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Kacchey Limbu	# Kacchey Limbu ## Abstract Kacchey Limbu (transl. Unripe Lemons) is a 2022 Indian Hindi -language sports drama film written and directed by Shubham Yogi on his directorial debut. It stars Radhika Madan, Rajat Barmecha, and Ayush Mehra in the lead roles. The film explores the lives of siblings-brother and sister-who are cricket crazy and their bond. The film premiered at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival and received rave reviews. The film was also screened at the World Film Festival of Bangkok and the International Film Festival of Kerala. The film began streaming on JioCinema on 19 May 2023. ## Synopsis Aditi, who has grown up in the shadow of her brother who was often sidelined earlier due to social norms and restrictions for a typical Indian girl. Meanwhile, Aditi initially wanted to be a fashion designer, but her father wanted her to study medicine and a become doctor. Aditi makes a challenge to his elder brother Aakash, which eventually is going to decide the future pathway of his life, as Aditi bets that if she wins against him in the gully cricket tournament, Akash has to obey his father's wish of attending regular corporate job interviews thereby putting his cricket dream away. Initially, Akash got the green light from his father who encouraged him to take up the sport from childhood but later opposed it as he gave up the hope that his son wouldn't be better if he chose to stick with gully cricket and forced Akash to attend job interviews. Akash clearly had one goal in his life which was to play for the Indian cricket team one day. Hence, the challenge is set to be a make or break moment for Akash and he accepts to play against his sister in the gully cricket tournament, with perspective-altering results. Aditi somehow manages to assemble a team of rookies and new faces to battle in the gully cricket league known as the Underarm Premier League (UPL) against her brother. Aditi even pulls one of his brother's former teammates to form her team, and she names her team Kacchey Limbu. Initially, the Kacchey Limbu team looked clueless and thin on paper but eventually became a competent team, which gave a run for its money to other teams in the league. ## Cast - Radhika Madan as Aditi Nath, Aakash's younger sister - Rajat Barmecha as Aakash Nath, Aditi's elder brother - Ayush Mehra as Kabir Saini - Mahesh Thakur as Ajit Nath, Aakash and Aditi's father - Purva Parag as Anjali Nath, Aakash and Aditi's mother - Jaywant Wadkar as Sudhakar Uncle - Faiz Khan as Zakir - Vedaansh Jaju as Yuvi - Aisha Ahmed as Sara - Sukhita Aiyar as Kavita Ma'm - Shreya Kapoor as Charvi - Tanushree Das as Ira - Pradeep Nigam as building secretary and commentator
Santa Catarina Ayometla	# Santa Catarina Ayometla ## Abstract Santa Catarina Ayometla is a town and its surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Tlaxcala.
Anthony Preston (record producer)	# Anthony Preston (record producer) ## Abstract Anthony Preston is an American, Grammy-nominated record producer, songwriter and music executive. He frequently works with will.i.am. ## Early life Preston was born and raised in Texarkana, Texas, to a teacher mother and minister father and has two brothers. In addition to singing, he has played various instruments, including piano, oboe, saxophone, drums and bassoon. ## Career Early in his career, Preston moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and began working with various producers including Dallas Austin and Anthony Dent. Unsatisfied with the progress of his career, he considered quitting, until he met and began working and touring around the world with Chris Willis, and then David Guetta soon after. Preston co-wrote " Night of Your Life ", Guetta's 2011 single featuring Jennifer Hudson, which peaked at #81 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2012, Preston was introduced to will.i.am, and they began to collaborate regularly, with Preston becoming creative liaison for will.i.am music group. In addition to Willis, Guetta and will.i.am, Preston has produced and written for Nicole Scherzinger, Jennifer Hudson, Afrojack, Pitbull, Havana Brown, Carly Rae Jepsen and Britney Spears. Preston is the associate executive producer on Spears' eighth studio album, Britney Jean (2013), and is credited as a writer or producer on eleven tracks. He began working on the album in the beginning of 2013. " Work Bitch ", which Preston co-wrote and co-produced, was released as the album’s lead single on September 17, 2013, and peaked at #12 on the Billboard Hot 100. ## Discography ### Artist discography - "Go Where the Love Is" (with Pedro Cazanova) (2012)
Clinton Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania	# Clinton Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania ## Abstract Clinton Township is a township in Venango County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 951 at the 2020 census, an increase from 854 in 2010 and 758 at the 2000 census. ## History The Bridge in Clinton Township and Witherup Bridge are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. ## Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 28.7 square miles (74 km), of which 28.5 square miles (74 km) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km) (0.90%) is water. ## Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 758 people, 278 households, and 219 families residing in the township. The population density was 26.6 inhabitants per square mile (10.3/km). There were 414 housing units at an average density of 14.5/sq mi (5.6/km). The racial makeup of the township was 97.63% White, 1.32% African American, 0.26% Asian, 0.13% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.13% of the population. There were 278 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.9% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.07. In the township the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.1 males. The median income for a household in the township was $37,361, and the median income for a family was $40,563. Males had a median income of $32,375 versus $17,656 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,370. About 8.1% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.7% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.
Belz Enterprises	# Belz Enterprises ## Abstract Belz Enterprises, Inc. is a major American-based developer of hotels, retail, and commercial properties, including shopping malls. Belz owns and operates the Peabody Hotel in Memphis. Previously they operated two other Peabody Hotels, one in Little Rock, and another in Orlando, however both of these hotels were sold in 2013 becoming a Hyatt and Mariott respectively. In past years, much of its operations have been centered on the development of new factory outlet type malls, such as the Belz Factory Outlet World in Canovanas, Puerto Rico opened in 2001 which is now known as The Outlet 66 Mall, and the conversion of some its older traditional properties into such. In recent years they have developed more traditional shopping centers including strip malls and Peabody Place in downtown Memphis, commercial office, and warehouses space. The firm is based in Memphis. Ronald A. Belz serves as Chief Operating Officer. ## History The company was founded in North Memphis in 1940 by Philip Belz (1904-2000). The firm's earliest projects included small retail and residential spaces and soon expanded to industrial development, starting with a roofing materials factory on the former site of the North Memphis Driving Park (horse racing track).
2017 Touring Car Masters	# 2017 Touring Car Masters ## Abstract The 2017 Touring Car Masters was an Australian motor racing series for touring cars manufactured between 1 January 1963 and 31 December 1978. It was the eleventh running of the Touring Car Masters series. Each car was allocated into one the following classes: Pro Masters, Pro Am, Pro Sports, IROC (Porsche), Trans Am. The series was won by Steven Johnson driving a Ford Mustang. Johnson also won the Pro Masters class with Adam Bressington (Chevrolet Camaro) winning Pro Am and Darren Beale (Holden Monaro GTS) winning Pro Sports. ## Teams and drivers The following teams and drivers contested the 2017 series. ## Race calendar The series was contested over seven rounds. Rounds included Series Races and non-points Domestic Trophy Races (indicated below with TR). - New lap records - Jason Gomersall had a large accident at turn six on lap one during Race 2 at Sandown Raceway. Therefore the race was abandoned. ## Series standings
Marek Bartoš	# Marek Bartoš ## Abstract Marek Kristián Bartoš (born 13 October 1996) is a Slovak professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Polish club Motor Lublin. ## Club career ### Železiarne Podbrezová Bartoš made his Fortuna Liga debut for Železiarne Podbrezová against DAC Dunajská Streda on 22 July 2018, during a home 1–2 defeat. He played the entirety of the game. Bartoš departed from Podbrezová after featuring in over 80 top division games for the club, scoring eight goals. Club's General Manager Miroslav Poliaček ellaborated, that Bartoš had sought to advance in his career for multiple transfer windows. ### Motor Lublin On 28 June 2024, Bartoš joined Polish top-flight club Motor Lublin on a deal until the end of June 2026, with an extension option for a further year. ## Honours Individual - Slovak Super Liga Team of the Season: 2022–23
Balla Jabir	# Balla Jabir ## Abstract Balla Gabir Kortokaila (born 12 September 1985, in Umm Dawm) is a Sudanese footballer, who currently plays for Sudanese side El-Merreikh. ## Career He plays as a left back or a winger. He was brought from Hay al-Arab in December 2007 to El-Merreikh. The first goal he scored for the club was against Amal Atbara when his side won 3:0 in Omdurman. He is known for his speed, rough tackling and sliding tackling. ## International career He is a member of the Sudan national football team.
Cuichapa	# Cuichapa ## Abstract Cuichapa is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. ## Geography Cuichapa is located in central zone of the state, about 90 km from the state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 69.92 km2. It is located at 18°46′N 96°52′W / 18.767°N 96.867°W. The municipality of Cuichapa is delimited to the north by Yanga, to the north-west by Amatlán de los Reyes, to the south by Omealca, and to the west by Coetzala. ### Climate The weather in Cuichapa is warm-medium all year with rains in summer and autumn. ## Agriculture It produces principally maize and beans. ## Society The Patron of the town is San Isidro Labrador, who is honored with a celebration in May. ## Transportation Tren Interoceánico plans to build a station for its Line FA in Cuichapa. This line is scheduled to open in September 2024.
Ain Bandial	# Ain Bandial ## Abstract Quratul-Ain Bandial, also known as Ain Bandial, is a journalist and media entrepreneur in Brunei who co-founded and became the editor of The Scoop in 2017. Ain has written about many different topics in her career, including human rights, the environment, and security as well as diplomacy. Her work has been published in Reuters, AFP, and The New York Times, among various international newspapers, to which she contributes. ## Education Ain graduated with a Bachelor of Social Science (BSS) in history from Curtin University in 2008. joined the International Visitor Leadership Program 's (IVLP) Edward R. Murrow Program for Journalists 2012 and Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative (YSEALI) Women's Leadership Academy in 2017. She is also a fellow of the Earth Journalism Network. ## Journalism ### Brunei Times Ain began work as a journalist for the Brunei Times in about 2010. She worked on news concerning Brunei and Southeast Asia. With only a day's notice, the Brunei Times abruptly announced its closure in 2016, citing competition and continuous financial losses. However, it was also reported that the newspaper had previously published a news story—later redacted—about the price of pilgrimage tickets to Mecca, which sparked rumors of a "forced closure." Ain has written about free speech for the Brunei Times. She believes that censorship in Brunei is not a result of the law but of self-censorship by the country's journalists. She contends that the government's failure to address valid criticism is compounded by journalists' reluctance to cover sensitive topics due to the threat of imprisonment and news outlet suspension for allegedly spreading "false or malicious" news, with accusations of them acting as mere mouthpieces for government officials. ### The Scoop In 2017, Ain helped create a new and independent news source. The website cost $1,700. The Scoop is the first newsdesk in Brunei led by women and it was self funded and founded by four people: Ain Bandial, Hadthiah Hazair, Rachel Thien, Rasidah Abu Bakar. Her and Rasidah served as the editors in an organisation that is lean. There are many contributors but only a small number of employees. Brunei has a very high proportion of its population using social media. It was reported that Brunei was the highest in Southeast Asia with nearly 70% of citizens using social media. During the COVID-19 pandemic, The Scoop faced challenges as they played a crucial role in keeping the public informed and combating misinformation. The rask was not helped as they discovered new restrictions and a sharp decline in advertising revenue. They lost 90% of their advertising over a span of five months. The Scoop produced informative videos on vaccination progress, with staff working tirelessly for over 100 consecutive days without a break or holiday. According to Ain, more people than Brunei's population reads The Scoop, with most readers being between the ages of 18 and 34. By 2019, The Scoop has its own YouTube channel, internet radio, and print version offered as a colour magazine. Advertising and sponsored content was paying for six staff. By 2020, The Scoop had 80,000 monthly readers and 70,000 social media followers.
Michael Camera	# Michael Camera ## Abstract Michael Camera is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
Amira Hanafi	# Amira Hanafi ## Abstract Amira Hanafi (born 1979) is an American-born poet and artist who has published several works of electronic literature. She holds both American and Egyptian citizenship. A Dictionary of the Revolution, a creative work she completed in 2017, documents the 2011 Egyptian uprising. It was the winner of the 2018 New Media Writing Prize and Denmark's 2019 Public Library Prize for Electronic Literature. Her electronic literature works are replayed and explored on Femmes Literature Electronique (French 2024). ## Biography Born in Vermont in 1979, Amira Hanafi has been based in Cairo since 2010. Her involvement in poetry, culture and art is focused on her interest in working with language. ## Works Minced English (2010) is a collage based on associations with 29 terms for people of mixed race. The pages present sentences evoking the colour and violence of all the relationships which turn up, revealing how a dominant culture lay behind the language. Similarly, Forgery (2011), drawing on language linked to the keyword "Finkl", centers on Chicago's 130-year-old steel forge founded by the German immigrant Anton Finkl of A. Finkl & Sons Steel. Published in 2020 in both English and Arabic, A Dictionary of the Revolution is designed to reveal details of the 2011 uprising based on meetings with 200 people from six Egyptian regions. Hanafi asked them to choose one of 160 words related to the revolution and express their reactions. Their responses were woven into a network of multi-voiced storytelling of the event. In 2018, the work won the New Media Writing Prize in a collaboration between Bournemouth University and if:book uk. In May 2019, it was awarded the Danish Public Library Prize for Electronic Literature. This work is featured in The NEXT Museum 's exhibition Vision UnBound 2024. The CreaTures Glossary is "a set of tools for giving meaning to a lexicon of terms related to creative practice and transformational change." A distinctive compilation that transcends traditional boundaries in creative discourse, the project asks you to redefine ordinary terms and provoke thought on the meaning of the words in a new context. Commissioned by the CreaTures Project (Creative Practices for Transformational Futures) in 2021. CreaTures Glossary was partned with a collaboration of Universities to grant funding to the project including: Alto University, the University of Sussex ’s Sustainability Research programme, and Utrecht University. CreaTures Glossary adds new meaning to old words by asking readers to engage in various thought exercises. Using language, the project makes readers take a closer look at everyday life. This closer look makes readers more sensitive to the things happening around them such as social interactions and climate change.
Armada Latina	# Armada Latina ## Abstract " Armada Latina' " (English: Latino Army) is the fourth single from Cypress Hill 's studio album, Rise Up. It features Cuban rapper Pitbull and Puerto Rican singer Marc Anthony. It was released on March 2, 2010. The song samples the fourth portion of the 1969 Crosby, Stills, & Nash song " Suite: Judy Blue Eyes." ## Music video The music video, directed by Matt Alonzo, was filmed at Mariachi Plaza in Los Angeles. The video was premiered on April 8, 2010. Latin pop singer Belinda Peregrín and Kevin McCall are featured in the video. Anthony does not appear in the video, instead, a body double is used for his verses. Stephen Stills, writer of " Suite: Judy Blue Eyes ", appears during the guitar breakdown. ## Track listing
Valson Thampu	# Valson Thampu ## Abstract Revd. Valson Thampu is an Indian educator, Christian theologian, who was the Principal of St Stephen's College, University of Delhi, Delhi, from 2008 to February 2016. Prior to this he was a lecturer at the college and its officiating principal since May 2007. He is a translator from Malayalam to English and his translation of The Scent of the Other Side won the Crossword award. His second translated work, Gift in Green was published by HarperCollins in 2011. Prior to that he served as a Member of the Delhi Minorities Commission for two terms (2000 -2004) and Member, the National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions (2004-2007). He was nominated twice to the National Integration Council under the category, 'Distinguished Citizens of India'. He was a controversial figure during his tenure as Principal of St. Stephen's, with numerous calls for his removal (particularly from alumni, as well as from professors at the institution). Under his leadership, St. Stephen's rose in national estimation and came to be ranked first among all colleges in India, for all courses taught in St. Stephen's. He is an ordained minister of Church of North India and a member of the National Minorities Commission and Delhi Minorities Commission. Thampu pursued Ph.D. in theology from Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences. In view of the irreversible spiritual degeneration that churches in India have suffered, he renounced his priesthood in 2016. ## Sexual abuse coverup and Controversy In 2015, a researcher in the St. Stephens College alleged Valsan Thampu of covering up sexual abuse and misconduct. She said that Thampu tried "to destroy her" by getting her to put on paper that her complaint was an "academic problem." Thampu, is also accused of forcing the rape victim to withdraw her complaints by "explaining the legal aspect" to her, and intimidating her. He is accused of blackmailing her so he would ensure her PhD would be completed as long as she cooperated and withdrew the complaint. On investigation by the police, it turned out that no case could be made out against the faculty member, who was 85% physically disabled, who was framed in this case. The facts about this and a host of controversies comprise the substance of Thampu's memoir titled On A Stormy Course (Hachette India, 2017). ## Works - Kristiya drishtanta: a Christian viewpoint. with Kathleen D. Nicholls, Christopher Raj. Publisher: TRACI (Theological Research and Communication Institute), New Delhi, 1989. - AIDS, heresy and prophecy: what the virus says. TRACI, New Delhi, 1993. - The Word and the World: a Biblical perspective on contemporary issues. TRACI, New Delhi, 1995. - Cross-cultural issues in AIDS: an Afro-Asian advocacy. TRACI, New Delhi, 1995. - Rediscovering Mission: Towards a Non-western Missiological Paradigm. TRACI, New Delhi, 1995. - Be thou my vision: spiritual resources for the healing ministry. TRACI, New Delhi, 1997. ISBN 8190085417. - Religion and politics: minorities and the regeneration of the mainstream. Media House, 1999. ISBN 8174950567. - Pilgrims to the light: encounters in a shared destiny. Har-Anand Publications, 2000. ISBN 8124106436. Ed. Excerpts - Tongues of fire: Sermons for today. TRACI, New Delhi, 2001. ISBN 81-900854-3-3. - Harvest of Hate: Gujarat Under Siege, with Swami Agnivesh. Rupa & Co, India. 2002. ISBN 81-7167-858-0. - The Word and the World, TRACI, New Delhi, 2003. - Othappu: The Scent of the other side, OUP, 2009. - The Dream and the Dragon, TRACI, New Delhi, 1994. - Gift in Green" HarperCollins, Delhi, 2011 - Bible: The Armour of Light, Delhi, 1996. - Hidden Treasures. Delhi, 2005 - On A Stormy Course: In the Hot-seat at St. Stephen's. Hachette, India, 2017. - The Saint of Parumala: A Tribute. Kottayam, 2017. - Thoughts for Trying Times, Mumbai, 2021. - Beyond Religion: Imaging A New Humanity. Pippa Rann Books & Media, UK, 2022. ISBN 978-1-913738-96-9
Prosena siberita	# Prosena siberita ## Abstract Prosena siberita is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae. ## Distribution This species is present in most of Europe, Central Asia, Japan, Mongolia, China, Russia, Transcaucasia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Australia and New Caledonia. It has been introduced and established in United States. The earliest introduction occurred in 1925, when numerous specimens were released in New Jersey for the purpose of establishing a local population to combat the spread of the Japanese beetle. ## Description Prosena siberita can reach a body length of 7.5–10.5 millimetres (0.30–0.41 in). These flies have a grey dusted, fuscous or testaceour body. In males the abdomen is largely testaceous, while in females it is fuscous, densely grey dusted. Thorax shows some yellowish hairs. They have a very long and slender proboscis that they keep hinged under the body. The length of the proboscis is longer than the height of the head. Palpi are highly reduced. Eyes are reddish-brown and bare. Femora are reddish. Wings are hyaline, yellowish-brown at the base. ## Biology Prosena siberita is a univoltine species. Adults are harmless nectar feeders on flowers of various plants (Clematis gouriana, Gnaphalium sp., Tecoma castanifolia, Seseli libanotis, Patrinia scabiosifolia, etc.). Their larvae parasitize the larvae of various Sericini, Melolonthini and Anomalini scarab beetles (Popillia japonica, Adoretus, Anomala, Leucopholis species).
Gianna Jessen	# Gianna Jessen ## Abstract Gianna Jessen (born April 6, 1977) is an American anti-abortion activist. She was born during a failed instillation abortion attempt. The 2011 film October Baby is loosely based on Jessen's life. ## Early life Jessen was born April 6, 1977, in Los Angeles, California. Her medical records indicate that she was born in the 30th week of pregnancy to a 17-year-old girl during a failed saline abortion. Jessen's birth certificate is signed by the doctor who was performing the abortion. Jessen weighed 2.5 pounds (1.1 kg) at birth, and was born with cerebral palsy, a motor condition that affects various areas of body movement, which she says was caused by the abortion attempt. She describes it as a "tremendous gift". Jessen spent three months in the hospital before being placed in foster care. She was adopted at the age of four. ## Career ### 1990s Jessen's career as an activist began in 1991, when she was 14, after her adoptive mother, Diana DePaul, told Jessen she was born to a 17-year-old girl, during a failed abortion attempt. Jessen has since campaigned against abortion, saying "It's more comfortable for people to think of abortion as a political decision, or a right. But I am not a right. I am a human being". Jessen said she's forgiven her birth mother, but is not interested in a relationship with her, citing a strong relationship with her adoptive mother. Jessen has also campaigned against exceptions to late-term abortion laws, on the grounds of fetal disability, citing her own disability. Jessen appeared on the Maury Povich Show with her adoptive mother in 1991. In reporting her story and publicizing Jessen's early life to the nation, The New York Times observed that Jessen and Becky Bell, a teenage girl who reportedly died as a result of a botched unsafe abortion in 1988, had become the symbols of America's debate over abortion and characterized them as "poster girls whose stories are being shrewdly marketed by their supporters to keep passions high." Jessen is a stage name that was adopted when she began her activism. In 1995, four years after Jessen was placed in the national spotlight, author Jessica Shaver published a biography on Jessen. In early 1996, Festival of Light Australia sponsored an Australian tour, during which Jessen spoke at venues in all states and territories. ### 2000s In his speech at the 2002 signing of the Born-Alive Infants Protection Act President George W. Bush mentioned Jessen, acknowledging her presence and extending his appreciation. In December 2005 Jessen travelled to London to support a campaign to reduce the number of abortions under the UK Abortion Act and to speak at a parliamentary meeting at the House of Commons. Both the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of Westminster indicated that they hoped her story would encourage Parliament to look again at abortion. On May 8, 2006, the Colorado State House of Representatives considered a resolution honoring the 90th anniversary of a local branch of Planned Parenthood. Republican representative Ted Harvey invited Jessen to sing the national anthem to the House that day and then told her story "because, 'I just wanted to put a face to this celebration'." In September 2008, Jessen was in Canberra, Australia, sponsored by the Australian Christian Lobby, to lobby federal politicians on late term abortions. The same month, Jessen appeared in a political advertisement during the 2008 US presidential campaign stating, "If Barack Obama had his way, I wouldn't be here", referring to Obama's opposition to "born alive" legislation. ### 2010s In September 2015, Jessen testified at a Congressional hearing investigating Planned Parenthood 's practices regarding fetal tissue donation, following the Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover videos controversy. During her testimony, Jessen said she would ask Planned Parenthood the following question: "If abortion is about women's rights, then what were mine?"
Peralikatuma	# Peralikatuma ## Abstract Peralikatuma is a two-player abstract strategy board game from Sri Lanka (formerly called Ceylon). It is a game related to draughts (checkers) and alquerque as players hop over one another's pieces when capturing them. The game was documented by Henry Parker in Ancient Ceylon: An Account of the Aborigines and of Part of the Early Civilisation (1909) with the name perali kotuwa or the war enclosure. Parker mentions that it is also played in India. It closely resembles another game from Sri Lanka called Kotu Ellima. The two games use the same board which consist of a standard alquerque board but with four triangular boards attach to its four sides. The only difference between the two games is in the number of pieces. In peralikatuma, each player has 23 pieces. In Kotu Ellima, each player has 24 pieces. The game is also spelled as perali kotuma. ## Setup The board consist of a standard alquerque board, and attached to each of its four sides is a triangle each of which are cross-sliced. This makes for a board with 49 intersections (or "points"). Each player initially has 23 pieces which are distinguishable from the other player. Each player initially places their pieces on the first two ranks of their side of the alquerque board, the nearest triangle to them, and the triangle on their left. ## Rules - Players alternate their turns - A player may only use one of their pieces in a turn, and must either make a move or perform a capture but not both. - A piece may move onto any vacant adjacent point along a line. - A piece may capture an opposing piece by the short leap as in draughts or alquerque. The piece must be adjacent to the opposing piece, and leap over it onto a vacant point immediately beyond. The leap must be in a straight line and follow the pattern on the board. The piece may continue to capture within the same turn if it is able to do so. Captures are not obligatory. The captured piece is removed from the board. - The player who captures all of the other player's pieces wins. ## Related games - Kotu Ellima - Sixteen soldiers (sholo guti) - Permainan-Tabal - Draughts - Alquerque - Terhuchu, and the variant called war game - Meurimueng-rimueng peuet ploh - Satoel - Astar
Jane Petrovski	# Jane Petrovski ## Abstract Jane Petrovski (Macedonian: Јане Петровски; born 9 February 1985) is a retired Macedonian professional basketball player who last played for EuroNickel 2005 of the Macedonian First League. ## Macedonian national team Petrovski has also been a member of the Macedonian national basketball team since 2004. ## Achievements - Hungarian League Winner - 2008 - Hungarian Cup Winner - 2008 - Macedonian Cup Winner - 2015
Castle Amber (module)	# Castle Amber (module) ## Abstract Castle Amber is a Dungeons & Dragons adventure module designed by Tom Moldvay. This was the second module designed for use with the Expert D&D set. The module is in part an adaptation of Clark Ashton Smith 's Averoigne stories, and set in the fictional medieval French province of that name. In Castle Amber, player characters explore the haunted mansion of the Amber family and encounter new monsters. They are drawn into a cursed castle surrounded by a deadly mist and must navigate the demented and often hostile inhabitants to find a hidden portal to the world of Averoigne. Breaking the curse requires finding the inter-dimensional tomb of Stephen Amber. The module is inspired by the Averoigne stories of Clark Ashton Smith, Edgar Allan Poe's works, and Roger Zelazny's The Chronicles of Amber series. Castle Amber was first published in 1981 and was ranked the 15th greatest Dungeons & Dragons adventure by Dungeon magazine in 2004. ## Plot summary The player characters explore the haunted mansion of the Amber family, and encounter new monsters such as the brain collector. The module is an adventure scenario set in a castle surrounded by an unusual gray mist. During their night's rest on their way to Glantri, the player characters are unexpectedly drawn into a large castle surrounded by an impenetrable, deadly mist. This is the result of a curse the wizard-noble Stephen Amber (Etienne d'Amberville) put on his treacherous relatives for murdering him. The only way to escape Castle Amber (or Château d'Amberville) is to explore the castle, putting up with the demented, and at times insane, members of the d'Amberville family and the other, often hostile, denizens, and open a hidden portal to the wilderness of the world of Averoigne, where the party can find the means to reach the inter-dimensional tomb in which Stephen Amber rests, in order to break the curse and return home. In this world, magic is frowned upon, and spellcasters may come to the attention of the Inquisition. ## Inspirations The module's credits give special thanks to Clark Ashton Smith and Casiana Literary Enterprises, Inc., "for use of the Averoigne stories as inspirational material." Castle Amber (Château d'Amberville) draws from the Averoigne stories of Clark Ashton Smith. The main non-player characters of the module, the Amber family (d'Amberville in French, as an option), are not actually in any of Smith's stories, and were created by the designer to provide a link to Averoigne. A selected bibliography is included at the rear of the module. In addition to the Averoigne references, there are individual encounters within the module that have allusions to stories written by others. One of the encounters in the module is an homage to (or copy of) the climax of Edgar Allan Poe 's short story Fall of the House of Usher, involving a brother who can hear his dead sister, named Madeline in both cases, crying out from the grave where she was buried alive. The overall module has "a decidedly Edgar Allan Poe feel to it." Another encounter calls to mind the title character and gruesome climax of Poe's Hop-Frog. Many of the creatures also had a " Lovecraftian " feel to them. The module also is inspired by Roger Zelazny 's The Chronicles of Amber series. One character in the first series of rooms is clearly a representation of 'Caine' Amber from the books. The Gray Mist/curse mirrors main character 'Corwin' Amber's curse he utters after his torture and imprisonment by his family, and the room 'The Hall of Mirrors' from the module is inspired by an identical room from the Zelazny book series. Zelazny was aware of these similarities, and on March 15, 1982 he wrote a letter saying he "...satisfied myself that there is nothing actionable there. Ditto on TSR's D&D game, Amber Castle (sic)." ## Publication history Castle Amber was the second module designed for use with the D&D Expert Set. It was written by Tom Moldvay and published 1981 as a 32-page booklet with an outer folder and a cover designed by Erol Otus. The module was developed by Dave Cook, Allen Hammack, Kevin Hendryx, Harold Johnson, Tom Moldvay, and Jon Pickens, and edited by Harold Johnson, Edward Sollers, and Steve Winter. It features art by Jim Holloway, Harry Quinn, Jim Roslof, Stephen D. Sullivan, and Erol Otus. Mark of Amber was a sequel/remake of the original Castle Amber. It was reprinted in 1995 in the form of a boxed set, complete with an audio CD, map posters, and player handouts. It was part of the short lived Masters series. The Castle was renamed Château Sylaire. ## Reception Castle Amber was ranked the 15th greatest Dungeons & Dragons adventure of all time by Dungeon magazine in 2004, and was fondly remembered in Dragon Magazine the same year. In an earlier review in issue No. 35 of White Dwarf magazine, reviewer Jim Bambra rated Castle Amber 6 out of 10. Bambra saw the adventure as "an attempt to bring randomness back into D&D." Bambra considered Castle Amber a chaotic adventure and did not recommend it for purchase, noting that it "depends a lot on chance, leaving little room for skill, and at times can be deadly."
Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve	# Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve ## Abstract Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve is a protected area and tiger reserve located along the area straddling both the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats in the Erode district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The Sathyamangalam Forest Division is part of the Bramhagiri-Nilgiris-Eastern Ghats Elephant Reserve notified in 2003. In 2008, part of the Sathyamangalam Forest Division was declared a wildlife sanctuary, which was further enlarged in 2011 to cover a forest area of 1,411.6 km (545.0 sq mi). It is the largest wildlife sanctuary in Tamil Nadu. In 2013, an area of 1,408.6 km (543.9 sq mi) of the erstwhile sanctuary was notified as a tiger reserve and it was the fourth tiger reserve established in the state as a part of Project Tiger. The reserve is a significant ecosystem and a wildlife corridor in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats and a genetic link between the five other protected areas which it adjoins, including the Billigiriranga Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, Sigur Plateau, Mudumalai National Park, Bandipur National Park and the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary. The reserve covers parts of Sathyamangalam and Gobichettipalayam taluks of Erode District in western Tamil Nadu. The reserve had a tiger population of 80 individuals in 2018 which was 25 in 2011. In 2022, the reserve won the TX2 award by World Wide Fund in collaboration with wildlife conservation agencies for its growth in tiger population. ## History Patches of sandalwood reserves including the Sathyamangalam forests were notified under the Indian Forest Act, 1927. The forests were part of the erstwhile Coimbatore district with a range officer at Sathyamangalam and eight guards. The forest division is currently located in Erode district and forms a part of the Brahmagiri - Nilgiris - Eastern Ghats elephant reserve notified in 2003. Sathyamangalam Forest Division was declared a wildlife sanctuary with effect from 3 November 2008 by the Government of Tamil Nadu as per the Wild Life Protection Act of 1972. In 2008, the Government of Karnataka sent a proposal to declare the contiguous Billigiriranga Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary as a tiger reserve which was subsequently approved in 2010. In a wildlife survey conducted by the Government of Tamil Nadu in 2010, 46 tigers were sighted in the Sathyamangalam forest area. In July 2010, the Minister of State for Environment and Forests of the Government of India requested the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu to consider the possibility of proposing the Sathyamangalam wildlife sanctuary as a Project Tiger reserve as per the provisions of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 as the area is contiguous with the forests of Bandipur and Mudumalai tiger reserves. On 1 April 2010, the Government of Tamil Nadu announced that it would initiate the process to declare the sanctuary as a tiger reserve because of the consistent sighting of tigers in the forest area and that the declaration would strengthen wildlife conservation efforts, as the central government would provide additional financial support for the appointment of additional anti-poaching watchers and for the establishment of anti-poaching camps. On 10 March 2011, the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests said that the proposal for according tiger reserve status for the Sathyamangalam reserve forests is under consideration. He said that studies using camera traps indicated there could be 19 to 25 tigers in the forests. A 2011 camera trap tiger density study conducted by World Wildlife Fund indicated that the sanctuary is home to at least 25 tigers. In the same year, a DNA based project initiated by the state forest department collected 150 samples of pugmarks from the Sathyamangalam forests and 69 of them were found positive for tigers by tests conducted at the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology in Hyderabad. The findings also indicated that the region was home to as many as 30 tigers. Supported by the reports of tiger sightings, the Tamil Nadu Forest Department submitted a detailed report to the state government supporting the proposal to declare the sanctuary as a tiger reserve and the proposal was taken up for consideration by the Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers in early 2012. On 6 April 2012, the Chief Wildlife Warden said that the proposal to declare Sathyamangalam as a tiger reserve has been sent to the Ministry of Environment and Forests for approval and funding. In March 2013, the Government of India issued an order declaring the Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary as the fourth tiger reserve in the state, with the other three being Mudumalai, Indira Gandhi National Park and Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve. ## Expanse The total area originally declared as a sanctuary was 524.3494 km (202.4524 sq mi). The boundaries of the sanctuary were the Thalavadi range of Thalamalai forests and Hasanur, T.N.Palayam ranges of Gobichettipalayam taluk of Guthiyalathur forests, contiguous with Billigiriranga Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary in the north and the rivers of Moyar and Bhavani, contiguous with Mudumalai National Park and Sigur Plateau in the south. The eastern boundary is formed by the Bargur reserved forests in Anthiyur taluk and Bandipur National Park in the west. The sanctuary includes the areas of Guthiyalathur reserved forests (299.47 km (115.63 sq mi)), Guthiyalathur extension (1.62 km (0.63 sq mi)), Thalamalai reserved forests (210.85 km (81.41 sq mi)) and Thalamalai extension (12.41 km (4.79 sq mi)). In September 2011, the Department of forests increased the sanctuary area by declaring an additional 887.26 km (342.57 sq mi) in seven reserve forests of Sathyamangalam forest division. The largest chunks of additional area are 487.92 km (188.39 sq mi) from Guthiyalathur and 319.87 km (123.50 sq mi) from Thalamalai reserve forests, thus increasing the total sanctuary area to 1,411.6 km (545.0 sq mi). Of the total area, the core zone comprises 917.27 km (354.16 sq mi) reserved forests and tourism is allowed in the buffer zone with only forest officials permitted entry into the core zone. ## Flora The Sathyamangalam forest is mostly tropical dry forest, part of the South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests ecoregion. There are five distinct forest types: tropical evergreen (Shola), semi-evergreen, mixed-deciduous, dry deciduous and thorn forests. Evergreen forests are restricted to small patches in a few high altitude hill tops of Sathyamamgalam between 750 m (2,460 ft) and 1,649 m (5,410 ft). These patches are threatened on account of land use changing to hill agriculture and plantation crops, including fruit. Semi-evergreen forests are found at high altitude. Mixed and dry deciduous forests are located on middle altitude slopes and the thorn forests are usually found in the foothills and some times, due degradation of dry deciduous forests, at the middle elevations. About 65% of the forest division is under forest cover. Significant areas of mixed shrubland and grasslands support a large population of herbivore ungulates, the preferred prey of tigers. ## Fauna The Sathyamangalam forests link the Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats allowing gene flow between diverse fauna populations of the two eco-regions. The 2009 wildlife survey conducted by Government of Tamil Nadu enumerated 10 Bengal tiger, 866 Indian elephants, 672 gaurs, and 27 leopards. The survey party observed four additional species of horned antelope including 2,348 spotted deer, 1,068 blackbucks, 304 sambar deer, 77 barking deer and four-horned antelopes, 843 wild boars, and 43 sloth bears. Herds of the famous feral buffaloes can also be spotted in places near the Moyar river. The 2010 wildlife survey counted 12 Bengal tigers. In December 2011, the Conservator of Forests of Tamil Nadu stated that the sanctuary is home to at least 28 tigers as confirmed by a camera trap study conducted by World Wildlife Fund. In the 2012 national wildlife survey, 25 tigers were recorded. In 2018, 80 tigers were recorded. In 2022, the reserve won the TX2 award by World Wide Fund in collaboration with wildlife conservation agencies for its growth in tiger population. As per the 2011 census, the Sathyamangalam forests was home to over 850 Indian elephants and is part of a protected area, which consists of the largest Asian elephant population in the world. ### Birds The reserve hosts many bird species including treepies, bulbuls, Old World babblers, mynahs and crows. In 2010, the first ever bird survey was conducted in the Sathyamangalam forests and a total of 230 species of birds were recorded in the survey. In 2010, a small population of critically endangered Indian vulture (Gyps indicus) and three other species of vultures were discovered in the Moyar river valley. 20 nests were sighted and the population was estimated to consist up of 40 adults. It was last sighted in the region in the 1970s, and the rediscovery is significant to its conservation. Diclofenac, which caused the decline of vulture population was banned in 2006 and since then, vulture numbers have started to grow back. ## Issues and conservation Conservation of the Sathyamangalam Forest Division is administered by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department governed through Conservator of Forests, STR-Erode. The wildlife sanctuary is part of Project Tiger and Project Elephant conservation programmes run by the Government of India. The sanctuary is listed among the top five places in India for poaching tigers by the international wild life trade monitoring network, TRAFFIC. In February 2016, the National Tiger Conservation Authority announced that drones will be used to monitor tiger population in five tiger reserves including Sathyamangalam. The reserve also faces issues due to forest fires, uncontrolled grazing of cattle and growth of invasive plant species, damaging the ecosystem. Man-animal conflicts are common especially with elephants and leopards. Elephants raid crop fields and illegal electric fences used to protect crops mortally wound elephants and five elephants were electrocuted in three-month period between January and April 2013. As of 2011, solar powered fencing that give a short and safe electric shock was laid over a length of 239 km (149 mi) to prevent the entry of elephants into agricultural lands. The state forest department also dug trenches at a cost of ₹ 1.51 crore (US$180,000) to prevent the elephants from entering human habitats. Leopards prey on domestic cattle with as many as 27 goats killed by them in a single month in November 2012. National highway 948 passes through the wildlife sanctuary and wildlife deaths have been reported due to vehicular movement in the highway at night. ## Tribal population Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve forests are home to indigenous tribal people belonging largely to the Irulas, also known as the Urali, and Soliga communities. In 2011, the Tamil Nadu state forest department officials conducted a study on the cattle and human population in the seven forest settlements and 12 revenue settlements inside the protected area. As of 2013, tribals engage in collecting honey, more than 900 families live in 138 villages within a 5 km (3.1 mi) radius surrounding the park. Tribal people engage in agriculture, grazing of animals and collecting minor forest produce such as honey, tubers, fuel wood and fish. According to the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, the tribals were entitled to use designated land within the park area for agriculture and the title deeds for the same are to be distributed within 2016 after the Supreme Court of India vacated a stay order issued by the Madras High Court prohibiting the same. The forests were also the home of notorious criminal and bandit Veerapan, who made a living by poaching, smuggling ivory and sandalwood from the forests and selling them on the black market. Veerapan was killed by the Tamil Nadu Police in October 2004.
Pet Pals in Windland	# Pet Pals in Windland ## Abstract Pet Pals in Windland (Italian: Cuccioli - Il paese del vento) is a 2014 Italian-language animated children's film directed by Sergio Manfio from a screenplay by Sergio, Francesco Manfio, Anna Manfio and Davide Stefanato. Based on the Pet Pals animated television series, it is the second feature-length film based on the series after Pet Pals: Marco Polo's Code (2010). Pet Pals in Windland was produced by Gruppo Alcuni, and co-produced by the Luxembourgish LuxAnimation. It was released in Italian cinemas on 27 March 2014. ## Voice cast ### English dubbing The following is the voice cast of the English dubbed version: - Eileen McNamara as Crow Witch - Angela Mulligan as Holly - Anthony Salerno as Moby - Christopher R. Burns as Pio - Melissa Hope as Diva - Bill Timoney as King Cyclone and Tail - Michael Colasurdo as Top Hat - Joe Rodriguez as Wind Keeper - Bill Rogers as Cuncun - Richard M. Davidson as Ambrosio - Ken Spassione Jr. as Canbaluc - Gary Martin as Kite ## Release Pet Pals in Windland was released in Italian cinemas on 27 March 2014 by 01 Distribution. It had an opening weekend gross of $198,543, finishing with a worldwide box office gross of $356,152. It received positive reception for its ecological messages, such as the importance of renewable energy sources.
(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right	# (If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right ## Abstract " (If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right " is a song written by Stax Records songwriters Homer Banks, Carl Hampton, and Raymond Jackson. Originally written for The Emotions, it has been performed by many singers, most notably by Luther Ingram, whose original recording topped the R&B chart for four weeks and rose to number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1972. Billboard ranked it as the No. 16 song for 1972. In 1972–73, The Faces recorded the song as an outtake for Ooh La La (1973), their final studio album. In 1974, Millie Jackson released her version of the song which received two Grammy Award nominations. In 1978, Barbara Mandrell 's version topped the U.S. country chart, reached number 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 (number 27 Cashbox), and was nominated for Single of the Year at the 1979 CMA (Country Music Association) Awards. Rod Stewart recorded the song for Foot Loose & Fancy Free (1977), his eighth album; as a single it peaked at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart in 1980. ## Content The song is about an adulterous love affair, told from the point of view of either the mistress or the cheating spouse, depending on the gender of the performer. Regardless, both parties involved express their desire to maintain the affair, while at the same time acknowledging that the relationship is wrong according to conventional moral standards. Millie Jackson, however, took a somewhat different approach. On both studio and live recordings, her version is typically divided into three parts: "(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right", "The Rap", and "(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right (Reprise)", which together have a running time of over 11 minutes. The first and third parts include the song more or less as originally written, while the second part was written by Jackson herself. Titled "The Rap", the middle segment is a monologue in which an unrepentant Jackson discusses her status as the "other woman" and why she loves it. The song is sampled in Travis Scott, Young Thug, and Rich Homie Quan 's song " Mamacita " and Pusha T and Kendrick Lamar 's song " Nosetalgia " ## Notable performers It was first recorded by The Emotions (but their version has never been released), and by Veda Brown, whose version was finally released in 2008. Other notable singers to cover it include: country singer Jackie Burns (whose version made Hot Country Songs in 1972), Isaac Hayes, Millie Jackson, Rod Stewart, Percy Sledge, Bobby "Blue" Bland, David Ruffin, Barbara Mason, LeAnn Rimes, Renée Geyer, Ramsey Lewis, jazz chanteuse Della Reese, reggae singers Alton Ellis, George Faith and Glen Washington, Tom Jones, Cassandra Wilson, Nathan Cavaleri, Rania Zeriri, Barbara Mandrell and Johanne Desforges (French cover: Si je ne peux t'aimer a quoi bon exister). In 2020, electronic musician Nicolas Jaar (under his moniker Against All Logic) released his own version called "If Loving You Is Wrong" from his second album 2017-2019, which heavily samples Ingram's version, notably the chorus. ### Chart recordings
Beautiful Creatures (novel)	# Beautiful Creatures (novel) ## Abstract Beautiful Creatures is a 2009 American young adult novel written by authors Kami Garcia and Margaret Stohl and the first book in the Caster Chronicles series. The book was published on December 1, 2009 by Little, Brown, and Company. In the UK, Beautiful Creatures is published by Penguin Books. The book was written in 12 weeks, inspired by a dare (a bet with seven kids the authors knew) and was never intended to be published. ## Characters - Ethan Lawson Wate is the 16-year-old narrator of the novel. He is a high school boy from the fictional town of Gatlin, South Carolina. Though he is not a Caster himself, he somehow has the ability to protect Lena from powerful magic and Dark Casters. He and Lena share a connection called Kelting, which lets them communicate telepathically even if they are miles away. - Lena Duchannes is a Caster who appears in Ethan's dreams before she moves to Gatlin. She must be claimed for either Light or Dark on her 16th birthday. - Sarafine Duchannes is Lena's mother and the strongest Dark Caster. She tries to convince Lena to become a Dark Caster. - Macon Melchizedek Ravenwood is Lena's uncle. He is an incubus who chooses to live off dreams rather than blood. While characters in the book compare him to Boo Radley, he is described by the writers in an interview with Boys with Books, as an " Atticus Finch of badasses." - Genevieve Duchannes was the Caster who caused the curse in Lena's family by trying to bring her dead fiancé, Ethan Carter Wate, back to life by using the Book of Moons. She was likely a Natural. - Ethan Carter Wate was Genevieve's fiancé who died after he was shot during the great burning of Gatlin. Genevieve tried to bring him back to life by using the Book of Moons, which led to her turning Dark. However, Ethan was revived for only a few moments before he died again. - Ridley Duchannes is Lena's cousin and a Dark Caster. She can manipulate people by using a lollipop. - Mitchell Wate is Ethan's father, is a reclusive writer who is deep in mourning for his wife. - Amarie "Amma" Treadeau is a Seer who is like a grandmother to Ethan. She can communicate with her dead family, which she calls the Greats. She is known throughout Gatlin for her culinary skill. - Marian Ashcroft is the librarian of the Mortal and the Caster libraries. She was the best friend of Ethan's late mother, Lila Evers Wate, and has known Ethan since he was born. She greatly rues the fact that she cannot help Ethan when he is in danger because she is a Caster librarian and is bound by Caster rules. - Hunting Phineas Ravenwood is a ruthless incubus who is Macon's brother. Unlike Macon, he feeds on blood, which gives him a more youthful appearance. - Lila Ever Wate was Ethan's mother and died a year before the story took place. She was the best friend of the librarian Marian Ashcroft and is hinted to have had a previous relationship with Lena's uncle Macon in the past. She is later revisited by Macon when he is dying. ## Plot 16-year-old Ethan Wate lives in Gatlin, South Carolina, with his widowed and shut-in father, his superstitious aunt Amarie "Amma" Treadeau, who helped in raising him, and his best friend, Wesley Jefferson "Link" Lincoln. As his return to high school after the summer approaches, Ethan is subject to recurring nightmares, in which he desperately tries to save a mysterious girl. He quickly comes to meet this girl in the flesh: Lena Duchannes, a new arrival to Gatlin, and niece of the infamous town recluse Macon Ravenwood. Though she initially rebuffs his attempts at interacting with her, the pair eventually become friends, despite harassment from other classmates due to the town's distrust of strangers. This excessive hatred escalates until Lena is almost expelled, spearheaded by Link’s mother Mrs. Lincoln. After many strange events, Lena reveals the truth to Ethan: she and her family are Casters, people who possess magical powers. On Lena's 16th birthday, she will be "claimed" as either a Light or Dark Caster without any choice in the matter, and is terrified of becoming Dark. Macon and Amma, who knows of the Caster world, both discourage the two of spending time together, but the two persist and eventually begin a relationship- despite Ethan suffering dangerous electric shocks when being too physical with her. Ethan also encounters Lena's estranged cousin Ridley, a Dark Caster and a Siren (able to manipulate others to do her will), who seduces Link to get close to the pair. The pair discovers a locket at the Greenbrier plantation, which induces visions of their ancestors, Genevieve Duchannes and Ethan Carter Wate, who were engaged during the American Civil War. They discover that Genevieve tried to resurrect Ethan Carter Wate using the magical Book of Moons, after the latter was shot and killed by Union soldiers. Genevieve's use of the spell failed, and as payment, the Book of Moons cursed the Duchannes family by removing their choice to become Light and Dark, and deciding for them instead. Ethan and Lena find the Book in Genevieve's grave and study it for ways to prevent Lena from becoming Dark. Furthermore, Lena is continuously spiritually attacked by a Dark Caster, Sarafine, who is revealed to be her mother. When Lena's birthday finally arrives, Ridley and Link organize a huge party for her, which turns out to be a trap to separate her and Ethan. Ethan is lured away by Ridley, who almost pushes his father to succumb to his depression and commit suicide, but relents due to her newfound compassion for Link. Ethan and Link wade through a Civil War battle reenactment to find Lena, but encounter Sarafine, who had possessed Mrs. Lincoln in order to stoke the town's hate against Lena. Sarafine reveals to the trio that Lena, unlike the rest of her family, has a choice: she can claim herself Light or Dark, but will kill all the Casters in her family of the opposite orientation when she does. They also learn that it is impossible for Casters and Mortals to be physically together, as the shocks would eventually kill Ethan. During Sarafine's attempts to convince Lena to turn Dark, Macon arrives, but is forced to fight his brother Hunting, an Incubus like him, but who feeds on blood, while Macon chose to spend his life feeding on Mortal thoughts and dreams instead to avoid succumbing to his Dark nature. Ethan escapes, but is stabbed by Sarafine while searching for Lena, and falls to his death. Desperate, Lena unleashes her magic and makes the moon temporarily disappear, seemingly canceling her Claiming and postponing it for another year. Lena and Amma find Ethan's body, and unable to let him go, use the Book of Moons as Genevieve did to bring him back to life. The spell succeeds, but exchanges Macon's life for Ethan's. Ethan wakes up, unable to remember what happens, and finds Lena grieving over her uncle. The pair mourn together, and the next day, Ethan finds Lena to have one green eye and one gold- respective marks of Light and Dark Casters. ## Reception Kirkus Reviews writes that "Ethan's wry narrative voice will resonate with readers of John Green as well as the hordes of supernatural-romance fans looking for the next book to sink their teeth into." Booklist also positively reviewed the book, stating "there's plenty teens will like: romance, magic, hauntings, and the promise of more to come." The School Library Journal praised Beautiful Creatures ' s "detailed descriptions" and "satisfying conclusion" and noted that it would appeal to fans of True Blood. Publishers Weekly criticized the book's "protracted climax" but wrote that Beautiful Creatures had a "compelling and dimensional mythology." Despite its use of magic, the book is praised for its "authentic" characters and world. Linda Perez of the Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy states "Stohl writes clearly and lyrically," "the world they've created... is so believable that readers will find themselves unwittingly believing in magic". According to Ilene Cooper of Booklist "the 600 pages could have been cut to make a tight, better story." On January 3, 2013, a new edition of the novel was published that featured images from the movie on the cover. ## Accolades The series was named one of MTV News 's "series to watch" in 2010. ## Adaptations ### Film Alcon Entertainment, with 3 Arts Entertainment and Belle Pictures, produced a 2013 movie version for Warner Bros. thatwas adapted and directed by Richard LaGravenese, starring Alden Ehrenreich and Alice Englert as Ethan Wate and Lena Duchannes and Jeremy Irons, Viola Davis, Emma Thompson, and Emmy Rossum in supporting roles. The film was released on February 14, 2013. The film received mixed reviews and was a box office bomb. Beautiful Creatures: The Official Illustrated Movie Companion by Mark Cotta Vaz, was published in the UK by Penguin Books on 2 January 2013, as a Puffin Paperback. ### Comic book Yen Press announced in 2012 it was adapting Beautiful Creatures into manga format with the artist Cassandra Jean. ### Music In 2016, Martin Mazanek wrote the symphonic poem Lena that was inspired by the book. ## Sequels Beautiful Creatures was signed by Little, Brown, and Company for a four-book series, the Caster Chronicles. It had three sequels: - Beautiful Darkness (2010) - Beautiful Chaos (2011) - Beautiful Redemption (2012)
Kistecephalia	# Kistecephalia ## Abstract Kistecephalia is a clade of dicynodont therapsids. The group was first named in 1894, and was reinstated as a clade in 2009. Kistecephalia is a stem-based taxon defined as all taxa more closely related to Cistecephalus microrhinus than Emydops arctatus. It includes the families Myosauridae, Kingoriidae, and Cistecephalidae and is part of the larger group Emydopoidea. Kistecephalians were small in comparison to other dicynodonts. One group of kistecephalians, the cistecephalids, are thought to have been burrowers. Below is a cladogram from Kammerer et al. (2011) showing the phylogenetic relationships of kistecephalians:
King Kojata	# King Kojata ## Abstract King Kojata or The Unlooked for Prince or Prince Unexpected (Polish: O królewiczu Niespodzianku) is a Slavonic fairy tale, of Polish origin. Louis Léger remarked that its source (Bajarz polski) was "one of the most important collections of Polish literature". ## Synopsis A king and a queen had no children. One day, the king was travelling (hunting to forget his childlessness in the Polish, inspecting his country in the Russian), and grew thirsty. He found a spring with a cup floating in it. Trying to grab the cup did not succeed; it always evaded his hands. When he dropped to drink directly, a creature in the well (the King Kostiei in Polish), grabbed his beard and would not free him until he promised to give it something: in Polish, the most precious thing in his palace, which was not there when he left it; in the Russian, something he knew nothing about, and which he would find on his return home. He promised. On his return, he found his wife had a son. He told no one of the exchange, but when the prince was grown, an old man appeared to him in the woods and told him to tell his father to make good on his bargain. When he told the king, the king told him the truth. The prince set out to pay it. He came to a lake where thirty ducks (Russian) or twelve geese (Polish) were swimming, and where there were clothes on the shore. He took one. The birds came ashore, changed into women, and dressed themselves, except the one whose dress he had. That one, as a bird, looked about, and begged the prince to give her back her clothing. He did so. She was grateful, told him that she was the youngest daughter of the man he had been promised to, and promised to aid him. She told him that when he reached her father, he was to approach him on his knees, without any fear. He obeyed her, although her father gave fearful yells. When he had nearly reached him, her father laughed and said it was well that he had not been frightened. In the morning, he ordered the prince to build him a marble palace in a day. He went to his room, the daughter came to him as a bee, and promised to do it for him, and the next day, the palace was built. The next day, he demanded that the prince pick out his youngest daughter from her sisters. She told him she would be the one with the ladybug on her eyelid (Polish) or fly on her cheek (Russian), and he was able to find her. The third day, he told the prince to make him a pair of boots. The prince was no shoemaker, and the youngest daughter told him that they must flee. She spat on the ground (Polish) or breathed on the window and made frost (Russian), and they fled. When the servants came for the prince, the spit or frost answered for them. Finally, he ordered the door broken, which revealed their flight. The servants chased them. The maiden turned herself into a river, the prince into the bridge, and put three roads into the forest over the bridge. The servants, not knowing which way to go, turned back. Her father told them that they had been the bridge and river. When the servants returned, the maiden turned herself and the prince into a dense forest, with many paths, and the servants became lost and could not find them. When they returned, her father decided to chase them himself. The maiden said that he could go no further than the first church. She demanded his cross. With it, she made herself a church and the prince a priest. Her father demanded if the priest had seen them, and he said that they had passed and had sent their greetings. Her father had to turn back. The shorter Polish version ends here. ### Other variants In the Russian and the longer Polish variants, they came to a town. The prince insisted on going to see it. She warned him that the king and queen would lead out a little child, but he must not kiss it, or he would forget her. She turned into a milestone to await him, but he kissed the child and forgot her. She turned herself into a flower to be trampled. An old man transplanted her, and found that whenever he left, the housework was done. A witch advised him to wait and throw a cloth over whatever moved. This revealed her, and he told that the prince was to marry. She went to the feast and got the cook to let her make the wedding cake. When it was cut, two doves flew out, and one of them begged the other to not abandon it, as the prince had abandoned the maiden. The prince got up at once, found her, found his horse, and rode off with her to his father's kingdom. ## Translations Andrew Lang included the Russian version King Kojata, in The Green Fairy Book. A. H. Wratislaw collected a Polish variant Prince Unexpected in his Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources, as tale number 17. Josef Baudiš published a Czech version in English, simply named Kojata, in his book of Czech folk tales The Key of Gold in 1917 (reprinted in 1922). In this version, the princesses are enchanted into duck forms. In a compilation of Slavic fairy tales, author Karel Jaromír Erben, in his annotations, indicated that a version of the story, titled About Prince Unexpectedly, or The Skeleton King, originated from a Polish book of fairy tales by A. J. Gliski. In addition, in a Czech language book of Slavic fairy tales, Erben published a variant where the antagonist describes himself as "Kościéj nesmrtelný" (litt. 'Koschei, the Non-dying'), that is, the sorcerous Koschei, the Deathless. A version of the tale, named Kojata and sourced as Russian, was published in The Golden Fairy Book. In this version, the prince's father was named Kojata, not the antagonist (named Czernuch, the king of the subterranean realm), and the thirty bird maidens bathe in their avian forms (an inversion of the common Swan maiden narrative). Another version of the tale, titled Kojata, appears in A Book of Wizards by Ruth Manning-Sanders. French Slavicist Louis Léger translated the tale as Le Prince Inespéré ("The Unexpected Prince"). The tale was translated into English as The Unlooked-for Prince and included by Andrew Lang in The Grey Fairy Book. ## Analysis ### Tale type The tale is classified in the Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index as ATU 313, "The Magic Flight" or "Maiden helps the hero flee", with the episode of the "forgotten fiancée". The subtype of The Forgotten Fiancée (type 313C) occurs by the "Kiss of Oblivion" motif. The East Slavic Folktale Classification (Russian: СУС, romanized: SUS) also indexes it as type SUS 313, "Чудесное бегство" ("Miraculous Escape"), but it recognizes three distinct subtypes: SUS 313 A, where the antagonist pulls the hero's father by the beard; SUS 313 B, with the rat and sparrow quarrel episode, and SUS 313 C, with the concluding episode of the "Forgotten Bride" (Forgotten Fiancée). Philologist and folklorist Julian Krzyżanowski, establisher of the Polish Folktale Catalogue according to the international index, classified Kojata as type T 313A, "Ucieczka (Dziewczyna ułatwia bohaterowi ucieczkę)" ("Flight (Girl facilitates the hero's escape)"). ### Motifs A. H. Wratislaw suggested the antagonist of the story is the Polish version of Koschei the Deathless, the wizard character of Russian folklore. He also suggested that King Kojata "should be compared" to " The Water King, and Vasilissa the Wise ". The princesses, royal daughters of King Kostei, are enchanted maidens who transform into their geese disguise. When they take off the disguise to bathe and play in the water, a human male hides the clothing of the youngest - a story that mirrors the widespread tale of the swan maiden. ## Variants ### Hungary In a Hungarian tale published by author Val Biro with the title King Greenbeard, the titular King Greenbeard has travelled the whole world for seventeen years, and stops to drink water from a brook, when, suddenly, the hand of the King of Devils grabs the man's beard. The king begs for his release, but the King of Devils makes him promise to deliver that which the king does not know he has at his country, then lets go of the beard. The king returns home and discovers he has a teenage son named John, then realizes he has to surrender his son to the devil. John decides to depart and meet the King of the Devils, and passes by the same brook where his father made his deal. The youth sees seven golden ducklings swimming about, and some folded cloaks on the grass. He puts one of the cloaks into his satchel, and one of the ducklings begs him to return it. She turns into a beautiful maiden, tells him she is the daughter of the King of the Devils, and gives him a ring, so he can traverse twelve doors to reach her father, and promises to help the human when they meet again at her father's house. John finally reaches the house of the King of the Devils and is ordered to perform tasks for him: to make a feathered hat out of a cabbage leaf, to make silver spurs out of cabbage water, and to create brass scales out of a jug of pure water. With the King of Devils' daughter's help, John fulfills the first two tasks, but the girl says the third one is impossible to do, and bids them flee that same night. The girl turns herself into a bird, her mare into a golden apple and prince John into a golden ring, and flies away from her father. After reaching King Greenbeard's country, the girl assumes her normal form, turns John back and marries him. The tale was also republished as Son of the Green-Bearded King, wherein the antagonist is described as "King of All the Waters". ### Mordvin people In a tale from the Mordvin people titled "Обещанный сын" ("The Promised Son"), an old couple are sad for not having any children. One day, the old man walks a bit and stops by a mill to drink a bit of water from the river. However, a creature comes out of the depths and grabs the man by the beard, making him promise to deliver the creature the thing the man does not know he has at home. The old man returns home and discovers his wife gave birth to a boy. Years later, the boy has a dream about a gray-bearded man telling him to remind his father of the deal. The boy decides to leave home and walks through the woods until he reaches the hut of Baba Yaga. The witch tells the boy that the gray-bearded man is her brother-in-law, who has a daughter by Baba Yaga's sister, and another eleven from a second marriage. The witch advises the boy to roll a ball until it reaches the edge of a lake, wait for the coming of twelve doves (who are the gray-bearded's daughters), steal the clothes of the eldest daughter. The boy does and steals the clothes of the eldest daughter, and only returns it after she declares she will make him her husband. The girl turns the boy into a grouse and herself back into a dove, and both fly to the gray-bearded man's house. There, the gray-bearded man orders the boy to perform some tasks for him: to build a bridge over a river; to raze a forest, plant a wheat field, harvest it, grind the grain into flour, and prepare a bread with the flour - all of this overnight; and identify the girl from a row of his twelve daughters. The girl helps the boy either by magic spells or by her advice. He identifies the girl from the row of daughters, but the girl's step-mother becomes enraged, and plans to destroy the pair. The gray-bearded man's eldest daughter tell the boy they have to escape, and her step-mother and eleven step-sisters go after them. The pair turn into a shepherd (the boy) and a sheep (the girl). They deceive her family and fly back to the boy's father's house. ## Adaptations American author and folklorist Robert D. San Souci adapted the tale as his book The Tsar's Promise: a Russian Tale, wherein King Kojata is the name of the king that promises his son to the antagonist.
George Hardwick	# George Hardwick ## Abstract George Francis Moutry Hardwick (2 February 1920 – 19 April 2004) was an English footballer, manager and coach. During his time as an active player, he was a left-sided defender for Middlesbrough and Oldham Athletic. He was also a member of the England national football team, playing in 13 international matches and serving as the team's first post- World War II captain in all 13 of those matches, and is the only England player to be captain in every one of his appearances. In 1947, the nations of Great Britain joined to form a football team, which Hardwick captained and led to victory (6–1) against the rest of Europe. Owing to a knee injury, Hardwick's international career ended after twelve matches. He is held in high esteem by Middlesbrough fans, and is regarded as the greatest defender in the club's history. After his career as a player, Hardwick served as player-manager for Oldham Athletic and manager for PSV Eindhoven, and for six months in 1957, the Netherlands national football team. He later managed Sunderland and Gateshead. Today, his legacy lives on in the form of The George Hardwick Foundation, a charity dedicated to helping carers, former carers and patients. His wife Jennifer, who cared for George during his later years, is a patron. They have three main sites at Stockton, Middlesbrough and The University Hospital of North Tees.
Jungle Warriors	# Jungle Warriors ## Abstract Jungle Warriors, also called The Czar of Brazil (Euer Weg führt durch die Hölle, "Your Path Leads Through Hell", in Germany) is an action film, released in the United States in November 1984. The film was shot in Mexico and the old West Germany, but recreated the scenario of a South American jungle. Though is not a well-known film, it stars -among other recognized names- Sybil Danning (a famous American B-movie actress), Dana Elcar (MacGyver 's boss on the celebrated TV series) and Paul L. Smith (who appeared in movies like Midnight Express, Dune and Red Sonja). Renowned movie star Dennis Hopper had a secondary role on the film, but later was replaced by actor Marjoe Gortner. ## Plot A group of eight virgin gorgeous American models take a long trip to South America, to participate in a photo session on a location deep in the jungle, apparently somewhere around Peruvian tropical forest. While flying over a cocaine plantation, their plane is shot down by Cesar, a dangerous drug lord, and the girls are taken prisoner by his army. Cesar suspects that an undercover police officer is among the models (in fact, one of the women actually is a special agent), so he orders his mercenaries to drag the girls into his dungeon for interrogation. After being tortured by Angel, Cesar's sister, and each one is cruelly gang-raped by at least twenty soldiers, the models are imprisoned in an underground cell to await Cesar's decision whether to execute them or keep them as slaves for his soldier's "entertainment". With the help of an old female servant, the models manage to escape from the basement jail and get some guns. As they make their way toward freedom, they run into a high-level Mafia meeting there in Cesar's manor. A final gunfight breaks out as the women fight to take revenge and escape alive. The movie follows the line of sexploitation films (with a mix of Women in prison film and rape and revenge films), being a low-budget production with some nudity and rough sexual-violence. In fact, it contains a large rape scene, showing the defenseless girls tied by the wrists to the dungeon's ceiling and fences and being sadistically stripped, groped and abused by dozens of soldiers. Precisely, this strong scene made the film rated R and, consequently, couldn't aim to a mass audience. On later releases and in the edited for T.V. version, this scene has been deleted, to allow for a wider audience. ## Cast and crew Director... Ernst R. von Theumer Writers... Robert Collector, Marc Furstenberg. Cast: - Nina Van Pallandt... Joanna Quinn - Paul L. Smith... Cesar Santiago - John Vernon... Vito Mastranga - Alex Cord... Nick Spilotro - Sybil Danning... Angel - Marjoe Gortner... Larry Schecter - Woody Strode... Luther - Kai Wulff... Ben Sturges - Dana Elcar... D'Antoni - Suzi Horne... Pam Ross - Mindi Iden... Marci - Kari Lloyd... Brie Klinger - Ava Cadell... Didi Belair - Myra Chason... Cindy Cassidy - Angela Robinson... Monique Rogers - Louisa Moritz... Laura McCashin
Vitrinula chichijimana	# Vitrinula chichijimana ## Abstract Vitrinula chichijimana is an extinct species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusc in the family Ariophantidae. This species was endemic to Japan.
Hot Sauce Committee Part Two	# Hot Sauce Committee Part Two ## Abstract Hot Sauce Committee Part Two is the eighth and final studio album by the American hip hop group Beastie Boys, released on May 3, 2011, through Capitol Records. The project was originally planned to be released in two parts, with Hot Sauce Committee, Pt. 1 originally planned for release in 2009. The release was delayed after band member Adam "MCA" Yauch 's cancer diagnosis. After a two-year delay, only one collection of tracks, Part Two, was released and the plan for a two-part album was eventually abandoned after Yauch's death on May 4, 2012. The album was critically acclaimed upon release, with the energetic rapping, experimental production, and disregard for contemporary hip hop trends being praised. It also performed well commercially, debuting at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 chart. The release was supported by four singles – " Lee Majors Come Again ", " Too Many Rappers " featuring Nas, " Make Some Noise ", and " Don't Play No Game That I Can't Win " featuring Santigold. ## Background The album was previously known by the working title Tadlock's Glasses, which was stated to refer to a former bus driver named Tadlock, who used to drive for Elvis Presley 's back-up singers. Presley once gave Tadlock a pair of glasses which he was proud of. It was later speculated that the Tadlock's Glasses story was simply a joke misinterpreted by the media. A large amount of material was recorded, and the plan was to release the album, now called Hot Sauce Committee, in two parts as the Beastie Boys revealed to Drowned in Sound. Regarding the album's structure, Yauch stated, "It’s a combination of playing and sampling stuff as we’re playing, and also sampling pretty obscure records. There are a lot of songs on the record and there are a lot of short songs and they kind of all run into each other." A commentary track included with the Check Your Head re-release mentions that Bob Dylan would appear on the album. ### Part 1 The first part of the album was intended to be called Hot Sauce Committee, Pt. 1 and was prepared for release, with artwork revealed and a planned release date of September 15, 2009. In an interview, the trio stated that the album was completed and that they would tour the United Kingdom to support the new record. This was delayed after Adam "MCA" Yauch was diagnosed with cancer. On July 20, 2009, Yauch announced the cancellation of tour dates, and assured fans that he should be fine after surgery. In October 2009, Adam Yauch announced that the band had not yet decided a new release date, but was quoted saying he was hoping to release it in the first half of 2010. Drowned in Sound also gave a review of the first part on June 28, 2009, the same time they did the interview with the Beastie Boys for the album. It features most of the tracks which appeared on Part Two in a different order with the additional skit "Bundt Cake" which was described as "Another skit, this time a mere 21 seconds over a crisp drum break with snatches of cyber vocals". The track listing was listed as follows. ### Part 2 An email sent out on October 17, 2010, from the Beastie Boys announced that Hot Sauce Committee Pt. 1 would be shelved indefinitely, and Hot Sauce Committee Pt. 2 would be released in 2011. An email sent the following week now clarified that Pt. 2 would be released with almost exactly the same track list as was announced for Pt. 1, excluding the track "Bundt Cake." No date was set for Part 1. The project was finally released in May 2011 under the title Hot Sauce Committee Part Two, with a slightly altered track listing including a new version of "Too Many Rappers". According to Andrew Eastwick from Tiny Mix Tapes, "Long Burn the Fire" paid homage to the 1970s soul -rock band Black Merda with its fuzz -inflected guitar riffs. Its song title, Eastwick continued, "may also be a sly nod" to music critic Robert Christgau, who recommended the band's 1972 record of the same name to the Beastie Boys in his review of their 1994 album Ill Communication. ## Leaks and promotion On April 6, 2011, "Make Some Noise" was leaked online five days ahead of its release date and subsequently made available via their blog. It was released on time as a digital download and as a limited edition 7" vinyl single for Record Store Day five days later with a Passion Pit remix of the track as a B-side. To promote the album, the Beastie Boys released clips of two songs: " Lee Majors Come Again " features hardcore punk, while the "B-Boys in the Cut" is an a cappella piece. The tracks were previously released with a select few copies of the Check Your Head vinyl edition package. "Lee Majors Come Again" and "Here's a Little Something for Ya" are featured in remixed form on the Activision video game, DJ Hero. "Lee Majors Come Again" also appears in Skate 3. A clean version of "Pop Your Balloon" was released on the soundtrack to NBA Live 10 in mid-2009. The album was launched on April 23, 2011 by live-streaming the album online via boombox inside Madison Square Garden; two days later, they streamed the explicit album version via SoundCloud to combat the leaking of the clean promo version over the previous weekend. The online launch had been announced with the cryptic message "This Sat, 10:35 a.m. EST – Just listen, listen, listen to the beat box" sent by email on April 22, 2011. "Here's a Little Something for Ya" also features on the soundtrack for 2011 film Real Steel. ## Singles " Lee Majors Come Again " was released as the album's first single in 2009. It was released as a 7" single, and some of these singles were distributed with select copies of a reissue box set of the group's third studio album Check Your Head A version of the song " Too Many Rappers ", featuring Nas, was released as the album's second single in July 2009. It peaked at #93 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the Beastie Boys' first single in five years to chart on the Hot 100, after 2004's " Ch-Check It Out ", which peaked at #68. "Too Many Rappers" has also been nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group. This may not be regarded as belonging to this album as at the time it was intended for and promoted as part of the (never released) Hot Sauce Committee Pt 1 album. A revised version of "Too Many Rappers" was included on the Hot Sauce Committee Pt 2 album. The next single, " Make Some Noise " was released as a download on April 11, 2011 and five days later as 7" vinyl single for Record Store Day. "Make Some Noise" reached at #7 in Alternative Songs chart, #15 in Rock Songs, #18 in Japan Hot 100 and #76 in Canadian Hot 100. On July 26, 2011, " Don't Play No Game That I Can't Win " was released as the fourth single. It debuted at #80 on Billboard's R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, marking the group's first appearance on the chart in 24 years, after 1987's " Brass Monkey " which peaked at #83. ## Critical reception Upon its release, Hot Sauce Committee Part Two received acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 83, based on 42 reviews, which indicates "universal acclaim". Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic gave the album four and a half stars out of five, saying " The Hot Sauce Committee, Pt. 2 does find the Beastie Boys at their best." Dave Simpson of The Guardian gave the album four out of five stars, saying "Now in their fourth decade of working together, the Beasties' eighth studio album revisits their old-skool roots. However, their wit and invention transforms such tired cliches into their freshest offering in years." Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone gave the album four out of five stars, saying "We get the sound of master musicians in their comfort zone, doing everything their own way. Nobody would want to hear the Beasties try anything else." Matt Diehl of the Los Angeles Times gave the album four out of four stars, saying "This is vintage Beasties, all exuberant pass-the-mike battle rhymes and gritty break-beats so funky, it’s near impossible not to head-bob through the entire record." Mark Richardson of Pitchfork Media gave the album a 7.0 out of 10, saying "Taken together, these 16 songs, which seem to touch on just about everything the Beastie Boys have said and done, may not add up to something amazing, but they do the job." ## Commercial performance Hot Sauce Committee Part Two debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200, selling 128,000 copies in its first week. ## Track listing All tracks are written by Beastie Boys; additional lyrics on "Too Many Rappers" by Nasir Jones and "Don't Play No Game That I Can't Win" by Santi White Note The bonus 7" has tracks 17 and 18 reversed. ## Personnel Personnel adapted from album liner notes. - Mike D – vocals, drums - Ad-Rock – vocals, guitars - MCA – vocals, bass guitar, upright bass - Money Mark – keyboards - DJ Hurricane – turntables - Mix Master Mike – turntables - Beastie Boys – producers, engineers, art direction ## Charts
Sacalia	# Sacalia ## Abstract Sacalia is a genus of turtles in the family Geoemydidae (formerly Bataguridae). The genus was erected by John Edward Gray in 1870.The Sacalia is native to Southereastern China, Laos, and Vietnam. It was declared an endangered turtle species by the IUCN Red List due to its illegal trade. The sacalia has a carapace of dark-brown color that permits it to camouflage to its habitat. They are believed to select the area of a river that better matches their color. ## Species Two species are recognized. - Sacalia bealei, Beale's eyed turtle or Beale's four-eyed turtle - Sacalia quadriocellata, four-eyed turtle ## Hybridization What was described as a new species, Sacalia pseudocellata, Chinese false-eyed turtle, is actually a hybrid of a male Cuora trifasciata and a female Sacalia quadriocellata.
Bob Forrest	# Bob Forrest ## Abstract Robert O'Neil Forrest (born February 15, 1961) is an American musician who is best known for his work with the Los Angeles bands Thelonious Monster and The Bicycle Thief. Forrest, a recovering drug addict, has worked for years as a recovery advocate and is cofounder of Oro House Recovery Center. He hosts podcasts called "Rehab Bob" and "The Don't Die podcast". Forrest is the former Chemical Dependency Program Director at Las Encinas Hospital. In 2010, he and co-founder Shelly Sprague launched Hollywood Recovery Services. In September 2006, he released his first solo album, Modern Folk and Blues Wednesday. He is also a drug counselor, appearing alongside Dr. Drew Pinsky on Celebrity Rehab and Sober House. He contributed the song "Moonshiner" to the I'm Not There soundtrack. Forrest was good friends with River Phoenix, whose overdose death affected Forrest deeply. In 2008, he began releasing a series of live digital EPs exclusively at his official website. In 2010, Forrest began hosting a weekly radio show, All Up In The Interweb, airing Wednesday nights on Indie1031.com. On October 1, 2013, Forrest released Running with Monsters: A Memoir which he co-wrote with author Mike Albo. Forrest is the subject of Bob and the Monster, a documentary about his music career and battles with drug addiction. The documentary was released in March 2011 and continues to play on the film festival circuit. The DVD was released in September 2013. Forrest released a new album, Survival Songs, on October 9, 2015, which was produced by Ian Brennan. It is a folk album featuring new material and folk versions of existing Thelonious Monster and Bicycle Thief songs. After Keith Levene parted ways with John Lydon, Forrest featured on one of his records, singing on the track "I'm Looking For Something." On April 5, 2023, it was announced that Forrest along with Anthony Kiedis and Ron Burkle had formed the production company Said and Done Entertainment. Their first project will be an animated series for TBS called Hellicious which is based on the comic book of the same name. Forrest will also serve as an executive producer on the series.
Mundelein High School	# Mundelein High School ## Abstract Mundelein High School (MHS) is a public four-year high school located in Mundelein, Illinois, a northern suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. The school serves the Village of Mundelein and parts of surrounding villages, include Vernon Hills, Grayslake, Hawthorn Woods, Round Lake, Wauconda and Libertyville. Its feeder schools include Carl Sandburg Middle School, Fremont Middle School, West Oak Middle School portions of Hawthorn Middle School North and Hawthorn Middle School South. ## History The school was contracted in 1960 and commenced classes in 1961. The school was expanded in 1973, 1977, 1987 (including a new pool), 1997, and 2016 (including a new STEM wing). A 2023 referendum for a renovation of the school failed to pass that would have costed over $225 million, $175 million of which would have been funded by a raise in property taxes. ## Academics At one time, the school was home to an "Aviation Technology" class from 1980 until the early 2000s in which students constructed an airplane from a kit for private sponsors. The class prepared future aviation technicians. It was one of the few aviation technology programs in a high school. It was removed from the curriculum due to lack of sponsors and a lack of accredited teachers, as the school required teachers to not only hold an Illinois teaching certificate but also either a pilot's license or an airframe-and-powerplant mechanic certificate from the FAA. During the 1992-93 school year, Mundelein High School was awarded the Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education. ## Athletics The Mundelein Mustangs compete in the North Suburban Conference. The boys' gymnastics team won state championships in 1989, 1990, 1993, 1998, 1999, and 2000. According to the Chicago Tribune, the school has "one of Lake County’s most successful high school baseball programs", being the runner-up in the 2016 and 2022 for the IHSA Class 4A baseball tournament. The program had to postpone several games in 2023 due to allegations of hazing and violations from several students of the school's athletic code of conduct. ## Demographics According to the 2023 – 2024 Mundelein High School fact sheet, 47.6% of students for that year were Hispanic, 39.4% were White, 6.0% were Two or More races, 4.8% were Asian, and 2.1% were Black. ## Performing arts MHS fields two competitive show choirs: the varsity/open division "Sound" and the JV/prep division “Reverb”. The program formerly hosted an annual competition. Mundelein also has a competitive dance team, which hosts an annual invitational. Mundelein has a band program. In 2020 and 2021, the Jazz Ensemble performed at the Midwest International Band and Orchestra Clinic. Its Jazz Ensemble also won first at the Purdue Jazz Festivals in 2019, 2020, and 2022. ## Notable alumni - Ryan Borucki, professional Major League Baseball player for the Toronto Blue Jays, Seattle Mariners and Pittsburgh Pirates - Sean McNanie, professional football player for the Buffalo Bills, Phoenix Cardinals, and Indianapolis Colts
Emydops	# Emydops ## Abstract Emydops is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsids from the Middle Permian to Late Permian of what is now South Africa. The genus is generally small and herbivorous, sharing the dicynodont synapomorphy of bearing two tusks. In the following years, the genus grew to include fourteen species. Many of these species were erected on the basis of differences in the teeth and the positioning of the frontal and parietal bones. A 2008 study narrowed Emydops down to two species, E. arctatus (first described by English paleontologist Richard Owen as Kistecephalus arctatus in 1876) and the newly described E. oweni. ## History and discovery Emydops was first discovered and named in 1912 by Robert Broom, in which he described the species E. minor. Although later on it was suggested that the genus included 13 more species, Frobisch and Reisz (2008) suggests that only E. oweni and E. arctatus are the only valid species of Emydops. With the appearance of E. minor marking the beginning of the stratigraphic range of Emydops in the Late Permian -aged Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone from the Karoo Basin of South Africa, it is argued that a specimen found in the vicinity of the Middle Permian to Late Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone and Middle Permian Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone of Beauford West belongs to Emydops. Whether the specimen is from the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone or Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone, both indicate that Emydops stratigraphic range began earlier than it has been previously accepted. ## Description ### Skull The skull of Emydops is small, up to 5 cm (2 in) long. The premaxillae and maxillae of Emydops are less pronounced than those of more mature dicynodonts, and they are generated downward as a distinct outer rim that is most developed around the canines. Anteriorly, the rim continues slightly downwards and forms the tip of the upper beak. The orbits are positioned far anteriorly in the skull, and face forward and upward. The temporal region is large in proportion to the face and provides attachment for the laterodorsal trigeminal musculature of enormous bulk. In dorsal view, the temporal vacuities are described to be large and the ventrolateral region of the cheek is deeply excavated. Convergently evolved from cynodonts, dicynodonts also have a secondary palate which consists of a broad, flat, horizontal plate formed anteriorly by the palatines. Additionally, it extends posteriorly by the palatines, which dip gently downward to the rear. The reflected lamina of the angular bone of Emydops is large and fan-shaped, like other small dicynodonts. However, unlike many dicynodonts, the reflected lamina of the angular bone of Emydops has a broad, thin, unsupported sheet that terminates in a long, free border rather than the sheet folding and converging anteriorly toward a marginal thickening on the angular body. As well, a broadened lateral dentary shelf on the lower jaw serves as another distinguishing feature of the genus. ### Dentition Most skulls of Emydops bear a pair of caniniform tusks, diagnostic of dicynodonts, There are generally three postcanine teeth present in the upper jaw of Emydops. They are arranged in a straight line parallel to the mandibular teeth. As seen in cross-section, the crowns of the maxillary postcanine teeth are unserrated and round to slightly widened. In contrast, the mandible of Emydops consists of seven functional teeth, in which the crowns are described as pear-shaped: they have wide, blunt anterior edges and sharp, strongly serrated posterior edges. The holotype specimen of E. oweni is unusual in that it has two pairs of tusks. The second pair of tusks is not seen in any other dicynodont, and is a feature unique to the specimen. The extra tusks are considered a pathological feature; they are thought to have been the result of a mutation in the individual and are not considered a defining characteristic of the species. ## Systematics ### Taxonomy Robert Broom first came up with the name Emydops in 1912 when describing small dicynodonts with unserrated postcanines. The validity of E. minor and the twelve additional species before E. oweni was uncertain until two important revisions of small dicynodonts were released in 1993 by King and Rubidge (1993) and Keyser (1993). Keyser (1993) suggested that the genus be named Emydoses and only include some species previously described and not all of them. Ray (2001) rejects this name and insists that Emydops should be kept due to taxonomic stability. Eventually Angielczyk et al. (2005) was published, mentioning the possibility of E. arctatus having priority over the other described species of Emydops. All of the species before E. oweni were restudied and their taxonomic status was reevaluated. Frobisch and Reisz (2008) argue that the thirteen species before the discovery of E. oweni all fall under E. arctatus. ### Phylogeny Below is a cladogram from Kammerer et al. (2013). The data matrix of Kammerer et al. (2013), a list of characteristics that was used in the analysis, was based on that of Kammerer et al. (2011), which followed a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Dicynodon. Because of this, many of the relationships found by Kammerer et al. (2013) are the same as those found by Kammerer et al. (2011). However, several taxa were added to the analysis, including Tiarajudens, Eubrachiosaurus, Shaanbeikannemeyeria, Zambiasaurus, and many "outgroup" taxa (positioned outside Anomodontia), while other taxa were re-coded. As in Kammerer et al. (2011), the interrelationships of non- kannemeyeriiform dicynodontoids are weakly supported and thus vary between the analyses. ## Paleobiology ### Feeding Dicynodonts were dominant tetrapod herbivores most of the Upper Permian, thanks to their masticatory apparatus. When Emydops ate, the cutting of material happened at the beak when the external adductor muscles applied a vertical force (jaw elevated). Later on in the masticatory cycle, the dentary teeth also did cutting when the external adductor muscles applied an even stronger horizontal force (jaw retracted). The bottom teeth of Emydops are described as pear-shaped: they have wide, blunt anterior edges and sharp, strongly serrated posterior edges, suggesting that the teeth were effective in cutting only when the jaw moved backwards. ## Paleoenvironment Although speculated to originate from an earlier assemblage zone, it is well known that Emydops was found from the Late Permian Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Other herbivorous dicynodonts were found in this assemblage zone such as Pristerodon, Diictodon, Tropidostoma, and Endothiodon.
Joseph Thomas Last	# Joseph Thomas Last ## Abstract Joseph Thomas Last (1849, Tuddenham - 1933, Shortlands) was an English missionary, explorer and naturalist. In 1872 Last was ordained at the Church Missionary College. From 1874 to 1876 he was in East Africa at the mission at Kisulutini. He briefly returned to Britain and then in 1877 he was appointed to the Usagara Mission at Mpwapwa. In 1880 he founded a new station at Mamboya in the Nguru mountains. After seven years in East Africa he returned to Britain in December 1884. Later he was associated with Royal Geographical Society and the Imperial British East Africa Company. He visited Portuguese East Africa in 1885, explored the Namuli Mountains and discovered the caves at Mangapwani in Zanzibar. Last made important collections of African Lepidoptera and Mollusca. ## Works partial list - Notes on Western Madagascar and the Antinosi Country - A Visit to the Masai People Living beyond the Borders of Nguru Country. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 5 (9): 517-543, 568 (map), 1883. - Grammar of the Kamba Language, Eastern Equatorial Africa (1885) - On the Society's Expedition to the Namuli Hills, East Africa Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 1887.
List of municipal flags of Tōhoku region	# List of municipal flags of Tōhoku region ## Abstract This page lists the municipal flags of Tōhoku region, Japan. It is a part of the List of Japanese municipal flags, which is split into regions due to its size. ## Complete lists of Japanese municipal flags pages - List of municipal flags of Hokkaidō - List of municipal flags of Tōhoku region - List of municipal flags of Kantō region - List of municipal flags of Chūbu region - List of municipal flags of Kansai region - List of municipal flags of Chūgoku region - List of municipal flags of Shikoku - List of municipal flags of Kyūshū ## Aomori Prefecture ## Iwate Prefecture ## Miyagi Prefecture ## Akita Prefecture ## Yamagata Prefecture ## Fukushima Prefecture
Sixteen Going on Seventeen	# Sixteen Going on Seventeen ## Abstract " Sixteen Going on Seventeen " is a show tune from the 1959 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The Sound of Music. ## Background The lyrics of the song state that Liesl is a young girl at the beginning of her womanhood, and that she can depend on Rolf for guidance, because he is a good year older. Since the comparative maturity of the two characters is the opposite of that expressed in the song, this is an example of lyrical irony. A reprise of "Sixteen Going on Seventeen" is also sung by Maria and Liesl when the Captain and Maria came back from their honeymoon and Rolf has rejected Liesl. In the stage version, there is an introduction to the reprise for Maria to sing. This quatrain was originally written as the verse intro to Climb Ev'ry Mountain but reassigned to the Sixteen Going on Seventeen reprise later on. It was cut from the film version of The Sound of Music, but included on reissues of the soundtrack recording. In the motion picture version, the song was filmed in and around a gazebo which is still visited by hundreds of tourists each day doing "Sound of Music" tours around Salzburg though the gazebo interiors were filmed in Hollywood. Charmian Carr was actually 21 years old when the song was filmed. ## State Farm remix State Farm Insurance released an advertisement campaign, featuring a remix of the show tune as a rock song. It was produced by the audio production firm Modern Music. ## In popular culture This song was used twice on Family Guy. The song is heard in the episode " Family Gay " and Lois sings the song to her daughter Meg in the episode " Peter's Two Dads," trying to guess how old she is. The song was reimagined by Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders in an episode of their sketch show French and Saunders where, as one of several sketches based on the movie, the two sit in the gazebo singing the lyrics "I am French/And you are Saunders". The song was used as the outro music for " Tea Leaves," a fifth-season episode of the US television series Mad Men. The song was used in the 1996 British film Beautiful Thing. On the second night they share a bed, Jamie kisses Ste for the first time, and the song is heard playing at the end of the scene. The song continues playing through to the following scenes. On May 4, 2000, Julia Louis-Dreyfus was a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman, ending her visit on the show by performing a rendition of the song with fellow Seinfeld co-star, Jerry Seinfeld himself. A movie in 2004, 13 Going on 30, is named after this, and also includes a parody. Seohyun of Korean pop group Girls' Generation did a cover of it for their "Into the New World tour". It was later put on the tour album. It is a part of the play in The Pacifier (starring Vin Diesel). The song is used by the AM station WGR in Buffalo leading into discussions about the Bills playoff drought. The "Sixteen Going on Seventeen" scene is featured on The Orville episode "If the Stars Should Appear" when Klyden asks to see something to make him happy in addition to eating rocky road ice cream as "depression food" following an argument with Bortus. Laibach did a cover of the song for their "The Sound of Music" album, which was inspired by their 2015 tour in North Korea. In an October 1993 episode of EastEnders, Grant Mitchell teases Michelle Fowler with a line from the song (and another time using a line from the 1959 song " Only Sixteen ") after finding out from that Michelle was 16 when she became pregnant to her daughter, Vicki (fathered by his then-wife's Sharon's father, Den Watts).
Ribs (band)	# Ribs (band) ## Abstract Ribs (stylized as RIBS) is an American space rock/grime band based in Boston, Massachusetts. The band is fronted by guitarist and vocalist Keith Freund, while Chris Oquist plays drums. Over the years, the band as developed a DIY-method of recording, mixing and releasing work, releasing all their music on their independent label, Arbitrary Music Group. Several of the band's singles have been featured in TV shows and movies, although no singles by the band have charted. The first single by the band "Silencer" was featured in the MTV show Teen Mom 2. Their single "Queen of Hearts" was featured in the film Something Wicked. Their first EP, British Brains, was released June 8, 2010 and was Bandcamp’s #1 rock release on its release week. They released a digital 2-song double A-side single, Locrian Singles on January 25, 2011, which is available for free on Bandcamp. RIBS released their second EP, Russian Blood, on May 29, 2012. Most recently, the band opened for Queens of the Stone Age during the band's final leg of the...Like Clockwork Tour. During their career, the band has opened for several notable artists including The Joy Formidable, The Soft Moon, and White Rabbits. In 2012, the band won “Rock Artist of the Year” at the 2012 Boston Music Awards. After a five-year hiatus, the band returned with their single, "1992", which was released on June 21, 2019. On July 26, 2019, they released their second single, "Too Long". ## Discography ### EPs - British Brains (2010) - Locrian Singles (2011) ### Studio albums - Russian Blood (2012) ### Singles - "Silencer" (2010), featured in Teen Mom 2 - "1992" (2019) - "Too Long" (2019) - "Hand" (2020)
Gwenn Seemel	# Gwenn Seemel ## Abstract Gwenn Seemel (born 1981) is an American painter. She paints contemporary portraits and releases her work under free licenses. ## Personal life and education Seemel lives and works in Long Beach Island, New Jersey in the United States. ## Career Seemel mainly paints portraits. When she paints a portrait, she takes photographs, for an hour, of the sitter before painting them. The sitter is asked to talk about themselves during the photography session. Seemel creates the painting from the photographs. The paintings consist of " geometric patterns and layers of color." Seemel cites printmaking as an inspiration for her painting technique. Seemel painted a portrait of Randy Leonard in 2009, which was displayed in the Portland City Hall. Campaign money was used to buy the painting. Her 2009 exhibition, "Apple Pie," featured portraits of Superman, Susan B. Anthony and Elvis Presley. In 2010, Seemel partnered with artist Becca Bernstein to create their version of portraits of ten subjects. Subjects included family members and the artists themselves. A 2012 exhibition called "Crime Against Nature," includes paintings of animals that don't fit into the gender binary such as dolphins and squirrels. Seemel releases her work under a free license, and encourages the remixing, use, and sharing of her work.
Hot Damn! (Every Time I Die album)	# Hot Damn! (Every Time I Die album) ## Abstract Hot Damn! is the second studio album by American metalcore band Every Time I Die. ## Background In mid-December 2002, it was announced that the band had booked time to record their next album in February 2003, with the aim of releasing it in June. Recording took place at Trax East studios in South River, New Jersey with producer Eric Rachel. On February 13, it was announced that drums had been tracked and that progress on guitars was underway. "Romeo a Go-Go" is the lead track of this album. It mentions literary figures such as Milton, Shakespeare, Donne, and Chaucer. According to frontman Keith Buckley: "At the time that we wrote the record, I was like finishing up at U.B., and I had to take like, a ton, a ton of literary courses because I was an English major and I had to take a ton of literary courses to get my degree in the amount of time I had. So, I was taking like, six literature courses. So I was taking like Milton and Shakespeare, and John Donne and Chaucer, like all at the same time. So that was pretty much pervasive in my life. Like, all that old literature. So, I mean, if there is somebody out there that would actually put the time into reading hardcore lyrics, which I doubt there is, then, you know, there is a lot of Shakespeare images in there, just because that was what I was reading at the time." ## Release Following recording, the band went on tour with Unearth and Evergreen Terrace in March 2003. Before embarking on another tour, the band filmed a music video with director Darren Doane for "Ebolarama". In April, the band performed a few shows with the Dillinger Escape Plan. In April and May, the band went on tour with Hopesfall, the Beautiful Mistake, and Celebrity. In May and June, the band went on tour with Give Up the Ghost. Throughout parts of tour, the Hope Conspiracy, Suicide File, My Chemical Romance and Black Cross performed on select dates. On June 2, Hot Damn! was announced for release in the following month. Later in June, the band went on a UK tour with Nora. Hot Damn! was released on July 1 through Ferret Records. Following this, the band made an appearance at Hellfest. In late July and early August, the band went on tour with Throwdown, Terror, and Day of Contempt. Following this, the band went on tour with Comeback Kid for the remainder of August. In September and October, the band went on a US tour alongside From Autumn to Ashes, Cave In and Funeral for a Friend. In early and mid-November, the band went on tour with Senses Fail. Following this, the band went on tour with Poison the Well in November and December. This Day Forward, ArmsBendBack, the Bronx, Nora and Codeseven appeared on select dates of the tour. The band performed a few US shows in late January 2004, before embarking on a European tour in February with Chimaira and Stampin' Ground. Prior to the tour, the group's manager put in a bid for them to play Ozzfest. Vocalist Keith Buckley said "No one had their hopes up or anything, so we just focused on the tour." While on the tour, the band received a call "saying it was looking real good, and by the time we got home it had already gone through. We were pretty blown away." On March 8, Hot Damn! was released in Europe by Roadrunner Records. It included two live recordings from Hellfest and a cover of the Guns N' Roses song "I Used to Love Her". The band supported As I Lay Dying and the Black Dahlia Murder on their co-headlining tour of the US in March and April. The band performed a few shows in late April with Throwdown, Walls of Jericho and 36 Crazyfists, prior to headlining the New England Metal and Hardcore Festival. In May, the band went on tour of the US with Evergreen Terrace and the Kinison. On May 17, a music video for "I Been Gone a Long Time", directed by Greg Kaplan and Rafaela Monfradini, was posted online by Ferret Music. Between early July and early September, the band participated in the 2004 edition of Ozzfest, performing on the second stage. In between dates on the tour, the band performed a few shows with Lamb of God, Atreyu and Unearth. In addition, the band performed at the PigStock 10 festival in mid-August. From late September and early November, the band supported the Dillinger Escape Plan on their headlining US tour. In February 2005, the band supported Shadows Fall on their Extreme Dojo Vol. 12 tour in Japan, followed by a tour of Australia. The album was reissued on vinyl as part of a box set along with Last Night in Town (2001) and Gutter Phenomenon (2005). The box set was released on December 12, 2006 through Suburban Home Records. Both Hot Damn! and Gutter Phenomenon were repressed in September 2008. ## Reception Hot Damn! sold close to 4,000 copies two weeks after its release. Ferret Music founder Carl Severson spent two years promoting Last Night in Town. Within five weeks, Hot Damn! had outsold Last Night in Town. The music video for "Ebolorama" was nominated for Best Metal Video of the New Millennium by MTV. ## Track listing ## Personnel - Keith Buckley – vocals - Jordan Buckley – guitar - Andrew Williams – guitar - Michael "Ratboy" Novak Jr. – drums - Stephen Micciche – bass ## Chart positions Album - Billboard (North America)
HMC ML Q050	# HMC ML Q050 ## Abstract HMC ML Q050 was the first of a series of wooden Canadian-built Fairmile B motor launch (ML) boats delivered to the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) on 18 November 1941. Originally designed for the Royal Navy by W.J. Holt of the British Admiralty and built by British boatbuilder Fairmile Marine, during the Second World War 80 Fairmile B motor launches were built in Canada for service with the Coastal Forces of the RCN. ## Design Built of double mahogany (diagonally) with an eight-inch oak keel and based on a line of destroyer hulls, the Fairmiles arrived in prefabricated kits to be assembled for the RCN by 13 different boatyards. In contrast to the British built boats, the Canadian Fairmiles were narrower, had a greater draught, and were slightly more powerful giving the Canadian boats a two knot speed advantage over the British boats. With a fuel capacity of 2,320 gallons of 87 octane gasoline, the early Fairmiles (Q050 to Q111) were powered by two 650 hp engines, could reach a top speed of 20 knots (max), 16.5 knots sea speed and a range of 1925 miles at 7.5 knots. Later versions (Q112 to Q129) were fitted with larger 700 hp engines able to achieve a top speed to 22 knots (max), with a range of 1925 miles at 7.5 knots. Crewed by two or three officers and 14 sailors, accommodation on the Fairmiles was thought to be "cramped but comfortable". Another unique design feature of the Fairmile B was that with 48 hours notice each boat could be reconfigured to serve in a different role. Fitted with steel strips and tapped holes to ease equipment swaps, weapons and specialist gear such as torpedo tubes, mines, depth charges, and guns could be quickly stripped and attached to the boat. In two days, a Fairmile could have its weapons and equipment reconfigured to serve as an escort, minesweeper, minelayer, navigation leader, coastal raider, patrol boat, ambulance or rescue launch. "Armament consisted of three 20mm Oerlikon guns, mounted forward, aft and amidships; two.303 machine-guns; one 9mm Sten gun; two.303 rifles; three.45 revolvers; and 20 depth-charges of 300 Ibs each, including eight fitted for the "Y" gun. Each boat was equipped with sonar, radar and WIT." The first thirty-six Canadian Fairmile B type were designated and painted up as CML 01-36 (coastal motor launch). ## Fairmile Flotillas Affectionately known as the little ships, little fighting ships, or Q-boats by their crews, during the Second World War the Fairmile B motor launches of the RCN played a vital role escorting shipping along the St. Lawrence River, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and between Newfoundland and the mainland of Canada. Regularly deployed in flotillas of six The Little Ships relieved larger escort craft urgently needed elsewhere by carrying out anti-submarine patrols, port defence and rescue duties. Based out of shore establishments on the St. Lawrence River, Halifax, Saint John, Shelburne, Sydney and on the West Coast; at sea the RCN Fairmile Fleets were accompanied by two " mother ships " HMCS Preserver (F94) and HMCS Provider (F100) providing fresh water, fuel and medical services. ## Operational history While she flew the White Ensign, ML Q050 was not a commissioned ship, but rather listed as a tender to escort depot ship HMCS Sambro. From January to April 1944 ML Q050 was listed as part of the 71st ML Flotilla and her commanding officer Lt Alfred George Beardmore, RCNVR was assigned as the Senior Officer (S.O.) of the Flotilla. In December 1944, she was listed as part of the RCN North-West Atlantic Command Gaspé Force (Administered by N.O. i/c., Gaspé), 71st Motor Launch Flotilla. After the war, she was sold for C$7,900 in late 1945 by the War Assets Corporation (WAC) to Marine Industries Ltd. Sorel (MIL) and returned for resale to Consolidated Shipbuilding Ltd., Morris Heights, N.Y. In 1946 she was sold to Standard Oil Bahamas Ltd. (Bermuda) and renamed Stanba I (#176991) to be used for offshore geomagnetic surveying in the Bahamas. Her final disposition is unknown. ## Gallery
Emmanuel Koum	# Emmanuel Koum ## Abstract Emmanuel Koum (5 January 1946 – 26 November 2008) was a Cameroonian former professional footballer who played as a striker. He played for Oryx Douala, Grenoble, Monaco, Arles, Chaumont and Moulins.
Hilaire Hurteau	# Hilaire Hurteau ## Abstract Hilaire Hurteau (May 4, 1837 – February 10, 1920) was a notary and political figure in Quebec. He represented L'Assomption in the House of Commons of Canada from 1874 to 1887 as a Liberal-Conservative member. He was born in Contrecoeur, Lower Canada and educated at L'Assomption College. He studied law with notary Isidore Hurteau in Longueuil, later qualifying to practice as a notary. In 1859, he married Delphine Beaudoin. Hurteau served three years as mayor of St-Lin and three years as warden for the county. He also served as secretary-treasurer of schools. Hurteau was vice-president of the Laurentian Railway Company. His election in 1874 was overturned after an appeal but he won the subsequent by-election in 1875 by acclamation. ## Electoral record By-election: On Mr. Hurteau being unseated on petition, 24 November 1874
1899–1900 Aston Villa F.C. season	# 1899–1900 Aston Villa F.C. season ## Abstract The 1899–1900 English football season was Aston Villa 's 12th season in the Football League First Division, the top flight of English football at the time. Villa finished the season as Champions for the fifth time extending their record as the most successful League team. Sheffield United set the pace this season and built up a six-point lead by the end of December. Villa grew stronger towards the end of the season, losing just one game in their last 13, to leave United in second place by two points. Villafinished their programme first, leaving a mathematical chance for the Blades if they scored plenty of goals in the last two games. Their last game at Burnley was lost, leaving Villa champions by two points. Billy Garraty, great-great grandfather of footballer Jack Grealish, was League top scorer this season. Garraty was a local man, signed from Aston Shakespeare, and just 21 years of age this season. He was an industrious player able to play in almost any position – one of the first great "utility" players. He was capped once by England. He scored 96 goals in 224 League games during his career at Villa. There were debuts for Chris Mann (10), Jim Garfield, Michael Noon, Charlie McEleny and Alf Watkins. ## Football League Ever-present: Billy George, Fred Wheldon First at top: 17 Feb Players used: 21
Darnell Coles	# Darnell Coles ## Abstract Darnell Coles (born June 2, 1962) is an American professional baseball player and current hitting coach for the Washington Nationals of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB and Nippon Professional Baseball primarily as a third baseman and outfielder from 1983 to 1997. He has coached in MLB since 2014. ## Early life Coles was a four-sport letterman and three time baseball MVP at Eisenhower High School. ## Playing career On June 3, 1980, Coles was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the first round (sixth pick) of the 1980 Major League Baseball Draft. He turned down both a baseball scholarship and a football scholarship to UCLA to sign with the Mariners. In 1986, he hit a career-high 20 home runs for the Detroit Tigers. He had two three-home run games in his career: in 1987 with the Pittsburgh Pirates and in 1994 with the Toronto Blue Jays. ## Coaching career In 2006, Coles was hired as the roving hitting instructor for the Washington Nationals organization. He was the manager of the Vermont Lake Monsters in 2007, and manager of the Class A Hagerstown Suns in 2008. On November 19, 2008, he was named the hitting coach for the Nationals Triple-A affiliate, the Syracuse Chiefs. On October 10, 2013, Coles was selected to manage the Milwaukee Brewers Triple-A affiliate, the Nashville Sounds, after previously managing the organization's Double-A Huntsville Stars from 2012 to 2013. However, on November 25, the Detroit Tigers announced the hiring of Coles as assistant hitting coach. On October 23, 2014, the Milwaukee Brewers announced Coles replaced Johnny Narron as the hitting coach. He resigned after the 2018 season and became the hitting coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks. On June 10, 2021, Coles was relieved of his position with the club. He was hired by the Washington Nationals to be their hitting coach following the 2021 season.
Diceratias trilobus	# Diceratias trilobus ## Abstract Diceratias trilobus is a species of deep sea marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Diceratiidae, the double anglers. The fish is bathypelagic and has been found as deep as 1,216 metres (3,990 ft). It is endemic to the northwest Pacific Ocean.
Evelina Mount	# Evelina Mount ## Abstract Evelina "Nina" Mount (1837–1920) was a 19th-century American female artist. Born in Stony Brook, New York in 1837, as a daughter of an artist, Evelina was introduced to art at an early age by her father, Henry Mount, and her paternal uncles, Shepard Alonzo Mount and William Sidney Mount, with the latter being her mentor for the first three decades of her life. She is best known for her floral still-lifes and landscapes. ## Early life Evelina Mount, nicknamed "Nina," was born on July 31, 1837, to parents Henry Smith Mount (1802-1841) and Mary Bates Ford (1805-1887); she had five siblings: Julia Hawkins (1827-1855), Elizabeth Reeves (1829-1911), Henry John (1832-1894), Thomas Sheppard "Judge" (1834-1900), and Malcolm (1839-1887). Evelina's father, known for his artistic skills in painting still-lifes and signs, died in 1841 from tuberculosis when Evelina was just four years old. She was raised in Stony Brook, New York, residing in the Hawkins-Mount House where she lived for most of her life except for brief, periodic stays in New York City. During the 1840s, the Hawkins-Mount House was co-occupied by the family of Shepard Alonzo Mount and William Sidney Mount, Evelina's artistic uncles who encouraged her interest in art. ## Education and training Growing up in the mid-nineteenth century, Evelina was one of the few women on Long Island who surpassed the constraints of her time to become a successful artist. One of the main reasons Evelina was able to work around the propriety and social standards for young women was her familial connection to her artistic paternal uncles, especially William Sidney Mount. William was a mentor to Evelina and encouraged her to practice her artistic skill through informal training and observation with him. He provided instruction regarding perspective and choice of paint colors, freely offered commentary on Evelina's work, and when asked, he added finishing touches to her paintings. Several of Evelina's paintings are copies of William's paintings with small changes or additions of a feminine quality. For example, Evelina's oil on canvas Mount House from Road is a meticulous replica of William's oil The Mount House (1854) except for her addition of a bonneted figure of a woman in the background who stands next to the original male figure. William Sidney Mount started encouraging Evelina to pursue formal artistic training in New York City in the 1850s and in 1867-1868 Evelina undertook a course of study with Hudson River School artist James McDougal Hart. Between 1871 and 1878, Evelina exhibited a total of seven paintings at the annual exhibitions of the National Academy of Design, six of which were identified as still-life florals. Besides exhibiting at the National Academy of Design, Evelina only exhibited publicly one other time at the Academy of Design in Chicago where she showed her painting, Vase of Flowers. Although she is considered Long Island's first professional woman artist, Evelina rarely sold her works; instead she chose to gift them to family and friends. ## Style and technique ### Still-lifes Evelina is best known for her paintings of floral still-lifes. As a young artist in her twenties, Evelina strived to depict her florals in a conventional manner, which typified one popular style of art in the late 1850s. Her early representations of wildflowers, for example, her oil on canvas titled Daisies, clearly reflects conventional representation of nature in an outdoor setting. She also took interest in flower arrangements strewn haphazardly together which are also examples of the popular style of this time (see example Roses and Fuchsia, 1867, oil on canvas). The placement of these flowers on a tabletop with minimal background reflect Nina's desire to keep the arrangements within a contained, logical space. After her training with James McDougal Hart in the late 1860s, Evelina's floral still-life style underwent a change. She departed from her conventional settings and explored more unique views. Her oil painting Floral Wreath, depicts a wreath attached to a branch suspended in space. Although Evelina very rarely dated her artworks, when she painted her still-lifes can be approximated by comparing them to those that were dated as well as the style in which they are painted. ### Landscapes While Evelina is known for her floral still-lifes, her artistic skills with landscape paintings are also noteworthy. Like her uncle and mentor William Sidney Mount, Nina preferred to paint the area which she was most familiar, her hometown of Stony Brook, Long Island. Many of her landscapes feature the Hawkins-Mount House and grounds where she resided most of her life. These paintings reflect her love of the area as well as the endless painterly possibilities of the old farmhouse and surrounding property. Other local structures she depicted, such as the Setauket Mill and the Longbotham Farm provide some of the only visual evidence of their existence today. Evelina also participated in plein-air painting, a popular artistic movement of her time. For example, her oil on canvas The Dock House, Stony Brook, which was painted outdoors, reflects the spontaneity and freshness associated with works completed in the open air. Unlike her florals, the style of her landscapes did not drastically change, making it difficult to date these works. ## Later days Evelina Mount ceased painting by the 1890s. Her reasons for abandoning her art is unclear, but may be due, in part to the death of her uncle and mentor, William Sidney Mount in 1868 and her loss of connection to he New York City art scene. Evelina Mount suffered a stroke in 1910 and was confined to a wheelchair until her death, at age eighty-three, on July 24, 1920. Evelina was buried alongside her sister Elizabeth in the Presbyterian Churchyard in Setauket, New York where her uncle, William Sidney Mount is also buried. ## Notable collections - The Long Island Museum of American Art, History, and Carriages - owns 96 works by Evelina Mount - the majority of her known surviving drawings and paintings.
St. Lenox	# St. Lenox ## Abstract St. Lenox is an American indie pop outfit from Columbus, Ohio, United States, helmed by Andrew Choi. On stage, St. Lenox consists of Andrew Choi and a rotating list of musicians from Columbus and New York City, including Chris Hills, Nick Federinko, Jorge Vega, Brandon Vitruls and Jesse Waits. St. Lenox is currently on the Don Giovanni Records label. AllMusic states that the project "ha resulted in some of the most unique and unconventionally thrilling pop music in the late 2010s," noting Choi's use of "profoundly engaging biographical narratives" and American social commentary, observing "he has certainly carved out his own distinctive niche and owns it completely." Similarly, Popmatters refers to Choi's penchant for auto-biography and American commentary as Whitmanian, stating that St. Lenox "celebrates himself, New York City, the diverse people and occupations of Americans, and the body electric" in his work. ## Biography ### Early life Prior to St. Lenox, Andrew Choi was a concert violinist, who attended the pre-college program at Juilliard School, where he was a student of Won Bin Yim and Dorothy Delay. Choi was a 1st Prize winner of the American String Teacher's Association National Solo Competition for the violin. Choi was also the concertmaster of the World Youth Symphony Orchestra at the Interlochen Center for the Arts. Choi received an undergraduate degree from Princeton University, a PhD from The Ohio State University and a JD from New York University. ### Ten Songs About Memory and Hope (2015) St. Lenox's debut album, Ten Songs About Memory and Hope has received critical acclaim, with NPR noting Choi's "gigantic voice" and observing "He belts out his regrets with uncanny melisma, like John Darnielle channeling Tony Clifton." Dusted Magazine observed "confessions include Mountain Goatsesque fictions... detailed memories with slightly sci-fi skews of the present... But he belts them with an utter lack of guile... You want to hang out with the guy. You want to hear him talk." College Music Journal called St. Lenox "a mournful... act that features odd but slowly ingratiating melodies and time signatures, not to mention Choi’s tear-stained, journal-like lyrics that spill out and around the songs. Live, it can be arrestingly intense or just curious, depending on your ability to let love in, as Nick Cave might say. And actually, there’s a darkness to St. Lenox that probably means he has a few Cave CDs on his shelves." Comparisons with the Mountain Goats include statements from John Darnielle, who called Choi a "lyricist of the highest order," remarking that he was "feeling really evangelical about just how good a lyricist Andy choi is." Alternatively, Josh Terzino of Music. Defined notes that St. Lenox has "a storytelling style reminiscent of a young Billy Joel." In 2015, Ten Songs About Memory and Hope was placed on a number of local and regional End-of-Year lists. Of note, the Editor-in-Chief of Noisey (VICE 's music division) named the song "Bitter Pill" one of the ten best songs of the year, noting "this might be one of the saddest songs I’ve ever heard." ### Ten Hymns from My American Gothic (2016-2017) In October 2016, St. Lenox released his sophomore album, "Ten Hymns From My American Gothic," written as a gift to his father, who immigrated from South Korea, in honor of his 70th birthday. Commenting on the album in Angry Asian Man, Choi noted that the album focused on first and second-generation American narratives, and was written as a form of modern American social realism. Given the timing of the release, some writers interpreted the album as a commentary on the 2016 Presidential Election. The album was critically well-received, with PopMatters calling the record "nothing short of a 21st century pop masterpiece," and praising St. Lenox as a "singular voice" in a period marked by "the ever increasing white noise overwhelming the internet in the wake of the great democratization of recording." The review, noting the immigration themes throughout, compared the song "People From Other Cultures" to the "Parents" episode of Master of None. AllMusic similarly praised the album as an example of "true 21st century songwriting" observing that St. Lenox’s "gutsy indie pop chronicles the modern American experience in a dazzling litany of soulful free verse." The Harvard Crimson, comparing Choi’s voice to Chris Stapleton and Van Morrison proclaimed it a "stellar album, covering the experience of the children of immigrants from the emotional highs of boundless optimism to cultural disconnect … one of the most interesting releases of the year." Premiering the video for the song "Thurgood Marshall", Stereogum described Choi’s voice as "one of the most striking instruments in music today." The song "Thurgood Marshall" was additionally featured as a Best Songs of the Week at Consequence of Sound and Vulture, and referenced as part of the popular culture history of the late Supreme Court justice in Time Magazine. "Ten Hymns" appeared on a number of national and regional End-Of-Year lists, in particular making the Best Albums of 2016 list at PopMatters, as well as being one of the highest rated albums of 2016 on Metacritic, receiving a Metascore of 85. The record was also the highest rated indie pop record from PopMatters for the year 2016, as well as the highest rated indie pop record of 2016 according to album review aggregator Album Of The Year. ### Ten Fables of Young Ambition and Passionate Love (2018) In May 2018, St. Lenox debuted material from his third album, "Ten Fables of Young Ambition and Passionate Love" on podcast Improv4Humans, performing a live version of the opening track, "Hashtag Brooklyn Karaoke Party" with comedians Paul F. Tompkins, Janet Varney, Seth Morris and Matt Besser. St. Lenox subsequently released the album in September 2018. Stereogum premiered the record, hailing St. Lenox as "a truly unique and captivating American songwriter," and exclaiming that "no one sings like Andrew Choi." PopMatters praised the record's literary qualities, describing St. Lenox as "a lyrical genius" with comparisons to Walt Whitman, noting "Choi's a Whitmanian who... celebrates himself, New York City, the diverse people and occupations of Americans, and the body electric... full of wry observations about the people and places he encounters and his search for love that capture the old courage teacher's modern sensibility." AllMusic similarly highlighted the record's distinctly American observational commentary, noting that St. Lenox "manages to remain relatable and grounded, spinning with great fervor tales that while unique to his path could also belong to thousands of other Americans trying to navigate their way across the confusing social landscapes of their own cities and communities... Choi's extravagant presentation and lingering Midwestern humility somehow cancel each other out and into the creative enigma that is St. Lenox." As with "Ten Hymns", "Ten Fables" appeared on a number of national and regional End-Of-Year lists, in particular being ranked #43 on PopMatters Best Albums of 2018 List, as well making the AllMusic list of Best Indie Pop and Indie Rock Albums of 2018. ## Influences St. Lenox's voice has drawn a variety of comparisons, with Cincinnati CityBeat pointing to similarities with Cee-Lo Green, Ryan Adams and Adam Levine. El Correo compares St. Lenox's voice to that of Cee-Lo Green and Stevie Wonder. Willfully Obscure notes "I'd more accurately slot his soaring, penetratingly melodic timbre somewhere between Stevie Wonder and Adam Levine. But upon deeper investigation... something all the more indigenous and captivating, a la Jeff Buckley or Rufus Wainwright." Notably, Stereogum has referenced St. Lenox's voice in an increasingly wide variety of contexts, comparing his voice to that of John Darnielle, Michael Stipe, Jamie Stewart, Craig Finn, Cee-Lo Green and Wesley Willis. ## Other Appearances St. Lenox appeared on a limited-run streaming series, organized by staff at MTV called "Streamed Dumplings". He also made a brief musical appearance on the TLC show Extreme Cheapskates, serenading a couple on their first date. ## Discography ### LPs - Ten Songs of Worship and Praise for our Tumultuous Times (2021) - Ten Fables of Young Ambition and Passionate Love (2018) - Ten Hymns from My American Gothic (2016) - Ten Songs About Memory and Hope (2015) ### EPs - Five Songs in the Style of Fritz Kreisler (2014) - That Old Time Religion Maxi-Single (2013)
Heart's All Gone	# Heart's All Gone ## Abstract " Heart's All Gone " is a song by American rock band Blink-182 from the band's sixth studio album, Neighborhoods (2011). The song, written by bassist Mark Hoppus, guitarist Tom DeLonge, and drummer Travis Barker, was released on August 5, 2011 as a pre-release track from Neighborhoods, although not a single. It is one of the band's fastest songs, and is largely a throwback to the sound of previous releases. In addition, it recalls the band's upbringings in the West Coast punk scene. It received favorable reviews from contemporary music critics. A music video was released on September 28, 2011. ## Background "Heart’s All Gone" is one of the band's fastest songs, alongside " Josie " and "The Party Song". "It's really fast, it's real dark, but I think it's just awesome. I'm totally proud of that song," said Hoppus. ## Music "Heart's All Gone" is reminiscent of Blink's earlier material, with fast-paced guitars and drums. It largely recalls the band's upbringings in a "nurturing, often slapstick" Southern California punk scene, and was compared to their late-1990s contemporaries, Bad Religion and Pennywise, as well as NOFX. James Montgomery of MTV News compared the song's heavier sound to that of the band's second studio album, Dude Ranch (1997), and the band's 2003 track " Stockholm Syndrome ". Jason Lipshutz of Billboard opined that the song's lyrics, namely "Take off the gloves / We fell in love by the side of the road / This desert will break you down" reference a "souring romance set in Las Vegas." ## Music video A music video for the song, directed by Jason Bergh, premiered on September 28, 2011. It features the band performing the song live at their Atlanta, Georgia stop on the 10th Annual Honda Civic Tour. ## Reception "Heart's All Gone" was the second song to debut from the band's sixth studio album, Neighborhoods. In contrast to the debut of the first single, " Up All Night ", from Neighborhoods — on influential Los Angeles rock station KROQ — "Heart's All Gone" was released to a much more subdued fanfare, with a simple link from Hoppus' Google+ profile. The link revealed a special site (www.heartsallgone.com), titled and instructing users to "Command the A", by pressing the command (or control) button plus the A key on their keyboards. Doing so would reveal the lyrics and an MP3 download of the song. The song was one of the first the band performed from Neighborhoods, alongside " After Midnight ", " Ghost on the Dance Floor " and " Up All Night ", and was debuted on the first night of the band's 10th Annual Honda Civic Tour, at the PNC Bank Arts Center in Holmdel, New Jersey. James Montgomery of MTV News commended the song's "breakneck guitars, yelped vocals and cascading drums," making reference to his own personal anticipation for Neighborhoods: "From the sound of things, the new Blink-182 may very well be adept at everything Sort of only makes the anticipation that much greater." Jon Dolan of Rolling Stone gave the song three stars out of five, writing, "The second taste of Blink's comeback LP reboots their bubblegum punk, setting a post-breakup bitchfest to shrink-wrapped hardcore that's pitched perfectly between the mosh pit and the food court." BBC Music described the song as "blisteringly fast," commending Barker's drum work on the song. Thomas Nassiff of AbsolutePunk called the song "instantly accessible," noting that, for fans, " the high-energy pop-punk track we all wanted." Kyle Ryan of The A.V. Club referenced it as "a stripped-down punk song that sounds like late-'90s Blink in the best way. It’s also one of the few songs where Mark Hoppus sings lead." ## Personnel - Mark Hoppus – vocals, bass guitar, guitar, producer - Tom DeLonge – guitar, producer - Travis Barker – drums - Chris Holmes – co-producer, mix engineer - Jeff "Critter" Newel – co-producer
Australian Archaeological Association	# Australian Archaeological Association ## Abstract The Australian Archaeological Association (AAA) is an archaeological organisation in Australia. Membership is open to anyone interested in furthering archaeology in Australia. Sometimes referred to by the nickname Triple A, the association was founded in 1973 at a meeting held during the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science (ANZAAS) Congress in Perth, Western Australia, following earlier discussions during the 1972 Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies General Meeting, and the ANZAAS Congress held in Sydney later that year. The association's aim is to further archaeology in Australia with the stated purpose: to promote the advancement of archaeology; to provide an organisation for the discussion and dissemination of archaeological information and ideas; to convene meetings at regular intervals; to publicise the need for the study and conservation of archaeological sites and collections; and, to publicise the work of the Association. ## Journal and annual conference The association has published the journal Australian Archaeology since 1974. It was originally published as a newsletter for the association and gradually became a peer-reviewed academic journal. It is currently published by Taylor & Francis. AAA hosts an annual conference for its members that rotates around Australian cities. During the annual conference four major awards are generally bestowed: - Rhys Jones Medal for Outstanding Contribution to Australian Archaeology (established in 2002 in honour of Rhys Jones) - Life Membership for Outstanding Contribution to the Australian Archaeological Association - Bruce Veitch Award for Excellence in Indigenous Engagement - John Mulvaney Book Award (established in 2004 in honour of John Mulvaney) ### National Archaeology Week The AAA supports the "National Archaeology Week", which is an annual week long series of events that aims to increase public awareness of Australian archaeology and the work of Australian archaeologists both at home and abroad, and to promote the importance of protecting Australia's unique archaeological heritage. Beginning on the third Sunday in May every year, the program of events and activities includes public lectures, seminars, exhibits, demonstration excavations and displays.
Misleading of parliament	# Misleading of parliament ## Abstract The misleading of parliament is the knowing presentation of false information to parliament, a very serious charge in Westminster system parliamentary assemblies. Government ministers who are found to have misled parliament will generally lose their ministerial portfolio. By convention, a minister found to have misled parliament is expected to resign or face being sacked. The Scottish Ministerial Code requires ministers to resign if they mislead the Scottish Parliament. For witnesses giving testimony to an Australian parliamentary committee, giving misleading evidence can be considered a contempt of parliament. ## Notable instances ### Australia - Motorola affair: John Olsen, Premier of South Australia, was forced to resign after misleading parliament. ### United Kingdom In 1994 the UK parliament 's Treasury & Civil Service Committee noted that "the knowledge that ministers and civil servants may evade questions and put the best gloss on the facts but will not lie or knowingly mislead the House of Commons is one of the most powerful tools MPs have in holding the executive to account". The committee argued that any minister who was discovered to have knowingly lied to parliament should resign. Intentionally misleading parliament could result in being held in contempt of parliament; however, it is unclear what penalties there would be. The UK parliament has not levied a fine since 1666. As a result, Channel 4 found that "It's easier to get thrown out of the House of Commons for calling someone a liar than for lying itself." - Profumo affair: John Profumo, Secretary of State for War. His affair with Christine Keeler, the reputed mistress of an alleged Soviet spy, followed by lying in the House of Commons when he was questioned about it, forced the resignation of Profumo and damaged the reputation of Prime Minister Harold Macmillan 's government. - Johnson affair: Boris Johnson, UK Prime Minister. on March 5, 2021, a court order showed that Prime Minister Boris Johnson "misled parliament over coronavirus contracts". Subsequently, the leaders of six opposition parties represented in parliament accused him of "a consistent failure to be honest". In 2021, a petition to make knowingly lying to parliament a criminal offence obtained more than 100,000 signatures. The UK government announced that it does not plan to do so.
Twenty and Ten	# Twenty and Ten ## Abstract Twenty and Ten is an American children's novel written by Claire Huchet Bishop and illustrated by William Pène du Bois, first published in 1952 by Viking Press. In 1973 it was republished with minor revisions as The Secret Cave. Set in Beauvallon, Rhône, France in 1944, near the end of the Nazi occupation, it is a story about twenty French fifth-graders who helped shelter ten Jewish children from Nazi soldiers. May Hill Arbuthnot called it "exciting, often exceedingly funny and full of the gallantry of decent human beings". In 1985 it was filmed as Miracle at Moreaux.
Tionondogen	# Tionondogen ## Abstract Tionondogen (also known as Tionondogue or Tionontoguen) was the westernmost and most important of the three large palisaded towns of the Mohawk Nation of Iroquois. These towns were termed "castles" by the Europeans. Because of its position as the farthest upstream on the Mohawk River Tionondogen is often referred to as the "Upper Castle". The town was located at what is known as the "White Orchard" archaeological site in the town of Palatine, New York on the north bank of the Mohawk. A previous identification of the town with the "Wagner's Hollow" site, on Caroga Creek, also in the Town of Palatine, is discredited today. The site occupies 1.4 hectares (3.5 acres). Population has been estimated at between 700 and 900 people. ## History Tionondogen was first built following the raid of the lieutenant-général of New France, Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy in 1666, which destroyed the major Mohawk towns then located south of the river. A peace treaty with the French forced the Mohawks to accept Jesuit missionaries. Father Jacques Bruyas established their mission of St. Marys' in Tionondogen in 1668. There he wrote grammar, a dictionary, catechism and a prayer-book in the Mohawk language. In 1677 an English visitor, Wentworth Greenhalgh wrote "Tionondogue is doubly Stockadoed around, has four Ports four foott wide a piece, contains about thirty houses, is situated on a Hill a Bow shott from the Mohawk river." In 1679 the Jesuits left the Mohawk Valley and took a large number of converts with them to Kahnawake, near Montreal. In 1689 the Mohawks began work on a new castle nearby. The proceedings of the City of Albany read: "The Maquase desire by Arnout's letter to assist them with two or three pair of horses and five or six men to ride the heqaviest stockades for their new castle of Tionondoge which they remove an English mile higher up." The Albany government sent three pair of horses and six men "to show their good inclination and true friendship they entertained toward their Mohawk brethren." Apparently this work had not been completed by 1693. In 1693, Count Frontenac mounted another expedition against the Mohawks. The French captured and burned Caughnawaga and Canajoharie without a fight, and Tionondogue after a surprise attack that killed about 20 or 30 and took 300 captives. Following this the town was abandoned and the Mohawks moved back to the south bank of the river. ## Archaeology In the late 1800s amateur archaeologist and collector Adelbert G. Richmond did some digging on the site, but otherwise it was not widely known. Some of the material Richmond collected is in the "Richmond/Frey Collection" of the Montgomery County Historical Society in Old Fort Johnson at Fort Johnson, New York. Following this there has been some sporadic artifact collection. A team from the University at Albany has walked the site, but as of 1995 no formal excavation had taken place. At that time the site was on private land in a cultivated field.
Toyota model codes	# Toyota model codes ## Abstract Every Toyota vehicle has a model code which describes the basic vehicle (e.g. Corolla), its generation and major options (engine type, gearbox type, body style, grade level). The model codes fall into three periods, 1937 to late 1950s, late 1950s to late 1970s and late 1970s to present. There was some overlap as new models were phased in using new codes while old models were phased out using the old codes. The model code is not the same as the VIN. ## 1937 to 1956 Each model was known by its engine code and a single letter for the chassis/body. Examples: ## 1956 to 1977 Each model was known by its engine code, chassis code, one or two digits for its generation, a single digit for variations within the generation and more letters representing options. Engine family: Platform: Steering: Options: ## 1977 to present The new code was similar to the previous but now the options were grouped into specific columns. Engine family: Platform and model name: Steering: Wagon: Model name: Body type: Transmission: Grade: Engine class: Destination :
Kërçisht i Sipërm	# Kërçisht i Sipërm ## Abstract Kërçisht i Sipërm (Macedonian: Горно Крчиште/Gorno Krčište) is a village in the former Maqellarë Municipality in Dibër County in northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Dibër. It is located near the Macedonian border, on the mountain Dešat. ## History Of all of the local villages during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, while still under the Ottoman Empire, only Herebel and Kërçishti i Epërm were populated entirely by Bulgarian Exarchists, while the rest were populated by Muslims. Nearly 40 members of the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps were natives of the village and Kërçishti i Poshtëm. ## Demographics During the first World War occupying Austro-Hungarian forces conducted a census (1916-1918) of parts of Albania they held and of Kërçisht i Epërm its ethnic demographics they recorded 23 Albanians, 14 Bulgarians, 197 others while its religious composition was 37 Muslims and 197 Orthodox Christians. Linguists Klaus Steinke and Xhelal Ylli consider the overall census results to be accurate and reflective of much of the ethnic and religious demographics of the area during that time, however noting that the then identity of the Orthodox Slavic speaking populace was fluid as reflected in census declarations. Toward the end of the 1920s the Orthodox Slavic speaking population was located in only two villages of the Maqellarë area, Herbel and Kërçisht i Epërm while in the 1930s the population decline of Orthodox Slavophones continued. Macedonian was still spoken in the village in the late 90s. During the 2000s linguists Klaus Steinke and Xhelal Ylli seeking to corroborate villages cited in past literature as being Slavic speaking carried out fieldwork in villages of the area. In Kërçisht i Epërm the village contains 200 inhabitants and 45 households, of which 6 are Orthodox families with a total of 17 Slavic-speaking individuals. On the eve of the collapse of communism in 1991, Kërçisht i Epërm had 110 households with 27 belonging to the Orthodox community. Use of Macedonian in Kërçisht i Epërm is limited and facing extinction, due to usage being confined to the family. Albanian is also used in family settings especially by younger generations who have limited knowledge of Macedonian due to Albanian school influences and the demographic decline of the Slavic speaking population in the village. Linguists Steinke and Ylli also noted that unlike the Gollobordë region, the villages of the Maqellarë administrative unit area do not have any Muslim Slavic speaking inhabitants. ## Culture The village is home to the Church of the Holy Saviour. Established in 1232, it is a Cultural Monument of Albania. It also contains churches dedicated to St Demetrius, St Nicholas, St Parascheva, and St Blajse.
Museum of Polish History	# Museum of Polish History ## Abstract The Museum of Polish History or the Polish History Museum (Polish: Muzeum Historii Polski) is a museum and national cultural institute in Warsaw, Poland. The purpose of the museum is to present the most important events in Polish history, with a particular emphasis on Polish traditions of freedom. Since September 2023, the new museum building has been located in the Warsaw Citadel. ## History The statute establishing the museum was signed on May 2, 2006, at the Royal Castle in Warsaw by the then-Minister of Culture and National Heritage, Kazimierz Michał Ujazdowski, in the presence of Warsaw city president Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz. The opening of the permanent exhibition was originally planned for 2012–2013, but in view of the difficulties with constructing a permanent headquarters and finding a temporary headquarters, Minister of Culture and National Heritage Bogdan Zdrojewski decided to delay the opening until 2018. The museum was once planned be built on Trasa Lazienkowska near the Ujazdów Castle in Warsaw. A competition for the design of the new building was held, and the winner was chosen December 6, 2009. The designer of the winning concept was Paczowski et Fritsch Architectes from Luxembourg, of which Polish architect Bohdan Paczkowski is a partner. The winner of the competition to design the exhibition, announced in 2011, is WWAA/Platige Image. Until the first part of 2013, the museum also had a division in Kraków in the former Kino Światowid building, which was planned as the site of the Muzeum PRL-u (Polish People's Republic Museum). On November 7, the City Council of Kraków adopted a resolution to turn this branch into an independent museum which is to be funded directly by the city. Therefore, the director of the Museum of Polish History decided to officially close the Kraków branch in early 2013. The museum's director is Robert Kostro. The museum council includes Jolanta Choińska–Mika, Andrzej Chwalba, Andrzej Friszke, Rafał Habielski, Adolf Juzwenko, Marek Kraszewski, Krzysztof Mikulski, Andrzej Paczkowski, Kazimierz Przybysz, Wojciech Roszkowski, Andrzej Rottermund, Paweł Śpiewak, Henryk Samsonowicz, Wojciech Tygielski, and Zofia Zielińska. Previous board members include Władysław Bartoszewski, Andrzej Chojnowski, Norman Davies, Jarosław Gowin, Wojciech Kilar, Janusz Kurtyka, Ryszard Legutko, Andrzej Nowak, and Andrzej Seweryn. According to the museum's Web site, the permanent exhibition will be narrative in form and will use multimedia technologies to "immerse visitors in the sights, sounds and sensations typical for various eras." Until the opening of the permanent exhibition, the museum will conduct research, education, and public programs. The museum also implements international projects promoting Polish history. Some exhibits the Museum has organized include "Dwudziestolecie. Oblicza Nowoczesności" (The 1920s: Faces of Modernity) in 2008–2009; "Wojenne Rozstania" (Wartime Separation) in 2009–2010; "Under a Common Sky: The Commonwealth of Nations, Religions, and Cultures (16th-18th century) at the Royal Castle in Warsaw in summer 2012. Additional exhibits the Museum has organized with Google Cultural Institute include "Separated by History," featuring the experiences of families separated during the years 1939-1989 and based on the museum's project of the same name, "The Solidarity and the Fall of the Iron Curtain," about the Solidarity movement and its role in the end of Communism, and "Jan Karski: Humanity's Hero," about the life and work of Jan Karski, who reported to the Polish government-in-exile and the Western Allies about the situation in German-occupied Poland during World War II. On 11 October 2018, the construction of the new seat of the museum was officially inaugurated. The ceremony was attended by Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki and Minister of Culture and National Heritage Piotr Gliński. The WXCA architectural studio won the contest to design the building, which would be located in the Warsaw Citadel area. The construction of the museum took five years and in August 2023 it was finished. In 2024, the museum was awarded the Prix Versailles, a UNESCO prize which recognizes the finest contemporary projects worldwide. The building won in the Museums category and was selected alongside six other museums around the world.
Sabarimala Trek	# Sabarimala Trek ## Abstract Sabarimala Trek is an important trek route to Sannidhanam, the abode of Ayyappan. It covers a distance of about 46 kilometres (29 mi) through the mountainous terrains and thick forests which are inhabited by many wild animals. It is believed that Ayyappa used this path in his expedition to kill Mahishi, a demoness. Even now, many pilgrims heading towards Sabarimala use this route, especially the pilgrims from Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. ## Important rest stops ### Erumely This is the starting point of the trek. Most devotees visit the mosque/mausoleum of Vavar Swamy situated in Erumely. It is believed that Vavar swamy (a Muslim devotee of Ayyappa) protects devotees travelling through the Erumely pathway. ### Peroorthodu Peroorthodu is a stream-crossing as well as the first stop on this path, almost 4 km (2.5 mi) from Erumely. Devotees often bathe here and the Kanniayyappas offers "Malarpodi" and "Aripodi" before their journey. ### Kalaketty Kalaketty is situated about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Perurthodu. According to the legends, Shiva came on his ox and tied it to a banyan tree to witness the killing of the demoness Mahishi by his beloved son, Ayyappa. There is a shrine here dedicated to Shiva and the pilgrims burn camphor and break coconuts as a part of the rituals. ### Azhutha Azhutha, a tributary of Pamba River is just 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Kalaketty. In Sanskrit, Azhutha is termed as Alamba. Pilgrims have facilities to take rest here. There is also a temple here administered by the "Malayaraya mahasabha", who has also the administrative controls of Kalaketty, Inchippara and Mukkuzhy temples. The far river side is known as the "Azhutha medu" which is a steep slope. ### Kallidamkunnu The steep Azhutha medu ends at the summit Kallidamkunnu. As part of the customs, the devotees take a pebble from Azhutha river which they drop at Kallidamkunnu to cover the remains of Mahishi. Devotees also burns a camphor here before their journey. ### Inchipparakotta The place got its name due to the presence of a fort built by Udaya. There is a temple here named Kottayil Sastha temple, dedicated to the Inchippara moopan, the guardian of the sacred forests. ### Mukkuzhy Mukkuzhy is situated at a valley. A temple dedicated to Devi is situated here which is administrated by the 'Malayaraya Mahasabha'. Devotees who are tired and unable to continue trekking can and should get help here. It is near to Kuzhimavu bus stand in Koruthodu Panchayat and connected by a concrete road. From Kuzhimavu, buses and taxis are available to Pamba/Sabarimala. Frequent buses are available from Kuzhimavu to Mundakayam. ### Karimala Karimala (Black Hill / Elephant Hill ('Kari': elephant in Malayalam)) is a hazardous point on the trail which is inhabited by many elephants. Pilgrims will have to cross eight levels in Karimala hill to reach its summit. Here, devotees often lights fire to escape from the wild animals and cold. There is a Nazhikkinar (well within a well) here which benefits many pilgrims. They offer their prayers to Karimalanathan (the protector of Karimala) and Karimala Bhagavathy (at the summit) for a risk-free journey. ### Valiyanavattom The steep Karimala hill ends at Valiyanavattom which is the abode of wild elephants. ### Cheriyanavattom It is the stop just before Pamba.
Step to the New World	# Step to the New World ## Abstract " Step to the New World " (stylized as STEP TO THE NEW WORLD) is female duo Soulhead 's first single and third single in total (having released two singles under the name Batti Baas: Lovin' You and Inside Out). It was used to advertise Triumph's Tenshi no Bra (天使のブラ / Angel Bra). ## Information This was their first single under the name Soulhead. They had previously released two singles under the name Batti Baas, with Lovin' You under Handcut Records and Inside Out under the Tokuma label. Sony Music Entertainment Japan had signed the sisters in early 2002, then sent them to New Zealand and Australia to study and become proficient in English. Step to the New World was later featured on their album Oh My Sister, while a remix of the song was put on their single Sora. The CD single contained the title track and one b-side: '"Too Late" (stylized as "TOO LATE"). The single was also released on vinyl, with an a cappella version to both the a-side and b-side. ## Track listing ### CD (Source) - "Step to the New World" - "Too Late" - "Step to the New World" (instrumental) - "Too Late" (instrumental) ### 12" vinyl Side A - "Step to the New World" - "Step to the New World" (instrumental) - "Step to the New World" (a cappella) Side B - "Too Late" - "Too Late" (instrumental) - "Too Late" (a cappella)
Tommy Albelin	# Tommy Albelin ## Abstract Tommy Albelin (born 21 May 1964) is a Swedish former ice hockey defenceman who is currently an assistant coach for the New York Islanders. He was formerly an assistant coach for Switzerland's national team. He also was world champion in 1987 and competed in the men's tournament at the 1998 Winter Olympics. ## Playing career Albelin has, over the course of a 24-year professional career, played a total of 952 games for three NHL teams: the Quebec Nordiques, the New Jersey Devils, and the Calgary Flames. Albelin was drafted 152nd overall by Quebec in the 1983 NHL Entry Draft. Before joining the club he played five seasons for Djurgårdens IF in the Swedish Elitserien, winning the Swedish championship in his first year (1982–83). Albelin left for Quebec upon the conclusion of the 1986–87 season. He played a year and a half for the Nordiques before being traded to New Jersey. It would be with the Devils that he would play 10 seasons for and win two Stanley Cups, in 1995 and 2003. In 1996, he was traded to Calgary, but he signed to play with New Jersey again in 2001. His best season was the 1988–89 season when he put up 37 points. Albelin announced his retirement from hockey on 29 July 2004, however the Devils re-signed him in December 2005 (abbreviating his retirement after he had practiced with the team as an unsigned player for nearly half the season). He finished out his final year in 2006 playing for the Devils. ## Coaching career On 25 July 2007, Albelin was hired by the New Jersey Devils as an assistant coach to head coach Brent Sutter. It was his first NHL coaching job. On 10 August 2010, Albelin was named assistant coach of the Albany Devils, the AHL affiliate of the New Jersey Devils. On 9 September 2014, following Scott Stevens' decision to step down from a coaching position in New Jersey, Albelin was promoted to be an assistant coach under Peter DeBoer in the 2014–15 season. In July 2016, he was appointed as assistant coach of the Swiss men's national team. ## Career statistics ## Coaching statistics
Maqam Masjid	# Maqam Masjid ## Abstract Maqam Masjid, also called Muham Palli in the local language is a mosque in Alappuzha district of Kerala, India. The Masjid is one of the historically important structures in Alappuzha. The old mosque building was renovated in 2022 under Alappuzha Heritage Project of Kerala government. ## History Alappuzha was an important commercial and industrial center in medieval Kerala. It was Raja Kesava Das, the then Dewan of Travancore who was known as the 'creator of modern Alappuzha', who made Alappuzha a major port city of Travancore. He built many roads and canals and built warehouses to improve the spice trade. After this, traders and business men from many parts of India including Kachi memans, Gujarati Muslims and Pathans came Alappuzha in search of employment and market. Many Gujarati Muslim families were invited from Bombay and settled at the initiative of the Diwan. The Diwan also gave permission to build mosques on both sides of the canal for them. This is one of the mosques built at this time. ## Location Maqam Masjid is located near the canal named Vadakanal, in Civil Station Ward of Alappuzha municipality. ## Importance The Maqam Masjid is one of the historically important structures in Alappuzha. The Masjid is built in traditional Kerala architectural style and has the distinction of being a mosque without a minaret. It is a relatively small mosque and it only has the facility to pray nearly two hundred people. ## Renovation The old mosque building was renovated in 2022 under Alappuzha Heritage Project of Kerala government, at a cost of 15 million. The mosque was renovated in such a way that the uniqueness of the old structures including the inner hall, doors, upper floor and stairs were not lost. The old building, which was in 'L' shape, and built in the Kerala-Islamic architectural style, has also been kept intact while renovated.
Webbs Creek, New South Wales	# Webbs Creek, New South Wales ## Abstract Webbs Creek is a scattered village of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the City of Hawkesbury north-west of Wisemans Ferry. It is bounded in the south-west by the Hawkesbury River and is traversed by the creek from which it is named. Webbs Creek's population at the 2006 census was 204. Its population was not calculated at the 2011 census.
2019–20 UAE Division 2	# 2019–20 UAE Division 2 ## Abstract 2019–20 UAE Division two was the first UAE Division two season. The competition was created to create more clubs and increase the number of players in UAE. The season will feature 10 teams, 4 from Abu Dhabi, 4 from Dubai and 1 from Ras Al Khaimah and Ajman respectively. The season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates. ## Stadia and locations ## League table ## Results
Switch access	# Switch access ## Abstract Switch access is the use of one or more switches to operate computers and other devices and is primarily used by people with severe physical or cognitive impairment. A switch is an assistive technology device that replaces the need to use a computer keyboard or a mouse. It may allow users to control a computer, power wheelchair, video game console, tablet, smartphone, toy, and a variety of other electronic devices. ## Types of switch Switches come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on the action used to activate them (such as sip-puff, pushing, pulling, pressing, blinking or squeezing). Switches also vary in their colour and aesthetics. For push or press switches, the amount of force required to operate them varies or in some cases can be adjusted. Some switches may only require a touch (not even a press), some may be designed to be kicked. A switch can be operated by almost any body part that is able to produce consistent and voluntary movement. ## Connecting a switch A switch cannot be plugged directly into a computer. Instead, a Switch Interface is required to bridge the gap between the switch and the computer's USB, serial, or PS/2 port. ## What can be accomplished with a switch Switches can be suitable for people with cognitive difficulties, developmental delays and physical limitations. In the simplest use they are a clear and simple way to demonstrate action/reaction often referred to as cause and effect. In the more complex use, they could be the means to control mobility or interact with the environment. There are a variety of motivating switch activities that can be used to assess and develop a person's understanding of choice and timing. Switches can be linked to a variety of devices, for example: Augmentative and Alternative Communication devices, switch adapted toys, switch interfaces for computer access, SMART Technology, sensory room equipment and environmental control devices. ## Switch types The smallest amount of interaction that can be provided with a switch is binary switch input, as holding down the switch for a certain amount of time may be impossible for a sip and puff device or painful for someone with arthritis. Some users will prefer to use one switch, others will prefer to use two and sometimes more. For users who are using their switches to access simple activities an additional switch brings about an option of choice. It also allows two users to work collaboratively or to play against each other. Considering multiple switch access is important for users accessing more advanced activities through switch access scanning. This is usually determined by their physical capabilities. A single switch requires less physical control and is usually less tiring to access but it reduces scanning options and usually leads to a slower rate of input. Single-switch scanning also requires much greater concentration. Two-switch scanning enables a range of scanning options, including row-and-column and overscan. These can greatly increase input rates and can make using a computer or electronic assistive device far more comfortable and efficient.
Bermuda onion	# Bermuda onion ## Abstract Bermuda onions are a variety of sweet onion associated with the island of Bermuda. They are large and relatively flat with a thin skin that makes them rather perishable. First grown in Bermuda in 1616–1617, they became a staple crop and, by the mid-19th century, a major export. The onion became a symbol of the island and was described by Mark Twain as "her jewel, her gem of gems". The variety began to be grown in the southern United States and by 1920 was the only onion grown in Texas. American production and the effects of the First World War led to a decline in international demand for onions from Bermuda, and the island ceased exporting them in 1946. ## Description The Bermuda onion is large and flat. It is white or yellow in colour and has a mild, sweet taste. It is similar in taste and appearance to white Spanish and Portuguese onions. The Bermuda onion is a very fast growing variety; it does not form a thick outer skin and so perishes very quickly, often after only a few weeks in storage. Yields of up to 35,000 pounds (16,000 kg) per acre are possible though usual yields of 10,000–12,000 pounds (4,500–5,400 kg) were recorded in 1937. ## History This onion was first grown on Bermuda in 1616; it was found to thrive in the climate and became a staple crop of the island. It was first exported to the United States in 1847 and in the 19th century became a major export with weekly shipments sometimes exceeding 30,000 boxes. The Bermuda onion was also exported to the United Kingdom. The agricultural workforce in this period was boosted by the arrival of Portuguese immigrants. Bermuda became so closely associated with the vegetable that it became known as "the onion patch" and its inhabitants continue to be nicknamed "onions". 19th-century US author Mark Twain noted "The onion is the pride and joy of Bermuda. It is her jewel, her gem of gems. In her conversation, her pulpit, her literature, it is her most frequent and eloquent figure". Several locations on the island are named for the onion and it remains a popular local symbol; a day of Bermuda's heritage month is dedicated to the onion. It is often consumed in soups or as an ingredient in fish chowder. A 1910 issue of the Farmers' Bulletin notes that T. C. Nye of Laredo, Texas, was perhaps the first to successfully grow the Bermuda onion in the United States. In the US the onion was grown as a winter crop, in which use it requires a mild climate as, though it can survive freezing conditions, its growth is hampered by the cold. By 1910 some 5,000–7,000 acres (2,000–2,800 ha) were in cultivation in southern Texas with further plantations in southern Florida and southern California. The success of the crop in the US, the impact of the First World War (1914–1918) and the post-war imposition of US import taxes led to a decline in exports from Bermuda. By 1920, the Bermuda onion was almost the sole onion grown in Texas, being sown in September, transplanted November to January and harvested from March through April. By 1922 it was also being successfully grown in the Canary Islands, with an output of 174,000 US bushels (6,100,000 L; 1,390,000 US dry gal; 1,350,000 imp gal) being recorded that year. A 1930s campaign by the Bermuda Trade Development Board, emphasising the unique taste of onions grown on Bermuda, failed to revive the trade and exports ceased in 1946. By the 1990s the product marketed in the US as a Bermuda onion was actually a different variety and the true Bermuda onion was no longer available. Most were by then imported from Mexico.
Niagara Parks Police Service	# Niagara Parks Police Service ## Abstract The Niagara Parks Police Service is a special constabulary maintained by the Niagara Parks Commission in Niagara Falls, Niagara-on-the-Lake and Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1887, the Niagara Parks Police Service has a unique status among Ontario special constabularies in that its members are armed and trained at the Ontario Police College. As special constables, Parks Police officers only have authority on or in relation to property owned by the Niagara Parks Commission, in contrast to municipal or provincial police officers, who have authority province-wide. The Service is funded entirely by the Niagara Parks Commission, an agency of the provincial government, and operates with an annual budget of approximately $3.6 million. Niagara Parks Police officers fall under the mandate of the Special Investigations Unit. ## History The Niagara Parks Commission was established in 1885 and charged with maintaining the land and buildings immediately surrounding the Canadian side of the Horseshoe Falls. The Parks Police Service was established three years later, and initially consisted of two police officers. The Parks Police Service was originally incorporated and authorized as a police force, but at some point during the mid-20th century, it was reorganized as a special constabulary. In 2010, the provincial government and Niagara Regional Police Services Board considered discontinuing the Parks Police Service, citing concerns about a lack of accountability for special constables. At the time, special constables were not under the jurisdiction of the province's Special Investigations Unit (SIU), meaning that Parks Police officers who fired their guns or were involved in interactions that ended in the death or serious injury of a suspect would be investigated by another police force rather than the civilian watchdog. In 2019, the authority of the SIU was expanded to include "special constables employed by the Niagara Parks Commission." Also in 2019, the Parks Commission fired then-Police Chief Mark McMullen after an internal HR investigation into a traffic stop the previous summer. Inspector Paul Forcier was subsequently appointed as his replacement. In 2022, a Parks Police officer shot and killed a man armed with bear spray and an edged weapon. The subsequent SIU investigation found that the officer had acted in self-defence, and no charges were laid. ### Police chiefs There have been 15 chiefs of police throughout the Service's history. Paul Forcier is the present Chief of the Niagara Parks Police Service. ## Organization ### Authority Officers of Niagara Parks Police Service are appointed as special constables and have the full powers of a police officer to enforce the Criminal Code, the Niagara Parks Act, the Highway Traffic Act, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Trespass to Property Act, and the Liquor License Act on or in relation to the approximately 3274 acres of parkland and 56 kilometers of highway owned and operated by the Niagara Parks Commission. The Niagara Regional Police Service maintains jurisdictional authority over the entirety of the Niagara Region, including the Commission lands patrolled by the Parks Police. The special constables are appointed by the Niagara Regional Police Services Board with the approval of the Ministry of the Solicitor General, and the appointments must be renewed every five years. ### Headquarters The Niagara Parks Police Headquarters is located at 6075 Niagara Parkway, Niagara Falls, Ontario, directly across from the American Falls in the former Administrative Building of the Niagara Parks Commission. ### Specialized units The Niagara Parks Police Service employs three specialized units: the High Angle River Team (HART), a part-time unit which consists of officers specially trained in high angle rescue techniques; the Marine Unit, which patrols both the upper and lower Niagara Rivers alongside the Niagara Regional Police; and a Canine Unit consisting of one handler and a dog trained in search and rescue and explosives detection. During the peak tourist season, nearly 40 students are employed as provincial offense officers and they are responsible for the orderly flow of traffic and parking offenses. These officers supplement 2 full-time provincial offenses officers who are employed year-round. ## Equipment ### Uniforms Parks Police officers wear traditional police navy blue uniform shirts and cargo pants with red trouser piping, while provincial offenses officers wear baby blue uniform shirts. Special constables have the option to wear a peaked forage cap with a yellow band, and all members have ballcaps with the Service's crest. Members wear gold shoulder flashes that read "Parks Police," "Provincial Offences Officer," or "Communication Officer" based on their role. ### Weapons Despite their special constable status, Parks Police officers have the unique authority to carry firearms, pepper spray, and tasers. In addition to this equipment, officers carry handcuffs and telescopic batons. Seasonal provincial offenses officers are not trained or authorized to carry any form of weapon, but full-time provincial officers carry batons and pepper spray. ### Fleet The Niagara Parks Police Service uses the Ford Police Interceptor Utility as a primary patrol vehicle. The Service also has a fleet of Giant bicycles, a Chevy Silverado pickup truck used by the High Angle Rescue Team, and a Ford F150 pickup truck used by the Canine Unit.
List of awards and nominations received by Fifth Harmony	# List of awards and nominations received by Fifth Harmony ## Abstract Fifth Harmony is an American four-piece girl group consisting of members Ally Brooke, Normani Kordei, Dinah Jane and Lauren Jauregui. Former member Camila Cabello was part of the group until December 2016. The group signed a joint recording contract with Simon Cowell 's label Syco Records and Epic Records after finishing third in the second season of the American televised singing competition, The X Factor in 2012. After recording a series of covers posted on the video sharing platform, YouTube, the group announced their first extended play, Better Together, spawning the MTV Video Music Award for Artist to Watch winning song, " Miss Movin' On ", becoming the first all-female group to win an award in this network since The Pussycat Dolls in 2008. Reflection, the group's debut studio album, was released in 2015. It spawned three singles—" Boss ", " Sledgehammer " and " Worth It ", all of which were successful. The third single "Worth It" won their nomination for Song of Summer at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards. The group's second studio album, 7/27 was released in 2016. The lead single, " Work from Home " became the group's first top 5 hit on the Billboard Hot 100. The song helped Fifth Harmony earn many awards, among them the collaboration category for the American Music Awards. Two of the album's singles, the lead and " All in My Head (Flex) " received an MTV Video Music Award in separate categories. The group has been included on Billboard ' s annual "21 under 21 list" since 2013, climbing gradually and eventually topping it in 2016. ## American Music Awards The American Music Awards (AMAs) is an annual music awards show created by Dick Clark in 1973. ## Billboard Women in Music Established in 2007, Billboard Woman of the Year is presented annually at Billboard Women in Music, and honors female contributions to the business, and leadership in embracing the changing music. Other awards to female artists are presented during the ceremony. ## Bravo Otto Awards Bravo Otto award is a German accolade honoring excellence of performers in film, television and music. Presented annually since 1957, winners are selected by the readers of Bravo magazine. The award is presented in gold, silver and bronze. Fifth Harmony has won two silver awards from two nominations. ## British LGBT Awards The British LGBT Awards celebrate the United Kingdom ’s most loved LGBT personalities, innovators and companies – dubbed the “Gay Oscars” by the press. Last year, the Awards were the country’s most publicised LGBT event. - Note: Member Lauren Jauregui was awarded in the Celebrity of the Year category in 2017. ## Glamour Awards The Glamour Awards is hosted by Glamour magazine every year to hand out different awards to honor women from a variety of fields, including entertainment, business, sports, music, science, medicine, education, and politics. ## iHeartRadio Music Awards The iHeartRadio Music Awards is a music awards show, founded by iHeartRadio in 2014, to recognize the most popular artists and music over the past year as determined by the network's listeners. - Note: Ahead of the 2017 ceremony, Zayn was mistakenly given the award for Best Music Video. The following day, the award ultimately went to Fifth Harmony. ## Japan Gold Disc Award The Japan Gold Disc Award is a major music awards show that is held annually in Japan, honoring music sales according to be Recording Industry Association of Japan. Fifth Harmony has won three awards. ## Melon Music Awards The Melon Music Awards is a major music awards show that is held annually in South Korea. It is known for only calculating digital sales and online votes to judge winners. Fifth Harmony has been nominated once. ## MTV Awards ### MTV Europe Music Awards The MTV Europe Music Awards (commonly abbreviated as the EMAs) is an awards show presented by MTV. The award show was established in 1994 by MTV Europe to award the best music videos from European and international artists. Fifth Harmony has won four awards from six nominations. ### MTV Fandom Awards The MTV Fandom Awards is an awards show presented by mtvU to honor the best fan followings on social media sites. Fifth Harmony have won one award from one nomination. ### MTV Video Music Awards The Video Music Awards (commonly abbreviated as the VMAs) is an awards show presented by MTV to honor the best in music videos. Fifth Harmony has won four awards to date. ### MTV Italian Music Awards The MTV Music Awards Italy are an annual award ceremony hosted by MTV Italy. The ceremony awards the best video, performers, and artists of the year. Fifth Harmony has won one awards from three nominations. ### MTV Video Music Awards Japan The MTV Video Music Awards Japan are the Japanese version of the MTV Video Music Awards. Fifth Harmony has won one award from three nominations. ## Much Music Video Awards The Much Music Video Awards (also known as MMVAs) are annual awards presented by the Canadian TV channel Much to honor the year's best music videos. Fifth Harmony has won two awards from three nominations. ## Music Choice 100 Music Choice Play is a music video, lifestyle and entertainment network for Millennials. The network has a series of on-air awards near the end of every year. ## Myx Music Awards The Myx Music Awards is an annual awards show in the Philippines that honors the year's both Filipino and international music. ## Nickelodeon Awards ### Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards The Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards is an annual awards show that honors the year's biggest television, movie, and music acts as voted by Nickelodeon viewers. Fifth Harmony has won five awards from five nominations. ### Meus Prêmios Nick The Meus Prêmios Nick is an annual awards show that awards entertainers with a blimp trophy, as voted by kids on internet. The show is usually held on October and televised days later. ## NRJ Music Awards The NRJ Music Awards, created in 2000 by the radio station NRJ in partnership with the television network TF1 takes place every year in mid-January at Cannes (PACA, France) as the opening of MIDEM (Marché international de l'édition musicale). They give out awards to popular musicians by different categories. ## People's Choice Awards The People's Choice Awards is an American awards show, recognizing the people and the work of popular culture, voted on by the general public. Fifth Harmony has won twice. ## Premios Juventud Premios Juventud is an awards show for Spanish-speaking celebrities in the areas of film, music, sports, fashion, and pop culture, presented by the television network Univision. Fifth Harmony have won two awards from four nominations. ## Premios Telehit Premios Telehit is an annual award show run by the Mexican music channel Telehit. The ceremony awards artists of the year. Fifth Harmony has won one award from two nominations. ## Premios Tu Mundo Premios Tu Mundo (Spanish for "Your World Awards"), is an awards show presented by American television network Telemundo. The awards celebrates the achievements of Hispanics and Latinos in the media including TV shows, movies, music, fashion, and sports. ## Radio Disney Music Awards The Radio Disney Music Awards (sometimes seen as the RDMAs) is an annual awards show which is operated and governed by Radio Disney, an American radio network. Fifth Harmony have won eight awards from nine nominations. ## Shorty Awards The Shorty Awards honor the best of social media through tweet-nominations. People and organizations are recognized for producing real-time short form content across social media sites. Fifth Harmony has won one award from two nominations. ## Streamy Awards The Streamy Awards are presented annually by Dick Clark Productions and Tubefilter to recognize and honor excellence in online video, including directing, acting, producing, and writing. The formal ceremony at which the awards are presented takes place in Los Angeles, California. ## Teen Choice Awards The Teen Choice Awards were established in 1999 to honor the year's biggest achievements in music, movies, sports and television, being voted by young people aged between 13 and 19. Fifth Harmony have won ten awards from twenty-seven nominations. ## YouTube Music Awards The YouTube Music Awards, abbreviated as the YTMAs, is the inaugural music award show presented by YouTube. Fifth Harmony has won one award from two nominations.
Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic	# Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic ## Abstract Puerto Plata, officially known as San Felipe de Puerto Plata; (French: Port-de-Plate) is a major coastal city in the Dominican Republic, and capital of the province of Puerto Plata. The city is a major trading port. Puerto Plata has resorts such as Playa Dorada and Costa Dorada, which are located east of the city proper. There are 100,000 hotel beds in the city. The first aerial tramway of the Caribbean is located in Puerto Plata, in which visitors can ride up to the Pico Isabel de Torres, a 793-meter (2600-foot) high mountain within the city. The city’s history dates back to the early 16th century, when Spanish colonists founded a small colonial settlement in the region. During the first decades of the existence of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, the settlement was considered the main commercial and maritime port of the island. In 1605, it was depopulated and destroyed by order of Philip III of Spain to counter raids by English privateers and pirates; a hundred years later, the city was repopulated with farmers from the Canary Islands. From 1822 to 1844 the city was under Haitian control. From 1844 on began the period of the republic, in which the city began to recover its maritime and commercial boom. Beginning in 1865, the current Puerto Plata began to be built. This explains the Victorian style of much of its current architecture. By the end of the 19th century, Puerto Plata had become important for its cultural, social, maritime, and economic development. ## Geography The city sits on land that rises abruptly from the sea making it almost completely visible from the port. It is bordered on the north by the Atlantic Ocean and to the south and southwest by the hill Isabel de Torres. The small bay around which the city was built provides a natural harbor. Puerto Plata is the largest city on the northern seaboard. Its subdivisions include: El Cupey, Maimón, Los Mameyes, Sabana Grande, El Toro, Tubagua and Yásica. The mountain Isabel de Torres is situated some 5 km to the southwest of the city of San Felipe. Geographically it forms part of the Cordillera Septentrional, reaching a maximum height of 800 m above sea level. It is possible to drive to the top of the mountain by following the highway Don José Ginebra. The highway, upon leaving the city, continues west, passing the populated areas of San Marcos, Piedra Candela and El Cruce, arriving at a paved section that continues southeast and then leads directly to the top. The area surrounding Loma Isabel de Torres has been declared a National Monument with an area that covers approximately 20 km. At the summit there is a tropical botanical garden covering about 7 acres (28,000 m), featuring 600 varieties of tropical plants. ### Hydrography The most significant rivers are Camú del Norte, San Marcos, Corozo, Muñoz, Maimón, El Violón, San Piñez, Río Seco, as well as the streams Fú, Blanco, Caballo, Culebra and San Cristóbal. ## Climate Puerto Plata has a tropical climate, more specifically a tropical monsoon climate, with hot, somewhat wet summers and warm, very wet winters (Köppen climate classification Am), due to its tropical location and the cold fronts that reach the region during the "winter" which typically brings the area humid, wetter weather. ## Seal In 1508, Serrano and Diego Nicuëza were sent to the Spanish court to beg the king to treat their cities as the cities in their home country. On December 6, 1508 the Spanish king granted the cities of Hispaniola their seal and their rights.For "Puerto de Plata", as it was called in those years, it was described as follows: A silver shield with a green mountain, on it was also a golden F and Y crowned and on the top of this, silver and blue. The initials are for the King and Queen of the Spanish Empire, the Catholic Monarchs Fernando and Ysabel (now usually "Isabel"). ## History Since the founding of La Isabela, the first village in the New World, on January 2, 1494, Puerto Plata has been a town of firsts in the Americas. Historians are not clear on the exact year of Puerto Plata's founding. Emilio Rodríguez Demorizi, Américo Lugo, Jose Bordonada, and Samuel Hazard give the year 1502 as recorded by Nicolás of Ovando. Dr. Llenas affirmed that it was 1503. Dr. Joaquín Marino Incháustegui, in his Dominican history records, cites 1504. Dr. Manuel Arturo Roca Batlle indicates that the city was founded in 1505. The historians Alonso Rodriguez Demorizi (brother of Emilio) and Jacinto Gimbernard assert that it was in the year 1496, and Padre Español said it was in 1506. Christopher Columbus, in his first trip, called the mountain Monte de Plata, observing that since the top is frequently foggy it had a silver-like appearance, hence the name of the port. The city was designed by the brothers Christopher and Bartolomé Columbus, in 1496. The aforementioned Nicolás de Ovando recorded a port existing in the northern coast of the island about 1502. In its first phase as a Spanish colony the town was considered the main commercial and maritime port of the island. Around 1555, Puerto Plata's importance as a port town was lost and it became one of the places of the Antilles frequented by pirates. In 1605 it was depopulated and destroyed by order of Philip III of Spain to counter raids by English privateers and pirates. A hundred years later, the town was repopulated with farmers originating from the Canary Islands. During the Battle of Puerto Plata Harbor, the United States Marine Corps landed on the island and attacked a French ship and Fortaleza San Felipe. After capturing the French privateer Sandwich and spiking the guns at the fort, the Americans retired victorious. This was during the Quasi-War, an undeclared conflict between France and the United States from 1798 to 1800. From 1822 to 1844 the city was under Haitian control. From 1844 on began the period of the republic, in which the city began to recover its maritime and commercial boom. The city grew under the influence of European immigrants, who left a cultural and social footprint that remains unique among other cities on the island. In 1863, during the Dominican Restoration War, the city was razed completely. Beginning in 1865, the current Puerto Plata began to be built, explaining the Victorian style of much of its current architecture. By the end of the 19th century, Puerto Plata had become important for its cultural, social, maritime, and economic development. In 1996, Birgenair Flight 301 crashed near Puerto Plata, killing all 189 people on board. ## Economy The Municipality of San Felipe de Puerto Plata is prominent in agribusiness and tourism, making it a major contributor to the economic growth of the entire country. Other forms of income and economic development that serve to support some segments of the population include port management, sea vessel production, fishing, and textiles. The port has a significant impact in the national and provincial economy. The port receives cruise ships as well as general bulk freighters which export a variety of merchandise, including farm products and manufactured products in the duty-free zones of the region. A new cruise terminal, closer to the city than Carnival's Amber Cove, is planned: Taino Bay, the new terminal is opened in December 2021. ## Culture The reports on the celebration of the carnival in the Puerto Plata date from the end of the 19th century. The central personage is the devil cojuelo, that in Puerto Plata becomes Taimáscaro, that produces deities Taínas in its masks, and a suit where elements of Spanish and culture are symbolized and the African essences, in multicolored tapes in its arms, and all that is complemented with the conches of the Atlantic Ocean, as natural elements of identity of the town Puertoplateño. These festivities are celebrated during the months of February and March, in the avenue of the Jetty and the streets of the city. The people are entertained by the parades of disguises, the music, the popular dances, and the different demonstrations of the arts reflecting cultural identity. Each year the organizers of the carnival choose the King Momo, representing the city that has fought to maintain its traditions. ### Architecture The city of Puerto Plata is characterized by its dominant Victorian style architecture, combined with various other architectural styles, giving a varied character to the process of urban development. Inside this variety is the old style related to the colonial epoch, of which remains as an example the Fortress San Felipe. Another it is the traditional style, originated when the city was founded by migrant canarios, and of the one that the balconies are inherited, and as an example is the bridge of the Guinea, of the year 1879. Then developed the Victorian model, because of the French, Italian, German, and English immigration, and from other European countries, which began after the Dominican Restoration War and had its height at the end of the 19th century and start of the 20th. This style was utilized in dwellings and in buildings destined for social activities. This type of construction gives its own image to the province. Finally, Puerto Plata developed a modern architecture because of the American occupation (1916 and 1924), and continuing under Trujillo, based on cement block construction. ## Education Some of the illustrioups educators who left a mark in the Puerto Plata education system include Antera Mota, Emilio Prud'Homme, Ana Isabel Jiménez, Mercedes Mota, José Dubeau, Doña Isabel Díaz-Alejo y Reyes, Doña Elvia Campillo, Isabel Meyreles, María Concepción Gómez Matos, among others. Currently, the municipality of San Felipe of Puerto Plata counts on 182 educational centers, of which the 67% correspond to the public sector and 39% to the private sector. This municipality has a total of 29,279 students, of whom 1,567 are at the initial level, 19,395 at the basic level, 6,642 at the medium level, 1,505 students to the subsystem of adults, 84 students of special education and 86 of the labor school. Besides the universities, four operations offer different careers of technical and upper degree. These universities are: - Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM) - Universidad Organización y Método - Universidad Tecnológica de Santiago (UTESA) - Centro Universitario Regional del Atlántico de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (CURA-UASD) ## Sports Since the 1950s, the main sports institution of the municipality of San Felipe has been the League of the Atlantic one, which was founded on August 16, 1958, prompted by Fabio Rafael González. This institution celebrates activities during all the year, mainly baseball, and years later added basketball, with the time various clubs were incorporated; the Gustavo Behall, the Hugo Kunhard, and Juan Luis Plá, among others. Since the 1970, the main activities have been the school events that are celebrated during all the year, in its respective dates in which competes in the different disciplines. At present, in Golden Beach, Brugal & Company celebrates periodically the Club Golf Puerto Plata tournament, with the participation of the most noticeable athletes of this discipline, so much at the local level, as national and international. ## Tourism The city's tourist centers include Playa Dorada and Costa Dorada, located to the east of San Felipe of Puerto Plata. There are a total of 100,000 hotel beds in the city; there are a number of "all-inclusive" resort hotels. Puerto Plata is served by Gregorio Luperón International Airport, situated around 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) to the east of the city, near the town La Union. In 2015, Carnival Cruise Line opened an $85 million cruise port called Amber Cove. ### Fort The fort is the main colonial monument of the city of Puerto Plata, since around it the city developed most of its history. In 1540, Álvaro Caballero went to the Court to request that a fortress be constructed in Puerto Plata. In 1549 the Archbishop and governing Fuenmayor was entrusted with its construction, but it was still not done even in 1560, when the Audiencia Real ordered it commence under the charge of the French-born judge Juan Echagoín to initiate its work. This work was finished in 1577. The purpose was to protect the city against the incursions of bandits, the corsairs and French and English pirates who continuously terrified inhabitants of Puerto Plata. Its name is in honor of Felipe II, in whose reign its construction was finished. In 1980 it was declared a national monument. ### Ocean World Ocean World is an adventure park located amidst the reefs of the Beach of Cofresí, boasting the largest man-made dolphin habitat in the world. The park is a main tourist attraction, and is the largest and most complete park of its kind in the Caribbean. The investment on this project is valued at more than 45 million dollars. It includes a yacht marina (the permanent residence of 19 dolphins), beaches, and forests, as well as fishbowls, picturesque and exotic birds, a casino, and Malayan tigers. Ocean World is located within a tourist complex on the north coast of the Dominican Republic. The investor and president of Ocean World, L. A. Meister, showed great interest in the tourist potential of Puerto Plata, in its first incursions in this city, as he was directed and oriented by Juan Carlos Moral, original owner of the lands of Cofresí. ### Museums Museo del Ámbar: The business Costa, Inc., a cultural company of family administration, directed by Aldo Costa, founded the Museo del Ámbar Dominicano in 1982 in the Villa Bentz, (more elegant Hotel of Puerto Plata of the year 1918, built by the Spanish architect Marín Gallart and Cantú). This museum is considered the first Museum of Amber of the Dominican Republic and at the same time, is a great historic monument of the city. La Zona Colonial (Casas Victorianas): From 1857, it was initiated in Puerto Plata. The Victorian style originating from England, call thus, in honor of the Queen Victoria, manager of that epoch. This it extended to almost everyone and was considered it more modern. The fundamental characteristics were the elaboration of the wood in artistic form, for the construction of dwellings. From that moment, Puerto Plata defined clearly their architectural style, evolving to what we have nowadays as our patrimony. The rise and development of that new modality in the art of construction, was what gave start, to the buildings of the Victorian houses of the decade from the 70 of the 19th century. Creating a unique style in the city, which him is known today as Victorian architecture of Puerto Plata. ### El Faro The cast-iron lighthouse was built in 1879, under the interim regime of Gregorio Luperón. It consists of a tower elevated on a masonry base, on Doric columns, and rising to 137 feet (42 m) above sea level. Due to its position on the coast the cast iron suffered from corrosion and for its poor condition it was included in the 2000 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund. American Express provided funds for a restoration project, which was completed in 2004. After the restoration, the Dominican Republic's Dirección Nacional de Patrimonio Monumental announced that the historic district around the lighthouse would also be revitalized. ### Teleférico The Teleférico cable car was inaugurated in 1975, with construction of Italian origin. It can carry 17 people and takes eight minutes to climb and descend the mountain. It is moved by an electric hydraulic system, conducted by a central operator, situated in the base station. This small train has protective glass walls, and offers the visitor a panoramic view of the city descending from the hill (which at its top is 2,555 feet (779 m) above sea level). Visitors can see the local landscape, including a garden of 215 features and the flora of the country, gift shops and a restaurant with Dominican food. It is managed by a patronage, which maintains it under the principles of conservation. ### Beaches With its golden sands and a mountainous natural landscape combined with the turquoise of the water that many times dresses of a turquoise tone with the reflections of the sun in the day, and of the moon at night. These beaches bring pleasing memories by their landscapes, stones, waves, sand, uveros, almonds, yawls, rowboats, music, and dances. Many of them represent an epoch of daydream and traditions, like at La Poza del Castillo, Cofresí, Costámbar, Long Beach, Marapicá, Playa Dorada, Maimón, and Bergantín. The beaches are considered one of the main tourist attractions of the city. ### Mountain Pico Isabel de Torres On the 739 m (2,425 ft) -high mountain Pico Isabel de Torres, the highest point of Puerto Plata, there is a botanical garden and a replica of Christ the Redeemer, the famous statue in Rio de Janeiro; though the statue is of a smaller size, the mountain itself is taller than that of Rio. The roads leading up the mountain are subject to large amounts of rain and are occasionally impassable. ## Transportation Puerto Plata is served by Gregorio Luperón International Airport which has service by 13 passenger and 3 cargo airlines. Port of Puerto Plata is the main commercial port on the north coast of the Dominican Republic. ## Notable residents - Ulises Heureaux y Antonio Imbert – former president of the Dominican Republic - Al Horford – current NBA player - Chris Duarte – current NBA player - Vojislav Stanimirović Journalist owns a villa overlooking the Puerto Plata Bay since 1990's. - Tito Horford – former NBA player and father of Al Horford - Arthur Lithgow, American-Dominican actor and director; born in Puerto Plata in 1915 - Gregorio Luperón – former president of the Dominican Republic - Carlos Martínez, current MLB player - Carlos Felipe Morales – former president of the Dominican Republic - Emilio Prud'Homme – writer of the " National Anthem of the Dominican Republic " - José Fermín, current MLB player - Oscar Taveras – MLB player, 2014 (d. 2014) - Tokischa – rapper (b.1997)
Space Empires	# Space Empires ## Abstract Space Empires is a series of 4X turn-based strategy games by Malfador Machinations that allow the player to assume the role of the leader of a space-faring civilization. ## Gameplay In Space Empires, the player assumes the role of the single leader of a race of intelligent beings that has recently acquired the technology required to build large fully space-based ships for interplanetary and interstellar travel. Starting out with only a few possible hull sizes for their ships, on which they can place any number of components to essentially create a unique ship, the player can research new hull sizes and components to use with them, eventually being able to build ships ten times the size of his original hull size. The components available to the player can vary greatly, from ship bridges, long-range scanners and shield generators to emergency supply components that, when used, will be destroyed but will allow a ship to continue moving for a longer time, and of course, weapons of various kinds, boarding parties, cloaking devices right up to Dyson sphere construction material and star-destroying devices. The player can meet extraterrestrial races (which will inevitably happen as the player expands their realm) and conduct diplomacy with them. Treaties can be signed between two empires, varying from the basic trade agreement to full-blown partnerships and even protectorates. The player can also conduct intelligence operations, from simple information gathering missions, to ship bombs, to inciting rebellion on a planet. Interstellar travel in Space Empires is not faster-than-light drive based, but instead relies on anomalies called " warp points ", essentially wormholes between two star systems. Warp points are naturally occurring but a player can open and close these warp points if she or he has the appropriate technologies. ## Games - Space Empires (1993) - Space Empires II (1995) - Space Empires III (1997) - Space Empires IV (2000) - Space Empires: Starfury (2003) - Space Empires V (2006) ## Later development In 2006, Strategy First acquired Malfador Machinations and the Space Empires intellectual property prior to publishing Space Empires V. Strategy First still owns the Space Empires intellectual property and has not developed another PC game. In 2011, Strategy First released a RPG board game named Space Empires: 4X, based on the digital model of the Space Empires computer games, utilizing sprites and mechanics from Space Empires IV.
Brod Bagert	# Brod Bagert ## Abstract Brod Bagert (born 1947) is a children's poet from New Orleans. He has written 19 books of poetry for children, young-adults, and adults. His work has received numerous awards including the International Reading Association 's prestigious Young Adults Choices award, the Association of Educational Publishers Distinguished Achievement Award, the Independent Publisher Gold Book Award, and Mom's Choices Gold Medal. He lives in New Orleans with his wife Debby; they have four children. ## History Bagert was born and raised in New Orleans. In high school, he studied classical literature in the original Latin and Greek, wrestled and boxed. Bagert attended Loyola University in New Orleans for both undergraduate and Law School, from which, in 1971, he received his Juris Doctor. Bagert practiced as a trial attorney in Louisiana from 1971-1992, and served as an elected official from 1976-1980. In the summer of 1992, Bagert decided to leave his law practice to become a full-time, professional poet. ## Early career Bagert was elected to the New Orleans City Council in 1976 for a partial term representing District D, and was subsequently re-elected to a full term in 1977. While serving as Councilman, Bagert introduced legislation to designate Esplanade Avenue and a large portion of the New Orleans area referred to as the Treme as a historic district. As Councilman, Bagert helped create the New Orleans Home Mortgage Authority and shepherded the issuance of $85-million in single-family mortgage revenue bonds to fund loans for low to moderate income, first-time home owners. In October 1980 Bagert left the City Council to accept an appointment to the Louisiana Public Service Commission. After leaving political office, Bagert remained active in utility-related consumer issues. He pursued litigation against Louisiana Power & Light (LP&L) for the return of $1.9 billion dollars in fuel cost adjustment overpayments. He also became one of the lead proponents for the acquisition by the City of New Orleans Public Service Inc. (NOPSI), in a long dispute over the introduction of the cost of the Grand Gulf Nuclear Station into the rate structure applicable to New Orleans rate payers. ## Poetry career Bagert's life as a children's author began when his eight-year-old daughter asked him to write a poem for her to perform in her school elocution program. To make the poem more performance friendly he wrote it in his daughter's voice, the voice of an eight-year-old girl. That was the beginning of what would eventually become one of the identifying characteristics of Bagert's poetry: poems are written in the voice of the audience for whom the poetry is intended. In a poem for kindergartners, he writes in the voice of a kindergartner. In a poem for sixth-graders, he writes in the voice of a sixth-grader. The result is a body of performance-friendly poetry in which children hear their own voices, engage their own thoughts, and discover their own innermost feelings.
Tan (state)	# Tan (state) ## Abstract Tan (Chinese: 譚; pinyin: Tán; Wade–Giles: Tan; 1046–684 BCE) was an ancient state located in present-day Shandong Province, China. It is the first state reported to be "extinguished" during the Spring and Autumn period. ## Foundation In 1046 BCE, Zhou, the last king of the Shang dynasty, was defeated at the Battle of Muye by King Wu, founder of the Zhou dynasty. Following this victory, he founded a number of small subordinate vassal states to be ruled by his brothers and generals. One of these was the State of Tan, which was located just east of present-day Jinan, the capital of the present-day Shandong Province. The Tan rulers, who were reputed to be descendants of Yu the Great (the legendary ancient king and founder of the Xia dynasty), were given the then-new heredity title of zijue (tzu-chueh – 子爵) or viscount. ## Demise In February 684 BCE, when rulers of neighboring states went to congratulate Duke Huan of Qi, ruler of the neighboring State of Qi, on defeating the State of Lu and the State of Song, Xian Li, the ruler of Tan declined to go. Later in October of that year, the ruler of Qi used this discourtesy as an excuse to attack Xian Li and his three brothers. After ten days, his siege was successful, and Xian Li fled with 200 members of the royal court to the State of Ju, where his son, Qi Yi (祁義), was the ruler. Qi Yi was the first to change his clan name to Tan in memory of their defeated state. Today, Tancheng claims to be the ancient capital of this State of Tan. However, it has also been argued that it is actually the capital of a State of Tan established during the Tang dynasty. Others argue that the ancient capital is the present-day Mingshui Sub-district of the city of Zhangqiu in Shandong Province.
Taiomidae	# Taiomidae ## Abstract Taiomidae is an extinct taxonomic family of fossil predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Neogastropoda.
Scott Ellis	# Scott Ellis ## Abstract Scott Ellis (born April 19, 1957) is an American stage director, actor, and television director. ## Life and career Ellis graduated from Goodman School of Drama at the Art Institute of Chicago (now at DePaul University) in Chicago. He also graduated from James W. Robinson Secondary School, in Fairfax, Virginia, in 1975. He studied acting at HB Studio in New York City. Ellis has a twin brother named Mark Ellis, who is the Executive Director of the International Bar Association. Before he became a director, Ellis was a successful stage actor; he performed on Broadway in the original casts of the 1980 original musical Musical Chairs and The Rink with Liza Minnelli and Chita Rivera. He has directed numerous Off-Broadway and Broadway productions, as well as the New York City Opera Company revivals at the New York State Theater: A Little Night Music (1990) and 110 in the Shade (1992). Ellis has been the Associate Artistic Director for the Roundabout Theatre since 1998. He has been nominated for the Tony Award as Best Director nine times: the revival of She Loves Me (1994), Steel Pier (1997), the revival of 1776 (1998), Twelve Angry Men (2005), Curtains (2007), the revival of The Mystery of Edwin Drood (2013), the revival of You Can't Take It with You (2015), another revival of She Loves Me (2016), and Tootsie (2019). He received the 1991 Drama Desk Award, Outstanding Director of a Musical, for And The World Goes Round. He won the Olivier Award as Best Director, Musical, for She Loves Me. He was the executive producer for the television drama Weeds on Showtime, and has directed television episodes of Modern Family, Nurse Jackie, The Good Wife, Hung, 30 Rock, Desperate Housewives, The Closer and Frasier. He received an Emmy Award nomination in 2007 for directing the episode " The Break Up " of the comedy series 30 Rock. In 2010, Playbill announced that Ellis was expected to direct upcoming musical adaptations of the 1930s films The Blue Angel and Little Miss Marker. Both would have books by David Thompson. ## Credits ### Stage - Musical Chairs (1980) (as an actor) - The Rink (1984) (as an actor) - Billy Bishop Goes to War (1987) (as an actor, Whole Theatre Co.) - And the World Goes 'Round (1991) - She Loves Me (1993) - A Month in the Country (1995) starring Helen Mirren - Steel Pier (1997) - 1776 (1997) - Present Laughter (1998) - The Rainmaker (1999) - The Man Who Had All the Luck (2002) - The Boys from Syracuse (2002) - Twelve Angry Men (2004) - The Little Dog Laughed (2006) - Curtains (2007) - Gruesome Playground Injuries (2011) - Harvey (2012) - The Mystery of Edwin Drood (2012) - You Can't Take It with You (2014) - The Elephant Man (2014) starring Bradley Cooper - On the Twentieth Century (2015) - She Loves Me (2016) - Kiss Me, Kate (2019) - Tootsie (2019) - Take Me Out (2022) ### Television - Frasier (2000–04) - Hope & Faith (2005–06) - Out of Practice (2005) - Stacked (2005) - 30 Rock (2006) - Desperate Housewives (2008) - Weeds (2008–11) - Hung (2009) - The Good Wife episode "Home" (2009) - Nurse Jackie (2009) - Running Wilde (2010) - Modern Family (2010–11) - Mad Love (2011) - 2 Broke Girls (2011–13) - Guys with Kids (2012) - The New Normal (2012–13) - The Michael J. Fox Show (2013–14) - Dads episode: "Comic Book Issues" (2013) - Us & Them episode: "Upstairs & Downstairs" (2014) - Mixology episode: "Dominic & Stacey" (2014) - Undateable (2014) - One Big Happy episode: "Pilot" (2015) - Dr. Ken (2015–16) - Superior Donuts (2017) - The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel (2017–18) - A Christmas Story Live! (2017) - Divorce (2018) - Fam (2019) - Carol's Second Act (2019–20) - All Rise episode: "What The Bailiff Saw" (2020) - Tommy episode: "Cause of Death" (2020)
Elachista freyerella	# Elachista freyerella ## Abstract Elachista freyerella is a moth of the family Elachistidae that is found in all of Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula. It is also found in North America. ## Description The wingspan is 7–8 millimetres (0.28–0.31 in).The head is dark grey, whitish-sprinkled, facepaler or whitish. Forewings are blackish, somewhat paler-sprinkled ; an oblique fascia before middle, in male indistinct and sometimes interrupted, a tornal spot, and an opposite costal spot (appearing together to form a perpendicular interrupted fascia) whitish, in female whiter and more distinct. Hindwings are grey. The larva is pale yellowish-grey ; head black or pale brown ; 2 with two black spots The larvae feed on bent (Agrostis species), bromes (Bromus species), cocksfoot grasses (Dactylis species), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), red fescue (Festuca rubra), soft grass (Holcus), crested hair-grass (Koeleria macrantha), annual meadow grass (Poa annua), Poa badensis, wood bluegrass (Poa nemoralis), common meadow-grass (Poa pratensis), rough meadow-grass (Poa trivialis), Trisetum ciliare and Triticum. Pupation takes place outside of the mine.
Shulin, Albania	# Shulin, Albania ## Abstract Shulin (Albanian: Shulin; Macedonian / Bulgarian: Шулин), formerly known officially as Diellas, is a village southeast of Lake Prespa in the Pustec Municipality which is officially recognised as a Macedonian minority zone located in the Korçë County, Albania. The village is composed of ethnic Macedonians, which form part of the larger Macedonian minority in Albania. ## History In 1939, on behalf of 37 Bulgarian houses in Shulin Goge Lambrov signed a request by the local Bulgarians to the Bulgarian tsaritsa Giovanna requesting her intervention for the protection of the Bulgarian people in Albania - at that time an Italian protectorate. In 2013, the village's official name was changed back from "Diellas" to "Shulin", the Macedonian name. ## Demographics In 1900, Vasil Kanchov gathered and compiled statistics on demographics in the area and reported that the village of Chegan was inhabited by about 270 Bulgarian Christians. According to a survey by Georgi Trajčev in 1911 and 1912, Shulin had 23 houses and 375 Bulgarian residents. A 2007 estimate put the village population in the range of 600 to 650 people. According to Bulgarian sources, including research by a Bulgarian scientist from Albania, the local inhabitants are Bulgarians. ## Dialect Although Shulin is located in modern-day Korçë County, the village traditionally belongs to the Lower Prespa region, and therefore its inhabitants speak the Lower Prespa dialect rather than the neighbouring Korča dialect of Macedonian. ## People from Shulin - Takjo Grozdani, Macedonian Party member
Mount Dora High School	# Mount Dora High School ## Abstract Mount Dora High School is a high school located in Mount Dora, Florida. It serves grades 9 to 12. The total enrollment of the high school is 1,228. ## Expansion In 1960, the former Roseborough Elementary School building became part of Mount Dora High School. ## Athletics The Hurricanes are the name of the athletic teams from the high school. Luke Hutchinson is the current coach of the football team. Dan Spear was the winningest football coach in Mount Dora High School's history. Mount Dora Hurricanes won 20 games in a row from 1950 to 1952 and won Central Florida Conference titles in all three years. In 1959 they won the conference title again. ## Vocations Mount Dora High School's Air Force JROTC unit has won the Silver Star Community Service award multiple times, most recently in 2021. Mount Dora High School's band performed at a least a few Mount Dora Day events when the events were still held. ## Select history In January 2018, a student at Mount Dora High School threatened to shoot people and he was subsequently arrested and charged for the incident. ## Notable alumni and faculty-coaches - Fred Tyler - won a gold medal in the 1972 Summer Olympics in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay, he was the swimming coach at Mount Dora High School in the late 1980s - Jason Boltus - former professional football player, he was the quarterbacks coach at Mount Dora High School in 2014
Sayed Hassan Amin	# Sayed Hassan Amin ## Abstract Sayed Hassan Amin (Persian: سید حسن امین, born 28 November 1948) is an Iranian lawyer, philosopher, scholar, author and pro-democracy political figure. ## Early life and education Born in Sabzavar, Iran, Amin attended Tehran University at the age of 17 and obtained a bachelor in Law with distinction. After completing his apprenticeship in the Ministry of Justice he qualified as a judge, working in different judicial capacities in Iran while reading for his LLM (Masters in private law) at the University of Tehran. He then went to Glasgow University in Scotland where he obtained his PhD in 1978 under the supervision of Professor John Grant, who was later the dean of the Faculty of Law at the same university as well as Professor of Law in Lewis & Clark law school. Amin started his examinations and practical apprenticeship with solicitors under the regulations of the Faculty of Advocates in July 1980 in Scotland and was admitted as a member of the Faculty of Advocates on 10 July 1992. ## Academic career Amin started his academic career with an appointment as lecturer in law. After three years he became a Senior Lecturer in law, and after another five became Reader in law. He was appointed a visiting professor of international trade law in the faculty of law in Tehran University in October 1988. Finally, in April 1992, he was promoted to the rank of full-time Professor of Law at Glasgow Caledonian University. Amin was a Visiting Professor and distinguished International scholar at Beijing Foreign Studies University, teaching in both the School of Law and the School of Asian and African Studies. He is currently an International Honorary Professor of Law at Hakim Sabzevari University in Iran. ## Legal practice Amin is an advocate in Scotland and an attorney at law in Iran. He qualified as a member of the Faculty of Advocates and practised international law at the Scottish bar, specialising in transnational law and in private international law with specific reference to Islamic and Iranian law. Amin was a Patron of the Prisoners Abroad and the Scottish Representative and a board member of World Development Movement as well as member of the Liberal Democrat Party and Amnesty International in the 1980s. His legal practice in Tehran currently provides advice to European companies doing business with Iran and representing them in the Iranian Courts. ## Specialty areas - Giving legal advice, opinion and expert evidence on all aspects of Iranian law in courts and tribunals worldwide. - International and Comparative Law with particular reference to Iranian Law. - Islamic and Iranian studies with particular reference to Philosophy, Law and Politics. ## Academic credentials - Bachelor of Law, 1969, University of Tehran. - Masters of Law, 1974, University of Glasgow. - PhD in Law, 1979, University of Glasgow. (Joint prize of the Faculties of Law and Humanities, 1978.) ## Publications Amin has published more than 60 books and 200 research articles, as well as contributing to learned journals and encyclopedias. For the past 12 years he has been writing mostly in Persian. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of Hafiz Monthly on Iranian studies of which 103 issues has been published over the past 10 years. His 1985 books, Middle East Legal Systems and Islamic Law in the Contemporary World: Introduction, Glossary and Bibliography, were widely reviewed, with the American Journal of International Law, a contribution to their field, essential to the international lawyer's library." He is also the Editor-in-Chief of literary journals Hafez and Iran-mehr. He began writing an encyclopedia about Iran with other academics in 2004. ### In English - Basic Documents in Iranian Law - Basic Documents in Iraqi Law - Commercial Law of Iran - International and Legal Problems of the Gulf - Islamic Banking and Finance - Islamic Government and Revolution in Iran - Islamic Law in the Contemporary World - Israel and the Occupied Arab Territories - Law and Government in the Arab World - Law and Justice in Muslim Africa - Letters from Iran - The Civil Code of Iran - Marine Pollution in International and Middle East Law - Middle East Legal Systems - Political and Strategic Issues in the Gulf - Politics and Government in Algeria - Politics and Government in the Post-Revolution Iran - Remedies for Breach of Contract in Islamic and Iranian Law - Studies in Arab Law - Trading with Iran - Third World Law Dictionary - Wrongful Appropriation in Islamic Law - Legal and Political Structure of an Islamic State - Law of Contract in Middle East - The Legal System of Iraq - Legal Education in Developing Countries - The Reason (Masha`ir) by Mulla Sadra - The Light of Truth - Finality of Prophethood ### In Persian Some of Hassan Amin's publications in Persian are as follows. - The History of Law in Iran - Iran Nameh: The History of Iran in Verse - Divan e Amin: The Collected Poems of Professor S.H. Amin - Poetry Encyclopedia - Modern Literature in Iran - A Rich Record: The Cultural, Political and Societal Transformation of Iran Under the Pahlavis - Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreams - The Complete Collection of the Persian Poems of Mulla Hadi Sabzevari - The Greek Philosophical Allegory of Salaman and Absal - Compendiums in Traditional Medicine in Verse in Persian and Arabic - The Encyclopedia of Iran In Verse - Amin's Persian Odes ### Translations from English to Persian - Untimely Meditations (a book by Friedrich Nietzsche) ### Translations from Arabic to Persian - Shavahed o noboveh ### Cited A selection of reviews on previous books by Hassan Amin: - "the latest of a long line of authoritative contributions by thus distinguished author...' a serious definitive legal study and a valuable work of reference....". - "Prof Hassan Amin ranks amongst the world's most distinguished authorities on Iranian and Islamic law and he is a prolific writer on these subjects...". - "Hassan Amin's name is quite familiar to the legal circles and he has a formidable reputation for his works on Middle East legal systems. For those in India who are involved, with or without credentials, in the controversy regarding Islamic law there is an important message in Amin's various works including the one under review -that this legal system has in its fabric much more than mere matrimonial law or even personal law. Many aspects of comprehensive Islamic jurisprudence which not only remain unexplored in India but whose very existence is unknown in this country have been this favourite Commercial Arbitration in Islamic and Iranian Law subjects of this learned author... Amin's book is an extremely valuable addition to the meagre literature in the English language on modern Muslim law.". - Amin displayed considerable courage in undertaking the description of the tangled conflicting claims to territory and access to maritime economic resources in the Gulf. Through the efforts of legal scholars like Dr. Amin, it is hoped that international process in the Gulf can be conducted by means of the peaceful acts of diplomacy, arbitration and negotiation.". "Amin, born in Iran and practising law in London, is well-known as an authority on Islamic law. This latest work certainly supports his reputation.... Amin's book is a fine contribution to the study of the legal systems of fifteen Middle East countries that base their legal systems on Islam. As it standards, Middle East Legal Systems is a thorough and expertly researched encyclopaedia of many of the legal systems of the Islamic Middle East.". - For its originality, for the reference it contains, and the enlightening accounts it conveys. Middle East Legal Systems seems to me an indispensable instrument of work for any person involved in Middle Eastern Affairs". "As an academic jurist, Amin is at his best on constitutions, marine law, the Shari'a and human rights. He is familiar with text and documentations. His heart is in the right place. He is in favour of democracy and the rules of law, which he honestly does not find in the Middle East. He recommends regional co-ordination, economic development by appropriate technology, "Marshall aid" from the Gulf Cooperation Council to make good the damage of the war between Iran and Iraq and "political, social and cultural progress" without too much Westernisation. Amin tries hard to be objective in his analysis and even-handed between the combatants... ". - "The book is well written and produced with a comprehensive index. The material has been well researched and its bibliography will be useful to anyone wishing to gain more in depth information on any particular country or area of law. The book will be useful not only to students and academics with an interest in Middle East but also to legal practitioners dealing with complex problems involving law of the islamic countries of the Middle East." - "Amin, a recognised authority in Islamic law, has written a lucid study of Iran's economic and legal systems and its commercial law before and after the 1979 revolution.". - providing a solid understanding of the law in this geographic region". "Amin, an international lawyer, is at his best covering the legal aspects of Gulf security". - "The author gives a fine description of the Shi'a sect in Chapter 3, and a brief but excellent introduction of the major Islamic schools of jurisdiction in chapter 4.". - "When all is said and done, this remains a fascinating book and one which attempts to fill a very real gap in the English language literature. One can only hope for an enlarged second edition fairly soon." - "Prof. Amin's book... is admirably brief and is notable for the clear and practical information given in it".
Rihanna: Live in Concert	# Rihanna: Live in Concert ## Abstract Rihanna: Live in Concert Tour was the debut concert tour by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna. Taking place during the summer of 2006, the tour supported both her debut studio album Music of the Sun and her second studio album A Girl like Me and traveled across North America. During the final leg in North America, Rihanna served as the opening act for the Black Eyed Peas ' Monkey Business Tour. ## Opening acts - Field Mob (select dates) - Jeannie Ortega (select dates) - J-Status (select dates) ## Setlist - " Pon de Replay " - " If It's Lovin' that You Want " - "You Don't Love Me (No, No, No)" - "Crazy Little Thing Called Love" / "Here I Go Again" - " We Ride " - " Break It Off " - " Unfaithful " - " Let Me " - "Kisses Don't Lie" - "That La, La, La" - "P.S. (I'm Still Not Over You)" - " Redemption Song " - "A Girl like Me" - " SOS " Performed at select dates where rapper J-Status was a part of the opening act. ## Tour dates
Doris Martha Weber	# Doris Martha Weber ## Abstract Doris Martha Weber (1898 Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin – 1984, Hinckley, Ohio) was an American photographer. Weber graduated from the Cleveland School of Art in 1922. Her work is included in the collections of the Seattle Art Museum and the Akron Art Museum.
Justicia	# Justicia ## Abstract Justicia may refer to: - Justicia (album), by Eddie Palmieri, 1969 - Justicia (Madrid), a ward in the Madrid city center - Justicia (plant), a genus of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae - Justicia mayor, a 19th century Spanish Empire law enforcement and judicial officer - SS Justicia, a British ship - "Justicia", a 2018 song by Silvestre Dangond and Natti Natasha - Justicia, the main sculpture at the Glorieta de las mujeres que luchan, in Mexico City - "Justicia" (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Slingshot) ## People - Justicia Acuña (1893–1980), Chilean engineer - Pepe Justicia (born 1960), Spanish flamenco guitarist - Jorge Rojas Justicia (born 1983), Spanish footballer
Gopal Sankaranarayanan	# Gopal Sankaranarayanan ## Abstract Gopal Sankaranarayanan is an Indian lawyer practicing at the Supreme Court of India. He was designated as a senior advocate by the Supreme Court of India in March 2019. He is known for his specialization in Constitutional law. He served as the secretary of the Lodha Committee, appointed by the Supreme Court of India in 2015 to bring about reforms in cricket administration in India. He has provided assistance to the Supreme Court as an Amicus curiae (friend of the court) in numerous cases. In April 2022, the Supreme Court appointed him as Amicus curiae to assist in the finalization of the Constitution of the All India Football Federation (AIFF). ## Education He graduated from the National Law School of India University, Bangalore, in 2001, and subsequently pursued a Master's degree in Criminology from the London School of Economics. ## Career Sankaranarayanan started his career assisting senior advocate K. K. Venugopal (former Attorney-General for India). He assisted in drafting the Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan. In April 2019, Sankaranarayanan was appointed as a Senior Advocate of the Supreme Court. His legal practice involves a significant amount of pro bono work and public interest litigation, addressing issues such as electoral independence, right to water, marital rape, man-animal conflict, clean air in India, and tree protection. Sankaranarayanan served as a special counsel for the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and the Enforcement Directorate (ED) in various cases, including those related to the 2G Scam. In 2014, Dr.Subramanian Swamy vs Director, CBI & Anr, Gopal successfully advocated before the Supreme Court for the invalidation of Section 6-A of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, which provided discriminatory protection from prosecution to specific categories of public servants. In the Shreya Singhal case, Sankaranarayanan's legal arguments played a key role in the nullification of both Section 66-A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 and Section 118 of the Kerala Police Act. Sankaranarayanan is a co-founder and executive member of Care For Air, an independent volunteer organization, which he founded for raising awareness about clean air in the National Capital Region. In 2015, he filed a petition on behalf of three infants in the Supreme Court. This led to the urgent adoption of BS-VI compliance by the Government of India, bypassing the BS-V norms. In November 2021, Sankaranarayanan wrote an open letter to the judges of the Supreme Court, calling for a thorough hearing on the issue of air pollution. In September 2019, NLSIU students ended their protest after Sankaranarayanan served as an emissary to the Chief Justice of India, resolving issues regarding the non-appointment of the new Vice-Chancellor. He provided pro bono representation for Rajiv Gandhi Assassination case convict A. G. Perarivalan for 6 years, resulting in his release from the Supreme Court in May 2022. Some of the politicians he has represented in court include Suvendu Adhikari, Omar Abdullah and Mahua Moitra. He was part of various notable cases concerning Entry of women to Sabarimala, institutional reservations, and the validity of the Aadhaar scheme. He has served as the spokesperson of the Bar Council of India and as the Convenor of the All India Bar Examination. ### Sports reform in India In January 2015, the Supreme Court directed the formation of a high-level committee led by former Chief Justice of India Rajendra Mal Lodha to bring reforms to the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), the regulatory body for Indian cricket. Sankaranarayanan was appointed as the secretary of the Lodha Committee, assisting in the preparation and drafting of the report. The committee's report led to significant changes in the BCCI, which were accepted by the Supreme Court. However, both Lodha and Sankaranarayanan later expressed reservations about the rollback of certain reforms. In 2018, Sankaranarayanan represented the Committee of Administrators of the Archery Association of India, defending the electoral process conducted by former Chief Election Commissioner, S. Y. Quraishi before the Supreme Court. In 2022, Sankaranarayanan represented Aslam Sher Khan, a former Olympian hockey player in the Delhi High Court, highlighting concerns about the mismanagement of Hockey India. This led to the formation of a three-member Committee of Administrators and the development of a new constitution for the association. ### Amicus curiae He has been appointed as an Amicus Curiae (friend of the court) by the Supreme Court of India to assist the court in various cases. He was Amicus Curiae in the People's Union for Civil Liberties vs. Union of India case. In 2019, the Supreme Court appointed him as amicus curiae to assist in finalizing the Constitution of the All India Football Federation. In 2021, he assisted the Court in ensuring proper staffing and infrastructure for consumer dispute tribunals. As Amicus, he also assists in the hearings concerning regulation of media briefings by the police. He also fulfilled amicus roles, providing reports on various matters such as consumer disputes involving former Minister Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, farmer distress in Tamil Nadu, and the allocation of public property to former Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh. In April 2022, Sankaranarayanan was appointed as an amicus to address the proliferation of illegal colonies in India and propose potential solutions. ## Publications Sankaranarayanan has contributed to three official book publications of the Supreme Court of India, which includes The Constitution at 67 (2017), Courts of India: Past to Present (2016), and The Restatement of Contempt Law (2011). He contributed as the editor of the coat pocket edition of the Constitution of India, which was published by the Eastern Book Company. It received positive reception, and its 15th edition was released in 2023. He also contributed to the anthology India's Long Walk Home (2020), addressing the environmental degradation and the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable sections, including migrant workers. His work was featured alongside noted authors such as Arundhati Roy, Ruskin Bond, Mridula Garg, Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, Ashok Vajpeyi and others. ## Controversies ### Allegation on cricket selectors In August 2016, Gopal Sankaranarayanan was involved in a controversy when, as the secretary of the Lodha Committee, he accused the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) selectors of seeking sexual favours. This allegation came to light through an email report sent by BCCI secretary Ajay Shirke to BCCI president Anurag Thakur. However, BCCI Secretary Ajay Shirke denied these accusations, stating that the Indian board had not received any such complaints. Later, the Justice RM Lodha panel refuted the accusations against BCCI selectors, clarifying that Gopal Sankaranarayanan hadn't made such allegations and there was no intention to portray selectors negatively. ### Contempt threat by Justice Arun Kumar Mishra In December 2019, a heated exchange occurred between Supreme Court judge Arun Kumar Mishra and Gopal Sankaranarayanan during a Constitution Bench hearing on land acquisition cases. The disagreement arose as Sankaranarayanan argued for one of the parties, with Justice Mishra finding the arguments repetitive. Sankaranarayanan requested an opportunity to present his submissions, but Justice Mishra remained firm. The tension escalated, resulting in Justice Mishra threatening contempt and conviction if he continued speaking. In response, Sankaranarayanan left the courtroom. When CNN-News18 contacted him, Sankaranarayanan said, “I would not wish to argue in an atmosphere which would lower the dignity of the court. I would not wish to say anything more.” The incident raised concerns about the treatment of lawyers and the core principles of the justice system. The Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association (SCAORA) issued a resolution urging Justice Mishra to display more patience when dealing with lawyers. Two days later, senior lawyers of the Supreme Court entered Arun Mishra's courtroom to protest his behavior, prompting Justice Mishra to apologize for his conduct.
Geography of Serbia	# Geography of Serbia ## Abstract Serbia is a small country situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the far southern edges of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. It shares borders with Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Romania. Serbia shares a contested border with Albania as it doesn't recognise the independence of Kosovo. Serbia is landlocked, though it is able to access the Adriatic Sea through Montenegro and inland Europe and the Black Sea via the Danube. ## Area and borders Arable land covers 19,194 km (7,411 sq mi) (24.8 %), and forests cover 19,499 km (7,529 sq mi) (25.2 %) of the territory of Serbia. Serbia's total border length amounts to 2,627 km (1,632 mi): with Kosovo 380.6 km (146.9 mi), with Bosnia and Herzegovina 370.9 km (230.5 mi), with Bulgaria 360.5 km (224.0 mi), with Croatia 261.7 km (162.6 mi), with Hungary 174.7 km (108.6 mi), with North Macedonia 282.9 km (175.8 mi), with Montenegro 249.5 km (155.0 mi), with Romania, 546.5 km (339.6 mi). - North: 46°11'25" N (near Hajdukovo) - South: 41°51'08" N (near Rastelica) - East: 23°00'47" E (Senokos near Dimitrovgrad) - West: 18°49'16" E (near Bezdan in West bačka, Serbia) ## Physical geography ### Topography Serbia's terrain ranges from fertile plains of northern Vojvodina to limestone ranges and basins in the east and ancient mountains and hills in the southeast. The north is dominated by the Danube River. The Morava River, a tributary of the Danube, flows through the more mountainous southern regions of Serbia. The terrain of central Serbia consists chiefly of hills and low to medium-high mountains, interspersed with numerous rivers and creeks. The main communication and development line stretches southeast of Belgrade towards Niš and Skopje (in North Macedonia), along the valley formed by the Great and South Morava rivers. Most major cities, as well as the main railroad and highway, are located on or around this line. To the east of this line, in an area that is relatively sparsely populated, the terrain rises to the limestone ranges of Stara Planina and the Serbian Carpathians. To the west, mountains slowly rise towards the southwest, but do not form real ridges. Zlatibor and Kopaonik are the highest mountains of this area. Mountains cover the largest parts of the country. Four mountain systems meet in Serbia: the Dinaric Alps in the west cover the greatest territory, stretching from northwest to southeast. The Carpathian and Balkan Mountains stretch in a north–south direction in eastern Serbia, east of the Morava valley. Ancient mountains along the South Morava, the highest one being Besna Kobila, belong to the Rila - Rhodope mountain system. The most significant mountains in Serbia are: - Kopaonik - Stara Planina - Mokra Gora - Besna Kobila - Dukat - Golija - Suva Planina - Gramada - Tara - Zlatibor The highest peak in Serbia is Midžor with 2169m. ### Hydrology Practically the entire territory (92%) of Serbia belongs to the Danube (Black Sea) drainage basin. The Danube flows 588 km through Serbia or as a border river (with Croatia in the northwest and Romania in the southeast). Other chief rivers in Serbia are tributaries of the Danube including the Sava (flowing from the west), Tisa (flowing from the north), Drina (flowing from the south, forming a natural border with Bosnia and Herzegovina), and Morava. Only the Morava flows nearly entirely through Serbia. Their tributaries form a dense network of smaller rivers and creeks that cover most of the country. Due to its terrain, natural lakes in Serbia are sparse and small and most are located in Vojvodina, such as the glacial lake Palić and numerous oxbow lakes along rivers. There are, however, numerous artificial lakes, mostly due to the construction of hydroelectric dams, the biggest being Đerdap on the Danube, Perućac on the Drina, and Vlasina Lake. The abundance of relatively unpolluted surface water and numerous underground water sources of high quality might present opportunities for exportation and economic improvement. Extensive exploitation and production of bottled water has begun only recently. Despite the country's access to these water resources, water supply to many Serbian cities is poor due to mismanagement and a lack of adequate investment in infrastructure. This is complicated by water pollution (e.g., pollution in the Ibar River from Trepča zinc - lead compounds affecting Kraljevo and the presence of natural arsenic in underground waters in Zrenjanin). The theoretical hydroenergetic potential in Serbia is estimated to be around 17,000 GWh. Roughly 10,000 GWh or 60% of Serbia's hydroenergetic potential is generated by large power plants. The remainder could be generated in small and medium power plants (<25 MW), whose construction by the private sector may improve Serbia's economy and energy reliability. Serbia also has a huge geothermal potential, but it is only partially and sporadically accessed. Geothermal water is primarily used for balneological purposes: there are around 60 spas in Serbia, which are seen as an opportunity to improve tourism in the country. ### Climate Climate of Serbia is moderate continental with a diversity on local level, caused by geographic location, relief, terrain exposition, presence of river and lake systems, vegetation, urbanization etc. Proximity of the mountain ranges of Alps, Carpathians, Rhodopes, as well as Adriatic Sea and Pannonian plain affect the climate. Location of river ravines and plains in the northern area of the country enable occasional deep southward protrusion of polar air masses on winters, while hot Saharan air often intrudes over the Mediterranean Sea on summers. Average annual air temperature for the period 1961-1990 for the area with the altitude of up to 300 m (980 ft) amounts to 11 °C (51.8 °F). The areas with the altitudes of 300 to 500 m (984 to 1,640 ft) have average annual temperature of around 10.5 °C (50.9 °F), and over 1,000 m (3,281 ft) of altitude around 6 °C (42.8 °F). Annual precipitation, generally, rises with altitude. In lower regions, it ranges in the interval from 540 to 820 mm (21.3 to 32.3 in), areas on altitude over 1,000 m (3,281 ft) receive in average 700 to 1,000 mm (27.6 to 39.4 in), and some mountainous summits in southwestern Serbia up to 1,500 mm (59.1 in). Major part of Serbia has continental precipitation regimen, with peak in the earlier summer period, except for southwest, which receives highest precipitation autumn. May–June is the rainiest month, with the average of 12 to 13% of total annual amount. February and October have the least precipitation. Snow cover can occurs from late November to early March, and majority of days with snow cover is in January. Annual sums of solar radiation are in the interval from 1500 to 2200 hours annually. Surface air circulation is largely influenced by orographic lift. In warmer part of the year, winds from northwest and west prevail. In Vojvodina and Sumadija, east-southeast wind, Košava, dominates over autumn and winter. Southwestern winds prevail in mountainous part of southwestern Serbia. ### Biodiversity Serbia has five national parks and many national nature reserves encompassing 5% of the territory. - Đerdap: (Iron Gate) 640 km (250 sq mi) - Tara: 220 km (85 sq mi) - Kopaonik: 120 km (75 mi) - Fruška Gora: 250 km (160 mi) - Stara Planina 1,420 km (550 sq mi) - Golija 750 km (290 sq mi) - Kučajske planine 1,150 km (440 sq mi) - Gornje Podunavlje 100 km (39 sq mi) - Deliblato Sands 300 km (120 sq mi) - Ludaš Lake 593 ha (1,470 acres) - Obedska Pond 175.01 km (67.57 sq mi) - Stari Begej – Carska Bara 17.67 km (6.82 sq mi) - Đavolja Varoš 64 ha (160 acres) ## Human geography Serbia has 6,167 registered settlements: 207 urban and 5,960 rural.
Clarksburg, Pennsylvania	# Clarksburg, Pennsylvania ## Abstract Clarksburg is an unincorporated community in Conemaugh Township, in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located on PA Route 286 between Indiana and Saltsburg. In the town proper, it contains a post office, green house, a bar (closed circa 2016), a Sunoco Station, small store, and fish hatchery, as well as the Clarksburg Presbyterian Church. The church youth hold multiple spaghetti dinners on Saturdays throughout the fall and spring. There are a number of family farms in the area, including agribusiness such as feed lots and "pick your own". It also has its own T-ball and baseball league that gets organized at the Kenneth Quick Memorial Park. The park also plays host to the annual town festival that has a 5k, dunking booth and food stands. Originating in the hills north and east of town, Blacklegs Creek meanders through on its way to Saltsburg to join the Kiskimenitas River, then the Conemaugh River and ultimately heading to Pittsburgh to flow into the Ohio River and beyond. The Shelocta branch of Norfolk Southern Railroad was built around 2005 and runs on the far side of Blacklegs creek for the length of town.
S&NA North Subdivision	# S&NA North Subdivision ## Abstract The S&NA North Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. states of Tennessee and Alabama. The line runs from Brentwood, Tennessee, to Fultondale, Alabama, for a total of 186.9 miles (300.8 km). At its north end the line continues south from the Nashville Terminal Subdivision Main Section and at its south end the line continues south as the Boyles Terminal Subdivision of the Atlanta Division.
Guianan red cotinga	# Guianan red cotinga ## Abstract The Guianan red cotinga (Phoenicircus carnifex) is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae, the cotingas. It is one of two species in the genus Phoenicircus. It is found in northeastern South America in the Guianas in Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana; also a small border region of adjacent eastern Venezuela. In Brazil the species is found in the lower Amazon Basin bordering the Guyanas at the Amazon River outlet, and only ranges upstream in the Brazilian states of Pará, and Amapá. It is found on Marajó Island and southwards into northeastern Pará. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. There is a minor intersecting of the Guianan red cotinga range with the only other species in Phoenicircus, the black-necked red cotinga. ## Taxonomy In 1743 the English naturalist George Edwards included an illustration and a description of the Guianan red cotinga in the first volume of his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. He used the English name "The Red Bird from Surinam". Edwards based his hand-coloured etching on a specimen in the collection of the Duke of Richmond. When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the tenth edition, he placed the Guianan red cotinga with the shrikes in the genus Lanius. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Lanius carnifex and cited Edwards' work. The Guianan red cotinga is now placed in the genus Phoenicircus that was introduced in 1832 by the English naturalist William John Swainson. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek phoinikeos meaning "crimson" or "dark red" with kerkos meaning "tail". The specific epithet carnifex is Latin meaning "executioner" or "murderer". The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
Dynamic Ski	# Dynamic Ski ## Abstract Dynamic Ski is a skiing arcade video game released by Taiyo System and Nichibutsu in 1984. ## Reception In Japan, Game Machine listed Dynamic Ski on their April 15, 1984 issue as being the twenty-third most-successful table arcade unit of the month.
Muhamed Filipović	# Muhamed Filipović ## Abstract Muhamed Filipović (3 August 1929 – 26 February 2020) was a Bosnian academic, writer, essayist, theorist and philosopher. As a young man he took part in the communist takeover of power and Yugoslav Partisans in 1945. He worked as a professor at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Sarajevo. Some authors see him as one of the leading late 20th and early 21st century Bosniak academics. ## Early life Filipović was born on 3 August 1929 in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, then a part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia to Sulejman Filipović and his wife Đula. His mothers first cousins were Džafer and Osman Kulenović. He bore the surname Filipović, not only after his father but also after his mother. The Filipović family from his paternal side hail from Glamoč, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ## Career Filipović graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy and received his doctorate in 1960. He was a member and president of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He worked as a professor at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Sarajevo. He published 56 books, some of which have been translated into other languages. His book “ Lenin – A Monograph of His Thought” has been translated into Danish, Swedish, French, Bulgarian, Slovak, Italian and Chinese. He was a founder and leader of the Muslim Bosniak Organization (MBO). At the beginning of the Party of Democratic Action (SDA, est. 1990), the party also included a very influential secular nationalist grouping, led by Filipović and Adil Zulfikarpašić. He led a delegation and negotiated both with presidents of Croatia and Slovenia republics in SFRY, who invited Bosnia to join them on the planned path to secession, and later in June 1991, on behalf of SDA president Alija Izetbegović, Zulfikarpašić and Filipović met with SDS president Radovan Karadžić, Nikola Koljević and Momčilo Krajišnik to discuss the future status of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina. He then met with representatives of Serbia who invited Bosnia to stay. Both proposals were rejected by Bosniak leaders at the time. He considered especially tragic that proposal to stay in Yugoslavia together with Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro was rejected by Alija Izetbegović, after very successful negotiations with Slobodan Milošević, who agreed to all of his numerous demands - from Bosniak president and army chief of Yugoslavia to preserving unity of Bosnia within Yugoslavia. During the Bosnian War, he was the ambassador to the United Kingdom.
Murder of Lesandro Guzman-Feliz	# Murder of Lesandro Guzman-Feliz ## Abstract The murder of Lesandro Guzman-Feliz occurred on June 20, 2018; the 15-year-old was killed by members of the Dominican-American gang Trinitarios in the Belmont neighborhood of the Bronx. The death occurred in a case of mistaken identity. Public outrage arose when graphic video of the murder began to circulate on the Internet. Fourteen suspects, all members of the Trinitario gang, were arrested in connection with Guzman-Feliz's death. ## Murder On June 20, 2018, at 11:30 p.m. (EDT), 15-year-old Lesandro "Junior" Guzman-Feliz left his apartment to meet with a friend. While out, he noticed four vehicles and became alarmed. He began to run and was chased for several blocks by gang members occupying the vehicles. Eventually, Guzman-Feliz sought refuge in a bodega at Bathgate Avenue and East 183rd Street in Belmont, Bronx, near his residence. The store owner (and others) witnessed the attack but initially prevented Junior from hiding behind the counter, being at first unsure of precisely what was occurring. After recognizing Junior and seeing his fear, the store owner relented and allowed him behind the counter, but Junior was nevertheless spotted by one of the gang members, who then proceeded to drag him outside, where three others waited. The brutal killing had a significant impact upon the bodega owner. The bodega owner's mother had a heart attack after viewing the security footage of the incident and died. The bodega owner had thoughts of self-harm and had to seek psychological therapy. The incident was captured on CCTV video inside the shop, as well as on cell phone video taken from an overhead angle by a resident of one of the building's upper floors. The cell phone video shows a dozen or more males arriving and departing at the scene. Bodega surveillance footage shows several men stabbing Guzman-Feliz with large knives and machetes. The video shows Guzman-Feliz re-entering the store; however, he appeared to be sent outside. The video shows him stumbling out of the bodega and running east on 183rd Street toward St. Barnabas Hospital, one block away. Cell phone footage showed Guzman-Feliz collapse on a step at a security booth a few yards from the hospital entrance. The video shows witnesses who knew the victim screaming frantically, holding cloths to his wounds, and attempting to console him as he died. Guzman-Feliz' death occurred only minutes after the attack at the bodega. According to the boyfriend of Guzman-Feliz's sister, a Trinitario gang leader stated on Snapchat that the killing was a case of mistaken identity. The incident was sparked by a sex video involving a gang member's family member named Stephanie Astacio and her boyfriend, Irving Ozuna. To protect her boyfriend, Astacio falsely named Lesandro as the male in the video who looked very similar to Guzman-Feliz. She lured him and called him to borrow money. A hashtag, #justiceforjunior, was created and went viral on social media outlets such as Twitter and Instagram. Public outrage ensued when the graphic video of Guzman-Feliz's killing began to circulate on the Internet. Police tip lines received a "torrent" of calls from witnesses and other people identifying the suspects. Officers' posts on Twitter and Instagram were shared and viewed over 100,000 times. ## Motive The killing of Guzman-Feliz was purportedly a case of mistaken identity of a teen who was part of a rival gang. The police reported that the killers, all members of the Trinitarios subset "Los Sures", mistakenly believed that Guzman-Feliz was a member of the rival "Sunset" gang. Bronx County District Attorney Darcel Clark said that Guzman-Feliz had no ties to any gang activity. ## Victim Lesandro Guzman-Feliz (November 11, 2002 – June 20, 2018), known as "Junior", was 15 years old at the time of his death. His family included: his father, Lisandro Guzman; his mother, Leandra Feliz; his older sister, Genesis Collado-Feliz; and his brother, Manuel Ortiz. He attended the Dr. Richard Izquierdo Health & Science Charter School, where he was a sophomore. He was of Dominican descent. Guzman-Feliz aspired to become a detective and was a member of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) Explorers program, a group for youths interested in law enforcement careers. His funeral, at Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church in the Bronx, was attended by thousands. Pallbearers were attired in New York Yankees jerseys as a nod to Guzman-Feliz's favorite baseball team. He was interred in Saint Raymond's Cemetery in the Bronx. After his death, the NYPD established a scholarship in Guzman-Feliz's name. The corner of Bathgate Avenue and 183rd Street, where Guzman-Feliz was killed, was ceremonially renamed "Lesandro Junior Guzman-Feliz Way" in February 2019, on his mother's birthday. ## Perpetrators and suspects Fourteen suspects were arrested in connection with Guzman-Feliz's death. All were members of the Dominican gang Trinitario and between the age of 18 and 29. - Kevin Alvarez, age 19 - Luis Cabrera-Santos, age 25 - Danel Fernandez, age 21 - Elvin Garcia, age 23 - Antonio Rodriguez Hernandez, age 24 - Jonaiki Martinez-Estrella, age 24 - Jose Muniz, age 21 - Danilo Payamps-Pacheco, age 21 - Gabriel Ramirez-Concepcion, age 26 - Manuel Rivera, age 18 - Diego Suero, age 29 - Jose Taverez, age 21 - Fredrick Then, age 20 - Ronald Ureña, age 29 Police alleged Suero to be the ringleader, who ordered the murder of Guzman-Feliz. Officers also claimed that Martinez-Estrella delivered the fatal blow to Guzman-Feliz. Four of the suspects (Fernandez, Muniz, Rivera, and Hernandez) were incarcerated at Rikers Island and received death threats, even from other members of the Trinitario gang, while awaiting trial. As such, they were segregated from other prisoners and received heightened security protection at the jail. In December 2018, while detained at Rikers Island, Rivera received a slash wound on his face from a fellow inmate. The suspect was allegedly a rival gang member. Michael Sosa Reyes, a former suspect, was a cooperating witness. ## Trial verdict Nearly a full year after Guzman-Feliz was killed outside of the Bronx bodega, five accused suspects were convicted of his murder. In a Bronx courtroom on June 14, 2019, a jury convicted Jonaiki Martinez Estrella, Manuel Rivera, Elvin Garcia, Jose Muniz and Antonio Rodriguez Hernandez of first-degree murder, second-degree murder, gang assault, and conspiracy. By also convicting the defendants of first-degree murder, the jury acknowledged that Guzman-Feliz was tortured before his death.
Murayama (surname)	# Murayama (surname) ## Abstract Murayama (written: 村山 lit. "village mountain") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: - Akihiro Murayama (born 1980), Japanese mixed martial artist - Go Murayama (村山豪, born 1998), Japanese volleyball player - Kaita Murayama (1896–1919), Japanese author - Milton Murayama (1923-2016), Japanese-Hawaiian novelist and playwright - Noé Murayama (1930–1997), Mexican actor - Shichirō Murayama (1908–1995), a Japanese linguist - Takashi Murayama (村山隆志, born 1951), Japanese rower - Takuya Murayama (村山拓哉, born 1989), Japanese footballer - Tamotsu Murayama (1905–1968), Director of the Boy Scouts of Japan - Tatsuo Murayama (1915–2010), Japanese politician - Tetsuya Murayama (村山哲也, born 1974), Japanese football manager - Murayama Tōan, Japanese magistrate in 17th-century - Tomohiko Murayama (born 1987), Japanese footballer - Tomiichi Murayama (born 1924), 81st Prime Minister of Japan - Tomoyoshi Murayama (1901–1977), Japanese avant-garde artist - Úrsula Murayama (born 1972), Mexican actress - Wataru Murayama, female Japanese manga writer - Yasuaki Murayama (born 1984), Japanese shogi player - Yoshitaka Murayama, creator of the video game series Suikoden - Yusuke Murayama (born 1981), Japanese former football player
Don Bosco Technical Institute, Victorias	# Don Bosco Technical Institute, Victorias ## Abstract Don Bosco Technical Institute of Victorias Inc., also known as Don Bosco Victorias, is a private Catholic Salesian co-educational technical basic education institution run by the Salesians of the Society of Saint John Bosco in Victorias City, Negros Occidental, Philippines. It was founded in 1951 by the (Salesians). The school is rooted on Catholic values. Being a technical school its students can graduate in four years with a high school diploma and a certificate indicating the technology course taken by combining college-preparatory academic courses and technical education. Before going on to Grade 9, the student must choose from three technology courses to continue with throughout the next two years. The school is located in Victorias City, 34 kilometers away from Bacolod City, the capital of the province of Negros Occidental. The school is situated in a 4 hectares (40,000 m) campus near one of the biggest sugar milling companies in the world, Victorias Milling Company (VMC). ## History Don Bosco Technical Institute-Victorias was founded in 1951 in Victorias City, Negros Occidental. It is the second Salesian educational institution founded in the Philippines. St. John Bosco Academy (Don Bosco Technical Institute, Tarlac) which was established in 1947 in Tarlac, Tarlac was the first to be established, and subsequently followed by other Don Bosco schools in Mandaluyong (1953), Cebu (1954), Makati (1954) and eventually Pampanga (1956). The school was initially intended to provide technical education for the sons of Victorias Milling Company (VMC) employees. However, as years passed by, the school decided to accept boys outside of VMC. It was named after the founder of the Salesian Society, John Bosco, who was a 19th-century Italian priest who established technical schools to give boys the skills they need to be craftsmen and leaders. ## Sports & extra curricular activities Don Bosco Technical Institute-Victorias offers extracurricular activities, as well as sports. The sports program includes football, basketball, volleyball, table tennis, badminton, taekwondo and track and field. Extracurricular activities include the student government, the Unifying Circle of Don Bosco (UCDB), the school ministry, the Salesian Youth Movement (SYM), the school paper, the Excelsior and academic clubs. The school also requires the senior students to have their Citizens Advancement Training (CAT). In February 2 to February 4, 2007, Don Bosco Victorias hosted the Regional Boscolympics, participated by Don Bosco Technical Institute-Victorias, Don Bosco Technical College–Cebu, St. Louis School-Don Bosco (Dumaguete), and Don Bosco Boy's Home Lilo-an (Cebu). ## Grade School There are two sections per grade level in the grade school located in the same building where the offices of the rector, economer and HROD are found. ## High school There are three sections per year level in the high school located in the same building where the offices of the accountant, faculty, salesian pastoral animators, discipline moderator, assistant principal and principal are found. ## Senior High School Don Bosco Technical Institute – Victorias offers basic education for elementary and secondary levels in accordance to the DepEd's K-12 Program. The secondary level offers an academic-technical program aligning itself to the thrust for productive, relevant and quality technical-vocational education by the Department of Education (DepEd Order No. 37, series of 2005). The presence of both technical and academic curricula makes the student workload heavy and the schedule tight. Hence, students who cannot satisfactorily meet the demands of such a curriculum will be advised to transfer to another suitable school. DBTI offers elementary and secondary curricular programs as approved by the Department of Education (DepEd). In 2012, DBTI has started implementing the K-12 Program of the DepEd. ## Administration - Principal : Fr. Norman Broderick Segovia, S.D.B. - Vice Principal Senior High: Ma. Regina B. Escleva - Vice Principal Junior High: Jona P. Castro - Vice Principal Elementary: Maria Victoria A. Segaya - School Rector: Fr. Norman Broderick Segovia, S.D.B. - School Administrator: Bro. Edward Q. Villordon, SDB
Kazakh National Medical University	# Kazakh National Medical University ## Abstract Kazakh National Medical University is a university in Almaty, Kazakhstan. It was established in 1931, and the first rector was S.D. Asfendiyarov. In 2001, the government classified it as a "national" university. The university has a student population of 11,000 students and PhD students study at KazNMU, and 1500 faculty members. ## Faculties - General medicine faculty - Therapeutic faculty - Faculty of pediatrics - Medico-prophylactic faculty - Stomatology faculty - Pharmacy faculty - Faculty of management in Public Health and Pharmacy - Postgraduate ## Notable alumni - Almaz Sharman, biomedical and clinical scientist ## Rectors - S. D. Asfendiyarov - E. H. Kasabulatov - F. H. Muhambetova - V. V. Zikeev - V. I. Zuzin - S. R. Karynbayev - S. M. Sidorov - I. S. Koryakin - R. I. Samarin - K. M. Maskeev - E. S. Belozerov - T. A. Muminov - A. A. Akanov - T.S. Nurgozhin - M.E. Shoranov
Herman Berendsen	# Herman Berendsen ## Abstract Herman Johan Christiaan Berendsen (22 September 1934 – 7 October 2019) was a Dutch chemist. He was a professor of physical chemistry at the University of Groningen from 1967 to 1999. ## Career Berendsen was born on 22 September 1934 in Apeldoorn. In 1962 he obtained his PhD cum laude from the University of Groningen, with a dissertation titled: "An NMR study of collagen hydration". In March 1963 Berendsen was appointed lector of physical chemistry at his alma mater, and four years later became full professor. He retired in 1999. At Groningen Berendsen was group leader of molecular dynamics. In 1976 Berendsen and Wilfred van Gunsteren together with the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winners Martin Karplus and Michael Levitt were involved in the start of theories on molecular calculating. Berendsen was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1979. In 2013 he was awarded the Berni J. Alder Prize by the Centre européen de calcul atomique et moléculaire. The jury amongst other points praised his development of the GROMOS type of force field. ## Literature Samulski, E.T. The Magical Power of Water: A Reminiscence of Herman Johan Christiaan Berendsen. The Protein Journal 42, 168–176 (2023).
Wemyss Mackenzie Simpson	# Wemyss Mackenzie Simpson ## Abstract Wemyss Mackenzie (McKenzie) Simpson (March 30, 1824 – March 31, 1894) was a Canadian fur trader and political figure. He represented Algoma in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1867 to 1871. He was born in London, England in 1824, the son of Geddes Mackenzie Simpson. He studied at Eton College and came to Lower Canada in 1841 as an employee of the Hudson's Bay Company. Simpson served with the company until 1864, serving as the last factor for the post at Sault Ste. Marie, where he settled after his retirement. His cousin, George Simpson, was a governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. In 1870, Simpson acted as guide and interpreter for the Red River Expeditionary Force. In 1871, he was named Indian Commissioner for Rupert's Land and resigned from his seat in the House of Commons. Later that same year, he arranged Treaties 1 and 2 with the Ojibwa and Swampy Cree Nations in southern Manitoba. Simpson was married twice: to Annie Ironside in 1853 and later to Eliza Ironside, her sister. He died at Fort Monroe, Virginia in 1894.
Portland Observatory	# Portland Observatory ## Abstract The Portland Observatory is a historic maritime signal tower at 138 Congress Street in the Munjoy Hill section of Portland, Maine. Built in 1807, it is the only known surviving tower of its type in the United States. Using both a telescope and signal flags, two-way communication between ship and shore was possible several hours before an incoming vessel reached the docks. The tower was designated a National Historic Landmark and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 2006; it is now managed by Greater Portland Landmarks, a local historic preservation nonprofit. It is open to the public as a museum. ## Geography Portland has a deep harbor sheltered by numerous islands. Ships entering the harbor are not directly visible from the wharfs, which created problems for merchants trying to prepare for the arrival of cargoes. This problem was solved in 1807 when Captain Lemuel Moody organized the construction of an observatory on Portland's Munjoy Hill, visible from both the open ocean and the wharfs. During the War of 1812, the observatory was used as a watch tower. ## About the observatory The 86-foot (26 m) tall observatory (7 stories) is octagonal (to lessen wind pressure on each side) and lighthouse -shaped, with a fieldstone base of heavy loose rocks, and stands 222 feet (68 m) above sea level. There is no basement but the rock ballast in the bottom floor and octagonal design have kept the structure steady during storms. The observatory's 'lantern' (cupola) included a P & J Dollond Achromatic Refracting Telescope, which could identify ships 30 miles (48 km) to sea. That telescope disappeared from the observatory in 1939. The observatory has been renovated numerous times over the years, including a Works Progress Administration renovation in 1939. It was most recently renovated from 1998–2000 to repair damage from moisture and powderpost beetles. This renovation won a 2001 National Preservation Honor Award from the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The center column was not an original feature, and was added in the 1939 renovation. In 2014 additional repairs to the windows and shingles were underway. The observatory was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. In 2006, the observatory was made a National Historic Landmark and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. ### Past operation The Portland Observatory is the only remaining maritime signal station in the United States. Tower operations were paid with annual fees collected from shipping merchants, who purchased the right to have their flags stored in the building and hoisted up its flagstaffs when their ships were sighted. A telephone was eventually installed, extending the tower's function until 1923, when the reliability of engine powered vessels and communication by radio made it obsolete. In 1937 the tower was turned over to the city. Between the time of its closure and the 1990s, the building was often unlocked and popular among area children. Some older area residents have fond memories of playing in the building and the initials some of them carved into the wood are still visible. The latest major restoration left as much of the original wood as possible in place. This is distinguished by its dark stain while the replacement wood was left its original lighter color. ### Current operation Greater Portland Landmarks, a non-profit organization, maintains the building. Guided tours with discussion about the history of the building and the neighborhood are provided by volunteer docents from Memorial Day to Columbus Day for a small fee. On very clear days the view from the cupola's balcony extends from the seaward horizon as far inland as Mount Washington.
Trojeručica	# Trojeručica ## Abstract Bogorodica Trojeručica (Serbian Cyrillic: Богородица Тројеручица, Greek: Παναγία Τριχερούσα, Panagia Tricherousa, meaning "Three-handed Theotokos ") or simply Trojeručica (Тројеручица, Three-handed) is an Eastern Orthodox wonderworking icon believed to have been produced in the 8th century in Palestine by John of Damascus. It depicts Theotokos (Virgin Mary) with young Jesus in the hodegetria position, and is covered with a riza. On the back of the icon is the painting of St Nicholas. It is today found in the Hilandar Monastery on Mount Athos, Greece, and is the most important icon of the Serbian Orthodox Church. ## History According to tradition, the icon was in the possession of John of Damascus in the early 8th century and it is associated with his miraculous healing around the year 717. According to tradition, while he was serving as Vizier to caliph Al-Walid I, he was falsely accused of treachery and his hand was cut off. The accusation was, allegedly, made by Byzantine Iconoclast emperor Leo the Isaurian, who was indeed a great opponent of St John, and friend of Al-Walid I. Upon praying in front of an icon of the Theotokos, allegedly, his hand was miraculously restored. In thanksgiving, he had a silver replica of his hand fashioned and attached it to the icon. After this, the icon became known as "three-handed" (Tricherousa), because it had three hands (two of the Theotokos plus one more). John Damascene became a monk at Mar Sabbas monastery outside of Jerusalem and gave the icon to the monastic community there. Later the icon was given as a present to St. Sava when he visited the monastery, together with another icon of the Theotokos in the style of Nursing Madonna, and with the crosier of Sabbas the Sanctified, the founder of the monastery. Sava brought the icon to Hilandar monastery where he lived. It remained there until 1347 when it was taken by Dušan of Serbia during his visit to Hilandar and brought with him to Serbia. At the end of the 14th century, the icon was in the possession of the Studenica monastery. In the early 15th century, Trojeručica was back in Hilandar. Until very recently the icon was formally the abbot of Hilandar, with monks elected to serve as its deputy. This icon has two feast days: June 28 and July 12. Art historians think the style of the icon is more likely from the 14th century, and that it may be a copy or re-painting of an earlier prototype. Another version brought to Moscow in 1661 became famous, and resulted in many Russian copies.
Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College	# Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College ## Abstract 33°06′31.25″N 73°42′40.91″E / 33.1086806°N 73.7113639°E Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College (Urdu: محی الدین اسلامی طبی کالج) is the first Medical College of Azad Jammu & Kashmir in either the public or the private sector. ## History Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College has recently been established in Mirpur, Azad Jammu & Kashmir. The college is built with the funding and efforts of several dedicated people especially British Kashmiris benefactors. Muhammad Alauddin Siddiqui is the founder of medical college. He is chancellor of Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University. He is also the chairman of Al-Ehya Trust, which is engaged in accommodating and educating orphaned and deprived children in Pakistan. ## Accreditation Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College is recognized by the Pakistan Medical Commission formerly called Pakistan Medical and Dental Council and approved by Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan. The Pakistan Medical and Dental Council has allowed the college to enroll 100 students per year.This college is also listed on the World Directory of Medical Schools. ## Controversy FIA begins scrutiny of accounts of 100 private medical colleges.
1970–71 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup	# 1970–71 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup ## Abstract The 5th World Cup season began in December 1970 in Italy and concluded in March 1971 in Sweden. Gustav Thöni of Italy won the first of his three consecutive overall titles. Annemarie Pröll of Austria won the women's overall title, her first of five consecutive. ## Calendar ## Men ### Overall In men's overall World Cup 1970/71 the best three downhills, best three giant slaloms and best three slaloms count. 22 racers had a point deduction. ### Downhill In men's downhill World Cup 1970/71 the best 3 results count. Seven racers had a point deduction, which are given in (). ### Giant slalom In men's giant slalom World Cup 1970/71 the best 3 results count. 12 racers had a point deduction, which are given in (). ### Slalom In men's slalom World Cup 1970/71 the best 3 results count. 11 racers had a point deduction, which are given in (). Jean-Noël Augert won five races and won the cup with maximum points ## Ladies ### Overall In women's overall World Cup 1970/71 the best three downhills, best three giant slaloms and best three slaloms count. 18 racers had a point deduction. ### Downhill In women's downhill World Cup 1970/71 the best 3 results count. Eight racers had a point deduction, which are given in (). ### Giant slalom In women's giant slalom World Cup 1970/71 the best 3 results count. 11 racers had a point deduction, which are given in (). Annemarie Pröll won the cup with maximum points by winning the last three competitions. ### Slalom In women's slalom World Cup 1970/71 the best 3 results count. Ten racers had a point deduction, which are given in (). ## Nations Cup
Southbound Pachyderm	# Southbound Pachyderm ## Abstract " Southbound Pachyderm " is a song by the American rock band Primus. It was released on their fourth studio album Tales from the Punchbowl (1995). It was also released as a single, and a stop-motion animated video was made for it. The song is about the extinction threat faced by elephants, rhinos and hippos. Les Claypool said in 2015 that "Southbound Pachyderm" is one of his favorites songs to play live. It has been played 457 times since its live debut, making it the 7th most played song by Primus. ## Track listing - "Southbound Pachyderm (Radio Edit)" - 4:00 - " Wynona's Big Brown Beaver " - 4:24 - " Jerry Was A Race Car Driver " - 3:11 - " Those Damned Blue Collar Tweekers " - 5:18 - " My Name Is Mud " - 4:40 ## Background The inspiration for the song came from an image that CMJ New Music Monthly said Claypool "couldn't shake... 'an elephant's ass heading away from you'". ## Music videos Two music videos exist for the song "Southbound Pachyderm". The first version was included in the CD+ Enhanced CD version of the album, which allowed a computer's CD-ROM to access enhanced aspects of the album, namely becoming a tug boat captain that allowed one to explore different parts of the punchbowl world. It was a pastiche of San Francisco, elephants with propellers and wings, and psychedelic imagery. It is currently not published, although such version can be viewed online. The official music video for the song is in entirely stop-motion with the band (in live action) appearing on TV screens. For the stop motion story, it features elephants being stalked by poachers but are saved at the last moment by several scientists. At the climax of the video, the scientists and the elephants (along with some hippos and rhinos) then escape from their laboratory when the poachers begin to attack via orders from their leader. Claypool came up with the idea for the video and included regular character Flouncin' Fred. The video reflects Claypool's concern over the conservation status of pachyderms. He and Raub Shapiro co-directed the video. Shapiro had previously produced the video for " Wynona's Big Brown Beaver ". Claypool initially worked on storyboards for the video but moved on to foam sculptures when he found that medium easier to express his ideas. Raub then did storyboards, and they handed the work to animators, who used stop motion photography. Animation was slow work; Claypool said that the studio was only able to produce six to ten seconds of footage per day, and the video took six weeks to complete. ## Legacy Claypool later referenced the song in a pinot noir wine called Purple Pachyderm.
John Adams Cummins	# John Adams Cummins ## Abstract John Adams Kuakini Cummins (March 17, 1835 – March 21, 1913) was a member of the nobility of the Kingdom of Hawaii who became a wealthy businessman, and was involved in politics as the kingdom was overthrown. ## Life John Adams Kuakini Cummins was born March 17, 1835, in Honolulu.He was a namesake of island governor John Adams Kuakini (1789–1844), who in turn took the name of John Quincy Adams when Americans first settled on the islands in the 1820s. His father was Thomas Cummins (1802–1885) who was born in Lincoln, England, raised in Massachusetts, and came to the Hawaiian Islands in 1828. His mother was High Chiefess Kaumakaokane Papali ʻ ai ʻ aina (1810–1849) who was a distant relative of the royal family of Hawaii. As the custom of native Hawaiians, he was raised as an ali ʻ i nui because of his mother's family background. His father owned much of land in Waimānalo on the east coast of the island of O ʻ ahu, starting a horse and cattle ranch in the 1840s. He managed the ranch and converted it to a sugarcane plantation starting in 1877, and built a mill in 1881. He married Rebecca Kahalewai (1834–1902) in 1861, also considered a high chiefess, and had five children with her, four daughters and one son. Their son Thomas Puaali ʻ i Cummins (1869–1928) was sent to Saint Matthews School in California in 1885 along with three Hawaiian princes. Daughters were Matilda Kaumakaokane Cummins Walker (1862–1937), Jane Pi ʻ ikea Cummins Merseberg (1864–1918), May Kaaolani Cummins Clark (1874–1935) and one who died young.He might have had another child with one or two "secondary wives". After his first wife's death, in 1902 he married Elizabeth Kapeka Merseberg (1877–1925), who was a sister of a son-in-law, and adopted a son. Cummins owned several houses in town, but enjoyed entertaining on his Waimānalo estate in a house known as Mauna Loke (Rose Mont). His guests included royalty starting with Kamehameha V as well as foreign visitors. This included German Princes and the Duke of Edinburgh in 1869. He traded racehorses with Leland Stanford and Pierre Lorillard IV, and operated a railroad and a steamship to the estate. Chants passed down describe the elaborate birthday celebration held in 1883 for Queen Kapi ʻ olani. This reputation earned him the name "Prince of Entertainers". ## Politics Cummins was elected to the House of Representatives in the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1874. The kingdom faced a series of political crises, including a need for an election for monarch after Kamehameha V and Lunalilo both died without naming heirs.King Kalākaua appointed him to the Privy Council on June 18, 1874, shortly after he came to the throne. Even though Cummins voted against former Queen Emma in the election, she asked him to manage a trek around the islands in November 1875. He had staged a similar grand tour the year before for Kalākaua. She was not disappointed. Although many ancient Hawaiian customs had faded (due to influence of conservative Christian missionaries, for example), Cummins staged great revivals of ceremonies such as traditional hula performance. In the legislature he advocated for the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 with the United States, which helped increase profits in the sugar industry, and his fortunes grew. He left the sugar business to William G. Irwin, agent of Claus Spreckels, and developed a commercial building called the Cummins Block at Fort and Merchant streets in Downtown Honolulu.In 1889 he represented Hawaii at the Paris exposition known as Exposition Universelle. On June 17, 1890, he became Minister of Foreign Affairs in Kalākaua's cabinet, and thus was in the House of Nobles of the legislature for the 1890 session.When Kalākaua died and Queen Lili ʻ uokalani came to the throne in early 1891, she replaced all her ministers.Cummins resigned February 25, 1891. He was replaced by Samuel Parker who was another part-Hawaiian. He was elected to the 1892 session of the House of Nobles, on the Hawaiian National Reform Party ticket.He also organized a group called the Native Sons of Hawaii which supported the monarchy. After the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in early 1893, Lili ʻ uokalani asked Cummins to visit the US to lobby for its help in restoration of the monarchy. The commission including Parker and Hermann A. Widemann ended in failure. He served as Honorary President of Hui Aloha ʻĀina (Hawaiian Patriotic League), a patriotic organization founded to protest the overthrow and the attempt of Hawaiian annexation to the United States, and represented the case of the monarchy and the Hawaiian people to the United States Commissioner James Henderson Blount who was sent by President Grover Cleveland to investigate the overthrow. However, on the voyage to the west coast, William T. Seward, a former Major in the American Civil War who worked for Cummins and lived in one of his homes, smuggled guns and ammunition for the failed 1895 counter-revolution. Thomas Beresford Walker, who was married to Cummins' eldest daughter Matilda, was also implicated in the plot. Cummins was arrested, charged with treason and convicted. He was sentenced to prison, but released after paying a fine and agreeing to testify against the ones actively involved in the arms trading. ## Death and legacy He died on March 21, 1913, from influenza after a series of strokes and was buried in Oahu Cemetery. Even his political opponents called him "the playmate of princes and the companion and entertainer of kings". The territorial legislature had tried several times to refund his fine, but it was never approved by the governor. His funeral was a strange mix of mostly traditional symbols of the Hawaiian religion, with a Christian service in the Hawaiian language, attended by both royalists and planners of the overthrow.A street was named for him in Honolulu at 21°17′47″N 157°51′9″W / 21.29639°N 157.85250°W. A great-grandson (through his daughter Jane Piikea Merseberg) was mayor Neal Blaisdell. His youngest daughter May Cummins married distant cousin Joseph Clark and became stepmother to actress Mamo Clark. After the last child died in 1937, a US federal court case awarded Mamo Clark a share in the still considerable estate.
Boogie board (product)	# Boogie board (product) ## Abstract Boogie Board is a product line of paperless note taking tools, utilizing an LCD in conjunction with a stylus, finger, or other implement to replicate the functionality of pen and paper. Boogie Board was developed by Kent Displays Incorporated, based on research conducted at Kent State University. ## Technology Boogie board is based on reflex display technology, i.e. LCDs that use cholesteric liquid crystal technology to reflect light in one state, and to be dark (non-reflecting) in the other state. The dark state occurs when no voltage is applied (voltage is needed to keep the light areas of the image reflecting). Responsiveness has been compared to that of writing on paper. Drawings can be hard to see without illumination. Battery lifespan is estimated at 50,000 erasures. ### Digitization Some higher end models add a digitization panel, allowing the user's input to be saved as a PDF. The board itself does not allow direct review of stored pages. On models lacking internal digitization, capture is achieved through a smartphone camera using a Mobile app, though quality through this method is low. ## Marketing Boogie Boards are marketed as having uses like writing, drawing, and taking notes. Some models are designed to replicate the form factor of specific notetaking devices, such as the sticky note. One model was released exclusively in Brookstone stores.
Sumeet Passi	# Sumeet Passi ## Abstract Sumeet Passi (born 12 September 1994) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward for I-League club Inter Kashi. ## Club career ### Early career Passi began playing the game at a very young age and thanks his father, Jai Prakash Passi who is a former Railways player, as the man who motivated him to become a dedicated footballer. Passi then began his footballing career as a training with Chandigarh Football Academy. In 2007 it was announced that Passi would be the captain of the Chandigarh football team at the under-14s level for the 53rd National School Games. ### Senior career Passi made his professional debut in football on 2 February 2013 against East Bengal in which he came on in the 77th minute for Dhanpal Ganesh as Pailan Arrows lost the match 2–1. ### Jamshedpur On 23 July 2017, Passi was selected in the 12th round of the 2017–18 ISL Players Draft by Jamshedpur for the 2017–18 Indian Super League season. He made his debut for the club on 18 February 2018 against Chennaiyin. He started the match and played 90 minutes as Jamshedpur drew 1–1. ### East Bengal In August 2022, Indian Super League club East Bengal announced the signing of Passi, on a one-year deal. On 22 August, he made his debut against Indian Navy in the Durand Cup, which ended in a 0–0 stalemate. On 28 August, he scored a defining own goal against Kolkata derby rival ATK Mohun Bagan, when a seemingly harmless corner bounced awkwardly in front of him, to deflect inside. Six days later, he scored his first two goals for the club against Mumbai City, in a thrilling 4–3 win. ## International career Passi made his debut for India against Laos on 2 June 2016. He scored his first international goal against Laos on 7 June 2016 with an assist from Jackichand Singh. ## Career statistics ### International ## Honours India - SAFF Championship runner-up: 2018
Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Valencian Community	# Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Valencian Community ## Abstract The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Valencian Community, are organized by the Valencian Football Federation (FFCV): - Lliga Comunitat (Level 6 of the Spanish football pyramid – starting from the 2023–24 season) - Primera FFCV (former Regional Preferente – Level 7) - Segona FFCV (former Primera Regional – Level 8) - Tercera FFCV (former Segunda Regional – Level 9) ## League chronology ## Regional Preferente The Lliga Comunitat FFCV is one of the lower levels of the Spanish Football League. It is held every year. It stands at the sixth level of Spanish football with teams five promotions away from the top division. Teams from this league progress into the Tercera División RFEF Group 6. The participating teams are based in the Valencian Community. ### Until 2023/24 From 1970 until the 2022/2023 the league was called the Regional Preferente de la Comunitat Valenciana. It consisted of four regional groups of 18 teams each. Group 1 consisted of teams in the province of Castellon and the northern part of Valencia province, Group 2 teams in the city of Valencia and surrounding satellite towns, Group 3 teams in the south of Valencia province and north of Alicante province and Group 4 teams the rest of Alicante province. During the COVID-19 pandemic the number of groups were increased to six for the 2020/21 season and five for the 2021/22 season. #### Promotion & Relegation - The top three teams of each group advanced to the promotional playoffs. The twelve teams were paired into four playoff groups. The six winners were drawn into three more groups with the three winners being promoted to Tercera División RFEF – Group 6. The bottom three teams (16th-18th) in each group were relegated to the Primera Regional de la Comunitat Valenciana, which consisted of eight regional groups. ### Changes for 23/24 In October 2022 the FFCV agreed to create a new 6th level, called Lliga Comunitat FFCV, to better bridge the gap between the Regional Preferente and Tercera Federación consisting of two groups of 16 teams to begin for the 2023/24 season, split on a north/south basis. The winner of each Lliga Comunitat FFCV group will be promoted to Tercera Federación, with the winner of a play-off between the 2nd and 3rd placed teams also promoted. The bottom three teams in each group will be relegated. The 7th level Primera FFCV will consist of 4 groups, the 8th level Segona FFCV of 8 groups and the 9th (lowest) level Tercera FFCV of 15 groups. Each division at every level will have 16 teams, a reduction from the previous 18 that some contained, to reduce administration costs. The bottom three teams from each Primera FFCV and Segona FFCV group will be relegated and replaced by the champions of the groups in the level below and the winner of play-offs involving the second placed teams. ### 2024–25 season teams Relegated from 2023-24 Tercera RFEF Promoted from 2023-24 Lliga Primera FFCV ### Champions ## Primera FFCV Primera FFCV is the seventh level of competition of the Spanish Football League in the Valencian Community. For the 2023/24 season, it is played in 4 regional groups of 16 teams each. At the end of the season, The champions and four winners of playoffs are promoted. Four clubs from each group are relegated to Segunda Regional. ## Segona FFCV Segona FFCV is the eighth level of competition of the Spanish Football League in the Valencian Community. It is played with 8 groups of 16 clubs. At the end of the season, the champions and the 4 winners of play-offs between the runners-up are promoted.

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