input_text
stringlengths 169
1.35k
| target_text
stringlengths 24
3.71k
| source
stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
Question: What are the specialized cells of sponges called?
Choices:
A. collar cells
B. t cells
C. helper cells
D. plant cells
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Sponges have specialized cells called collar cells. These cells are specialized for the functions they serve. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What organ system is comprised of your heart, blood, and blood vessels all working together?
Choices:
A. cardiovascular system
B. thoraxic system
C. digestive system
D. nervous system
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Your heart pumps blood around your body. Your heart is connected to blood vessels such as veins and arteries. Organs that work together form an organ system. Together, your heart, blood, and blood vessels form your cardiovascular system. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What type of cells capture light energy, and use carbon dioxide as their carbon source?
Choices:
A. chloroplasts
B. sporozoans
C. blood cells
D. photoautotrophs
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Photoautotrophs are cells that capture light energy and use carbon dioxide as their carbon source. There are many photoautotrophic prokaryotes, which include cyanobacteria. Photoautotrophic prokaryotes use similar compounds to those of plants to trap light energy. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: When drinking water is treated, what is the term for when chemicals cause solids in the water to clump together?
Choices:
A. coagulation
B. clumping
C. oxidation
D. plasma
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Chemicals are added to untreated water. They cause solids in the water to clump together. This is called coagulation. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What does the urea cycle process?
Choices:
A. oxygen
B. urine
C. calcium
D. nitrogen
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Amino acid decomposition results in hydrocarbons and nitrogenous waste. However, high concentrations of nitrogen are toxic. The urea cycle processes nitrogen and facilitates its excretion from the body. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: When using a microscope we do not see the entire extent of the sample. depending on the eyepiece and objective lens we see a restricted region which we say is this?
Choices:
A. field of view
B. focal point
C. peripheral view
D. tunnel vision
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: When using a microscope we do not see the entire extent of the sample. Depending on the eyepiece and objective lens we see a restricted region which we say is the field of view. We rely on gathering light to form an image. Hence most specimens need to be illuminated, particularly at higher magnifications, when observing details that are so small that they reflect only small amounts of light. To make such objects easily visible, the intensity of light falling on them needs to be increased. Special illuminating systems called condensers are used for this purpose. The type of condenser that is suitable for an application depends on how the specimen is examined, whether by transmission, scattering or reflecting. Laser light illumination tends to be quite intense and it is important to ensure that the light does not result in the degradation of the specimen. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What are the most successful organisms on earth?
Choices:
A. trees
B. pests
C. bacteria
D. humans
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Bacteria are the most successful organisms on the planet. They lived on this planet for two billion years before the first eukaryotes and, during that time, evolved into millions of different species. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: The temperature of an object is a measure of what type of energy?
Choices:
A. magnetic
B. chemical
C. density
D. thermal
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Thermal energy results from atomic and molecular motion. The temperature of an object is a measure of its thermal energy content. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: The chromosomal theory of inheritance proposed that what reside on chromosomes?
Choices:
A. rna
B. genes
C. molecules
D. atoms
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance proposed that genes reside on chromosomes. The understanding that chromosomes are linear arrays of genes explained linkage, and crossing over explained recombination. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What process occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle, triggered by the lh surge?
Choices:
A. fertilization
B. sedimentation
C. menstruation
D. ovulation
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Ovulation occurs around day 14 of a 28-day cycle, triggered by the LH surge. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What term refers to a change in species over time?
Choices:
A. mutation
B. generation
C. evolution
D. spontaneous change
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Evolution can be described as a change in species over time. Dinosaur fossils are significant evidence of evolution and of past life on Earth. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: The nitrogen cycle moves nitrogen back and forth between the atmosphere and what?
Choices:
A. Ocean
B. sediments
C. Ozone Layer
D. organisms
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: The nitrogen cycle moves nitrogen back and forth between the atmosphere and organisms. Bacteria change nitrogen gas from the atmosphere to nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb. Other bacteria change nitrogen compounds back to nitrogen gas, which re-enters the atmosphere. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Eutrophication, or high levels of nutrients, can cause conditions that deprive fish of what vital gas?
Choices:
A. oxygen
B. hydrogen
C. nitrogen
D. dioxide
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: High levels of nutrients, called eutrophication, can cause conditions that deprive fish of oxygen. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What ancestors did caecillians evolve from?
Choices:
A. tetrapod
B. arthropod
C. hominid
D. ornithopod
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Caecilians are most closely related to salamanders. They have a long, worm-like body without legs. Caecilians evolved from a tetrapod ancestor, but they lost their legs during the course of their evolution. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: The surfaces of the bones at the joints are covered with a smooth layer of cartilage, which reduces what force between the bones when they move?
Choices:
A. gravity
B. friction
C. vibration
D. expulsion
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: The surfaces of the bones at the joints are covered with a smooth layer of cartilage, which reduces friction between the bones when they move. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: In how many ways ca a living organism obtain chemical energy
Choices:
A. seven
B. four
C. two
D. three
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Living organisms obtain chemical energy in one of two ways. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What stage in human males lasts from about ages 12 to 18 years and is controlled by hormones?
Choices:
A. maturity
B. puberty
C. childhood
D. adolescence
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: The male reproductive system forms before birth but does not become capable of reproduction until it matures during puberty. Puberty lasts from about ages 12 to 18 years and is controlled by hormones. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or?
Choices:
A. correlated
B. Contained
C. combustion
D. compressed
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed. When an elastic material is stretched or compressed, it exerts elastic force. This force increases the more the material is stretched or compressed. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What type of light is composed of many rays having random polarization directions?
Choices:
A. diffracted light
B. reflected light
C. unpolarized light
D. polarized light
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Unpolarized light is composed of many rays having random polarization directions. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: How do yeasts reproduce?
Choices:
A. bisexual
B. preferentially
C. asexually
D. homosexual
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Yeasts reproduce asexually by budding. An offspring cell forms on a parent cell. After it grows and develops, it buds off to form a new cell. The offspring cell is genetically identical to the parent cell. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: In science, what can be described as a set of steps that help us to answer questions?
Choices:
A. hypothesis
B. scientific controls
C. scientific method
D. theory
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: The scientific method is a set of steps that help us to answer questions. When we use logical steps and control the number of things that can be changed, we get better answers. As we test our ideas, we may come up with more questions. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What does the body derive from the breakdown of the carbohydrate-containing foods and drinks we consume?
Choices:
A. glucose
B. amino acids
C. lipids
D. insulin
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs located in the abdominal cavity. Their primary function is to filter waste products, excess water, and other impurities from the blood. This filtration process produces urine, which is then transported to the bladder for excretion. The kidneys also play a role in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and red blood cell production. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: A mitotic spindle forms from the centrioles and passes through the nuclear membrane, which remains intact. chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle, which separates the chromosomes and does what?
Choices:
A. migrates the cell
B. elongates the cell
C. manipulates the cell
D. destroys the cell
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: Chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle, which separates the chromosomes and elongates the cell. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Substances produced by a reaction are known as?
Choices:
A. products
B. solutions
C. minerals
D. compounds
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Products are substances that are produced in the reaction. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What happens to the core of a star when it begins to run low on hydrogen?
Choices:
A. it explodes
B. it disappears
C. it expands
D. it contracts
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: it contracts | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What occurs when air masses meet?
Choices:
A. currents
B. earthquakes
C. tides
D. fronts
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Weather occurs at fronts, where air masses meet. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: The diversity of alleles and genotypes within a population is known as genetic what?
Choices:
A. variable
B. group
C. variance
D. density
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Heritability is the fraction of phenotype variation that can be attributed to genetic differences, or genetic variance, among individuals in a population. The greater the hereditability of a population’s phenotypic variation, the more susceptible it is to the evolutionary forces that act on heritable variation. The diversity of alleles and genotypes within a population is called genetic variance. When scientists are involved in the breeding of a species, such as with animals in zoos and nature preserves, they try to increase a population’s genetic variance to preserve as much of the phenotypic diversity as they can. This also helps reduce the risks associated with inbreeding, the mating of closely related individuals, which can have the undesirable effect of bringing together deleterious recessive mutations that can cause abnormalities and susceptibility to disease. For example, a disease that is caused by a rare, recessive allele might exist in a population, but it will only manifest itself when an individual carries two copies of the allele. Because the allele is rare in a normal, healthy population with unrestricted habitat, the chance that two carriers will mate is low, and even then, only 25 percent of their offspring will inherit the disease allele from both parents. While it is likely to happen at some point, it will not happen frequently enough for natural selection to be able to swiftly eliminate the allele from the population, and as a result, the allele will be maintained at low levels in the gene pool. However, if a family of carriers begins to interbreed with each other, this will dramatically increase the likelihood of two carriers mating and eventually producing diseased offspring, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. Changes in allele frequencies that are identified in a population can shed light on how it is evolving. In addition to natural selection, there are other evolutionary forces that could be in play: genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, nonrandom mating, and environmental variances. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What does temperature measure?
Choices:
A. average potential energy of molecules
B. highest potential energy of molecules
C. average kinetic energy of molecules
D. lowest kinetic energy of molecules
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Air temperature measures the heat energy of air molecules. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What is the term for when the water of the ocean slowly rises and falls?
Choices:
A. dew
B. waves
C. currents
D. tides
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: The water slowly rises and falls because of tides. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Female monotremes lack a uterus and vagina. instead they have what?
Choices:
A. urethra
B. cloaca
C. endometrium
D. placenta
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: Female monotremes lack a uterus and vagina. Instead, they have a cloaca with one opening. The opening is used to excrete wastes as well as lay eggs. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What class of oxygencontaining compounds is formed by the dehydration of alcohols?
Choices:
A. reagents
B. nethers
C. sugars
D. ethers
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Two other classes, aldehydes and ketones, are formed by the oxidation of alcohols. Ethers, another class, are made by the dehydration of alcohols. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Group 16 is called the oxygen group. what is the only metalloid in this group?
Choices:
A. tellurium
B. gallium
C. cadmium
D. beryllium
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Group 16 is called the oxygen group. Tellurium is the only metalloid in this group. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: In his work with pea plants, mendel performed what, which involves mating two true-breeding individuals that have different traits?
Choices:
A. cross-breeding
B. hybridization
C. assimilation
D. mutations
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: These are plants that always produce offspring that look like the parent. By experimenting with true-breeding pea plants, Mendel avoided the appearance of unexpected traits in offspring that might occur if the plants were not true breeding. The garden pea also grows to maturity within one season, meaning that several generations could be evaluated over a relatively short time. Finally, large quantities of garden peas could be cultivated simultaneously, allowing Mendel to conclude that his results did not come about simply by chance. Mendel performed hybridizations, which involve mating two true-breeding individuals that have different traits. In the pea, which is naturally self-pollinating, this is done by manually transferring pollen from the anther of a mature pea plant of one variety to the stigma of a separate mature pea plant of the second variety. Mendel collected the seeds produced by the P plants that resulted from each cross and grew them the following season. He then allowed them to self-fertilize naturally and collected and grew the seeds from the F1 plants to produce the F2 generation. Mendel’s experiments extended beyond the F2 generation to the F3 generation, F4 generation, and so on, but it was the ratio of characteristics in the P, F1, and F2 generations that were the most intriguing and became the basis of Mendel’s postulates. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What type of minerals form when salt water evaporates?
Choices:
A. sulfide
B. fermite
C. halide
D. carbonate
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Halide minerals are salts. They form when salt water evaporates. This mineral class includes more than just table salt. Halide minerals may contain the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Some halide minerals combine with metal elements. Common table salt is a halide mineral that contains the elements chlorine and sodium. Fluorite is a type of halide that contains fluorine and calcium. Fluorite can be found in many colors. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What are identified by the azimuthal quantum number?
Choices:
A. sub-energy levels
B. radioactivity - energy levels
C. covalent bonds
D. ionic-energy level
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Sub-energy levels are identified by the azimuthal quantum number. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Desert plants have special stems and leaves to conserve what?
Choices:
A. food
B. air
C. habitat
D. water
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Each organism has the ability to survive in a specific environment. Dry desert environments are difficult to live in. Desert plants have special stems and leaves to conserve water. Animals have other ways to live in the desert. The Namib Desert receives only 1.5 inches of rainfall each year. The Namib Desert beetle lives there. How do the beetles get enough water to survive? Early morning fog deposits water droplets. The droplets collect on a beetle's wings and back. The beetle tilts its rear end up. When the droplet is heavy enough, it slides forward. It lands in the beetle’s mouth. There are many other environments that need unique approaches for survival. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What substance causes oxidation by accepting electrons?
Choices:
A. oxidizing agent
B. thermal agent
C. enzymes
D. solvents
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: The substance that causes oxidation by accepting electrons is called an oxidizing agent. The oxidizing agent is the substance that is reduced, while the reducing agent is the substance that is oxidized. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Angiosperm success is a result of two novel structures that ensure reproductive success: flowers and this?
Choices:
A. fruit
B. glass
C. ants
D. food
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Angiosperm success is a result of two novel structures that ensure reproductive success: flowers and fruit. Flowers allowed plants to form cooperative evolutionary relationships with animals, in particular insects, to disperse their pollen to female gametophytes in a highly targeted way. Fruit protect the developing embryo and serve as an agent of dispersal. Different structures on fruit reflect the dispersal strategies that help with the spreading of seeds. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Squamata is the largest order of what broad animal group, and includes lizards and snakes?
Choices:
A. amphibians
B. mammals
C. spiny fishes
D. reptiles
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Lizards and snakes belong to the largest order of reptiles, Squamata. Lizards are a large group of reptiles, with nearly 5,000 species, living on every continent except Antarctica. Some places are just too cold for lizards. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Animals that have been modified to express recombinant dna are called what?
Choices:
A. mammalian animals
B. reproducing animals
C. aquatic animals
D. transgenic animals
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Animals that have been modified to express recombinant DNA are called transgenic animals. Several human proteins are expressed in the milk of transgenic sheep and goats, and some are expressed in the eggs of chickens. Mice have been used extensively for expressing and studying the effects of recombinant genes and mutations. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: In a medium, the closer the distribution of the material gets to what state, the slower the rate of diffusion becomes?
Choices:
A. erosion
B. gas
C. elastic
D. equilibrium
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: The closer the distribution of the material gets to equilibrium, the slower the rate of diffusion becomes. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: When substances pass through the cell membrane without needing any energy what is it called?
Choices:
A. kinetic transport
B. active transport
C. energetic transport
D. passive transport
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Passive transport occurs when a substance passes through the cell membrane without needing any energy to pass through. This happens when a substance moves from an area where it is more concentrated to an area where it is less concentrated. Concentration is the number of particles of a substance in a given volume. Let's say you dissolve a teaspoon of salt in a cup of water. Then you dissolve two teaspoons of salt in another cup of water. The second solution will have a higher concentration of salt. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Elements that do not need to conduct electricity are known as what?
Choices:
A. alloys
B. silicates
C. nonmetals
D. carbonates
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Nonmetals are elements that do not conduct electricity. They are the second largest class of elements. Nonmetals are also poor conductors of heat. The majority of nonmetals are gases. Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What does the moon not have to protect it from extreme temperatures?
Choices:
A. metals
B. oceans
C. oxygen
D. atmosphere
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: The Moon has no atmosphere. With no atmosphere, the Moon is not protected from extreme temperatures. The average surface temperature during the day is approximately 107°C (225°F). Daytime temperatures can reach as high as 123°C (253°F). At night, the average temperature drops to -153°C (-243°F). The lowest temperatures measured are as low as -233°C (-397°F). | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What happens between particles with opposite charges?
Choices:
A. they attract
B. they oppose
C. they repel
D. they become static
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: When charged particles are close enough to exert force on each other, their electric fields interact. Particles with opposite charges attract each other. Particles with like charges repel each other. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Which generation of a plant is generally larger and longer-lived?
Choices:
A. dominant generation
B. effective generation
C. main generation
D. alpha generation
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: One of the two generations of a plant’s life cycle is typically dominant to the other generation. Whether it’s the sporophyte or gametophyte generation, individuals in the dominant generation live longer and grow larger. They are the green, photosynthetic structures that you would recognize as a fern, tree, or other plant. Individuals in the nondominant generation, in contrast, may be very small and rarely seen. They may live in or on the dominant plant. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Mammals belong to which class of vertebrates?
Choices:
A. chondrichthyes
B. agnathas
C. endothermic
D. placoderms
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Mammals are a class of endothermic vertebrates. They have four limbs and produce amniotic eggs. Examples of mammals include bats, whales, mice, and humans. Clearly, mammals are a very diverse group. Nonetheless, they share many traits that set them apart from other vertebrates. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Animals that have feeding patterns that are somewhere between that of herbivores and carnivores can be called what?
Choices:
A. omnivores
B. insectivores
C. megavores
D. nematodes
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Animals obtain their nutrition from the consumption of other organisms. Depending on their diet, animals can be classified into the following categories: plant eaters (herbivores), meat eaters (carnivores), and those that eat both plants and animals (omnivores). The nutrients and macromolecules present in food are not immediately accessible to the cells. There are a number of processes that modify food within the animal body in order to make the nutrients and organic molecules accessible for cellular function. As animals evolved in complexity of form and function, their digestive systems have also evolved to accommodate their various dietary needs. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What organs produce eggs?
Choices:
A. glands
B. ovaries
C. kidneys
D. testes
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: Mitochondria are organelles found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They are responsible for generating most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What kind of reaction adds water to an organic molecule and breaks the large molecule into smaller molecules?
Choices:
A. aerobic reaction
B. hydration reaction
C. heat reaction
D. supplementation reaction
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: A hydration reaction is the opposite of a dehydration reaction. A hydration reaction adds water to an organic molecule and breaks the large molecule into smaller molecules. Hydration reactions occur in an acidic water solution. An example of a hydration reaction is the breaking of peptide bonds in polypeptides. A hydroxide ion (OH - ) and a hydrogen ion (H + ) bond to the carbon atoms that formed the peptide bond. This breaks the peptide bond and results in two amino acids. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: How much larger can the most powerful light microscropes make an image?
Choices:
A. 100 times
B. 500 times
C. 2000 times
D. 10 times
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Light microscopes allow biologists to see small details of a specimen. Most of the microscopes used in schools and laboratories are light microscopes. Light microscopes use lenses, typically made of glass or plastic, to focus light either into the eye, a camera, or some other light detector. The most powerful light microscopes can make images up to 2,000 times larger. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: In mammals, air is warmed and humidified in what?
Choices:
A. esophagus
B. lungs
C. nasal cavity
D. stomach
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: In mammals, air is warmed and humidified in the nasal cavity. Air then travels down the pharynx and larynx, through the trachea, and into the lungs. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What is the specialized tissue that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant and allows these plants to grow taller?
Choices:
A. vascular tissue
B. blood vessels
C. dioxide tissue
D. fiber tissue
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Vascular tissue is specialized tissue that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant. The development of vascular tissue allowed these plants to grow much taller than nonvascular plants. Vascular tissue includes xylem, which transports water from the roots to the rest of the plant; and phloem, which transports sugars and nutrients from the leaves throughout the plant. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What is the term for the method of sending out ultrasound waves to determine the locations of objects?
Choices:
A. echolocation
B. magnetism
C. catabolism
D. morphology
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Animals such as bats and dolphins send out ultrasound waves and use their echoes, or reflected waves, to identify the locations of objects they cannot see. This is called echolocation. Animals use echolocation to find prey and avoid running into objects in the dark. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: In autosomal dominant inheritance only one "affected" what is necessary to result in an "affected" phenotype?
Choices:
A. allele
B. molecule
C. cells
D. trait
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Autosomal Dominant Inheritance. Only one “affected” allele is necessary to result in the “affected” phenotype. For a genetic disease inherited in this manner, only one mutant allele is necessary to result in the phenotype. Both homozygous and heterozygous individuals will show the phenotype. Homozygous achondroplasia is usually a lethal condition. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: When the nucleus divides, the two chromatids that make up each chromosome separate from each other and move to opposite poles of the cell during this process?
Choices:
A. meiosis
B. mitosis
C. cytokinesis
D. spawning
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: During mitosis, the two chromatids that make up each chromosome separate from each other and move to opposite poles of the cell. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What is the layer above the troposphere?
Choices:
A. thermosphere
B. mesosphere
C. troposphere
D. stratosphere
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: The stratosphere is the layer above the troposphere. Temperature increases with altitude in this layer. The ozone layer occurs here. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Which system consists of organs that break down food and absorb nutrients such as glucose?
Choices:
A. digestive system
B. excretory system
C. circulatory system
D. urinary system
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: The digestive system consists of organs that break down food and absorb nutrients such as glucose. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What part of the eye controls the size of the pupil?
Choices:
A. avis
B. iris
C. lens
D. debis
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: The iris is the colored part of the eye. It controls the size of the pupil. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Depending on a tumor’s location, for example, cancer surgeons may be unable to remove it. radiation and chemotherapy are difficult, and it is often impossible to target only the cancer cells. the treatments inevitably destroy this?
Choices:
A. host cells
B. healthy cells
C. fertility
D. carcinogens
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: Cancer treatments vary depending on the disease’s type and stage. Traditional approaches, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy, aim to remove or kill rapidly dividing cancer cells, but these strategies have their limitations. Depending on a tumor’s location, for example, cancer surgeons may be unable to remove it. Radiation and chemotherapy are difficult, and it is often impossible to target only the cancer cells. The treatments inevitably destroy healthy tissue as well. To address this, researchers are working on pharmaceuticals that can target specific proteins implicated in cancer-associated molecular pathways. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Sodium is an example of what sort of thing that cannot exist by itself in nature?
Choices:
A. aspect
B. element
C. concept
D. compound
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: Sodium cannot be found by itself because it interacts easily with other materials. The element helium does not interact with other elements to any extent. We can isolate helium from natural gas. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What type of resource is water power?
Choices:
A. renewable
B. nonrenewable
C. biological
D. geothermal
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Water power does not burn a fuel, so it causes less pollution than many other kinds of energy. Water power is also a renewable resource because water keeps flowing downhill. Although we use some of the energy from this movement, we are not using up the water. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: The two main agents of soil erosion are water and what else?
Choices:
A. humidity
B. wind
C. glaciers
D. steam
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: The main agents of soil erosion are water and wind. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What do aggregate fruits like raspberries form from?
Choices:
A. chloroplast fused together
B. carpels fused together
C. follicles fused together
D. germinoles fused together
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: Aggregate fruits, like raspberries, form from many carpels that fuse together. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What kind of ions are named by adding the suffix -ide to the end?
Choices:
A. positive ions
B. similar ions
C. negative ions
D. particular ions
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: When an atom gains an electron, it becomes an ion with more electrons than protons and a negative charge. Negative ions are named by adding the suffix –ide to the first part of the element name. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: These resources can be remade quickly, through natural processes
Choices:
A. electric
B. non-renewable
C. fossil fuel
D. renewable
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Natural resources can be classified as either renewable or nonrenewable. Renewable resources, such as sunlight and living things, can be remade quickly by natural processes. Nonrenewable resources, such as fossil fuels and soil, cannot be remade or else take millions of years to remake. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Inorganic chemical compounds can be broadly classified into two groups: ionic compounds and which other group?
Choices:
A. molecular compounds
B. electromagnetic compounds
C. cellular compounds
D. atomic compounds
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Inorganic chemical compounds can be broadly classified into two groups: ionic compounds and molecular compounds. The structure of ionic compounds is an extended three-dimensional array of alternating positive and negative ions. Since ionic compounds do not take the form of individual molecules, they are represented by empirical formulas. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Fish are a diverse and interesting group of organisms in what sub-phylum?
Choices:
A. vertebrates
B. mammals
C. invertebrates
D. organelles
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Fish are a diverse and interesting group of organisms in the vertebrates sub-phylum. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Spinal cord injuries are notoriously difficult to treat because spinal nerves do not do what?
Choices:
A. regenerate
B. cover
C. cartilage
D. moisture
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Spinal cord injuries are notoriously difficult to treat because spinal nerves do not regenerate. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: The ratio of displacement to time interval is the average what?
Choices:
A. direction
B. velocity
C. speed
D. acceleration
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: The velocity of an object can be found from a position vs time graph. The ratio of displacement to time interval is the average velocity. This ratio is also the slope of the line. Therefore, the slope of the straight line is the average velocity. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What is the modern periodic table based on?
Choices:
A. element mass
B. element density
C. atomic number
D. metallic number
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: The modern periodic table is based on atomic number. Elements in each period go from metals on the left to metalloids and then nonmetals on the right. Within groups, elements have similar properties. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: The needle of a compass is made of what element?
Choices:
A. tin
B. iron
C. nickel
D. aluminum
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: The needle of a compass is made of the element iron. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What is the process in which the genetic code in mrna is read to make a protein called?
Choices:
A. splicing
B. expression
C. translation
D. modification
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Translation is the process in which the genetic code in mRNA is read to make a protein. After mRNA leaves the nucleus, it moves to a ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins. The ribosome reads the sequence of codons in mRNA. Molecules of tRNA bring amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What type of protein speeds up chemical reactions in cells?
Choices:
A. collagen
B. hemoglobin
C. enzyme
D. lipids
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Proteins are an essential part of all organisms. They play many roles in living things. Certain proteins provide a scaffolding that maintains the shape of cells. Proteins also make up the majority of muscle tissues. Many proteins are enzymes that speed up chemical reactions in cells. Enzymes interact with the substrates (reactants) of a biochemical reaction, helping the reaction proceed at a much faster rate. Other proteins are antibodies that protect you from pathogens. Still other proteins help carry messages or materials in and out of cells. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: In what part of the lungs is pulmonary gas exchanged?
Choices:
A. trachea
B. alveoli
C. bronchi
D. bronchioles
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: Pulmonary gas exchange is the exchange of gases between inhaled air and the blood. It occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. Alveoli (singular, alveolus) are grape-like clusters surrounded by networks of thin-walled pulmonary capillaries. After you inhale, there is a greater concentration of oxygen in the alveoli than in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries, so oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood across the capillaries. Carbon dioxide, in contrast, is more concentrated in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries than in the alveoli, so it diffuses in the opposite direction. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What phenomenon occurs when strong winds blow surface water away from shore, allowing deeper water to flow to the surface and take its place?
Choices:
A. upwelling
B. tsunami
C. hurricane
D. percolating
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Deep ocean water rises to the surface. This is called upwelling. Strong winds blow surface water away from shore. This allows deeper water to flow to the surface and take its place. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: When does the nucleus divide?
Choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. mitosis
C. epistasis
D. meiosis
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: The nucleus divides during mitosis, and the cytoplasm divides during cytokinesis. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves are related to what type of function?
Choices:
A. digestion
B. pulmonary
C. respiratory
D. sensory
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Sensory Nerves The olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves (cranial nerves I, II, and VIII) are dedicated to four of the special senses: smell, vision, equilibrium, and hearing, respectively. Taste sensation is relayed to the brain stem through fibers of the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve that carries the general somatic senses from the head, similar to those coming through spinal nerves from the rest of the body. Testing smell is straightforward, as common smells are presented to one nostril at a time. The patient should be able to recognize the smell of coffee or mint, indicating the proper functioning of the olfactory system. Loss of the sense of smell is called anosmia and can be lost following blunt trauma to the head or through aging. The short axons of the first cranial nerve regenerate on a regular basis. The neurons in the olfactory epithelium have a limited life span, and new cells grow to replace the ones that die off. The axons from these neurons grow back into the CNS by following the existing axons—representing one of the few examples of such growth in the mature nervous system. If all of the fibers are sheared when the brain moves within the cranium, such as in a motor vehicle accident, then no axons can find their way back to the olfactory bulb to reestablish connections. If the nerve is not completely severed, the anosmia may be temporary as new neurons can eventually reconnect. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What happens when alkanes are mixed with oxygen at room temperature?
Choices:
A. combustion
B. no reaction
C. single replacement
D. redox
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: Alkanes undergo so few reactions that they are sometimes called paraffins, from the Latin parum affinis, meaning “little affinity.” Nothing happens when alkanes are merely mixed with oxygen (O2) at room temperature. When a flame or spark provides the activation energy, a highly exothermic combustion reaction proceeds vigorously. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: At the bottom of lakes and ponds, bacteria in what zone break down dead organisms that sink there?
Choices:
A. aphotic zone
B. photic
C. trophic
D. photoreactive zone
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: At the bottom of lakes and ponds, bacteria in the aphotic zone break down dead organisms that sink to the bottom. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What is the name for a heterotroph that eats only or mainly animal foods?
Choices:
A. omnivore
B. macrophage
C. herbivore
D. carnivore
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Carnivores are heterotrophs that eat only or mainly animal foods. Carnivores may eat other mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, mollusks, worms, and/or insects. Mammals that are carnivores include anteaters, whales, hyenas, wolves, and seals. Carnivores that eat mainly insects are classified as insectivores. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What is the name of an extreme form of radiation fog?
Choices:
A. aura fog
B. cedar fog
C. tule fog
D. smelt fog
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Tule fog is an extreme form of radiation fog. This type of fog strikes the Central Valley of California in winter. Radiation fog forms at night, with clear skies and high relative humidity. The ground cools, air near the ground cools below its dew point. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: In what form is most of the earth's freshwater?
Choices:
A. frozen
B. steam
C. liqued
D. gas
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Oceans of salt water cover much of Earth’s surface. Freshwater is water that contains little or no salt. Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen in ice caps and glaciers. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What is the common name for a simple harmonic oscillator, which basically consists of a small object suspended on a wire or string?
Choices:
A. pendulum
B. pendant
C. metronome
D. yo-yo
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: For small displacements, a pendulum is a simple harmonic oscillator. A simple pendulum is defined to have a small mass, also known as the pendulum bob, which is suspended from a light wire or string. Exploring the simple pendulum further, we can discover the conditions under which it performs simple harmonic motion, and we can derive an interesting expression for its period. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What kind of process occurs without the need for a continual input of energy from some external source?
Choices:
A. Decay Process
B. Different Process
C. spontaneous process
D. induced process
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Summary 16.1 Spontaneous processes occur without the need for a continual input of energy from some external source, while nonspontaneous processes require such. Systems undergoing a spontaneous process may or may not experience a gain or loss of energy, but they will experience a change in the way matter and/or energy is distributed within the system. 16.2 Entropy (S) is a state function that can be related to the number of microstates for a system and to the ratio of reversible heat to kelvin temperature. It may be interpreted as a measure of the dispersal or distribution of matter and/or energy in a system, and it is often described as representing the “disorder” of the system. For a given substance, entropy is typically greater for heavier atoms or more complex molecules. Entropy increases when a system is heated and when solutions form. 16.3 The second law of thermodynamics states that a spontaneous process increases the entropy of the universe, Suniv > 0. If ΔSuniv < 0, the process is nonspontaneous, and if ΔSuniv = 0, the system is at equilibrium. The third law of thermodynamics establishes the zero for entropy as that of a perfect, pure crystalline solid at 0 K. 16.4 Gibbs free energy (G) is a state function defined with regard to system quantities only and may be used to predict the spontaneity of a process. A negative value for ΔG indicates a spontaneous process; a positive ΔG indicates a nonspontaneous process; and a ΔG of zero indicates that the system is at equilibrium. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What are fungus-like protists?
Choices:
A. feces
B. bacteria
C. molds
D. viruses
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Fungus-like protists are molds. They are absorptive feeders on decaying organic matter. They resemble fungi, and they reproduce with spores as fungi do. However, they are quite different from fungi and more like other protists. For example, they have cell walls made of cellulose, whereas fungi have cell walls made of chitin. Like other protists, they have complicated life cycles with both asexual and sexual reproduction. They are motile during some stages of their life cycle. Two major types of fungus-like protists are slime molds and water molds. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Electrons exist only where the wave is what?
Choices:
A. spinning
B. stable
C. solid
D. seen
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: In the 1920s, physicists discovered that electrons do not travel in fixed paths. In fact, they found that electrons only have a certain chance of being in any particular place. They could only describe where electrons are with mathematical formulas. That’s because electrons have wave-like properties as well as properties of particles of matter. It is the "wave nature" of electrons that lets them exist only at certain distances from the nucleus. The negative electrons are attracted to the positive nucleus. However, because the electrons behave like waves, they bend around the nucleus instead of falling toward it. Electrons exist only where the wave is stable. These are the orbitals. They do not exist where the wave is not stable. These are the places between orbitals. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What are the simplest hydrocarbons?
Choices:
A. saturated hydrocarbons
B. complex carbohydrates
C. unsaturated hydrocarbons
D. fossil fuels
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. They are the simplest hydrocarbons. They are called saturated because each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. In other words, the carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen. Each carbon atom is bonded to three hydrogen atoms in this compound, which is named ethane. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: The shield type of what phenomenon commonly forms above hotspots in the oceans?
Choices:
A. volcano
B. tornado
C. tsunami
D. hurricane
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Shield volcanoes commonly form above hotspots in the oceans. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Bromide is present in brines, which are naturally occurring solutions of what?
Choices:
A. magnesium
B. calcium
C. salt
D. iron
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Bromide is present in naturally occurring salt solutions called brines. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What shape are the eight sides of an octahedra?
Choices:
A. triangles
B. rectangles
C. hexagon
D. square
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Octahedra have eight sides that are all shaped like triangles. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Unlike an adult sponge, what stage is motile due to cilia that propel it through water?
Choices:
A. pupa
B. parasite
C. larva
D. zygote
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: Sperm are released into the surrounding water. If they enter a female sponge, they may be trapped by collar cells. Trapped sperm are delivered to eggs inside the female body, where fertilization takes place. The resulting zygote develops into a larva. Unlike the adult, the larva is motile. It is covered with cilia that propel it through the water. As the larva grows, it becomes more similar to an adult sponge and loses its ability to swim. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What weather phenomenon, which may bring clouds and precipitation, is created by stalled air masses?
Choices:
A. stationary front
B. Horizontal Front
C. cool front
D. susceptible front
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Air masses can stop moving when they meet. These stalled air masses create a stationary front. Such a front may bring clouds and precipitation to the same area for many days. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What keeps glaciers from forming in water?
Choices:
A. skin
B. salt
C. movement
D. warmth
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: D
Explanation: Glaciers form only on land because water is too warm. When a glacier flows into water, it usually breaks up into icebergs. Those icebergs eventually melt into the water. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: The human skeleton is an endoskeleton that consists of 206 bones in the adult. it has five main functions: providing support to the body, storing minerals and lipids, producing blood cells, protecting internal organs, and this?
Choices:
A. more movement
B. enough movement
C. allowing movement
D. Forward movement
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: C
Explanation: The human skeleton is an endoskeleton that consists of 206 bones in the adult. It has five main functions: providing support to the body, storing minerals and lipids, producing blood cells, protecting internal organs, and allowing for movement. The skeletal system in vertebrates is divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: How is sediment transported?
Choices:
A. currents
B. winds
C. storms
D. landslides
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: The shore may have a lot of sediment washed from land or eroded from cliffs. The sediment is transported by currents. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: Vertebrates have tissues which are organized into organs which in turn are organized into what?
Choices:
A. organ systems
B. information systems
C. artificial systems
D. maturation systems
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Vertebrates have tissues which are organized into organs which in turn are organized into organ systems. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What can renewable resources can be replaced by?
Choices:
A. human processes
B. natural processes
C. change processes
D. fossil fuels
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: Renewable resources can be replaced by natural processes as quickly as they are used. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: When warm air rises up to the tropopause, where does it flow?
Choices:
A. east or north
B. north or south
C. west or south
D. east or west
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: B
Explanation: It can’t rise any higher, so it flows north or south. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Question: What kind of messages do neurons send?
Choices:
A. electrical messages
B. minor messages
C. digestive messages
D. Neurotic messages
First, state only the correct answer in the format: <Your answer>. Then, provide a detailed explanation starting on a new line with Explanation:.
| Answer: A
Explanation: Nervous tissue consists of nerve cells, or neurons, which can send and receive electrical messages. Nervous tissue makes up the brain, spinal cord, and other nerves that run throughout the body. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/sciq + unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it-unsloth-bnb-4bit |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.