Information Services as their sole equity partner, buying out Leonard Green & Partners and TPG Capital.
On May 31, 2017, Advent and Bpifrance completed the acquisition of Safran Identity & Security (Morpho, now renamed IDEMIA), after receiving clearance from antitrust and regulatory authorities.
"
Didier Lamouche was appointed President of the Executive Board and Marwan Lahoud Chairman of the Supervisory Board of OT-MORPHO.
This acquisition raised a series of concerns:
Various civil rights organizations have criticized the government's contracts with IDEMIA, expressing concerns about sharing sensitive biometric data with a private and unregulated third-party company.
Researchers have also found that facial verification and identification algorithms, including IDEMIA's algorithm specifically, exhibit systematic racial and gender bias.
Another concern is the presence of Marwan Lahoud as a President or member of the board of different entities of the group, since 2017.
Marwan Lahoud abruptly left Airbus (former EADS) in February 2017, without notice, and is deeply involved in the scandal of corruption which hit Airbus. "Airbus ran 'massive' bribery scheme to win orders" (title of the article in the Financial Times of January 31, 2020 in which he is mentioned, with a photo of him with this title: "Marwan Lahoud, who led the strategy organization and marketing of Airbus, SMO, a division dedicated to securing sales in emerging markets and at the heart of a catalog of offenses."). In January 2020, the French press announced that the French, British and American courts had validated the agreements made earlier this week by Airbus and the French National Financial Prosecutor's Office (PNF), the British Serious Fraud Office (SFO) and the Department of Justice ( DOJ) in the United States, under which the European group AIRBUS recognises the fraud and briberies, and undertakes to pay fines totalling 3.6 billion euros: 2.08 billion in France as part of a public interest legal agreement (CJIP ), 984 million in the United Kingdom and 526 million in the United States.Today dissolved, the group's unit called Strategy and Marketing Organization (SMO), led by Marwan Lahoud, was at the heart of the matter.Almost all the articles published on these agreements underline that the ex-leaders may be worried within the framework of a preliminary investigation still in progress.
In October 2018, Advent acquired the pharmaceutical company Zentiva, previously owned by Sanofi.
On December 20, 2019, the UK government approved Advent's £4 billion takeover of defense supplier Cobham Plc. On July 24, 2019, the firm announced the 165p in cash for each Cobham shares, takeover of the firm. On September 16, 2019, at a shareholders' meeting in London, the proposed takeover deal was approved with 93% voting in favor of the deal, surpassing the requisite 75% votes. The takeover was controversial, with opponents of the deal, such as the former First Sea Lord and Royal Navy chief Admiral Lord West of Spithead expressing fears. The founding family of Cobham were also vocal opponents of the takeover. These oppositions for the takeover triggered an investigation by the Competition & Markets Authority, on the national security implications of the transaction, which led to the delay in the regulatory approval of the deal.
The company is following up its $3.3 billion acquisition of Evonik Industries's plastics division.
On March 5, 2021, Advent completed the acquisition of Global Connect business (NielsenIQ, the former ACNielsen) of Nielsen Holdings.
Advent purchased a large stake in Indian pharmaceutical company Suven Pharmaceuticals for about 973.5 billion won and acquired 50.1%. It announced that it has established global leadership worth about 1.2755 trillion won through efficient production lines and expansion of development scale.
On December 16, 2022, the geospatial intelligence company Maxar Technologies announced it had been acquired by Advent International for $6.4 billion.
In October 2023, Advent International acquired Baxter's Biopharmaceutical Solutions business with Warburg Pincus.
In December 2024, Advent International acquired a majority stake in Ciessin Corp., Colombia's largest independent ERP provider, from Ciessin Holdings and former Ciessa employees.
In January 2025, Advent International announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Sauer Brands Inc., an expanded platform for major condiment and condiment brands, from Falfuryas Capital Partners.
Investment funds
+FundVintage YearCapital ($m)Advent Global Private Equity (GPE) VII2012$10,800Advent Latin American Private Equity Fund VI2014$2,100Advent Global Private Equity (GPE) VIII2016$13,000Advent Global Technology2019$2,000Advent Global Private Equity (GPE) IX2019$17,500Advent Latin American Private Equity Fund VII2020$2,000Advent Global Technology II2021$4,000Advent Global Private Equity (GPE) X2022$25,000
|
E-40
|
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] | 3,914 | 35,544 |
Earl Tywone Stevens (born November 15, 1967), better known by his stage name E-40, is an American rapper. Stevens is a founding member of the rap group The Click and the founder of Sick Wid It Records. He has released 27 studio albums to date, appeared on numerous movie soundtracks, and has also done guest appearances on a host of other rap albums. Initially an underground artist, his 1995 solo album In a Major Way opened him up to a wider audience. Beginning in 1998, he began collaborating with mainstream rappers outside the San Francisco Bay Area. He rose to higher mainstream popularity in 2006 with his single "Tell Me When to Go", which was produced by Lil Jon.
Early life
Stevens was born in Vallejo, California. He grew up with his siblings raised by a divorced mother who worked three jobs, and he became interested in hip hop after hearing "Rapper's Delight" by the Sugarhill Gang. Beginning in fourth grade, Stevens played the snare and bass drum. He graduated from Hogan High School in Vallejo in 1985. Stevens played baseball in high school, recorded music with his siblings, and sold their recordings from the back of a car. After high school, Stevens enrolled at Grambling State University in 1986 with his cousin Brandt Jones and attended the school for one year.
Music career
1986–1999
Stevens made his rap debut as E-40 in 1986 with his cousin B-Legit, sister Suga-T, and brother D-Shot in the group Most Valuable Players. After impressing fellow students with a rap remix of the school song and a Grambling State talent show, Most Valuable Players released a single, "The King's Men". The group later became The Click and released the EP Let's Side in 1990. The EP was co-produced by Mike Mosley and Al Eaton and was released on Sick Wid It Records, an independent label founded by E-40. In 1992 they released a second album, Down and Dirty, and in 1993 E-40 made his solo album debut. Federal, a nine-track LP/14-track CD produced by Studio Ton and released by Sick Wid It Records in association with SMG (Solar Music Group), a regional distributor.
In 1993, the Click had mainstream hit, "Captain Save a Hoe" (radio edit "Captain Save Them Thoe"). They moved back to Vallejo and teamed up with D-Shot, E-40's brother, to form the group MVP or Most Valuable Players. E-40's gospel singing uncle (Saint Charles) helped them put out the record. Suga-T was then added to the group to form the Click.
Although having a large following on the West Coast, E-40 did not have a large mainstream audience, so only two of his songs released under Jive Records, "1-Luv" featuring Levitti and "Things'll Never Change" featuring Bo-Roc, charted on the Billboard Hot 100. He had been working nearly exclusively with rappers from the Bay Area until 1997, when he released the double disc compilation Southwest Riders featuring exclusively rap acts from the Bay Area and the south. His collaboration with southern rappers continued in 1998, when he was given guest appearances on albums by Southern rappers, including Lost by Eightball, and MP da Last Don by Master P.
In 2003 E-40 began hosting E-Feezy Radio, a weekly program on San Francisco hip-hop radio station KMEL that showcased Bay Area hip hop. KMEL regularly broadcast the program until 2008. After completing a deal with Jive Records he signed with Lil Jon's BME Recordings and Reprise Records. After the signing, he appeared on Lil Jon's single "Snap Yo Fingers", also featuring Sean P of YoungBloodZ, which became a hit reaching the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100. Afterwards, his single "Tell Me When to Go", featuring Oakland rapper Keak da Sneak, became popular throughout the United States, and E-40 appeared on MTV's Direct Effect and BET's 106 & Park. Publicity for E-40 was achieved through the MTV special My Block: The Bay. He later released "U and Dat" in April 2006, featuring T-Pain and Kandi Girl and produced by Lil Jon. His album My Ghetto Report Card debuted at #1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and #3 on the Billboard Hot 200 on March 14, 2006. Released through Sick Wid It/BME/Warner Bros. Records, the album was produced by Lil Jon, Rick Rock, and E-40's son, Droop-E. On March 30, 2010, E-40 released two albums called Revenue Retrievin': Day Shift and Revenue Retrievin': Night Shift. Both include guest appearances from Too Short, Snoop Dogg, Gucci Mane, Bobby V, and more. They debuted at numbers 47 & 49 respectively on the 200. The first single from the Day Shift album is "Bitch" featuring Too Short. On March 29, 2011, E-40 released two albums called Revenue Retrievin': Overtime Shift and Revenue Retrievin': Graveyard Shift. They include guest spots from Lil Jon, Bun B, Slim Thug, Tech N9ne & more. They both entered on the 200 chart at #'s 42 & 40. In November 2010, E-40 and Too Short announced that they would release two collaborative album in Summer 2012 entitled History: Mob Music and History: Function Music. E-40 also performed at the Gathering of the Juggalos.
2011–present
In 2012, E-40 released three solo albums: The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil series 1, 2, and 3, and released a collaboration album with Too Short. The first single from the second Block Brochure album is "Function" featuring YG, Iamsu! & Problem. It peaked at #21 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, #62 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, and #22 on the Rap Songs chart, becoming his most successful single in years. The volumes include Snoop Dogg, Too Short, Kendrick Lamar, Juicy J, Tech N9ne, Twista, Brotha Lynch, Andre Nickatina, 2 Chainz, & T-Pain as guests. They each debuted at #'s 58, 59 & 72 on the Billboard 200, respectively, and the triple album box set that contains all three Block Brochure volumes debuted at #44. History: Function Music debuted at #63 on the 200, while Mob debuted at #72. He made a cameo appearance in the music video for Young Jeezy's song "R.I.P." featuring 2 Chainz in March 2013, and was also featured on the song's official "G-Mix" also featuring Snoop Dogg and Too Short. It was revealed that the 4th, 5th and 6th editions of The Block Brochure would be released exactly one year after the release date of the first three volumes. However, there is no confirmed release date for the three albums, but the artwork for all three volumes and the triple album box set was released on June 12. On May 21, he released the first single from the three albums, "Ripped" featuring Lil Jon. On July 18, he premiered the second single "All My Niggaz" featuring Danny Brown and Schoolboy Q. The song was released to iTunes on August 20, 2013. On August 26, the video for "Off the Block" featuring Stressmatic and J. Banks was released and confirmed to be on the album. On Facebook E-40 announced that parts 4, 5 and 6 would be released on December 10, 2013.
In 2018, E-40 announced the "Definitions" album trilogy. He released his twenty-fifth studio album The Gift of Gab on August 23, which was followed by his twenty-sixth studio album Practice Makes Paper on July 26, 2019. The third album, Rule of Thumb, was released on November 17, 2023. In 2019, he made a guest appearance in the music video of "West Coast", performed by G-Eazy, Blueface, ALLBLACK and YG.
Business career
Along with former NFL player Chester McGlockton, E-40 opened a Fatburger franchise in Pleasant Hill, California, which has now been shut down. E-40 has promoted a forthcoming publication, E-40's Book of Slang, since 1998, but the volume has not yet been released. He is also a spokesperson for Landy Cognac, and he opened the now-defunct Ambassador's Lounge, a nightclub in Downtown San Jose.
In late 2007, E-40 announced a new line of energy drinks called "40 Water." He also has a number of other ventures in the beverage industry, including the wine industry, where he has released three wines including a red blend called "Function," a moscato and high-alcohol fortified wine called "Mangoscato." The wines are branded using the rapper's real name, Earl Stevens. In December 2014, he released a premixed cocktail beverage called Sluricane Hurricane, inspired by the 1995 hit song "Hurricane" from his group the Click.
In December 2015, E-40 released a line of malt liquor called "E-40", available in 24 oz. cans and 40 oz. glass bottles.
E-40 is also an investor and has his own investment company. He was an early investor in social media apps Clubhouse and Convoz.
Personal life
E-40 lives in Danville, California, with his wife Tracey. They married in 1991 and have two children who grew up to become rappers: Earl Jr. (who performs as Droop-E) and Emari (Issue).
E-40 is a longtime San Francisco 49ers, San Francisco Giants and Golden State Warriors fan, and the team gave away 15,000 bobblehead figures of him to visitors at a Giants game on June 25, 2022, where he also made the ceremonial first pitch of the game.
Studio albums
Federal (1992)
In a Major Way (1995)
Tha Hall of Game (1996)
The Element of Surprise (1998)
Charlie Hustle: The Blueprint of a Self-Made Millionaire (1999)
Loyalty & Betrayal (2000)
Grit & Grind (2002)
Breakin' News (2003)
My Ghetto Report Card (2006)
The Ball Street Journal (2008)
Revenue Retrievin': Day Shift (2010)
Revenue Retrievin': Night Shift (2010)
Revenue Retrievin': Overtime Shift (2011)
Revenue Retrievin': Graveyard Shift (2011)
The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 1 (2012)
The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 2 (2012)
The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 3 (2012)
The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 4 (2013)
The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 5 (2013)
The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 6 (2013)
Sharp On All 4 Corners: Corner 1 (2014)
Sharp On All 4 Corners: Corner 2 (2014)
The D-Boy Diary: Book 1 (2016)
The D-Boy Diary: Book 2 (2016)
The Gift of Gab (2018)
Practice Makes Paper (2019)
Rule of Thumb: Rule 1 (2023)
Collaborative albums
Down and Dirty (with The Click) (1992)
Game Related (with The Click) (1995)
Money & Muscle (with The Click) (2001)
History: Mob Music (with Too Short) (2012)
History: Function Music (with Too Short) (2012)
Connected and Respected (with B-Legit) (2018)
Ain't Gone Do It/Terms and Conditions (with Too Short) (2020)
Snoop Cube 40 $hort (with Mount Westmore) (2022)
Filmography
Film
Rhyme & Reason (1997)
The Breaks (1999)
3 Strikes (2000)
Obstacles (2000)
Malibooty (2003)
Hair Show (2004)
Survival of the Illest (2004)
Dead Heist (2007)
The Adventures of Tha Blue Carpet Treatment (2008)
Ghostride the Whip (2008)
What Are the Chances? (2016)
Don't Get Caught (2018)
16 Bars the Movie (2023)
88 Fresh (2023)
Television
Incredible Crew
The Jamie Foxx Show – season 5, episode 12
MTV's My Block: Bay Area
Hell's Kitchen
Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives – season 28, episode 19 "Playin' Chicken"
Blindspotting
Sick Wid It Records
In 1989, E-40 formed independently-owned hip hop record label Sick Wid It.
Notable artists
E-40
The Click
B-Legit
Turf Talk
Stresmatic
The Mossie (Kaveo, Mugzi & Tap Dat Ass)
Former
Nef the Pharaoh
OMB Peezy
Al Kapone
Celly Cel
D-Shot
Funk Mobb (G-Note, K-1 & Mac Shawn)
Little Bruce
Playaz Tryna Strive (Filthy Rich & T-Pup)
Suga-T
Mr. Malik
Discography
1990
The Click – Let's Side
1991
E-40 – Mr. Flamboyant
1992
The Click – Down and Dirty
E-40 – Federal
1993
B-Legit – Tryin' to Get a Buck
Suga-T – It's All Good
D-Shot – The Shot Calla
E-40 – The Mail Man
1994
Celly Cel – Heat 4 Yo Azz
Little Bruce – XXXtra Manish
Rhythm X – Long Overdue
1995
E-40 – In a Major Way
The Click – Game Related
Various Artists – The Hogg in Me
1996
Suga-T – Paper Chasin'
Celly Cel – Killa Kali
Funk Mobb – It Ain't 4 Play
Playaz Tryna Strive – All Frames of the Game
E-40 – Tha Hall of Game
B-Legit – The Hemp Museum
1997
The Mossie – Have Heart Have Money
E-40 & B-Legit Present – Southwest Riders
1998
Celly Cel – The G Filez
E-40 – The Element of Surprise
1999
A-1 – Mash Confusion
Celly Cel – The Best of Celly Cel
E-40 – Charlie Hustle: The Blueprint of a Self-Made Millionaire
Various Artists – Sick Wid It's Greatest Hits
2000
B-Legit - Hempin' Ain't Easy
E-40 – Loyalty and Betrayal
E-40 – Charlie Hustle: The Blueprint of a Self-Made Millionaire (DVD Movie)
2001
The Mossie – Point Seen, Money Gone
The Click – Money & Muscle
2002
Al Kapone – Goin' All Out
E-40 – Grit & Grind
B-Legit - Hard 2 B-Legit
2003
E-40 – Breakin News
2004
E-40 – The Best of E-40: Yesterday, Today & Tomorrow
Turf Talk – The Street Novelist
2005
Turf Talk – Brings the Hood Colabilation
E-40 Presents – The Bay Bridges Compilation
Various Artists – The Sick Wid It Umbrella: Fedi Fetchin
2006
Droop-E & B-Slimm – The Fedi Fetcher & The Money Stretcher
The Mossie – Soil Savvy
D-Shot – Callin All Shots
DB'Z – Speaking in Mannish
Nump – The Nump Yard
E-40 – My Ghetto Report Card
2007
E-40 – The Best of E-40: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow (Music video compilation)
Turf Talk – West Coast Vaccine: The Cure
2008
DB'Z – Mannish Music
E-40 – The Ball Street Journal
Laroo – The Corporation
Nump – Student Ov Da Game
Various Artists – The Sick Wid It Umbrella: The Machine
Various Artists – 916 Unified
2010
E-40 – Revenue Retrievin': Day Shift/Night Shift
Droop-E – BLVCK Diamond Life
Cousin Fik – No Gravity
2011
E-40 – Revenue Retrievin': Graveyard Shift/Overtime Shift
2012
E-40 – The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 1/Welcome to the Soil 2/Welcome to the Soil 3
Laroo and Turf Talk – Sick Wid It Block Op
E-40 & Too $hort – History: Mob Music/Function Music
2013
Droop-E – Hungry And Humble
Hot (from the DB'z) – Dope
E-40 – The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 4/Welcome to the Soil 5/Welcome to the Soil 6
2014–2017
E-40 – Sharp On All 4 Corners: Corner 1/Corner 2
E-40 – The D-Boy Diary: Book 1/Book 2
Nef the Pharaoh – The Chang Project
Droop-E – Trillionaire Thoughts
OMB Peezy – Humble Beginnings
2018
Nef the Pharaoh – The Big Chang Theory
James Too Cold – No Witness
OMB Peezy – Loyalty Over Love
2019
JT the 4th – Numba 4
Droop-E – Droopiter
OMB Peezy – Preacher to the Streets
E-40 – Practice Makes Paper
Nef the Pharaoh – Mushrooms & Coloring Books
Various Artists – Year of the Pig
|
Paul Pisasale
|
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Paul Pisasale is a former mayor of the City of Ipswich in Queensland, Australia, and convicted extortionist. Pisasale was mayor of Ipswich from 2004 to 2017, making him one of Queensland's longest-serving mayors, and was last elected in 2016 with 83.45% of the popular vote. He resigned as mayor in 2017 following a raid on his office by the Queensland Crime and Corruption Commission. He was subsequently charged with corruption in 2017. He was committed to stand trial on a number of other charges in 2019, including charges of sexual assault where he was accused of "unlawfully and indecently" assaulting an Ipswich woman, and charges of perjury. Pisasale subsequently pleaded guilty to these charges which included two counts of sexual assault, official corruption, unlawful drug possession, 27 counts of fraud, secret commission by an agent, and fraud of property.
Criminal convictions
Pisasale was convicted of two counts of extortion on 24 July 2019 where he was found to have impersonated a private investigator as part of a plot to unlawfully obtain $10,000 from another individual. His appeal against those convictions was dismissed in March 2020.
Pisasale later pleaded guilty to a range of additional charges including perjury, fraud, corruption, and sexual assault. His criminal behaviour was described as "systematic corruption and failings" whereby Pisasale "exploited and manipulated" his position in the Council including the commission of sexual assault offences within his former official chambers.
Pisasale was initially sentenced to two years in jail to be suspended after 12 months for his extortion offences, and commenced his sentences at the Wolston Correctional Centre, where he was admitted to hospital from an exercise-related injury within days of his incarceration. He was sentenced to an additional seven and a half years in jail for the crimes he admitted in 2020, and was eligible for parole from October 2022. Pisasale was released from prison on parole as of December 2022.
Honors and other awards
In 2010, Pisasale was awarded the title of "Queensland Local Hero" by the National Australia Day Council.
This award has been withdrawn as of June 2025 due to recognition of his corrupt and dishonest conduct as supported by the findings of the court and his subsequent jail time.
2012 saw Pisasale receive the Queensland Civil Justice Award for going beyond the call of duty in the 2011 floods. This award has also been withdrawn.
In 2013, he was also awarded a Life Sciences award for championing master-planned communities, job creation, protection of the environment and being an advocate for education by Life Sciences Queensland, an industry-led organisation which works with government and industry. This award has also been withdrawn.
|
Susan McDonald
|
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"People from Cloncurry, Queensland",
"21st-century Australian women politicians",
"1970 births",
"Australian food industry businesspeople",
"University of Queensland alumni",
"Australian women accountants",
"Australian accountants"
] | 1,091 | 11,636 |
Susan Eileen McDonald (born 7 February 1970) is an Australian politician who has been a Senator for Queensland since 2019. She is a member of the Liberal National Party of Queensland (LNP) and sits with the National Party in federal parliament. She has a background in agribusiness.
Early life
McDonald was born in Brisbane. Her father Don McDonald served as state and federal president of the National Party during the 1990s. The family company MDH Pty Ltd was established by her paternal grandfather Jim McDonald in the 1940s and runs numerous cattle stations across Queensland, spanning over as of 2013. Her maternal grandfather George Fisher was a prominent mining executive, while her aunt Judy Gamin was a Queensland state MP.
McDonald grew up on Devoncourt Station, located in the locality of Kuridala outside of Cloncurry. She began her schooling through the School of the Air based in Mount Isa before boarding at Stuartholme School in Brisbane. She later completed the degrees of Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Economics from the University of Queensland.
Career
McDonald is a chartered accountant. From 2014 to 2019 she served as managing director of Super Butcher, a subsidiary of her family business MDH which had five stores and employed 80 people as of 2016. She was appointed to the board of Beef Australia in 2016. She joined the council of the Royal National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland in the same year.
Politics
McDonald joined the National Party of Queensland at the age of 19. She served a term as state secretary beginning in 2003. When the party merged with the state Liberal Party in 2008, she became a founding trustee of the new Liberal National Party of Queensland (LNP). She served as chief of staff to Andrew Cripps, the Queensland Minister for Natural Resources and Mines from 2012 to 2015.
Senate
In July 2018 McDonald won LNP preselection for the Senate. She was elected to parliament at the 2019 federal election, to a term beginning on 1 July 2019, and sits in the Nationals partyroom. She serves on several Senate committees and is the chair of the rural and regional affairs and transport legislation committee.
McDonald reportedly voted for Barnaby Joyce in the 2021 Nationals leadership spill, despite having previously supported Michael McCormack. She was subsequently appointed as the Morrison government's Special Envoy for Northern Australia, a non-ministerial position.
During her time in 2021 the senate, McDonald supported an inquiry into Vegan Food label.
Following the Coalition's defeat at the 2022 federal election, McDonald was appointed to new opposition leader Peter Dutton's shadow ministry, with responsibility for the resources and Northern Australia portfolios.
Political views
McDonald advocates the agricultural development of inland Australia. She has endorsed the assumptions of the Bradfield Scheme and supports the construction of the Hell's Gate Dam on the upper Burdekin River as well as the expansion of the existing Burdekin Dam. In March 2019 The Australian described her as "avowedly pro-coal".
McDonald has nominated Lawrence Springborg, Tim Fischer and Joh Bjelke-Petersen as political role models.
Personal life
McDonald is a single mother to three children. She moved to Townsville after her election to parliament, having previously lived in the Brisbane suburb of Clayfield.
McDonald was diagnosed with COVID-19 in March 2020. She was only the third North Queenslander to contract the virus. She described it as a "mild case" and said she was unsure how she became infected.
|
Pam Williams
|
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"People from Whanganui",
"People educated at Woodford House",
"New Zealand businesspeople",
"New Zealand women in business",
"New Zealand philanthropists",
"Recipients of the New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal 1993",
"Companions of the Queen's Service Order"
] | 637 | 5,191 |
Pamela Margaret Jean Williams (née Pearce; 4 July 1933 – 5 October 2021) was a New Zealand businesswoman and philanthropist. She was the founder or co-founder of six companies, including Wanganui Seafoods, one of the largest seafood export businesses in New Zealand. She was a benefactor of many organisations in and around her home town of Whanganui, including the Sarjeant Gallery and Bushy Park. In 2017, Williams was inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame.
Early life and family
Born on 4 July 1933, Williams was raised on a farm in the Waitōtara Valley, north of Whanganui. She was home-schooled until her last two years of secondary education when she boarded at Woodford House. Her father, Frank Pearce, died when she was a teenager, and she and her two brothers took over the running of the farm. She married a local farmer, Evan Williams, and they had two daughters, but the marriage ended in the late 1960s.
Business career
Williams established Wanganui Trawlers with local lawyer Gordon Swan, initially with one trawler fishing inshore waters and supplying local fish and chip shops. When the New Zealand exclusive economic zone was extended to 200 miles in 1977, Williams gained an offshore fishing quota that allowed the business to expand. Joint ventures with Korean, Japanese and Russian fishing companies followed, and the company grew to a peak of 200 full-time staff, exporting to 16 countries. In 1994, she sold the business to Sanford Limited for $36.5 million.
Williams subsequently served as chair of the Fisheries Authority Committee and was on the board of the Accident Compensation Corporation for nine years. In 1993, she was awarded the New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal, and in the 1997 New Year Honours, she was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services.
In 2017, Williams was inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame.
Philanthropy
Following the sale of Wanganui Seafoods, Williams was active in Whanganui community organisations. She was a board member of the Cooks Gardens Trust, and served on local job-creation organisations. She made financial contributions to community groups including the Waimarie Riverboat Trust, Bushy Park, Sport Whanganui, and the Sargeant Gallery, to which she gave $1 million.
Death
Williams died in Whanganui on 5 October 2021.
|
Ghost (2023 film)
|
[
"2023 films",
"Indian thriller films",
"2023 thriller films",
"2023 action thriller films",
"Indian action thriller films",
"Indian crime action films",
"Films about criminals",
"Films about corruption in India",
"Films about organised crime in India",
"2020s heist films",
"Indian heist films",
"Films set in prison",
"2020s prison films",
"Indian prison films",
"Films about filicide",
"Films about smuggling",
"Films about theft",
"Films set in Karnataka",
"Indian films about revenge",
"Indian vigilante films"
] | 1,850 | 16,078 |
Ghost is a 2023 Indian Kannada-language action heist thriller film directed by M. G. Srinivas and produced by Sandesh Nagaraj under Sandesh Production. The film stars Shiva Rajkumar, Jayaram, Anupam Kher, Prashant Narayanan, and Archana Jois. It is the second installment of a cinematic universe following Birbal Trilogy in which M. G. Srinivas had appeared. In the film, an anonymous gangster called "Big Daddy" hijacks a prison to steal hidden gold bars recovered during a CBI raid, but ACP Chengappa arrives to stop Big Daddy from executing his plans.
Ghost was released theatrically on 19 October 2023, during Dasara weekend, to positive reviews from critics and became a box office success. A sequel titled Ghost 2 is planned.
Plot
An anonymous person and his gang hijack the central prison in Karnataka, where they capture prisoners, prison officials and Vamana Srinivasan, ex-CBI officer, and hold them as hostages. ACP Chengappa is assigned to solve the hostage issue. A cat-and-mouse game ensues between the anonymous person and Chengappa during which the person is revealed as Dalavayi Muddanna alias "Big Daddy", an infamous crime boss.
Chengappa learns that Dalavayi and his gang hijacked the prison to steal gold bars. It is revealed that Vamana had discovered the gold bars during a CBI raid and had hidden it in the prison, due to public attention of a controversial gold scam. Vamana and Thomas, the prison officer, decided to retrieve the gold by implementing privatisation of the prison in order to distract the public, but Prabhu, one of Vamana's officers, learnt about their plan and decide to expose their secrets. Vamana found out about Prabhu and killed him, making it look like a suicide. Vaman also killed Geetha, Prabhu's disabled wife, after she learnt about his plan.
Dalavayi and his team find the gold in the prison's newly constructed library. Vamana initiates his next plan of releasing dangerous prisoners to kill Dalavayi and his team. However, they are revealed to be Dalavayi's previous henchmen. Chengappa learns about Dalavayi and is later revealed that he and his officers had killed Dalavayi in a car accident previously. Chengappa suspects that the person who hijacked the prison as Dalavayi is an imposter. Chengappa confirms the same and reveals the information to the henchmen.
The henchmen attacks the imposter Dalavayi, but he manages to defeat them. The imposter Dalavayi initiates his escape plan by sending his henchmen to travel with the prisoners in the bus, while he transfers the real gold through remote control mini boats and keep the fake gold in the bus. He eventually escapes through a secret route, while Chengappa is unable to identify Dalavayi's henchmen. A few months later, Home Minister Vijayalakshmi assigns "Pithamaha", a spy agency headed by A. N. Rao, to solve the case due to pressure from the government.
It is later revealed that the imposter Dalavayi is actually Anand Rao, Rao's son and Prabhu's elder brother. Anand and Rao learnt about Vaman's plan and his involvement in Prabhu and Geetha's deaths, where they decided to clear Prabhu's name and expose Vaman. Anand decided to pose as Dalavayi by wearing a prosthetic mask and hijacked the prison. Anand finally exposes Vaman and gets him and Thomas arrested. While paying respects to Prabhu and Geetha, Anand gets a call from Dalavayi's son, who demands him to return the gold in exchange for rescuing his team members. Anand and Rao set out to confront Dalavayi's son.
The music of the film was composed by Arjun Janya. The film's songs referred to as OGMs (Original Gangster Music) garnered immense praise for their innovative approach with particular attention given to the first OGM. This distinctive composition seamlessly integrated lines from various languages into one song, earning resounding applause from audiences. The first single titled "OGM" was released on 22 September 2023. The Second OGM was released on 17 October 2023, while the third OGM was released on 1 November 2023.
Release
The first look was released on 12 July 2022, coinciding with the actor's birthday, while a motion poster was released on 2 January 2023. The trailer was released on 1 October 2023. The film was released on 19 October 2023, coinciding with Dasara.
Home media
The satellite and digital rights were acquired by Zee Kannada and ZEE5. On the platform, the film was premiered on 17 November 2023.
Reception
Ghost received positive reviews from critics.
Critical response
A. Sharadhaa of The New Indian Express gave 4/5 stars and wrote "Ghost offers thrilling moments, with Shivarajkumar's exceptional performance, along with the rest of the cast, elevating the viewing experience." Prathibha Joy of OTTplay gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "Ghost is quite the thrilling two-hour ride and could just be the Dasara winner Kannada cinema has been looking for."
S. Sridevi of The Times of India gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Ghost is a one-of-its-kind heist thriller for the Kannada audience, packed with plenty of mass scenes catered and assembled particularly for Shivarajkumar’s fans." Anjali Belgaumkar of The Indian Express gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "Directed by MG Srinivas, the Shivarajkumar movie will keep you on the edge of your seat." Anindita Mukherjee of India Today gave 2.5/5 stars and wrote "‘Ghost’ is a great watch for all those who love punches, fights and tough dialogues."
Vivek M. V of The Hindu wrote "Ghost is a film that deserves appreciation for its attempt; not so much for its result." Subha. J. Rao of Film Companion wrote "Director MG Srinivas needed to invest better in the writing and focus on the ‘show, don’t tell’ philosophy."
Box office
Ghost achieved notable success at the box office by grossing 30.28 crore against a budget of 15 crore within a span of four weeks.
|
National Bank of Malawi
|
[
"Banks of Malawi",
"Banks established in 1971",
"Companies listed on Malawi Stock Exchange",
"1971 establishments in Malawi"
] | 1,142 | 9,702 |
National Bank of Malawi (NBM) plc, is a commercial bank in Malawi. The bank is one of the commercial banks licensed by the Reserve Bank of Malawi, the central bank and national banking regulator.
Location
thumb|left| National Bank of Malawi in Lilongwe in 2018
The headquarters and main office of the National Bank of Malawi are located in Business Centre & Office Complex, at 7 Henderson Street, in the city of Blantyre, the largest city and financial capital of Malawi. The geographical coordinates of the headquarters of this bank are: 15°47'15.0"S, 35°00'13.0"E (Latitude:-15.787500; Longitude:35.003611).
Overview
NBM is a large financial services institution, serving the banking needs of the people and businesses in Malawi. , the bank's total assets were valued at MWK:417.33 billion (approximately US$579 million), with shareholders' equity of MWK:88.4 billion (approximately US$123 million).
National Bank of Malawi maintains four subsidiary companies, two of which are wholly owned:
NBM Capital Markets Limited - 100% shareholding
NBM Pensions Administration Limited - 100% shareholding
NBM Development Bank Limited - 100% shareholding
Stockbrokers Malawi Limited - 75% shareholding
United General Insurance Limited - 31% shareholding.
History
National Bank of Malawi traces its history from the 1890s when African Lakes Corporation established banking business in Nyasaland. In 1918, the National Bank of South Africa (now First National Bank) acquired the banking business of African Lakes Corporation in the colony. In 1925, National Bank of South Africa was merged with the Anglo-Egyptian Bank and the Colonial Bank in 1925 to form Barclays Bank (Dominion, Colonial and Overseas). Barclays thus inherited the National Bank of South Africa's business in the colony.
The current bank was established in 1971 when Standard Bank of Malawi, with the consent of the Government of Malawi, merged with Barclays Bank of Malawi. In July 1971, the merger was effected, with Standard and Barclays jointly owning 51% of the new bank i.e. 25.5% each. Press Holdings Limited, a private Malawian investment company owned 29% and Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation (ADMARC), a Malawian parastatal, owned 20%. Over the years, both Standard Bank and Barclays Bank divested from NBM and Old Mutual Group, became an investor in the bank.
At one time Standard Chartered Bank was an investor in NBM, having acquired the assets which formerly belonged to Standard Bank. In August 2000, the stock of National Bank of Malawi became listed on the Malawi Stock Exchange, where it trades under the symbol NBM. At the time of listing, the bank issued 45 million ordinary shares.
Ownership
The shares of stock of NBM are listed on the Malawi Stock Exchange, where they trade under the symbol: NBM. The stock of National Bank of Malawi is owned by corporate and individual investors. , shareholding in the bank was:
+ National Bank of Malawi Stock OwnershipRank Name of OwnerPercentage Ownership1Press Corporation Limited51.52Old Mutual Group25.13Members of the public21.64Employee Share Ownership Plan1.85 TOTAL100.0
Branch network
, National Bank of Malawi maintained over thirty branches, referred to as "service centers" by the bank.
Governance
Jimmy Lipunga, a non-executive director, serves as the Chairman of the 12 member Board of Directors. The Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer is Harold Jiya, who is assisted by eleven (11) other senior managers in overseeing the day-to-day activities of the bank.
Acquisition and merger with Indebank
In July 2015, NBM acquired 97.05 percent of Indebank, a commercial bank in which the government of Malawi owned a 40 percent stake. NBM paid MWK:6.5 billion (approximately US$9.1 million). For the one-year up to 1 July 2016, the operations of Indenbank were integrated into NBM, with closure of some bank branches, where the two institutions' service centers were in close proximity.
See also
List of banks in Malawi
Economy of Malawi
Reserve Bank of Malawi
Malawi Stock Exchange
|
John Turner
|
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"20th-century Canadian sportsmen",
"Deaths from congestive heart failure in Canada"
] | 7,515 | 84,168 |
John Napier Wyndham Turner (June 7, 1929September 19, 2020) was the 17th prime minister of Canada, serving from June to September 1984. He served as leader of the Liberal Party and leader of the Opposition from 1984 to 1990.
Turner practised law before being elected as a member of Parliament (MP) in the 1962 federal election. He served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau as minister of justice and attorney general from 1968 to 1972 and then as minister of finance from 1972 to 1975. As a cabinet minister, Turner came to be known as a leader of the Business Liberal faction of the Liberal Party. Amid a global recession and the prospect of having to implement unpopular wage and price controls, Turner resigned from his position in 1975.
From 1976 to 1984, Turner took a hiatus from politics, working as a corporate lawyer on Bay Street. Trudeau's resignation in 1984 triggered a leadership election, which Turner successfully contested. When he was sworn in as prime minister after winning the leadership election, Turner was not an MP or senator — the last time this would occur until Mark Carney in 2025. Turner held the office of prime minister for just 79 days, as he advised the governor general to dissolve Parliament soon after being sworn in. He went on to lose the 1984 election in a landslide to Brian Mulroney's Progressive Conservatives, leading the Liberals to the second-worst defeat for a governing party at the federal level (in terms of proportion of seats). Turner stayed on as Liberal leader and led the Opposition for the next six years. In the 1988 election, he vigorously campaigned against Mulroney's proposed free trade agreement with the United States, and led the Liberals to a modest recovery. Turner resigned as party leader in 1990 and did not seek re-election as an MP in 1993.
Turner was Canada's first prime minister born in the United Kingdom since Mackenzie Bowell in 1896, Canada's second shortest-serving prime minister behind Charles Tupper, and Canada's fourth longest-lived prime minister, living to the age of 91.
Early life
Turner was born on June 7, 1929, in Richmond, Surrey, England (now a part of London), to Leonard Hugh Turner, an English journalist with the Manchester Guardian, and Phyllis Gregory, a Canadian economist. He had a brother, Michael, born in 1930 (who died shortly after birth), and a sister, Brenda, born in 1931. When Turner's father died in 1932, he and his sister moved to Canada with their Canadian-born mother. The family settled in her childhood home in Rossland, British Columbia, and later moved to Ottawa.
Turner's mother was loving but demanding of her two children. The family was not wealthy. His mother remarried in 1945 to Frank Mackenzie Ross, who later served as Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia, and the family relocated to Vancouver.
Education
Turner was educated at Ashbury College and St Patrick's College, Ottawa (senior matriculation). He enrolled at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in 1945 at age 16 where he was a member of the UBC chapter of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity, and was among Canada's outstanding track sprinters in the late 1940s. He held the Canadian record for the men's 100-yard dash and qualified for the 1948 London Olympics, but a bad knee kept him from competing. He graduated from UBC with a BA (Honours) in 1949.
Awarded a Rhodes Scholarship, Turner went on to Magdalen College at the University of Oxford, where he earned a BA in jurisprudence in 1951, and a BCL in 1952; his BA was promoted to an MA per tradition in 1957. He was on the track and field team at Oxford. One of his teammates was Roger Bannister, who became the first runner to break the four-minute barrier in the mile. At Oxford, Turner was a classmate and friend of future Australian Prime Ministers Malcolm Fraser and Bob Hawke, as well as Jeremy Thorpe, future leader of Britain's Liberal Party. He also pursued doctoral studies at the University of Paris from 1952 to 1953.
Relationship with Princess Margaret
On July 25, 1958, a ball was hosted by Turner's mother and stepfather (in the latter's role of Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia), in honour of Princess Margaret at HMCS Discovery, the Canadian navy's land station in Vancouver. Turner danced with Princess Margaret, one year his junior, and they sat out talking, refusing requests to return to supper. This was the first time that Turner received significant press attention in Canada. Further meetings between them during Margaret's three week official visit to Canada led to considerable speculation about whether the two would become a serious couple. Contemporary press reports suggested there was some consternation about the reports among British officials, but their Canadian counterparts were more relaxed.
A year later, in September 1959, press attention returned when reports circulated that Turner had been a recent guest at Balmoral in August where discussions had taken place concerning marriage between the pair; that he had also paid a secret visit to see her in April and that his parents had commented on their close friendship during their visit to Scotland in August.
According to letters discovered in 2015, written by Margaret to her friend Sharman Douglas and obtained by the Daily Mail, the relationship was more serious than previously thought with the princess writing in one letter, seven years later: "John Turner is here & we meet on Thursday. It will seem so funny as we haven't met since I nearly married him & he's bringing his wife!". Turner told the Daily Mail: "I have never talked about it, and I am not going to start talking about it now". Brenda confirmed a "very definite attraction" between her brother and the princess, but said that Turner was uninterested in royalty and would not have given up Catholicism.
It has been claimed Turner attended Margaret's party at Balmoral Castle in August 1959 where his roommate was Margaret's future husband Antony Armstrong-Jones; however, according to his authorized biography, Armstrong-Jones visited Balmoral for the first time in early October 1959. Turner was the only Canadian unofficial guest at their wedding in May 1960. Turner remained friends with Margaret, he and his wife often meeting the princess in Britain or during official visits to Canada. They attended Margaret's 2002 private funeral and were Canada's official representatives at the memorial service.
Marriage and family
Turner was married on May 11, 1963, to Geills McCrae Kilgour (b. 1937) who was then a systems engineer with IBM, and the great niece of Canadian Army doctor John McCrae, the author of what is probably the best-known First World War poem, "In Flanders Fields", and sister of David Kilgour, a long-time Canadian Member of Parliament. The Turners have a daughter named Elizabeth and two sons: Michael and Andrew. Their second son, David, died in 2021. The Turner children attended Rockcliffe Park Public School, in Ottawa. All three sons attended Upper Canada College, in Toronto.
Early career
Turner practised law, initially with the firm of Stikeman Elliott in Montreal, Quebec. He was elected as Member of Parliament for St. Lawrence—St. George in 1962 and was reelected there in every election until the riding's dissolution in 1968. He was the Member of Parliament for Ottawa—Carleton from 1968 to 1976.
In 1965, while vacationing in Barbados, Turner noticed that former prime minister and Leader of the Opposition John Diefenbaker, staying at the same hotel, was struggling in the strong surf and undertow. Turner, a competitive swimmer while in university, jumped in and pulled Diefenbaker to shore.
Cabinet minister
Turner was generally respected for his work as a cabinet minister in the 1960s and 1970s, under prime ministers Lester Pearson and Pierre Trudeau.
Premiership of Lester Pearson
Turner served in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Lester Pearson in various capacities, most notably as Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs. When Pearson retired, Turner ran to succeed him at the 1968 leadership convention. Turner, at age 38 the youngest of the dozen leadership candidates, stated "My time is now", and remarked during his speech that he was "not here for some vague, future convention in, say, 1984". Turner stayed on until the fourth and final ballot, finishing third behind Pierre Trudeau and runner-up Robert Winters.
Premiership of Pierre Trudeau
Turner served in Trudeau's cabinet as minister of justice for four years. Biographer Paul Litt argues that Turner was a hard-working, well-informed minister whose success was assured by his warm relationship with his peers. His achievements, say Litt, included strengthening the rights of individual defendants on trial, greater efficiency in the justice system, creation of the influential Law Reform Commission, selecting highly professional judges, and bringing a policy perspective to the Justice Department. He led the government's position in the highly controversial Official Languages Act, and he took control during the October Crisis in 1970.
A member of the Business Liberal faction of the Liberal Party, Turner then served as Minister of Finance from 1972 until 1975. His challenges were severe in the face of global financial issues such as the 1973 oil crisis, the collapse of the postwar Bretton Woods trading system, slowing economic growth combined with soaring inflation (stagflation), and growing deficits. His positions were more conservative than Trudeau's and they drew apart. In 1975 Turner surprisingly resigned from cabinet. The Liberals had won the 1974 election by attacking Robert Stanfield's Progressive Conservatives over their platform involving wage and price controls. However, Trudeau decided to implement the wage and price controls in late 1975, so some have suggested that Turner quit rather than carry out that proposal. In a 2013 interview with Catherine Clark on CPAC Turner confirmed his resignation from cabinet was a direct result of refusing to implement wage and price controls, after campaigning against them in 1974.
In his memoirs, Trudeau wrote that Turner said he resigned as Finance Minister in 1975 because he was tired of politics, after 13 years in Ottawa, and wanted to move on to a better-paying job as a lawyer in Toronto, to better support his family and to be with them more, as his children were growing up. Trudeau also suggested that Turner's years as finance minister were very difficult because of turbulent and unusual conditions in the world economy, characterized as stagflation, largely caused by enormous increases in the price of oil.
Federal budgets presented as minister of finance
1973 Canadian federal budget
May 1974 Canadian federal budget
November 1974 Canadian federal budget
1975 Canadian federal budget
Bay Street
From 1975 to 1984, Turner worked as a corporate lawyer at the Bay Street law firm McMillan Binch. When Pierre Trudeau resigned as Liberal leader in 1979 following an election loss, Turner announced that he would not be a candidate for the Liberal leadership. Trudeau was talked into rescinding his resignation after the government of Joe Clark was defeated by a motion of no confidence, and returned to contest and win the 1980 federal election. Trudeau then served as Prime Minister until 1984.
Prime Minister (June–September 1984)
Trudeau retired after polls showed the Liberals faced certain defeat in the next election if he remained in office. Turner then re-entered politics, and defeated Jean Chrétien, his successor as finance minister, on the second ballot of the June 1984 Liberal leadership convention. He was formally appointed prime minister on June 30. When he was sworn in, Turner was not an MP or senator; the next occurrence of a PM not being elected to the Commons or Senate would be Mark Carney in 2025. He also announced that he would not run in a by-election to get into the Commons, but would instead run in the next general election as the Liberal candidate in the British Columbia riding of Vancouver Quadra, a seat held by the Tories. However, this was part of Turner's strategy to rebuild the Liberals' image in western Canada; at the time, the party held no seats west of Winnipeg.
In his final days of office, Trudeau recommended that Governor General Jeanne Sauvé appoint over 200 Liberals to patronage positions, including senators, judges, and executives on various governmental and crown corporation boards. Turner then made a further 19 appointments himself, one of Trudeau's conditions for retiring earlier than he had planned.
1984 federal election
On July 9, only nine days after being sworn in, Turner asked Sauvé to dissolve parliament and advised her to call an election for early September. Progressive Conservative leader Brian Mulroney and other experts had expected Turner to tour Canada during the summer and early autumn, accompanying Queen Elizabeth II and Pope John Paul II on their upcoming visits, and then call the election for later in the autumn. As the campaign unfolded, the Tories and Mulroney, who was fighting his first general election in any capacity, soon took the lead.
Early in the campaign, Turner appeared rusty and old-fashioned. His policies contrasted with Trudeau's and seemed to legitimize the Tory calls for lowering the deficit, improving relations with the United States, cutting the bureaucracy, and promoting more federal-provincial harmony. He spoke of creating "make work projects", a discarded phrase from the 1970s that had been replaced by the less patronizing "job creation programs". Turner was also caught on television patting the bottoms of Liberal Party President Iona Campagnolo and Vice-President Lise St. Martin-Tremblay, causing an uproar among feminists, who saw such behaviour as sexist and condescending.
During the televised leaders' debate, Turner attacked Mulroney over the patronage machine that the latter had allegedly set up in anticipation of victory, comparing it to the Union Nationale governments of Quebec. Mulroney responded by pointing to the raft of patronage appointments made on the advice of Trudeau and Turner. Turner had the right to advise Sauvé to cancel Trudeau's appointments—advice that she was bound to follow by convention—but failed to do so and added to his own. Mulroney demanded that Turner apologize to the country for what he called "these horrible appointments." Turner claimed that "I had no option" except to let them stand. Mulroney responded, "You had an option, sirto say 'no'and you chose to say 'yes' to the old attitudes and the old stories of the Liberal Party." He highlighted the Liberals' long record in government and resulting patronage appointments.
Turner discovered late in the campaign that the Liberals' electoral hopes were poor in their traditional stronghold of Quebec. The party had heretofore relied on Trudeau's appeal, patronage, and traditional dislike of the Progressive Conservatives for victory in recent previous elections. Turner had surrounded himself with Trudeau's factional opponents and Trudeau himself did not endorse Turner. In a last-minute turnaround, Turner rehired much of Trudeau's staff during the final weeks, but this had little effect. Quebec's disaffection with the federal Liberals regarding patriation in 1982 further contributed to their defeat. Mulroney, a native Quebecker, was able to harness that discontent to the Progressive Conservatives' advantage by promising a new constitutional agreement.
On September 4, the Liberals were swept from power in a Tory landslide. The Liberals were cut down to 40 seats, the fewest in the party's history until 2011, against 211 for the Progressive Conservatives. The Liberals fell to 17 seats in Quebec, all but four in and around Montreal. Eleven members of Turner's cabinet were defeated. It was the worst defeat the Liberals experienced in a federal election since 1958.
Turner stepped down as prime minister on September 17. The election having been called just over a week after his being sworn in, Turner held the office of prime minister for two months and seventeen days, the second-shortest stint in Canadian history, ahead of only Sir Charles Tupper, who took office after dissolution of parliament. Turner, along with Tupper and later Mulroney's successor Kim Campbell, were the only PMs who never faced a parliament or implemented any legislative initiative.
Opposition leader (1984–1990)
In 1984, Turner managed to defeat the Tory incumbent in Vancouver Quadra, Bill Clarke by 3,200 votes, a surprising result given the size of the Tory wave, and became leader of the opposition. He was the only Liberal MP from British Columbia, and one of only two from west of Ontario. The Liberals, amid their worst showing in party history and led by an unpopular Turner, were said by some pundits to be following the British Liberals into oblivion. Though the Liberals had not fared much better in the 1958 election, they had clearly emerged as the main opposition party back then. After the 1984 election, however, the NDP were not far behind with 30 seats. Their leader Ed Broadbent consistently outpolled Turner and even Mulroney, except in Quebec.
The Liberals responded by using their large Senate majority, built up over years of Liberal majorities in the Commons, to stall Mulroney's legislation. In addition, a group of young Liberal MPs, known as the "Rat Pack", pestered Mulroney at every turn. The group included Sheila Copps, Brian Tobin, Don Boudria, and John Nunziata.
Turner's leadership was frequently questioned, and in the lead up to the 1986 Liberal convention, a vote of confidence loomed large. The popular Jean Chrétien resigned his seat, creating a stir in caucus. Keith Davey publicly voiced his concerns with Turner's leadership, which coincided with backroom struggles involving Chrétien's supporters. The public conflict is said to have influenced many Liberals to support Turner, and he ended up getting a little over 75% of the delegate vote.
The Liberals faced more internal conflict in the next few years, but polls frequently had them in front of the Progressive Conservatives (however, with Turner last in preferred prime minister categories). The upcoming Canada–US Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and Meech Lake Accord threatened to divide the party until Turner took the position of being pro-Meech Lake and against the FTA. Turner asked the Liberal Senators to hold off on passing the legislation to implement the agreement until an election was held. It was later revealed that Mulroney planned to have an election called, anyway.
1988 federal election
When the election was called for November 21, 1988, the Liberals had some early struggles, notably during one day in Montreal where 3 different costs were given for the proposed Liberal daycare program. The campaign was also hampered by a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation report that stated there was a movement in the backroom to replace Turner with Chrétien.
Turner campaigned rallying support against the proposed FTA, an agreement that he said would lead to the abandonment of Canada's political sovereignty to the United States. His performance in the debate and his attacks on Mulroney and the FTA, where he accused the Progressive Conservative Prime Minister of selling Canada out with one signature of a pen, raised his poll numbers, and soon the Liberals were hoping for a majority. This prompted the Progressive Conservatives to stop the relatively calm campaign they had been running, and go with Allan Gregg's suggestion of "bombing the bridge" that joined anti-FTA voters and the Liberals; Turner's backbone. The ads focused on Turner's leadership struggles, and combined with over $6 million in pro-FTA ads, stopped Turner's momentum. Also not helping the Liberals was that the NDP had opposed the FTA as well (though not as vocally); this likely resulted in vote-splitting between the opposition parties. Although most Canadians voted for parties opposed to free trade, the Tories were returned with a majority government, and implemented the deal.
The Liberals more than doubled their representation to 83 seats, and kept their role as the Official Opposition; the NDP had also made gains but finished a distant third with 43 seats. The Progressive Conservatives won a reduced majority government with 169 seats.
The election loss seemed to confirm Turner's fate; he announced he was standing down from the party leadership in May 1989, officially resigning in June 1990. Turner resigned as Official Opposition leader, while still holding the Liberal leadership, so Herb Gray became the caucus leader in the interim. Chrétien won that year's leadership convention over Paul Martin. Although not officially endorsed by Turner himself, Martin was widely the favourite of Turner's supporters.
Turner continued to represent Vancouver Quadra in the House of Commons before retiring from politics in the 1993 election.
After politics
In 1990, Turner returned to practising law, this time working for Miller Thomson LLP, while he continued serving as an MP for another three years. He eventually became head of the firm’s scholarships program. Turner was also a board member for several corporations.
Turner, accompanied by his former aide and longtime friend Marc Kealey, was a member of the Canadian delegation that monitored the runoff vote in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election.
Turner voiced his support for the Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, an organization which campaigns for democratic reformation of the United Nations, and the creation of a more accountable international political system.
In 2017, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society. Turner lived in the Deer Park neighbourhood of Toronto.
Death and state funeral
Turner died on September 19, 2020, at age 91, from congestive heart failure. A state funeral was held for Turner on October 6, 2020, at St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica in Toronto. The ceremony was scaled back due to the COVID-19 pandemic with masking and social distancing protocols in place and attendance to be limited to 160 guests with no lying in state being possible. Turner was buried in a private service at Mount Pleasant Cemetery. Turner and Mackenzie King are two former Prime Ministers interred at Mount Pleasant.
Ribbon Description Notes Companion of the Order of Canada (C.C.)
Awarded on October 19, 1994
Invested on May 3, 1995 Centennial Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal 1967
As a Minister of the Crown and an elected Member of the House of Commons of Canada, the then Honourable John Turner would be awarded the medal as a member of the Canadian order of precedence. Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal for Canada 1977
As a Minister of the Crown and an elected Member of the House of Commons of Canada, the then Honourable John Turner would be awarded the medal as a member of the Canadian order of precedence. 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal 1992
As a former Prime Minister of Canada and a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, the Right Honourable John Turner would be awarded the medal as a member of the Canadian order of precedence. Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal for Canada 2002
As a former Prime Minister of Canada a Companion of the Order of Canada and a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada the Right Honourable John Turner would be awarded the medal as a member of the Canadian order of precedence. Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal for Canada 2012
As a former Prime Minister of Canada a Companion of the Order of Canada and a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada the Right Honourable John Turner would be awarded the medal as a member of the Canadian order of precedence.
According to Canadian protocol, as a former prime minister, he was styled The Right Honourable for life.
Turner was ranked 18th out of the first 20 Prime Ministers of Canada (through Jean Chrétien) by a survey of Canadian historians in 1999. The survey was used in the book Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders by J. L. Granatstein and Norman Hillmer.
Turner was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada on October 19, 1994, and was invested on May 3, 1995. His citation reads: He became Canada's seventeenth Prime Minister, crowning a distinguished parliamentary career during which he held several key Cabinet portfolios. Parallel to his political life, he has been a respected member of the law profession and supporter of many charitable organizations, in particular Mount Sinai Hospital and the Community Foundation of Toronto. His passion for his country is admired by all Canadians.
Honorary degrees
Location Date School Degree October 1968 University of New Brunswick Doctor of Laws (LL.D) Spring 1968 York University Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 1980 Mount Allison University Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) November 24, 1994 University of British Columbia Doctor of Laws (LL.D) June 1996 University of Toronto Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 2002 Assumption University Doctor of Laws (LL.D)
See also
List of prime ministers of Canada
Further reading
Archives
|
Clark Warburton
|
[
"20th-century American economists",
"American macroeconomists",
"Monetary economists",
"Monetarists",
"Cornell University alumni",
"Columbia University alumni",
"1896 births",
"1979 deaths"
] | 1,245 | 10,537 |
Clark Warburton (27 January 1896, near Buffalo, New York – 18 September 1979, Fairfax, Virginia) was an American economist. He was described as the "first monetarist of the post-World War II period," the most uncompromising upholder of a strictly monetary theory of business fluctuations, and reviver of classic monetary-disequilibrium theory and the quantity theory of money.
Life and works
Warburton received bachelor's and master's degrees from Cornell University after military service overseas during World War I. From the 1920s to the early 1930s, he held teaching positions in India and the United States. He received a Ph.D. degree at Columbia University in 1932. There his interest had shifted from history to economics while attending lectures of Wesley C. Mitchell. His dissertation was published as The Economic Results of Prohibition. From 1932 to 1934, he worked at the Brookings Institution. In 1934 he joined the newly formed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. He subsequently became chief economist there, retiring from that position in 1965. He continued to publish research on substantive and historical monetary economics thereafter.
In the period from 1945, Warburton was a critic of Keynesian theory when the latter was "crowding out interest in money." He made his case in a series of papers, most of them empirically oriented. He compiled and constructed quarterly data for the U.S. in the 1918–47 period, which showed that deviations in the money supply and bank reserves from trend preceded in the same direction business-cycle turning points of successively final output sold, output, prices, and the velocity of money. He extended such results to 1965 some 20 years later.
In examining longer periods of time (decades) for 1799–1939 and annual data from 1909 to 1947, he found that velocity adjusted for trend and production capacity was relatively stable in peace time, despite extreme monetary volatility and that changes in the quantity of money were the "overwhelmingly dominant factor" responsible for changes in the price level, consistent with the quantity theory of money.
These findings supported Warburton's contentions that:
instability of the money supply was a major source of business fluctuations, including the Great Depression, not merely an intensifying factor
stability of monetary policy was key to macroeconomic stability.
In 1966, a collection of 19 of his papers was published.
Warburton's Influence on Milton Friedman's Views on Money
In the early 1950s, Warburton exerted an important impact on the development of Milton Friedman's views on money. At that time Warburton sharply criticized Friedman's then-existing monetary framework. In this connection, Warburton convinced Friedman that the Federal Reserve had caused the Great Depression and that a money supply growth rate rule would have averted the Depression had the Federal Reserve followed such a rule. During the next decade Friedman became the leading advocate of the view that the Federal Reserve caused the Great Depression and he adopted a money supply growth rate rule as his main monetary policy platform.
Selected publications
1932a, 1968. The Economic Results of Prohibition. AMS Press.
1932b. "Prohibition and Economic Welfare," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 163, Prohibition: A National Experiment, .
1934. America's Capacity to Consume (with Maurice Leven and Harold G. Moulton), Brookings Institution.
1937. "Accounting Methodology in the Measurement of National Income," Studies in Income and Wealth, 1, Pt. 2, .
1945b. "The Monetary Theory of Deficit Spending," Review of Economics and Statistics, 27(2), .
1945d. "Monetary Policy in the United States in World War II," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 4(3), .
1948a. "Monetary Velocity and Monetary Policy," Review of Economics and Statistics, 30(4), .
1949b. "Monetary Policy and Business Forecasting," Journal of Business, 22(2, 3), parts I and II, .
1950a. "Monetary Velocity and the Rate of Interest," Review of Economics and Statistics, 32(3), pp. 256–57.
1950b. "The Monetary Disequilibrium Hypothesis, The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 10(1), .
1950c. "Co-Ordination of Monetary, Bank Supervisory, and Loan Agencies of the Federal Government ," Journal of Finance, 5(2), .
1952a. "A Hedge against Inflation," Political Science Quarterly, 67(1), .
1952b "How Much Variation in the Quantity of Money Is Needed?" Southern Economic Journal, 18(4), .
1953a "Money and Business Fluctuations in the Schumpeterian System," Journal of Political Economy, 61(6), .
1953b "Rules and Implements for Monetary Policy," Journal of Finance, 8(1), .
1958. "Variations in Economic Growth and Banking Developments in the United States From 1835 to 1885," Journal of Economic History, 18(3), .
1965. "Maintaining Prosperity and Achieving Its Equitable Distribution," Southern Economic Journal, 31(4), . Presidential address of the Southern Economic Association.
1981. "Monetary Disequilibrium Theory in the First Half of the Twentieth Century," History of Political Economy, 13(2), .
References
Thomas M. Humphrey, 1971. "Role of Non-Chicago Economists in the Evolution of the Quantity Theory in America 1930–1950." Southern Economic Journal, 38(1),.
Leland B. Yeager, 1981. "Clark Warburton, 1896–1979," History of Political Economy, 13(2), .
|
Blair Corporation
|
[
"Mail-order retailers",
"Online retailers of the United States",
"Clothing brands of the United States",
"Companies based in Warren County, Pennsylvania",
"Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2011",
"Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020",
"Retail companies established in 1910",
"American companies established in 1910",
"1910 establishments in Pennsylvania",
"Warren, Pennsylvania"
] | 1,180 | 10,838 |
Blair Corporation is one of America's largest direct marketing mail order retailers, selling clothing and household goods. Founded in 1910 as the New Process Company by John Leo Blair, the company celebrated its 100th year in business in 2010. The company is well known for its retail catalogs, which are sent to millions of customers in the United States. While most business is done through mail-order, phone, or online, Blair also maintains retail stores in Warren and Grove City, Pennsylvania, where it is based. Blair employs around 1200 associates.
Company history
Blair was founded in 1910 by John L. Blair, who originally took up an offer to sell raincoats. After several unsuccessful attempts at selling the coats, he was asked by an undertaker if he had any attractive black raincoats. He didn't, but it gave him an idea.
The idea John had was to take advantage of the relatively new process of rubber vulcanization to adhere an attractive black wool fabric to the outside of a rubber raincoat, with an inner lining of a Scottish plaid. His classmate agreed to begin producing just such a coat and supplied him initially with 1200 coats, which were purchased almost immediately. He actually had to send out letters of apology until new coats could be produced. Samples of his letters from as early as 1910 still exist.
With the help of his father and siblings, John mailed 10,000 letters to undertakers across America and the coat quickly saturated the market. He expanded with letters to ministers and businessmen, and he also expanded his product line. For the first few years his business was known as New Process Rubber Company, and by 1916 it was changed to New Process Company.
New Process Company went public in 1924. By the mid-1980s, New Process was also said to be the largest publicly held direct-marketer of clothing and home products in the United States, and also had the oldest continually traded stock on the American Stock Exchange. Murray McComas, CEO at that time, appeared in a filmed interview on the floor of the America Stock Exchange to discuss the unique position New Process Company found itself in. In 1989, the name of the company was changed to Blair.
The company continued to grow. According to the Pittsburgh Press, in 1989, Blair had capabilities to process 100,000 orders per day, and was shipping as many as 75,000 packages a day. It had sales in 1988 of US$414 million, US$506.8 million in 1998, and US$420 million in 2007. Blair had 15 million Americans on its mailing list.
Continued growth
In the mid-2000s, Blair began to struggle with declining sales, due to the recession in the economy. In 2007, Blair shareholders approved a merger deal with Appleseed's (later renamed Orchard Brands), a subsidiary of Golden Gate Capital Partners. Orchard Brands is a holding of several different catalog retailers who target the same market. Under the leadership of Orchard Brands, Blair has seen re-organization and increased efficiency, as well as growth as Blair facilities are being expanded to handle orders from other Orchard Brand companies. Blair's modern distribution center is being used to ship not only Blair orders, but orders for some sister companies as well. The call center operations have been expanded as well, to handle orders from those companies. After the merger, it was announced that 500 new jobs would be created in the region, due to the expansion at the Blair facilities. In 2007, Blair was ranked the 118th largest internet retailer by InternetRetailer.com. In 2010, Blair president and CEO Shelley Nandkeolyar announced his resignation, and he was followed by Dave Matthews, who served as interim CEO. It was also announced that Blair, as part of Orchard brands, was the 59th largest internet retailer. In April 2010, Dave Walde was announced as the new Blair CEO. Previously, Walde had served as the chief financial officer for Orchard Brands. In 2011, Orchard Brands went through a bankruptcy; it exited under the control of debtholders, including American Capital. Orchard Brands had sales of US$ 1.02 billion in 2014.
On May 27, 2015, Orchard Brands announced it was being acquired by Capmark Financial to be another business within the Bluestem Brands retail business. Bluestem also owns Fingerhut.
In February 2018, Chris Wilson was named President of Orchard Brands with responsibility for the 11 brands that make up the portfolio.
On March 9, 2020, the company's parent Bluestem Brands, Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware.
|
HGC Global Communications
|
[
"Internet service providers of Hong Kong",
"Former CK Hutchison Holdings subsidiaries",
"Companies formerly listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange",
"Privately held companies of Hong Kong"
] | 763 | 8,093 |
HGC Global Communications Limited, formerly known as Hutchison Global Communications Limited (abb. HGC), is an internet service provider of Hong Kong. In the past it was part of Hutchison Telecommunications (Hong Kong), itself part of a mega-conglomerate CK Hutchison Holdings. Hutchison Global Communications was a listed company, via its parent company Hutchison Global Communications Holdings from 2004 to 2005.
In July 2017, Hutchison sold HGC to a private equity fund Asia Cube Global.
History
Hutchison Global Communications (HGC) was a major investor in the fibre-optic networks of Hong Kong. In 2003, the year of deregulation of the market of telecommunication of Hong Kong, HGC was one of the competitor of PCCW, the dominant operator at that time, which PCCW was majority owned by Richard Li, the younger son of the chairman of Hutchison Whampoa, Li Ka-shing. HGC became a joint venture of Hutchison Whampoa and Global Crossing from 2000 to 2002.
In 2004, a Bermuda incorporated, Hong Kong listed company, acquired HGC as part of a backdoor listing. The Bermuda company was renamed into Hutchison Global Communications Holdings (former ticker symbol SEHK:757). However, it was privatized by Hutchison Telecommunications International (a listed company of Cheung Kong–Hutchison group) in 2005. A scandal was also exposed in the same year, which Vanda Systems & Communications Holdings, already an associate company of the mega-conglomerate Cheung Kong Holdings–Hutchison Whampoa in 2000, was involved in insider trading.
In 2009 another listed company Hutchison Telecommunications Hong Kong Holdings was formed by the spin-off of some assets of Hutchison Telecommunications International, floating Hutchison Global Communications and Macau sister companies as a separate listed company.
After the ultimate listed parent companies of the group, Cheung Kong and Hutchison merged to form CK Hutchison Holdings and CK Asset Holdings in 2015, HGC was sold to independent third parties Asia Cube Global in July 2017. The parent company of Asia Cube Global was a private equity fund. In turn the fund was managed by I Squared Capital. Financial Times described the disinvestment was "come after several similar divestments by tycoon families in Hong Kong." It was previously rumoured to sell to the same buyer of WTT HK in June 2017.
|
Matching funds
|
[
"Charity in the United States",
"Grants (money)",
"Charity fundraising",
"Giving",
"Funds"
] | 2,154 | 18,628 |
Matching funds are funds that are set to be paid in proportion to funds available from other sources. Matching fund payments usually arise in situations of charity or public good. The terms cost sharing, in-kind, and matching can be used interchangeably but refer to different types of donations.
Concept
In philanthropic giving, foundations and corporations often give money to non-profit entities in the form of a matching gift. Corporate matches often take the form of employee matching gifts, which means that if an employee donates to a nonprofit, the employee's corporation will donate money to the same nonprofit according to a predetermined match ratio (usually 1:1). For foundations, a matching gift is a grant made directly to a nonprofit on the condition that the nonprofit raises a set quantity of money before the grant is bestowed.
The benefit of foundation matching grants is that they provide greater incentive leverage when a nonprofit is fundraising from its constituency. If a foundation approves a 1:1 matching grant, donors know that their dollars will be doubled. On the other side, foundations who give matching grants receive assurance of the nonprofit's capacity to raise adequate funds.
Some companies facilitate the process, allowing employers to match the gifts of more than 18 million individual employees across the United States. A matching gift, typically a one-time charitable gift made by an employee and matched by the employer, should not be confused with an employer matching program, which has to do with the employee's 401(k) plan and retirement.
History
Dr. Booker T. Washington, a famous African-American educator, had a long-time friendship with millionaire industrialist Henry H. Rogers, who provided him with substantial amounts of money to be applied for the betterment and education of black Americans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Washington wrote that Rogers had encouraged projects with at least partial matching funds so that two ends were accomplished:
The gifts would help fund even greater work.
Recipients would have a stake in knowing that they were helping themselves by their own hard work and sacrifice.
Julius Rosenwald and the Rosenwald Fund continued and expanded the work, eventually funding over 5,000 Rosenwald Schools between 1912 and 1932. During that time, over US$4.6 million additional dollars were contributed by blacks in the communities to respond to the challenge thus presented.
In 1954, the General Electric Foundation created the Corporate Alumni Program to match donations to the colleges and universities from which its employees had graduated. This eventually broadened to other charities. The foundation is one of the most generous, with a $5,000 match per employee per year, totaling more than $18 million in 2019.
United States
In 2019, corporations donated $21 billion to nonprofit organizations. This was a 13.4% increase over 2018 corporate giving levels. In 2021, over 65% of Fortune 500 companies offered an employee matching gift program with an estimated $2-3 billion donate through these programs each year.
Canada
In Canada, corporate donate an estimated $3 billion to nonprofit organizations per year through corporate sponsorships, donations, and grants. Matching funds from corporations are available to more than 480,000 individuals in Canada who work for Canada's largest companies like Royal Bank of Canada, Deluxe Canada, and Sun Life Financial.
United Kingdom
In the UK, a not-for-profit organisation, the Big Give, have used match funding to raise over £160m for thousands of different charitable projects. The match funding is provided by a network of philanthropists and funders, called 'Champions'. Research commissioned by the Big Give shows that more people give when donations are matched (84% of surveyed respondents said they would be more likely to give if donation was matched) and people give more (one in three donors said they would give more than they usually would if do).
Government projects
In the United States, many projects in the various states and communities are partially funded with federal grants with a requirement for matching funds. For example, the Interstate Highway System was primarily built with a mix of 90% FHWA funds from the Highway Trust Fund and 10% matching state DOT funds. In some cases, borrowed money may be used to meet criteria for a matching grant; the $550 million Canadian federal government investment to connect a Detroit River International Crossing to Interstate 75 in Michigan qualified the state for US$2 billion in US federal matching grants that could rebuild other Michigan highways even though the Canadian money was nominally a loan, to be repaid by tolls on the new bridge.
Government grants
US federal matching grants have also funded historic preservation initiatives; a local historic property may be able to seek a 1:1 federal matching grant for specific capital projects, such as restoration of structures on the National Register of Historic Places.
Political contributions
Federal funds for presidential candidates (US)
In American politics, the term refers to the money a presidential candidate is given by the federal government to match the money they have raised personally. Candidates can expect up to US$250 extra from public funds for each contribution from an individual they receive.
That usually applies to the two main parties; as in order for a candidate to gain the benefits of matching funds, they must raise $5,000 from 20 states during the primaries or have received 5% of the popular vote in the general election. Pat Buchanan, running as the Reform Party candidate in 2000, received matching funds despite winning only 0.4% of the vote.
The source of the funds comes from a $3 voluntary checkoff on the US Income tax form. The program was established by the 1971 Federal Election Campaign Act. The law also "established overall spending limits for eligibility to receive matching funds, and provided for public funding of major party candidates in the general election for president".
The effect that these have on the candidates for presidential campaigns is to strengthen the role that the party plays in raising money.
Former New Mexico Governor Gary Johnson, the Libertarian Party candidate for president, qualified for federal matching funds in the 2012 US presidential election.
State funds for state and local candidates (US)
Prior to a 2011 Supreme Court decision, states like Arizona, Maine, New Mexico, North Carolina, and Wisconsin were using a system that distributed "additional funding to publicly financed candidates when they face big-spending opponents or opposition groups". The combined cases, Arizona Free Enterprise Fund v. Bennett (2011) and McComish v. Bennett (2011), held that "the law impermissibly forces private candidates and independent political organizations to either restrain their spending or risk triggering matching funds to their publicly financed opponents".
An alternative is a program like New York City's public financing model: public funds are used to multiply the impact of small donors. The program is administered by the New York City Campaign Finance Board, which has avoided partisan divisions. The programs work by making each contribution worth more than their current value, thereby increasing the proportional impact of the contribution. In New York City, for example, a $6-to-$1 program means that "small dollar donors constitute the vast majority of spending in New York City elections, representing 73% of all contributions in 2013 and 80% specifically to City Council race". A report by the Brennan Center found that "by pumping up the value of small contributions, the New York City system gives [candidates] an incentive to reach out to their own constituents rather than focusing all their attention on wealthy out-of-district donors, leading them to attract more diverse donors into the political process".
Programs of this type incentivize candidates to "fuse fundraising with voter outreach" and incentivize political engagement by communities that can afford only modest contributions. Candidates may then have more an incentive to reach out to their constituents rather than devoting their energy to financing their campaigns. The Election Law Journal found that matching funds through a multiplier has increased the proportional role of small donors as well as the number of small donors. The programs have also helped to shift the demographic and class profile of those who give. Finally, besides diluting the power of major givers, these programs led candidates to reach out and engage a more representative set of constituents during fundraising.
There is some dispute regarding the impact of matching funds programs like the one implemented in New York City. For example, "after implementing the public matching funds program in NYC, [the] most recent mayoral election of 2009 witnessed the lowest voter turnout it's had since the 1960s".
Others argue that the matching funds system benefits candidates with higher name recognition, especially if they are tied to a measure of popular support. Some have suggested that public funding actually has a negative effect on the perceptions the public has of the government, perhaps because public funding programs do not meet "the expectations set by reformers".
Private matching of contributions
When campaigns say they will match political contributions, it is not clear how they can legally do that, given campaign contribution limits. Matching does not show up on Federal Election Commission reports, because each individual donor is listed separately with only the total dollar amount given for the donor. Campaign finance attorneys have said there is nothing in election law that prohibits campaigns from making false claims about their matching donor schemes. Some experts have said that the claims of matching funds are outright lies. It is a "marketing gimmick", Richard Hasen, an election law professor at the University of California-Irvine, said in 2013.
See also
Corporate donations
Payroll giving
Volunteer grant
|
List of South Australian manufacturing businesses
|
[
"South Australia-related lists",
"Economy of South Australia",
"Economy of Australia-related lists",
"Manufacturing companies of Australia",
"Lists of companies of Australia"
] | 856 | 7,036 |
A list of manufacturing companies founded in South Australia, many now forgotten but "household names" in their day. It does not include local affiliates of multinational companies, such as General Motors Holden, Kelvinator and Philips Electrical Industries. Nor does it (yet) include food and beverage companies such as AMSCOL, Chapmans, Coopers, Glen Ewin and Haighs or pharmaceuticals and toiletries such as Bickfords, Cromptons and Fauldings.
BusinessName Founded Ceased Founder/s Factory address SA-manufactured products Notes Actil 1941 cotton fabricbed sheets for Australian Cotton Textile Industries Ltd. Bagshaw Ltd. farm machinery, inc. Ridley's "stripper" Castalloy 1948 aluminium alloy castingspressure cookersalloy wheels Clipsal 1920 electrical conduit fittingsmains plugs and socketsswitchgear Coldstream 1926 refrigerators Dobbie Dico 1862 brass castingswater meters Entech Group19867 Marlow Road, KeswickPCB's, membrane keypads, electronic products Griffin Press 1858 contract printers subsidiary of Advertiser Ltd. Hills Industries 1948 Hills hoists TV antennae Horwood Bagshaw farm machinery Humes concrete pipes James Martin & Co farm machineryrailway engines K.B.C. c. 1947? die-cast parts for auto makershand-operated clothes wringerpistol drills (240VAC and 32VDC models)domestic food mixers for Kenneth Bowes Co. Lightburn & Co washing machineshydraulic jacksconcrete mixersZeta cars May Brothers and Company (John) Frederick May mining machineryfarm machinery Metters 1895? windpumpswood stovesgas stovesbakers' ovens Minelab metal detectors Perry Engineering 1899 1969 railway engines Pope Products 1935 garden sprinklerswashing machineselectric motors Rossi Boots 1910 now Churchill Road, Kilburn boots and shoes for Rossiters Ltd. Sabco 1892 brooms and brushes for South Australian Brush Co. Scott Bonnar & Co 1920 Malcolm Cornelius Bonnar brass castingselectric lawnmowershand mowers Simpson 1853 (later) Simpson Ave., Dudley Park tinwarewood stovesgas stovesfireproof safeswashing machines Sola Optical spectacle lenses Solver Paints 1931 house paints Sportco .22 rifles for Sporting Arms Ltd. Wakefield Press 1942 books, esp. academic and SA history Wallis Refrigeration 1935 kerosine refrigeratorselectric refrigerators Mistral Appliances1968airfryers
kitchen appliances
cooling systemsGerard LightingSimon Gerardlighting appliances
|
Alf Bjørseth
|
[
"1941 births",
"Living people",
"Scientists from Oslo",
"Norwegian chemists",
"University of Oslo alumni",
"Businesspeople from Oslo",
"Norsk Hydro people",
"Businesspeople in energy",
"People associated with solar power",
"Norwegian energy industry businesspeople",
"Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters",
"Members of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences"
] | 253 | 2,202 |
Alf Bjørseth (born 24 November 1941) is a Norwegian chemist and businessperson in the energy sector.
He hails from Gamle Oslo. After finishing his secondary education in 1960, he took the cand.real. degree at the University of Oslo in 1969. He was subsequently employed at SI and took his dr.philos. degree in 1979.
After spending the years 1980 to 1982 as research director at SI, he started a career in the industry sector. He was vice executive of Deminex from 1982 to 1984, director of research at Norsk Hydro from 1984 to 1990 and director of technology at Elkem from 1990 to 1994. In 1994 he founded the company ScanWafer, later REC. In 2005 he founded Norsun, then sold his shares in REC, and founded Scatec.
Bjørseth was decorated with Norwegian Chemical Society's Guldberg and Waage Medal in 2003 and became Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 2006. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.
|
Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company of New York
|
[
"1911 establishments in New York City",
"Banks established in 1911",
"Banks disestablished in 1932",
"Banks based in New York City",
"History of New York City",
"Defunct banks of the United States",
"1932 disestablishments in New York (state)",
"JPMorgan Chase"
] | 3,292 | 26,360 |
The Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company was a bank in New York City connected with the Chatham Phenix Corporation. Its predecessor Chatham and Phenix National Bank was formed in 1911 when Chatham National Bank paid $1,880,000 to absorb the asset of the Phenix National Bank. The bank grew significantly as it absorbed smaller banking institutions, such as Mutual Alliance Trust Company and Century Bank in 1915, at which point Chatham and Phenix National Bank became the "first national bank to operate branches in the same city with the main bank."
Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company of New York was organized in 1925 with resources of around $300,000,000. At the time of its formation, it was one of the ten largest banks in the United States. In 1932, the company merged with the Manufacturers Trust.
History
Phenix Bank and Chatham Bank
Phenix Bank was established in 1812 as the banking division of the New York Manufacturing Company, which made cotton looms and supplies. As the banking division initially focused on selling wire, it was named Wire Bank, becoming an independent institution in 1817 under the name Phenix Bank, with headquarters at 24 Wall Street. In 1894, the Lombard & Ayres company of New York was worth $1,000,000, and the majority of its assets were kept in the Phenix National Bank in London, where Josiah Lombard was the director.
The Chatham Bank was established in 1850. On August 14, 1910, it was reported that George M. Hard had resigned as president of Chatham National Bank after fifty years with the bank, and had been elected chairman by the board.
Shortly after becoming a member of the Chatham board, after Hard, Louis Graveraet Kaufman became the president of Chatham National Bank of New York, although only after receiving special dispensation allowing him to remain president of First National Bank of Marquette. When Kaufman became president of Chatham, the bank's deposits were about $7,000,000.
1911: Merger of Phenix and Chatham
In 1911, Chatham National Bank of New York's president brought about a merger with Chatham National Bank of New York and Phenix National. In the early 1911 deal, Chatham National paid $1,880,000 to absorb the asset of the Phenix National Bank, creating Chatham and Phenix National. Deposits of the two banks as of January 7, 1911 was $17,957,209. The New York Times wrote that the Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company was helped to be started by "J. Pierpont Morgan, the renowned American financier." At one point, the Astor and Goelet estates were identified with the institution.
1915-1924: Acquisitions and branches
In 1915, Century Bank was absorbed, as well as its branches, and Chatham National Bank became the first national bank to operate branches in the same city with the main bank. In January 1915, there were negotiations for Chatham and Phenix National to buy and liquidate the Mutual Alliance Trust Company in its entirety. Chatham and Phenix Officers at the time included George M. Hard as chairman, Louis G. Kaufman as president, and three vice presidents. The merger was completed on January 14, 1915. The value of the merged institutions was $32,000,000. At the time, Kaufman was president of the Chatham, with Kaufman putting the deal through. In July 1915, the bank was in talks to potentially become a state institution. As of December 31, 1915, Chatham-Phenix was third in the United States for most profit earned on capital stock. By the end of 1916, the bank had deposits of about $86 million. At the time, Chatham and Phenix was "the only national branch which operates local branches, of which it has twelve," reported the Times. The bank moved into the Singer Building on December 30, 1916. On July 3, 1917, Chatham & Phenix National Bank and other institutions donated Red Cross dividends to the Red Cross War Finance Committee.
In January 1921, the Times reported that the Chatham and Phenix Nation Bank was "one of the few institutions in New York which enjoyed an increase in deposits during the year just ended." Also, the bank was one of the "few members of the Federal Reserve Bank which finished the year with no debt to that Bank, either bills payable or rediscounts." On November 7, 1921, Chatham and Phenix announced it had purchased New York County National Bank, to become a twelfth branch of the larger company. At the time, Chatham and Phenix had deposits of around $163,000,000. As of March 9, 1921, Chatham and Phenix National was one of four national banks in New York City operating branch offices, also including the Mechanics and Metals National, the Irving National, and National City Bank. Chatham and Phenix National Bank was one of 12 to support the Woodrow Wilson Foundation in January 1922, by accepting donations to establish an annual prize for "meritorious public service." As of March 10, 1922, deposits at the bank were $145,104,322, up from December 31, 1921 deposits of $141,741,371. In March total resources were placed at $176,614,626.
1925-1931: Addition of Trust Co. of New York
Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company of New York was organized in 1925 with resources of around $300,000,000 after it merged with Metropolitan Trust Company of New York, which had been founded in 1881. At the time of its formation, it was one of the ten largest banks in the United States.
On June 15, 1928, financier Louis L. Horch arranged for the American Bond and Mortgage Company to underwrite a bond of $1,925,000 to cover costs of the Master Apartments. The bonds were 6% Guaranteed Sinking Fund Gold Bond Certificates held under a trust mortgage with the Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company. In 1929, Kaufman was made chairman of the Chatham Phenix Allied Corporation, an "investment concern of $50,000,000 capital."
1932: Merger with Manufacturers Trust
In 1932, the Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company merged with the Manufacturers Trust, which had been formed in Brooklyn in 1914. Kaufman became chairman of the executive committee of the new organization, resigning the same year. By the time Kaufman retired in 1932, the bank had increased 50-fold in size from its formation in 1911. On March 21, 1934, Chatham-Phenix National Bank served as a trustee in the receivership of the American Fuel and Power Company. In May 1935, an employee won a judgement against the Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company and the Chatham Phenix Corporation, after a stock sales offer Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company made in August 1929 to its employees was deemed "sales talk."
In 1961, the Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company was formed through the merger of Manufacturers Trust and Hanover Bank. The New York Times wrote that "Manufacturers Trust had its beginnings in the Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company... and the Manufacturers Trust Company, which was founded in Brooklyn in 1853 as the Manufacturers National Bank."
Directors
As of early 1915, directors included Louis G. Kaufman, P. S. du Pont, August Belmont Jr., Edward Shearson, Edward E. Loomis, Elbert H. Garry, Frederick D. Underwood, John Ringling, and Daniel J. Carroll. The others at the time included Harden L. Crawford, Desmond Dunne, Ellis P. Earle, O. G. Fessenden, John H. Hansen, Horace E. Andrews, Frank J. Heaney, Parmely W. Herrick, Richard H. Higgins, H. Stuart Hotchkiss, William A. Law, Frank R. Lawrence, Waldo H. Marshall, Henry F. Shoemaker, Charles A. Starbuck, Sanford H. Steele, Albert A. Tilney, John D. Vermeule, and Samuel Weil.
Buildings and branch locations
The original Chatham and Phenix building was at 192 Broadway in Manhattan. By 1916, the Chatham and Phenix National Bank had been headquartered at Broadway and John Street for close to fifty years. At the end of December 1916, the bank moved into the Singer Building, a floor-space increase of . The final move was made on December 30, 1916, out of the John Street building for several hundred employees and officers and into what the Times described as "one of the largest and finest banking rooms in the city," fitted at a cost of $300,000 into what the Times described as "offices with the most modern equipment."
By the end of 1916, the bank was "the only national branch which operates local branches, of which it has twelve," reported the Times. In 1917, the theater at 205 East 57th Street in Manhattan was remodeled by Chatham and Phenix National Bank and joined to the Third Avenue building. Finished in 1918, the new bank was designed by architects Mowbray & Uffinger, bank specialists who had also designed the 1908 Dime Savings Bank building. The building was turned back into a theater in 1933, after Chatham and Phenix Bank was acquired by the Manufacturers Trust Company the year prior. In November 1919, the bank signed a lease for the store and part of the basement at 434-438 Broadway, with the lease running until October 31, 1940. In April 1920, it was reported that the Bowery branch of the bank would move to a new $500,000 location at Bowery and Grand Street." In August 1921, the Times reported that Chatham and Phenix National Bank would pay "approximately $1,000,000 in rentals during the next forty-two years" for the corner store ad part of the basement of a new building at the "southwest corner of Seventh Avenue and Thirty-ninth Street."
The Chatham and Phenix Building was located at 67 West 125th Street. As of February 1922, the building was being used as well for meetings by organizations such as the Harlem Property Owners' Association. As of 1965, the Chatham-Phenix Building at 29-28 41 Avenue in Long Island City remained open to tenants.
See also
List of banks
List of bank mergers in the United States
Banking in the United States
Economy of New York City
List of banks in the Americas
List of New York companies
References
Informational notes
|
Duncan Bannatyne
|
[
"1949 births",
"Living people",
"20th-century Royal Navy personnel",
"20th-century Scottish businesspeople",
"21st-century Scottish businesspeople",
"Labour Party (UK) donors",
"Officers of the Order of the British Empire",
"People educated at Clydebank High School",
"People from Clydebank",
"Royal Navy sailors",
"Scottish company founders",
"Scottish Eurosceptics",
"Scottish non-fiction writers",
"Scottish philanthropists",
"Scottish television personalities",
"Dragons' Den"
] | 2,313 | 21,513 |
Duncan Walker Bannatyne, (born 2 February 1949) is a Scottish entrepreneur, philanthropist, and author. His business interests include hotels, health clubs, spas, media, TV, and property. He is most famous for his appearance as a business angel on the BBC programme Dragons' Den. He was appointed an OBE for his contribution to charity. He has written seven books.
Early life
Bannatyne was born in Dalmuir, west of Glasgow. His father Bill had served in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in World War II and worked on the Burma Railway after being captured by the Japanese following the Fall of Singapore, he then worked in the foundry at the Clydebank Singer plant. As a child, he lived in one room with his parents and siblings in a large house shared with six other families.
He attended Dalmuir Primary School where he displayed a talent for arithmetic and won a place at Clydebank High School after passing the Eleven-plus exam. Most pupils owned a bicycle so he resolved to earn the money to buy one for himself. The local newsagent was not interested in employing him so she challenged him to find 100 new customers in return for a paper round. He called her bluff by returning with 100 names, but later reflected that it would have been more entrepreneurial to have sold the list. He only enjoyed PE and woodwork at the High School and left at 15 without any qualifications.
In 1964, after a few weeks working for a local cabinet-maker he joined the Royal Navy, initially enlisting for twelve years as a junior second class engineering mechanic (stoker) at RNTE Shotley near Ipswich, better known as the boys' training establishment HMS Ganges. He served in the Navy for several years including a spell on the aircraft carrier HMS Eagle, before throwing an officer off a boat landing jetty in Scotland and receiving a dishonourable discharge. In his autobiography he claims this was in part a reaction to this officer's abuse of his authority, in part a dare by his shipmates and in part a way of getting out of the Navy, with which he had become disillusioned. Bannatyne was nineteen when this happened. After the incident he had to serve nine months in Colchester military detention centre.
Career
Bannatyne spent his twenties moving from one job to another. Upon his return to Clydebank he trained as an agricultural vehicle fitter and then travelled around the country repairing tractors. He lived on the island of Jersey for four years from 1974 where he gained an HGV licence and earned a living through several jobs including deckchair attendant, ice cream seller and hospital porter. He also surfed, partied and met his first wife on the island. With Jersey's difficult business climate for outsiders, at age 29, Bannatyne and his wife moved to Stockton-on-Tees in North East England. He has stated that he was poor and did not have a bank account until the age of 30.
His business career began almost immediately after his move to Stockton-on-Tees with an ice cream van purchased for £450. He soon expanded by buying more vans during the period of the Glasgow Ice Cream Wars.
He sold the business for £28,000, founding a nursing home business called Quality Care Homes which he then sold for £26 million in 1997 and children's nursery chain Just Learning for £12 million. The Just Learning chief executive during the 1992–97 period was Michael Fallon while out of office as an MP.
Bannatyne then expanded into health clubs, with the Bannatyne Health Club & Spa chain to his name, and also hotels and property. He acquired 26 health clubs from Hilton Hotels in August 2006 at a price of £92 million. The Bannatyne Group is now the largest independent chain of health clubs in the United Kingdom with 69 sites. As of February 2025, Bannatyne has 69 health clubs, 45 spas and three hotels across the UK.
His wealth as of 2018, was estimated at £280 million by the Sunday Times Rich List.
Bannatyne has written seven books: Anyone Can Do It, Wake Up and Change Your Life, How to be Smart With Your Money, How to be Smart With Your Time, 43 Mistakes Businesses Make, 37 Questions Everyone in Business Needs to Answer, and Riding The Storm.
Television
From 2005 until 2015, Bannatyne was a Dragon on the BBC television series Dragons' Den. During his time on the show he invested in 36 businesses. He departed from the show following the twelfth series, alongside fellow Dragons Kelly Hoppen and Piers Linney, and they were replaced by Nick Jenkins, Touker Suleyman and Sarah Willingham.
In 2015, Bannatyne took part in the fifteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. His fee for taking part in the show was donated to the Operation Smile charity.
In 2020, Bannatyne took part in the BBC series The Real Marigold Hotel. He joined other celebrities including Britt Ekland, Henry Blofeld, John Altman, Susie Blake, and Barbara Dickson.
Charity works
Bannatyne received his OBE partly in recognition for his work with charities such as Mary's meals. He has funded several projects over a ten-year period in Romania, including Casa Bannatyne in Târgu-Mureş, a hospice for orphans with HIV and AIDS in which he invested £80,000. He established the Bannatyne Charitable Trust in March 2008.
On 19 May 2008, Bannatyne added his support to the launch of the Geared for Giving Campaign at the House of Commons to encourage UK business leaders to set up and promote a Workplace Giving scheme to benefit UK registered charities with tax effective donations through employees' pay. He then helped to promote Clydesdale Bank's and Yorkshire Bank's efforts to promote the programme through ATM (Automated Teller Machine) rolls. "They are really going for it, over 20 per cent of their employees are giving money through this system", Bannatyne says.
On 29 August 2008, Bannatyne appeared on television programme Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, raising £20,000 for charity NCH.
He became President of the charity No Smoking Day in October 2008. The charity runs the annual health awareness campaign – helping people who want to stop smoking. This followed on from him making a documentary about the ethics of British American Tobacco.
In August 2010, he agreed to become Patron of PC David Rathband's Blue Lamp Foundation, a charity established by the Northumbria Police Constable David Rathband, who was blinded by gunshot wounds in the 2010 Northumbria Police manhunt.
Political activity
Bannatyne supported the Conservative Party when Margaret Thatcher was its leader from 1975 to 1990, but defected to the Labour Party during the tenure of Tony Blair as its leader from 1994 to 2007. He continued to support Labour under Blair's successor Gordon Brown, who led Labour from 2007 to 2010. He also donated to Labour under Blair and voiced support for Brown, despite criticising Brown's ministry for being involved in what he described as "petty squabbles based on personal ambition".
In March 2011, Bannatyne appeared to defect back to the Conservatives when he supported certain measures imposed by Conservative chancellor George Osborne, even though he had mocked the Conservative government a few months earlier.
In April 2015, one week after signing a letter to The Daily Telegraph supporting the Conservatives in the upcoming general election, he reversed his position and pledged his vote to Labour due to Labour leader Ed Miliband's "courage" in promising to scrap non-domiciled tax status.
In June 2016, Bannatyne voted for Brexit in the 2016 referendum.
Personal life
Bannatyne resides in Portugal, where he married Nigora Whitehorn on 3 June 2017. Bannatyne has four children by his first wife, Gail (m. 1983): Hollie, Abigail, Jennifer and Eve; two with his second wife, Joanne (m. 2006): Emily (b. 1999) and Thomas (b. 2002). He has several grandchildren from his eldest daughter.
Bannatyne was awarded an honorary doctorate of science by Glasgow Caledonian University on 5 July 2006 for services to business and charity. He was also awarded an honorary doctorate of business administration from Teesside University, on 6 February 2009.
His 60th birthday was celebrated in London, with celebrities including David Coulthard, James Caan, Theo Paphitis, and Anna Ryder Richardson. A second party was held in the North East of England and was headlined by UK soul singer Beverley Knight and featured Chesney Hawkes, with the festivities occurring in a converted warehouse in Darlington, County Durham.
He openly discussed having had cosmetic surgery under his eyes on The Graham Norton Show; had an acting role in the Tyne Tees Television comedy pilot Girl's Club where amongst other actors, he performed alongside the actress Georgia Taylor. In 2011, he stated that he suffers from prosopagnosia, which makes it difficult to recognise familiar faces.
|
CSR Corporation Limited
|
[
"Companies formerly listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange",
"Companies formerly listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange",
"Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2007",
"Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 2015",
"Chinese brands",
"CRRC Group",
"Chinese companies established in 2007",
"Chinese companies disestablished in 2015",
"Defunct government-owned companies of China"
] | 2,145 | 20,199 |
CSR Corporation Limited (CSR), formerly known as China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock Corp was a Chinese manufacturer of locomotive and rolling stock.
In 2015, the company merged with China CNR to form CRRC.
In 2007 the China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock Corporation Limited (CSR) was formed. as a special purpose vehicle for potential initial public offering for the major assets of state-owned CSR Group. Some auxiliary assets were left in the group and remained unlisted.
The company's H shares were first traded on the Hong-Kong stock market on 21 August 2008, the company's A shares began trading on the 18 August 2008. The shares also began trading on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in August; $1.57 billion was raised in the share offers. A 40% stake in the company was offered in total on the two exchanges.
On 26 December 2011, CSR announced that it had successfully tested a super high speed train that was capable of traveling at 500 km/h.
In February 2014, CSR acquired the Argentine rolling stock manufacturer Emprendimientos Ferroviarios.
Merger
At the end of 2014 CSR and its rival CNR announced their intention to merge, with a 1:1 share swap; the resultant company (value ~$26billion) was to be named CRRC. The two companies formally merged on 1 June 2015.
Company structure and subsidiaries
At the time of the restructuring and share issue in 2008 the company had 20 subsidiaries:
Manufacturing and maintenance
CSR Chengdu Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co, refurbishment of locomotives and carriages, manufacture and repair of motors.
CSR Feb. 7th Rolling Stock Co., Ltd., manufacture and maintenance of freight wagons.
CSR Luoyang Locomotive Co, refurbishment of locomotives.
CSR Meishan Rolling Stock Co., Ltd., manufacture of freight wagons, brakes and castings.
CRRC Nanjing Puzhen, manufacture of carriages, multiple units and rapid transit vehicles.
CRRC Qishuyan, manufacture and maintenance of diesel locomotives
CSR Shijiazhuang Rolling Stock Co, maintenance of freight wagons, R&D of air-conditioning and refrigeration devices.
Shijiazhuang Guoxiang Transportation Equipment Co., Ltd., 60% owned subsidiary, joint enterprise with King Machinery (Taiwan) Co., Limited.
CSR Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd., Manufacture of carriages and multiple units, and auxiliary products. EMU and carriage maintenance. Renamed CSR Qingdao Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd, (CSR Sifang Co., Ltd.) on 29 December 2008.
CSR Sifang Rolling Stock Co., Ltd., maintenance and manufacture of carriages and multiple units.
CSR Yangtze Rolling Stock Co., Ltd., freight and refrigerated wagon manufacturing and maintenance, carriage and rapid transit vehicle maintenance, manufacture of axles, casting and other steel structures
CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co, R&D and manufacture of electric locomotives, multiple units and rapid transit vehicles, and electric motors, transformers and related products.
Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric Co, development and sale of traction and auxiliary electrical power equipment and urban rail control system.
CSR Ziyang Locomotive Co, R&D and manufacturing of diesel and electric locomotives, and diesel and gas powered engines and sub-components.
CSR Xiangfan Locomotive Co., Ltd., refurbishment of locomotives.
Emprendimientos Ferroviarios, the company's subsidiary in Argentina.
Research
CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd., R&D and manufacture of electric propulsion and control, suspension and noise reducing elements, polymer composites and insulators.
CSR Qishuyan Locomotive & Rolling Stock Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., R&D of mechanical transmissions, brakes, shock absorbers and manufacturing techniques.
Export and leasing
New Leap Transportation Equipment Investment & Leasing Co., Ltd., investment in, leasing, sale, and technical support of rail vehicles. (Renamed CSR Investment and Leasing on 2 December 2008)
Other
CSR (Hong Kong) Co. Ltd. based in Hong Kong was formed as 100% subsidiary in 2008.
Joint ventures
Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation, formed 1998, with CSR Sifang, 50% owned by Bombardier Transportation, design and manufacture of single and double deck passenger carriages and EMUs
Qingdao Sifang Kawasaki Rolling Stock Technology Co., Ltd., formed 2005, 50% owned by Kawasaki Heavy Industries (39%) and Itochu (11%), R&D and technical support for railway vehicles and import and export thereof.
Manufacturing and products
The main factories for the manufacture of locomotives are installed in Zhuzhou (electric locomotives), Ziyang, Luoyang, Xiangfan (diesel locomotives), Qishuyan, and Chengdu (the latter two also producing carriages). Carriages are built in factories in Nanjing, Zhuzhou, Beijing, Meishan, Wuchang, Tongling, Shijiazhuang, Wuhan and Guiyang. The company has two research institutes in Zhuzhou and Qishuyan.
Main models manufactured:
Electric locomotives:
Type TM1
Type KZ4A high-speed
Type DJ2 "Olympic star"
SS series, including SS3, SS4, SS6, SS8, SS9 and their varieties
AC4000 test bed
Type HXD1 "Harmony": Orders have been placed for 1710 units and production capacity has been increased to 800 units per year.
EMUs
High-speed train "China Star"
High-speed train "Central China Star"
Diesel locomotives
Qishuyan-built diesels for Guinea
Type DF4B, DF4C, DF4D and varieties
Type DF5B
Type DF8B and varieties
Type DF11 and DF11G for passenger trains
Type DF12 Shunter
Diesel-hydraulic locomotives DFH 3 and DFH 5
Yard shunters GK & GKD series, in several gauges ranging from 762 to 1435 mm.
DMUs
Type DDJ1
The firm also built subway trains, particularly for networks in Shanghai Metro and Beijing Subway.
In October 2008, China Southern Locomotive won a contract worth nearly $100 million from Kazakhstan, its third contract since entering that country's market in 2002.
CSR supplies diesel-multiple units to Sri Lanka Railways. In 2008, CSR began exporting short-haul DMUs to Sri Lanka, for use on commuter-rail services. As of 2011, long-haul units are currently on order.
CSR also won a contract worth $391 million from Turkey to produce 324 vehicles for the Ankara Metro. It is envisaged that 75 of the 324 wagons will have at least 30% domestically manufacturer content while the remaining wagons will have 51%.
On 22 October 2012, South Africa awarded a tender for 95 electric locomotives to CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive works. The plan is part of a R4 trillion (US$462 billion) infrastructure improvement project in the country.
In 2013, Argentine state-owned company Trenes Argentinos announced that CSR electric multiple units had been acquired for metropolitan services of Buenos Aires. That included 300 cars for Roca Line, and 709 cars for Sarmiento and Mitre lines.
Baghdad–Basra high-speed rail line
A joint venture between CSRC and Australian-based United Group manufactured MTR with 21 Phase IV LRV cars delivered in 2009.
Controversy
In June 2016 the CSR along with members of the Gupta family were accused of trying to improperly influence the awarding of a R51 billion (US$6 billion) 2012 contract for CSR to deliver 600 trains to the South African Passenger Rail Agency. It was later reported that the future South African Public Protector Busisiwe Mkhwebane was also allegedly implicated in the deal when she worked as Counselor Immigration and Civic Services in South Africa's embassy in China.
See also
List of locomotives in China
|
Ann Sarnoff
|
[
"1961 births",
"Living people",
"American business executives",
"Georgetown University alumni",
"Harvard Business School alumni",
"Dow Jones & Company people",
"Nickelodeon executives",
"Nickelodeon people",
"American women television executives",
"Warner Bros. people",
"PayPal people",
"21st-century American businesspeople",
"21st-century American non-fiction writers",
"21st-century American women writers",
"People from Wilbraham, Massachusetts",
"21st-century American businesswomen"
] | 1,723 | 22,143 |
Ann Marie Sarnoff (née Misiaszek; born c. 1961) is an American television executive. She became the chairwoman and CEO of Warner Bros. in the summer of 2019. Sarnoff was the first woman to hold the position at the company.
Early life and education
Sarnoff was born in Massachusetts. She is a 1979 graduate of Minnechaug Regional High School in Wilbraham, Massachusetts.
In 1983, Sarnoff received a Bachelor of Science degree in marketing from McDonough School of Business from Georgetown University. In 1987, Sarnoff received a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard Business School.
Career
Sarnoff started out as a strategic consultant at Marakon Associates.
From 1993 to 2003, Sarnoff worked at Viacom. Her first job at Viacom was in the corporate development department. After leaving corporate, Sarnoff was the head of Nickelodeon consumer products and business development during Geraldine Laybourne's leadership of the company. In 1999, while working at Nickelodeon, Sarnoff was part of a team that created the TV channel Noggin, a joint venture between Nickelodeon and Sesame Workshop. Sarnoff also helped create the television channel TV Land, which started as Nick at Nite's TV Land in 1996. Two shows she promoted were Rugrats and Blue's Clues. Sarnoff served as executive vice president of business strategy and program enterprises at VH1.
In 2001, she became chief operating officer of VH1 and Country Music Television, with the task of integrating the two channels. During her time at VH1, Sarnoff launched the TV channel, VH1 Classic.
In February 2004, Sarnoff was chief operating officer of the Women's National Basketball Association.
In 2006, Sarnoff joined Dow Jones Ventures as president and senior vice president of strategy, a position she held for four years. In this position, she ran the executive conference business for The Wall Street Journal.
From 2010 to 2015, Sarnoff was chief operating officer of BBC Worldwide North America, where she worked with Herb Scannell, who she had worked with at Nickelodeon. In August 2015, Sarnoff became president of BBC Studios Americas, formerly known as BBC Worldwide Americas. In 2015, she launched the subscription TV channel, BBC Earth, and promoted shows like Doctor Who, Top Gear, Dancing with the Stars, Sherlock, Orphan Black, and Killing Eve. From 2016 to 2018, Sarnoff was head of BBC Worldwide's Global Production Network. In 2017, she launched Britbox, a streaming service for North America.
In the summer of 2019, Sarnoff became the first woman CEO of Warner Bros, a subsidiary of WarnerMedia. Sarnoff succeeded Kevin Tsujihara and reported to John Stankey. Toby Emmerich, the head of Warner Bros. Pictures; Peter Roth, who is the head of the Warner Bros. television group; and Kim Williams, executive VP and chief financial officer of Warner Bros. who oversaw Otter Media, reported to Sarnoff in her position as head of Warner Bros. On April 8, 2022, she stepped down from her role upon the merger of WarnerMedia and Discovery, Inc.
In May 2024, she invested in startup women's basketball league, Unrivaled.
Personal life
In 1990, Sarnoff married Richard Sarnoff, a former media executive who works in private equity. They live in New York City and have two children. She relocated to Los Angeles for her position at Warner Bros.
Sarnoff's husband's great uncle, David Sarnoff, was the long-time chairman of RCA, a pioneer of American television and radio, and was known as "The General" or "General Sarnoff". He is credited with founding NBC in 1926 and RKO Radio Pictures in 1928.
Boards and memberships
ART:21, board member (former)
Britbox, chairman of board, 2017–present
BritishAmerican Business, international advisory board, 2017–present
Georgetown University, board of directors, 2018–present
Georgetown University, McDonough School of Business, board of advisors, executive committee vice chair, 2008–present:
Harvard Business School Women's Association of New York, board member
HSN, Inc., board member, 2012–present
PayPal Holdings, Inc., board member, 2017–present
New York Public Radio, co-chair of digital task force
The Women's Forum of New York, board of directors, vice president; Member, 2004–present
Motion Picture & Television Fund, board member, 2022–present
Cineworld, board member, 2023–present
US-China Business Council, board member
The Shed, board member
Honors
CableFAX Magazine, one of the Most Powerful Women in Cable, 2011–2018
Harvard Business School, Inspiring Women Award, 2012
The Women's Project Theater, Women of Achievement Award, 2017
Georgetown University, Georgetown Media Alliance, Wall Street Alliance, Honoree, 2019
Forbes List, 63rd among "The World’s Most Powerful Women", 2021
Works and publications
|
Citizen's dividend
|
[
"Dividends",
"Employment compensation",
"Universal basic income",
"Georgism",
"Citizenship"
] | 1,586 | 17,109 |
Citizen's dividend is a proposed policy based upon the Georgist principle that the natural world is the common property of all people. It is proposed that all citizens receive regular payments (dividends) from revenue raised by leasing or taxing the monopoly of valuable land and other natural resources.
History
A concept akin to a citizen's dividend was known in Classical Athens. In 483 BC, a massive new seam of silver was found in the Athenian silver mines at Laurium. The dispersal of this provoked great debate. The statesman Aristides proposed the profit from this should be distributed among the Athenian citizens. However he was opposed by Themistocles, who proposed the money be spent building warships for the Athenian navy. In the end, Themistocles' policy was the one adopted.
In the United Kingdom and United States, the idea can be traced back to Thomas Paine's essay, Agrarian Justice, which is also considered one of the earliest proposals for a social security system. Thomas Paine summarized his view by stating that "Men did not make the earth. It is the value of the improvements only, and not the earth itself, that is individual property. Every proprietor owes to the community a ground rent for the land which he holds." Paine saw inheritance as being partly a common fund and wanted to supplement the citizen's dividend in a tax on inheritance transfers, but Georgist supporters now focus on natural resources.
Implementations and proposals
This concept is a form of universal basic income (UBI), where the citizen's dividend depends upon the value of natural resources or what could be titled as common goods like location values, seignorage, the electromagnetic spectrum, the industrial use of air (CO2 production), etc.
Permanent Fund Dividend implementation in Alaska
The U.S. state of Alaska dispenses a form of citizen's dividend in its Permanent Fund dividend, which holds investments initially seeded by the state's revenue from mineral resources, particularly petroleum. In 2005, every eligible Alaskan resident (including children) received a check for $845.76. Over the 24-year history of the fund, it has paid out a total of $24,775.45 to every resident. Some believe this dividend as the reason why Alaska has one of the lowest rates of inequality and relatively low levels of poverty compared to other US states. A 2018 paper found that the Alaska Permanent Fund "dividend had no effect on employment, and increased part-time work by 1.8 percentage points (17 percent)... our results suggest that a universal and permanent cash transfer does not significantly decrease aggregate employment."
Carbon emissions reduction proposal
The concept is also promoted as a tool to reduce carbon emissions. Peter Barnes created the concept of "Sky Trust" as an example of how this could be implemented. Barnes proposes setting up a public trust to manage the funds, separate from the private sector being taxed. A calculation based on specific assets by Barnes estimates that American citizens could each get $5,000 per year by this model.
Swiss experiment proposal
A Swiss campaign in 2013 advocated for a citizen's income which could net each citizen an amount equivalent to $34,000. A citizens dividend based on resources according to Thomas Pogge is due to every citizen because everyone owns an inalienable stake in all limited natural resources. His theory goes along with Barnes with the exception of ownership, Pogge contends that the people own the resources. The Progress Report says that the dividend should be valued by the free market.
Maryland proposal
John Moser, a 2018 congressional candidate in Maryland, ran chiefly on the proposal that a citizen's dividend based around a portion of all income would eliminate homelessness and hunger, and would act as a collective risk share as used in Nordic model nations.
New Physiocratic League
The New Physiocratic League, a project advocating for an economic reform revolving around shifting taxation towards land, advocates for a form of citizen's dividend as part of its Three Pillars program of income support.
Citizen's dividend proposal in India
Rahul Chimanbhai Mehta, an Indian politician, has proposed a form of citizen's dividend. In his system, two-thirds of the royalty payments from mining and wireless spectrum, as well as the rent collected from some public land would be dispensed as monthly payments to all Indians above the age of seven. The remaining third would be allocated for the military. His proposal allocates less funds for parents who have more than four children and for legal minors but more funds for senior citizens. According to his estimate, this can result in a monthly income of approximately Rs. 1000 for every Indian.
Other proposals
Several philosophers and economists connect left-libertarian ideas with support for UBI. Of these, the most closely related theory to Georgism calls for a citizen's dividend—that is, a UBI equal to the monetary rental value of natural resources and socially created wealth. Writers advocating citizen's dividends include Peter Barnes (author of With Liberty and Dividends for All), economist Nic Tideman and activist Jeff Smith. Barnes proposes setting up a public "Sky Trust" to manage the funds creating from taxing pollution, greenhouse gases and other actions that deplete the value of shared natural resources.
Other theorists use left-libertarian insights without strictly connecting the monetary value of resource value with the level of UBI. Philippe Van Parijs makes a freedom-based argument for the highest sustainable UBI regardless of the value of natural resources, justified partly on the basis that the labor market is imperfectly competitive and produces a significant amount of "job rents." Guy Standing uses many left-libertarian or "[Thomas] Painist" arguments for UBI, along with progressive and social-democratic arguments for UBI without committing to resource- or rent-based financing of UBI.
To reduce economic inequality to levels he considers more advantageous, Steven Pearlstein proposes a $3000 per year dividend for Americans completing K-12 education, with a requirement to at some point perform three years of public service (or, alternatively, profit sharing).
See also
Asset-based egalitarianism (basic capital)
Carbon fee and dividend
Common good
Common land
Common ownership
Geolibertarianism
Global resources dividend
Land value tax
Property-owning democracy
Prosperity Bonus
Public land
Public property
Redistribution of income and wealth
Resource nationalism
Social ownership
Sovereign wealth fund
State ownership
References
Clive Lord. A Citizens’ Income. John Carpenter, 2003. .
|
Duarte Moreira
|
[
"21st-century Portuguese businesspeople",
"21st-century Swiss businesspeople",
"1982 births",
"Alumni of Warwick Business School",
"Living people"
] | 990 | 11,819 |
Duarte Luis Lima Constantino Moreira (born September 23, 1982) is a Portuguese and Swiss investor and entrepreneur. He is a co-founder and CEO of the Zeno Partners Group, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Tellco Bank SA, and chairman of the Board of Directors of the Vangest Group. In 2023 and 2024, he participated in the 69th edition of the Bilderberg Meeting, and in the 70th edition of the Bilderberg Meeting, which brings together each year some of the most influential people in the Western World.
Biography
He grew up in Barcelos, Portugal. He attended local schools and completed his secondary education in year 11 entering college without ever attending Year 12, where he studied law, Finance & Management in Portugal and in the United Kingdom.
Personal life
Duarte Moreira is married and has two children. He currently resides with his family in Geneva, Switzerland. He enjoys playing chess and tennis.
Career
Duarte Moreira started his career as an investor in venture capital and private equity in 2007.
In January 2016, with his colleague and long-time friend Christopher Kile, he created Zeno Partners, a private investment group based in Geneva.
Founded in 2016, Zeno Partners now manages 6 investment funds and controls billions in assets.
In 2019, he became a director of the Vangest group, an industrial group founded in Portugal in 1986, before becoming Chairman of the Board of Directors in 2020.
In July 2022, he became Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Tellco Group, a Swiss financial group founded in 2002 and specialized in the management of pension funds. He is also Chairman of the Board of Directors of Tellco Bank, a bank (acquired by the Tellco Group in 2017) which manages one of the largest independent portfolios of pension fund assets in Switzerland, with 9 billion in assets under management. He is also a director of the company Tellco Immobilien, which manages real estate assets in Switzerland of 1.9 billion, and which is a subsidiary of the Tellco Group.
In December 2023 he was featured in Bloomberg as his firm Zeno Partners was believed to have formulated a EUR 6bn offer for Altice Portugal together with Warburg Pincus.
Others
Duarte Moreira holds an MBA from Warwick Business School at the University of Warwick, UK.
In 2023 and 2024, he participated in the 69th and 70th Bilderberg Meetings. Since the first meeting of the Bilderberg group in 1954 he is among the youngest Portuguese or Swiss to have ever participated in the meeting.
|
Tripartite Agreement of 1936
|
[
"Foreign exchange market",
"French economic policy",
"Gold standard",
"1936 in economic history"
] | 591 | 4,468 |
The Tripartite Agreement was an international monetary agreement entered into by the United States, France, and Great Britain in September 1936. The purpose of the agreement was to stabilize their nations' currencies both at home and in the international exchange markets after the collapse of the international monetary system during the Great Depression.
History
During the Great Depression, international monetary cooperation collapsed among liberal states. Following suspension of the gold standard by Great Britain in 1931 and the United States in 1933, a serious imbalance developed between their currencies and those of the gold bloc countries, particularly France. The devaluation of the dollar and the pound sterling raised import prices and lowered export prices in the United States and Great Britain.
In the United States and Great Britain sound money advocates were divided between those favoring reforms to stabilize the currency and others who called for an end to the gold standard and a managed currency.
Agreement
The Tripartite Agreement was informal and provisional. Subscribing nations agreed to refrain from competitive depreciation to maintain currency values at existing levels, as long as that attempt did not interfere seriously with internal prosperity. France devalued its currency as part of the agreement. The remaining gold bloc nations, Belgium, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, also subscribed to the agreement.
Subscribing nations agreed to sell one another gold in the seller's currency at a price agreed in advance. The agreement stabilized exchange rates, ending the currency war of 1931 to 1936,
but it failed to help the recovery of world trade.
See also
Gold standard
London Gold Pool
|
Gregorius Klauman
|
[
"18th-century Danish businesspeople",
"Danish brewers",
"Directors of the Danish Asiatic Company",
"Businesspeople from Copenhagen",
"1678 births",
"1752 deaths"
] | 500 | 4,276 |
Gregorius Klauman (30 November 1678 12 September 1752) was a Danish businessman and judge. He served as one of the first directors of the Danish Asiatic Company, a board member of Kurantbanken and a president of Grosserer-Societetet.
Early life and education
Klauman was born Gørris Gørrisen on 30 November 1678 in Copenhagen, the son of merchant Gørris Tillufsen and Maren Frederiksdatter Seenders. His father owned a house in Magstræde.
After his father's death, his mother married Peter Klauman, manager of the King's Brewhouse, whose last name the stepson adopted. Gregorius Klauman was later articled to his stepfather.
Career
After his stepfather's death in 1810, on 16 January 1711, Klauman took on the management of the King's Brewhouse. He was also the owner of one of the city's largest trading houses. He was also involved in the establishment of Det Kinesiske Societet, and appointed as one of its first eight board members. In 1732, when it was merged with its sister company, Det Ostindiske Societet. as the Danish Asiatic Company, Klauman was appointed as one of its first directors. For a while, he also served as director of the Danish West IndiaGuinea Company. In 1736, he was elected as one of the five board members of Kurantbanken with a commercial background. He was also one of the bank's largest private shareholders.
In 1713, Klauman was appointed as judge at Borgerretten (Civil Court). In 1740, he was awarded the title of justitsråd. In 1749, he was awarded the title of etatsråd.
Personal life
On 2 January 1711, Klauman married Maren Knudsdatter Agger (1676–1749). She was a daughter of merchant Knud Agger (died 1840).
Klauman owned the property at Amagertorv 6. In the early 1740s (before 1734), he constructed a country house at Skodsborg, north of the city. He named it Aggershvile (Agger's Rest) as a tribute to his wife.
Klauman died on 13 September 1752. He was buried in Holmen Church on 20 September. The church features an epitaph to Klauman and his wife.
Klauman was survived by three children. Knud Gregorius de Klauman (1711–1761) was a Supreme Court justice. He was married to Ulrikke Sophie Vigantsdatter (1721–1790). They lived in his father's old property on Amagertorv. Christian Lucassen Klauman (1713–1748) was a controller in Kurantbanken. He was married to Marie Christine Hooglant. The daughter Anna Sophie Klaumann (18171–863) was married to bookkeeper in the Admiralty Terkel Brügmann (1692–1755).
|
Souk Al-Manakh stock market crash
|
[
"1982 disasters in Kuwait",
"1982 in economic history",
"1982 in Kuwait",
"August 1982 in Asia",
"Economic history of Kuwait",
"September 1982 in Asia",
"Stock market crashes",
"Souqs in Kuwait"
] | 818 | 6,727 |
The Souk Al-Manakh stock market crash was the 1982 stock market crash of Kuwait's unofficial stock market, the Souk Al-Manakh (). The Al-Manakh market was housed in an air-conditioned parking garage in the historic area of Jibla, Kuwait City. The market was specialized in highly speculative and unregulated non-Kuwaiti companies. At its peak, its market capitalization was the third highest in the world, behind only the U.S. and Japan, and ahead of the U.K. and France.
Background
The large oil revenues of the 1970s left many private individuals with substantial funds at their disposal. These funds prompted a speculation boom in the official stock market in the mid-1970s that culminated in a crash in 1977. The government's response to this crash was to bail out the affected investors and to introduce stricter regulations. This response unintentionally contributed to the far larger stock market crash of the 1980s by driving the least risk-averse speculators into the technically illegal alternate market, the Souk Al-Manakh. The Souk Al-Manakh had emerged parallel to the official stock market, which was dominated by several older wealthy families who traded, largely among themselves, in very large blocks of stock. The Souk Al-Manakh soon became the market for the new investors and, in the end, for many old investors as well.
By 1979, the year Souk Al-Manakh was established, Kuwait already had a robust financial sector and more stocks than any other Gulf country. However, due to the crash that happened in 1977 and the followed strict regulations for enlisting and trading companies, some Kuwaiti businessmen went to founding companies in nearby Gulf countries and enlist them on this new non-official market. After a couple of years, this lucrative unregulated market attracted many investors and had 70 enlisted companies, including around 40 companies based in other Gulf countries. The next year, the market capitalization of all shares jumped in a few months from $5 billion to $100 billion.
Crash
Share dealings using postdated checks created a huge unregulated expansion of credit. The crash of the unofficial stock market finally came in August 1982, when a dealer presented a postdated check from a young Passport Office employee for payment and it bounced. By September 1982, the Kuwaiti Ministry of Finance ordered all dubious checks to be turned in for clearance, and shut down the Souk Al-Manakh. The official investigation summed the value of worthless outstanding checks at the equivalent of US$94 billion from about 6,000 investors. Kuwait's financial sector was badly shaken by the crash, as was the entire economy.
The crash prompted a recession that rippled through society as individual families were disrupted by the investment risks of particular members made on family credit. The debts from the crash left all but one bank in Kuwait technically insolvent, held up only by support from the Central Bank. Only the National Bank of Kuwait, the largest commercial bank, survived the crisis intact. In the end, the government stepped in, devising a complicated set of policies, embodied in the Difficult Credit Facilities Resettlement Program. The implementation of the program was still incomplete in 1990 when the Iraqi invasion changed the entire financial picture.
Effects
Coupled with reduced oil revenues caused by the ongoing Iran–Iraq War, the Souk Al-Manakh crash helped to push the entire Gulf region into a recession.
Popular culture
The crash was depicted in the 1983 play Fursan Al-Manakh (The Knights of Al-Manakh) starring Abdulhussain Abdulredha.
General and cited references
Darwiche, Fadwa Adel (1986). The Gulf Stock Exchange Crash: The Rise and Fall of the Souq Al-Manakh. London: Croom Helm. . .
|
Mariano Jinkis
|
[
"1974 births",
"Living people",
"Businesspeople from Buenos Aires",
"20th-century Argentine businesspeople",
"21st-century Argentine businesspeople",
"People named in the Panama Papers"
] | 484 | 4,748 |
Mariano Jinkis (born 23 September 1974) is an Argentine businessman, the son of Hugo Jinkis, CEO and owner of Full Play Group, a football broadcasting rights company.
Interpol released a red notice (a form of "wanted" advertisement) concerning him, for his alleged participation in issues related with bribes. He and his father have appeared in front of the authorities and is sought by the United States on charges of conspiracy to commit the offenses of racketeering, wire fraud, and money laundering.
Jinkis and his father were allegedly involved in the 2015 FIFA corruption case.
In August 2015, Federal Judge Claudio Bonadio ordered that Hugo and Mariano Jinkis be released from prison on condition that they remain not more than 60 km from the court, and that neither can leave their home for more than 24 hours without notifying the judicial authorities.
Between 2010 and 2014 Jinkis Full Play Group paid more than 53 bribes totaling more than $14.02 million to Bedoya, Chiriboğa, Esquivel and Figueredo. They were used to secure marketing rights for the Copa America in 2015, 2016, 2019 and 2023. The transactions were concealed through bank accounts held by subsidiaries Cross Trading and Yorkfields. The Israeli Bank Hapoalim paid over $30 million as penalty for laundering more than $20 million bribes to soccer officials.
The trial has not been completed yet.
|
London Chamber of Commerce and Industry
|
[
"1881 establishments in England",
"1881 in London",
"Business organisations based in London",
"Chambers of commerce in the United Kingdom",
"City of London",
"Economy of London",
"Organizations established in 1881"
] | 410 | 3,327 |
The London Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) is a business organization based in London, founded in 1882. It provides support for its members’ businesses through services and advocates on behalf of London’s business community.
The Chamber has interest groups designed to provide targeted support, including the Asian Business Association (ABA), Black Business Association (BBA), and Business Owners Club. LCCI introduced a free B2B digital networking app in 2021. On the LCCI Community App, users can chat with peers, join sector and common interest groups, and see LCCI member product and service offers.
History
There have been various chambers of commerce in London over the years. John Weskett ran a London chamber from 1782 to 1800. A larger chamber ran in 1823 and 1824, with support from MP and Bank of England director William Haldimand. Several other short-lived attempts were made until the current chamber was founded in 1882.
The LCC was a supporter of calls for an Imperial Federation. In 1886, they funded a competition for the best essay "Formulating a Practical Working Plan of the Federation and the Mother Country." The prize was set at £50 and a size limit of 75 pages was set. 106 entries were received and judged by a panel consisting of James Anthony Froude, Rawson W. Rawson and John Robert Seeley. William Henry Parr Greswell, a former professor of classical studies at Cape University won. His essay, and those of four runners-up were published together.
In 1903, the LCCI established its first arbitration scheme for the resolution of commercial disputes, called the London Chamber of Arbitration. In 2020, this was reformed as the London Chamber of Arbitration and Mediation (LCAM).
In 2025, Michael Mainelli was appointed President of the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
|
Cora Dow
|
[
"1868 births",
"1915 deaths",
"19th-century American pharmacists",
"Businesspeople from Cincinnati",
"American women pharmacists",
"19th-century American businesspeople",
"19th-century American businesswomen",
"20th-century American pharmacists",
"Pharmacists from Ohio"
] | 386 | 4,116 |
Cora Dow (1868–1915) was a pharmacist in Cincinnati, Ohio, the leading female pharmacist of her time, with eleven stores under her name when she died. Her father owned a drugstore, and she graduated from the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy and later took over the store when he died. She also bought an ice cream factory and produced her own brand of ice cream because she did not think the kind sold in her store was good enough. She paid women the same as men, and furnished her stores so that women would be comfortable there. Her stores sold products at below the normal retail price, which was not often done then. Some manufacturers refused to sell to her because of this, but she challenged their pricing practices in court and won.
She was also interested in animals, and campaigned nationally for the idea that horses should have a two-week annual vacation.
She was married to accountant William W. Goode from 1897 until 1904. After that she took care of her mother.
She sold her business to an investment group in 1915 due to poor health, and died later that year. William Howard Taft eulogized her. In her will she gave the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra more than $700,000; she had always loved music and wanted to be a musician.
|
Hal Varian
|
[
"1947 births",
"Living people",
"People from Wooster, Ohio",
"Haas School of Business faculty",
"Google employees",
"Microeconomists",
"20th-century American economists",
"21st-century American economists",
"Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty",
"University of Michigan faculty",
"Stanford University faculty",
"Fellows of the Econometric Society",
"MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences alumni",
"UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni",
"Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences",
"Distinguished fellows of the American Economic Association",
"Economists from Ohio",
"University of California, Berkeley School of Information faculty",
"Fair division researchers"
] | 840 | 8,223 |
Hal Ronald Varian (born March 18, 1947, in Wooster, Ohio) is chief economist at Google and holds the title of emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley where he was founding dean of the School of Information. Varian is an economist specializing in microeconomics and information economics.
Varian joined Google in 2002 as its chief economist. He played a key role in the development of Google's advertising model and data analysis practices.
Early life
Hal Varian was born on March 18, 1947, in Wooster, Ohio. He received his B.S. from MIT in economics in 1969 and both his M.A. in mathematics and Ph.D. in economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1973.
Career
Varian taught at MIT, Stanford University, the University of Oxford, the University of Michigan, the University of Siena and other universities around the world. He has two honorary doctorates, from the University of Oulu, Finland in 2002, and a Dr. h. c. from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, awarded in 2006. He is emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was founding dean of the School of Information.
Varian joined Google in 2002 as chief economist, and has worked on the design of advertising auctions, econometrics, finance, corporate strategy, and public policy.
Varian is the author of two bestselling textbooks: Intermediate Microeconomics, an undergraduate microeconomics text, and Microeconomic Analysis, an advanced text aimed primarily at first-year graduate students in economics. Together with Carl Shapiro, he co-authored Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy and The Economics of Information Technology: An Introduction. According to the Open Syllabus Project, Varian is the fourth most frequently cited author on college syllabi for economics courses.
In September 2023, Varian was called to testify in the United States v. Google lawsuit by the Department of Justice on a memo he wrote in 2003: "Thoughts on Google v Microsoft." with the subject "We should be careful about what we say in both public and private". The DOJ also brought up memos where Varian instructed Google employees to avoid the use of language such as "market share," "scale," "network effects," "leverage," "lock up," "lock in," "bundle," and "tie.", to avoid Google from being perceived as being a monopoly and to avoid scrutiny from antitrust watchdogs.
Personal life
Varian is married and has one child, Christopher Max Varian.
See also
Varian Rule
Varian's theorems
|
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