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Zim
|
Configuration
|
## Configuration
Zim uses the [XDG base directories](../en/XDG_Base_Directory.html "XDG Base Directory").
Besides the configuration there exist the wiki directories which are set up when a new wikis are created. Those folders store all wiki pages in plain txt format.
|
Zim
|
Tips
|
## Tips
Specific user tricks to accomplish tasks.
### Plugins
Zim provides a lot of useful plugins where many of them are not enabled by default. They can be found at *Edit > Preferences > Plugins*. That is, there is a plugin which provides a tray icon.
#### Spell checker
The requirements for the Spell Checker plugin are as follows: [gtkspell3](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=gtkspell3) and [aspell-en](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=aspell-en).
Change `aspell-en` to your desired language support. Now you can configure the Spell Checker and define the default language, in my case `en_GB`. If you do not want Zim to spell-check based on your system default language, go to *File > Properties > Spell Checker* and enter a language code such as `en_US` or `en_GB`.
#### Source View
The requirements for Source View are as follows: [gtksourceview3](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=gtksourceview3)
|
Zim
|
Troubleshooting
|
## Troubleshooting
### Problems at launch
A common error is at start up resulting in a error message like the following [this thread](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=120139):
```
UnboundLocalError: local variable 'i' referenced before assignment
```
It is often related to a problem with the file path of the wikis stored in `~/.config/zim/notebooks.list`. Try to delete or move this file and restart Zim.
### Error: Unable to find or create trash directory
This error message indicates that Zim is not able to find the trash directory as in [this thread](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=126413). This occurs when the wiki is stored on a partition that does not have any trash directory under `/partition/.local/share/Trash`. Due to that one is not able to delete pages as Zim tries to move them to the trash. Solutions are either the creation of a trash directory or the installation of the developer snapshot instead of the stable version which permanently deletes a page if no trash directory can be found. Thus, the user does not receive this error message anymore.
|
Zim
|
See also
|
## See also
* [Zim homepage](https://www.zim-wiki.org/)
* [Zim official manual](https://zim-wiki.org/manual/Start.html)
* [A short screencast](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBZpWgzO9Ps)
* [Zim community documentation](https://github.com/jaap-karssenberg/zim-wiki/wiki)
* [Getting work done in Zim](https://www.glump.net/content/getting-work-done-in-zim/getting-work-done-in-zim.html)
* [Zim content pulled from various Wikis](https://wiki.kiwix.org/wiki/Content_in_all_languages)
[Category](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Note-taking software](../en/Category:Note-taking_software.html "Category:Note-taking software")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Zim&oldid=791861>"
- This page was last edited on 6 November 2023, at 03:58.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
- 
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ZoneMinder
|
Intro
|
# ZoneMinder
\[ ] 3 languages
* [Deutsch](https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/Zoneminder "Zoneminder – Deutsch")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/ZoneMinder "ZoneMinder – 日本語")
* [Русский](../ru/ZoneMinder.html "ZoneMinder – русский")
From ArchWiki
[ZoneMinder](https://www.zoneminder.com/) is an integrated set of applications which provide a complete surveillance solution allowing capture, analysis, recording and monitoring of any CCTV or security cameras attached to a Linux based machine. It is designed to run on distributions which support the Video For Linux (V4L) interface and has been tested with video cameras attached to BTTV cards, various USB cameras and also supports most IP network cameras.
|
ZoneMinder
|
Installation
|
## Installation
[Install](../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") the [zoneminder](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/zoneminder/)AUR package.
**Note:** It is very important that a [LAMP](../en/Category:Web_applications.html "LAMP") (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) stack is installed and properly configured in order for ZoneMinder to work.
#### Apache
1\) Edit [Apache](../en/Apache_HTTP_Server.html "Apache HTTP Server")'s `/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf` and uncomment the following lines:
```
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule cgid_module modules/mod_cgid.so
```
2\) In the same file, enable ZoneMinder's configuration by adding the following line at the end:
```
Include conf/extra/zoneminder.conf
```
Now [start](../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Start") or [restart](../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Restart") `httpd.service`.
#### Nginx
**Warning:** Before using ZoneMinder with Nginx, make sure you have installed the optional dependencies [fcgiwrap](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=fcgiwrap), [spawn-fcgi](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=spawn-fcgi) and [multiwatch](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/multiwatch/)AUR.
**Note:** The following instructions will create a modular setup for Nginx similar to the one used in Debian-based distributions.
1\) Edit [Nginx](../en/Nginx.html "Nginx")'s `/etc/nginx/nginx.conf` and add the following line at the end of the `http` block:
```
include sites-enabled/*.conf;
```
2\) Create the `/etc/nginx/sites-enabled` directory if it does not already exist:
```
# mkdir -p /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
```
3\) Link ZoneMinder's configuration file from `/etc/nginx/sites-available` to `/etc/nginx/sites-enabled`:
```
# ln -sf /etc/nginx/sites-{available,enabled}/zoneminder.conf
```
Now [start](../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Start") or [restart](../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Restart") `fcgiwrap-multiwatch.service` and `nginx.service`.
**Tip:** If `fcgiwrap-multiwatch.service` complains that a socket already exists and refuses to start, check the status of `fcgiwrap.socket` and `fcgiwrap.service` and [stop](../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Stop") them if they are active.
#### MariaDB
1\) If you have not already done so, initialize [MariaDB](../en/MariaDB.html "MariaDB")'s default database:
```
# mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql 2> /dev/null
```
2\) [Start](../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Start") `mariadb.service` and create a database and user for ZoneMinder:
**Note:** If you have not set a password for MariaDB's root user (which you really should) you must omit the `-p` option in the following commands.
```
# mysql -u root -p < /usr/share/zoneminder/db/zm_create.sql
# mysql -u root -p -e "grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,alter,index,lock tables,alter routine,create routine,trigger,execute on zm.* to 'zmuser'@localhost identified by 'zmpass';"
```
#### Final steps
Run the following command to create some [volatile files and directories](../en/Systemd.html#systemd-tmpfiles_-_temporary_files "Systemd") that are required by ZoneMinder during runtime:
```
# systemd-tmpfiles --create
```
Then, in addition to any services already started in the above steps, [start](../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Start") `php-fpm.service` and `zoneminder.service`. ZoneMinder's web interface will be accessible at <http://localhost:8095>.
|
ZoneMinder
|
Troubleshooting
|
## Troubleshooting
Logs by default are kept in `/var/log/zoneminder`. You can also inspect the log within the web interface.
See the upstream wiki page: [Troubleshooting](https://wiki.zoneminder.com/Troubleshooting).
### Flushing application data
This is useful for developers or users that need to wipe all ZoneMinder and start fresh.
#### Recreate the database
Drop the ZoneMinder MySQL database and delete the MySQL user:
```
# mysql -u root -p
```
```
DROP DATABASE zm;
DROP USER 'zmuser'@'localhost';
```
Recreate the database and user:
```
# mysql -u root -p
```
```
CREATE DATABASE zm;
CREATE USER 'zmuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'zmpass';
GRANT ALTER, CREATE, DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE ON zm.* TO 'zmuser'@'localhost';
exit
```
Import the preconfigured tables into your newly created zm database:
```
# mysql -u root -p zm < /usr/share/zoneminder/db/zm_create.sql
```
#### Flush the cache folders
**Warning:** This removes all images and events.
```
# rm -Rf /var/cache/zoneminder/events/* /var/cache/zoneminder/images/* /var/cache/zoneminder/temp/*
```
### Local video devices
It is important that the user running httpd (usually **http**) can access your cameras, for example:
```
$ groups http
```
```
video http
```
```
$ ls -l /dev/video0
```
```
crw-rw----+ 1 root video 81, 0 Oct 28 21:54 /dev/video0
```
That is, add the **http** user to the **video** group.
To add a user to the group run the command:
```
# usermod -aG video http
```
### Multiple local USB cameras
If you observe an error like, **libv4l2: error turning on stream: No space left on device** when using multiple USB video devices (such as multiple webcams), you may need to increase the bandwidth on the bus.
Test first by stopping `zoneminder.service`, then:
```
# rmmod uvcvideo
# modprobe uvcvideo quirks=128
```
Start `zoneminder.service` and if the issue is resolved, persist the change by adding the module option to `/etc/modprobe.d/uvcvideo.conf`. For example:
```
options uvcvideo nodrop=1 quirks=128
```
([reference](https://renoirsrants.blogspot.com.au/2011/07/multiple-webcams-on-zoneminder.html))
|
ZoneMinder
|
See also
|
## See also
* <https://wiki.zoneminder.com/index.php/Arch_Linux> — Upstream project page.
[Categories](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Surveillance](../en/Category:Surveillance.html "Category:Surveillance")
* [Web applications](../en/Category:Web_applications.html "Category:Web applications")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=ZoneMinder&oldid=797612>"
- This page was last edited on 20 January 2024, at 09:05.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
- 
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Zoom
|
Intro
|
# Zoom
From ArchWiki
**This article or section is being considered for removal.**
**Reason:** Not related to Arch, see [w:Zoom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom "w:Zoom") (Discuss in [Talk:Zoom](../en/Talk:Zoom.html))
**Zoom** may refer to:
* [List of applications/Other#Screen magnifiers](../en/List_of_applications/Other.html#Screen_magnifiers "List of applications/Other")
* [Zoom Meetings](../en/Zoom_Meetings.html "Zoom Meetings")
[Category](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Disambiguation pages](../en/Category:Disambiguation_pages.html "Category:Disambiguation pages")
Hidden category:
* [Sections flagged with Template:Remove](../en/Category:Sections_flagged_with_Template:Remove.html "Category:Sections flagged with Template:Remove")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Zoom&oldid=798608>"
- This page was last edited on 28 January 2024, at 13:44.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
- 
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Zoom Meetings
|
Intro
|
# Zoom Meetings
\[ ] 1 language
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Zoom_Meetings "Zoom Meetings – 日本語")
From ArchWiki
Related articles
* [Jitsi-meet](../en/Jitsi-meet.html "Jitsi-meet")
* [List of applications/Internet#Other IM clients](../en/List_of_applications/Internet.html#Other_IM_clients "List of applications/Internet")
[Zoom Meetings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_\(software\) "wikipedia:Zoom (software)") (commonly shortened to Zoom) is a proprietary, cross-platform, cloud-based video conferencing platform.
|
Zoom Meetings
|
Installation
|
## Installation
Preferably, [install](../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") [zoom](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/zoom/)AUR, since the files from the website will not allow self-updating.
|
Zoom Meetings
|
Tips and tricks
|
## Tips and tricks
**This article or section needs expansion.**
**Reason:** Show how to harden zoom with [bubblewrap](../en/Bubblewrap.html "Bubblewrap"). (Discuss in [Talk:Zoom Meetings](../en/Talk:Zoom_Meetings.html))
**Note:** The [xf86-video-intel](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=xf86-video-intel) driver (now considered deprecated) can cause screen share flicker on Intel's integrated GPUs. See [Intel graphics](../en/Intel_graphics.html "Intel graphics") for the deprecation info.
### Virtual backgrounds
Zoom saves the default virtual backgrounds to `~/.zoom/data/VirtualBkgnd_Default` and the custom virtual backgrounds to `~/.zoom/data/VirtualBkgnd_Custom`.
### Logs
Zoom saves the logs to `/home/user/.zoom/logs/zoom_stdout_stderr.log`.
### Use system theme
**Note:** This can lead to a lot of bugs.
[Edit](../en/Help:Reading.html#Append,_add,_create,_edit "Textedit") `~/.config/zoomus.conf` and change the value of `useSystemTheme` to `true`, then restart zoom.
### Disable Zoom mini window
Zoom's "Mini Window" feature allows to minimize the Zoom video, but keep it on top as an overlay. To disable it:
[Edit](../en/Help:Reading.html#Append,_add,_create,_edit "Textedit") `~/.config/zoomus.conf` and change the value of `enableMiniWindow` to `false`, then restart zoom.
### Screen share
#### Wayland
To share your screen on Wayland, [install](../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") the required packages for [WebRTC screen sharing](../en/PipeWire.html#WebRTC_screen_sharing "PipeWire"), edit `~/.config/zoomus.conf` and make sure the value `enableWaylandShare` is set to `true`, if not, then restart zoom. As of November 2022, it may be necessary to additionally set the `XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=gnome` [environment variable](../en/Environment_variables.html "Environment variable") before launching Zoom to allow Wayland screen sharing even on non-Gnome desktop environments, because Zoom still seems to perform a legacy check for this variable before offering Wayland native screen sharing.
There are reports that even with all the dependencies in place Zoom will still not use pipewire for screen capture. In this situation [manually configuring Zoom to use Pipewire has been reported to work](https://community.zoom.com/t5/Meetings/Screen-Sharing-Broken-with-5-14-10-on-Linux-KDE-Plasma-Wayland/m-p/126522/highlight/true#M72056). This can be done as follows:
1. Start the desktop client and go to Settings->Share Screen
2. Click Advanced
3. Change the Screen capture mode to Pipewire (as opposed to Automatic)
#### Xorg
To enable screen share on Xorg, you must change the session type to `X11` (i.e. set the `XDG_SESSION_TYPE=X11` [environment variable](../en/Environment_variables.html "Environment variable")). Depending on how you start your graphical session, this value might not be set by default.
|
Zoom Meetings
|
Joining meetings in the browser
|
## Joining meetings in the browser
If you want to avoid the Zoom binary entirely, a reasonable alternative is the [Zoom web client](https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/214629443-Getting-started-with-the-Zoom-web-client). While the web client [is not fully on par with all the features offered by the client binary](https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/360027397692), it offers a smooth and stable experience, and does raise fewer security concerns than installing a proprietary binary.
If the original meeting URL is `https://<subdomain>.zoom.us/j/meeting_id?pwd=password`, the web client can be accessed via the URL `https://<subdomain>.zoom.us/wc/join/meeting_id?pwd=password`.
### "Redirector" browser extension
In [Firefox](../en/Firefox.html "Firefox"), [Chromium](../en/Chromium.html "Chromium"), and [Opera](../en/List_of_applications/Internet.html#Proprietary_chromium_spin-offs "Opera"), it is possible to use the [Redirector extension](https://einaregilsson.com/redirector/) to rewrite the URL automatically. Create a rule as follows:
* Description: Zoom web client
* Example URL: `https://sub.zoom.us/j/123456?pwd=pass`
* Include pattern: `*//*.zoom.us/j/*`
* Redirect to: `$1//$2.zoom.us/wc/join/$3`
* Pattern type: Wildcard
[Category](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Voice over IP](../en/Category:Voice_over_IP.html "Category:Voice over IP")
Hidden category:
* [Pages or sections flagged with Template:Expansion](../en/Category:Pages_or_sections_flagged_with_Template:Expansion.html "Category:Pages or sections flagged with Template:Expansion")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Zoom_Meetings&oldid=806020>"
- This page was last edited on 14 April 2024, at 16:55.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
- 
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zram
|
Intro
|
# zram
\[ ] 3 languages
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/zram "zram – 日本語")
* [Русский](../ru/Zram.html "Zram – русский")
* [中文（简体）](https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Zram "Zram – 中文（简体）")
From ArchWiki
Related articles
* [Swap](../en/Swap.html "Swap")
* [zswap](../en/Zswap.html "Zswap")
[zram](https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.html), formerly called compcache, is a Linux kernel module for creating a compressed block device in RAM, i.e. a RAM disk with on-the-fly disk compression. The block device created with zram can then be used for swap or as a general-purpose RAM disk. The two most common uses for zram are for the storage of temporary files (`/tmp`) and as a swap device. Initially, zram had only the former function, hence the original name "compcache" ("compressed cache").
|
zram
|
Usage as swap
|
## Usage as swap
**This article or section needs expansion.**
**Reason:** Add a easily-understandable suggested size for the zram device. (Discuss in [Talk:Installation guide#Mention zram](../en/Talk:Installation_guide.html#Mention_zram "Talk:Installation guide"))
Initially the created zram block device does not reserve or use any RAM. Only as files need or want to be swapped out, they will be compressed and moved into the zram block device. The zram block device will then dynamically grow or shrink as required.
For example, consider an example system with 32 GiB RAM where zram is configured with 64 GiB capacity. Assuming that zstd employs a 1:4 compression ratio, the actual compressed zram block size on physical RAM when fully occupied will be around 16 GiB. Therefore:
* RAM and zram completely occupied: 16 GiB RAM + 64 GiB zram (\~16 GiB in RAM)
* Normal usage without swapping: 32 GiB RAM + 0 GiB zram
* Normal usage with light swapping: 30 GiB RAM + 8 GiB zram (\~2 GiB in RAM)
* Without any zram configuration: 32 GiB RAM
Therefore, zram always offers the advantage of being able to store more content in RAM.
**Note:**
* As discussed above, when configuring zram, the size of the zram device controls the maximum uncompressed amount of data it can store, *not* the maximum compressed size. You can configure the zram's size to be equal to or even greater than your system's physical RAM capacity, as long as the compressed size on physical RAM will not exceed your system's physical RAM capacity.
* If the related [zswap](../en/Zswap.html "Zswap") kernel feature remains enabled, it will prevent zram from being used effectively. This is because zswap functions as a swap cache in front of zram, intercepting and compressing evicted memory pages before they can reach zram. Despite the output of [zramctl(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zramctl.8), most of zswap is unused in this circumstance. Therefore, it's recommended to permanently [disable zswap](../en/Zswap.html#Toggling_zswap "Zswap") using the kernel parameter or sysfs setting before starting.
* Hibernating to swap on zram is not supported, even when zram is configured with a backing device on permanent storage. *logind* will protect against trying to hibernate to a swap space on zram.
### Manually
To set up one zstd compressed zram device with 32GiB capacity and a higher-than-normal priority (only for the current session):
```
# modprobe zram
# zramctl /dev/zram0 --algorithm zstd --size 32G
# mkswap -U clear /dev/zram0
# swapon --priority 100 /dev/zram0
```
To disable it again, either reboot or run:
```
# swapoff /dev/zram0
# modprobe -r zram
# echo 1 > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled
```
A detailed explanation of all steps, options and potential problems is provided in the [official documentation of the zram module](https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.html).
For a permanent solution, use a method from one of the following sections.
### Using a udev rule
The example below describes how to set up swap on zram automatically at boot with a single udev rule. No extra package should be needed to make this work.
Explicitly [load the module at boot](../en/Kernel_module.html#Automatic_module_loading "Load the module at boot"):
```
/etc/modules-load.d/zram.conf
```
```
zram
```
Create the following [udev rule](../en/Udev.html#About_udev_rules "Udev rule") adjusting the `disksize` attribute as necessary:
```
/etc/udev/rules.d/99-zram.rules
```
```
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="zram0", ATTR{comp_algorithm}="zstd", ATTR{disksize}="4G", RUN="/usr/bin/mkswap -U clear /dev/%k", TAG+="systemd"
```
Add `/dev/zram` to your [fstab](../en/Fstab.html "Fstab") with a higher than default priority:
```
/etc/fstab
```
```
/dev/zram0 none swap defaults,pri=100 0 0
```
**Note:** The swap space on zram cannot be referred to by its LABEL or UUID in fstab since [udev](../en/Udev.html "Udev") does not create `/dev/disk/by-label/*` and `/dev/disk/by-uuid/*` symlinks for zram devices.
### Using zram-generator
[zram-generator](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=zram-generator) provides a `[email protected]` unit to automatically initialize zram devices without users needing to [enable/start](../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Enable/start") the template or its instances. See [zram-generator(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zram-generator.8) and [zram-generator.conf(5)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zram-generator.conf.5).
To create a zram swap device using `zstd` and half of the entire available ram, [install](../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") [zram-generator](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=zram-generator), then create `/etc/systemd/zram-generator.conf` with the following:
```
/etc/systemd/zram-generator.conf
```
```
[zram0]
zram-size = ram / 2
compression-algorithm = zstd
```
Run [daemon-reload](../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Daemon-reload"), then [start](../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Start") your configured `[email protected]` instance(s).
You can [check the swap status](../en/Swap.html#Swap_space "Swap") of your configured `/dev/zramN` devices by reading the [unit status](../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Unit status") of your `[email protected]` instance(s), or by using [zramctl(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zramctl.8).
### Using zramswap
[zramswap](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/zramswap/)AUR provides an automated script for setting up a swap with a higher priority and a default size of 20% of the RAM size of your system. To do this automatically on every boot, [enable](../en/Help:Reading.html#Control_of_systemd_units "Enable") `zramswap.service`.
### Using zramd
[zramd](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/zramd/)AUR allows to setup zram automatically using zstd compression by default, its configuration can be changed at `/etc/default/zramd`. It can be started at boot by enabling the `zramd.service` unit.
|
zram
|
Tips and tricks
|
## Tips and tricks
### Checking zram statistics
Use [zramctl(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zramctl.8). Example:
```
$ zramctl
```
```
NAME ALGORITHM DISKSIZE DATA COMPR TOTAL STREAMS MOUNTPOINT
/dev/zram0 zstd 32G 1.9G 318.6M 424.9M 16 [SWAP]
```
* DISKSIZE = 32G: this zram device will store up to 32 GiB of uncompressed data.
* DATA = 1.9G: currently, 1.9 GiB (uncompressed) of data is being stored in this zram device
* COMPR = 318.6M: the 1.9 GiB uncompressed data was compressed to 318.6 MiB
* TOTAL = 424.9M: including metadata, the 1.9 GiB of uncompressed data is using up 424.9 MiB of physical RAM
### Multiple zram devices
By default, loading the `zram` module creates a single `/dev/zram0` device.
If you need more than one `/dev/zram` device, specify the amount using the `num_devices` [kernel module parameter](../en/Kernel_module.html#Setting_module_options "Kernel module parameter") or [add them as needed afterwards](https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.html#add-remove-zram-devices).
### Optimizing swap on zram
Since zram behaves differently than disk swap, we can configure the system's swap to take full potential of the zram advantages:
```
/etc/sysctl.d/99-vm-zram-parameters.conf
```
```
vm.swappiness = 180
vm.watermark_boost_factor = 0
vm.watermark_scale_factor = 125
vm.page-cluster = 0
```
Explanation of the configuration:
These values are [what Pop!\_OS uses](https://github.com/pop-os/default-settings/pull/163). That Pop!\_OS GitHub pull request also links to [some testing done by users on r/Fedora](https://old.reddit.com/r/Fedora/comments/mzun99/new_zram_tuning_benchmarks/), which determined that `vm.page-cluster = 0` is ideal. They also found a high swappiness value to be ideal, which matches what is suggested by [the kernel docs](https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.html):
"The default value is 60. For in-memory swap, like zram or zswap, as well as hybrid setups that have swap on faster devices than the filesystem, values beyond 100 can be considered. For example, if the random IO against the swap device is on average 2x faster than IO from the filesystem, swappiness should be 133 (x + 2x = 200, 2x = 133.33)."
On a system with a hard drive, random IO against the zswap device would be orders of magnitude faster than IO against the filesystem, so swappiness should be \~200. Even on a system with a fast SSD, a high swappiness value may be ideal.
### Enabling a backing device for a zram block
zram can be configured to push incompressible pages to a specified block device when under memory pressure.
To add a backing device manually:
```
# echo /dev/sdX > /sys/block/zram0/backing_dev
```
To add a backing device to your zram block device using *zram-generator*, update `/etc/systemd/zram-generator.conf` with the following under your `[zramX]` device you want the backing device added to:
```
/etc/systemd/zram-generator.conf
```
```
writeback-device=/dev/disk/by-partuuid/XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX
```
### Using zram for non-swap purposes
zram can also be used as a generic RAM-backed block device, e.g. a `/dev/ram` with less physical memory usage, but slightly lower performance. However there are some caveats:
* There is no partition table support (no automatic creation of `/dev/zramxpy`).
* The block size is fixed to 4 kiB.
The obvious way around this is to stack a loop device on-top the zram, using *losetup*, specifying the desired block size using the `-b` option and the `-P` option to process partition tables and automatic creation of the partition loop devices.
```
# zramctl -f -s NG
```
```
/dev/zramx
```
Copy the disk image to the new `/dev/zram`:
**The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.**
**Reason:** Why is the following block size set to 512? (Discuss in [Talk:Zram](../en/Talk:Zram.html))
```
# losetup -f -b 512 -P /dev/zramx
```
```
# ls /dev/loop*
```
```
/dev/loop0 /dev/loop0p1 /dev/loop0p2
```
```
# mount /dev/loop0p1 /mnt/boot
# mount /dev/loop0p2 /mnt/root
```
**Note:**
* The zram device numbering depends on pre-existing zram devices and its size should be enough to hold the disk image.
* The output from `ls /dev/loop*` depends on the contents of the disk image.
|
zram
|
See also
|
## See also
* [Wikipedia:zram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zram "wikipedia:zram")
* <https://github.com/pop-os/default-settings/pull/163>
* <https://www.reddit.com/r/pop_os/comments/znh9n6/help_test_a_zram_optimization_for_pop_os/>
[Category](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Kernel](../en/Category:Kernel.html "Category:Kernel")
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|
Zsh
|
Intro
|
# Zsh
\[ ] 6 languages
* [Deutsch](https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/Zsh "Zsh – Deutsch")
* [Español](../es/Zsh.html "Zsh – español")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Zsh "Zsh – 日本語")
* [Português](../pt/Zsh.html "Zsh – português")
* [Русский](../ru/Zsh.html "Zsh – русский")
* [中文（简体）](https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Zsh "Zsh – 中文（简体）")
From ArchWiki
[Zsh](https://www.zsh.org/) is a powerful [shell](../en/Command-line_shell.html "Shell") that operates as both an interactive shell and as a scripting language interpreter. While being compatible with the POSIX sh (not by default, only if issuing `emulate sh`), it offers advantages such as improved [tab completion](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Guide/zshguide06.html) and [globbing](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Expansion.html).
The [Zsh FAQ](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/FAQ/zshfaq01.html#l4) offers more reasons to use Zsh.
|
Zsh
|
Installation
|
## Installation
Before starting, users may want to see what shell is currently being used:
```
$ echo $SHELL
```
[Install](../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") the [zsh](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=zsh) package. For additional completion definitions, install the [zsh-completions](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=zsh-completions) package as well.
### Initial configuration
Make sure that Zsh has been installed correctly by running the following in a terminal:
```
$ zsh
```
You should now see *zsh-newuser-install*, which will walk you through some basic configuration. If you want to skip this, press `q`. If you did not see it, you can invoke it manually with:
```
$ autoload -Uz zsh-newuser-install
$ zsh-newuser-install -f
```
**Note:** Make sure your terminal's size is at least 72×15 otherwise *zsh-newuser-install* will not run.
### Making Zsh your default shell
Change your shell to `/usr/bin/zsh`. See [Command-line shell#Changing your default shell](../en/Command-line_shell.html#Changing_your_default_shell "Command-line shell").
**Tip:** If replacing [bash](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=bash), users may want to move some code from `~/.bashrc` to `~/.zshrc` (e.g. the prompt and the [aliases](../en/Bash.html#Aliases "Bash")) and from `~/.bash_profile` to `~/.zprofile` (e.g. [the code that starts the X Window System](../en/Xinit.html#Autostart_X_at_login "Xinit")).
|
Zsh
|
Startup/Shutdown files
|
## Startup/Shutdown files
**Tip:** See [A User's Guide to the Z-Shell](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Guide/zshguide02.html) for explanation on interactive and login shells, and what to put in your startup files.
**Note:**
* If `$ZDOTDIR` is not set, `$HOME` is used instead.
* If option `RCS` is unset in any of the files, no configuration files will be read after that file.
* If option `GLOBAL_RCS` is unset in any of the files, no global configuration files (`/etc/zsh/*`) will be read after that file.
When starting, Zsh will read commands from the following files in this order by default, provided they exist.
* `/etc/zsh/zshenv` Used for setting [environment variables](../en/Environment_variables.html "Environment variables") for all users; it should not contain commands that produce output or assume the shell is attached to a TTY. When this file exists it will ***always*** be read, this cannot be overridden.
* `$ZDOTDIR/.zshenv` Used for setting user's environment variables; it should not contain commands that produce output or assume the shell is attached to a TTY. When this file exists it will ***always*** be read.
* `/etc/zsh/zprofile` Used for executing commands at start for all users, will be read when starting as a ***login shell***. Please note that on Arch Linux, by default it contains [one line](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/zsh/-/blob/main/zprofile) which sources `/etc/profile`. See warning below before wanting to remove that!
* `/etc/profile` This file should be sourced by all POSIX sh-compatible shells upon login: it sets up `$PATH` and other environment variables and application-specific (`/etc/profile.d/*.sh`) settings upon login.
* `$ZDOTDIR/.zprofile` Used for executing user's commands at start, will be read when starting as a ***login shell***. Typically used to autostart graphical sessions and to set session-wide environment variables.
* `/etc/zsh/zshrc` Used for setting interactive shell configuration and executing commands for all users, will be read when starting as an ***interactive shell***.
* `$ZDOTDIR/.zshrc` Used for setting user's interactive shell configuration and executing commands, will be read when starting as an ***interactive shell***.
* `/etc/zsh/zlogin` Used for executing commands for all users at ending of initial progress, will be read when starting as a ***login shell***.
* `$ZDOTDIR/.zlogin` Used for executing user's commands at ending of initial progress, will be read when starting as a ***login shell***. Typically used to autostart command line utilities. Should not be used to autostart graphical sessions, as at this point the session might contain configuration meant only for an interactive shell.
* `$ZDOTDIR/.zlogout` Used for executing commands when a ***login shell*** **exits**.
* `/etc/zsh/zlogout` Used for executing commands for all users when a ***login shell*** **exits**.
See [the graphic representation](https://blog.flowblok.id.au/2013-02/shell-startup-scripts.html#implementation).
**Note:** `$HOME/.profile` is not a part of the Zsh startup files and **is not sourced** by Zsh unless Zsh is invoked as `sh` or `ksh` and started as a login shell. For more details about the sh and [ksh](../en/Command-line_shell.html "Ksh") compatibility modes refer to [zsh(1) § COMPATIBILITY](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zsh.1#COMPATIBILITY).
**Warning:** Do not remove the default [one line](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/zsh/-/blob/main/zprofile) in `/etc/zsh/zprofile`, otherwise it will break the integrity of other packages which provide some scripts in `/etc/profile.d/`.
|
Zsh
|
Configure Zsh
|
## Configure Zsh
Although Zsh is usable out of the box, it is almost certainly not set up the way most users would like to use it. But due to the sheer amount of customization available in Zsh, configuring Zsh can be a daunting and time-consuming experience. For automatic configuration, see [#Third-party extensions](#Third-party_extensions).
### Simple .zshrc
Included below is a sample configuration file. It provides a decent set of default options as well as giving examples of many ways that Zsh can be customized. In order to use this configuration save it as a file named `.zshrc`.
**Tip:** Apply the changes without needing to logout and then back in by running `source ~/.zshrc`.
Here is a simple `.zshrc`:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
autoload -Uz compinit promptinit
compinit
promptinit
# This will set the default prompt to the walters theme
prompt walters
```
See [#Prompt themes](#Prompt_themes) for more details about the prompt theme system.
### Configuring $PATH
Zsh ties the `PATH` variable to a `path` array. This allows you to manipulate `PATH` by simply modifying the `path` array. See [A User's Guide to the Z-Shell](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Guide/zshguide02.html#l24) for details.
To add `~/.local/bin/` to the `PATH`:
```
~/.zshenv
```
```
typeset -U path PATH
path=(~/.local/bin $path)
export PATH
```
### Command completion
Perhaps the most compelling feature of Zsh is its advanced autocompletion abilities. At the very least, enable autocompletion in `.zshrc`. To enable autocompletion, add the following to your `~/.zshrc`:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
autoload -Uz compinit
compinit
```
The above configuration includes ssh/scp/sftp hostnames completion but in order for this feature to work, users must not enable ssh's hostname hashing (i.e. option `HashKnownHosts` in ssh client configuration).
For autocompletion with an arrow-key driven interface, add the following to:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
zstyle ':completion:*' menu select
```
To activate the menu, press `Tab` twice.
For enabling autocompletion of privileged environments in privileged commands (e.g. if you complete a command starting with [sudo](../en/Sudo.html "Sudo"), completion scripts will also try to determine your completions with sudo), include:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
zstyle ':completion::complete:*' gain-privileges 1
```
**Warning:** This will let Zsh completion scripts run commands with sudo privileges. You should not enable this if you use untrusted autocompletion scripts.
**Note:** This special kind of context-aware completion is only available for a small number of commands.
### Key bindings
Zsh does not use [readline](../en/Readline.html "Readline"), instead it uses its own and more powerful Zsh Line Editor (ZLE). It does not read `/etc/inputrc` or `~/.inputrc`. Read [A closer look at the zsh line editor and creating custom widgets](https://sgeb.io/posts/2014/04/zsh-zle-custom-widgets/) for an introduction to ZLE configuration.
ZLE has an [Emacs](../en/Emacs.html "Emacs") mode and a [vi](../en/Vi.html "Vi") mode. If one of the `VISUAL` or `EDITOR` [environment variables](../en/Environment_variables.html "Environment variables") contain the string `vi` then vi mode will be used; otherwise, it will default to Emacs mode. Set the mode explicitly with `bindkey -e` or `bindkey -v` respectively for Emacs mode or vi mode. The delay of pressing Esc key in vi mode is 0.4s by default, and you can make it shorter (0.05s) with `export KEYTIMEOUT=5`.
Key bindings are assigned by mapping an escape sequence matching a keypress to a ZLE widget. The available widgets, with descriptions of their actions and their default keybindings, are listed in [zshzle(1) § STANDARD WIDGETS](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshzle.1#STANDARD_WIDGETS) and [zshcontrib(1) § ZLE FUNCTIONS](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshcontrib.1#ZLE_FUNCTIONS).
The recommended way to set key bindings in Zsh is by using string capabilities from [terminfo(5)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/terminfo.5). For example[\[1\]](https://web.archive.org/web/20180704181216/http://zshwiki.org/home/zle/bindkeys)[\[2\]](https://www.zsh.org/mla/users/2010/msg00065.html):
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
# create a zkbd compatible hash;
# to add other keys to this hash, see: man 5 terminfo
typeset -g -A key
key[Home]="${terminfo[khome]}"
key[End]="${terminfo[kend]}"
key[Insert]="${terminfo[kich1]}"
key[Backspace]="${terminfo[kbs]}"
key[Delete]="${terminfo[kdch1]}"
key[Up]="${terminfo[kcuu1]}"
key[Down]="${terminfo[kcud1]}"
key[Left]="${terminfo[kcub1]}"
key[Right]="${terminfo[kcuf1]}"
key[PageUp]="${terminfo[kpp]}"
key[PageDown]="${terminfo[knp]}"
key[Shift-Tab]="${terminfo[kcbt]}"
# setup key accordingly
[[ -n "${key[Home]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Home]}" beginning-of-line
[[ -n "${key[End]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[End]}" end-of-line
[[ -n "${key[Insert]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Insert]}" overwrite-mode
[[ -n "${key[Backspace]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Backspace]}" backward-delete-char
[[ -n "${key[Delete]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Delete]}" delete-char
[[ -n "${key[Up]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Up]}" up-line-or-history
[[ -n "${key[Down]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Down]}" down-line-or-history
[[ -n "${key[Left]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Left]}" backward-char
[[ -n "${key[Right]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Right]}" forward-char
[[ -n "${key[PageUp]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[PageUp]}" beginning-of-buffer-or-history
[[ -n "${key[PageDown]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[PageDown]}" end-of-buffer-or-history
[[ -n "${key[Shift-Tab]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Shift-Tab]}" reverse-menu-complete
# Finally, make sure the terminal is in application mode, when zle is
# active. Only then are the values from $terminfo valid.
if (( ${+terminfo[smkx]} && ${+terminfo[rmkx]} )); then
autoload -Uz add-zle-hook-widget
function zle_application_mode_start { echoti smkx }
function zle_application_mode_stop { echoti rmkx }
add-zle-hook-widget -Uz zle-line-init zle_application_mode_start
add-zle-hook-widget -Uz zle-line-finish zle_application_mode_stop
fi
```
#### History search
You need to set up the `key` array and make sure that ZLE enters application mode to use the following instructions; see [#Key bindings](#Key_bindings).
To enable history search add these lines to `.zshrc` file:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
autoload -Uz up-line-or-beginning-search down-line-or-beginning-search
zle -N up-line-or-beginning-search
zle -N down-line-or-beginning-search
[[ -n "${key[Up]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Up]}" up-line-or-beginning-search
[[ -n "${key[Down]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Down]}" down-line-or-beginning-search
```
By doing this, only the past commands matching the current line up to the current cursor position will be shown when `Up` or `Down` keys are pressed.
#### Shift, Alt, Ctrl and Meta modifiers
xterm-compatible terminals can use extended key-definitions from [user\_caps(5)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/user_caps.5). Those are combinations of `Shift`, `Alt`, `Ctrl` and `Meta` together with `Up`, `Down`, `Left`, `Right`, `PageUp`, `PageDown`, `Home`, `End` or `Del`. Refer to the [zkbd source](https://sourceforge.net/p/zsh/code/ci/master/tree/Functions/Misc/zkbd) for a list of recommended names for the modifier keys and key combinations.
For example, for `Ctrl+Left` to move to the beginning of the previous word and `Ctrl+Right` to move to the beginning of the next word:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
key[Control-Left]="${terminfo[kLFT5]}"
key[Control-Right]="${terminfo[kRIT5]}"
[[ -n "${key[Control-Left]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Control-Left]}" backward-word
[[ -n "${key[Control-Right]}" ]] && bindkey -- "${key[Control-Right]}" forward-word
```
### Prompts
Zsh offers the options of using a prompt theme or, for users who are dissatisfied with the themes (or want to expand their usefulness), the possibility to build a custom prompt.
#### Prompt themes
Prompt themes are a quick and easy way to set up a colored prompt in Zsh. See [zshcontrib(1) § PROMPT THEMES](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshcontrib.1#PROMPT_THEMES) for information about prompt themes and how to write your own theme.
To use a theme, make sure that prompt theme system is set to autoload in `.zshrc`. This can be done by adding these lines to:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
autoload -Uz promptinit
promptinit
```
Available prompt themes are listed by running the command:
```
$ prompt -l
```
For example, to use the `walters` theme, enter:
```
$ prompt walters
```
To preview all available themes, use this command:
```
$ prompt -p
```
##### Manually installing prompt themes
It is possible to install themes manually, without external configuration manager tools. For a local installation, first create a folder and add it to the `fpath` array, eg:
```
$ mkdir ~/.zprompts
$ fpath=("$HOME/.zprompts" "$fpath[@]")
```
Now create a symbolic link of your theme file in this folder:
```
$ ln -s mytheme.zsh ~/.zprompts/prompt_mytheme_setup
```
If instead you wish to install a theme globally, do:
```
# ln -s mytheme.zsh /usr/share/zsh/functions/Prompts/prompt_mytheme_setup
```
Now you should be able to activate it using:
```
$ prompt mytheme
```
If everything works, you can edit your `.zshrc` accordingly.
##### Adding prompt themes without a separate file for each one
In addition to adding a prompt theme through its own file, it is possible to add themes from within another file (like your `.zshrc`), eg:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
# Load promptinit
autoload -Uz promptinit && promptinit
# Define the theme
prompt_mytheme_setup() {
PS1="%~%# "
}
# Add the theme to promptsys
prompt_themes+=( mytheme )
# Load the theme
prompt mytheme
```
#### Customized prompt
Additionally to a primary left-sided prompt `PS1` (`PROMPT`, `prompt`) that is common to all shells, Zsh also supports a right-sided prompt `RPS1` (`RPROMPT`). These two variables are the ones you will want to set to a custom value.
Other special purpose prompts, such as `PS2` (`PROMPT2`), `PS3` (`PROMPT3`), `PS4` (`PROMPT4`), `RPS1` (`RPROMPT`), `RPS2` (`RPROMPT2`) and `SPROMPT`, are explained in [zshparam(1) § PARAMETERS USED BY THE SHELL](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshparam.1#PARAMETERS_USED_BY_THE_SHELL).
All prompts can be customized with prompt escapes. The available prompt escapes are listed in [zshmisc(1) § EXPANSION OF PROMPT SEQUENCES](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshmisc.1#EXPANSION_OF_PROMPT_SEQUENCES).
##### Colors
Zsh sets colors differently than [Bash](../en/Bash/Prompt_customization.html "Bash/Prompt customization"); You do not need to use profuse ANSI escape sequences or terminal capabilities from [terminfo(5)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/terminfo.5). Zsh provides convenient prompt escapes to set the foreground color, background color and other visual effects; see [zshmisc(1) § Visual effects](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshmisc.1#Visual_effects) for a list of them and their descriptions.
[Colors](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/FAQ/zshfaq03.html#l42) can be specified using a decimal integer, the name of one of the eight most widely-supported colors or as a # followed by an RGB triplet in hexadecimal format. See the description of fg=colour in [zshzle(1) § CHARACTER HIGHLIGHTING](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshzle.1#CHARACTER_HIGHLIGHTING) for more details.
Most terminals support the following colors by name:
| Name | Number |
| --------- | ------ |
| `black` | `0` |
| `red` | `1` |
| `green` | `2` |
| `yellow` | `3` |
| `blue` | `4` |
| `magenta` | `5` |
| `cyan` | `6` |
| `white` | `7` |
Color numbers 0–255 for terminal emulators compatible with xterm 256 colors can be found in the [xterm-256color chart](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Xterm_256color_chart.svg).
With a correctly set TERM environment variable, the terminal's supported maximum number of colors can be found from the [terminfo(5)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/terminfo.5) database using `echoti colors`. In the case of [24-bit colors](https://github.com/termstandard/colors/blob/master/README.md), also check the COLORTERM environment variable with `print $COLORTERM`. If it returns `24bit` or `truecolor` then your terminal supports 16777216 (224) colors even if terminfo shows a smaller number.
**Note:**
* The colors 0–15 may differ between terminal emulators and their used color schemes.
* Many terminal emulators display bold with a brighter color.
**Tip:**
* Prompt escapes can be tested with command `print -P "prompt escapes"`, for example:
```
$ print -P '%B%F{red}co%F{green}lo%F{blue}rs%f%b'
```
* If you use 24-bit colors, you might want to load the `zsh/nearcolor` module in terminals that do not support them. E.g.:
```
[[ "$COLORTERM" == (24bit|truecolor) || "${terminfo[colors]}" -eq '16777216' ]] || zmodload zsh/nearcolor
```
See [zshmodules(1) § THE ZSH/NEARCOLOR MODULE](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshmodules.1#THE_ZSH/NEARCOLOR_MODULE) for details about the `zsh/nearcolor` module.
##### Example
An example of a simple colorless prompt:
```
PROMPT='%n@%m %~ %# '
```
How it will be displayed:
username\@host \~ %
This is an example of a two-sided prompt with color:
```
PROMPT='%F{green}%n%f@%F{magenta}%m%f %F{blue}%B%~%b%f %# '
RPROMPT='[%F{yellow}%?%f]'
```
And here is how it will be displayed:
username\@host \~ % \[0]
To use colors from the 16-255 range and 24-bit true color, you can use the number from 0 to 255 assigned to the wanted color and its hexadecimal color code, respectively:
```
PROMPT='%F{2}%n%f@%F{5}%m%f %F{4}%B%~%b%f %# '
RPROMPT='[%F{3}%?%f]'
```
```
PROMPT='%F{#c0c0c0}%n%f@%F{#008000}%m%f %F{#800080}%B%~%b%f %# '
RPROMPT='[%F{#0000ff}%?%f]'
```
### Sample .zshrc files
* To get the same setup as the [monthly ISO releases](https://archlinux.org/download/) (which use Zsh by default), install [grml-zsh-config](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=grml-zsh-config). It includes the many tweaks and advanced optimizations from [grml](https://grml.org/zsh/).
* <https://github.com/MrElendig/dotfiles-alice/blob/master/.zshrc> - basic setup, with dynamic prompt and window title/hardinfo.
* <https://github.com/slashbeast/conf-mgmt/blob/master/roles/home_files/files/DOTzshrc> - zshrc with multiple features, be sure to check out comments into it. Notable features: confirm function to ensure that user want to run poweroff, reboot or hibernate, support for GIT in prompt (done without vcsinfo), tab completion with menu, printing current executed command into window's title bar and more.
See [dotfiles#User repositories](../en/Dotfiles.html#User_repositories "Dotfiles") for more.
|
Zsh
|
Tips and tricks
|
## Tips and tricks
### Autostart X at login
See [xinit#Autostart X at login](../en/Xinit.html#Autostart_X_at_login "Xinit").
### Restore terminal settings after a program exits abnormally
Many programs change the terminal state, and often do not restore terminal settings on exiting abnormally (e.g. when crashing or encountering SIGINT).
This can typically be solved by executing [reset(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/reset.1):
```
$ reset
```
The following sections describe ways to avoid the need to manually reset the terminal.
#### The ttyctl command
The [ttyctl](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#index-tty_002c-freezing) command can be used to "freeze/unfreeze" the terminal. To freeze the interactive shell on launch, use the following:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
ttyctl -f
```
#### Resetting the terminal with escape sequences
[Alternate linedrawing character set](https://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/alternate_charset/) can screw up the terminal in a way which ttyctl cannot prevent.
A simple solution is to output the escape sequences that reset the terminal from the `precmd` hook function, so that they are executed every time before the prompt is drawn. For example, using [the escape sequence](https://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/alternate_charset/#solution) `\e[0m\e(B\e)0\017\e[?5l\e7\e[0;0r\e8`:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
autoload -Uz add-zsh-hook
function reset_broken_terminal () {
printf '%b' '\e[0m\e(B\e)0\017\e[?5l\e7\e[0;0r\e8'
}
add-zsh-hook -Uz precmd reset_broken_terminal
```
To test if it works, run:
```
$ print '\e(0\e)B'
```
### Remembering recent directories
#### Dirstack
Zsh can be configured to remember the DIRSTACKSIZE last visited folders. This can then be used to *cd* them very quickly. You need to add some lines to your configuration file:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
autoload -Uz add-zsh-hook
DIRSTACKFILE="${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/zsh/dirs"
if [[ -f "$DIRSTACKFILE" ]] && (( ${#dirstack} == 0 )); then
dirstack=("${(@f)"$(< "$DIRSTACKFILE")"}")
[[ -d "${dirstack[1]}" ]] && cd -- "${dirstack[1]}"
fi
chpwd_dirstack() {
print -l -- "$PWD" "${(u)dirstack[@]}" > "$DIRSTACKFILE"
}
add-zsh-hook -Uz chpwd chpwd_dirstack
DIRSTACKSIZE='20'
setopt AUTO_PUSHD PUSHD_SILENT PUSHD_TO_HOME
## Remove duplicate entries
setopt PUSHD_IGNORE_DUPS
## This reverts the +/- operators.
setopt PUSHD_MINUS
```
Now use
```
$ dirs -v
```
to print the dirstack. Use `cd -<NUM>` to go back to a visited folder. Use autocompletion after the dash. This proves very handy if using the autocompletion menu.
**Note:** This will not work if you have more than one *zsh* session open, and attempt to `cd`, due to a conflict in both sessions writing to the same file.
#### cdr
cdr allows you to change the working directory to a previous working directory from a list maintained automatically. It stores all entries in files that are maintained across sessions and (by default) between terminal emulators in the current session.
See [zshcontrib(1) § REMEMBERING RECENT DIRECTORIES](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshcontrib.1#REMEMBERING_RECENT_DIRECTORIES) for setup instructions.
#### zoxide
[zoxide](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=zoxide) is a smarter *cd* command that lets you navigate anywhere in just a few keystrokes. It remembers your frequently used directories and uses a scoring mechanism to guess where you want to go.
### Help command
Unlike [Bash](../en/Bash.html "Bash"), Zsh does not enable a built in `help` command, instead it provides `run-help`. By default `run-help` is an alias to `man`, it can be either executed manually by prepending it to a command or it can be invoked for the currently typed command with the keyboard shortcuts `Alt+h` or `Esc` `h`.
Since by default it is just an alias to [man](../en/Man_page.html "Man"), it will only work on external commands. To improve its functionality, so that it works on shell builtins and other shell features, you need to use the `run-help` function. See [zshcontrib(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshcontrib.1) for more information on the `run-help` and its assistant functions.
First load the `run-help` function and then remove the existing `run-help` alias. For convenience `help` can be aliased to `run-help`. For example, add following to your `zshrc`:
```
autoload -Uz run-help
(( ${+aliases[run-help]} )) && unalias run-help
alias help=run-help
```
Assistant functions have to be enabled separately:
```
autoload -Uz run-help-git run-help-ip run-help-openssl run-help-p4 run-help-sudo run-help-svk run-help-svn
```
For example, `run-help git commit` command will now open the [man page](../en/Man_page.html "Man page") [git-commit(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/git-commit.1) instead of [git(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/git.1).
### Persistent rehash
Typically, compinit will not automatically find new executables in the `$PATH`. For example, after you install a new package, the files in `/usr/bin/` would not be immediately or automatically included in the completion. Thus, to have these new executables included, one would run:
```
$ rehash
```
This 'rehash' can be set to happen automatically.[\[3\]](https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/issues/3440) Simply include the following in your `zshrc`:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
zstyle ':completion:*' rehash true
```
#### On-demand rehash
As above, however [pacman](../en/Pacman.html "Pacman") can be configured with [hooks](../en/Pacman.html#Hooks "Hooks") to automatically request a `rehash`, which does not incur the performance penalty of constant rehashing as above. To enable this, create the `/etc/pacman.d/hooks` directory, and a `/var/cache/zsh` directory, then create a hook file:
```
/etc/pacman.d/hooks/zsh.hook
```
```
[Trigger]
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Operation = Remove
Type = Path
Target = usr/bin/*
[Action]
Depends = zsh
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /usr/bin/install -Dm644 /dev/null /var/cache/zsh/pacman
```
This keeps the modification date of the file `/var/cache/zsh/pacman` consistent with the last time a package was installed, upgraded or removed. Then, `zsh` must be coaxed into rehashing its own command cache when it goes out of date, by adding to your `~/.zshrc`:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
zshcache_time="$(date +%s%N)"
autoload -Uz add-zsh-hook
rehash_precmd() {
if [[ -a /var/cache/zsh/pacman ]]; then
local paccache_time="$(date -r /var/cache/zsh/pacman +%s%N)"
if (( zshcache_time < paccache_time )); then
rehash
zshcache_time="$paccache_time"
fi
fi
}
add-zsh-hook -Uz precmd rehash_precmd
```
If the `precmd` hook is triggered before `/var/cache/zsh/pacman` is updated, completion may not work until a new prompt is initiated. Running an empty command, e.g. pressing `enter`, should be sufficient.
#### Alternative on-demand rehash using SIGUSR1
As above, however the hook file looks like this:
```
/etc/pacman.d/hooks/zsh-rehash.hook
```
```
[Trigger]
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Operation = Remove
Type = Path
Target = usr/bin/*
[Action]
Depends = zsh
Depends = procps-ng
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /usr/bin/pkill zsh --signal=USR1
```
**Warning:** This sends SIGUSR1 to all running `zsh` instances. Note that the default behavior for SIGUSR1 is terminate so when you first configure this all running `zsh` instances of all users (including login shells) will terminate if they have not sourced the trap below.
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
TRAPUSR1() { rehash }
```
The *function trap* above can be replaced with a *list trap* `trap 'rehash' USR1`. See [zshmisc(1) § Trap Functions](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshmisc.1#Trap_Functions) for differences between types of traps.
This method will instantly `rehash` all `zsh` instances, removing the need to press enter to trigger `precmd`.
### Bind key to ncurses application
Bind a ncurses application to a keystroke, but it will not accept interaction. Use `BUFFER` variable to make it work. The following example lets users open [ncmpcpp](../en/Ncmpcpp.html "Ncmpcpp") using `Alt+\`:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
ncmpcppShow() {
BUFFER="ncmpcpp"
zle accept-line
}
zle -N ncmpcppShow
bindkey '^[\' ncmpcppShow
```
An alternate method, that will keep everything you entered in the line before calling application:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
ncmpcppShow() {
ncmpcpp <$TTY
zle redisplay
}
zle -N ncmpcppShow
bindkey '^[\' ncmpcppShow
```
### File manager key binds
Key binds like those used in graphic file managers may come handy. The first comes back in directory history (`Alt+Left`), the second let the user go to the parent directory (`Alt+Up`). They also display the directory content.
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
cdUndoKey() {
popd
zle reset-prompt
print
ls
zle reset-prompt
}
cdParentKey() {
pushd ..
zle reset-prompt
print
ls
zle reset-prompt
}
zle -N cdParentKey
zle -N cdUndoKey
bindkey '^[[1;3A' cdParentKey
bindkey '^[[1;3D' cdUndoKey
```
### xterm title
If your terminal emulator supports it, you can set its title from Zsh. This allows dynamically changing the title to display relevant information about the shell state, for example showing the user name and current directory or the currently executing command.
The xterm title is set with the [xterm control sequence operating system command](https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Xterm-Title-3.html#ss3.1) `\e]2;``\a` or `\e]2;``\e\\`. For example:
```
$ print -n '\e]2;My xterm title\a'
```
will set the title to
```
My xterm title
```
A simple way to have a dynamic title is to set the title in the `precmd` and `preexec` hook functions. See [zshmisc(1) § Hook Functions](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshmisc.1#Hook_Functions) for a list of available hook functions and their descriptions.
By using `print -P` you can additionally take advantage of Zsh's prompt escapes.
**Tip:**
* Title printing can be split up in multiple commands as long as they are sequential.
* [GNU Screen](../en/GNU_Screen.html "GNU Screen") sends the xterm title to the hardstatus (`%h`). If you want to use Screen's [string escapes](https://www.gnu.org/software/screen/manual/html_node/String-Escapes.html) (e.g. for colors) you should set the hardstatus with the `\e_``\e\\` escape sequence. Otherwise, if string escapes are used in `\e]2;``\a`, the terminal emulator will get a garbled title due to it being incapable of interpreting Screen's string escapes.
**Note:**
* Do not use the `-P` option of `print` when printing variables to prevent them from being parsed as prompt escapes.
* Use the `q` [parameter expansion flag](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Expansion.html#Parameter-Expansion-Flags) when printing variables to prevent them from being parsed as escape sequences.
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
autoload -Uz add-zsh-hook
function xterm_title_precmd () {
print -Pn -- '\e]2;%n@%m %~\a'
[[ "$TERM" == 'screen'* ]] && print -Pn -- '\e_\005{g}%n\005{-}@\005{m}%m\005{-} \005{B}%~\005{-}\e\\'
}
function xterm_title_preexec () {
print -Pn -- '\e]2;%n@%m %~ %# ' && print -n -- "${(q)1}\a"
[[ "$TERM" == 'screen'* ]] && { print -Pn -- '\e_\005{g}%n\005{-}@\005{m}%m\005{-} \005{B}%~\005{-} %# ' && print -n -- "${(q)1}\e\\"; }
}
if [[ "$TERM" == (Eterm*|alacritty*|aterm*|foot*|gnome*|konsole*|kterm*|putty*|rxvt*|screen*|wezterm*|tmux*|xterm*) ]]; then
add-zsh-hook -Uz precmd xterm_title_precmd
add-zsh-hook -Uz preexec xterm_title_preexec
fi
```
#### Terminal emulator tab title
Some terminal emulators and multiplexers support setting the title of the tab. The escape sequences depend on the terminal:
| Terminal | Escape sequences | Description |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------- | ----------------------------- |
| [GNU Screen](../en/GNU_Screen.html "GNU Screen") | `\ek``\e\\` | Screen's window title (`%t`). |
| [Konsole](../en/Konsole.html "Konsole") | `\e]30;``\a` | Konsole's tab title. |
### Shell environment detection
See [a repository about shell environment detection](https://gitlab.com/jdorel-documentation/shell-environment-detection) for tests to detect the shell environment. This includes login/interactive shell, Xorg session, TTY and SSH session.
### /dev/tcp equivalent: ztcp
Use the `zsh/net/tcp` module:
```
$ zmodload zsh/net/tcp
```
You can now establish TCP connections:
```
$ ztcp example.com 80
```
More details are available in [zshmodules(1) § THE\_ZSH/NET/TCP\_MODULE](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshmodules.1#THE_ZSH/NET/TCP_MODULE) and [zshtcpsys(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zshtcpsys.1).
### Shortcut to exit shell on partial command line
By default, `Ctrl+d` will not close your shell if the command line is filled, this fixes it:
```
.zshrc
```
```
exit_zsh() { exit }
zle -N exit_zsh
bindkey '^D' exit_zsh
```
### pacman -F "command not found" handler
[pacman](../en/Pacman.html "Pacman") includes functionality to search for packages containing a file. The following command-not-found handler will use pacman directly to search for matching packages when an unknown command is executed.
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
...
function command_not_found_handler {
local purple='\e[1;35m' bright='\e[0;1m' green='\e[1;32m' reset='\e[0m'
printf 'zsh: command not found: %s\n' "$1"
local entries=(
${(f)"$(/usr/bin/pacman -F --machinereadable -- "/usr/bin/$1")"}
)
if (( ${#entries[@]} ))
then
printf "${bright}$1${reset} may be found in the following packages:\n"
local pkg
for entry in "${entries[@]}"
do
# (repo package version file)
local fields=(
${(0)entry}
)
if [[ "$pkg" != "${fields[2]}" ]]
then
printf "${purple}%s/${bright}%s ${green}%s${reset}\n" "${fields[1]}" "${fields[2]}" "${fields[3]}"
fi
printf ' /%s\n' "${fields[4]}"
pkg="${fields[2]}"
done
fi
return 127
}
...
```
**Note:** The files database of pacman is separate from the normal sync database and it needs to be fetched using `pacman -Fy`. See [pacman#Search for a package that contains a specific file](../en/Pacman.html#Search_for_a_package_that_contains_a_specific_file "Pacman") for details.
For an alternative using *pkgfile*, see [#pkgfile "command not found" handler](#pkgfile_"command_not_found"_handler).
### Clear the backbuffer using a key binding
By default, the clear screen keybinding will not clear the backbuffer (the part you need to scroll up for to see it) on most terminal emulators. A possible solution to this problem is the following.
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
...
function clear-screen-and-scrollback() {
printf '\x1Bc'
zle clear-screen
}
zle -N clear-screen-and-scrollback
bindkey '^L' clear-screen-and-scrollback
...
```
|
Zsh
|
Third-party extensions
|
## Third-party extensions
### Configuration frameworks
**Note:** Frameworks introduce a level of abstraction and complexity. They can, and often do, introduce undefined behavior. In case of shell breakage, the *first* debugging step should be to revert to the plain shell.
* **oh-my-posh** — Oh My Posh is a custom prompt engine for any shell that has the ability to adjust the prompt string with a function or variable.
- <https://github.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh> || [oh-my-posh](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/oh-my-posh/)AUR
* **oh-my-zsh** — A popular, community-driven framework for managing your Zsh configuration. It comes bundled with a ton of helpful functions, helpers, plugins, themes.
- <https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh> || [oh-my-zsh-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/oh-my-zsh-git/)AUR
* **Prezto** — A configuration framework for Zsh. It comes with modules, enriching the command line interface environment with sane defaults, aliases, functions, auto completion, and prompt themes.
- <https://github.com/sorin-ionescu/prezto> || [prezto-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/prezto-git/)AUR
* **ZIM** — A configuration framework with blazing speed and modular extensions. Zim is very easy to customize, and comes with a rich set of modules and features without compromising on speed or functionality.
- <https://github.com/zimfw/zimfw> || [zsh-zim-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/zsh-zim-git/)AUR
### Plugin managers
* **Antidote** — A feature complete Zsh implementation of the legacy Antibody plugin manager.
- <https://github.com/mattmc3/antidote> || [zsh-antidote](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/zsh-antidote/)AUR
* **zinit (previously "zplugin")** — Flexible Zsh plugin manager with clean fpath, reports, completion management, turbo mode [REVIVED](https://github.com/zdharma-continuum/I_WANT_TO_HELP)
- <https://github.com/zdharma-continuum/zinit> || [zinit](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/zinit/)AUR
* **zi (previously "zplugin")** — Alternative fork of zplugin aiming to expand on the original project, instead of preservation and maintenance of the original project like zinit.
- <https://github.com/z-shell/zi> || not packaged? [search in AUR](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/)
* **sheldon** — Fast, configurable, shell plugin manager, written in Rust [\[4\]](https://github.com/rossmacarthur/sheldon)
- <https://github.com/rossmacarthur/sheldon> || [sheldon](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=sheldon)
* **Antigen** — A plugin manager for Zsh, inspired by oh-my-zsh and vundle. [ABANDONED](https://github.com/zsh-users/antigen/issues/673)
- <https://github.com/zsh-users/antigen> || [antigen-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/antigen-git/)AUR
* **zgen** — A lightweight and simple plugin manager for Zsh. [ABANDONED](https://github.com/tarjoilija/zgen/issues/123)
- <https://github.com/tarjoilija/zgen> || [zgen-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/zgen-git/)AUR
* **zplug** — A next-generation plugin manager for Zsh. [ABANDONED](https://github.com/zplug/zplug/issues/403#issuecomment-477520784)
- <https://github.com/zplug/zplug> || [zplug](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/zplug/)AUR
### Fish-like syntax highlighting and autosuggestions
[Fish](../en/Fish.html "Fish") provides very powerful shell syntax highlighting and autosuggestions. To use both in Zsh, you can install [zsh-syntax-highlighting](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=zsh-syntax-highlighting), [zsh-autosuggestions](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=zsh-autosuggestions), and finally [source](../en/Help:Reading.html#Source "Source") one or both of the provided scripts from your zshrc:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh
source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh
```
### pkgfile "command not found" handler
[pkgfile](../en/Pkgfile.html "Pkgfile") includes a Zsh script file that provides a `command_not_found_handler` function that will automatically search the pkgfile database when entering an unrecognized command.
You need to [source](../en/Help:Reading.html#Source "Source") the script to enable it. For example:
```
~/.zshrc
```
```
source /usr/share/doc/pkgfile/command-not-found.zsh
```
**Note:** The pkgfile database may need to be updated before this will work. See [pkgfile#Installation](../en/Pkgfile.html#Installation "Pkgfile") for details.
For an alternative using pacman's native functionality, see [#pacman -F "command not found" handler](#pacman_-F_"command_not_found"_handler).
|
Zsh
|
See also
|
## See also
* [Wikipedia:Zsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zsh "wikipedia:Zsh")
* [An Introduction to the Z Shell](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Intro/intro_toc.html)
* [A User's Guide to ZSH](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Guide/zshguide.html)
* [The Z Shell Manual](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/index-frame.html) (different format available [here](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/))
* [Zsh FAQ](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/FAQ/zshfaq01.html)
* [zsh-lovers(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/zsh-lovers.1) (available as [zsh-lovers](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=zsh-lovers) package)
* [Gentoo: Zsh/Guide](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Zsh/Guide "gentoo:Zsh/Guide")
* [Bash2Zsh Reference Card](https://www.bash2zsh.com/zsh_refcard/refcard.pdf)
[Category](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Command-line shells](../en/Category:Command-line_shells.html "Category:Command-line shells")
Hidden category:
* [Pages with missing package links](../en/Category:Pages_with_missing_package_links.html "Category:Pages with missing package links")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Zsh&oldid=807504>"
- This page was last edited on 5 May 2024, at 01:05.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
- 
* Toggle limited content width
|
zswap
|
Intro
|
# zswap
\[ ] 4 languages
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/zswap "zswap – 日本語")
* [Português](../pt/Zswap.html "Zswap – português")
* [Русский](../ru/Zswap.html "Zswap – русский")
* [中文（简体）](https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Zswap "Zswap – 中文（简体）")
From ArchWiki
Related articles
* [Kernel parameters](../en/Kernel_parameters.html "Kernel parameters")
* [Mkinitcpio](../en/Mkinitcpio.html "Mkinitcpio")
[zswap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zswap "wikipedia:zswap") is a kernel feature that provides a compressed RAM cache for swap pages. Pages which would otherwise be swapped out to disk are instead compressed and stored into a memory pool in RAM. Once the pool is full or the RAM is exhausted, the least recently used ([LRU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_replacement_policies#Least_recently_used_.28LRU.29 "wikipedia:Cache replacement policies")) page is decompressed and written to disk, as if it had not been intercepted. After the page has been decompressed into the swap cache, the compressed version in the pool can be freed.
The difference compared to [zram](../en/Zram.html "Zram") is that *zswap* works in conjunction with a [swap](../en/Swap.html "Swap") device while *zram* with created swap on top of it is a swap device in RAM that does not require a backing swap device.
|
zswap
|
Toggling zswap
|
## Toggling zswap
All [officially supported kernels](../en/Kernel.html#Officially_supported_kernels "Kernel") have *zswap* enabled by default. This can be verified with `zgrep CONFIG_ZSWAP_DEFAULT_ON /proc/config.gz`.
To disable *zswap* at runtime, execute the following command:
```
# echo 0 > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled
```
To disable *zswap* permanently, add `zswap.enabled=0` to your [kernel parameters](../en/Kernel_parameters.html "Kernel parameters").
|
zswap
|
Customizing zswap
|
## Customizing zswap
### Current parameters
*zswap* has several customizable parameters. The live settings can be displayed using:
```
$ grep -r . /sys/module/zswap/parameters/
```
```
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/same_filled_pages_enabled:Y
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled:Y
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/max_pool_percent:20
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/compressor:zstd
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/non_same_filled_pages_enabled:Y
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/zpool:zsmalloc
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/exclusive_loads:N
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/accept_threshold_percent:90
```
See the [zswap documentation](https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/mm/zswap.html) for the description of the different parameters.
For more information about `exclusive_loads` parameter (which is not currently in *zswap* documentation), see [this commentary in linux kernel source code](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/9ed22ae6be817d7a3f5c15ca22cbc9d3963b481d/mm/Kconfig#L48).
The boot time load message showing the initial configuration can be retrieved with:
```
# dmesg | grep zswap:
```
```
[ 0.317569] zswap: loaded using pool zstd/zsmalloc
```
### Set parameters
#### Using sysfs
Each setting can be changed at runtime via the [sysfs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sysfs "wikipedia:sysfs") interface. For example, to change the `compressor` parameter:
```
# echo lz4 > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/compressor
```
#### Using kernel boot parameters
To persist the parameter change, the corresponding option, for example `zswap.compressor=lz4`, must be added to the kernel boot parameter. Therefore to set permanently all the above settings, the following [kernel parameters](../en/Kernel_parameters.html "Kernel parameters") must be added:
```
zswap.enabled=1 zswap.compressor=lz4 zswap.max_pool_percent=20 zswap.zpool=z3fold
```
When changing the compression algorithm via boot parameter, one needs to ensure the corresponding compression module is loaded early during boot (refer to [#Compression algorithm](#Compression_algorithm)).
### Maximum pool size
The memory pool is not preallocated, it is allowed to grow up to a certain limit in percentage of the total memory available, by default up to 20% of the total RAM. Once this threshold is reached, pages are evicted from the pool into the swap device. The maximum compressed pool size is controlled with the parameter `max_pool_percent`.
### Compressed memory pool allocator
The *zpool* parameter controls the management of the compressed memory pool.
With the *zbud* data allocator, 2 compressed objects are stored into 1 page which limits the compression ratio to 2 or less.
[z3fold](https://docs.kernel.org/mm/z3fold.html) allocator allows up to 3 compressed objects by page. The compression ratio with *z3fold* typically averages 2.7 while it is 1.7 for *zbud*.
A *zpool* of type *z3fold* is created by default. Use the kernel parameter `zswap.zpool` to select another allocator at boot time. The data allocator can also be changed at a later stage via the *sysfs* interface.
In later kernels (after 6.3.arch1-1+) [zsmalloc](https://docs.kernel.org/mm/zsmalloc.html) allocator was added. It is supposed to work well under low memory conditions and it saves more memory.
### Compression algorithm
For page compression, *zswap* uses compressor modules provided by the kernel's cryptographic API. In official kernels the *zstd* compression algorithm is used by default but this can be changed with `zswap.compressor=` at boot time. Other options include *deflate*, *lzo*, *842*, *lz4* and *lz4hc*.
There is no issue changing the compression at runtime using *sysfs* but *zswap* starts in this case with *zstd* and switches at a later stage to the defined algorithm. To start *zswap* with another algorithm straight away, this must be set via the kernel boot parameters and the corresponding module must be loaded early by the kernel. This can be achieved by following these steps:
1. Add the modules required for the chosen compressor to the [mkinitcpio#MODULES](../en/Mkinitcpio.html#MODULES "Mkinitcpio") array.
2. [Regenerate the initramfs](../en/Mkinitcpio.html#Image_creation_and_activation "Regenerate the initramfs").
3. Set the compression algorithm using the `zswap.compressor=` [kernel parameter](../en/Kernel_parameters.html "Kernel parameter").
On next boot, see [#Current parameters](#Current_parameters) to check if *zswap* now uses the requested compressor.
|
zswap
|
Zswap statistics
|
## Zswap statistics
To see *zswap* statistics you can run this:
```
# grep -r . /sys/kernel/debug/zswap
```
```
duplicate_entry:0
pool_limit_hit:13404213
pool_total_size:6184960 (pool size in total in bytes)
reject_alloc_fail:5
reject_compress_poor:0
reject_kmemcache_fail:0
reject_reclaim_fail:13404213
stored_pages:4251 (pool size after compression)
written_back_pages:0
```
|
zswap
|
See also
|
## See also
* [zswap: How to determine whether it is compressing swap pages?](https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1674223.HVFdAhB7u5@merkaba/).
* [IBM Support Article "New Linux zswap compression functionality" (benchmarks images do not load)](https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/new-linux-zswap-compression-functionality).
* [Ask Ubuntu: zram vs. zswap vs. zcache](https://askubuntu.com/questions/471912/zram-vs-zswap-vs-zcache-ultimate-guide-when-to-use-which-one). (zcache is deprecated)
* [Arch Linux forum thread](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=169585).
* [LWN.net technical article by the main developer of zswap](https://lwn.net/Articles/537422/).
[Category](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Kernel](../en/Category:Kernel.html "Category:Kernel")
- Retrieved from "<https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Zswap&oldid=805536>"
- This page was last edited on 8 April 2024, at 12:01.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
- 
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|
General recommendations (Slovenščina)
|
Intro
|
# General recommendations (Slovenščina)
\[ ] 10 languages
* [Bosanski](../bs/General_recommendations.html "General recommendations – bosanski")
* [Español](../es/General_recommendations.html "General recommendations – español")
* [Français](../fr/General_recommendations.html "General recommendations – français")
* [Italiano](../it/General_recommendations.html "General recommendations – italiano")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AA%E6%8E%A8%E5%A5%A8%E4%BA%8B%E9%A0%85 "一般的な推奨事項 – 日本語")
* [Polski](../pl/General_recommendations.html "General recommendations – polski")
* [Português](../pt/General_recommendations.html "General recommendations – português")
* [Русский](../ru/General_recommendations.html "General recommendations – русский")
* [Türkçe](../tr/General_recommendations.html "General recommendations – Türkçe")
* [中文（简体）](https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/General_recommendations "General recommendations – 中文（简体）")
From ArchWiki
**Translation Status:** This article is a localized version of [General recommendations](../en/General_recommendations.html "General recommendations"). Last translation date: 2022-10-04. You can help to synchronize the translation, if there were [changes](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=General_recommendations\&diff=0\&oldid=750607) in the English version.
Related articles
* [Frequently asked questions (Slovenščina)](../en/Frequently_asked_questions.html "Frequently asked questions (Slovenščina)")
* [Installation guide (Slovenščina)](../en/e6399c766118a6ebaefea55206524215.html "Installation guide (Slovenščina)")
* [List of applications](../en/List_of_applications.html "List of applications")
Ta dokument je kazalo priljubljenih člankov in pomembnih informacij za izboljšanje in dodajanje funkcionalnosti nameščenemu sistemu Arch Linux, z nekaj dodane spremne besede. Predpostavlja se, da so bralci prebrali in upoštevali [namestitveni priročnik](../en/e6399c766118a6ebaefea55206524215.html "Installation guide (Slovenščina)") za osnovno namestitev sistema Arch Linux. Prebrati in razumeti koncepte, razložene v [#Upravljanje sistema](#Upravljanje_sistema) in [#Upravljanje paketov](#Upravljanje_paketov), je *potrebno* za spremljanje drugih delov te strani in drugih člankov na wikiju.
|
General recommendations (Slovenščina)
|
Upravljanje sistema
|
## Upravljanje sistema
To poglavje obravnava administrativna opravila in upravljanje sistema. Za več glejte [Core utilities](../en/Core_utilities.html "Core utilities") in [Category:System administration](../en/Category:System_administration.html "Category:System administration").
### Uporabniki in skupine
Pri novi namestitvi imate na voljo samo t. i. ["superuser"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser "wikipedia:Superuser") račun, bolje znan kot root. Večkratno ter dolgotrajno prijavljanje kot uporabnik root in morda celo dopuščanje prijave vanj preko [SSH](../en/Secure_Shell.html "SSH") povezave [je lahko nevarno](https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/192365/is-it-ok-to-use-the-root-user-as-a-normal-user/192422#192422). Namesto tega morate ustvariti in uporabljati neprivilegirane uporabniške račune za večino opravil, račun root pa uporabljati le za administracijo sistema. Za podrobnosti glejte [Users and groups#User management](../en/Users_and_groups.html#User_management "Users and groups").
Uporabniki in skupine so mehanizem za *nadzor dostopa*; administratorji lahko z dodeljevanjem ter odvzemanjem članstva skupinam uporabnikom dodelijo le tiste pravice, ki so zanj potrebne. Za podrobnosti in morebitna varnostna tveganja preberite članek [Users and groups](../en/Users_and_groups.html "Users and groups").
### Varnost
Preberite [Security](../en/Security.html "Security") za priporočila in najboljše prakse za okrepitev sistema.
Za seznam aplikacij, ki omogočajo izvajanje ukazov ali zagon interaktivne lupine kot drug uporabnik (npr. root), glejte [List of applications/Security#Privilege elevation](../en/List_of_applications/Security.html#Privilege_elevation "List of applications/Security").
### Upravljanje storitev
Arch Linux uporablja [systemd](../en/Systemd.html "Systemd") kot proces [init](../en/Init.html "Init"), ki je upravitelj sistema in storitev za Linux. Za vzdrževanje namestitve Arch Linuxa je dobro vsaj laično znanje uporabe tega.
Interakcija s *systemd* poteka z ukazom *systemctl*. Za več informacij glejte [systemd#Basic systemctl usage](../en/Systemd.html#Basic_systemctl_usage "Systemd").
Na voljo je tudi sistem za beleženje z ukazom *journalctl*. Za več informacij glejte [journal](../en/Systemd/Journal.html "Journal").
### Vzdrževanje sistema
Arch je sistem s tekočimi izdajami in hitro menjavo paketov, zato si morajo uporabniki vzeti nekaj časa za [vzdrževanje sistema](../en/System_maintenance.html "System maintenance").
|
General recommendations (Slovenščina)
|
Upravljanje paketov
|
## Upravljanje paketov
To poglavje vsebuje koristne informacije, povezane z upravljanjem paketov. Za več informacij glejte [FAQ#Package management](../en/Frequently_asked_questions.html#Package_management "FAQ") in [Category:Package management](../en/Category:Package_management.html "Category:Package management").
**Note:** Pred nadgradnjo sistema morate nujno spremljati spremembe v sistemu Arch Linux, ki zahtevajo ročno posredovanje **pred** nadgradnjo sistema. Naročite se na [arch-announce poštno listo](https://lists.archlinux.org/mailman3/lists/arch-announce.lists.archlinux.org/) ali [RSS feed](https://archlinux.org/feeds/news/). Druga možnost je, da vsakič pred posodobitvijo preverite naslovno stran [Arch news](https://archlinux.org/).
### pacman
[pacman](../en/Pacman.html "Pacman") je *pac*kage *man*ager za Arch Linux: zelo priporočljivo je, da se z njim seznanite pred branjem drugih člankov.
Če želite omogočiti vzporedno prenašanje paketov, glejte [pacman#Enabling parallel downloads](../en/Pacman.html#Enabling_parallel_downloads "Pacman").
Glejte [pacman/Tips and tricks](../en/Pacman/Tips_and_tricks.html "Pacman/Tips and tricks") za predloge, kako izboljšati interakcijo s programom *pacman* in upravljanjem paketov na splošno.
### Repozitoriji
Za podrobnosti o namenu vsakega uradno vzdrževanega repozitorija glejte članek [Official repositories](../en/Official_repositories.html "Official repositories").
Če nameravate uporabljati 32-bitne aplikacije, omogočite repozitorij [multilib](../en/Official_repositories.html#multilib "Multilib").
V članku [Unofficial user repositories](../en/Unofficial_user_repositories.html "Unofficial user repositories") je navedenih še več nepodprtih repozitorijev.
Razmislite o namestitvi storitve [pkgstats](../en/Pkgstats.html "Pkgstats").
### Zrcala
V članku [Mirrors](../en/Mirrors.html "Mirrors") boste našli navodila, kako v celoti izkoristiti prednosti uporabe najhitrejših in najnovejših zrcalnih kopij uradnih repozitorijev. Kot je razloženo v članku, je še posebej pametno redno preverjati stran [Mirror Status](https://archlinux.org/mirrors/status/) za seznam ogledal, ki so bila nedavno sinhronizirana. To je mogoče avtomatizirati s programom [Reflector](../en/Reflector.html "Reflector").
### Arch Build System
*Ports* je sistem, ki so ga prvotno uporabljale distribucije BSD in je sestavljen iz skript za sestavljanje, ki se nahajajo v drevesu direktorijev na lokalnem sistemu. Preprosto povedano, vsak port vsebuje skripto v direktoriju, ki je intuitivno poimenovan po aplikaciji, ki jo je mogoče namestiti.
Sistem [Arch build system](../en/Arch_build_system.html "Arch build system") ponuja enako funkcionalnost z zagotavljanjem skript za sestavljanje, imenovanih [PKGBUILD](../en/PKGBUILD.html "PKGBUILD"), ki so napolnjene z informacijami za določeno programsko opremo: datoteke za preverjanje integritete, URL projekta, različico, licenco in navodili za sestavljanje. Te PKGBUILD-e uporablja [makepkg](../en/Makepkg.html "Makepkg"), dejanski program, ki ustvarja pakete, ki jih je mogoče namestiti s programom *pacman*.
Vsak paket v repozitorijih skupaj s tistimi, ki so prisotni v AUR, je mogoče ponovno sestaviti s programom *makepkg*.
### Uporabniški repozitorij Arch (AUR)
Medtem ko sistem Arch Build System omogoča gradnjo programske opreme, ki je na voljo v uradnih skladiščih, je [Arch User Repository](../en/Arch_User_Repository.html "Arch User Repository") (AUR) ekvivalent za pakete, ki jih posredujejo uporabniki. To je neuraden repozitorij skript za sestavljanje, ki je dostopen prek [spletnega vmesnika](https://aur.archlinux.org/) ali prek [vmesnika Aurweb RPC](../en/Aurweb_RPC_interface.html "Aurweb RPC interface").
|
General recommendations (Slovenščina)
|
Zagon
|
## Zagon
To poglavje vsebuje informacije, ki se nanašajo na postopek zagona. Pregled zagonskega postopka Arch najdete na [Arch boot process](../en/Arch_boot_process.html "Arch boot process"). Za več informacij glejte [Category:Boot process](../en/Category:Boot_process.html "Category:Boot process").
### Samodejno prepoznavanje strojne opreme
Privzeto naj bi [udev](../en/Udev.html "Udev") med postopkom zagona samodejno prepoznal strojno opremo. Potencialno izboljšanje zagonskega časa je mogoče doseči z onemogočanjem samodejnega nalaganja modulov in ročnim določanjem zahtevanih modulov, kot je opisano v [Kernel modules](../en/Kernel_module.html "Kernel modules"). Poleg tega bi moral [Xorg](../en/Xorg.html "Xorg") biti sposoben samodejno odkriti zahtevane gonilnike z uporabo `udev`, vendar imajo uporabniki možnost, da strežnik X konfigurirajo tudi ročno.
### Mikrokoda
Procesorji se lahko [obnašajo napačno](https://www.anandtech.com/show/8376/intel-disables-tsx-instructions-erratum-found-in-haswell-haswelleep-broadwelly), kar lahko jedro popravi s posodobitvijo *mikrokode* ob zagonu. Za podrobnosti glejte [Microcode](../en/Microcode.html "Microcode").
### Ohranjanje zagonskih sporočil
Ko se prikaže poziv za prijavo, se sporočila ob zagonu izbrišejo, tako da uporabniki ne morejo pridobiti povratnih informacij o njih. Za odpravo te omejitve glejte [Disable clearing of boot messages](../en/Getty.html#Have_boot_messages_stay_on_tty1 "Disable clearing of boot messages").
### Aktivacija zaklepanja številk
[Num Lock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Num_Lock "wikipedia:Num Lock") je preklopna tipka na večini tipkovnic. Za samodejno aktivacijo Num Lock ob zagonom glejte [Activating numlock on bootup](../en/Activating_numlock_on_bootup.html "Activating numlock on bootup").
[Category](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [System administration (Slovenščina)](../en/Category:ee2f23944ebe6da6aeae0ebbcfcc64df.html "Category:System administration (Slovenščina)")
- Retrieved from "[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=General\_recommendations\_(Slovenščina)\&oldid=799221](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=General_recommendations_\(Sloven%C5%A1%C4%8Dina\)\&oldid=799221)"
- This page was last edited on 1 February 2024, at 18:05.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
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pacman (বাংলা)
|
Intro
|
# pacman (বাংলা)
\[ ] 9 languages
* [Deutsch](https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/Pacman "Pacman – Deutsch")
* [Español](../es/Pacman.html "Pacman – español")
* [Suomi](../fi/Pacman.html "Pacman – suomi")
* [Français](../fr/Pacman.html "Pacman – français")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Pacman "Pacman – 日本語")
* [Português](../pt/Pacman.html "Pacman – português")
* [Русский](../ru/Pacman.html "Pacman – русский")
* [Svenska](../sv/Pacman.html "Pacman – svenska")
* [中文（简体）](https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Pacman "Pacman – 中文（简体）")
From ArchWiki
**This article or section needs to be [translated](../en/ArchWiki:Contributing.html#Translating "ArchWiki:Contributing").**
**Notes:** This traduction is partial. Last update 2021-11-11 (Discuss in [Talk:Pacman (বাংলা)](../en/Talk:ca71515badcb04a466e7679ac4f1f11e.html))
[pacman](https://archlinux.org/pacman/) [প্যাকেজ ম্যানেজার](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bn:%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0 "wikipedia:bn:প্যাকেজ ম্যানেজার") হচ্ছে আর্চ লিনাক্সের নিজস্ব একটি উপাদান। এটি প্যাকেজের সাধারণ বাইনারি অবস্থাকে একটি সহজে ব্যবহারযোগ্য [বিল্ড সিস্টেমে](/index.php?title=Arch_Build_System_\(%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Arch Build System (বাংলা) (page does not exist)") একত্রিত করে। *প্যাকম্যান* এর উদ্দেশ্য হচ্ছে প্যাকেজ ব্যবহারকে সহজলভ্য করা, হোক সেগুলো [ওফিশিয়াল রিপোজিটরি](/index.php?title=Official_repositories_\(%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Official repositories (বাংলা) (page does not exist)") থেকে অথবা ব্যবহারকারীর নিজস্ব তৈরি। *প্যাকম্যান* প্রধান সার্ভাররের সাথে প্যাকেজগুলোর সিঙ্ক্রোনাইজেশনের মাধ্যমে সিস্টেমকে হালনাগাদ রাখে। এছাড়া এই সার্ভার/ক্লায়েন্ট মডেল ব্যবহারকারীকে সাধারণ একটি কমান্ডের মাধ্যমে প্যাকেজসমূহ ডাউনলোড/ইন্সটল করার অনুমতি দেয়, এমনকি দরকারি নির্ভরশীল প্যাকেজগুলো (Package dependencies) সহ।
প্যাকম্যান প্যাকেজ ম্যানেজার লিখা/তৈরি করা হয়েছে [সি](/index.php?title=C_\(%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "C (বাংলা) (page does not exist)") প্রোগ্রামিং ল্যাঙ্গুয়েজ দ্বারা এবং এটি প্যাকেজিংয়ের জন্য [bsdtar(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/bsdtar.1) টার ফরমেট ব্যবহার করে।
**Tip:** [pacman](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=pacman) প্যাকেজটিতে [makepkg](/index.php?title=Makepkg_\(%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Makepkg (বাংলা) (page does not exist)") এবং [vercmp(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/vercmp.8) মতো টুলস রয়েছে। এছাড়াও [pactree](../en/Pacman.html#Pactree "Pactree") এবং [checkupdates](../en/System_maintenance.html#Partial_upgrades_are_unsupported "Checkupdates") নামের দরকারি টুলস [pacman-contrib](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=pacman-contrib) প্যাকেজটিতে পাওয়া যায়। প্যাকম্যান এর সব টুলসগুলো দেখার জন্য `pacman -Ql pacman pacman-contrib | grep -E 'bin/.+'` কমান্ডটি ব্যবহার করুন।
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pacman (বাংলা)
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ব্যবহার
|
## ব্যবহার
*প্যাকম্যান* হচ্ছে আর্চ লিনাক্সের প্যাকেজ ম্যানেজার বা ব্যবস্থাপক, যা সিস্টেমে নতুন প্যাকেজ ইন্সটল, হালনাগাদ এবং প্যাকেজ মুছে ফেলার কাজ সম্পাদন করে। আরে জানতে পড়ুন [pacman(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/pacman.8)।
**Tip:** এখানে যারা লিনাক্সের অন্যান্য ডিস্ট্রিবিউশন ব্যবহার করেছেন, তারা প্যাকম্যানের সাথে অন্যান্য প্যাকেজ ম্যানেজারের তুলনা সম্পর্কিত [Pacman Rosetta](/index.php?title=Pacman_Rosetta_\(%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Pacman Rosetta (বাংলা) (page does not exist)") প্রবন্ধটি দেখতে পারেন।
### প্যাকেজ ইন্সটল করা
একটি প্যাকেজ হচ্ছে এমন সংরক্ষণাগার যেখানে রয়েছে:
* সফটওয়্যারটির সকল সংকলিত (কম্পাইলড) ফাইলসমূহ।
* সফটওয়্যারটির সকল খুঁটিনাটি তথ্য, যেমন সফটওয়্যারটির নাম, সফটওয়্যারটির সংস্করণ (ভার্সন) এবং সফটওয়্যারটি কোন কোন প্যাকেজগুলোর ওপর নির্ভরশীল (Dependency)।
* ইন্সটলেশন ফাইল এবং *প্যাকম্যানের* জন্য দিকনির্দেশনা সমূহ।
* (ঐচ্ছিক) অতিরিক্ত কিছু ফাইলস (Optional dependency) যা সফটওয়্যারটির ব্যবহারকে সহজ করতে পারে।
সফটওয়্যার নিজে সংকলন (কম্পাইল) ও ইন্সটল না করে শুধুমাত্র প্যাকেজ ব্যবহারে রয়েছে বিভিন্ন সুবিধা:
* সহজেই হালনাগাদ করা যায়: *প্যাকম্যান* সিস্টেমে বিদ্যমান প্যাকেজগুলোকে যত তাড়াতাড়ি হালনাগাদ আসে সেগুলোকে হালনাগাদ করে।
* নির্ভরশীল প্যাকেজগুলো (Dependency) সামলানো: *প্যাকম্যান* স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে সফটওয়্যারের ডিপেন্ডেন্সিগুলো সামাল দেয়, অর্থাৎ কোন প্যাকেজগুলো এই প্রোগ্রামটির জন্য প্রয়োজন। আপনাকে শুধুমাত্র প্রোগ্রামটির নাম বলে দিতে হবে এবং প্যাকম্যান প্রোগ্রামটিসহ এর সকল প্রয়োজনীয় প্যাকেজগুলো ইন্সটল করে নিবে।
* পুরোপুরি মুছে ফেলা: একটি প্যাকেজে কতগুলো ফাইল রয়েছে *প্যাকম্যানের* কাছে সেটির সব তালিকা রয়েছে; এজন্য, কোনো প্যাকেজ মুছে ফেলার সময় অনাকাঙ্ক্ষিতভাবে এর কোনো ফাইল সিস্টেমে থেকে যাওয়ার সম্ভাবনা থাকে না।
**Note:**
* প্যাকেজের হঠাৎ হঠাৎ [অপশনাল ডিপেন্ডেন্সি](../en/PKGBUILD.html#optdepends "PKGBUILD") থাকতে পারে, যেগুলো আ্যপলিকেশনটিকে বাড়তি কিছু সুবিধা দিয়ে থাকে কিন্তু আ্যপলিকেশনটি ব্যবহার করার জন্য অবশ্যই যে লাগবে তা না। যখন প্যাকেজ ইন্সটল করবেন, *প্যাকম্যান* প্যাকেজটির অপশনাল ডিপেন্ডেন্সিগুলোর তালিকা দেখাবে, কিন্তু সেগুলো `pacman.log` ফাইলে পাওয়া যাবে না। প্যাকেজের অপশনাল ডিপেন্ডেন্সি দেখার জন্য [Pacman#Querying package databases](../en/Pacman.html#Querying_package_databases "Pacman") কমান্ড ব্যবহার করুন।
- কিছু কিছু ক্ষেত্রে দেখা যায় যে, আপনি একটি প্যাকেজ ইন্সটল করছেন যেটি আপনার বিশেষভাবে কোনো দরকার নেই, দরকার অন্যান্য প্যাকেজের (অপশনাল) ডিপেন্ডেন্সি হিসেবে, সেক্ষেত্রে ইন্সটল করার সময় `--asdeps` অপশনটি ব্যবহার করবেন। বিস্তারিত জানতে [Pacman#Installation reason](../en/Pacman.html#Installation_reason "Pacman") অংশটি দেখুন।
**Warning:** যখন আর্চ লিনাক্সে প্যাকেজ ইন্সটল করবেন, তখন [সিস্টেম আপগ্রেড](#%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE) না করে প্যাকেজ তালিকা সিংক্রোনাইজ না করাই ভালো (উদাহরণস্বরূপ, যখন একটি প্যাকেজ আর রিপোজিটরিতে খুজে পাওয়া যায় না)। বাস্তবক্ষেত্রে, `pacman -Syu package_name` কমান্ড ব্যবহার না করে `pacman -Sy package_name` কমান্ড ব্যবহার করবেন না, কেননা এক্ষেত্রে ডিপেন্ডেন্সি সমস্যা তৈরি হতে পারে। চাইলে দেখতে পারেন [System maintenance#Partial upgrades are unsupported](../en/System_maintenance.html#Partial_upgrades_are_unsupported "System maintenance") এবং [BBS#89328](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=89328).
#### প্যাকেজ ইন্সটল করার পদ্ধতি
নির্দিষ্ট একটি প্যাকজ অথবা প্যাকেজের তালিকা (ডিপেন্ডেন্সি সহ) ইন্সটল করার জন্য এই কমান্ডটি ব্যবহার করুন:
```
# pacman -S package_name1 package_name2 ...
```
regex ([Regular Expression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bn:%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8 "wikipedia:bn:রেগুলার এক্সপ্রেশন")) দিয়ে প্যাকেজসমূহ ইন্সটল করতে (আরো জানতে [এই ফোরাম থ্রেডটি](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=7179) দেখুন):
```
# pacman -S $(pacman -Ssq package_regex)
```
কখনও কখনও একটি প্যাকেজের একাধিক ভার্শন বিভিন্ন রিপোজিটরিতে (e.g *extra* and *testing*) থাকতে পারে। ধরা যাক, *extra* রিপোজিটরির ভার্শনটি ইন্সটল করতে প্যাকেজের নামের আগে রিপোজিটরি অবশ্যই সংজ্ঞায়িত থাকতে হবে:
```
# pacman -S extra/package_name
```
একই প্যাটার্নযুক্ত নামের প্যাকেজ ইন্সটল করার জন্য
[Categories](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
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Installation Guide (文言文)
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Intro
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# Installation Guide (文言文)
\[ ] 17 languages
* [Български](../bg/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – български")
* [Deutsch](https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/Arch_Install_Scripts "Arch Install Scripts – Deutsch")
* [Ελληνικά](../el/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – Ελληνικά")
* [Español](../es/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – español")
* [Suomi](../fi/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – suomi")
* [Français](../fr/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – français")
* [Italiano](../it/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – italiano")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89 "インストールガイド – 日本語")
* [한국어](../ko/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – 한국어")
* [Polski](../pl/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – polski")
* [Português](../pt/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – português")
* [Русский](../ru/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – русский")
* [Svenska](../sv/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – svenska")
* [ไทย](../th/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – ไทย")
* [Türkçe](../tr/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – Türkçe")
* [Українська](../uk/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – українська")
* [中文（繁體）](../zh-hant/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – 中文（繁體）")
From ArchWiki
**This article or section needs to be [translated](../en/ArchWiki:Contributing.html#Translating "ArchWiki:Contributing").**
**Notes:** Partial translation, started 2022-08-15 (Discuss in [Talk:Installation Guide (文言文)](../en/Talk:d21d97e416f0b6a1fc6ac0b7157eec49.html))
**翻譯狀態：**本文章是 [Installation guide](../en/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide") 的翻譯版本。最近一次的翻譯時間：2022-08-15。點擊[本連結](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Installation_guide\&diff=0\&oldid=741457)查看英文頁面之後的變更。
本文將指導如何用官方安裝鏡像啟動的Live系統安裝[Arch Linux](/index.php?title=Arch_Linux_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Arch Linux (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")。 安裝介質現提供無障礙協助工具，對此[使用無障礙輔助選項安裝Arch Linux](/index.php?title=Install_Arch_Linux_with_accessibility_options_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Install Arch Linux with accessibility options (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")頁面有詳細描述。 關於其它的安裝方法，請參閱[安裝過程分類下的其他條目](/index.php?title=Category:Installation_process_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Category:Installation process (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")。
建議在安裝前閱讀[常見問題](/index.php?title=Frequently_asked_questions_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Frequently asked questions (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")。 對於本文中使用的慣用術語，請參閱[閱讀幫助](/index.php?title=Help:Reading_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Help:Reading (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")。 請將程式碼中`斜體`的部分按實際情況替換成具體內容。
有關更詳細的說明，請閱讀本指南內相應的[ArchWiki](/index.php?title=ArchWiki:About_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "ArchWiki:About (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")文章或各類程式的[手册](/index.php?title=Man_page_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Man page (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")。 若需要互動幫助，可以使用[IRC頻道](/index.php?title=Arch_IRC_channels_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Arch IRC channels (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")和[論壇](https://bbs.archlinux.org/)。
Arch Linux能運行在最少512 MiB記憶體的[x86\_64](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:X86-64 "w:zh:X86-64")機器上，但從安裝媒介啟動系統並成功安裝需要更多的記憶體。 [\[1\]](https://lists.archlinux.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/D5HSGOFTPGYI6IZUEB3ZNAX4D3F3ID37/)基本安裝將佔用小於2 GiB的存儲空間。 由於安裝過程中需要從遠程存儲庫獲取套裝軟體，電腦將需要一個有效的互聯網連接。
|
Installation Guide (文言文)
|
安裝前的準備
|
## 安裝前的準備
### 獲取安裝映射
訪問[下載](https://archlinux.org/download/)頁面，並根據需要的引導管道，獲取ISO文件或netboot映射以及相應的[GnuPG](/index.php?title=GnuPG_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "GnuPG (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")簽名。
### 驗證簽名
建議使用前先驗證所下載檔案的簽名，特別是從*HTTP鏡像源*下載的檔案，因為HTTP連接一般來說容易遭到攔截而[提供惡意鏡像](http://www2.cs.arizona.edu/stork/packagemanagersecurity/attacks-on-package-managers.html)。
在一臺已經安裝[GnuPG](/index.php?title=GnuPG_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "GnuPG (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")的系統上，可通過下載*PGP簽名* (在[下載](https://archlinux.org/download/)頁面的*Checksums*下方)到ISO文件所在的路徑，然後用以下管道[驗證簽名](/index.php?title=GnuPG_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "GnuPG (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")：
```
$ gpg --keyserver-options auto-key-retrieve --verify archlinux-version-x86_64.iso.sig
```
另外，在一臺已經安裝Arch Linux的電腦上可以通過以下管道驗證：
```
$ pacman-key -v archlinux-version-x86_64.iso.sig
```
**注意：**
* 如果安裝映射是從鏡像網站下載，而不是從[archlinux.org](https://archlinux.org/download/)下載的話，則簽名是可以被偽造的。 在這種情況下，請確保用來解碼簽名的公開金鑰是被另一個可信的金鑰簽署的。 `gpg`命令將會輸出公開金鑰的指紋。
* 另一種驗證簽名的方法是確保公開金鑰的指紋等於其中一位簽署了ISO文件[Arch Linux開發者](https://archlinux.org/people/developers/)的指紋。 請參閱[維琪百科](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:%E5%85%AC%E9%96%8B%E9%87%91%E9%91%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86 "wikipedia:zh:公開金鑰加密")獲取更多關於公開金鑰加密的資訊。
### 準備安裝介質
安裝映射可以通過[USB快閃記憶體盤](/index.php?title=USB_flash_installation_medium_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "USB flash installation medium (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")、[光碟](../en/Optical_disc_drive.html#Burning "Optical disc drive")和帶[PXE](/index.php?title=Preboot_Execution_Environment_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Preboot Execution Environment (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")的網絡提供給目標機器：請按照合適的文章，使用所選映射為自己準備安裝介質。
### 啟動到Live環境
**注意：** Arch Linux安裝鏡像不支持安全啟動 (Secure Boot)。要引導安裝媒介，需要[禁用安全啟動](/index.php?title=Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)/Secure_Boot_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (簡體中文)/Secure Boot (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")。如果需要，可在完成安裝後重新配寘[安全啟動](/index.php?title=Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)/Secure_Boot_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (簡體中文)/Secure Boot (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")。
1. 選擇從帶有Arch安裝檔案的媒介啟動，通常是要在[電腦開機自檢](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:%E5%8A%A0%E9%9B%BB%E8%87%AA%E6%AA%A2 "wikipedia:zh:加電自檢")時按下某個按鍵，一般在啟動畫面會有提示。 具體情況請參攷主機板說明書。
2. 當引導加載程式功能表出現時，選擇*Arch Linux install medium*並按`Enter`進入安裝環境。
**提示：** 安裝映射在UEFI模式下使用[GRUB](../en/GRUB.html "GRUB")引導，在BIOS模式下使用[syslinux](/index.php?title=Syslinux_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Syslinux (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")引導。請參閱[README.bootparams](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/mkinitcpio/mkinitcpio-archiso/blob/master/docs/README.bootparams)獲取[引導參數](/index.php?title=Kernel_parameters_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Kernel parameters (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")清單。
3. 您將會以root身份登入進一個[虛擬控制台](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_console "wikipedia:Virtual console")，默認的Shell是[Zsh](/index.php?title=Zsh_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Zsh (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")。
如果想一邊安裝，一邊使用[Lynx](https://lynx.invisible-island.net/lynx_help/Lynx_users_guide.html)查看本指南，可以使用`Alt+箭頭` [快速鍵](/index.php?title=Keyboard_shortcuts_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Keyboard shortcuts (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")切換不同的控制台。 要[編輯](/index.php?title=Help:Reading_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Help:Reading (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")設定檔，可以使用[mcedit(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/mcedit.1)、[nano](/index.php?title=Nano_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Nano (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")和[vim](/index.php?title=Vim_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Vim (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")。 請參閱[packages.x86\_64](https://geo.mirror.pkgbuild.com/iso/latest/arch/pkglist.x86_64.txt)獲取安裝介質中包含的套裝軟體清單。
### 控制台鍵盤佈局
[控制台鍵盤佈局](/index.php?title=Linux_console_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)/Keyboard_configuration_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Linux console (簡體中文)/Keyboard configuration (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")默認為`us` (美式鍵盤映射)。 列出所有可用的鍵盤佈局，可以使用：
```
# ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/**/*.map.gz
```
如果您想要更改鍵盤佈局，可以將相應檔名添加進[loadkeys(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/loadkeys.1)，但請省略路徑和副檔名。 比如，要添加[德語](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KB_Germany.svg "wikipedia:File:KB Germany.svg")鍵盤佈局：
```
# loadkeys de-latin1
```
[控制台字體](/index.php?title=Linux_console_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Linux console (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")位於`/usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/`目錄中，設定管道請參攷[setfont(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/setfont.8)。
### 驗證引導模式
要驗證引導模式，請用下列命令列出[efivars](/index.php?title=Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")目錄：
```
# ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
```
如果命令結果顯示了目錄且沒有報告錯誤，則系統以UEFI模式引導。 如果目錄不存在，則系統可能以[BIOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:BIOS "w:zh:BIOS")模式 (或[CSM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compatibility_Support_Module "wikipedia:Compatibility Support Module")模式)引導。 如果系統未以您想要的模式引導啟動，請參攷您的主機板說明書。
### 連接到互聯網
要在Live環境中配寘網絡連接，請跟隨以下步驟：
* 確保系統已經啟用了[網路介面](/index.php?title=Network_configuration_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Network configuration (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")，用[ip-link(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/ip-link.8)檢查：
```
# ip link
```
* 對於無線局域網 (Wi-Fi)和無線廣域網 (WWAN)，請確保網卡未被[rfkill](../en/Network_configuration/Wireless.html#Rfkill_caveat "Rfkill")禁用。
* 要連接到網絡：
* 有線以太網——連接網線。
* WiFi——使用[iwctl](/index.php?title=Iwd_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Iwd (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")驗證無線網路。
* 移動寬帶數據機 (移動網卡)-使用[mmcli](../en/Mobile_broadband_modem.html#ModemManager "Mmcli")實用程式連接到移動網絡。
* 配寘網絡連接：
* [DHCP](/index.php?title=Network_configuration_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Network configuration (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")：對於有線以太網、無線局域網 (WLAN)和無線廣域網 (WWAN)網路介面來說，動態IP地址和DNS伺服器分配 (由[systemd-networkd](/index.php?title=Systemd-networkd_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Systemd-networkd (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")和[systemd-resolved](../en/Systemd-resolved.html "Systemd-resolved")提供機能)能够開箱即用。
* 靜態IP地址：按照[靜態IP地址](/index.php?title=Network_configuration_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Network configuration (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")進行操作。
* 用[ping](/index.php?title=Network_configuration_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Network configuration (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")檢查網絡連接：
```
# ping archlinux.org
```
**注意：** 默認情况下，安裝映射已預配寘好並啟用了[systemd-networkd](/index.php?title=Systemd-networkd_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Systemd-networkd (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")、[systemd-resolved](../en/Systemd-resolved.html "Systemd-resolved")、[iwd](/index.php?title=Iwd_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Iwd (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")和[ModemManager](../en/Mobile_broadband_modem.html#ModemManager "ModemManager")。但已經安裝好了的系統並非如此。
### 更新系統時間
使用[timedatectl(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/timedatectl.1)確保系統時間是準確的：
```
# timedatectl set-ntp true
```
可以使用`timedatectl status`檢查服務狀態。
### 建立硬碟分區
系統如果識別到磁片，就會將其分配為一個[塊設備](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zh:%E8%A8%AD%E5%82%99%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1#.E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D.E7.B4.84.E5.AE.9A "wikipedia:zh:設備檔案系統")，如`/dev/sda`、`/dev/nvme0n1`或`/dev/mmcblk0`。 可以使用[lsblk](../en/Device_file.html#lsblk "Lsblk")或者*fdisk*查看：
```
# fdisk -l
```
結果中以`rom`、`loop`或者`airoot`結尾的設備可以被忽略。
對於一個選定的設備，以下*分區*是必須要有的：
* 一個根分區 (掛載在[根目錄](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_directory "wikipedia:Root directory"))`/`；
- 要在[UEFI](/index.php?title=Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")模式中啟動，還需要一個[EFI系統分區](/index.php?title=EFI_system_partition_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "EFI system partition (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")。
如果需要創建多級存儲例如[LVM](../en/LVM.html "LVM")、[disk encryption](../en/Data-at-rest_encryption.html "Disk encryption")或[RAID](../en/RAID.html "RAID")，請在此時完成。
請使用[fdisk](/index.php?title=Fdisk_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Fdisk (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")或[parted](/index.php?title=Parted_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Parted (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")修改分區表。 例如：
```
# fdisk /dev/the_disk_to_be_partitioned (要被分區的磁片)
```
**注意：**
* 如果想要的磁片沒有顯示出來，[確保磁片控制器未處於RAID模式](../en/Partitioning.html#Drives_are_not_visible_when_firmware_RAID_is_enabled "Partitioning").
* 如果要啟動的磁片[已經有一個EFI系統分區](../en/EFI_system_partition.html#Check_for_an_existing_partition "EFI system partition")，不要新建EFI分區，請使用現有的分區。
* 如果檔案系統支持，[交換空間](/index.php?title=Swap_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Swap (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")可以通過[交換檔案](/index.php?title=Swap_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Swap (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")實現。
#### 分區示例
| 掛載點 | 分區 | [分區類型](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table#Partition_type_GUIDs "wikipedia:GUID Partition Table") | 建議大小 |
| ------------ | --------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------- |
| `/mnt/boot`1 | `/dev/efi_system_partition` | [EFI系統分區](/index.php?title=EFI_system_partition_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "EFI system partition (簡體中文) (page does not exist)") | 至少300 MiB |
| `[SWAP]` | `/dev/swap_partition` | Linux swap (交換空間) | 大於512 MiB |
| `/mnt` | `/dev/root_partition` | Linux x86-64根目錄 (/) | 剩餘空間 |
1. 如果使用的引導加載程式能够從根磁片卷中加載內核和initramfs映射，則可以使用[其他掛載點](../en/EFI_system_partition.html#Typical_mount_points "EFI system partition") (例如`/mnt/efi`)。 請參閱[引導加載程式](../en/Arch_boot_process.html#Boot_loader "Arch boot process")中的警告部分。
| 掛載點 | 分區 | [分區類型](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table#Partition_type_GUIDs "wikipedia:GUID Partition Table") | 建議大小 |
| -------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------- |
| `[SWAP]` | `/dev/swap_partition` | Linux swap (交換空間) | 大於512 MiB |
| `/mnt` | `/dev/root_partition` | Linux | 剩餘空間 |
另請參閱[佈局示例](/index.php?title=Partitioning_\(%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87\)\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Partitioning (簡體中文) (page does not exist)")。
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* [文言文](../en/Category:9aebde646d7613169babe00c992dc101.html "Category:文言文")
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* [Disclaimers](../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
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Arch Linux (文言文)
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Intro
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# Arch Linux (文言文)
\[ ] 13 languages
* [Deutsch](https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/%C3%9Cber_Arch_Linux "Über Arch Linux – Deutsch")
* [Ελληνικά](../el/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – Ελληνικά")
* [Español](../es/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – español")
* [Suomi](../fi/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – suomi")
* [Français](../fr/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – français")
* [Italiano](../it/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – italiano")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Arch_Linux "Arch Linux – 日本語")
* [Português](../pt/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – português")
* [Русский](../ru/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – русский")
* [Svenska](../sv/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – svenska")
* [Türkçe](../tr/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – Türkçe")
* [Українська](../uk/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – українська")
* [中文（简体）](https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Arch_Linux "Arch Linux – 中文（简体）")
From ArchWiki
**翻譯狀態：**此文乃 [Arch\_Linux](../en/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux") 之翻譯。新輯時日：2022-08-21。閱[此](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Arch_Linux\&diff=0\&oldid=731095)查英文版本後之變更。
夫 Arch Linux 者，獨立、通用之 x86-64 [GNU](../en/GNU.html "GNU")/Linux 發行版也。 Arch 盡其力滾動更新，供諸軟件之至新之穩定版本。初裝之 Arch 乃基本系統，其後君可以己之好，裝己所需，而為己志也。
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Arch Linux (文言文)
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原則
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## 原則
### 簡潔
Arch Linux 視所謂簡為：**避所不必之增修**。其軟件皆供自原開發者（[上游](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_\(software_development\) "wikipedia:Upstream (software development)")），僅行相關於發行版(下游)之極微繕：
* 不與上游所拒之補。絕乎眾 Arch 下游之補皆得證於上游，含於下一正式之版。
* 配置之件同自上游，僅含發行版必須之更正，如特殊文件系統路徑之變，若裝一軟件包，Arch 無自動功能，如啓其服務。
* 軟件包常與一上游項目直應，僅於絕優之時而分之，如節省磁盤空間。
* 官方不與圖形化配置，君應持命令行與文本編輯器以更其設置。
### 現代
Arch 力保軟件於最新穩定之版。無系統軟件包損，則皆竭力使之最新。 Arch 以[滾動升級](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_release "wikipedia:Rolling release")之綱，以永更於安裝之後。
Arch 供 [GNU](../en/GNU.html "GNU")/Linux 用戶諸新者，含 [systemd](../en/Systemd.html "Systemd") 初始化系統、今之[文件系統](../en/File_systems.html "File systems")、LVM2/EVMS、軟件磁盤陣列（軟 RAID）、udev 支持、initcpio（附帶mkinitcpio）及最新之內核。
### 實用
Arch 重實用，避義理之爭，原則惟供實用引導，終之設計決策皆乃開發者之共識。開發者據實之技，悟言一室，以免政治之素，非左右於世俗。
Arch Linux 之倉含巨量軟件包及腳本以編譯，用戶可按需自擇。此倉供開源、自由之軟件，亦含閉源軟件。 **實用重於義理**。
### 忠於用戶
眾 Linux 發行版嘗友善於用戶，Arch Linux 則平素如此，永忠於用戶。此發行版為達貢獻者之需，非盡力以招至多之用戶。 Arch 適於精 GNU/Linux 者，其好出時以覽文，以解己之惑。
勸任一用戶[參與](../en/Getting_involved.html "Getting involved")貢獻。Arch Wiki 重進策及修繕之助 [bugs](https://bugs.archlinux.org/)，或供軟件包之補丁及會核心[項目](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/)，Arch 皆以爲恩：Arch 開發者皆乃志願之士，行不輟之獻者常有得為群之一員者。 *Archers* 可自獻軟件包至[Arch 用戶之倉](../en/Arch_User_Repository.html "Arch User Repository"), 修[ArchWiki 文之質](../en/4f089d9980aa59df60bd953d207dd72e.html "Main page (文言文)")，於[論壇](https://bbs.archlinux.org/)，[郵件之列](https://lists.archlinux.org/mailman3/lists/)，[IRC](../en/Arch_IRC_channels.html "IRC") 供技術或與餘者達其意。 Arch Linux 乃全球眾用戶之首選，有眾[國際社區](../en/International_communities.html "International communities")供其所助及文之翻譯。
### 通用
Arch Linux 乃通用之發行版，初始安裝僅提供命令行環境：用戶不需刪諸無用之軟件包，而可決於[官方軟件倉庫](../en/Official_repositories.html "Official repositories")眾高質之軟件包，建獨己之系統。支持 [x86-64](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/x86-64 "wikipedia:x86-64") 架構。
Arch 含小體積，易用且快速之[包管理系統](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_manager "wikipedia:Package manager") [pacman](../en/Pacman.html "Pacman")，僅單命令可更新全系統。 Arch 亦供一構建系統（[Arch build system](../en/Arch_build_system.html "Arch build system")）類端口，可輕鬆構建自源碼並安裝軟件包據此，亦可令與一命令同步。 Arch 亦供 [Arch 用戶倉庫](../en/Arch_User_Repository.html "Arch User Repository")，其含眾 [PKGBUILD](../en/PKGBUILD.html "PKGBUILD") 腳本維護自用戶，憑 [makepkg](../en/Makepkg.html "Makepkg") ，單次即可編譯並打包。用戶亦可輕鬆構建或維護獨己之軟件源。
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Arch Linux (文言文)
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歷史
|
## 歷史
Arch 社區成長成熟，Arch Linux 已成爲最受歡迎與最有影響力之 Linux 發行版之一，亦爲近數年 [關注和評論](../en/Arch_Linux_press_coverage.html "Arch Linux Press Review") 所見證。
Arch 開發者皆無餉酬，今亦無借 Arch Linux盈利之計 。欲知 Arch 開發之詳史，可閱 [Wayback Machine 之 Arch](https://web.archive.org/web/*/archlinux.org) 及 [Arch Linux 新聞存檔](https://archlinux.org/news/)。
### 始建
加拿大程序員兼吉他師 Judd Vinet 自 2001 年初，始建 Arch Linux，並於2002 年 3 月 11 日公行 0.1 版。玆啓於 [Slackware](http://www.slackware.com/)，[BSD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution "wikipedia:Berkeley Software Distribution")，[PLD Linux](https://www.pld-linux.org/) 與 [CRUX](https://crux.nu/) ，然是時玆版少軟件包管理工具。故 Vinet 立發行版同以簡潔之道，並撰 [pacman](../en/Pacman.html "Pacman") 軟件包，理軟件包之安裝、刪除與更新於自動。
### 既而
[archstats2002-2011.png](/images/6/64/Archstats2002-2011.svg "Archstats2002-2011.svg")玆表可明 Arch Linux 社區之穩步擴大。自始之日，Arch 乃樹[開放、友好及里仁之形象](https://www.osnews.com/story/4827)。
### ArchWiki 之始行
2005年7月8日，立MediaWiki 之 ArchWiki [始行](../en/ArchWiki:About.html#Early_history "ArchWiki:About")。
### A. Griffin 時代
2007 歲半，Judd Vinet 退於 Arch 之開發，並[準平授率](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=38024)於美國程序員Aaron Griffin，即 Phrakture，今猶爲 Arch 開發者。
### Arch 安裝腳本
2012年7月15日之 Arch Linux 安裝介質[棄](https://archlinux.org/news/install-media-20120715-released/)*Arch 安裝框架*（AIF）基於菜單者，轉用*Arch 安裝腳本* ([arch-install-scripts](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=arch-install-scripts))。
### Systemd 時代
2012 至 2013 年間， Arch 代 System V init 以 Systemd 。[\[1\]](https://archlinux.org/news/install-medium-20121006-introduces-systemd/)[\[2\]](https://archlinux.org/news/systemd-is-now-the-default-on-new-installations/)[\[3\]](https://archlinux.org/news/end-of-initscripts-support/)[\[4\]](https://archlinux.org/news/final-sysvinit-deprecation-warning/)
### 棄於 i686 之支持
鑑於開發者及社區，i686 架構之用式微，[i686 支持已經於 2017 年 11 月末棄用](https://archlinux.org/news/the-end-of-i686-support/) 。
### 項目統領與其所舉
2020 年初，Arch 始舉統領以新法，詳見 [DeveloperWiki:Project Leader](../DeveloperWiki:Project_Leader.html "DeveloperWiki:Project Leader")。
Aaron Griffin 辭項目統領，Arch 遂舉Levente Polyak 為新統領，所舉皆受錄於[\[5\]](https://archlinux.org/news/the-future-of-the-arch-linux-project-leader/)。
[Category](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [About Arch (文言文)](../en/Category:231fa13af74524ea5f4edbd8e6b90c69.html "Category:About Arch (文言文)")
- Retrieved from "[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Arch\_Linux\_(文言文)\&oldid=791158](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Arch_Linux_\(%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87\)\&oldid=791158)"
- This page was last edited on 26 October 2023, at 09:33.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
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Arch Linux (বাংলা)
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Intro
|
# Arch Linux (বাংলা)
\[ ] 11 languages
* [Deutsch](https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/%C3%9Cber_Arch_Linux "Über Arch Linux – Deutsch")
* [Ελληνικά](../el/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – Ελληνικά")
* [Español](../es/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – español")
* [Suomi](../fi/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – suomi")
* [Français](../fr/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – français")
* [Italiano](../it/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – italiano")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Arch_Linux "Arch Linux – 日本語")
* [Português](../pt/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – português")
* [Русский](../ru/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – русский")
* [Svenska](../sv/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux – svenska")
* [中文（简体）](https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Arch_Linux "Arch Linux – 中文（简体）")
From ArchWiki
আর্চ লিনাক্স হচ্ছে সাধারণ উদ্দেশ্যে ও স্বতন্ত্রভাবে তৈরি একটি এক্স৮৬-৬৪ [গ্নু](../en/GNU.html "GNU")/লিনাক্স ডিস্ট্রিবিউশন যেটি একটি রোলিং-রিলিজ মডেল অনুসরণের মাধ্যমে অধিকাংশ সফটওয়্যারের নতুনতম ও স্থিতিশীল সংস্করণ প্রদানের চেষ্টা করে। মূল ইন্সটলে থাকে একটি ক্ষুদ্রতম ভিত্তি সিস্টেম, যেটিতে ব্যবহারকারী শুধুমাত্র যা নিজের প্রয়োজন তা যুক্ত করেন।
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Arch Linux (বাংলা)
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মূলনীতি
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## মূলনীতি
### সরলতা
আর্চ লিনাক্স সরলতাকে সংজ্ঞায়িত করে *অপ্রয়োজনীয় সংযোজন অথবা পরিবর্তনমুক্ত* হিসেবে। এটি সফটওয়্যারকে মূল ডেভেলপাররা ([আপস্ট্রিম](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bn:%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_\(%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3\) "wikipedia:bn:আপস্ট্রিম (সফটওয়্যার নির্মাণ)")) যেভাবে প্রকাশ করে সেভাবে সরবরাহ করে, ন্যূনতম ডিস্ট্রিবিউশন-কেন্দ্রিক পরিবর্তন (ডাউনস্ট্রিম) সহ: আপস্ট্রিম কর্তৃক অগৃহীত প্যাচগুলো বর্জন করা হয়, এবং আর্চের ডাউনস্ট্রিম প্যাচগুলো প্রায় পুরোপুরিই ব্যাকপোর্ট করা বাগ ফিক্স নিয়ে গঠিত যেগুলো মূল প্রকল্পটির পরবর্তী প্রকাশনায় অচল হয়ে গেছে।
একইরকমভাবে, আর্চ ডিস্ট্রিবিউশন-কেন্দ্রিক সমস্যার মধ্যে সীমাবদ্ধ পরিবর্তন (যেমন সিস্টেম ফাইলের অবস্থান ঠিক করা) সহ আপস্ট্রিম কর্তৃক প্রদত্ত কনফিগারেশন ফাইলগুলোকে সরবরাহ করে। এটি স্বয়ংক্রিয় ফিচারগুলো যুক্ত করে না, যেমন কোন একটি প্যাকেজ শুধুমাত্র ইন্সটল করার কারণে একটি সার্ভিস সক্রিয় হওয়া। প্যাকেজগুলো কেবল তখনই বিভাজিত করা হয় যখন কোন বাধ্যবাধকতা থাকে, যেমন স্টোরেজ অপচয়ের অতিশয় খারাপ ক্ষেত্রগুলোতে ডিস্কের জায়গা সাশ্রয় করতে। জিইউআই কনফিগারেশন সরঞ্জামগুলো অফিশিয়ালভাবে প্রদান করা হয় না, অধিকাংশ সিস্টেম কনফিগারেশন শেল এবং টেক্সট এডিটরের মাধ্যমে করতে ব্যবহারকারীদের উৎসাহিত করার জন্যে।
### আধুনিকতা
আর্চ লিনাক্স তার মধ্যেকার সফটওয়্যারগুলোর সবচেয়ে নতুন ও স্থিতিশীল প্রকাশিত সংস্করণগুলো রাখার চেষ্টা করে, যতক্ষণ পর্যন্ত সিস্টেমের প্যাকেজ ভেঙে যাওয়া যুক্তিসঙ্গতভাবে এড়ানো যায়। এটি একটি [রোলিং-রিলিজ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bn:%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C "wikipedia:bn:রোলিং রিলিজ")ভিত্তিক সিস্টেম, যা আপনাকে মাত্র একবার ইন্সটলের মাধ্যমেই বারবার আপগ্রেড পেতে সাহায্য করে।
আর্চ, গ্নু/লিনাক্স ব্যবহারকারীরা পায় এমন অনেক নতুনতর সুবিধা অন্তর্ভুক্ত করেছে। এর মধ্যে রয়েছে [সিস্টেমডি](../en/Systemd.html "Systemd") ইনিট সিস্টেম, আধুনিক [ফাইল সিস্টেম](../en/File_systems.html "File systems"), এলভিএম২, সফটওয়্যার আরএআইডি, ইউডেভ সাপোর্ট ও ইনিটসিপিআইও ([এমকেইনিটসিপিআইও](../en/Mkinitcpio.html "Mkinitcpio") সহ)। পাশাপাশি আরও রয়েছে সবচেয়ে নতুন কার্নেলগুলো।
### বাস্তববাদ
আর্চ আদর্শবাদী নয়, বরং বাস্তববাদী ডিস্ট্রিবিউশন। এখানে মূলনীতি হচ্ছে শুধুমাত্র দরকারী নির্দেশিকা। চূড়ান্তভাবে, নকশার সিদ্ধান্তগুলি ডেভেলপারদের ঐকমত্যের মাধ্যমে একটি কেস-বাই-কেস ভিত্তিক পদ্ধতিতে নেওয়া হয়। প্রমাণভিত্তিক প্রযুক্তিগত বিশ্লেষণ ও বিতর্ক যাই হোক, রাজনীতি অথবা জনপ্রিয় মতামত নয়।
বিভিন্ন আর্চ লিনাক্স সংগ্রহস্থলে বিপুল সংখ্যক প্যাকেজ ও বিল্ড স্ক্রিপ্টগুলি, যারা চায় তাদের জন্যে বিনামূল্যের ও উন্মুক্ত-উৎস সফটওয়্যার সরবরাহ করে। আবার যারা আদর্শের বদলে কার্যকারিতা গ্রহণ করে তাদের জন্যে মালিকানাধীন সফটওয়্যার (বদ্ধ-উৎস সফটওয়্যার) প্যাকেজ সরবরাহ করে।
### ব্যবহারকারী কেন্দ্রিকতা
যেখানে অনেক গ্নু/লিনাক্স ডিস্ট্রিবিউশন আরও বেশি "ব্যবহারকারী-বান্ধব" হওয়ার চেষ্টা করে, সেখানে আর্চ লিনাক্স সর্বদাই "ব্যবহারকারী-কেন্দ্রিক" ছিল এবং থাকবে। ডিস্ট্রিবিউশনটি যতটা সম্ভব ব্যবহারকারীদের আকৃষ্ট করার চেয়ে বরং এতে অবদানকারীদের চাহিদা পূরণের উদ্দেশ্যে তৈরি হয়েছে। এটি দক্ষ গ্নু/লিনাক্স ব্যবহারকারী অথবা নিজে নিজে করার মনোভাব আছে এমন কেউ যে ডকুমেন্টেশন পড়তে ও নিজের সমস্যা সমাধান করতে ইচ্ছুক, তার প্রতি লক্ষ্য করে তৈরি।
সকল ব্যবহারকারীকে উৎসাহিত করা হচ্ছে ডিস্ট্রিবিউশনটিতে [অংশগ্রহণ](../en/Getting_involved.html "Getting involved") ও অবদান রাখতে। [বাগ](https://bugs.archlinux.org/) রিপোর্ট করা ও সমাধানে সাহায্য করাকে অত্যন্ত মূল্য দেওয়া হয় এবং প্যাকেজ অথবা মূল [প্রকল্পগুলিকে](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/) উন্নত করা প্যাচগুলোকে অনেক প্রশংসার চোখে দেখা হয়: আর্চের ডেভেলপাররা হচ্ছেন স্বেচ্ছাসেবক এবং সক্রিয় অবদানকারীরা প্রায়ই নিজেদেরকে সেই দলের অংশ হতে দেখবেন। *আর্চাররা* স্বাধীনভাবে [আর্চ ব্যবহারকারী সংগ্রহস্থলে](../en/Arch_User_Repository.html "Arch User Repository") অবদান রাখতে পারেন, [আর্চউইকি ডকুমেন্টেশন](../en/173d2096fd9021da1586f1d4f812f503.html "Main page (বাংলা)") উন্নত করতে পারেন, অন্যদেরকে প্রযুক্তিগত সহায়তা প্রদান করতে কিংবা [ফোরামগুলোতে](https://bbs.archlinux.org/), [ডাক তালিকায়](https://lists.archlinux.org/mailman3/lists/), অথবা [আইআরসি চ্যানেলগুলোতে](../en/Arch_IRC_channels.html "IRC channels") মতবিনিময় করতে পারেন। আর্চ লিনাক্স বিশ্বজুড়ে অনেকের পছন্দের অপারেটিং সিস্টেম, এবং বেশ কয়েকটি [আন্তর্জাতিক কমিউনিটি](../en/International_communities.html "International communities") রয়েছে যেগুলো বিভিন্ন সাহায্য ও ডকুমেন্টেশন প্রদান করে।
### বহুমুখীতা
আর্চ লিনাক্স একটি সাধারণ ব্যবহারের ডিস্ট্রিবিউশন। ইন্সটলের পর, কেবলমাত্র একটি কমান্ড-লাইন পরিবেশ প্রদান করা হয়: অপ্রয়োজনীয় এবং অযাচিত প্যাকেজগুলি ছিন্ন করার পরিবর্তে, ব্যবহারকারীকে [অফিশিয়াল সংগ্রহস্থলে](../en/Official_repositories.html "Official repositories") [এক্স৮৬-৬৪](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bn:x86-64 "wikipedia:bn:x86-64") আর্কিটেকচারের জন্যে থাকা হাজার হাজার উন্নত মানের প্যাকেজগুলোর মধ্য থেকে বেছে নেওয়ার মাধ্যমে একটি কাস্টম সিস্টেম নির্মাণ করার ক্ষমতা দেওয়া হয়।
আর্চ [প্যাকম্যান](../en/ca71515badcb04a466e7679ac4f1f11e.html "Pacman (বাংলা)") দিয়ে চলে। এটি একটি ছোট, সহজ ও দ্রুত প্যাকেজ ব্যবস্থাপক যা একটিমাত্র কমান্ডের মাধ্যমে পুরো সিস্টেম আপগ্রেড করার সুবিধা দেয়। আর্চ আরও দিচ্ছে [আর্চ বিল্ড সিস্টেম](../en/Arch_build_system.html "Arch build system") যা হচ্ছে উৎস থেকে প্যাকেজ নির্মাণ ও ইন্সটল করা সহজ করতে একটি পোর্টস-সদৃশ সিস্টেম। এটি একটি কমান্ডের মাধ্যমে সমলয়ও করা যায়। এছাড়াও, "আর্চ ব্যবহারকারী সংগ্রহস্থল"-এ [মেইকপিকেজি](../en/Makepkg.html "Makepkg") অ্যাপ্লিকেশন ব্যবহার করে ইন্সটলযোগ্য প্যাকেজগুলো উৎস কোড থেকে যান্ত্রিক কোডে রূপান্তরের জন্যে হাজার হাজার সাধারণ লোকের তৈরি [পিকেজিবিল্ড](../en/PKGBUILD.html "PKGBUILD") স্ক্রিপ্ট রয়েছে। ব্যবহারকারীদের পক্ষেও সহজেই নিজেদের সংগ্রহস্থল তৈরি ও তদারকি করা সম্ভব।
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Arch Linux (বাংলা)
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ইতিহাস
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## ইতিহাস
আর্চ সম্প্রদায় বড় হয়েছে এবং এবং সবচেয়ে জনপ্রিয় ও প্রভাবশালী লিনাক্স ডিস্ট্রিবিউশনগুলোর একটিতে পরিণত হয়েছে। এটি বছরের পর বছর ধরে প্রাপ্ত [মনোযোগ ও পর্যালোচনা](../en/Arch_Linux_press_coverage.html "Arch Linux press coverage") দ্বারা প্রমাণিতও হয়েছে।
আর্চ ডেভেলপাররা হচ্ছেন বেতনহীন, খন্ডকালীন স্বেচ্ছাসেবক এবং এটি ভবিষ্যতে অর্থের বিনিময়ে বিক্রির কোনও সম্ভাবনা নেই। তাই সকল অর্থেই এটি বিনামূল্যে থাকবে। যারা আর্চের বিকাশের ইতিহাস সম্পর্কে আরও বিশদ অনুধাবন করতে আগ্রহী তারা [ইন্টারনেট আর্কাইভ ওয়েব্যাক মেশিনে আর্চ এন্ট্রি](https://web.archive.org/web/*/archlinux.org) এবং [আর্চ লিনাক্স নিউজ আর্কাইভ](https://archlinux.org/news/) দেখতে পারেন।
### প্রারম্ভিক বছরগুলি
কানাডীয় প্রোগ্রামার জুড ভিনেট ২০০১ এর শুরুতে আর্চ লিনাক্স তৈরি শুরু করেন। এর প্রথম আনুষ্ঠানিক প্রকাশনা, আর্চ লিনাক্স ০.১, হয়েছিল ১১ ই মার্চ, ২০০২ তারিখ। স্ল্যাকওয়্যার, বিএসডি, পিএলডি লিনাক্স ও সিআরইউএক্সের সুন্দর সরলতার দ্বারা [অনুপ্রাণিত](https://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=interview-arch) হয়ে, এবং তা সত্ত্বেও সেসময়ে সেগুলোর প্যাকেজ ব্যবস্থাপনার অভাবে হতাশ হয়ে ভিনেট উক্ত ডিস্ট্রোগুলোর মত একই মূলনীতিতে তার নিজের ডিস্ট্রিবিউশন তৈরি করেন। কিন্তু, প্যাকেজ ইনস্টলেশন, অপসারণ এবং আপগ্রেড স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে পরিচালনা করতে তিনি [প্যাকম্যান](../en/ca71515badcb04a466e7679ac4f1f11e.html "Pacman (বাংলা)") নামে একটি প্যাকেজ ব্যবস্থাপনা প্রোগ্রামও লিখেছিলেন।
### মধ্যবর্তী বছরগুলি
শুরুর দিকের আর্চ সম্প্রদায় ধীরে ধীরে বৃদ্ধি পেয়েছিল যা [ফোরামে লেখালেখি, ব্যবহারকারী ও বাগ প্রতিবেদনের এই তালিকা](/images/6/64/Archstats2002-2011.svg "Archstats2002-2011.svg") দ্বারা প্রমাণিত। উপরন্তু, এটি প্রথম দিক থেকে একটি উন্মুক্ত, বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ এবং সহায়ক সম্প্রদায় হিসাবে পরিচিত ছিল।
### আর্চউইকির জন্ম
আর্চউইকি ২০০৫-০৭-০৮ তারিখে প্রথমবারের মত মিডিয়াউইকি ইঞ্জিনে [সেট আপ](../en/ArchWiki:About.html#Early_history "ArchWiki:About") করা হয়।
### এ. গ্রিফিনের যুগের আরম্ভ
২০০৭ এর শেষের দিকে, জুড ভিনেট আর্চ ডেভেলপার হিসেবে সক্রিয় অংশগ্রহণ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন, এবং এর নিয়ন্ত্রণ যুক্তরাষ্ট্রীয় প্রোগ্রামার অ্যারন গ্রিফিনের কাছে [সহজেই স্থানান্তর](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=38024) করেন, যিনি *Phrakture* হিসেবেও পরিচিত ছিলেন।
### আর্চ ইন্সটল স্ক্রিপ্টস
ইন্সটল ইমেজের ২০১২-০৭-১৫ প্রকাশনাটি মেনু-চালিত *Arch Installation Framework* (এআইএফ) [প্রত্যাখ্যান করে](https://archlinux.org/news/install-media-20120715-released/) এবং *Arch Install Scripts* ([arch-install-scripts](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=arch-install-scripts)) গ্রহণ করে।
### সিস্টেমডি যুগ
২০১২ ও ২০১৩ এর মাঝামাঝিতে প্রচলিত সিস্টেম ভি ইনিট সিস্টেমের বদলে সিস্টেমডি ব্যবহার চালু করা হয়।[\[1\]](https://archlinux.org/news/install-medium-20121006-introduces-systemd/)[\[2\]](https://archlinux.org/news/systemd-is-now-the-default-on-new-installations/)[\[3\]](https://archlinux.org/news/end-of-initscripts-support/)[\[4\]](https://archlinux.org/news/final-sysvinit-deprecation-warning/)
### আই৬৮৬ এর সাপোর্ট বাতিল
২০১৭-০১-২৫ তারিখে [ঘোষণা](https://archlinux.org/news/phasing-out-i686-support/) করা হয় যে ডেভেলপার ও ব্যবহারকারীদের মধ্যে ক্রমহ্রাসমান জনপ্রিয়তার কারণে আই৬৮৬ আর্কিটেকচারের সাপোর্ট পর্যায়ক্রমে বাতিল করা হবে। [নভেম্বর ২০১৭-এর শেষের](https://archlinux.org/news/the-end-of-i686-support/) দিকে সকল আই৬৮৬ প্যাকেজ মিররগুলি থেকে সরিয়ে ফেলা হয়।
### প্রকল্প নেতার ভূমিকার পর্যালোচনা ও নির্বাচন
২০২০ সালের শুরুতে, আর্চ লিনাক্স কর্মীরা একটি দলীয় প্রচেষ্টায় ভবিষ্যতের নেতাদের নির্ধারণের জন্য একটি নতুন প্রক্রিয়া তৈরি করেন, যা [ডেভেলপারউইকি:প্রকল্প নেতায়](../DeveloperWiki:Project_Leader.html "DeveloperWiki:Project Leader") নথিভুক্ত করা হয়েছে।
অ্যারন গ্রিফিন যেহেতু তাঁর ভূমিকা থেকে সরে দাঁড়ানোর সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছিলেন, তার বদলে নতুন একজনকে নির্বাচন করার জন্য ভোটগ্রহণের আয়োজন করা হয়েছিল। ২০২০-০২-২৪ তারিখে লেভেন্টে পোলইয়াকের নির্বাচনকে স্বীকৃতি দিয়ে এর ফলাফল [প্রকাশিত](https://archlinux.org/news/the-future-of-the-arch-linux-project-leader/) হয়।
[Category](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
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Installation guide (Slovenščina)
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Intro
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# Installation guide (Slovenščina)
\[ ] 18 languages
* [Български](../bg/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide – български")
* [Deutsch](https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/Arch_Install_Scripts "Arch Install Scripts – Deutsch")
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From ArchWiki
**Translation Status:** This article is a localized version of [Installation guide](../en/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide"). Last translation date: 2022-10-03. You can help to synchronize the translation, if there were [changes](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Installation_guide\&diff=0\&oldid=750951) in the English version.
Ta dokument je vodnik za namestitev [Arch Linuxa](../en/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux") z uporabo "živega sistema" (ang. live system). Tega zapečemo z uradne namestitvene slike na t. i. namestitveni medij, kar je lahko npr. USB ključek. Sistem vsebuje funkcije dostopnosti, ki so opisane na strani [Install Arch Linux with accessibility options](../en/Install_Arch_Linux_with_accessibility_options.html "Install Arch Linux with accessibility options"). Za alternativne načine namestitve glejte [Category:Installation process](../en/Category:Installation_process.html "Category:Installation process").
Pred namestitvijo je priporočljivo pregledati [pogosto zastavljena vprašanja](../en/Frequently_asked_questions.html "Frequently asked questions (Slovenščina)"). Za konvencije, uporabljene v tem dokumentu, glejte [Help:Reading](../en/Help:Reading.html "Help:Reading"). Še posebej morate biti pozorni pri primerih kode (te so oblikovani `tako`).
Za podrobnejša navodila glejte ustrezne članke na tem wikiju ali si preberite ustrezno [man stran](../en/Man_page.html "Man page") relevantnega programa (oboje se v tem vodniku navaja). Za bolj interaktivno pomoč so na voljo tudi [IRC kanal](../en/Arch_IRC_channels.html "IRC channel") in [forumi](https://bbs.archlinux.org/).
Arch Linux načeloma deluje na kateremkoli [x86\_64](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64 "wikipedia:X86-64")-kompatibilnem računalniku z najmanj 512 MiB RAM-a, čeprav je za zagon živega sistema za namestitev potrebno več pomnilnika.[\[1\]](https://lists.archlinux.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/D5HSGOFTPGYI6IZUEB3ZNAX4D3F3ID37/) Osnovna namestitev naj bi zasedla manj kot 2 GiB prostora na disku. Ker mora postopek namestitve pridobiti pakete iz oddaljenega repozitorija, ta vodnik predpostavlja, da je na voljo delujoča povezava do Interneta.
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Installation guide (Slovenščina)
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Pred namestitvijo
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## Pred namestitvijo
### Pridobitev namestitvene slike
Obiščite stran [Download](https://archlinux.org/download/) in glede na način zagona pridobite datoteko ISO ali sliko netboot ter ustrezen podpis [GnuPG](../en/GnuPG.html "GnuPG"). Če Arch Linux nameščate prvič, po vsej verjetnosti iščete ISO datoteko, ki jo najpreprosteje prenesete preko enega izmed fizično bližnjih zrcalnih repozitorijev, ki so navedeni na isti strani spodaj. Datoteka bo v obliki `archlinux-različica-x86_64.iso`*.*
### Preverite podpis
Pred uporabo je priporočljivo preveriti podpis namestitvene slike, zlasti pri prenosu iz *HTTP zrcal*, kjer se lahko zgodi, da je bil prenos prestrežen ter ste prejeli [zlonamerno sliko](https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/stork/packagemanagersecurity/attacks-on-package-managers.html).
V sistemu z nameščenim [GnuPG](../en/GnuPG.html "GnuPG") to storite tako, da prenesete podpis *ISO PGP* ([pod Checksums na strani Download](https://archlinux.org/download/#checksums)) v direktorij, kjer se nahaja prenesen ISO, in ga [preverite](../en/GnuPG.html#Verify_a_signature "GnuPG"):
```
$ gpg --keyserver-options auto-key-retrieve --verify archlinux-različica-x86_64.iso.sig
```
Druga možnost je, da iz obstoječe namestitve Arch Linuxa zaženete:
```
$ pacman-key -v archlinux-različica-x86_64.iso.sig
```
**Note:**
* Sam podpis je lahko prirejen, če ga prenesete z zrcalnega spletišča namesto s [archlinux.org](https://archlinux.org/download/), kot je navedeno zgoraj. V tem primeru poskrbite, da je javni ključ, ki se uporablja za dešifriranje podpisa, podpisan z drugim, zaupanja vrednim ključem. Ukaz `gpg` bo prikazal prstni odtis (ang. fingerprint) javnega ključa.
* Druga metoda za preverjanje pristnosti podpisa je, da se prepričate, da je prstni odtis javnega ključa enak prstnemu odtisu ključa [Arch Linux razvijalca](https://archlinux.org/people/developers/), ki je podpisal datoteko ISO. Za več informacij o kriptografiji javnega ključa glejte [Wikipedia:Public-key cryptography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography "wikipedia:Public-key cryptography").
### Pripravite namestitveni medij
Namestitveno sliko lahko na ciljnemu računalniku poženete preko [USB ključka](../en/USB_flash_installation_medium.html "USB flash installation medium"), [optičnega diska](../en/Optical_disc_drive.html#Burning "Optical disc drive") ali omrežja z uporabo [PXE](../en/Preboot_Execution_Environment.html "PXE"): sledite ustreznemu članku, da iz izbrane slike sami pripravite namestitveni medij.
### Zaženite živo okolje
**Note:** Namestitvene slike Arch Linuxa ne podpirajo [UEFI opcije Secure Boot](../en/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface/Secure_Boot.html "Unified Extensible Firmware Interface/Secure Boot"). Za zagon namestitvenega medija boste morali [onemogočiti Secure Boot](../en/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface/Secure_Boot.html#Disabling_Secure_Boot "Unified Extensible Firmware Interface/Secure Boot"). Če želite, lahko [Secure Boot](../en/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface/Secure_Boot.html "Secure Boot") spet omogočite po končani namestitvi.
1. Kot trenutno zagonsko napravo izberite tisto, na kateri je namestitveni medij Arch Linuxa. Običajno to dosežemo s pritiskom tipke ob zagonu računalnika med fazo [POST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POST "wikipedia:POST"), ko se na zaslonu prikaže logotip proizvajalca matične plošče. Za podrobnosti glejte priročnik vaše matične plošče.
2. Ko se prikaže meni za zagonski nalagalnik (ang. bootloader) namestitvenega medija, izberite *Arch Linux install medium* in pritisnite tipko `Enter`, da vstopite v okolje za namestitev.
**Tip:** Namestitvena slika uporablja [GRUB](../en/GRUB.html "GRUB") za UEFI in [syslinux](../en/Syslinux.html "Syslinux") za BIOS. Za seznam [zagonskih parametrov](../en/Kernel_parameters.html#Configuration "Kernel parameters") glejte [README.bootparams](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/mkinitcpio/mkinitcpio-archiso/blob/master/docs/README.bootparams).
3. V prvo [virtualno konzolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_console "wikipedia:Virtual console") boste prijavljeni kot uporabnik root in prikazan vam bo poziv lupine [Zsh](../en/Zsh.html "Zsh").
Če želite preklopiti na drugo konzolo - na primer za ogled tega vodnika s spletnim brskalnikom [Lynx](https://lynx.invisible-island.net/lynx_help/Lynx_users_guide.html) - uporabite [bližnjico](../en/Keyboard_shortcuts.html "Keyboard shortcuts") `Alt+puščica`. Za [urejanje](../en/Help:Reading.html#Append,_add,_create,_edit "Textedit") konfiguracijskih datotek ter ostalih tekstovnih datotek so na voljo [mcedit(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/mcedit.1), [nano](../en/Nano.html#Usage "Nano") in [vim](../en/Vim.html#Usage "Vim"). Za seznam paketov, vključenih v namestitveni medij, glejte [pkglist.x86\_64.txt](https://geo.mirror.pkgbuild.com/iso/latest/arch/pkglist.x86_64.txt).
### Nastavitev postavitve tipkovnice konzole
Privzeta [postavitev tipkovnice](../en/Linux_console/Keyboard_configuration.html "Console keymap") je [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KB_United_States-NoAltGr.svg "wikipedia:File:KB United States-NoAltGr.svg"). Razpoložljive postavitve lahko naštejete z:
```
# ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/**/*.map.gz
```
Če želite nastaviti razporeditev tipkovnice, v ukaz [loadkeys(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/loadkeys.1) podajte ime ustrezne datoteke, pri čemer izpustite pot in končnico datoteke. Na primer, če želite nastaviti [slovensko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KB_Slovene.svg "wikipedia:File:KB Slovene.svg") razporeditev tipkovnice:
```
# loadkeys slovene
```
[Fonti za konzolo](../en/Linux_console.html#Fonts "Console fonts") se nahajajo v `/usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/` in jih lahko prav tako nastavite s [setfont(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/setfont.8).
### Preverite načina zagona
Preden nadaljujete je priporočeno preveriti zagonski način. To storite tako, da preverite direktorij [efivars](../en/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface.html#UEFI_variables "Efivars"):
```
# ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
```
Če ukaz prikaže direktorij brez napake, je sistem zagnan v načinu UEFI. Če direktorij ne obstaja, je sistem morda zagnan v načinu [BIOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS "wikipedia:BIOS") (ali [CSM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compatibility_Support_Module "wikipedia:Compatibility Support Module")). Če se sistem ni zagnal v želenem načinu, glejte priročnik za osnovno ploščo.
### Povežite se z Internetom
Če želite vzpostaviti omrežno povezavo v živem okolju, lahko poskusite naslednje korake:
* Prepričajte se, da je vaš [omrežni vmesnik](../en/Network_configuration.html#Network_interfaces "Network interface") omogočen in izbran, na primer z [ip-link(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/ip-link.8):
```
# ip link
```
* Če uporabljate brezžično omrežje ali WWAN, se prepričajte, da kartica ni blokirana z [rfkill](../en/Network_configuration/Wireless.html#Rfkill_caveat "Rfkill").
* Povežite se z omrežjem:
* Ethernet - priključite kabel.
* Wi-Fi - prijavite se v brezžično omrežje z uporabo [iwctl](../en/Iwd.html#iwctl "Iwctl").
* Mobilni širokopasovni modem - povežite se z mobilnim omrežjem z orodjem [mmcli](../en/Mobile_broadband_modem.html#ModemManager "Mmcli").
* Konfigurirajte omrežno povezavo:
* [DHCP](../en/Network_configuration.html#Network_managers "DHCP"): dinamično dodeljevanje naslovov IP in strežnikov DNS (ki ju zagotavljata [systemd-networkd](../en/Systemd-networkd.html "Systemd-networkd") in [systemd-resolved](../en/Systemd-resolved.html "Systemd-resolved")) bi moralo delovati takoj po namestitvi za omrežne vmesnike Ethernet, WLAN in WWAN brez dodatnih korakov.
* Statični naslov IP: sledite [Network configuration#Static IP address](../en/Network_configuration.html#Static_IP_address "Network configuration").
* Povezavo do Interneta lahko preverite s funkcijo [ping](../en/Network_configuration.html#Ping "Ping"):
```
# ping archlinux.org
```
**Note:** V namestitveni sliki so [systemd-networkd](../en/Systemd-networkd.html "Systemd-networkd"), [systemd-resolved](../en/Systemd-resolved.html "Systemd-resolved"), [iwd](../en/Iwd.html "Iwd") in [ModemManager](../en/Mobile_broadband_modem.html#ModemManager "ModemManager") privzeto nastavljeni in omogočeni. V privzeto nameščenem sistemu to ne bo veljalo.
### Posodobitev sistemske ure
V živem okolju je [systemd-timesyncd](../en/Systemd-timesyncd.html "Systemd-timesyncd") privzeto omogočen: čas se bo samodejno sinhroniziral, ko bo vzpostavljena povezava z Internetom.
Uporabite [timedatectl(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/timedatectl.1), da zagotovite točnost sistemske ure:
```
# timedatectl status
```
### Particioniranje diskov
Ko živi sistem prepozna diske, so ti dodeljeni posameznim [blokovnim napravam](../en/Device_file.html#Block_devices "Block device"), ki so poimenovane kot npr. `/dev/sda`, `/dev/nvme0n1`, `/dev/mmcblk0`. Da prepoznate svoje diske, uporabite [lsblk](../en/Device_file.html#lsblk "Lsblk") ali [fdisk](../en/Fdisk.html "Fdisk"):
```
# fdisk -l
```
Rezultati, ki se končajo z `rom`, `loop` ali `airoot`, lahko zavoljo tega koraka prezrete.
Naslednje [particije](../en/Partitioning.html "Partition") so **obvezne** za izbrano napravo, na kateri boste namestili Arch:
* Ena particija za [root direktorij](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_directory "wikipedia:Root directory") `/`.
* Pri zagonu v načinu [UEFI](../en/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface.html "UEFI"): [sistemska particija EFI](../en/EFI_system_partition.html "EFI system partition").
Če želite katerekoli uporabljene diske urediti v [LVM](../en/LVM.html "LVM"), [RAID](../en/RAID.html "RAID"), ali jih [šifrirati](../en/Dm-crypt.html "Dm-crypt"), to storite zdaj. Kasneje na nameščenem sistemu je sicer vse našteto še vedno možno, vendar dosti bolj mukotrpno kot sedaj, ko so vaši diski še prazni.
Uporabite [fdisk](../en/Fdisk.html "Fdisk") ali [parted](../en/Parted.html "Parted") za spreminjanje particijskih tabel. Na primer:
```
# fdisk /dev/izbrani_disk
```
**Note:**
* Če se disk ne prikaže, [preverite, da diskovni krmilnik ni v načinu RAID](../en/Partitioning.html#Drives_are_not_visible_when_firmware_RAID_is_enabled "Partitioning").
* Če je na disku, s katerega želite zagnati [že sistemska particija EFI](../en/EFI_system_partition.html#Check_for_an_existing_partition "EFI system partition"), ne ustvarite nove, temveč uporabite obstoječo particijo.
* Namesto [swap](../en/Swap.html "Swap") particije lahko uporabite [swap datoteko](../en/Swap.html#Swap_file "Swap file") za datotečne sisteme, ki to podpirajo.
#### Primeri particijskih tabel
| Priključna točka | Particija | [Vrsta particije](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table#Partition_type_GUIDs "wikipedia:GUID Partition Table") | Priporočena velikost |
| ---------------- | ------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| `/mnt/boot`1 | `/dev/sistemska_particija_EFI` | [sistemska particija EFI](../en/EFI_system_partition.html "EFI system partition") | Vsaj 300 MiB |
| `[SWAP]` | `/dev/swap_particija` | Linux swap | Več kot 512 MiB |
| `/mnt` | `/dev/root_particija` | Linux x86-64 root (/) | Preostanek diska |
1. [Druge priključne točke](../en/EFI_system_partition.html#Typical_mount_points "EFI system partition"), kot je `/mnt/efi`, so možne, dokler je uporabljeni zagonski nalagalnik sposoben naložiti slike jedra in initramfs iz root particije. Glejte opozorilo [Arch boot process#Boot loader](../en/Arch_boot_process.html#Boot_loader "Arch boot process").
| Priključna točka | Particija | [Vrsta particije](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_type "wikipedia:Partition type") | Priporočena velikost |
| ---------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------- |
| `[SWAP]` | `/dev/swap_particija`} | Linux swap | Več kot 512 MiB |
| `/mnt` | `/dev/root_particija`} | Linux | Preostanek naprave |
Oglejte si tudi [Partitioning#Example layouts](../en/Partitioning.html#Example_layouts "Partitioning").
### Formatirajte particije
Ko so particije ustvarjene, je treba vsako novo ustvarjeno particijo formatirati z ustreznim [datotečnim sistemom](../en/File_systems.html "File system"). Za podrobnosti glejte [File system#Create a file system](../en/File_systems.html#Create_a_file_system "File system").
Če želite na primer ustvariti datotečni sistem Ext4 na `/dev/root_particija`, zaženite:
```
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/root_particija
```
Če ste ustvarili particijo za [swap](../en/Swap.html "Swap"), jo inicializirajte z [mkswap(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/mkswap.8):
```
# mkswap /dev/swap_particija
```
**Note:** Če ste ustvarili [LVM](../en/LVM.html "LVM"), [RAID](../en/RAID.html "RAID") ali [šifrirane](../en/Dm-crypt.html "Dm-crypt") naprave, morate uporabiti pot, ki jo ponuja vmesnik, na primer pri [dm-crypt](../en/Dm-crypt.html "Dm-crypt") je ta oblike `/dev/mapper/ime`.
Če ste ustvarili sistemsko particijo EFI, jo [formatirajte](../en/EFI_system_partition.html#Format_the_partition "EFI system partition") v FAT32 z uporabo [mkfs.fat(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/mkfs.fat.8).
**Warning:** Sistemsko particijo EFI formatirajte le, če ste jo ustvarili v koraku particioniranja. Če je bila sistemska particija EFI na disku že prej, lahko njeno formatiranje uniči nalagalnike drugih že nameščenih operacijskih sistemov.
```
# mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/sistemska_particija_efi
```
### Priključite datotečne sisteme
[Priključite](../en/File_systems.html#Mount_a_file_system "Mount") root particijo na `/mnt`. Na primer, če je korenska particija `/dev/root_particija`:
```
# mount /dev/root_particija /mnt
```
Ustvarite vse preostale priključne točke (na primer `/mnt/efi`) in priključite ustrezne particije.
**Tip:** Zaženite [mount(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/mount.8) z možnostjo `--mkdir`, da ustvarite določeno priključno točko. Lahko pa jo ustvarite tudi prej z uporabo [mkdir(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/mkdir.1).
Pri sistemih UEFI priključite sistemsko particijo EFI:
```
# mount --mkdir /dev/sistemska_particija_efi /mnt/boot
```
Če ste ustvarili [swap](../en/Swap.html "Swap") particijo, jo omogočite s [swapon(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/swapon.8):
```
# swapon /dev/swap_particija
```
[genfstab(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/genfstab.8) bo pozneje zaznal nameščene datotečne sisteme in swap prostor.
|
Installation guide (Slovenščina)
|
Namestitev
|
## Namestitev
### Izberite zrcala
Paketi, ki jih je treba namestiti, morajo biti preneseni z [zrcalnih strežnikov](/index.php?title=Zrcala\&action=edit\&redlink=1 "Zrcala (page does not exist)"), ki so določeni v `/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist`. V živem sistemu [reflector](../en/Reflector.html "Reflector") po vzpostavitvi povezave z Internetom posodobi seznam zrcal tako, da izbere 20 nazadnje sinhroniziranih zrcal HTTPS in jih razvrsti po hitrosti prenosa.
Čim višje je zrcalo na seznamu, tem večjo prednost ima pri prenosu paketa. Morda boste želeli pregledati datoteko in preveriti, ali je zadovoljiva. Če ni, datoteko ustrezno [uredite](../en/Help:Reading.html#Append,_add,_create,_edit "Textedit") in geografsko najbližja zrcala premaknite na vrh seznama, čeprav je treba upoštevati tudi druga merila.
To datoteko bo pozneje *pacstrap* kopiral v novi sistem, zato se z njo splača ukvarjati, čeprav je ponavadi že privzeta različica dovolj dobra.
### Namestite ključne pakete
Uporabite skripto [pacstrap(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/pacstrap.8) za namestitev paketa [base](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=base), jedra Linux [kernel](../en/Kernel.html "Kernel") in vdelane programske opreme za običajno strojno opremo:
```
# pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux linux-firmware
```
**Tip:**
* Paket [linux](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=linux) lahko nadomestite z izbranim [kernel](../en/Kernel.html "Kernel") paketom ali pa ga pri namestitvi v [kontejner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_\(virtualization\) "wikipedia:Container (virtualization)") v celoti izpustite.
* Pri namestitvi v virtualko ali kontejner lahko izpustite namestitev paketa vdelane programske opreme.
Paket [base](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=base) ne vključuje vseh orodij iz živega okolja, zato bo za popolnoma delujoč osnovni sistem morda potrebna namestitev drugih paketov. Predvsem razmislite o namestitvi:
* uporabniških pripomočkov za upravljanje [datotečnih sistemov](../en/File_systems.html "File system"), ki se bodo uporabljali v sistemu,
* pripomočkov za dostop do [RAID](../en/RAID.html "RAID") ali [LVM](../en/LVM.html "LVM") naprav,
* posebne vdelane programske opreme za druge naprave, ki niso vključene v [linux-firmware](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=linux-firmware) (npr. [sof-firmware](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=sof-firmware) za [zvočne kartice](../en/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture.html#ALSA_firmware "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture")),
* programske opreme, potrebne za [omrežje](../en/Network_configuration.html "Networking") (npr. upravitelj omrežja ali odjemalec DHCP),
* [urejevalnik besedila](../en/List_of_applications/Documents.html#Text_editors "Text editor"),
* paketi za dostop do dokumentacije na straneh [man](../en/Man_page.html "Man") in [info](../en/GNU.html#Texinfo "Info"): [man-db](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=man-db), [man-pages](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=man-pages) in [texinfo](https://archlinux.org/packages/?name=texinfo).
Če želite [namestiti](../en/Help:Reading.html#Installation_of_packages "Install") druge pakete ali skupine paketov, dodajte imena zgornjemu ukazu *pacstrap* (ločeno s presledki) ali uporabite [pacman](../en/Pacman.html "Pacman"), medtem ko ste [priklopljeni v nov sistem](#Chroot). Za primerjavo lahko pakete, ki so na voljo v živem sistemu, najdete v [pkglist.x86\_64.txt](https://geo.mirror.pkgbuild.com/iso/latest/arch/pkglist.x86_64.txt).
|
Installation guide (Slovenščina)
|
Konfiguracija sistema
|
## Konfiguracija sistema
### Fstab
Ustvarite datoteko [fstab](../en/Fstab.html "Fstab") (uporabite `-U` ali `-L` za opredelitev po [UUID](../en/Persistent_block_device_naming.html#by-uuid "UUID") ali oznakah):
```
# genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
```
Preverite nastalo datoteko `/mnt/etc/fstab` in jo v primeru napak [uredite](../en/Help:Reading.html#Append,_add,_create,_edit "Textedit").
### Chroot
[Spremenite korenski direktorij](../en/Chroot.html "Change root") v nov sistem:
```
# arch-chroot /mnt
```
### Časovni pas
Nastavite [časovni pas](../en/System_time.html#Time_zone "Time zone"):
```
# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Regija/Mesto /etc/localtime
```
Slovenska časovna se na primer nahaja na `/usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Ljubljana`. Zaženi [hwclock(8)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/hwclock.8) za ustvarjanje `/etc/adjtime`:
```
# hwclock --systohc
```
Ta ukaz predpostavlja, da je strojna ura nastavljena na [UTC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC "wikipedia:UTC"). Za podrobnosti glejte [System time#Time standard](../en/System_time.html#Time_standard "System time").
### Lokalizacija
[Uredite](../en/Help:Reading.html#Append,_add,_create,_edit "Textedit") `/etc/locale.gen` in odkomentirajte `en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8` in druge potrebne [Locale](../en/Locale.html "Locale")-e, na primer `sl_SI.UTF-8 UTF-8`. Izbrane lokalizacije ustvarite tako, da zaženete:
```
# locale-gen
```
[Ustvarite](../en/Help:Reading.html#Append,_add,_create,_edit "Create") datoteko [locale.conf(5)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/locale.conf.5) in [ustrezno nastavi spremenljivko LANG](../en/Locale.html#Setting_the_system_locale "Locale"):
```
/etc/locale.conf
```
```
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
```
Če ste [spremenili postavitev tipkovnice konzole](#Nastavitev_postavitve_tipkovnice_konzole), lahko naredite spremembo trajno v [vconsole.conf(5)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/vconsole.conf.5):
```
/etc/vconsole.conf
```
```
KEYMAP=slovene
```
### Konfiguracija omrežja
[Ustvarite](../en/Help:Reading.html#Append,_add,_create,_edit "Create") datoteko z [imenom naprave](../en/Network_configuration.html#Set_the_hostname "Hostname"):
```
/etc/hostname
```
```
ime_naprave
```
Dokončajte [konfiguracijo omrežja](../en/Network_configuration.html "Network configuration") na novo nameščenem sistemu. To lahko vključuje namestitev ustrezne programske opreme za [upravljanje omrežja](../en/Network_configuration.html#Network_management "Network management").
### Initramfs
Ustvarjanje novega *initramfs* običajno ni potrebno, ker je bil [mkinitcpio](../en/Mkinitcpio.html "Mkinitcpio") zagnan ob namestitvi paketa [base](../en/Base.html "Base") s *pacstrap*.
Za [LVM](../en/Install_Arch_Linux_on_LVM.html#Adding_mkinitcpio_hooks "Install Arch Linux on LVM"), [šifriranje sistema](../en/Dm-crypt.html "Dm-crypt") ali [RAID](../en/RAID.html#Configure_mkinitcpio "RAID") primerno spremenite [mkinitcpio.conf(5)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/mkinitcpio.conf.5) in ponovno ustvarite sliko initramfs:
```
# mkinitcpio -P
```
### Geslo uporabnika root
Uporabniku root nastavite [geslo](../en/Users_and_groups.html#User_database "Password"):
```
# passwd
```
### Zagonski nalagalnik
Izberite in namestite [zagonski nalagalnik](../en/Arch_boot_process.html#Boot_loader "Boot loader"), ki podpira Linux. Če imate procesor Intel ali AMD, omogočite tudi posodobitve [mikrokode](../en/Microcode.html "Microcode").
|
Installation guide (Slovenščina)
|
Ponovni zagon
|
## Ponovni zagon
Zapustite okolje chroot tako, da vtipkate `exit` ali pritisnete `Ctrl+d`.
Po želji ročno odključite vse particije z `umount -R /mnt`: tako lahko opazite vse "zaposlene" particije in s [fuser(1)](https://man.archlinux.org/man/fuser.1) ugotovite vzrok.
Na koncu ponovno zaženite računalnik z vnosom ukaza `reboot`: vse še vedno priključene particije bo *systemd* samodejno odključil. Ne pozabite odstraniti namestitvenega medija in se nato prijavite v novi sistem z uporabnikom root.
|
Installation guide (Slovenščina)
|
Po namestitvi
|
## Po namestitvi
Glejte [Splošna priporočila](../en/c77cbf16bff354631397d0124d41340e.html "General recommendations (Slovenščina)") za navodila za upravljanje sistema in navodila po namestitvi (kot so ustvarjanje neprivilegiranih uporabniških računov, nastavitev grafičnega uporabniškega vmesnika, zvoka ali touchpad-a).
Za seznam aplikacij, ki bi vas lahko zanimale, glejte [List of applications](../en/List_of_applications.html "List of applications").
[Category](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Installation process (Slovenščina)](../en/Category:0db064e503114d1a2d2ec667c4d6b2b3.html "Category:Installation process (Slovenščina)")
- Retrieved from "[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Installation\_guide\_(Slovenščina)\&oldid=799259](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Installation_guide_\(Sloven%C5%A1%C4%8Dina\)\&oldid=799259)"
- This page was last edited on 1 February 2024, at 18:06.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
- 
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Main page (Slovenščina)
|
Intro
|
# Main page (Slovenščina)
\[ ] 31 languages
* [العربية](../ar/Main_page.html "Main page – العربية")
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* [Deutsch](https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/Hauptseite "Hauptseite – Deutsch")
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* [Slovenčina](../sk/Main_page.html "Main page – slovenčina")
* [Српски / srpski](../sr/Main_page.html "Main page – српски / srpski")
* [Svenska](../sv/Main_page.html "Main page – svenska")
* [ไทย](../th/Main_page.html "Main page – ไทย")
* [Türkçe](../tr/Main_page.html "Main page – Türkçe")
* [Українська](../uk/Main_page.html "Main page – українська")
* [中文（简体）](https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Main_page "Main page – 中文（简体）")
* [中文（繁體）](../zh-hant/Main_page.html "Main page – 中文（繁體）")
From ArchWiki
**Translation Status:** This article is a localized version of [Main page](../en/Main_page.html "Main page"). Last translation date: 2022-10-03. You can help to synchronize the translation, if there were [changes](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Main_page\&diff=0\&oldid=676510) in the English version.
**Dobrodošli na [ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html "ArchWiki"): vaš vir Arch Linux dokumentacije na spletu.**
Za seznam kategorij člankov obiščite [kazalo vsebine](../en/Table_of_contents.html "Table of contents (Slovenščina)").
|
Main page (Slovenščina)
|
Distribucija
|
## Distribucija
* [Arch Linux](../en/23d7b5888bfa02512cf6f5062c23a0ed.html "Arch Linux (Slovenščina)")
Pregled Arch Linuxa, ki opisuje, kaj lahko pričakujete od Arch Linux sistema.
- [Pogosto zastavljena vprašanja](../en/Frequently_asked_questions.html "Frequently asked questions (Slovenščina)")
Omembe vredna vprašanja ter dejstva o distribuciji.
* [Arch Linux v primerjavi z drugimi distribucijami](../en/Arch_compared_to_other_distributions.html "Arch compared to other distributions (Slovenščina)")
Povzetek pomembnih razlik in podobnosti med Arch Linuxom ter ostalimi Linux distribucijami.
- [Namestitveni priročnik](../en/e6399c766118a6ebaefea55206524215.html "Installation guide (Slovenščina)")
Vodnik po namestitvi Arch Linuxa.
* [Splošna priporočila](../en/c77cbf16bff354631397d0124d41340e.html "General recommendations (Slovenščina)")
Seznam opravil, ki jih je priporočeno opraviti po namestitvi Arch Linuxa.
- [Seznam aplikacij](../en/List_of_applications.html "List of applications (Slovenščina)")
Kategoriziran seznam pogosto uporabljenih uradnih ter AUR paketov.
|
Main page (Slovenščina)
|
Naša skupnost
|
## Naša skupnost
* [Kodeks ravnanja](../en/27ac39c4f7b5d57e5737ed45ff21b4cf.html "Code of conduct (Slovenščina)")
Smernice Arch skupnosti.
- [Sodelovanje](../en/Getting_involved.html "Getting involved (Slovenščina)")
Opis raznih načinov, kako lahko uporabniki prispevajo k skupnost.
* [Mednarodne skupnosti](../en/International_communities.html "International communities (Slovenščina)")
Zbirka povezav do drugih Arch skupnosti po vsem svetu.
- [Arch IRC kanali](../en/Arch_IRC_channels.html "Arch IRC channels (Slovenščina)")
Podružite se s kolegi Archerji.
|
Main page (Slovenščina)
|
Interakcija z wikijem
|
## Interakcija z wikijem
* [Branje](../en/Help:Reading.html "Help:Reading")
Pomoč pri razumevanju navodil nekaterih člankov.
- [Brskanje](../en/Help:Browsing.html "Help:Browsing")
Kako iskati po wikiju, najti sorodne članki in brskati po njem brez povezave do Interneta.
* [Prispevanje](../en/ArchWiki:Contributing.html "ArchWiki:Contributing")
Začetna točka za tiste, ki bi radi prispevali k wikiju.
- [Urejanje](../en/Help:Editing.html "Help:Editing")
Navodila za urejanje člankov in uvod v tekstovno sintakso wikija.
[Category](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [Slovenščina](../en/Category:1d5d7338ee1acd7e404e129703d24894.html "Category:Slovenščina")
- Retrieved from "[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Main\_page\_(Slovenščina)\&oldid=799474](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Main_page_\(Sloven%C5%A1%C4%8Dina\)\&oldid=799474)"
- This page was last edited on 1 February 2024, at 18:47.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
- 
* Toggle limited content width
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Main page (हिन्दी)
|
Intro
|
# Main page (हिन्दी)
\[ ] 31 languages
* [العربية](../ar/Main_page.html "Main page – العربية")
* [Български](../bg/Main_page.html "Main page – български")
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* [Čeština](../cs/Main_page.html "Main page – čeština")
* [Dansk](../da/Main_page.html "Main page – dansk")
* [Deutsch](https://wiki.archlinux.de/title/Hauptseite "Hauptseite – Deutsch")
* [Ελληνικά](../el/Main_page.html "Main page – Ελληνικά")
* [English](../en/Main_page.html "Main page – English")
* [Español](../es/Main_page.html "Main page – español")
* [Suomi](../fi/Main_page.html "Main page – suomi")
* [Français](../fr/Main_page.html "Main page – français")
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* [Hrvatski](../hr/Main_page.html "Main page – hrvatski")
* [Magyar](../hu/Main_page.html "Main page – magyar")
* [Bahasa Indonesia](../id/Main_page.html "Main page – Bahasa Indonesia")
* [Italiano](../it/Main_page.html "Main page – italiano")
* [日本語](https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8 "メインページ – 日本語")
* [한국어](../ko/Main_page.html "Main page – 한국어")
* [Lietuvių](../lt/Main_page.html "Main page – lietuvių")
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* [Polski](../pl/Main_page.html "Main page – polski")
* [Português](../pt/Main_page.html "Main page – português")
* [Русский](../ru/Main_page.html "Main page – русский")
* [Slovenčina](../sk/Main_page.html "Main page – slovenčina")
* [Српски / srpski](../sr/Main_page.html "Main page – српски / srpski")
* [Svenska](../sv/Main_page.html "Main page – svenska")
* [ไทย](../th/Main_page.html "Main page – ไทย")
* [Türkçe](../tr/Main_page.html "Main page – Türkçe")
* [Українська](../uk/Main_page.html "Main page – українська")
* [中文（简体）](https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Main_page "Main page – 中文（简体）")
* [中文（繁體）](../zh-hant/Main_page.html "Main page – 中文（繁體）")
From ArchWiki
**[ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html "ArchWiki") में आपका स्वागत है: वेब पर आर्क लिनक्स दस्तावेज के लिए आपका स्रोत।**
लेख श्रेणियों की सूची के लिए [Table of contents](../en/Table_of_contents.html "Table of contents") पर जाएं।
|
Main page (हिन्दी)
|
वितरण
|
## वितरण
* [Arch Linux](../en/Arch_Linux.html "Arch Linux")
आर्क लिनक्स का अवलोकन जो आर्क लिनक्स सिस्टम से उम्मीद करता है।
- [Frequently asked questions](../en/Frequently_asked_questions.html "Frequently asked questions")
वितरण के बारे में उल्लेखनीय प्रश्न और तथ्य।
* [Arch compared to other distributions](../en/Arch_compared_to_other_distributions.html "Arch compared to other distributions")
आर्क और अन्य वितरणों के बीच समानताएं और मतभेदों को संक्षेप में प्रस्तुत करता है।
- [Installation guide](../en/Installation_guide.html "Installation guide")
आर्क लिनक्स स्थापित करने की प्रक्रिया के माध्यम से मार्गदर्शन करें।
* [General recommendations](../en/General_recommendations.html "General recommendations")
पोस्ट-इंस्टॉलेशन ट्यूटोरियल और अन्य लोकप्रिय लेखों का एनोटेटेड इंडेक्स।
- [List of applications](../en/List_of_applications.html "List of applications")
आम अधिकारी और एयूआर संकुल की वर्गीकरण प्रस्तुति।
|
Main page (हिन्दी)
|
Our community
|
## Our community
* [Code of conduct](../en/Code_of_conduct.html "Code of conduct")
आर्क समुदाय के लिए दिशानिर्देश।
- [Getting involved](../en/Getting_involved.html "Getting involved")
विभिन्न तरीकों का वर्णन तीरंदाजों आर्क समुदाय के लिए योगदान कर सकते हैं।
* [International communities](../en/International_communities.html "International communities")
दुनिया भर के आर्क लिनक्स समुदायों के लिंक का संग्रह।
- [Arch IRC channels](../en/Arch_IRC_channels.html "Arch IRC channels")
एक अच्छी चैट के लिए अपने साथी आर्कर के साथ एक साथ हो जाओ।
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Main page (हिन्दी)
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Wiki interaction
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## Wiki interaction
* [Help:Reading](../en/Help:Reading.html "Help:Reading")
यदि आप कुछ लेखों में निर्देशों को समझने के लिए संघर्ष करते हैं तो स्पष्टीकरण ढूंढें।
- [Help:Browsing](../en/Help:Browsing.html "Help:Browsing")
विकी को कैसे खोजें, संबंधित लेख ढूंढें और विकी ऑफ़लाइन देखें।
* [ArchWiki:Contributing](../en/ArchWiki:Contributing.html "ArchWiki:Contributing")
विकी में योगदान करने के इच्छुक लोगों के लिए प्रारंभिक बिंदु।
- [Help:Editing](../en/Help:Editing.html "Help:Editing")
लेख संपादन और विकी पाठ वाक्य रचना के लिए परिचय पर ट्यूटोरियल।
[Category](../Special:Categories.html "Special:Categories"):
* [हिन्दी](../en/Category:450e0a7004f052c5cacb05548a10bedf.html "Category:हिन्दी")
- Retrieved from "[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Main\_page\_(हिन्दी)\&oldid=799475](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Main_page_\(%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80\)\&oldid=799475)"
- This page was last edited on 1 February 2024, at 18:47.
- Content is available under [GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) unless otherwise noted.
* [Privacy policy](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/)
* [About ArchWiki](../en/ArchWiki:About.html)
* [Disclaimers](../en/ArchWiki:General_disclaimer.html)
* [Code of conduct](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/code-of-conduct/ "archlinux-service-agreements:code-of-conduct")
* [Terms of service](https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/terms-of-service/ "archlinux-service-agreements:terms-of-service")
- [](https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
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