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FreedomIntelligence
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DxBench

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implicit_symptoms
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[ [ "unsteady vision", "True" ], [ "Numbness in the left hand", "True" ] ]
DxBench_1
Lacunar Stroke
[ "Cervical Spondylosis of Sympathetic Type", "Cerebral Insufficiency", "Lacunar Stroke" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Dizziness", "True" ], [ "Headache", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Wrist cut by glass", "True" ], [ "Thirteen Tendon Ruptures", "True" ], [ "Radial artery rupture", "True" ], [ "postoperative infection", "True" ], [ "Tendon Liquefaction and Rupture", "True" ], [ "Tendon overlapping", "True" ] ]
DxBench_2
Neural Damage
[ "Tenosynovitis", "Distal Radius Fracture", "Neural Damage" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Poor hand function", "True" ], [ "Hand stiffness", "True" ], [ "Without sensation", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Increased body temperature", "True" ], [ "Headache", "True" ], [ "Dizziness", "True" ] ]
DxBench_3
Lactational Mastitis
[ "Mastitis", "Breast Hyperplasia", "Lactational Mastitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Left chest pain upon pressure", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Delayed menstruation", "True" ], [ "Prolactin test not updated", "True" ], [ "menstrual cycle returned to normal", "True" ] ]
DxBench_4
Plasma Cell Mastitis
[ "Plasma Cell Mastitis", "Lactational Mastitis", "Mastitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Tumor Healing", "True" ], [ "Newly developed lump", "True" ], [ "Swelling and redness", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Low autoimmunity", "True" ], [ "Acne", "True" ] ]
DxBench_5
Lymphadenitis
[ "Lymphadenitis", "Lymphoma", "Thyroid Nodules" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Uneven lymph nodes in the internal neck and submandibular area", "True" ], [ "Lymphadenopathy", "True" ] ]
[ [ "No morning erections", "True" ], [ "Difficulty in achieving an erection", "True" ], [ "Prostatic congestion and swelling", "True" ], [ "Urinary retention", "True" ], [ "urethral irritation", "True" ] ]
DxBench_6
Chronic Prostatitis
[ "Prostatitis", "Sexual Dysfunction", "Chronic Prostatitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Weak urinary stream", "True" ], [ "Scrotal dampness", "True" ], [ "Erectile Dysfunction", "True" ], [ "Lower Abdominal Distension", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Unable to eat", "True" ], [ "Unable to move", "True" ] ]
DxBench_7
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[ "Cancer", "Gastric Cancer", "Hepatocellular Carcinoma" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Repeated hematemesis", "True" ], [ "rectal bleeding", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Autonomic dysfunction", "True" ], [ "Sympathetic Nervous System Excitation", "True" ], [ "Straightening of cervical curvature", "True" ] ]
DxBench_8
Cervical Spondylosis
[ "Cervical Spondylosis", "Neurogenic Tinnitus", "Autonomic Dysregulation" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Electric buzzing tinnitus", "True" ], [ "Scalp numbness", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Fatigue", "True" ] ]
DxBench_9
Lymphadenitis
[ "Lung Cancer", "Lymphadenitis", "Tuberculosis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Coughing with thick sputum", "True" ], [ "Lymphadenopathy", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Yellow Sputum", "True" ] ]
DxBench_10
Cholangitis
[ "Acute Enteritis", "Indigestion", "Cholangitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Vomiting", "True" ], [ "Abdominal pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Uncircumcised", "True" ], [ "Weight 77 kilograms", "False" ], [ "height 175 centimeters", "False" ] ]
DxBench_11
Phimosis
[ "Erectile Dysfunction", "Phimosis", "Phimosis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Erect length only 8 cm", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Irregular eating and resting habits", "True" ], [ "Perianal moisture", "True" ], [ "Dry skin around the anus", "True" ] ]
DxBench_12
Hemorrhoids
[ "Hemorrhoids", "Perianal Eczema", "Hemorrhoids" ]
Surgery
[ [ "dry mouth and tongue", "True" ], [ "Perianal pain", "True" ], [ "Anal itching", "True" ], [ "Slight bleeding after bowel movement", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Myocardial Damage", "True" ], [ "Normal growth", "False" ], [ "Taller and stronger than peers", "False" ] ]
DxBench_13
Ventricular Septal Defect
[ "Myocardial Ischemia", "Ventricular Septal Defect", "Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Heavy breathing", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Intermittent Pain", "True" ], [ "Bite Wound", "True" ] ]
DxBench_14
Traumatic Ulcer
[ "Oral Ulcer", "Traumatic Ulcer", "Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Tongue ulcer", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Urine sediment discharge", "True" ] ]
DxBench_15
Phimosis
[ "Phimosis", "Phimosis", "Balanitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Inability to fully retract the foreskin", "True" ], [ "Partial adhesion of the foreskin and glans", "True" ], [ "Periodic foreskin swelling", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Cough", "True" ], [ "Nasal congestion", "True" ], [ "Vomiting", "True" ] ]
DxBench_16
Traumatic Brain Injury
[ "Epilepsy", "Traumatic Brain Injury", "Infantile Spasms" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Head trauma", "True" ], [ "Frequent awakenings", "True" ], [ "Involuntary nodding", "True" ] ]
[ [ "History of fatty liver", "True" ], [ "Bile Reflux", "True" ] ]
DxBench_17
Chronic Cholecystitis
[ "Chronic Cholecystitis", "Liver Disease", "Hepatitis B" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Liver discomfort", "True" ], [ "gallbladder area pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Milk rejection", "True" ] ]
DxBench_18
Anal Fissure
[ "Anal Fissure", "Constipation", "Hemorrhoids" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Constipation", "True" ], [ "Hard stools", "True" ], [ "Bloody stools", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Paresthesia of extremities", "True" ] ]
DxBench_19
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
[ "Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy", "Parkinson's Disease", "Cervical Spondylosis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Walking like a robot", "True" ], [ "Numbness in both hands", "True" ], [ "Slightly slurred speech", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Fatigue", "True" ], [ "Stool is unformed", "True" ] ]
DxBench_20
Rectal Cancer
[ "Rectal Cancer", "Colorectal Cancer", "Colorectal Cancer" ]
Surgery
[ [ "rectal bleeding", "True" ], [ "Anemia", "True" ], [ "Dull abdominal pain", "True" ], [ "increased frequency of bowel movements", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Pain above and below the navel", "True" ], [ "Hip discomfort", "True" ], [ "Bitter Taste in Mouth", "True" ] ]
DxBench_21
Cholecystitis
[ "Chronic gastritis", "Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions", "Cholecystitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Abdominal pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Skull fracture", "True" ], [ "Intracranial hemorrhage", "True" ], [ "Slight opening of both eyes", "True" ] ]
DxBench_22
Brain Injury
[ "Brain Injury", "Cerebral Infarction", "Cerebral Hemorrhage" ]
Surgery
[ [ "High blood pressure", "True" ], [ "Coma", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Fluid accumulation in the left breast", "True" ], [ "Small Lump Near the Right Breast Axilla", "True" ] ]
DxBench_23
Mastitis
[ "Breast Hyperplasia", "Lactational Mastitis", "Mastitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Left breast pain", "True" ], [ "Left breast mass", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Low Milk Supply", "True" ], [ "Nipple hardness", "True" ], [ "Baby suckles very little", "True" ] ]
DxBench_24
Lactational Mastitis
[ "Lactational Mastitis", "Mastitis", "Breast Hyperplasia" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Right Breast Red Mass", "True" ], [ "Breast milk drainage pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "No change in urine glucose test strip color", "True" ], [ "Avoid eating with head bent down", "True" ], [ "Lies down to rest immediately after eating", "True" ], [ "Rest in bed as much as possible", "True" ] ]
DxBench_25
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
[ "Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea", "Chronic Sinusitis", "Epistaxis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Nasal discharge during eating", "True" ], [ "Watery Sensation in the Nostrils", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Initial constipation", "True" ], [ "Normal bowel movements after dietary adjustments", "True" ], [ "Pain-free defecation", "True" ] ]
DxBench_26
Hemorrhoids
[ "Perianal Abscess", "Anal Fissure", "Hemorrhoids" ]
Surgery
[ [ "anal protrusion", "True" ], [ "Anal pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Family history of hypertension", "True" ] ]
DxBench_27
Lumbar Disc Herniation
[ "Lumbar and Sciatic Pain", "Herniated Disc", "Lumbar Disc Herniation" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Overexertion", "True" ], [ "Severe leg pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Burning sensation in the lower abdomen", "True" ], [ "Urethral orifice irritation and pain", "True" ], [ "Increased discomfort during urination", "True" ] ]
DxBench_28
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
[ "Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)", "Chronic Prostatitis", "Prostatitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Urinary difficulty", "True" ], [ "Lower abdominal distension", "True" ], [ "Urethral burning sensation", "True" ], [ "Elevated white blood cells in urine", "True" ] ]
[ [ "History of chronic smoking", "True" ], [ "Hypertension", "True" ], [ "Hyperglycemia", "True" ], [ "Unable to undergo radiotherapy and chemotherapy", "True" ] ]
DxBench_29
Small Cell Lung Cancer
[ "Small Cell Lung Cancer", "Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma", "Lung Adenocarcinoma" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Weakness", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Prostatic hyperplasia", "True" ], [ "Hypertension", "True" ], [ "Hyperlipidemia", "True" ] ]
DxBench_30
Prostate Cancer
[ "Prostate Cancer", "Lumbar Spine Disease", "Chronic Prostatitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Lower back pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Symptoms after drinking alcohol", "True" ], [ "Pain disappears when bladder is full", "True" ] ]
DxBench_31
Urinary System Calculi
[ "Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)", "Chronic Prostatitis", "Urinary System Calculi" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Back Pain", "True" ], [ "Lower Abdominal Cramps", "True" ], [ "Constipation", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Skull defect", "True" ], [ "Postoperative epilepsy", "True" ], [ "Restoration of spontaneous breathing", "True" ] ]
DxBench_32
Traumatic Brain Injury
[ "Cerebral Infarction", "Cerebral Infarction", "Traumatic Brain Injury" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Coma", "True" ], [ "Unstable Blood Pressure", "True" ], [ "Bleeding from ears, nose, and mouth", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Frequent masturbation", "True" ], [ "Urine Retention", "True" ], [ "Pain when sitting or standing", "True" ], [ "Low-grade fever", "True" ], [ "Pain location uncertain", "True" ] ]
DxBench_33
Chronic Prostatitis
[ "Prostatitis", "Chronic Prostatitis", "Varicocele" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Right scrotal pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "No improvement after one week of anti-inflammatory injection treatment", "True" ], [ "darkening around the joints", "True" ] ]
DxBench_34
Hand Trauma
[ "Hand Trauma", "Soft Tissue Injury", "Tenosynovitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Large-area inflammation and swelling", "True" ], [ "Crush injury of palm and fingers", "True" ], [ "Crushed finger with exposed bone", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Cervical spondylosis", "True" ] ]
DxBench_35
Rectal Cancer
[ "Rectal Cancer", "Gastric Cancer", "Hemorrhoids" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Loss of appetite", "True" ], [ "Frequent daily bowel movements", "True" ], [ "Blood-stained", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Started last December", "True" ], [ "Intermittent Symptoms", "True" ], [ "Severely affects life", "True" ] ]
DxBench_36
Anal Pruritus
[ "Anal Pruritus", "Perianal Eczema", "Hemorrhoids" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Anal Itching", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Breast Parenchymal Nodule", "True" ], [ "Elevated prolactin levels", "True" ], [ "20-year history of mammary gland hyperplasia", "True" ] ]
DxBench_37
Breast Hyperplasia
[ "Breast Hyperplasia", "Mastitis", "Hyperprolactinemia" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Breast Discharge", "True" ], [ "Change in discharge color", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Urgency to urinate", "True" ], [ "Nodule at the base of the penis", "True" ], [ "Left varicocele", "True" ] ]
DxBench_38
Prostatitis
[ "Chronic Prostatitis", "Prostatitis", "Varicocele" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Urethral Irritation", "True" ], [ "Frequent urination", "True" ], [ "Pain at the base of the penis", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Visible swelling on the right side when arms hang naturally", "True" ] ]
DxBench_39
Breast Hyperplasia
[ "Lactational Mastitis", "Breast Hyperplasia", "Axillary Osmidrosis (Body Odor)" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Lump under the right armpit", "True" ], [ "Accompanied by pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Need to strain to urinate in the lower abdomen", "True" ], [ "Reduced Urine Output", "True" ], [ "Unliquefied particles in semen", "True" ] ]
DxBench_40
Prostatitis
[ "Prostatitis", "Chronic Prostatitis", "Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Frequent urination", "True" ], [ "Dysuria", "True" ], [ "sensation of incomplete bladder emptying", "True" ], [ "White sediment in urine", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Symptoms worsen after physical exertion", "True" ], [ "Occasional dizziness", "True" ], [ "Nausea", "True" ], [ "Numbness in fingers", "True" ], [ "dry mouth with no desire to drink water", "True" ] ]
DxBench_41
Cervical Radiculopathy
[ "Cervical Radiculopathy", "Cervical Spondylosis", "Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Worsening neck pain", "True" ], [ "Shoulder pain", "True" ], [ "Night pain affects sleep", "True" ] ]
[ [ "aspiration of yellow fluid", "True" ], [ "Tuberculous pleurisy turned negative", "True" ], [ "Increased pulmonary effusion", "True" ], [ "Right Lung Effusion", "True" ], [ "Increased Diastasis Lesions", "True" ], [ "Poorly visualized nodule", "True" ] ]
DxBench_42
Pleural Effusion
[ "Pleural Effusion", "Lung Tumor", "Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Chest pain", "True" ], [ "Shortness of breath", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Poor sleep quality", "True" ], [ "Spermatorrhea", "True" ], [ "Perineal Burning Sensation during Erection", "True" ], [ "Glans redness", "True" ], [ "Tinnitus", "True" ], [ "Dizziness", "True" ], [ "Frequent awakening at night", "True" ], [ "Discomfort in the sole of the left foot", "True" ] ]
DxBench_43
Chronic Prostatitis
[ "Prostatitis", "Chronic Prostatitis", "Erectile Dysfunction" ]
Surgery
[ [ "No urge to urinate in the morning", "True" ], [ "Urine is yellow", "True" ], [ "Perineal discomfort", "True" ], [ "Rapid hardening after erection with premature ejaculation", "True" ] ]
[ [ "lower back pain", "True" ], [ "Worsening after slipping", "True" ], [ "No unusual sensations in the early postoperative period", "True" ], [ "Suspected postoperative edema", "True" ], [ "Persistent postoperative leg pain despite relief", "True" ] ]
DxBench_44
Lumbar Disc Herniation
[ "Lumbar Disc Herniation", "Lumbar Disc Herniation", "Lower Limb Nerve Injury" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Unable to stand", "True" ], [ "Lower Limb Pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Occasional Testicular Elevation", "True" ] ]
DxBench_45
Buried Penis
[ "Buried Penis", "Phimosis", "Hypospadias" ]
Surgery
[ [ "genitalia smaller than normal size", "True" ], [ "Phimosis", "True" ] ]
[ [ "One leg feels sore and weak", "True" ], [ "Tightness in the right leg", "True" ] ]
DxBench_46
Lumbar Disc Herniation
[ "Lumbar Disc Herniation", "Lumbar Disc Herniation", "Lumbar and Sciatic Pain" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Mild back pain", "True" ], [ "Right Foot Feels Numb and Soft", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Occasional left leg pain", "True" ], [ "Hypertension", "True" ], [ "Dyslipidemia", "True" ], [ "History of kidney stones", "True" ], [ "Difficulty turning over during sleep", "True" ] ]
DxBench_47
Lumbar Disc Herniation
[ "Lumbar Disc Herniation", "Lumbar and Sciatic Pain", "Lumbar Disc Herniation" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Right leg and buttock pain", "True" ], [ "Numbness in Right Leg and Toes", "True" ], [ "Difficulty walking", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Feeling down", "True" ], [ "Anxiety", "True" ] ]
DxBench_48
Breast Hyperplasia
[ "Mastitis", "Breast Hyperplasia", "Hyperprolactinemia" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Breast tenderness", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Post-cesarean hand pain", "True" ], [ "Touchscreen Pain", "True" ], [ "Limited Mobility in Left Hand", "True" ], [ "Pain in all fingers except the little finger of the left hand", "True" ], [ "No pain in the right thumb and little finger", "True" ], [ "Discomfort from prolonged use of the right thumb", "True" ] ]
DxBench_49
Cervical Spondylosis
[ "Cervical Spondylosis", "Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy", "Brachial Plexus Injury" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Hand numbness and pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "subcutaneous fat thickening", "True" ], [ "Joint effusion", "True" ], [ "Popliteal Vein Dilation", "True" ] ]
DxBench_50
Popliteal Cyst
[ "Popliteal Cyst", "Synovitis", "Hydrocele" ]
Surgery
[ [ "popliteal cyst", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Non-healing wound", "True" ], [ "Did not go out during the pandemic", "True" ], [ "Recurrent Scar Shedding", "True" ] ]
DxBench_51
Plasma Cell Mastitis
[ "Keloids", "Mastitis", "Plasma Cell Mastitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Breast lump", "True" ], [ "Swelling and redness", "True" ], [ "Itchiness", "True" ], [ "Suppuration", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Softening of the lump", "True" ], [ "Repeated crusting, erosion, and minimal discharge at the puncture site", "True" ] ]
DxBench_52
Plasma Cell Mastitis
[ "Plasma Cell Mastitis", "Pyogenic Granuloma", "Cyst" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Lump Detected", "True" ], [ "Diagnosis by puncture", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Urethral irritation", "True" ] ]
DxBench_53
Balanitis
[ "Balanitis", "Scrotal Eczema", "Dermatitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Thin, bright red skin", "True" ], [ "Skin prone to cracking", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Difficulty walking", "True" ] ]
DxBench_54
Lower Limb Venous Thrombosis
[ "Lower Limb Venous Thrombosis", "Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur", "Lower Limb Nerve Injury" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Lower Limb Pain", "True" ], [ "Lower limb swelling", "True" ] ]
[ [ "stomachache", "True" ], [ "increased frequency of bowel movements", "True" ] ]
DxBench_55
Lumbar Disc Herniation
[ "Lumbar Disc Herniation", "Lumbar Muscle Strain", "Lumbar Disc Herniation" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Back Pain", "True" ], [ "Weakness in the lower back", "True" ], [ "Difficulty standing", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Post-cardiac surgery residual defect", "True" ], [ "Depressive symptoms", "True" ], [ "Hyperthyroidism", "True" ] ]
DxBench_56
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
[ "Arrhythmia", "Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)", "Ventricular Septal Defect" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Arrhythmia", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Nasointestinal decompression tube used for more than seventeen days", "True" ], [ "Diet restricted to rice soup", "True" ], [ "Cannot eat soft and mushy noodles", "True" ], [ "Abdominal pain lasting about three hours", "True" ] ]
DxBench_57
Intestinal obstruction
[ "Intestinal obstruction", "Intestinal Spasm", "Acute Gastroenteritis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Postprandial Abdominal Pain", "True" ], [ "Flatulence", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Breastfeeding", "True" ], [ "Diarrhea", "True" ], [ "Five to six bowel movements per day", "True" ], [ "No Bowel Movement at Night", "True" ] ]
DxBench_58
Perianal Abscess
[ "Perianal Abscess", "Anal Fissure", "Hemorrhoids" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Perianal abscess", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Liver and gallbladder stones", "True" ], [ "Subrenal Cyst", "True" ] ]
DxBench_59
Cholangiolithiasis
[ "Prostate Cancer", "Hepatocellular Carcinoma", "Cholangiolithiasis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Back Pain", "True" ], [ "general weakness", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Frequently in a bad mood", "True" ], [ "Unhealthy diet", "True" ], [ "Weight Gain", "True" ], [ "Stomach discomfort", "True" ] ]
DxBench_60
Thyroid Nodules
[ "Thyroid Nodules", "Subacute Thyroiditis", "Hyperthyroidism" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Thyroid micronodule", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Poor appetite", "True" ], [ "No hospitalization required", "True" ], [ "Mild tricuspid regurgitation", "True" ], [ "Mild pulmonary hypertension", "True" ], [ "Right heart enlargement", "True" ] ]
DxBench_61
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
[ "Ventricular Septal Defect", "Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)", "Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Underweight", "True" ], [ "Easily fatigued", "True" ], [ "Prone to colds", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Urine is yellow", "True" ] ]
DxBench_62
Prostatitis
[ "Nocturnal Emission", "Prostatitis", "Kidney Deficiency" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Nocturnal emission", "True" ], [ "Kidney pain", "True" ], [ "Incomplete bladder emptying", "True" ], [ "Scrotal dampness", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Calcification", "True" ], [ "Consider malignancy", "True" ] ]
DxBench_63
Thyroid Nodules
[ "Thyroid Nodules", "Subacute Thyroiditis", "Breast Cancer" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Thyroid nodules", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Soft tissue nodule in left renal pelvis", "True" ], [ "Decreased GFR of the left kidney", "True" ], [ "Decreased GFR in Right Kidney", "True" ], [ "Slightly Reduced Blood Flow in Right Kidney", "True" ], [ "Moderate reduction in renal function", "True" ], [ "Increased urea", "True" ], [ "Elevated creatinine", "True" ], [ "Increased uric acid", "True" ], [ "Reduced Red Blood Cell Count", "True" ], [ "Reduced hemoglobin", "True" ] ]
DxBench_64
Renal Pelvis Cancer
[ "Renal Pelvis Cancer", "IgA Nephropathy", "Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Hematuria", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Foreign body sensation", "True" ] ]
DxBench_65
Thyroid Nodules
[ "Vocal Cord Polyp", "Thyroid Nodules", "Vocal Cord Nodules" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Hoarse voice", "True" ], [ "Dysarthria", "True" ], [ "Dysphagia", "True" ], [ "Thickening of the neck", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Feeling of bladder distension", "True" ], [ "Desire to defecate without passage of stool", "True" ] ]
DxBench_66
Acute Cystitis
[ "Chronic Prostatitis", "Prostatitis", "Acute Cystitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Urethral discomfort", "True" ], [ "Urgency to urinate", "True" ], [ "Dysuria", "True" ], [ "Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Elevated bacterial count in routine urinalysis", "True" ] ]
DxBench_67
Prostatitis
[ "Chronic Prostatitis", "Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)", "Prostatitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Discomfort in the lower abdomen", "True" ], [ "Lower urinary tract discomfort", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Increased pain when bending", "True" ], [ "Increased pain when changing body position", "True" ], [ "Internal pain when lifting the breast from below", "True" ] ]
DxBench_68
Breast Hyperplasia
[ "Breast Hyperplasia", "Lactational Mastitis", "Mastitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Frequent pain in the left breast", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Inadequate cleaning", "True" ] ]
DxBench_69
Balanoposthitis
[ "Balanitis", "Urinary System Calculi", "Balanoposthitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Painful urination", "True" ], [ "Localized Purulent Discharge", "True" ], [ "Swelling and redness", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Premature birth", "True" ], [ "Calcium deficiency", "True" ] ]
DxBench_70
Purulent Meningitis
[ "Epilepsy", "Common Cold", "Purulent Meningitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Body temperature of 37.5°C", "True" ], [ "Slight muscle cramps", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Self-healing after pinpoint ulceration", "True" ], [ "25-Day Menstrual Cycle", "True" ], [ "Premenstrual spotting", "True" ], [ "each menstrual period lasts about five days", "True" ], [ "Normal stool", "True" ], [ "Tasteless Bitter Sensation", "True" ] ]
DxBench_71
Plasma Cell Mastitis
[ "Plasma Cell Mastitis", "Lactational Mastitis", "Mastitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Hard lump on the left side of the areola", "True" ], [ "Reddened hard lump", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Tendinitis", "True" ], [ "lumbar pain", "True" ], [ "Herniation of L4/5 and L5/S1 intervertebral discs", "True" ], [ "Degenerative changes of the lumbar spine", "True" ], [ "Pain relief after resting at night", "True" ] ]
DxBench_72
Plantar Fasciitis
[ "Plantar Fasciitis", "Lumbar Disc Herniation", "Lumbar Disc Herniation" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Discomfort on the left side of the left foot", "True" ], [ "Pain in both heels", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Sensation of rectal prolapse", "True" ] ]
DxBench_73
Internal Hemorrhoids
[ "Hemorrhoids", "Perianal Abscess", "Internal Hemorrhoids" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Anal discomfort", "True" ], [ "Pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Occult blood 2+", "True" ], [ "Red blood cells 2+", "True" ], [ "White blood cells 3+", "True" ], [ "97/100 in erythrocyte morphology deformation", "True" ] ]
DxBench_74
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
[ "Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)", "Uremia", "Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Eye swelling", "True" ], [ "Dysuria and fever", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Left buttock pain", "True" ], [ "Toe pain", "True" ] ]
DxBench_75
Lumbar and Sciatic Pain
[ "Pain", "Lumbar and Sciatic Pain", "Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Pin-like pain", "True" ], [ "Swelling pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Premature ejaculation", "True" ], [ "Decreased libido", "True" ], [ "Reduced penile erectile function", "True" ], [ "Allergic reaction", "True" ], [ "Lower back discomfort", "True" ] ]
DxBench_76
Prostatitis
[ "Prostatitis", "Chronic Prostatitis", "Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Soreness in the perineal region of the inner left thigh", "True" ], [ "Frequent Urinary Urges but Unable to Urinate", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Increased pain before and after menstruation", "True" ], [ "Pain intensifies when emotionally excited", "True" ], [ "Sensation of gas on the right side of the uterus", "True" ] ]
DxBench_77
Fibroadenoma of the Breast
[ "Lactational Mastitis", "Plasma Cell Mastitis", "Fibroadenoma of the Breast" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Internal lump in the breast", "True" ], [ "Breast Pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "feeling of needing to defecate but unable to", "True" ] ]
DxBench_78
Ureteral Calculi
[ "Ureteral Calculi", "Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions", "Intestinal Spasm" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Pain in the lumbar and abdominal area", "True" ], [ "Vomiting", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Pain near the collarbone area of the throat", "True" ], [ "Leg and foot soreness", "True" ], [ "General neck soreness upon touch", "True" ] ]
DxBench_79
Cervical Spondylosis
[ "Cervical Spondylosis", "Cervical Radiculopathy", "Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy" ]
Surgery
[ [ "neck and shoulder pain", "True" ], [ "Pain in the neck and back when swallowing food", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Lung Infection", "True" ], [ "Inability to expectorate", "True" ] ]
DxBench_80
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
[ "Cervical Spinal Cord Injury", "Lung Cancer", "Cerebral Infarction" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Total paralysis", "True" ], [ "difficulty breathing", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Nausea", "True" ], [ "Headache", "True" ], [ "Poor Digestion", "True" ] ]
DxBench_81
Lumbar Disc Herniation
[ "Lumbar Spine Disease", "Lumbar Disc Herniation", "Lumbar Disc Herniation" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Lower back pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Dystocia cesarean section", "True" ], [ "Full-term small for gestational age infant", "True" ], [ "Placenta Accreta", "True" ], [ "Ventricular septal defect", "True" ], [ "Poor weight gain", "True" ] ]
DxBench_82
Hypospadias
[ "Hypospadias", "Threatened Miscarriage", "Premature Infant" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Hypospadias", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Erectile Dysfunction", "True" ] ]
DxBench_83
Prostatitis
[ "Prostatitis", "Chronic Prostatitis", "Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)" ]
Surgery
[ [ "perineal swelling and pain", "True" ], [ "Lower abdominal distension and pain", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Smoking", "True" ], [ "drinking alcohol", "True" ] ]
DxBench_84
Esophageal Cancer
[ "Esophageal Cancer", "Lung Adenocarcinoma", "Lung Cancer" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Chest distension", "True" ], [ "Weight loss", "True" ], [ "Dysphagia", "True" ] ]
[ [ "distinct discomfort in the trapezius muscle", "True" ], [ "Limb fatigue", "True" ], [ "Right side of the body fatigues before the left", "True" ] ]
DxBench_85
Cervical Spondylosis
[ "Cervical Spondylosis", "Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy", "Fasciitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Sour weakness", "True" ], [ "Decreased grip strength", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Occult blood 3+", "True" ], [ "Proteinuria 2+", "True" ] ]
DxBench_86
Ureteral Calculi
[ "Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)", "Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis", "Ureteral Calculi" ]
Surgery
[ [ "lower abdominal distension", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Long-term smoking and drinking", "True" ] ]
DxBench_87
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[ "Ovarian Cancer", "Hepatocellular Carcinoma", "Pancreatic Cancer" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Right abdominal pain", "True" ], [ "right abdominal mass", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Generalized muscle soreness and weakness", "True" ], [ "Cold intolerance", "True" ] ]
DxBench_88
Lactational Mastitis
[ "Mastitis", "Breast Hyperplasia", "Lactational Mastitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Left breast engorgement", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Spinal cord tethering", "True" ], [ "Oliguria", "True" ], [ "Bladder roughening and thickening", "True" ] ]
DxBench_89
Neurogenic Bladder
[ "Hypospadias", "Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)", "Neurogenic Bladder" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Premature birth", "True" ], [ "Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections", "True" ], [ "Developmental Delay", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Occasionally enlarged scrotum", "True" ] ]
DxBench_90
Hydrocele
[ "Hydrocele", "Lumbar Muscle Strain", "Hypospadias" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Scrotum occasionally without folds", "True" ], [ "Scrotum occasionally biased to one side", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Vomiting", "True" ], [ "Sweating", "True" ], [ "has not eaten", "True" ] ]
DxBench_91
Ureteral Calculi
[ "Pain", "Herniated Disc", "Ureteral Calculi" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Severe pain in the left back", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Low Albumin", "True" ], [ "Poor Liver Function", "True" ], [ "Recurrent Edema After Improvement", "True" ] ]
DxBench_92
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[ "Hepatocellular Carcinoma", "Pancreatic Cancer", "Liver Disease" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Pain in the liver area", "True" ], [ "Ascites", "True" ], [ "lower body swelling", "True" ], [ "Poor digestion", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Phimosis", "True" ] ]
DxBench_93
Hydrocele
[ "Varicocele", "Hydrocele", "Epididymitis" ]
Surgery
[ [ "Occasional Protrusion of a Blue Mass from the Right Testicle", "True" ], [ "Asymmetrical testicular heights", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Irregular menstruation at the beginning of the period", "True" ], [ "ovarian cyst", "True" ], [ "Menstrual impurity", "True" ], [ "Progesterone therapy", "True" ] ]
DxBench_94
Menstrual Disorders
[ "Menstrual Disorders", "Premature Ovarian Failure (POF)", "Menstrual Disorders" ]
Obstetrics and Gynecology
[ [ "Delayed menstruation", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Poor appetite", "True" ], [ "Easily fatigued", "True" ], [ "Stool occult blood turning from positive to negative", "True" ], [ "Multiple fibromas", "True" ], [ "Allergic Rhinitis", "True" ] ]
DxBench_95
Primary Dysmenorrhea
[ "Primary Dysmenorrhea", "Dysmenorrhea", "Adenomyosis" ]
Obstetrics and Gynecology
[ [ "dysmenorrhea", "True" ], [ "Vomiting", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Blood transfusion", "True" ], [ "Anemia", "True" ], [ "Brain changes", "True" ] ]
DxBench_96
Premature Infant
[ "Premature Infant", "Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)", "Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR)" ]
Obstetrics and Gynecology
[ [ "Low birth weight", "True" ], [ "Failed fundus screening", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Bladder compression", "True" ] ]
DxBench_97
Adenomyosis
[ "Adenomyosis", "Adenomyosis", "Dysmenorrhea" ]
Obstetrics and Gynecology
[ [ "Severe dysmenorrhea", "True" ], [ "Dropping sensation in the lower abdomen", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Previously Consumed Cold Drinks", "True" ] ]
DxBench_98
Menstrual Disorders
[ "Menstrual Disorders", "Menstrual Disorders", "Dysmenorrhea" ]
Obstetrics and Gynecology
[ [ "Scanty menstrual flow at the onset", "True" ], [ "Increased menstrual flow", "True" ], [ "Continuous bleeding for about ten days", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Dryness", "True" ] ]
DxBench_99
Vulvar Pruritus
[ "Vaginitis", "Pseudomolluscum Contagiosum", "Vulvar Pruritus" ]
Obstetrics and Gynecology
[ [ "Mild itching at the vaginal opening", "True" ], [ "White flakes at the vaginal opening", "True" ] ]
[ [ "Mild abdominal pain", "True" ], [ "No gestational sac found in or outside the uterus on ultrasound", "True" ], [ "Decreased progesterone levels", "True" ], [ "Slight decrease in hCG levels", "True" ] ]
DxBench_100
Ectopic Pregnancy
[ "Threatened Miscarriage", "Ectopic Pregnancy", "Amenorrhea" ]
Obstetrics and Gynecology
[ [ "Amenorrhea for 40 days", "True" ], [ "Test strip positive", "True" ] ]
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Citation 

@misc{chen2024codinterpretablemedicalagent,
      title={CoD, Towards an Interpretable Medical Agent using Chain of Diagnosis}, 
      author={Junying Chen and Chi Gui and Anningzhe Gao and Ke Ji and Xidong Wang and Xiang Wan and Benyou Wang},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2407.13301},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.13301}, 
}
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