Hugging Face's logo

Datasets:
DFKI-SLT
/
cross_ner

Tasks:
Token Classification
Modalities:
Text
Sub-tasks:
named-entity-recognition
Languages:
English
Size:
10K - 100K
ArXiv:
Tags:
cross domain
ai
news
music
literature
politics
Libraries:
Datasets
Dataset card Viewer Files Community
Dataset Viewer
Auto-converted to Parquet
Full Screen
id
stringlengths
1
2
tokens
sequence
ner_tags
sequence
0
[ "Popular", "approaches", "of", "opinion-based", "recommender", "system", "utilize", "various", "techniques", "including", "text", "mining", ",", "information", "retrieval", ",", "sentiment", "analysis", "(", "see", "also", "Multimodal", "sentiment", "analysis", ")", "and", "deep", "learning", "X.Y.", "Feng", ",", "H.", "Zhang", ",", "Y.J.", "Ren", ",", "P.H.", "Shang", ",", "Y.", "Zhu", ",", "Y.C.", "Liang", ",", "R.C.", "Guan", ",", "D.", "Xu", ",", "(", "2019", ")", ",", ",", "21", "(", "5", ")", ":", "e12957", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 72, 0, 0, 31, 32, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
1
[ "Advocates", "of", "procedural", "representations", "were", "mainly", "centered", "at", "MIT", ",", "under", "the", "leadership", "of", "Marvin", "Minsky", "and", "Seymour", "Papert", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 75, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0 ]
2
[ "The", "standard", "interface", "and", "calculator", "interface", "are", "written", "in", "Java", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 0 ]
3
[ "Octave", "helps", "in", "solving", "linear", "and", "nonlinear", "problems", "numerically", ",", "and", "for", "performing", "other", "numerical", "experiments", "using", "a", "that", "is", "mostly", "compatible", "with", "MATLAB", "." ]
[ 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 0 ]
4
[ "Variants", "of", "the", "back-propagation", "algorithm", "as", "well", "as", "unsupervised", "methods", "by", "Geoff", "Hinton", "and", "colleagues", "at", "the", "University", "of", "Toronto", "can", "be", "used", "to", "train", "deep", ",", "highly", "nonlinear", "neural", "architectures", ",", "{", "{", "cite", "journal" ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 75, 76, 76, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
5
[ "or", "equivalently", "using", "DCG", "notation", ":" ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 39, 0, 0 ]
6
[ "Self-organizing", "maps", "differ", "from", "other", "artificial", "neural", "networks", "as", "they", "apply", "competitive", "learning", "as", "opposed", "to", "error-correction", "learning", "such", "as", "backpropagation", "with", "gradient", "descent", ")", ",", "and", "in", "the", "sense", "that", "they", "use", "a", "neighborhood", "function", "to", "preserve", "the", "topological", "properties", "of", "the", "input", "space", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
7
[ "Since", "the", "early", "1990s", ",", "it", "has", "been", "recommended", "by", "several", "authorities", ",", "including", "the", "Audio", "Engineering", "Society", "that", "measurements", "of", "dynamic", "range", "be", "made", "with", "an", "audio", "signal", "present", ",", "which", "is", "then", "filtered", "out", "in", "the", "noise", "floor", "measurement", "used", "in", "determining", "dynamic", "range", ".", "This", "avoids", "questionable", "measurements", "based", "on", "the", "use", "of", "blank", "media", ",", "or", "muting", "circuits", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39, 40, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
8
[ "The", "technique", "used", "in", "creating", "eigenfaces", "and", "using", "them", "for", "recognition", "is", "also", "used", "outside", "of", "face", "recognition", ":", "handwriting", "recognition", ",", "lip", "reading", ",", "voice", "recognition", ",", "sign", "language", "/", "hand", "gestures", "interpretation", "and", "medical", "imaging", "analysis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 72, 0, 31, 32, 32, 0 ]
9
[ "The", "National", "Science", "Foundation", "was", "an", "umbrella", "for", "the", "National", "Aeronautics", "and", "Space", "Administration", "(", "NASA", ")", ",", "the", "US", "Department", "of", "Energy", ",", "the", "US", "Department", "of", "Commerce", "NIST", ",", "the", "US", "Department", "of", "Defense", ",", "Defense", "Advanced", "Research", "Projects", "Agency", "(", "DARPA", ")", ",", "and", "the", "Office", "of", "Naval", "Research", "coordinated", "studies", "to", "inform", "strategic", "planners", "in", "their", "deliberations", "." ]
[ 0, 49, 50, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 0, 49, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 0, 49, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
10
[ "A", "fast", "method", "for", "computing", "maximum", "likelihood", "estimates", "for", "the", "probit", "model", "was", "proposed", "by", "Ronald", "Fisher", "as", "an", "appendix", "to", "Bliss", "'", "work", "in", "1935", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39, 40, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
11
[ "Several", "of", "these", "programs", "are", "available", "online", ",", "such", "as", "Google", "Translate", "and", "the", "SYSTRAN", "system", "that", "powers", "AltaVista", "'s", "BabelFish", "(", "now", "Yahoo", "'s", "Babelfish", "as", "of", "9", "May", "2008", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 49, 0, 59, 0, 0, 49, 0, 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
12
[ "In", "2002", "Hutter", ",", "with", "Jürgen", "Schmidhuber", "and", "Shane", "Legg", ",", "developed", "and", "published", "a", "mathematical", "theory", "of", "artificial", "general", "intelligence", "based", "on", "idealised", "intelligent", "agents", "and", "reward-motivated", "reinforcement", "learning", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 65, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 32, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0 ]
13
[ "The", "most", "common", "way", "is", "using", "the", "so-called", "ROUGE", "(", "Recall-Oriented", "Understudy", "for", "Gisting", "Evaluation", ")", "measure", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39, 0, 39, 40, 40, 40, 40, 0, 0, 0 ]
14
[ "RapidMiner", "provides", "learning", "schemes", ",", "models", "and", "algorithms", "and", "can", "be", "extended", "using", "R", "and", "Python", "scripts", ".", "David", "Norris", ",", "Bloor", "Research", ",", "November", "13", ",", "2013", "." ]
[ 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 0, 61, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 49, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
15
[ "tity", "contains", "a", "collection", "of", "visualization", "tools", "and", "algorithms", "for", "data", "analysis", "and", "predictive", "modeling", ",", "together", "with", "graphical", "user", "interfaces", "for", "easy", "access", "to", "these", "functions.", "but", "the", "more", "recent", "fully", "Java", "-based", "version", "(", "Weka", "3", ")", ",", "for", "which", "development", "started", "in", "1997", ",", "is", "now", "used", "in", "many", "different", "application", "areas", ",", "in", "particular", "for", "educational", "purposes", "and", "research", "." ]
[ 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
16
[ "Eurisko", "made", "many", "interesting", "discoveries", "and", "enjoyed", "significant", "acclaim", ",", "with", "his", "paper", "Heuretics", ":", "Theoretical", "and", "Study", "of", "Heuristic", "Rules", "winning", "the", "Best", "Paper", "award", "at", "the", "1982", "Association", "for", "the", "Advancement", "of", "Artificial", "Intelligence", "." ]
[ 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 0, 0, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 0 ]
17
[ "To", "allow", "for", "multiple", "entities", ",", "a", "separate", "Hinge", "loss", "is", "computed", "for", "each", "capsule", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
18
[ "With", "the", "emergence", "of", "conversational", "assistants", "such", "as", "Apple", "'s", "Siri", ",", "Amazon", "Alexa", ",", "Google", "Assistant", ",", "Microsoft", "Cortana", ",", "and", "Samsung", "'s", "Bixby", ",", "Voice", "Portals", "can", "now", "be", "accessed", "through", "mobile", "devices", "and", "Far", "Field", "voice", "smart", "speakers", "such", "as", "the", "Amazon", "Echo", "and", "Google", "Home", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 60, 0, 59, 60, 0, 59, 60, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 59, 60, 60, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 60, 60, 60, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 59, 60, 0 ]
19
[ "Examples", "of", "supervised", "learning", "are", "Naive", "Bayes", "classifier", ",", "Support", "vector", "machine", ",", "mixtures", "of", "Gaussians", ",", "and", "network", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 5, 0 ]
20
[ "One", "can", "use", "the", "OSD", "algorithm", "to", "derive", "math", "O", "(", "\\", "sqrt", "{", "T", "}", ")", "/", "math", "regret", "bounds", "for", "the", "online", "version", "of", "Support", "vector", "machine", "for", "classification", ",", "which", "use", "the", "hinge", "loss", "math", "v", "_", "t", "(", "w", ")", "=", "\\", "max", "\\", "{", "0", ",", "1", "-", "y", "_", "t", "(", "w", "\\", "cdot", "x", "_", "t", ")", "\\", "}", "/", "math" ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 71, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
21
[ "Applications", "include", "object", "recognition", ",", "robotic", "mapping", "and", "navigation", ",", "image", "stitching", ",", "3D", "modeling", ",", "gesture", "recognition", ",", "video", "tracking", ",", "individual", "identification", "of", "wildlife", "and", "match", "moving", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 72, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0 ]
22
[ "A", "number", "of", "groups", "and", "companies", "are", "researching", "pose", "estimation", ",", "including", "groups", "at", "Brown", "University", ",", "Carnegie", "Mellon", "University", ",", "MPI", "Saarbruecken", ",", "Stanford", "University", ",", "the", "University", "of", "California", ",", "San", "Diego", ",", "the", "University", "of", "Toronto", ",", "the", "École", "Centrale", "Paris", ",", "ETH", "Zurich", ",", "National", "University", "of", "Sciences", "and", "Technology", "(", "NUST", ")", ",", "and", "the", "University", "of", "California", ",", "Irvine", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 75, 76, 0, 75, 76, 76, 0, 75, 76, 0, 75, 76, 0, 0, 75, 76, 76, 76, 76, 76, 0, 0, 75, 76, 76, 0, 0, 75, 76, 76, 0, 75, 76, 0, 75, 76, 76, 76, 76, 76, 0, 75, 0, 0, 0, 0, 75, 76, 76, 76, 76, 0 ]
23
[ "Sigmoid", "function", "Cross", "entropy", "loss", "is", "used", "for", "predicting", "K", "independent", "probability", "values", "in", "math", "0,1", "/", "math", "." ]
[ 39, 40, 40, 40, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
24
[ "He", "held", "the", "Johann", "Bernoulli", "Chair", "of", "Mathematics", "and", "Informatics", "at", "the", "University", "of", "Groningen", "in", "the", "Netherlands", ",", "and", "the", "Toshiba", "Endowed", "Chair", "at", "the", "Tokyo", "Institute", "of", "Technology", "in", "Japan", "before", "becoming", "Professor", "at", "Cambridge", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 0, 31, 0, 31, 0, 0, 75, 76, 76, 0, 0, 21, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 0, 0, 75, 76, 76, 76, 0, 21, 0, 0, 0, 0, 75, 0 ]
25
[ "Another", "technique", "particularly", "used", "for", "recurrent", "neural", "network", "s", "is", "the", "long", "short-term", "memory", "(", "LSTM", ")", "network", "of", "1997", "by", "Sepp", "Hochreiter", "&", "Jürgen", "Schmidhuber", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0 ]
26
[ "The", "inclusion", "of", "a", "C", "+", "+", "interpreter", "(", "CINT", "until", "version", "5.34", ",", "Cling", "from", "version", "6", ")", "makes", "this", "package", "very", "versatile", "as", "it", "can", "be", "used", "in", "interactive", ",", "scripted", "and", "compiled", "modes", "in", "a", "manner", "similar", "to", "commercial", "products", "like", "MATLAB", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 62, 62, 0, 0, 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 0 ]
27
[ "Voice", "user", "interfaces", "that", "interpret", "and", "manage", "conversational", "state", "are", "challenging", "to", "design", "due", "to", "the", "inherent", "difficulty", "of", "integrating", "complex", "natural", "language", "processing", "tasks", "like", "coreference", "resolution", ",", "named-entity", "recognition", ",", "information", "retrieval", ",", "and", "dialog", "management", "." ]
[ 59, 60, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 32, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0 ]
28
[ "Between", "2009", "and", "2012", ",", "the", "recurrent", "neural", "network", "s", "and", "deep", "feedforward", "neural", "network", "s", "developed", "in", "the", "research", "group", "of", "Jürgen", "Schmidhuber", "at", "the", "Swiss", "AI", "Lab", "IDSIA", "have", "won", "eight", "international", "competitions", "in", "pattern", "recognition", "and", "machine", "learning", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 31, 32, 0 ]
29
[ "Modern", "Windows", "desktop", "systems", "can", "use", "SAPI", "4", "and", "SAPI", "5", "components", "to", "support", "speech", "synthesis", "and", "speech", "." ]
[ 0, 59, 60, 60, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 0 ]
30
[ "He", "received", "two", "honorary", "degree", "s", ",", "one", "S.", "V.", "della", "laurea", "ad", "honorem", "in", "Psychology", "from", "the", "University", "of", "Padua", "in", "1995", "and", "one", "doctorate", "in", "Industrial", "Design", "and", "Engineering", "from", "Delft", "University", "of", "Technology", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 0, 31, 0, 0, 75, 76, 76, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 32, 32, 0, 75, 76, 76, 76, 0 ]
31
[ "With", "long-time", "collaborator", "Laurent", "Cohen", ",", "a", "neurologist", "at", "the", "Pitié-Salpêtrière", "Hospital", "in", "Paris", ",", "Dehaene", "also", "identified", "patients", "with", "lesions", "in", "different", "regions", "of", "the", "parietal", "lobe", "with", "impaired", "multiplication", ",", "but", "preserved", "subtraction", "(", "associated", "with", "lesions", "of", "the", "inferior", "parietal", "lobule", ")", "and", "others", "with", "impaired", "subtraction", ",", "but", "preserved", "multiplication", "(", "associated", "with", "lesions", "to", "the", "intraparietal", "sulcus", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 0, 35, 0, 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0 ]
32
[ "More", "recently", ",", "fictional", "representations", "of", "artificially", "intelligent", "robots", "in", "films", "such", "as", "A.I.", "Artificial", "Intelligence", "and", "Ex", "Machina", "and", "the", "2016", "TV", "adaptation", "of", "Westworld", "have", "engaged", "audience", "sympathy", "for", "the", "robots", "themselves", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
33
[ "Two", "of", "the", "main", "methods", "used", "in", "unsupervised", "learning", "are", "principal", "component", "analysis", "and", "cluster", "analysis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 71, 72, 0 ]
34
[ "The", "Walt", "Disney", "Company", "also", "began", "more", "prominent", "use", "of", "3D", "films", "in", "special", "venues", "to", "impress", "audiences", "with", "Magic", "Journeys", "(", "1982", ")", "and", "Captain", "EO", "(", "Francis", "Ford", "Coppola", ",", "1986", ",", "starring", "Michael", "Jackson", ")", "being", "notable", "examples", "." ]
[ 49, 50, 50, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 51, 52, 52, 0, 0, 0, 0, 51, 52, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
35
[ "Since", "2002", ",", "perceptron", "training", "has", "become", "popular", "in", "the", "field", "of", "natural", "language", "processing", "for", "such", "tasks", "as", "part-of-speech", "tagging", "and", "syntactic", "parsing", "(", "Collins", ",", "2002", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 65, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
36
[ "The", "first", "palletizing", "robot", "was", "introduced", "in", "1963", "by", "the", "Fuji", "Yusoki", "Kogyo", "Company.", "by", "KUKA", "robotics", "in", "Germany", ",", "and", "the", "Programmable", "Universal", "Machine", "for", "Assembly", "was", "invented", "by", "Victor", "Scheinman", "in", "1976", ",", "and", "the", "design", "was", "sold", "to", "Unimation", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 0, 49, 50, 0, 21, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 60, 60, 60, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 0 ]
37
[ "In", "the", "middle", "of", "the", "1990s", ",", "while", "serving", "as", "president", "of", "the", "AAAI", ",", "Hayes", "began", "a", "series", "of", "attacks", "on", "critics", "of", "AI", ",", "mostly", "phrased", "in", "an", "ironic", "light", ",", "and", "(", "together", "with", "his", "colleague", "Kenneth", "Ford", ")", "invented", "an", "award", "named", "after", "Simon", "Newcomb", "to", "be", "given", "for", "the", "most", "ridiculous", "argument", "disproving", "the", "possibility", "of", "AI", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 0 ]
38
[ "An", "optimal", "value", "for", "math", "\\", "alpha", "/", "math", "can", "be", "found", "by", "using", "a", "line", "search", "algorithm", ",", "that", "is", ",", "the", "magnitude", "of", "math", "\\", "alpha", "/", "math", "is", "determined", "by", "finding", "the", "value", "that", "minimizes", "S", ",", "usually", "using", "a", "line", "search", "in", "the", "interval", "math0", "\\", "alpha", "1", "/", "math", "or", "a", "backtracking", "line", "search", "such", "as", "Armijo-line", "search", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0 ]
39
[ "He", "discusses", "Breadth-first", "search", "and", "Depth-first", "search", "techniques", ",", "but", "eventually", "concludes", "that", "the", "results", "represent", "expert", "system", "s", "that", "incarnate", "a", "lot", "of", "technical", "knowledge", "but", "don", "'t", "shine", "much", "light", "on", "the", "mental", "processes", "that", "humans", "use", "to", "solve", "such", "puzzles", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
40
[ "Speech", "recognition", "and", "speech", "synthesis", "deal", "with", "how", "spoken", "language", "can", "be", "understood", "or", "created", "using", "computers", "." ]
[ 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
41
[ "This", "math", "\\", "theta", "^", "{", "*", "}", "/", "math", "is", "normally", "estimated", "using", "a", "Maximum", "Likelihood", "(", "math", "\\", "theta", "^", "{", "*", "}", "=", "\\", "theta", "^", "{", "ML", "}", "/", "math", ")", "or", "Maximum", "A", "Posteriori", "(", "math", "\\", "theta", "^", "{", "*", "}", "=", "\\", "theta", "^", "{", "MAP", "}", "/", "math", ")", "procedure", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
42
[ "Some", "less", "widely", "spoken", "languages", "use", "the", "open-source", "eSpeak", "synthesizer", "for", "their", "speech", ";", "producing", "a", "robotic", ",", "awkward", "voice", "that", "may", "be", "difficult", "to", "understand", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
43
[ "Although", "used", "mainly", "by", "statisticians", "and", "other", "practitioners", "requiring", "an", "environment", "for", "statistical", "computation", "and", "software", "development", ",", "R", "can", "also", "operate", "as", "a", "general", "matrix", "calculation", "toolbox", "-", "with", "performance", "benchmarks", "comparable", "to", "GNU", "Octave", "or", "MATLAB", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 62, 0, 59, 0 ]
44
[ "Heterodyning", "is", "a", "signal", "processing", "technique", "invented", "by", "Canadian", "inventor-engineer", "Reginald", "Fessenden", "that", "creates", "new", "frequencies", "by", "combining", "mixing", "two", "frequencies", "." ]
[ 5, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 0, 0, 41, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
45
[ "Several", "other", "features", "that", "helped", "put", "3D", "back", "on", "the", "map", "that", "month", "were", "the", "John", "Wayne", "feature", "Hondo", "(", "distributed", "by", "Warner", "Bros.", ")", ",", "Columbia", "'s", "Miss", "Sadie", "Thompson", "with", "Rita", "Hayworth", ",", "and", "Paramount", "'s", "Money", "From", "Home", "with", "Dean", "Martin", "and", "Jerry", "Lewis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 51, 52, 0, 41, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 0, 0, 49, 0, 41, 42, 42, 0, 51, 52, 0, 0, 49, 0, 41, 42, 42, 0, 51, 52, 0, 51, 52, 0 ]
46
[ "DeepFace", "is", "a", "deep", "learning", "facial", "recognition", "system", "created", "by", "a", "research", "group", "at", "Facebook", "." ]
[ 59, 0, 0, 31, 32, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 0 ]
47
[ "Geometry", "processing", "is", "a", "common", "research", "topic", "at", "SIGGRAPH", ",", "the", "premier", "computer", "graphics", "academic", "conference", ",", "and", "the", "main", "topic", "of", "the", "annual", "Symposium", "on", "Geometry", "Processing", "." ]
[ 31, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 20, 20, 20, 0 ]
48
[ "Feature", "extraction", "and", "dimension", "reduction", "can", "be", "combined", "in", "one", "step", "using", "Principal", "Component", "Analysis", "(", "PCA", ")", ",", "linear", "discriminant", "analysis", "(", "LDA", ")", ",", "or", "canonical", "correlation", "analysis", "(", "CCA", ")", "techniques", "as", "a", "pre-processing", "step", ",", "followed", "by", "clustering", "by", "k", "-NN", "on", "feature", "vectors", "in", "reduced-dimension", "space", "." ]
[ 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
49
[ "Artificial", "neural", "networks", "are", "computational", "models", "that", "excel", "at", "machine", "learning", "and", "pattern", "recognition", "." ]
[ 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 31, 32, 0 ]
50
[ ",", "C.", "Papageorgiou", "and", "T.", "Poggio", ",", "A", "Trainable", "Pedestrian", "Detection", "system", ",", "International", "Journal", "of", "Computer", "Vision", "(", "IJCV", ")", ",", "pages", "1", ":", "15-33", ",", "2000", "others", "uses", "local", "features", "like", "histogram", "of", "oriented", "gradients", "N.", "Dalal", ",", "B.", "Triggs", ",", "Histograms", "of", "oriented", "gradients", "for", "human", "detection", ",", "IEEE", "Computer", "Society", "Conference", "on", "Computer", "Vision", "and", "Pattern", "Recognition", "(", "CVPR", ")", ",", "pages", "1", ":", "886-893", ",", "2005", "descriptors", "." ]
[ 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 59, 60, 60, 60, 0, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0, 71, 72, 0, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
51
[ "An", "autoencoder", "is", "a", "type", "of", "artificial", "neural", "network", "used", "to", "learn", "Feature", "learning", "in", "an", "unsupervised", "learning", "manner", "." ]
[ 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 0 ]
52
[ "Haralick", "is", "a", "Fellow", "of", "IEEE", "for", "his", "contributions", "in", "computer", "vision", "and", "image", "processing", "and", "a", "Fellow", "of", "the", "International", "Association", "for", "Pattern", "Recognition", "(", "IAPR", ")", "for", "his", "contributions", "in", "pattern", "recognition", ",", "image", "processing", ",", "and", "for", "service", "to", "IAPR", "." ]
[ 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 31, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 0, 49, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 31, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 0 ]
53
[ "The", "first", "attempt", "at", "end-to-end", "ASR", "was", "with", "Connectionist", "Temporal", "Classification", "(", "CTC", ")", "-based", "systems", "introduced", "by", "Alex", "Graves", "of", "Google", "DeepMind", "and", "Navdeep", "Jaitly", "of", "the", "University", "of", "Toronto", "in", "2014", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 49, 50, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 75, 76, 76, 0, 0, 0 ]
54
[ "Linear-fractional", "programming", "(", "LFP", ")", "is", "a", "generalization", "of", "linear", "programming", "(", "LP", ")", "." ]
[ 5, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0 ]
55
[ "Lafferty", "received", "numerous", "awards", ",", "including", "two", "Test-of-Time", "awards", "at", "the", "International", "Conference", "on", "Machine", "Learning", "2011", "&", "2012", "," ]
[ 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 0 ]
56
[ "With", "the", "advent", "of", "component-based", "frameworks", "such", "as", ".NET", "and", "Java", ",", "component", "based", "development", "environments", "are", "capable", "of", "deploying", "the", "developed", "neural", "network", "to", "these", "frameworks", "as", "inheritable", "components", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 0, 61, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
57
[ "As", "with", "BLEU", ",", "the", "basic", "unit", "of", "evaluation", "is", "the", "sentence", ",", "the", "algorithm", "first", "creates", "an", "alignment", "(", "see", "illustrations", ")", "between", "two", "sentence", "s", ",", "the", "candidate", "translation", "string", ",", "and", "the", "reference", "translation", "string", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 39, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
58
[ "One", "of", "the", "metrics", "used", "in", "NIST", "'", "s", "annual", "Document", "Understanding", "Conferences", ",", "in", "which", "research", "groups", "submit", "their", "systems", "for", "both", "summarization", "and", "translation", "tasks", ",", "is", "the", "ROUGE", "metric", "(", "Recall-Oriented", "Understudy", "for", "Gisting", "Evaluation", ",", "In", "Advances", "of", "Neural", "Information", "Processing", "Systems", "(", "NIPS", ")", ",", "Montreal", ",", "Canada", ",", "December", "-", "2014", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 39, 40, 0, 39, 40, 40, 40, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 20, 20, 20, 0, 19, 0, 0, 35, 0, 21, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
59
[ "Same", "implementation", ",", "to", "run", "in", "Java", "with", "JShell", "(", "Java", "9", "minimum", ")", ":", "codejshell", "scriptfile", "/", "codesyntaxhighlight", "lang", "=", "java" ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 0, 59, 0, 61, 62, 0, 0, 0, 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61 ]
60
[ "The", "NIST", "metric", "is", "based", "on", "the", "BLEU", "metric", ",", "but", "with", "some", "alterations", "." ]
[ 0, 39, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
61
[ "In", "the", "late", "1980s", ",", "two", "Netherlands", "universities", ",", "University", "of", "Groningen", "and", "University", "of", "Twente", ",", "jointly", "began", "a", "project", "called", "Knowledge", "Graphs", ",", "which", "are", "semantic", "networks", "but", "with", "the", "added", "constraint", "that", "edges", "are", "restricted", "to", "be", "from", "a", "limited", "set", "of", "possible", "relations", ",", "to", "facilitate", "algebras", "on", "the", "graph", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 21, 0, 0, 75, 76, 76, 0, 75, 76, 76, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
62
[ "Grammar", "checkers", "are", "most", "often", "implemented", "as", "a", "feature", "of", "a", "larger", "program", ",", "such", "as", "a", "word", "processor", ",", "but", "are", "also", "available", "as", "a", "stand-alone", "application", "that", "can", "be", "activated", "from", "within", "programs", "that", "work", "with", "editable", "text", "." ]
[ 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
63
[ "He", "is", "a", "Fellow", "of", "the", "American", "Association", "for", "the", "Advancement", "of", "Science", ",", "Association", "for", "the", "Advancement", "Artificial", "Intelligence", ",", "and", "Cognitive", "Science", "Society", ",", "and", "an", "editor", "of", "the", "J.", "Automated", "Reasoning", ",", "J.", "Learning", "Sciences", ",", "and", "J.", "Applied", "Ontology", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 0, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 20, 20, 0, 19, 20, 20, 0, 0, 19, 20, 20, 0 ]
64
[ "Linear", "predictive", "coding", "(", "LPC", ")", ",", "a", "form", "of", "speech", "coding", ",", "began", "development", "with", "the", "work", "Fumitada", "Itakura", "of", "Nagoya", "University", "and", "Shuzo", "Saito", "of", "Nippon", "Telegraph", "and", "Telephone", "(", "NTT", ")", "in", "1966", "." ]
[ 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 75, 76, 0, 65, 66, 0, 75, 76, 76, 76, 0, 75, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
65
[ "If", "the", "signal", "is", "further", "ergodic", ",", "all", "sample", "paths", "exhibits", "the", "same", "time-average", "and", "thus", "mathR", "_", "x", "^", "{", "n", "/", "T", "_", "0", "}", "(", "\\", "tau", ")", "=", "\\", "widehat", "{", "R", "}", "_", "x", "^", "{", "n", "/", "T", "_", "0", "}", "(", "\\", "tau", ")", "/", "math", "in", "mean", "square", "error", "sense", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39, 40, 40, 0, 0 ]
66
[ "Feature", "extraction", "and", "dimension", "reduction", "can", "be", "combined", "in", "one", "step", "using", "principal", "component", "analysis", "(", "PCA", ")", ",", "linear", "discriminant", "analysis", "(", "LDA", ")", ",", "canonical", "correlation", "analysis", "(", "CCA", ")", ",", "or", "non-negative", "matrix", "factorization", "(", "NMF", ")", "techniques", "as", "a", "pre-processing", "step", "followed", "by", "clustering", "by", "K-NN", "on", "feature", "vectors", "in", "reduced-dimension", "space", "." ]
[ 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
67
[ "Libraries", "written", "in", "Perl", ",", "Java", ",", "ActiveX", "or", ".NET", "can", "be", "directly", "called", "from", "MATLAB", "," ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 61, 0, 61, 0, 61, 0, 61, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 0 ]
68
[ "The", "task", "of", "recognizing", "named", "entities", "in", "text", "is", "Named", "Entity", "Recognition", "while", "the", "task", "of", "determining", "the", "identity", "of", "the", "named", "entities", "mentioned", "in", "text", "is", "called", "Entity", "Linking", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 72, 72, 72, 0, 71, 72, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0 ]
69
[ "The", "sigmoid", "function", "s", "and", "derivatives", "used", "in", "the", "package", "were", "originally", "included", "in", "the", "package", ",", "from", "version", "0.8.0", "onwards", ",", "these", "were", "released", "in", "a", "separate", "R", "package", "sigmoid", ",", "with", "the", "intention", "to", "enable", "more", "general", "use", "." ]
[ 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
70
[ "Logo", "was", "created", "in", "1967", "at", "Bolt", ",", "Beranek", "and", "Newman", "(", "BBN", ")", ",", "a", "Cambridge", ",", "Massachusetts", "research", "firm", ",", "by", "Wally", "Feurzeig", ",", "Cynthia", "Solomon", ",", "and", "Seymour", "Papert", "." ]
[ 61, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 0, 49, 0, 0, 0, 75, 0, 75, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0 ]
71
[ "Neuroevolution", "is", "commonly", "used", "as", "part", "of", "the", "reinforcement", "learning", "paradigm", ",", "and", "it", "can", "be", "contrasted", "with", "conventional", "deep", "learning", "techniques", "that", "use", "gradient", "descent", "on", "a", "neural", "network", "with", "a", "fixed", "topology", "." ]
[ 41, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
72
[ "If", "we", "use", "least", "squares", "to", "fit", "a", "function", "in", "the", "form", "of", "a", "hyperplane", "ŷ", "=", "a", "+", "β", "supT", "/", "sup", "x", "to", "the", "data", "(", "x", "sub", "i", "/", "sub", ",", "y", "sub", "i", "/", "sub", ")", "sub", "1", "≤", "i", "≤", "n", "/", "sub", ",", "we", "could", "then", "assess", "the", "fit", "using", "the", "mean", "squared", "error", "(", "MSE", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39, 40, 40, 0, 39, 0, 0 ]
73
[ "The", "company", "has", "international", "locations", "in", "Australia", ",", "Brazil", ",", "Canada", ",", "China", ",", "Germany", ",", "India", ",", "Italy", ",", "Japan", ",", "Korea", ",", "Lithuania", ",", "Poland", ",", "Malaysia", ",", "the", "Philippines", ",", "Russia", ",", "Singapore", ",", "South", "Africa", ",", "Spain", ",", "Taiwan", ",", "Thailand", ",", "Turkey", "and", "the", "United", "Kingdom", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 22, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 0, 21, 22, 0 ]
74
[ "He", "holds", "a", "D.Sc.", "degree", "in", "electrical", "and", "computer", "engineering", "(", "2000", ")", "from", "Inria", "and", "the", "University", "of", "Nice", "Sophia", "Antipolis", ",", "and", "has", "held", "permanent", "positions", "at", "Siemens", "Corporate", "Technology", ",", "École", "des", "ponts", "ParisTech", "as", "well", "as", "visiting", "positions", "at", "Rutgers", "University", ",", "Yale", "University", "and", "University", "of", "Houston", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 31, 32, 32, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 0, 0, 75, 76, 76, 76, 76, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 0, 75, 76, 76, 76, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 75, 76, 0, 75, 76, 0, 75, 76, 76, 0 ]
75
[ "Licensing", "the", "original", "patent", "awarded", "to", "inventor", "George", "Devol", ",", "Engelberger", "developed", "the", "first", "industrial", "robot", "in", "the", "United", "States", ",", "the", "Unimate", ",", "in", "the", "1950s", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 21, 22, 0, 0, 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
76
[ "The", "input", "is", "called", "speech", "recognition", "and", "the", "output", "is", "called", "speech", "synthesis", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0 ]
77
[ "Descendants", "of", "the", "CLIPS", "language", "include", "Jess", "(", "rule-based", "portion", "of", "CLIPS", "rewritten", "in", "Java", ",", "it", "later", "grew", "up", "in", "different", "direction", ")", ",", "JESS", "was", "originally", "inspired" ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 61, 0, 0, 61, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 0, 0, 61, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 0, 0, 0 ]
78
[ "It", "also", "created", "flexible", "intelligent", "AGV", "applications", ",", "designing", "the", "Motivity", "control", "system", "used", "by", "RMT", "Robotics", "to", "develop", "its", "ADAM", "iAGV", "(", "Self-Guided", "Vehicle", ")", ",", "used", "for", "complex", "pick", "and", "place", "operations", ",", "in", "conjunction", "with", "gantry", "systems", "and", "industrial", "robot", "arms", ",", "used", "in", "first-tier", "auto", "supply", "factories", "to", "move", "products", "from", "process", "to", "process", "in", "non-linear", "layouts", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 60, 0, 0, 49, 50, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 59, 60, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0 ]
79
[ "The", "parameters", "β", "are", "typically", "estimated", "by", "maximum", "likelihood", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39, 40, 0 ]
80
[ "The", "information", "retrieval", "metrics", "such", "as", "precision", "and", "recall", "or", "DCG", "are", "useful", "to", "assess", "the", "quality", "of", "a", "recommendation", "method", "." ]
[ 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 39, 0, 39, 0, 39, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
81
[ "A", "typical", "factory", "contains", "hundreds", "of", "industrial", "robot", "s", "working", "on", "fully", "automated", "production", "lines", ",", "with", "one", "robot", "for", "every", "ten", "human", "workers", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
82
[ "Over", "the", "past", "decade", ",", "PCNNs", "have", "been", "used", "in", "a", "variety", "of", "image", "processing", "applications", ",", "including", ":", "image", "segmentation", ",", "feature", "generation", ",", "face", "extraction", ",", "motion", "detection", ",", "region", "growing", ",", "and", "noise", "reduction", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0 ]
83
[ "Xu", "has", "published", "more", "than", "50", "papers", "at", "international", "conferences", "and", "in", "journals", "in", "the", "field", "of", "computer", "vision", "and", "won", "the", "Best", "Paper", "Award", "at", "the", "international", "conference", "on", "Non-Photorealistic", "Rendering", "and", "Animation", "(", "NPAR", ")", "2012", "and", "the", "Best", "Reviewer", "Award", "at", "the", "international", "conferences", "Asian", "Conference", "on", "Computer", "Vision", "ACCV", "2012", "and", "International", "Conference", "on", "Computer", "Vision", "(", "ICCV", ")", "2015", "." ]
[ 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 0, 0, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 0, 0, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 19, 20, 0, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0 ]
84
[ "CycL", "in", "computer", "science", "and", "artificial", "intelligence", "is", "an", "ontology", "language", "used", "by", "Doug", "Lenat", "'s", "Cyc", "artificial", "project", "." ]
[ 61, 0, 31, 32, 0, 31, 32, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 41, 42, 42, 0 ]
85
[ "Also", "in", "regression", "analysis", ",", "mean", "squared", "error", ",", "often", "referred", "to", "as", "mean", "squared", "prediction", "error", "or", "out-of-sample", "mean", "squared", "error", ",", "can", "refer", "to", "the", "mean", "value", "of", "the", "squared", "deviations", "of", "the", "predictions", "from", "the", "TRUE", "values", ",", "over", "an", "out-of-sample", "test", "space", ",", "generated", "by", "a", "model", "estimated", "over", "a", "particular", "sample", "space", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 39, 40, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39, 40, 40, 40, 0, 39, 40, 40, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
86
[ "As", "for", "the", "results", ",", "the", "C-HOG", "and", "R-HOG", "block", "descriptors", "perform", "comparably", ",", "with", "the", "C-HOG", "descriptors", "maintaining", "a", "slight", "advantage", "in", "the", "detection", "miss", "rate", "at", "fixed", "FALSE", "positive", "rate", "s", "across", "both", "data", "sets", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39, 40, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
87
[ "Popular", "recognition", "algorithms", "include", "principal", "component", "analysis", "using", "eigenface", "s", ",", "linear", "discriminant", "analysis", ",", "Elastic", "matching", "using", "the", "Fisherface", "algorithm", ",", "the", "hidden", "Markov", "model", ",", "the", "multilinear", "subspace", "learning", "using", "tensor", "representation", ",", "and", "the", "neuronal", "motivated", "dynamic", "link", "matching", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 41, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 41, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0 ]
88
[ "Beginning", "at", "the", "2019", "Toronto", "International", "Film", "Festival", ",", "films", "may", "now", "be", "restricted", "from", "screening", "at", "Scotiabank", "Theatre", "Toronto", "-", "one", "of", "the", "festival", "'s", "main", "venues", "-", "and", "screened", "elsewhere", "(", "such", "as", "TIFF", "Bell", "Lightbox", "and", "other", "local", "cinemas", ")", "if", "distributed", "by", "a", "service", "such", "as", "Netflix", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 42, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 35, 36, 36, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 35, 36, 36, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 0 ]
89
[ "Unimation", "purchased", "Victor", "Scheinman", "'", "s", "Vicarm", "Inc.", "in", "1977", ",", "and", "with", "Scheinman", "'s", "help", ",", "the", "company", "created", "and", "began", "producing", "the", "Programmable", "Universal", "Machine", "for", "Assembly", ",", "a", "new", "model", "of", "robotic", "arm", ",", "and", "using", "Scheinman", "'s", "cutting-edge", "VAL", "programming", "language", "." ]
[ 49, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 49, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 60, 60, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 0, 0, 61, 62, 62, 0 ]
90
[ "J48", "is", "an", "open", "source", "Java", "implementation", "of", "the", "C4.5", "algorithm", "in", "the", "Weka", "data", "mining", "tool", "." ]
[ 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 59, 60, 60, 60, 0 ]
91
[ "The", "2004", "SSIM", "paper", "has", "been", "cited", "over", "20,000", "times", "according", "to", "Google", "Scholar", ",", "It", "also", "received", "the", "IEEE", "Signal", "Processing", "Society", "Sustained", "Impact", "Award", "for", "2016", ",", "indicative", "of", "a", "paper", "having", "an", "unusually", "high", "impact", "for", "at", "least", "10", "years", "following", "its", "publication", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 39, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
92
[ "The", "speech", "synthesis", "is", "verging", "on", "being", "completely", "indistinguishable", "from", "a", "real", "human", "'s", "voice", "with", "the", "2016", "introduction", "of", "the", "voice", "editing", "and", "generation", "software", "Adobe", "Voco", ",", "a", "prototype", "slated", "to", "be", "a", "part", "of", "the", "Adobe", "Creative", "Suite", "and", "DeepMind", "WaveNet", ",", "a", "prototype", "from", "Google", "." ]
[ 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 60, 0, 49, 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 0 ]
93
[ "Poggio", "is", "an", "honorary", "member", "of", "the", "Neuroscience", "Research", "Program", ",", "a", "member", "of", "the", "American", "Academy", "of", "Arts", "and", "Sciences", "and", "a", "founding", "fellow", "of", "AAAI", "and", "a", "founding", "member", "of", "the", "McGovern", "Institute", "for", "Brain", "Research", "." ]
[ 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 0 ]
94
[ "During", "the", "1990s", ",", "encouraged", "by", "successes", "in", "speech", "recognition", "and", "speech", "synthesis", ",", "research", "began", "into", "speech", "translation", "with", "the", "development", "of", "the", "German", "Verbmobil", "project", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 41, 42, 0 ]
95
[ "In", "1999", ",", "Felix", "Gers", "and", "his", "advisor", "Jürgen", "Schmidhuber", "and", "Fred", "Cummins", "introduced", "the", "forget", "gate", "(", "also", "called", "keep", "gate", ")", "into", "LSTM", "architecture", "," ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0 ]
96
[ "In", "digital", "signal", "processing", "and", "information", "theory", ",", "the", "normalized", "sinc", "function", "is", "commonly", "defined", "for", "by" ]
[ 0, 31, 32, 32, 0, 31, 32, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
97
[ "The", "term", "computational", "linguistics", "itself", "was", "first", "coined", "by", "David", "Hays", ",", "a", "founding", "member", "of", "both", "the", "Association", "for", "Computational", "Linguistics", "and", "the", "International", "Committee", "on", "Computational", "Linguistics", "(", "ICCL", ")", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 19, 20, 20, 20, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 0, 49, 0, 0 ]
98
[ "59", ",", "pp.", "2547-2553", ",", "Oct.", "2011", "In", "one", "dimensional", "polynomial-based", "memory", "(", "or", "memoryless", ")", "DPD", ",", "in", "order", "to", "solve", "for", "the", "digital", "pre-distorter", "polynomials", "coefficients", "and", "minimize", "the", "mean", "squared", "error", "(", "MSE", ")", ",", "the", "distorted", "output", "of", "the", "nonlinear", "system", "must", "be", "over-sampled", "at", "a", "rate", "that", "enables", "the", "capture", "of", "the", "nonlinear", "products", "of", "the", "order", "of", "the", "digital", "pre-distorter", "." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 42, 42, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 41, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 39, 40, 40, 0, 39, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
99
[ "Boris", "Katz", ",", "(", "born", "October", "5", ",", "1947", ",", "Chișinău", ",", "Moldavian", "SSR", ",", "Soviet", "Union", ",", "(", "now", "Chișinău", ",", "Moldova", ")", ")", "is", "a", "principal", "American", "research", "scientist", "(", "computer", "scientist", ")", "at", "the", "MIT", "Computer", "Science", "and", "Artificial", "Intelligence", "Laboratory", "at", "the", "Massachusetts", "Institute", "of", "Technology", "in", "Cambridge", "and", "head", "of", "the", "Laboratory", "'s", "InfoLab", "Group", "." ]
[ 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 35, 0, 35, 36, 0, 21, 22, 0, 0, 0, 35, 0, 21, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 0, 0, 49, 50, 50, 50, 0, 75, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 50, 0 ]

Dataset Card for CrossRE

Dataset Summary

CrossNER is a fully-labeled collected of named entity recognition (NER) data spanning over five diverse domains (Politics, Natural Science, Music, Literature, and Artificial Intelligence) with specialized entity categories for different domains. Additionally, CrossNER also includes unlabeled domain-related corpora for the corresponding five domains.

For details, see the paper: CrossNER: Evaluating Cross-Domain Named Entity Recognition

Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

More Information Needed

Languages

The language data in CrossNER is in English (BCP-47 en)

Dataset Structure

Data Instances

conll2003

  • Size of downloaded dataset files: 2.69 MB
  • Size of the generated dataset: 5.26 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows:

{
  "id": "0", 
  "tokens": ["EU", "rejects", "German", "call", "to", "boycott", "British", "lamb", "."], 
  "ner_tags": [49, 0, 41, 0, 0, 0, 41, 0, 0]
}

politics

  • Size of downloaded dataset files: 0.72 MB
  • Size of the generated dataset: 1.04 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows:

{
  "id": "0", 
  "tokens": ["Parties", "with", "mainly", "Eurosceptic", "views", "are", "the", "ruling", "United", "Russia", ",", "and", "opposition", "parties", "the", "Communist", "Party", "of", "the", "Russian", "Federation", "and", "Liberal", "Democratic", "Party", "of", "Russia", "."], 
  "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 56, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 0, 55, 56, 56, 56, 56, 0]
}

science

  • Size of downloaded dataset files: 0.49 MB
  • Size of the generated dataset: 0.73 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows:

{
  "id": "0", 
  "tokens": ["They", "may", "also", "use", "Adenosine", "triphosphate", ",", "Nitric", "oxide", ",", "and", "ROS", "for", "signaling", "in", "the", "same", "ways", "that", "animals", "do", "."], 
  "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
}

music

  • Size of downloaded dataset files: 0.41 MB
  • Size of the generated dataset: 0.65 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows:

{
  "id": "0", 
  "tokens": ["In", "2003", ",", "the", "Stade", "de", "France", "was", "the", "primary", "site", "of", "the", "2003", "World", "Championships", "in", "Athletics", "."], 
  "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 35, 36, 36, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 29, 30, 30, 30, 30, 0]
}

literature

  • Size of downloaded dataset files: 0.33 MB
  • Size of the generated dataset: 0.58 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows:

{
  "id": "0",
  "tokens": ["In", "1351", ",", "during", "the", "reign", "of", "Emperor", "Toghon", "Temür", "of", "the", "Yuan", "dynasty", ",", "93rd-generation", "descendant", "Kong", "Huan", "(", "孔浣", ")", "'", "s", "2nd", "son", "Kong", "Shao", "(", "孔昭", ")", "moved", "from", "China", "to", "Korea", "during", "the", "Goryeo", ",", "and", "was", "received", "courteously", "by", "Princess", "Noguk", "(", "the", "Mongolian-born", "wife", "of", "the", "future", "king", "Gongmin", ")", "."], 
  "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 51, 52, 52, 0, 0, 21, 22, 0, 0, 0, 77, 78, 0, 77, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 77, 78, 0, 77, 0, 0, 0, 21, 0, 21, 0, 0, 41, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 51, 52, 0, 0, 41, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 51, 0, 0]
}

ai

  • Size of downloaded dataset files: 0.29 MB
  • Size of the generated dataset: 0.48 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows:

{
  "id": "0", 
  "tokens": ["Popular", "approaches", "of", "opinion-based", "recommender", "system", "utilize", "various", "techniques", "including", "text", "mining", ",", "information", "retrieval", ",", "sentiment", "analysis", "(", "see", "also", "Multimodal", "sentiment", "analysis", ")", "and", "deep", "learning", "X.Y.", "Feng", ",", "H.", "Zhang", ",", "Y.J.", "Ren", ",", "P.H.", "Shang", ",", "Y.", "Zhu", ",", "Y.C.", "Liang", ",", "R.C.", "Guan", ",", "D.", "Xu", ",", "(", "2019", ")", ",", ",", "21", "(", "5", ")", ":", "e12957", "."], 
  "ner_tags": [0, 0, 0, 59, 60, 60, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 32, 0, 71, 72, 0, 71, 72, 0, 0, 0, 71, 72, 72, 0, 0, 31, 32, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 65, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
}

Data Fields

The data fields are the same among all splits.

  • id: the instance id of this sentence, a string feature.
  • tokens: the list of tokens of this sentence, a list of string features.
  • ner_tags: the list of entity tags, a list of classification labels.
{"O": 0, "B-academicjournal": 1, "I-academicjournal": 2, "B-album": 3, "I-album": 4, "B-algorithm": 5, "I-algorithm": 6, "B-astronomicalobject": 7, "I-astronomicalobject": 8, "B-award": 9, "I-award": 10, "B-band": 11, "I-band": 12, "B-book": 13, "I-book": 14, "B-chemicalcompound": 15, "I-chemicalcompound": 16, "B-chemicalelement": 17, "I-chemicalelement": 18, "B-conference": 19, "I-conference": 20, "B-country": 21, "I-country": 22, "B-discipline": 23, "I-discipline": 24, "B-election": 25, "I-election": 26, "B-enzyme": 27, "I-enzyme": 28, "B-event": 29, "I-event": 30, "B-field": 31, "I-field": 32, "B-literarygenre": 33, "I-literarygenre": 34, "B-location": 35, "I-location": 36, "B-magazine": 37, "I-magazine": 38, "B-metrics": 39, "I-metrics": 40, "B-misc": 41, "I-misc": 42, "B-musicalartist": 43, "I-musicalartist": 44, "B-musicalinstrument": 45, "I-musicalinstrument": 46, "B-musicgenre": 47, "I-musicgenre": 48, "B-organisation": 49, "I-organisation": 50, "B-person": 51, "I-person": 52, "B-poem": 53, "I-poem": 54, "B-politicalparty": 55, "I-politicalparty": 56, "B-politician": 57, "I-politician": 58, "B-product": 59, "I-product": 60, "B-programlang": 61, "I-programlang": 62, "B-protein": 63, "I-protein": 64, "B-researcher": 65, "I-researcher": 66, "B-scientist": 67, "I-scientist": 68, "B-song": 69, "I-song": 70, "B-task": 71, "I-task": 72, "B-theory": 73, "I-theory": 74, "B-university": 75, "I-university": 76, "B-writer": 77, "I-writer": 78}

Data Splits

Train Dev Test
conll2003 14,987 3,466 3,684
politics 200 541 651
science 200 450 543
music 100 380 456
literature 100 400 416
ai 100 350 431

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

More Information Needed

Source Data

Initial Data Collection and Normalization

More Information Needed

Who are the source language producers?

More Information Needed

Annotations

Annotation process

More Information Needed

Who are the annotators?

More Information Needed

Personal and Sensitive Information

More Information Needed

Considerations for Using the Data

Social Impact of Dataset

More Information Needed

Discussion of Biases

More Information Needed

Other Known Limitations

More Information Needed

Additional Information

Dataset Curators

More Information Needed

Licensing Information

More Information Needed

Citation Information 

@article{liu2020crossner,
      title={CrossNER: Evaluating Cross-Domain Named Entity Recognition}, 
      author={Zihan Liu and Yan Xu and Tiezheng Yu and Wenliang Dai and Ziwei Ji and Samuel Cahyawijaya and Andrea Madotto and Pascale Fung},
      year={2020},
      eprint={2012.04373},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

Contributions

Thanks to @phucdev for adding this dataset.

Downloads last month
301
Edit dataset card
Repository:
CrossNER
Paper:
CrossNER: Evaluating Cross-Domain Named Entity Recognition
Size of downloaded dataset files:
4.94 MB
Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:
2.33 MB
Number of rows:
26,071