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A four-year-old girl came to the emergency department with a palpable purpuric rash on the lower limbs and buttocks, pain and swelling in the left ankle and on the second finger of the right hand. As a background, the week prior to the onset of the clinical picture she had acute pharyngitis. Additional tests: Microbiology: rapid detection of group A β-hemolytic streptococcus negative, sterile urine culture, negative blood culture. Blood count: leukocytes 8320/mm3, haemoglobin 13 g/dl, platelets 276 000/mm3, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the first hour of 18 mm/h. Coagulation tests: prothrombin time 13.9 seconds (range 10-14), Quick's index 69% (range 70-150), international normalised ratio (INR) 1.25 (range 0.85-1.15), activated partial thromboplastin time 31.4 seconds (range 26-36), fibrinogen 429 ng/ml (range 200-400). Biochemistry: glucose 82 mg/dl, urea 20 mg/dl, creatinine 0.40 mg/dl, total/direct bilirubin 0.4/0.2 mg/dl, total protein 7.5 g/dl, albumin 3.5 g/dl, total calcium 8.6 mg/dl, GOT/GPT 23/15 IU/l, GGT 15 IU/l, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 254 IU/l, FA 127 IU/l. Ions: Na 130 mEq/l, K 3.5 mEq/l, Cl 103 mEq/l. C-reactive protein 1.05 mg/dl. Urine sediment: no significant proteinuria or haematuria. Due to the clinical characteristics, the case suggests Schönlein-Henoch purpura with joint involvement as a first possibility. The case evolved satisfactorily with oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and rest.
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en
A 32-year-old woman, diagnosed with SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome 6 years ago, monitored in the outpatient rheumatology department, on treatment with prednisone (15 mg a day), ASA (100 mg a day), calcium (1 g), vitamin D (800 u) and omeprazole (20 mg a day). He reported fever (40oC), predominantly in the evening, of one week's duration, with no other accompanying symptoms. Physical examination revealed only hepatosplenomegaly, with no palpable lymphadenopathy. Blood cultures, urine culture and mantoux were negative; echo-Dopler and chest X-ray were normal; thoraco-abdominal CT scan was normal, except for hepatosplenomegaly with no apparent focal lesions. Laboratory tests showed Hb 6.7, leukocytes 1,000 (400 neutrophils, 500 lymphocytes), platelets 60,000, ANA 1/1,280, anti-DNA 42.3, rheumatoid factor 176, CRP 11.9, C3 122/C4 11.2, proteinogram (gamma globulin 44.2) and normal serology. In view of the possible outbreak of SLE, it was decided to transfuse two red blood cell concentrates, daily injections of C-GSF, boluses of 1 g of methylprednisolone for three days, and amikazin and ceftazidime as empirical treatment for neutropenia. After four days with the treatment described, the fever remained at 40°C, with similar laboratory values: in a new analysis, Hb 8.5, leukocytes 1,000 (400 neutrophils, 500 lymphocytes), platelets 32,000, thinking that the symptoms did not correspond to an outbreak of the disease. A sternal puncture was performed and abundant haemoparasites of the genus Leishmania were found, confirming the suspected diagnosis. Treatment was started with liposomal amphotericin B 200 mg per day for 5 days, and the patient became afebrile on the second day. Control laboratory tests 10 days after treatment: Hb 11, leucocytes 2600 (1700 neutrophils) and platelets 97,000 at discharge.
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[ { "text": "Leishmania", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1509, "end": 1519 }, { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 14, "end": 19 }, { "text": "haemoparasites", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1481, "end": 1495 } ]
en
Anamnesis A 53-year-old male patient whose only history of interest was a traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a subdural haematoma (SDH) at the level of the cerebral sickle, mild vascular encephalopathy and anosmia. He was not taking any chronic medication. The patient came to the emergency department with asthenia, a loss of 10 kilograms (kg) in two months and oppressive and intense abdominal pain at the epigastric level that worsened with ingestion. Due to these symptoms, the patient was admitted to Internal Medicine for further investigation. The tests performed showed AF (alkaline phosphatase): 516, GGT (Gamma glutamyl transferase): 282, Ca (carbohydrate antigen) 19.9: 3800 with the rest of the determinations being normal. Abdominal ultrasound showed hepatomegaly with multiple lesions, which were later confirmed by computerised tomography (CT), showing multiple hepatic lesions and a larger lesion measuring 10 cm. A colonoscopy was performed to rule out primary tumour pathology at this level, which was normal. Gross needle biopsy (GAB) of the liver lesion showed adenocarcinoma of probable pancreato-biliary origin with positive EMA, positive cytokeratin 17 and 19 and all other markers negative. With this diagnosis he was referred to Medical Oncology for assessment. The day before the medical oncology consultation, the patient came to the emergency department with a picture of confusion that had been present for 12 hours since waking up. The family reports that the patient does not seem to understand what is said to him and does not express words correctly. He was assessed by the on-call oncologist who corroborated the confusional picture and global aphasia and decided to admit the patient to Medical Oncology for study. Physical examination ECOG Scale (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group): 3. Karnofsky Scale: 60. Disorientated in the three spheres. Language poorly comprehensible. Unresponsive to verbal commands. Discrete deviation of gaze to the left. Difficult exploration of cranial nerves due to lack of cooperation. Good mobility of upper and lower limbs. The abdomen was soft and depressible with hepatomegaly. The rest of the examination was unremarkable. Complementary tests CBC: Glucose: 336, FA: 346, CRP (C Reactive Protein): 26.04, Hb: 9.3, Leukocytes: 34330, Neutrophils: 29760. All other tests were normal. Serology: VDRL, IgG (Immunoglobulin G) Borrelia burgdoferi, HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus), VZV (Varicella Zoster Virus) and Enterovirus: Negative. Simple brain CT scan: No findings of acute brain pathology. Cerebral MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): No malignant lesions were observed. Dural fistula of the right sigmoid sinus with retrograde flow and venous congestion of the temporo-parietal cortical veins and deep system. CT TAP (Thorax abdomen pelvis): Compared with the previous CT scan, larger liver lesions were observed. No pathological lesions were observed at other levels. Lumbar puncture: Biochemistry: CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) clear and transparent. Leukocytes 22/field (77% PMN), Red cells 0, Glucose 92, Proteins 25.4. Autoinuminance: Anti-neuronal antibodies IFI (indirect immunofluorescence) (Amphiphysin, Ma2/Ta, Ri, Yo, Hu): Negative. Pathology: No presence of tumour cells. Diagnosis PARANEOPLASTIC LIMBIC ENCEPHALITIS WITH FOCAL STATUS LIMITED TO LANGUAGE. Treatment Monotherapy was started with Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2, days 1, 8, 15 every 28 days, with doses adjusted to 80% for the patient's baseline situation. On the eighth day of treatment, the patient suffered a marked worsening and developed bone marrow toxicity (Hb: 7.6g/dL). Due to this worsening, it was decided to discontinue treatment and refer the patient to Palliative Home Care. Evolution The patient presented a torpid evolution with persistence of global aphasia. Initially, CT and MRI scans of the brain were performed, which ruled out brain metastases or leptomeningeal involvement. Lumbar puncture was performed with microbiological analysis, cytology and onconeuronal antibodies. Herpes Simplex Virus1 (HSV1) infection was suspected as it can cause encephalitis with symptoms compatible with those of our patient, so empirical treatment was started with Acyclovir, which was suspended after obtaining a negative serology result. On the fourth day of admission he presented two focal tonic-clonic seizures with trismus, without sphincter relaxation. The urgent CT scan was normal and the electroencephalogram (EEG) showed significant distress in temporal and diencephalic areas. Treatment with phenytoin and methylprednisolone was started, with progressive improvement of the confusional picture and aphasia. After 11 days of stay, the patient showed good expressive and compressive language and remained oriented in all three spheres and was discharged from hospital. Three weeks after discharge, he attended the Oncology Outpatient Clinic, presented ECOG:2 and chemotherapy treatment was started (QMT) in monotherapy with Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2, days 1, 8, 15 every 28 days, with doses adjusted to 80% for the patient's baseline situation. On the eighth day after the first cycle, he presented with great deterioration of general condition with an ECOG:3, jaundice, ascites and abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium with indurated and painful hepatomegaly. Analysis showed anaemia (Hb: 7.6 g/dL) not present at discharge. Due to the clinical deterioration and haematological toxicity, it was decided by consensus with the family to suspend chemotherapy and carry out symptomatic treatment. The patient was referred to the Palliative Home Care Unit. The patient died at home two months later.
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"transferase", ")", ":", "282", ",", "Ca", "(", "carbohydrate", "antigen", ")", "19", ".", "9", ":", "3800", "with", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "determinations", "being", "normal", ".", "Abdominal", "ultrasound", "showed", "hepatomegaly", "with", "multiple", "lesions", ",", "which", "were", "later", "confirmed", "by", "computerised", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", ",", "showing", "multiple", "hepatic", "lesions", "and", "a", "larger", "lesion", "measuring", "10", "cm", ".", "A", "colonoscopy", "was", "performed", "to", "rule", "out", "primary", "tumour", "pathology", "at", "this", "level", ",", "which", "was", "normal", ".", "Gross", "needle", "biopsy", "(", "GAB", ")", "of", "the", "liver", "lesion", "showed", "adenocarcinoma", "of", "probable", "pancreato-biliary", "origin", "with", "positive", "EMA", ",", "positive", "cytokeratin", "17", "and", "19", "and", "all", "other", "markers", "negative", ".", "With", "this", "diagnosis", "he", "was", "referred", "to", "Medical", "Oncology", 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"Unresponsive", "to", "verbal", "commands", ".", "Discrete", "deviation", "of", "gaze", "to", "the", "left", ".", "Difficult", "exploration", "of", "cranial", "nerves", "due", "to", "lack", "of", "cooperation", ".", "Good", "mobility", "of", "upper", "and", "lower", "limbs", ".", "The", "abdomen", "was", "soft", "and", "depressible", "with", "hepatomegaly", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "examination", "was", "unremarkable", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "CBC", ":", "Glucose", ":", "336", ",", "FA", ":", "346", ",", "CRP", "(", "C", "Reactive", "Protein", ")", ":", "26", ".", "04", ",", "Hb", ":", "9", ".", "3", ",", "Leukocytes", ":", "34330", ",", "Neutrophils", ":", "29760", ".", "All", "other", "tests", "were", "normal", ".", "Serology", ":", "VDRL", ",", "IgG", "(", "Immunoglobulin", "G", ")", "Borrelia", "burgdoferi", ",", "HSV", "(", "Herpes", "Simplex", "Virus", ")", ",", "VZV", "(", "Varicella", "Zoster", "Virus", ")", "and", "Enterovirus", ":", "Negative", ".", "Simple", 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"Care", ".", "Evolution", "The", "patient", "presented", "a", "torpid", "evolution", "with", "persistence", "of", "global", "aphasia", ".", "Initially", ",", "CT", "and", "MRI", "scans", "of", "the", "brain", "were", "performed", ",", "which", "ruled", "out", "brain", "metastases", "or", "leptomeningeal", "involvement", ".", "Lumbar", "puncture", "was", "performed", "with", "microbiological", "analysis", ",", "cytology", "and", "onconeuronal", "antibodies", ".", "Herpes", "Simplex", "Virus1", "(", "HSV1", ")", "infection", "was", "suspected", "as", "it", "can", "cause", "encephalitis", "with", "symptoms", "compatible", "with", "those", "of", "our", "patient", ",", "so", "empirical", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "Acyclovir", ",", "which", "was", "suspended", "after", "obtaining", "a", "negative", "serology", "result", ".", "On", "the", "fourth", "day", "of", "admission", "he", "presented", "two", "focal", "tonic-clonic", "seizures", "with", "trismus", ",", "without", "sphincter", "relaxation", ".", "The", "urgent", "CT", "scan", "was", "normal", "and", "the", "electroencephalogram", "(", "EEG", ")", "showed", "significant", "distress", "in", "temporal", "and", "diencephalic", "areas", ".", "Treatment", "with", "phenytoin", "and", "methylprednisolone", "was", "started", ",", "with", "progressive", "improvement", "of", "the", "confusional", "picture", "and", "aphasia", ".", "After", "11", "days", "of", "stay", ",", "the", "patient", "showed", "good", "expressive", "and", "compressive", "language", "and", "remained", "oriented", "in", "all", "three", "spheres", "and", "was", "discharged", "from", "hospital", ".", "Three", "weeks", "after", "discharge", ",", "he", "attended", "the", "Oncology", "Outpatient", "Clinic", ",", "presented", "ECOG", ":", "2", "and", "chemotherapy", "treatment", "was", "started", "(", "QMT", ")", "in", "monotherapy", "with", "Gemcitabine", "1000", "mg", "/", "m2", ",", "days", "1", ",", "8", ",", "15", "every", "28", "days", ",", "with", "doses", "adjusted", "to", "80", "%", "for", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "baseline", "situation", ".", "On", "the", "eighth", "day", "after", "the", "first", "cycle", ",", "he", "presented", "with", "great", "deterioration", "of", "general", "condition", "with", "an", "ECOG", ":", "3", ",", "jaundice", ",", "ascites", "and", "abdominal", "pain", "in", "the", "right", "hypochondrium", "with", "indurated", "and", "painful", "hepatomegaly", ".", "Analysis", "showed", "anaemia", "(", "Hb", ":", "7", ".", "6", "g", "/", "dL", ")", "not", "present", "at", "discharge", ".", "Due", "to", "the", "clinical", "deterioration", "and", "haematological", "toxicity", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "by", "consensus", "with", "the", "family", "to", "suspend", "chemotherapy", "and", "carry", "out", "symptomatic", "treatment", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "Palliative", "Home", "Care", "Unit", ".", "The", "patient", "died", "at", "home", "two", "months", "later", "." ]
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en
A 37-year-old woman with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia presented with erythematous target lesions distributed on the dorsal and ventral sides of the hands and elbows. He also presented with painful ulcers on the lips, tongue and palate. Ocular and genital mucous membranes were normal. Lesions appeared on day 5 of treatment for COVID-19, which consisted of hydroxychloroquine (day 1: 2x400 mg, days 2-4: 2x200 mg), azithromycin (day 1: 1x500 mg, days 2-4: 1x250 mg) and oseltamivir (2x75 mg for 5 days). Symptoms associated with COVID-19 pneumonia appeared 10 days before the rash. The patient had no history of similar rashes. She also had no history of herpes infection. Complete blood count, biochemical parameters and serological tests for herpes simplex virus IgM and IgG, Epstein-Barr virus IgM and IgG, cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG, and HCV and Mycoplasma IgM and IgG were within normal limits. No biopsy was performed due to the risk of infection. The patient was diagnosed with erythema multiforme gravis and all medication was discontinued. Treatment was started with 40 mg/day oral methylprednisolone, tapered to 5 mg per day. Antiseptic mouthwashes and topical anaesthetics were also applied. On day 8 of treatment, the pneumonia and skin lesions subsided significantly and the patient was discharged without further complications.
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en
A 52-year-old diabetic woman with poor metabolic control. She presented with deterioration of general condition, fever and oligoanuria. Pain in the right renal fossa and iliac fossa with peritonism. Due to anuria and deterioration of renal function, she was admitted to the ICU. Chest X-ray. Chest X-ray: left pleural effusion (chronic). Abdominal ultrasound: cholelithiasis. Cranial CAT scan s/c: No findings. Sepsis of probable urinary origin.
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 23, "end": 28 } ]
en
Background A 37-year-old man of South American origin who had been living in Spain for 5 years. No drug allergies. Active life. No cardiovascular risk factors. No toxic habits. No family history of cardiomyopathy or other hereditary diseases. No relevant medical-surgical history. Current illness The patient came to the Cardiology department referred by his company doctor after a routine medical check-up revealed striking electrocardiographic alterations. He reported only sporadic episodes of regular palpitations of short duration (2-3 minutes) unrelated to exertion that subsided spontaneously, with a weekly frequency. She denies chest pain or dyspnoea. She has not presented syncope. Physical examination Good general condition. BP: 110/60 mmHg. HR: 60 bpm. Cardiac auscultation: rhythmic, fixed splitting of the second sound. No murmurs or extratonos. Pulmonary auscultation: preserved vesicular murmur without rales. Abdomen: soft and depressible, not painful on palpation, no masses or organomegaly. Lower limbs: no oedema. Symmetrical paedial pulses. COMPLEMENTARY TESTS ECG: sinus rhythm at 60 bpm, first-degree atrioventricular block (PR 210 ms), complete right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock, convex ST-segment elevation and T-wave inversion in precordial leads. 24-hour Holter: no supra- or ventricular arrhythmias were detected. No evidence of advanced atrioventricular block. Laboratory tests: glucose 98 mg/dL, urea 32 mg/dL, creatinine 0.86 mg/dL (CrCl 110 ml/ min/1.73 m2 -CKD-EPI), sodium 143 mEq/L, potassium 4 mEq/L, NT-proBNP 102 pg/ml, CK 387 ng/ml, CK-MB 9.8 ng/ml, TnT 0.01, haemoglobin 14 g/dL, haematocrit 45%, MCV 85 fL, leucocytes 7980 /mm3, platelets 270000 /mm3, INR: 0,9. Chest X-ray: normal cardiothoracic index, no pulmonary infiltrates, free costophrenic sinuses, normal mediastinum. Transthoracic echocardiography: LV slightly dilated (LVEDD indexed by CS of 3.3 cm/m2) with normal wall thickness. No alterations in segmental contractility. LVEF 52%. Transmitral Doppler filling pattern of impaired relaxation. RV of normal dimensions with systolic function by longitudinal parameters at the lower limit of normality. Cardiac MRI: minimal dilatation of both ventricles (LVEDV 181/VTSVI 96 ml) with slightly depressed biventricular systolic function (LVEF 50%). The late enhancement sequence shows multiple foci of transmural enhancement with patchy distribution of septal, basal lateral and apical predominance suggestive of fibrosis. EVOLUTION Taking into account that the patient came from a Chagas disease endemic area, serological tests were performed to detect circulating antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi: both were positive (ELISA 8 and immunofluorescence >1/160), confirming the diagnosis of chronic infection by this parasite. Oesophagogastric barium transit and abdominal radiography were also performed, which ruled out gastrointestinal involvement. The patient was diagnosed with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCM) based on the results of serology, ECG, transthoracic echocardiogram and cardiac MRI; and treatment with benznidazole 100 mg/8h for two months was indicated and completed with good tolerance. Ten months after diagnosis, the patient died suddenly while playing tennis. He was attended by the emergency services who detected asystole as the first rhythm on arrival. Advanced CPR manoeuvres were unsuccessful and the patient finally died. As death occurred in an out-of-hospital environment, a forensic autopsy was performed. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the heart confirmed the characteristic involvement of CCM. DIAGNOSIS Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. Dilatation and mild biventricular systolic dysfunction with transmural patchy LV fibrosis. Sudden cardiac death.
[ "Background", "A", "37-year-old", "man", "of", "South", "American", "origin", "who", "had", "been", "living", "in", "Spain", "for", "5", "years", ".", "No", "drug", "allergies", ".", "Active", "life", ".", "No", "cardiovascular", "risk", "factors", ".", "No", "toxic", "habits", ".", "No", "family", "history", "of", "cardiomyopathy", "or", "other", "hereditary", "diseases", ".", "No", "relevant", "medical-surgical", "history", ".", "Current", "illness", "The", "patient", "came", "to", "the", "Cardiology", "department", "referred", "by", "his", "company", "doctor", "after", "a", "routine", "medical", "check-up", "revealed", "striking", "electrocardiographic", "alterations", ".", "He", "reported", "only", "sporadic", "episodes", "of", "regular", "palpitations", "of", "short", "duration", "(", "2-3", "minutes", ")", "unrelated", "to", "exertion", "that", "subsided", "spontaneously", ",", "with", "a", "weekly", "frequency", ".", "She", "denies", "chest", "pain", "or", "dyspnoea", ".", "She", "has", "not", "presented", "syncope", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Good", "general", "condition", ".", "BP", ":", "110", "/", "60", "mmHg", ".", "HR", ":", "60", "bpm", ".", "Cardiac", "auscultation", ":", "rhythmic", ",", "fixed", "splitting", "of", "the", "second", "sound", ".", "No", "murmurs", "or", "extratonos", ".", "Pulmonary", "auscultation", ":", "preserved", "vesicular", "murmur", "without", "rales", ".", "Abdomen", ":", "soft", "and", "depressible", ",", "not", "painful", "on", "palpation", ",", "no", "masses", "or", "organomegaly", ".", "Lower", "limbs", ":", "no", "oedema", ".", "Symmetrical", "paedial", "pulses", ".", "COMPLEMENTARY", "TESTS", "ECG", ":", "sinus", "rhythm", "at", "60", "bpm", ",", "first-degree", "atrioventricular", "block", "(", "PR", "210", "ms", ")", ",", "complete", "right", "bundle", "branch", "block", "and", "left", "anterior", "hemiblock", ",", "convex", "ST-segment", "elevation", "and", "T-wave", "inversion", "in", "precordial", "leads", ".", "24-hour", "Holter", ":", "no", "supra", "-", "or", "ventricular", "arrhythmias", "were", "detected", ".", "No", "evidence", "of", "advanced", "atrioventricular", "block", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", ":", "glucose", "98", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "urea", "32", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "creatinine", "0", ".", "86", "mg", "/", "dL", "(", "CrCl", "110", "ml", "/", "min", "/", "1", ".", "73", "m2", "-", "CKD-EPI", ")", ",", "sodium", "143", "mEq", "/", "L", ",", "potassium", "4", "mEq", "/", "L", ",", "NT-proBNP", "102", "pg", "/", "ml", ",", "CK", "387", "ng", "/", "ml", ",", "CK-MB", "9", ".", "8", "ng", "/", "ml", ",", "TnT", "0", ".", "01", ",", "haemoglobin", "14", "g", "/", "dL", ",", "haematocrit", "45", "%", ",", "MCV", "85", "fL", ",", "leucocytes", "7980", "/", "mm3", ",", "platelets", "270000", "/", "mm3", ",", "INR", ":", "0", ",", "9", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "normal", "cardiothoracic", "index", ",", "no", "pulmonary", "infiltrates", ",", "free", "costophrenic", "sinuses", ",", "normal", "mediastinum", ".", "Transthoracic", "echocardiography", ":", "LV", "slightly", "dilated", "(", "LVEDD", "indexed", "by", "CS", "of", "3", ".", "3", "cm", "/", "m2", ")", "with", "normal", "wall", "thickness", ".", "No", "alterations", "in", "segmental", "contractility", ".", "LVEF", "52", "%", ".", "Transmitral", "Doppler", "filling", "pattern", "of", "impaired", "relaxation", ".", "RV", "of", "normal", "dimensions", "with", "systolic", "function", "by", "longitudinal", "parameters", "at", "the", "lower", "limit", "of", "normality", ".", "Cardiac", "MRI", ":", "minimal", "dilatation", "of", "both", "ventricles", "(", "LVEDV", "181", "/", "VTSVI", "96", "ml", ")", "with", "slightly", "depressed", "biventricular", "systolic", "function", "(", "LVEF", "50", "%", ")", ".", "The", "late", "enhancement", "sequence", "shows", "multiple", "foci", "of", "transmural", "enhancement", "with", "patchy", "distribution", "of", "septal", ",", "basal", "lateral", "and", "apical", "predominance", "suggestive", "of", "fibrosis", ".", "EVOLUTION", "Taking", "into", "account", "that", "the", "patient", "came", "from", "a", "Chagas", "disease", "endemic", "area", ",", "serological", "tests", "were", "performed", "to", "detect", "circulating", "antibodies", "against", "Trypanosoma", "cruzi", ":", "both", "were", "positive", "(", "ELISA", "8", "and", "immunofluorescence", ">", "1", "/", "160", ")", ",", "confirming", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "chronic", "infection", "by", "this", "parasite", ".", "Oesophagogastric", "barium", "transit", "and", "abdominal", "radiography", "were", "also", "performed", ",", "which", "ruled", "out", "gastrointestinal", "involvement", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "chronic", "chagasic", "cardiomyopathy", "(", "CCM", ")", "based", "on", "the", "results", "of", "serology", ",", "ECG", ",", "transthoracic", "echocardiogram", "and", "cardiac", "MRI", ";", "and", "treatment", "with", "benznidazole", "100", "mg", "/", "8h", "for", "two", "months", "was", "indicated", "and", "completed", "with", "good", "tolerance", ".", "Ten", "months", "after", "diagnosis", ",", "the", "patient", "died", "suddenly", "while", "playing", "tennis", ".", "He", "was", "attended", "by", "the", "emergency", "services", "who", "detected", "asystole", "as", "the", "first", "rhythm", "on", "arrival", ".", "Advanced", "CPR", "manoeuvres", "were", "unsuccessful", "and", "the", "patient", "finally", "died", ".", "As", "death", "occurred", "in", "an", "out-of-hospital", "environment", ",", "a", "forensic", "autopsy", "was", "performed", ".", "Macroscopic", "and", "microscopic", "examination", "of", "the", "heart", "confirmed", "the", "characteristic", "involvement", "of", "CCM", ".", "DIAGNOSIS", "Chronic", "chagasic", "cardiomyopathy", ".", "Dilatation", "and", "mild", "biventricular", "systolic", "dysfunction", "with", "transmural", "patchy", "LV", "fibrosis", ".", "Sudden", "cardiac", "death", "." ]
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en
A 22-year-old male patient, with no history of interest except for being a regular smoker of marijuana, came to the emergency department reporting enlargement of the left scrotal sac after physical exertion 24 hours earlier, with pain of sudden onset and moderate intensity. No fever or micturition syndrome, nor irradiation of the pain. There was no associated neurovegetative cortex or alterations in bowel rhythm. On physical examination he was apyretic and normotensive, with good skin and mucous membrane colouring. The abdomen is soft and depressible, non-painful and without masses. The renal fossae are free. The right testicle showed no alterations while in the left testicle there was a stony tumour 2-3cm in diameter, non-mobile, in the upper pole of the left testicle, with negative transillumination. Laboratory tests showed no abnormal parameters. In the testicular ultrasound, both testicles showed a normal echostructure with preserved Doppler flow, showing an extratesticular solid mass, in contact with the upper pole of the left teste of 25mm with vessels in its periphery. The patient was admitted to complete the study and identify the lesion. Following the oncological protocol, the preoperative staging was completed with chest X-ray, testicular tumour markers and general analyses, and abdominal-pelvic CT scan without finding any pathological alterations in any of the tests. A surgical exploration was then performed via the inguinal route where a slightly dented left paratesticular mass with smooth curves, pearly and stony in consistency, easy to dissect with a cleavage plane between it and the upper pole of the left testicle and spermatic cord on the same side, with some venous vessels in its periphery, was observed. A perioperative biopsy was taken which showed fibrous tissue with no malignant cellularity. The lesion was excised, leaving the teste and epididymis intact, sparing the patient a radical orchiectomy. With an uneventful postoperative period, he was discharged two days after the operation. The anatomopathological report of the surgical specimen was a solitary fibrous tumour of the tunica vaginalis. In the postoperative control two years after the operation, the patient is asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrence and free of disease.
[ "A", "22-year-old", "male", "patient", ",", "with", "no", "history", "of", "interest", "except", "for", "being", "a", "regular", "smoker", "of", "marijuana", ",", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "reporting", "enlargement", "of", "the", "left", "scrotal", "sac", "after", "physical", "exertion", "24", "hours", "earlier", ",", "with", "pain", "of", "sudden", "onset", "and", "moderate", "intensity", ".", "No", "fever", "or", "micturition", "syndrome", ",", "nor", "irradiation", "of", "the", "pain", ".", "There", "was", "no", "associated", "neurovegetative", "cortex", "or", "alterations", "in", "bowel", "rhythm", ".", "On", "physical", "examination", "he", "was", "apyretic", "and", "normotensive", ",", "with", "good", "skin", "and", "mucous", "membrane", "colouring", ".", "The", "abdomen", "is", "soft", "and", "depressible", ",", "non-painful", "and", "without", "masses", ".", "The", "renal", "fossae", "are", "free", ".", "The", "right", "testicle", "showed", "no", "alterations", "while", "in", "the", "left", "testicle", "there", "was", "a", "stony", "tumour", "2-3cm", "in", "diameter", ",", "non-mobile", ",", "in", "the", "upper", "pole", "of", "the", "left", "testicle", ",", "with", "negative", "transillumination", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "no", "abnormal", "parameters", ".", "In", "the", "testicular", "ultrasound", ",", "both", "testicles", "showed", "a", "normal", "echostructure", "with", "preserved", "Doppler", "flow", ",", "showing", "an", "extratesticular", "solid", "mass", ",", "in", "contact", "with", "the", "upper", "pole", "of", "the", "left", "teste", "of", "25mm", "with", "vessels", "in", "its", "periphery", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "to", "complete", "the", "study", "and", "identify", "the", "lesion", ".", "Following", "the", "oncological", "protocol", ",", "the", "preoperative", "staging", "was", "completed", "with", "chest", "X-ray", ",", "testicular", "tumour", "markers", "and", "general", "analyses", ",", "and", "abdominal-pelvic", "CT", "scan", "without", "finding", "any", "pathological", "alterations", "in", "any", "of", "the", "tests", ".", "A", "surgical", "exploration", "was", "then", "performed", "via", "the", "inguinal", "route", "where", "a", "slightly", "dented", "left", "paratesticular", "mass", "with", "smooth", "curves", ",", "pearly", "and", "stony", "in", "consistency", ",", "easy", "to", "dissect", "with", "a", "cleavage", "plane", "between", "it", "and", "the", "upper", "pole", "of", "the", "left", "testicle", "and", "spermatic", "cord", "on", "the", "same", "side", ",", "with", "some", "venous", "vessels", "in", "its", "periphery", ",", "was", "observed", ".", "A", "perioperative", "biopsy", "was", "taken", "which", "showed", "fibrous", "tissue", "with", "no", "malignant", "cellularity", ".", "The", "lesion", "was", "excised", ",", "leaving", "the", "teste", "and", "epididymis", "intact", ",", "sparing", "the", "patient", "a", "radical", "orchiectomy", ".", "With", "an", "uneventful", "postoperative", "period", ",", "he", "was", "discharged", "two", "days", "after", "the", "operation", ".", "The", "anatomopathological", "report", "of", "the", "surgical", "specimen", "was", "a", "solitary", "fibrous", "tumour", "of", "the", "tunica", "vaginalis", ".", "In", "the", "postoperative", "control", "two", "years", "after", "the", "operation", ",", "the", "patient", "is", "asymptomatic", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "recurrence", "and", "free", "of", "disease", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis In November 2010, a 46-year-old man was diagnosed with a localised hypopharyngeal neoplasm due to dysphonia, dysphagia, odynophagia and reflex otalgia on the left (left). The patient had a history of smoking and alcoholism, a traumatic brain injury with intraparenchymal haemorrhage in the left frontobasal region and a liver enzyme alteration related to alcoholism. Physical examination Physical examination at diagnosis revealed a left laterocervical tumour measuring 5-6 cm in the middle jugular chain, fixed, difficult to delimit and painful, and a 1 cm lymphadenopathy in the left lower jugular vein. Examination by the ENT department revealed an excrescent lesion in the left pharyngeal wall with involvement of the aryepiglottic fold and left piriform sinus with fixation of the left vocal cord (IVC). Complementary tests At diagnosis, the following complementary tests were performed: "Cervical CT scan: tumour in the left pyriform sinus with cranial extension through the lateral pharyngeal wall to the tonsillar glossolaryngeal fold region. Extension to the larynx with infiltration of the left aryepiglottic fold, band and IVC. Medial extension to posterior pharyngeal wall at retrocricoid level, crossing midline. Exolaryngeal extension with infiltration of perithyroid musculature on both sides of left wing of thyroid cartilage suggestive of infiltration. Caudally, it contacts the apical portion of the left thyroid lobe without a fatty plane of separation. Pathological adenopathy in group IIA and III on the left. "Thoracic-abdominal CT scan: normal. "Referred to ENT examination and biopsy. Diagnosis The patient was diagnosed with a hypopharyngeal neoplasm in the left pyriform sinus (moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma), cT4N2M, stage IVA. Treatment In December 2010 he began radical treatment (tto) with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (QT) with cisplatin (CDDP), ending in February 2011. After completing the treatment, he was assessed in March 2011 as a partial response of the primary tumour and adenopathy by imaging tests, and on physical examination, there was a large decrease in the size of the adenopathic mass in the middle jugular chain and disappearance of the adenopathy in the lower jugular chain. He was admitted several times before, during and after the initial treatment for dysphagia, oesophagitis and aspiration pneumonia, and a feeding gastrostomy was placed. On 17 May 2011, a total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy and bilateral functional emptying was performed. Subsequent admissions due to colonisation of the pharyngostoma by Pseudomonas and secondary bacteraemia treated with antibiotic therapy with good evolution. Evolution In October 2013, radiological left laterocervical lymph node recurrence was detected, non-surgical due to carotid artery involvement, and so a first line of QT treatment was started according to the CDDP-5-fluorouracil (5FU)-cetuximab scheme. Fifteen days after starting this treatment, he was admitted for loss of vision in the left eye secondary to occlusion of the central retinal artery (CRA). Examination revealed palpebral ptosis and alteration of the left cranial facial nerve in relation to compression by the conglomerate in the left internal carotid artery (ICAI) and paraneoplastic hypercoagulability syndrome, and the following complementary tests were performed: "Cerebral angioresonance showed absence of flow in intracranial ICAI due to external compression of the adenopathic conglomerate. It is assessed that this has occurred progressively, and that it compensates through the right carotid artery with somewhat more accelerated flows and opening of the anterior communicating artery. "Supra-aortic trunks duplex (TSA) and transcranial (12/11/2013): shows inverted left occipital artery (AOI). Neck difficult to assess, identifying the left carotid axis. Calcified plaque in the right bulb without any repercussions. Rest of arteries normal. "In staging CT (15/11/2013): good radiological evolution of the adenopathic conglomerate with left laterocervical necrotic component. Left carotid artery thrombosis. "In addition, analytically, polyglobulia was observed (haemoglobin 21.7 g/dl, haematocrit 59.1%), which was considered paraneoplastic after ruling out Polycythaemia Vera (normal EPO, negative JAK-2), requiring frequent phlebotomies. Anti-aggregation therapy was started with acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg and phlebotomy was performed. He was discharged with the following diagnoses: RCA and LCA occlusion secondary to compression of the adenopathic conglomerate and paraneoplastic hypercoagulable state and paraneoplastic polyglobulia. After discharge, in December 2013, he was assessed again in consultations and treatment was restarted, this time with carboplatin (CBDCA)-5FU at 90% and colony-stimulating factor, performing three more cycles with stability of radiological disease after initial response with the 1st cycle with CDDP-5FU-Cetuximab. Thrombosis of the right external iliac artery (AIED) was also observed, with chronic thrombosis persisting in the left common aortotid artery (ACCI), so anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin at 1 mg/kg/12 hours was started at this time. After 2 more cycles of treatment (6 cycles in total), progression of the left laterocervical mass was observed, so a second line with weekly Paclitaxel and Cetuximab was started in April 2014, with very good progress after 2 cycles of treatment, with the laterocervical mass disappearing. She received 4 more cycles with the same scheme and is currently on maintenance treatment with Cetuximab with no evidence of disease. She persists with anopsia of the left eye which has not recovered and requires monthly phlebotomies in order to maintain a haematocrit of <50%. He also continues with anticoagulation due to persistent ACCI thrombosis and AIED.
[ "Anamnesis", "In", "November", "2010", ",", "a", "46-year-old", "man", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "a", "localised", "hypopharyngeal", "neoplasm", "due", "to", "dysphonia", ",", "dysphagia", ",", "odynophagia", "and", "reflex", "otalgia", "on", "the", "left", "(", "left", ")", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "a", "history", "of", "smoking", "and", "alcoholism", ",", "a", "traumatic", "brain", "injury", "with", "intraparenchymal", "haemorrhage", "in", "the", "left", "frontobasal", "region", "and", "a", "liver", "enzyme", "alteration", "related", "to", "alcoholism", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Physical", "examination", "at", "diagnosis", "revealed", "a", "left", "laterocervical", "tumour", "measuring", "5-6", "cm", "in", "the", "middle", "jugular", "chain", ",", "fixed", ",", "difficult", "to", "delimit", "and", "painful", ",", "and", "a", "1", "cm", "lymphadenopathy", "in", "the", "left", "lower", "jugular", "vein", ".", "Examination", "by", "the", "ENT", "department", "revealed", "an", "excrescent", "lesion", "in", "the", "left", "pharyngeal", "wall", "with", "involvement", "of", "the", "aryepiglottic", "fold", "and", "left", "piriform", "sinus", "with", "fixation", "of", "the", "left", "vocal", "cord", "(", "IVC", ")", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "At", "diagnosis", ",", "the", "following", "complementary", "tests", "were", "performed", ":", "\"", "Cervical", "CT", "scan", ":", "tumour", "in", "the", "left", "pyriform", "sinus", "with", "cranial", "extension", "through", "the", "lateral", "pharyngeal", "wall", "to", "the", "tonsillar", "glossolaryngeal", "fold", "region", ".", "Extension", "to", "the", "larynx", "with", "infiltration", "of", "the", "left", "aryepiglottic", "fold", ",", "band", "and", "IVC", ".", "Medial", "extension", "to", "posterior", "pharyngeal", "wall", "at", "retrocricoid", "level", ",", "crossing", "midline", ".", "Exolaryngeal", "extension", "with", "infiltration", "of", "perithyroid", "musculature", "on", "both", "sides", "of", "left", "wing", "of", "thyroid", "cartilage", "suggestive", "of", "infiltration", ".", "Caudally", ",", "it", "contacts", "the", "apical", "portion", "of", "the", "left", "thyroid", "lobe", "without", "a", "fatty", "plane", "of", "separation", ".", "Pathological", "adenopathy", "in", "group", "IIA", "and", "III", "on", "the", "left", ".", "\"", "Thoracic-abdominal", "CT", "scan", ":", "normal", ".", "\"", "Referred", "to", "ENT", "examination", "and", "biopsy", ".", "Diagnosis", "The", "patient", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "a", "hypopharyngeal", "neoplasm", "in", "the", "left", "pyriform", "sinus", "(", "moderately", "differentiated", "squamous", "cell", "carcinoma", ")", ",", "cT4N2M", ",", "stage", "IVA", ".", "Treatment", "In", "December", "2010", "he", "began", "radical", "treatment", "(", "tto", ")", "with", "radiotherapy", "(", "RT", ")", "and", "chemotherapy", "(", "QT", ")", "with", "cisplatin", "(", "CDDP", ")", ",", "ending", "in", "February", "2011", ".", "After", "completing", "the", "treatment", ",", "he", "was", "assessed", "in", "March", "2011", "as", "a", "partial", "response", "of", "the", "primary", "tumour", "and", "adenopathy", "by", "imaging", "tests", ",", "and", "on", "physical", "examination", ",", "there", "was", "a", "large", "decrease", "in", "the", "size", "of", "the", "adenopathic", "mass", "in", "the", "middle", "jugular", "chain", "and", "disappearance", "of", "the", "adenopathy", "in", "the", "lower", "jugular", "chain", ".", "He", "was", "admitted", "several", "times", "before", ",", "during", "and", "after", "the", "initial", "treatment", "for", "dysphagia", ",", "oesophagitis", "and", "aspiration", "pneumonia", ",", "and", "a", "feeding", "gastrostomy", "was", "placed", ".", "On", "17", "May", "2011", ",", "a", "total", "laryngectomy", "with", "partial", "pharyngectomy", "and", "bilateral", "functional", "emptying", "was", "performed", ".", "Subsequent", "admissions", "due", "to", "colonisation", "of", "the", "pharyngostoma", "by", "Pseudomonas", "and", "secondary", "bacteraemia", "treated", "with", "antibiotic", "therapy", "with", "good", "evolution", ".", "Evolution", "In", "October", "2013", ",", "radiological", "left", "laterocervical", "lymph", "node", "recurrence", "was", "detected", ",", "non-surgical", "due", "to", "carotid", "artery", "involvement", ",", "and", "so", "a", "first", "line", "of", "QT", "treatment", "was", "started", "according", "to", "the", "CDDP-5-fluorouracil", "(", "5FU", ")", "-", "cetuximab", "scheme", ".", "Fifteen", "days", "after", "starting", "this", "treatment", ",", "he", "was", "admitted", "for", "loss", "of", "vision", "in", "the", "left", "eye", "secondary", "to", "occlusion", "of", "the", "central", "retinal", "artery", "(", "CRA", ")", ".", "Examination", "revealed", "palpebral", "ptosis", "and", "alteration", "of", "the", "left", "cranial", "facial", "nerve", "in", "relation", "to", "compression", "by", "the", "conglomerate", "in", "the", "left", "internal", "carotid", "artery", "(", "ICAI", ")", "and", "paraneoplastic", "hypercoagulability", "syndrome", ",", "and", "the", "following", "complementary", "tests", "were", "performed", ":", "\"", "Cerebral", "angioresonance", "showed", "absence", "of", "flow", "in", "intracranial", "ICAI", "due", "to", "external", "compression", "of", "the", "adenopathic", "conglomerate", ".", "It", "is", "assessed", "that", "this", "has", "occurred", "progressively", ",", "and", "that", "it", "compensates", "through", "the", "right", "carotid", "artery", "with", "somewhat", "more", "accelerated", "flows", "and", "opening", "of", "the", "anterior", "communicating", "artery", ".", "\"", "Supra-aortic", "trunks", "duplex", "(", "TSA", ")", "and", "transcranial", "(", "12", "/", "11", "/", "2013", ")", ":", "shows", "inverted", "left", "occipital", "artery", "(", "AOI", ")", ".", "Neck", "difficult", "to", "assess", ",", "identifying", "the", "left", "carotid", "axis", ".", "Calcified", "plaque", "in", "the", "right", "bulb", "without", "any", "repercussions", ".", "Rest", "of", "arteries", "normal", ".", "\"", "In", "staging", "CT", "(", "15", "/", "11", "/", "2013", ")", ":", "good", "radiological", "evolution", "of", "the", "adenopathic", "conglomerate", "with", "left", "laterocervical", "necrotic", "component", ".", "Left", "carotid", "artery", "thrombosis", ".", "\"", "In", "addition", ",", "analytically", ",", "polyglobulia", "was", "observed", "(", "haemoglobin", "21", ".", "7", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "haematocrit", "59", ".", "1", "%", ")", ",", "which", "was", "considered", "paraneoplastic", "after", "ruling", "out", "Polycythaemia", "Vera", "(", "normal", "EPO", ",", "negative", "JAK-2", ")", ",", "requiring", "frequent", "phlebotomies", ".", "Anti-aggregation", "therapy", "was", "started", "with", "acetylsalicylic", "acid", "100", "mg", "and", "phlebotomy", "was", "performed", ".", "He", "was", "discharged", "with", "the", "following", "diagnoses", ":", "RCA", "and", "LCA", "occlusion", "secondary", "to", "compression", "of", "the", "adenopathic", "conglomerate", "and", "paraneoplastic", "hypercoagulable", "state", "and", "paraneoplastic", "polyglobulia", ".", "After", "discharge", ",", "in", "December", "2013", ",", "he", "was", "assessed", "again", "in", "consultations", "and", "treatment", "was", "restarted", ",", "this", "time", "with", "carboplatin", "(", "CBDCA", ")", "-", "5FU", "at", "90", "%", "and", "colony-stimulating", "factor", ",", "performing", "three", "more", "cycles", "with", "stability", "of", "radiological", "disease", "after", "initial", "response", "with", "the", "1st", "cycle", "with", "CDDP-5FU-Cetuximab", ".", "Thrombosis", "of", "the", "right", "external", "iliac", "artery", "(", "AIED", ")", "was", "also", "observed", ",", "with", "chronic", "thrombosis", "persisting", "in", "the", "left", "common", "aortotid", "artery", "(", "ACCI", ")", ",", "so", "anticoagulation", "with", "low", "molecular", "weight", "heparin", "at", "1", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "12", "hours", "was", "started", "at", "this", "time", ".", "After", "2", "more", "cycles", "of", "treatment", "(", "6", "cycles", "in", "total", ")", ",", "progression", "of", "the", "left", "laterocervical", "mass", "was", "observed", ",", "so", "a", "second", "line", "with", "weekly", "Paclitaxel", "and", "Cetuximab", "was", "started", "in", "April", "2014", ",", "with", "very", "good", "progress", "after", "2", "cycles", "of", "treatment", ",", "with", "the", "laterocervical", "mass", "disappearing", ".", "She", "received", "4", "more", "cycles", "with", "the", "same", "scheme", "and", "is", "currently", "on", "maintenance", "treatment", "with", "Cetuximab", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "disease", ".", "She", "persists", "with", "anopsia", "of", "the", "left", "eye", "which", "has", "not", "recovered", "and", "requires", "monthly", "phlebotomies", "in", "order", "to", "maintain", "a", "haematocrit", "of", "<", "50", "%", ".", "He", "also", "continues", "with", "anticoagulation", "due", "to", "persistent", "ACCI", "thrombosis", "and", "AIED", "." ]
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Anamnesis 65-year-old woman with intolerance to tramadol and admission to ICU in August 2007 due to urinary sepsis caused by Escherichia coli. Previous surgical interventions: fixation of dorsal spine due to kyphoscoliosis. Diagnosed in January 2008 by thoracic CT scan, PET scan, bronchoscopy and subsequent left upper lobectomy with lymphadenectomy of lung adenocarcinoma pT2pN0 (0/8) M0. Follow-up, with no evidence of disease, until September 11, when recurrence was documented by PET/CT in the form of two pulmonary nodules on which FNA was performed with an anatomopathological report of adenocarcinoma. In view of this, a left pneumonectomy plus lymphadenectomy was performed with an anatomopathological report of 2.4 cm well-differentiated adenocarcinoma that respects visceral pleura and surgical edges, without lymph node involvement and mutated EGFR. In February 13 a recurrence was observed in the form of a pulmonary nodule in the LSD together with right lower paratracheal adenopathy. Given the risk of complications, a new biopsy was ruled out and Gefitinib was indicated at the usual doses, 250 mg daily, with a complete radiological response, both by CT and PET, and with excellent tolerance. During follow-up, and being totally asymptomatic, pathological uptake in the mediastinal lymph nodes was detected by PET in December 15. Physical examination -Blood pressure 125/75 mm Hg, heart rate 90 beats/min, temperature 37o C, oxygen saturation 97%. -Conscious and oriented in 3 spheres. Non-hydrated, normoperfused and normo coloured. Eupneic at rest. IK 80 -Head and neck: jugular venous pressure normal, no adenopathy. -Chest: cardiac auscultation: rhythmic without murmurs. Pulmonary auscultation: hypoventilation left hemifield. Scars from previous interventions correct -Abdomen: Soft, not painful. Positive hydroaerial sounds. -Lower extremities: No oedema. Positive paedial sounds. Complementary tests -PET(December-2015): hypermetabolism in adenopathies located in high and low right paratracheal region (Suv 8.14), prevascular (Suv 3.45), aortopulmonary window (Suv 7.99) and right hilum (Suv 7.46), suggesting recurrence of the disease. -EBUS 4R and 4L: smear negative for malignant cells. Lymph node with granulomatous structures without necrosis. -Mediastinoscopy 4R, 4L and 2L: granulomatous epithelioid lymphadenitis compatible with Sarcoidosis. Diagnosis -Mediastinal sarcoidosis -Lung adenocarcinoma of lung with EGFR mutated lymph node recurrence in complete response to Gefitinib Treatment Given the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and the absence of systemic involvement and the fact that the patient was completely asymptomatic, a wait-and-see approach to treatment was adopted and follow-up was decided. With regard to treatment of the neoplasm, it was decided to maintain treatment with Gefitinib given the excellent response and tolerance. Evolution In view of the PET findings, and the patient being completely asymptomatic, it was decided to complete the study by EBUS and later mediastinoscopy, in order to determine whether or not there was a recurrence. Curiously, the anatomopathological study did not show the presence of malignant cells, but rather the opposite, an inflammatory process, such as sarcoidosis. This allowed us to maintain treatment with Gefitinib for our patient, who still maintains a complete response to this day.
[ "Anamnesis", "65-year-old", "woman", "with", "intolerance", "to", "tramadol", "and", "admission", "to", "ICU", "in", "August", "2007", "due", "to", "urinary", "sepsis", "caused", "by", "Escherichia", "coli", ".", "Previous", "surgical", "interventions", ":", "fixation", "of", "dorsal", "spine", "due", "to", "kyphoscoliosis", ".", "Diagnosed", "in", "January", "2008", "by", "thoracic", "CT", "scan", ",", "PET", "scan", ",", "bronchoscopy", "and", "subsequent", "left", "upper", "lobectomy", "with", "lymphadenectomy", "of", "lung", "adenocarcinoma", "pT2pN0", "(", "0", "/", "8", ")", "M0", ".", "Follow-up", ",", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "disease", ",", "until", "September", "11", ",", "when", "recurrence", "was", "documented", "by", "PET", "/", "CT", "in", "the", "form", "of", "two", "pulmonary", "nodules", "on", "which", "FNA", "was", "performed", "with", "an", "anatomopathological", "report", "of", "adenocarcinoma", ".", "In", "view", "of", "this", ",", "a", "left", "pneumonectomy", "plus", "lymphadenectomy", "was", "performed", "with", "an", "anatomopathological", "report", "of", "2", ".", "4", "cm", "well-differentiated", "adenocarcinoma", "that", "respects", "visceral", "pleura", "and", "surgical", "edges", ",", "without", "lymph", "node", "involvement", "and", "mutated", "EGFR", ".", "In", "February", "13", "a", "recurrence", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "form", "of", "a", "pulmonary", "nodule", "in", "the", "LSD", "together", "with", "right", "lower", "paratracheal", "adenopathy", ".", "Given", "the", "risk", "of", "complications", ",", "a", "new", "biopsy", "was", "ruled", "out", "and", "Gefitinib", "was", "indicated", "at", "the", "usual", "doses", ",", "250", "mg", "daily", ",", "with", "a", "complete", "radiological", "response", ",", "both", "by", "CT", "and", "PET", ",", "and", "with", "excellent", "tolerance", ".", "During", "follow-up", ",", "and", "being", "totally", "asymptomatic", ",", "pathological", "uptake", "in", "the", "mediastinal", "lymph", "nodes", "was", "detected", "by", "PET", "in", "December", "15", ".", "Physical", "examination", "-", "Blood", "pressure", "125", "/", "75", "mm", "Hg", ",", "heart", "rate", "90", "beats", "/", "min", ",", "temperature", "37o", "C", ",", "oxygen", "saturation", "97", "%", ".", "-", "Conscious", "and", "oriented", "in", "3", "spheres", ".", "Non-hydrated", ",", "normoperfused", "and", "normo", "coloured", ".", "Eupneic", "at", "rest", ".", "IK", "80", "-", "Head", "and", "neck", ":", "jugular", "venous", "pressure", "normal", ",", "no", "adenopathy", ".", "-", "Chest", ":", "cardiac", "auscultation", ":", "rhythmic", "without", "murmurs", ".", "Pulmonary", "auscultation", ":", "hypoventilation", "left", "hemifield", ".", "Scars", "from", "previous", "interventions", "correct", "-", "Abdomen", ":", "Soft", ",", "not", "painful", ".", "Positive", "hydroaerial", "sounds", ".", "-", "Lower", "extremities", ":", "No", "oedema", ".", "Positive", "paedial", "sounds", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "-", "PET", "(", "December-2015", ")", ":", "hypermetabolism", "in", "adenopathies", "located", "in", "high", "and", "low", "right", "paratracheal", "region", "(", "Suv", "8", ".", "14", ")", ",", "prevascular", "(", "Suv", "3", ".", "45", ")", ",", "aortopulmonary", "window", "(", "Suv", "7", ".", "99", ")", "and", "right", "hilum", "(", "Suv", "7", ".", "46", ")", ",", "suggesting", "recurrence", "of", "the", "disease", ".", "-", "EBUS", "4R", "and", "4L", ":", "smear", "negative", "for", "malignant", "cells", ".", "Lymph", "node", "with", "granulomatous", "structures", "without", "necrosis", ".", "-", "Mediastinoscopy", "4R", ",", "4L", "and", "2L", ":", "granulomatous", "epithelioid", "lymphadenitis", "compatible", "with", "Sarcoidosis", ".", "Diagnosis", "-", "Mediastinal", "sarcoidosis", "-", "Lung", "adenocarcinoma", "of", "lung", "with", "EGFR", "mutated", "lymph", "node", "recurrence", "in", "complete", "response", "to", "Gefitinib", "Treatment", "Given", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "sarcoidosis", "and", "the", "absence", "of", "systemic", "involvement", "and", "the", "fact", "that", "the", "patient", "was", "completely", "asymptomatic", ",", "a", "wait-and-see", "approach", "to", "treatment", "was", "adopted", "and", "follow-up", "was", "decided", ".", "With", "regard", "to", "treatment", "of", "the", "neoplasm", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "maintain", "treatment", "with", "Gefitinib", "given", "the", "excellent", "response", "and", "tolerance", ".", "Evolution", "In", "view", "of", "the", "PET", "findings", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "being", "completely", "asymptomatic", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "complete", "the", "study", "by", "EBUS", "and", "later", "mediastinoscopy", ",", "in", "order", "to", "determine", "whether", "or", "not", "there", "was", "a", "recurrence", ".", "Curiously", ",", "the", "anatomopathological", "study", "did", "not", "show", "the", "presence", "of", "malignant", "cells", ",", "but", "rather", "the", "opposite", ",", "an", "inflammatory", "process", ",", "such", "as", "sarcoidosis", ".", "This", "allowed", "us", "to", "maintain", "treatment", "with", "Gefitinib", "for", "our", "patient", ",", "who", "still", "maintains", "a", "complete", "response", "to", "this", "day", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Escherichia coli", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 125, "end": 141 }, { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 22, "end": 27 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2625, "end": 2632 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2924, "end": 2931 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 3315, "end": 3322 } ]
en
We present the case of a 66-year-old male patient with a history of hyperglycaemia under dietary treatment, epididymal tuberculosis (TBC), vocal cord decortication and smoker of 40 cigarettes/day, who came to the outpatient clinic for an episode of haematuria. Physical examination: good general condition. Rectal examination: grade I-II/IV prostate, elastic consistency, preserved limits. No suspicious areas were observed. Blood tests were performed (haemogram: red blood cells 5.09 million/mm; haemoglobin 15.8 g/dl; haematocrit 47.35%; platelets 250.0 thousand/mm; leukocytes 10.67 thousand/mm (neutrophils 47.10%, lymphocytes 44.9%, eosinophils 1.20%, basophils 0.8%). Coagulation study: no alterations. Biochemistry: no alterations; PSA 2.9) and urine (urine systemic: density 1015; pH 6.5; leucocytes 500/microl; nitrites negative; erythrocytes 10/field. Sediment: abundant leukocytes), with negative urine cytology (intense acute inflammatory component), simple abdominal X-ray showing lithiasis in the lower pole of the left kidney and abdominal ultrasound with normal right kidney, lithiasis in the lower pole of the left kidney and irregular dilatation of the ureter on the same side. At the bladder level, a mass of approximately 1 cm in maximum diameter was observed on the left lateral side. IVUS was performed, showing a left kidney with calyceal dilatation and irregularities all around, dilatation of the ureter on the same side, with tortuous and irregular contours, up to the iliac ureter. In its last 8-10 cm up to the bladder, the ureter has a normal appearance. Cystogram with contour irregularities in its upper portion. Cystoscopy was carried out and a tumour was observed on the left lateral side of the bladder, with a solid appearance and whitish colouring, which prevented the left ureteral orifice from being seen. A Löwenstein urine culture was requested and TUR of the bladder mass was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. PA report: granulomatous tuberculoid cystitis, compatible with TB. Lowenstein urine test: positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis with bladder tuberculoma and left renoureteral involvement and tuberculostatic treatment was started (Isoniazid 5 mg/kg/day + Pyrazinamide 30 mg/kg/day + Rifampicin 10 mg/kg/day for 2 months. Isoniazid + Rifampicin at the same doses for the following 4 months). During his follow-up (14 months after diagnosis and after treatment was completed), he developed a fistula with exudate in the left teste, the staining of which did not show any BAAR, with negative Lowenstein. It closed with local dressings. A control testicular ultrasound was performed, showing chronic changes in both epididymides with small bilateral hydrocele. Control IVUS was carried out and showed good evolution, improving the function and morphology of the urinary tract (left). In the last IVU performed (4 years after diagnosis), an alteration in the morphology of the lower pole of the left kidney was observed, with a decrease in the cortical area and associated variegated calcification in the parenchyma, all in relation to her diagnosis of TB. Ureters of normal calibre and morphology. Stress bladder and prostatic hypertrophy. Negative Löwenstein urine cultures were maintained at the end of medical treatment.
[ "We", "present", "the", "case", "of", "a", "66-year-old", "male", "patient", "with", "a", "history", "of", "hyperglycaemia", "under", "dietary", "treatment", ",", "epididymal", "tuberculosis", "(", "TBC", ")", ",", "vocal", "cord", "decortication", "and", "smoker", "of", "40", "cigarettes", "/", "day", ",", "who", "came", "to", "the", "outpatient", "clinic", "for", "an", "episode", "of", "haematuria", ".", "Physical", "examination", ":", "good", "general", "condition", ".", "Rectal", "examination", ":", "grade", "I-II", "/", "IV", "prostate", ",", "elastic", "consistency", ",", "preserved", "limits", ".", "No", "suspicious", "areas", "were", "observed", ".", "Blood", "tests", "were", "performed", "(", "haemogram", ":", "red", "blood", "cells", "5", ".", "09", "million", "/", "mm", ";", "haemoglobin", "15", ".", "8", "g", "/", "dl", ";", "haematocrit", "47", ".", "35", "%", ";", "platelets", "250", ".", "0", "thousand", "/", "mm", ";", "leukocytes", "10", ".", "67", "thousand", "/", "mm", "(", "neutrophils", "47", ".", "10", "%", ",", "lymphocytes", "44", ".", "9", "%", ",", "eosinophils", "1", ".", "20", "%", ",", "basophils", "0", ".", "8", "%", ")", ".", "Coagulation", "study", ":", "no", "alterations", ".", "Biochemistry", ":", "no", "alterations", ";", "PSA", "2", ".", "9", ")", "and", "urine", "(", "urine", "systemic", ":", "density", "1015", ";", "pH", "6", ".", "5", ";", "leucocytes", "500", "/", "microl", ";", "nitrites", "negative", ";", "erythrocytes", "10", "/", "field", ".", "Sediment", ":", "abundant", "leukocytes", ")", ",", "with", "negative", "urine", "cytology", "(", "intense", "acute", "inflammatory", "component", ")", ",", "simple", "abdominal", "X-ray", "showing", "lithiasis", "in", "the", "lower", "pole", "of", "the", "left", "kidney", "and", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "with", "normal", "right", "kidney", ",", "lithiasis", "in", "the", "lower", "pole", "of", "the", "left", "kidney", "and", "irregular", "dilatation", "of", "the", "ureter", "on", "the", "same", "side", ".", "At", "the", "bladder", "level", ",", "a", "mass", "of", "approximately", "1", "cm", "in", "maximum", "diameter", "was", "observed", "on", "the", "left", "lateral", "side", ".", "IVUS", "was", "performed", ",", "showing", "a", "left", "kidney", "with", "calyceal", "dilatation", "and", "irregularities", "all", "around", ",", "dilatation", "of", "the", "ureter", "on", "the", "same", "side", ",", "with", "tortuous", "and", "irregular", "contours", ",", "up", "to", "the", "iliac", "ureter", ".", "In", "its", "last", "8-10", "cm", "up", "to", "the", "bladder", ",", "the", "ureter", "has", "a", "normal", "appearance", ".", "Cystogram", "with", "contour", "irregularities", "in", "its", "upper", "portion", ".", "Cystoscopy", "was", "carried", "out", "and", "a", "tumour", "was", "observed", "on", "the", "left", "lateral", "side", "of", "the", "bladder", ",", "with", "a", "solid", "appearance", "and", "whitish", "colouring", ",", "which", "prevented", "the", "left", "ureteral", "orifice", "from", "being", "seen", ".", "A", "Löwenstein", "urine", "culture", "was", "requested", "and", "TUR", "of", "the", "bladder", "mass", "was", "performed", ".", "The", "postoperative", "course", "was", "uneventful", ".", "PA", "report", ":", "granulomatous", "tuberculoid", "cystitis", ",", "compatible", "with", "TB", ".", "Lowenstein", "urine", "test", ":", "positive", "for", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", ".", "Diagnosis", "of", "genitourinary", "tuberculosis", "with", "bladder", "tuberculoma", "and", "left", "renoureteral", "involvement", "and", "tuberculostatic", "treatment", "was", "started", "(", "Isoniazid", "5", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "+", "Pyrazinamide", "30", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "+", "Rifampicin", "10", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "for", "2", "months", ".", "Isoniazid", "+", "Rifampicin", "at", "the", "same", "doses", "for", "the", "following", "4", "months", ")", ".", "During", "his", "follow-up", "(", "14", "months", "after", "diagnosis", "and", "after", "treatment", "was", "completed", ")", ",", "he", "developed", "a", "fistula", "with", "exudate", "in", "the", "left", "teste", ",", "the", "staining", "of", "which", "did", "not", "show", "any", "BAAR", ",", "with", "negative", "Lowenstein", ".", "It", "closed", "with", "local", "dressings", ".", "A", "control", "testicular", "ultrasound", "was", "performed", ",", "showing", "chronic", "changes", "in", "both", "epididymides", "with", "small", "bilateral", "hydrocele", ".", "Control", "IVUS", "was", "carried", "out", "and", "showed", "good", "evolution", ",", "improving", "the", "function", "and", "morphology", "of", "the", "urinary", "tract", "(", "left", ")", ".", "In", "the", "last", "IVU", "performed", "(", "4", "years", "after", "diagnosis", ")", ",", "an", "alteration", "in", "the", "morphology", "of", "the", "lower", "pole", "of", "the", "left", "kidney", "was", "observed", ",", "with", "a", "decrease", "in", "the", "cortical", "area", "and", "associated", "variegated", "calcification", "in", "the", "parenchyma", ",", "all", "in", "relation", "to", "her", "diagnosis", "of", "TB", ".", "Ureters", "of", "normal", "calibre", "and", "morphology", ".", "Stress", "bladder", "and", "prostatic", "hypertrophy", ".", "Negative", "Löwenstein", "urine", "cultures", "were", "maintained", "at", "the", "end", "of", "medical", "treatment", "." ]
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[ { "text": "male patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 37, "end": 49 }, { "text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2072, "end": 2098 }, { "text": "tuberculostatic", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2203, "end": 2218 }, { "text": "BAAR", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2580, "end": 2584 } ]
en
A 65-year-old man with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. In a study for constitutional syndrome, he was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the lower rectum and an abdominal CT scan showed a mass in the pancreatic uncinate process, confirming pancreatic adenocarcinoma after ERCP. He received radiotherapy and underwent colostomy and cephalic duodenopancreatectomy. Drainage and bile fluid cultures were taken and Escherichia coli BLEE, Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated, and antibiotherapy with piperacillin/tazobactam was started, and she remained afebrile for eight days postoperatively. Subsequently, he developed a fever of 39°C, chills and vomiting. Examination with no findings except for an ejection systolic murmur; the patient was given a central venous catheter for postoperative parenteral nutrition. New blood cultures and drainage cultures were taken, VVC was removed and its tip was sent for culture. Despite changing antibiotic therapy to meropenem + vancomycin, fever persisted. Subsequently, Candida albicans was isolated in blood cultures, catheter and surgical drainage cultures, so fluconazole 400mg/day was added, and the patient continued to be febrile and acute phase reactants increased. Echocardiography, ocular fundus, echo-Doppler of supra-aortic trunks, chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasound were normal. Given the suspicion of possible pulmonary septic emboli, a thoracic tomography was requested, showing evidence of septic thrombophlebitis due to Candida Albicans in the subclavian artery. He died within hours due to multi-organ failure.
[ "A", "65-year-old", "man", "with", "hypertension", ",", "diabetes", "and", "dyslipidaemia", ".", "In", "a", "study", "for", "constitutional", "syndrome", ",", "he", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "adenocarcinoma", "of", "the", "lower", "rectum", "and", "an", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "showed", "a", "mass", "in", "the", "pancreatic", "uncinate", "process", ",", "confirming", "pancreatic", "adenocarcinoma", "after", "ERCP", ".", "He", "received", "radiotherapy", "and", "underwent", "colostomy", "and", "cephalic", "duodenopancreatectomy", ".", "Drainage", "and", "bile", "fluid", "cultures", "were", "taken", "and", "Escherichia", "coli", "BLEE", ",", "Citrobacter", "freundii", "and", "Klebsiella", "pneumoniae", "were", "isolated", ",", "and", "antibiotherapy", "with", "piperacillin", "/", "tazobactam", "was", "started", ",", "and", "she", "remained", "afebrile", "for", "eight", "days", "postoperatively", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "he", "developed", "a", "fever", "of", "39", "°", "C", ",", "chills", "and", "vomiting", ".", "Examination", "with", "no", "findings", "except", "for", "an", "ejection", "systolic", "murmur", ";", "the", "patient", "was", "given", "a", "central", "venous", "catheter", "for", "postoperative", "parenteral", "nutrition", ".", "New", "blood", "cultures", "and", "drainage", "cultures", "were", "taken", ",", "VVC", "was", "removed", "and", "its", "tip", "was", "sent", "for", "culture", ".", "Despite", "changing", "antibiotic", "therapy", "to", "meropenem", "+", "vancomycin", ",", "fever", "persisted", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "Candida", "albicans", "was", "isolated", "in", "blood", "cultures", ",", "catheter", "and", "surgical", "drainage", "cultures", ",", "so", "fluconazole", "400mg", "/", "day", "was", "added", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "continued", "to", "be", "febrile", "and", "acute", "phase", "reactants", "increased", ".", "Echocardiography", ",", "ocular", "fundus", ",", "echo-Doppler", "of", "supra-aortic", "trunks", ",", "chest", "X-ray", "and", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "were", "normal", ".", "Given", "the", "suspicion", "of", "possible", "pulmonary", "septic", "emboli", ",", "a", "thoracic", "tomography", "was", "requested", ",", "showing", "evidence", "of", "septic", "thrombophlebitis", "due", "to", "Candida", "Albicans", "in", "the", "subclavian", "artery", ".", "He", "died", "within", "hours", "due", "to", "multi-organ", "failure", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Candida albicans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1042, "end": 1058 }, { "text": "Candida Albicans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1510, "end": 1526 }, { "text": "Citrobacter freundii", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 442, "end": 462 }, { "text": "Escherichia coli BLEE", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 419, "end": 440 }, { "text": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 467, "end": 488 } ]
en
Sam is a 52-year-old male, ex-smoker, who denies any other cardiovascular risk factors. He has developed an unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil (T4bN2bM0) as a result of his past tobacco use. Currently undergoing radical treatment with cetuximab and radiotherapy. Asymptomatic from the cardiological point of view until the night of the day before the consultation, when he presented with central thoracic pain, oppressive and radiating to the back and neck, lasting a few hours. He denies having had fever or infectious symptoms. He consulted his primary care doctor who performed an electrocardiogram (ECG) in which they described an increase in the lower ST and high and low lateral ST, and was assessed by members of the Canary Islands Emergency Service (SUC) who informed the hospital of the diagnosis of inferolateral acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a view to carrying out primary angioplasty. On arrival at the Emergency Department he was found to be hypotensive, so dopamine was started at a dose of 15 mcg/kg/min, and the Haemodynamics section was contacted for urgent catheterisation, so the cardiologist on duty went down to assess the patient. The ECG was repeated. Physical examination revealed a poor general condition, with significant tachypnoea and arterial hypotension of 85/55 mmHg despite catecholamines and mild jugular venous insufficiency. Cardiac sounds are very diminished with no murmurs or friction rub. There is an erythematous lump on the neck, warm and painful on palpation. COMPLEMENTARY TESTS Laboratory tests: no leukocytosis, normocytic normochromic anaemia of 9.7 mg/dL and acute renal failure with creatinine of 2.4 mg/dL. Hb: 13.3 g/dL, leukocytes 64,000, platelets 77x10^3/mcL. Echocardiography: global and segmental left ventricular function was preserved and severe pericardial effusion was detected with a maximum of 36 mm at the anterior level. It is dense, hyperechogenic and mottled. There were signs of haemodynamic compromise, with collapse of the left atrium and a slight collapse of the right ventricle. Other complementary tests during admission: ECG: sinus rhythm at 100 bpm, normal PR, normal electrical axis, narrow QRS with generalised concave ST-elevation (I, II, III, aVF, V3-V6). Pericardial fluid culture and blood cultures: Streptococcus constellatum. Chest CT with contrast: bibasal lung consolidations. To evaluate possible bronchoaspiration. Minimal right pleural effusion. Pneumopericardium with drainage catheter inside. Multiple hepatic abscesses in LHI. LOE in LHI in relation to abscess versus metastatic disease (not present in previous study). Rest normal, no mesenteric or retroperitoneal adenopathy. Neck CT: favourable response of left tonsillar neoplasm and adenopathic conglomerates. Significant response with a decrease in the overall tumour volume of the neoplasm originating in the left lingual tonsil, with a residual necrotic lesion persisting at this level with a diameter of 24.8 + 30 mm, which protrudes towards the left lateral margin of the floor of the mouth. EVOLUTION It was decided to perform an urgent therapeutic pericardiocentesis in the haemodynamics room. Initially, 600 cc of foul-smelling, purulent fluid was extracted. After analysing the emergency fluid, it was found to be purulent and S. constellatum, which was also isolated from blood, was isolated. An aetiological study was completed with a CT scan of the chest and abdomen to identify the possible origin of the purulent collection, finding multiple large liver abscesses, in the culture of which different microorganisms grew, although they were also present in the oral microbiota: Gemella morbillorum and Parvimonas micra. In the first few days after drainage, the patient continued to require catecholaminergic support due to septic shock, so he was admitted to the ICU, where empirical intravenous antibiotic treatment was initially established, and subsequently adjusted to the antibiogram. Within a week of complete drainage of the fluid and despite optimal antibiotic treatment, the patient developed severe pericardial effusion again. Urgent pericardiocentesis and pericardial window were performed the following morning surgically by thoracoscopy. DIAGNOSIS Purulent pericarditis complicated by pericardial tamponade. Polymicrobial septic shock with liver abscesses. Carcinoma of the tonsil T4N2bM0.
[ "Sam", "is", "a", "52-year-old", "male", ",", "ex-smoker", ",", "who", "denies", "any", "other", "cardiovascular", "risk", "factors", ".", "He", "has", "developed", "an", "unresectable", "squamous", "cell", "carcinoma", "of", "the", "tonsil", "(", "T4bN2bM0", ")", "as", "a", "result", "of", "his", "past", "tobacco", "use", ".", "Currently", "undergoing", "radical", "treatment", "with", "cetuximab", "and", "radiotherapy", ".", "Asymptomatic", "from", "the", "cardiological", "point", "of", "view", "until", "the", "night", "of", "the", "day", "before", "the", "consultation", ",", "when", "he", "presented", "with", "central", "thoracic", "pain", ",", "oppressive", "and", "radiating", "to", "the", "back", "and", "neck", ",", "lasting", "a", "few", "hours", ".", "He", "denies", "having", "had", "fever", "or", "infectious", "symptoms", ".", "He", "consulted", "his", "primary", "care", "doctor", "who", "performed", "an", "electrocardiogram", "(", "ECG", ")", "in", "which", "they", "described", "an", "increase", "in", "the", "lower", "ST", "and", "high", "and", "low", "lateral", "ST", ",", "and", "was", "assessed", "by", "members", "of", "the", "Canary", "Islands", "Emergency", "Service", "(", "SUC", ")", "who", "informed", "the", "hospital", "of", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "inferolateral", "acute", "myocardial", "infarction", "(", "AMI", ")", "with", "a", "view", "to", "carrying", "out", "primary", "angioplasty", ".", "On", "arrival", "at", "the", "Emergency", "Department", "he", "was", "found", "to", "be", "hypotensive", ",", "so", "dopamine", "was", "started", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "15", "mcg", "/", "kg", "/", "min", ",", "and", "the", "Haemodynamics", "section", "was", "contacted", "for", "urgent", "catheterisation", ",", "so", "the", "cardiologist", "on", "duty", "went", "down", "to", "assess", "the", "patient", ".", "The", "ECG", "was", "repeated", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "a", "poor", "general", "condition", ",", "with", "significant", "tachypnoea", "and", "arterial", "hypotension", "of", "85", "/", "55", "mmHg", "despite", "catecholamines", "and", "mild", "jugular", "venous", "insufficiency", ".", "Cardiac", "sounds", "are", "very", "diminished", "with", "no", "murmurs", "or", "friction", "rub", ".", "There", "is", "an", "erythematous", "lump", "on", "the", "neck", ",", "warm", "and", "painful", "on", "palpation", ".", "COMPLEMENTARY", "TESTS", "Laboratory", "tests", ":", "no", "leukocytosis", ",", "normocytic", "normochromic", "anaemia", "of", "9", ".", "7", "mg", "/", "dL", "and", "acute", "renal", "failure", "with", "creatinine", "of", "2", ".", "4", "mg", "/", "dL", ".", "Hb", ":", "13", ".", "3", "g", "/", "dL", ",", "leukocytes", "64", ",", "000", ",", "platelets", "77x10", "^", "3", "/", "mcL", ".", "Echocardiography", ":", "global", "and", "segmental", "left", "ventricular", "function", "was", "preserved", "and", "severe", "pericardial", "effusion", "was", "detected", "with", "a", "maximum", "of", "36", "mm", "at", "the", "anterior", "level", ".", "It", "is", "dense", ",", "hyperechogenic", "and", "mottled", ".", "There", "were", "signs", "of", "haemodynamic", "compromise", ",", "with", "collapse", "of", "the", "left", "atrium", "and", "a", "slight", "collapse", "of", "the", "right", "ventricle", ".", "Other", "complementary", "tests", "during", "admission", ":", "ECG", ":", "sinus", "rhythm", "at", "100", "bpm", ",", "normal", "PR", ",", "normal", "electrical", "axis", ",", "narrow", "QRS", "with", "generalised", "concave", "ST-elevation", "(", "I", ",", "II", ",", "III", ",", "aVF", ",", "V3-V6", ")", ".", "Pericardial", "fluid", "culture", "and", "blood", "cultures", ":", "Streptococcus", "constellatum", ".", "Chest", "CT", "with", "contrast", ":", "bibasal", "lung", "consolidations", ".", "To", "evaluate", "possible", "bronchoaspiration", ".", "Minimal", "right", "pleural", "effusion", ".", "Pneumopericardium", "with", "drainage", "catheter", "inside", ".", "Multiple", "hepatic", "abscesses", "in", "LHI", ".", "LOE", "in", "LHI", "in", "relation", "to", "abscess", "versus", "metastatic", "disease", "(", "not", "present", "in", "previous", "study", ")", ".", "Rest", "normal", ",", "no", "mesenteric", "or", "retroperitoneal", "adenopathy", ".", "Neck", "CT", ":", "favourable", "response", "of", "left", "tonsillar", "neoplasm", "and", "adenopathic", "conglomerates", ".", "Significant", "response", "with", "a", "decrease", "in", "the", "overall", "tumour", "volume", "of", "the", "neoplasm", "originating", "in", "the", "left", "lingual", "tonsil", ",", "with", "a", "residual", "necrotic", "lesion", "persisting", "at", "this", "level", "with", "a", "diameter", "of", "24", ".", "8", "+", "30", "mm", ",", "which", "protrudes", "towards", "the", "left", "lateral", "margin", "of", "the", "floor", "of", "the", "mouth", ".", "EVOLUTION", "It", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "an", "urgent", "therapeutic", "pericardiocentesis", "in", "the", "haemodynamics", "room", ".", "Initially", ",", "600", "cc", "of", "foul-smelling", ",", "purulent", "fluid", "was", "extracted", ".", "After", "analysing", "the", "emergency", "fluid", ",", "it", "was", "found", "to", "be", "purulent", "and", "S", ".", "constellatum", ",", "which", "was", "also", "isolated", "from", "blood", ",", "was", "isolated", ".", "An", "aetiological", "study", "was", "completed", "with", "a", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "chest", "and", "abdomen", "to", "identify", "the", "possible", "origin", "of", "the", "purulent", "collection", ",", "finding", "multiple", "large", "liver", "abscesses", ",", "in", "the", "culture", "of", "which", "different", "microorganisms", "grew", ",", "although", "they", "were", "also", "present", "in", "the", "oral", "microbiota", ":", "Gemella", "morbillorum", "and", "Parvimonas", "micra", ".", "In", "the", "first", "few", "days", "after", "drainage", ",", "the", "patient", "continued", "to", "require", "catecholaminergic", "support", "due", "to", "septic", "shock", ",", "so", "he", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "ICU", ",", "where", "empirical", "intravenous", "antibiotic", "treatment", "was", "initially", "established", ",", "and", "subsequently", "adjusted", "to", "the", "antibiogram", ".", "Within", "a", "week", "of", "complete", "drainage", "of", "the", "fluid", "and", "despite", "optimal", "antibiotic", "treatment", ",", "the", "patient", "developed", "severe", "pericardial", "effusion", "again", ".", "Urgent", "pericardiocentesis", "and", "pericardial", "window", "were", "performed", "the", "following", "morning", "surgically", "by", "thoracoscopy", ".", "DIAGNOSIS", "Purulent", "pericarditis", "complicated", "by", "pericardial", "tamponade", ".", "Polymicrobial", "septic", "shock", "with", "liver", "abscesses", ".", "Carcinoma", "of", "the", "tonsil", "T4N2bM0", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis This is a 64-year-old woman, with no history of interest or comorbidities diagnosed in November 2015 with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma (cT1a N3 M1). She presented extensive costal and axillary involvement with negative molecular study (EGFR not mutated, ALK and ROS-1 not translocated, PD-L1 5%) who received treatment with cisplatin-pemetrexed from December to April 2016. After 6 cycles, he started maintenance with pemetrexed monotherapy with good tolerance. In July 2016, she presented with progression of the rib lesion, for which she underwent local radiotherapy and was referred to the clinical trials unit of the Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz. The patient was asked to participate in a clinical trial with a PD-L1 inhibitor in combination with an anti-VEGFR-2 drug. She met the criteria and started treatment in August 2016. A partial response was observed from the first CT scan in October 2016, which she maintained until February 2018. As a treatment toxicity, the patient presented with a grade I skin rash and grade II adrenal insufficiency (both related to the medication) that required replacement treatment with hydroaltesone 20 mg daily. On 2 February 2018, in a sustained partial response, she came to the Emergency Department with a 3-day-long emetic and diarrhoeic picture of non-pathological stools. She also presented with abdominal pain, severe headache, asthenia and functional deterioration. On arrival, a fever peak of 38.5oC was noted; physical examination revealed profuse sweating and haemodynamically hypotensive (87/55), all of which was justified as an adrenal crisis due to increased corticoid requirements in a situation of metabolic stress. Despite all this, the patient was in good general condition and no alterations were observed in the neurological examination. Blood and stool cultures were taken and a chest X-ray was performed with no abnormalities. Nasal lavage was performed and the results were positive for influenza virus AH3. She was therefore admitted to the Medical Oncology Department, where treatment was started with oseltamivir and high-dose hydrocortisone, with stabilisation of blood pressure and initial clinical improvement, becoming afebrile 48 hours after admission. On 8 February, the patient's blood pressure rose progressively and remained elevated for 24 hours (with no known previous hypertension), and that same night she presented with an episode of hypertension of 210/110 with bilateral occipital headache. The patient initially reported phosphenes and one hour later a progressive bilateral amaurosis. Physical examination Conscious, bradypsychic, but without alteration in compression or speech, with bilateral threat reflex abolished, dextroversion of the gaze and right cervical rotation. Bilateral amaurosis is evident. Extrinsic ocular motility preserved on verbal command, with no focal signs on examination of the cranial nerves. Strength and sensitivity in all four extremities preserved. No dysmetria or dysdiadochokinesia. Gait not explored, but no meningeal signs. Complementary tests A blood test was performed to rule out metabolic disorders, and simultaneously a CT scan of the skull and an assessment by the Neurology Department were urgently requested; however, he suddenly presented with a generalised tonic-clonic seizure requiring 5 mg of diazepam intravenously for control. CT scan showed bilateral parietooccipital hypodense lesions, with subcortical involvement at the parietal level and corticosubcortical involvement at the occipital level. The findings were confirmed in a brain MRI, verifying that these lesions were hypointense in T1 sequences and hyperintense in T2 and FLAIR sequences, with no clear restriction of diffusion and no enhancement after contrast. The findings are consistent with the previous suspicion of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome or PRES and, due to their distribution and signal behaviour, they are not suggestive of acute ischaemic lesions. Likewise, no foci of haemorrhage are seen and no suspicious signs of secondary involvement are identified. Diagnosis Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in a patient with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma treated with anti PD-L1 combined with antiangiogenics. Treatment Given the suspicion of a reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome, it was decided to optimise blood pressure control with the introduction of intravenous urapidil and treatment was started with levetiracetam. The patient was transferred to the stroke unit for strict haemodynamic monitoring, where she was admitted on 9 February. The doses of corticosteroids administered since admission were also reduced. Evolution Good blood pressure control was achieved and treatment with intravenous urapidil was discontinued. The patient progressively recovered bilateral vision with improvement in acuity until it returned to normal two weeks after the start of PRES. She returned to the oncology ward where she needed to progressively introduce antihypertensive drugs to achieve adequate blood pressure control, requiring four drugs (enalapril, amlodipine, labetalol and doxazosin). After adjustment of the rest of the medication and appropriate hygienic and dietary measures, treatment was maintained with enalapril alone with very good control, and the patient was discharged on 23 February with neurological asymptomatology. Prior to discharge, a control brain MRI was performed, with improvement of the lesions described above, and a thoracoabdominal-pelvic CT scan was performed, which also showed progression of the disease.
[ "Anamnesis", "This", "is", "a", "64-year-old", "woman", ",", "with", "no", "history", "of", "interest", "or", "comorbidities", "diagnosed", "in", "November", "2015", "with", "stage", "IV", "lung", "adenocarcinoma", "(", "cT1a", "N3", "M1", ")", ".", "She", "presented", "extensive", "costal", "and", "axillary", "involvement", "with", "negative", "molecular", "study", "(", "EGFR", "not", "mutated", ",", "ALK", "and", "ROS-1", "not", "translocated", ",", "PD-L1", "5", "%", ")", "who", "received", "treatment", "with", "cisplatin-pemetrexed", "from", "December", "to", "April", "2016", ".", "After", "6", "cycles", ",", "he", "started", "maintenance", "with", "pemetrexed", "monotherapy", "with", "good", "tolerance", ".", "In", "July", "2016", ",", "she", "presented", "with", "progression", "of", "the", "rib", "lesion", ",", "for", "which", "she", "underwent", "local", "radiotherapy", "and", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "clinical", "trials", "unit", "of", "the", "Hospital", "Fundación", "Jiménez", "Díaz", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "asked", "to", "participate", "in", "a", "clinical", "trial", "with", "a", "PD-L1", "inhibitor", "in", "combination", "with", "an", "anti-VEGFR-2", "drug", ".", "She", "met", "the", "criteria", "and", "started", "treatment", "in", "August", "2016", ".", "A", "partial", "response", "was", "observed", "from", "the", "first", "CT", "scan", "in", "October", "2016", ",", "which", "she", "maintained", "until", "February", "2018", ".", "As", "a", "treatment", "toxicity", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "with", "a", "grade", "I", "skin", "rash", "and", "grade", "II", "adrenal", "insufficiency", "(", "both", "related", "to", "the", "medication", ")", "that", "required", "replacement", "treatment", "with", "hydroaltesone", "20", "mg", "daily", ".", "On", "2", "February", "2018", ",", "in", "a", "sustained", "partial", "response", ",", "she", "came", "to", "the", "Emergency", "Department", "with", "a", "3-day-long", "emetic", "and", "diarrhoeic", "picture", "of", "non-pathological", "stools", ".", "She", "also", "presented", "with", "abdominal", "pain", ",", "severe", "headache", ",", "asthenia", "and", "functional", "deterioration", ".", "On", "arrival", ",", "a", "fever", "peak", "of", "38", ".", "5oC", "was", "noted", ";", "physical", "examination", "revealed", "profuse", "sweating", "and", "haemodynamically", "hypotensive", "(", "87", "/", "55", ")", ",", "all", "of", "which", "was", "justified", "as", "an", "adrenal", "crisis", "due", "to", "increased", "corticoid", "requirements", "in", "a", "situation", "of", "metabolic", "stress", ".", "Despite", "all", "this", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "in", "good", "general", "condition", "and", "no", "alterations", "were", "observed", "in", "the", "neurological", "examination", ".", "Blood", "and", "stool", "cultures", "were", "taken", "and", "a", "chest", "X-ray", "was", "performed", "with", "no", "abnormalities", ".", "Nasal", "lavage", "was", "performed", "and", "the", "results", "were", "positive", "for", "influenza", "virus", "AH3", ".", "She", "was", "therefore", "admitted", "to", "the", "Medical", "Oncology", "Department", ",", "where", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "oseltamivir", "and", "high-dose", "hydrocortisone", ",", "with", "stabilisation", "of", "blood", "pressure", "and", "initial", "clinical", "improvement", ",", "becoming", "afebrile", "48", "hours", "after", "admission", ".", "On", "8", "February", ",", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "blood", "pressure", "rose", "progressively", "and", "remained", "elevated", "for", "24", "hours", "(", "with", "no", "known", "previous", "hypertension", ")", ",", "and", "that", "same", "night", "she", "presented", "with", "an", "episode", "of", "hypertension", "of", "210", "/", "110", "with", "bilateral", "occipital", "headache", ".", "The", "patient", "initially", "reported", "phosphenes", "and", "one", "hour", "later", "a", "progressive", "bilateral", "amaurosis", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Conscious", ",", "bradypsychic", ",", "but", "without", "alteration", "in", "compression", "or", "speech", ",", "with", "bilateral", "threat", "reflex", "abolished", ",", "dextroversion", "of", "the", "gaze", "and", "right", "cervical", "rotation", ".", "Bilateral", "amaurosis", "is", "evident", ".", "Extrinsic", "ocular", "motility", "preserved", "on", "verbal", "command", ",", "with", "no", "focal", "signs", "on", "examination", "of", "the", "cranial", "nerves", ".", "Strength", "and", "sensitivity", "in", "all", "four", "extremities", "preserved", ".", "No", "dysmetria", "or", "dysdiadochokinesia", ".", "Gait", "not", "explored", ",", "but", "no", "meningeal", "signs", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "A", "blood", "test", "was", "performed", "to", "rule", "out", "metabolic", "disorders", ",", "and", "simultaneously", "a", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "skull", "and", "an", "assessment", "by", "the", "Neurology", "Department", "were", "urgently", "requested", ";", "however", ",", "he", "suddenly", "presented", "with", "a", "generalised", "tonic-clonic", "seizure", "requiring", "5", "mg", "of", "diazepam", "intravenously", "for", "control", ".", "CT", "scan", "showed", "bilateral", "parietooccipital", "hypodense", "lesions", ",", "with", "subcortical", "involvement", "at", "the", "parietal", "level", "and", "corticosubcortical", "involvement", "at", "the", "occipital", "level", ".", "The", "findings", "were", "confirmed", "in", "a", "brain", "MRI", ",", "verifying", "that", "these", "lesions", "were", "hypointense", "in", "T1", "sequences", "and", "hyperintense", "in", "T2", "and", "FLAIR", "sequences", ",", "with", "no", "clear", "restriction", "of", "diffusion", "and", "no", "enhancement", "after", "contrast", ".", "The", "findings", "are", "consistent", "with", "the", "previous", "suspicion", "of", "posterior", "reversible", "encephalopathy", "syndrome", "or", "PRES", "and", ",", "due", "to", "their", "distribution", "and", "signal", "behaviour", ",", "they", "are", "not", "suggestive", "of", "acute", "ischaemic", "lesions", ".", "Likewise", ",", "no", "foci", "of", "haemorrhage", "are", "seen", "and", "no", "suspicious", "signs", "of", "secondary", "involvement", "are", "identified", ".", "Diagnosis", "Reversible", "posterior", "leukoencephalopathy", "syndrome", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "stage", "IV", "lung", "adenocarcinoma", "treated", "with", "anti", "PD-L1", "combined", "with", "antiangiogenics", ".", "Treatment", "Given", "the", "suspicion", "of", "a", "reversible", "posterior", "encephalopathy", "syndrome", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "optimise", "blood", "pressure", "control", "with", "the", "introduction", "of", "intravenous", "urapidil", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "levetiracetam", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "stroke", "unit", "for", "strict", "haemodynamic", "monitoring", ",", "where", "she", "was", "admitted", "on", "9", "February", ".", "The", "doses", "of", "corticosteroids", "administered", "since", "admission", "were", "also", "reduced", ".", "Evolution", "Good", "blood", "pressure", "control", "was", "achieved", "and", "treatment", "with", "intravenous", "urapidil", "was", "discontinued", ".", "The", "patient", "progressively", "recovered", "bilateral", "vision", "with", "improvement", "in", "acuity", "until", "it", "returned", "to", "normal", "two", "weeks", "after", "the", "start", "of", "PRES", ".", "She", "returned", "to", "the", "oncology", "ward", "where", "she", "needed", "to", "progressively", "introduce", "antihypertensive", "drugs", "to", "achieve", "adequate", "blood", "pressure", "control", ",", "requiring", "four", "drugs", "(", "enalapril", ",", "amlodipine", ",", "labetalol", "and", "doxazosin", ")", ".", "After", "adjustment", "of", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "medication", "and", "appropriate", "hygienic", "and", "dietary", "measures", ",", "treatment", "was", "maintained", "with", "enalapril", "alone", "with", "very", "good", "control", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "on", "23", "February", "with", "neurological", "asymptomatology", ".", "Prior", "to", "discharge", ",", "a", "control", "brain", "MRI", "was", "performed", ",", "with", "improvement", "of", "the", "lesions", "described", "above", ",", "and", "a", "thoracoabdominal-pelvic", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "also", "showed", "progression", "of", "the", "disease", "." ]
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en
A 78-year-old woman, with no known medical history, presented with fever, worsening general condition, abdominal pain in the epigastric area and diarrhoea, of 8 days' evolution. She attended the emergency department when dyspnoea was added to her symptoms. Initially, the patient was haemodynamically stable (blood pressure: 168/89 mmHg), showed symptoms of acute respiratory failure with polypnoea (22 cycles per minute with oxygen saturation of 86% on room air) and tachycardia (100 l.p.m.). Blood work revealed increased C-reactive protein (125 mg/L), hyperleukocytosis (12,600/mm3) and lymphocytopenia. Blood gas analysis showed compensated lactic acidosis (pH 7.43 with hyperlactacidemia: 5.36 mmol/L). Nasopharyngeal swab PCR was negative for SARS-CoV-2. Two hours after admission, a non-contrast chest CT scan showed typical signs of COVID-19 pneumonia (basically ground-glass opacities without radiological evidence of other infection) with significant involvement (> 75% of lung parenchyma). Upper abdominal sections showed spontaneous hyperdensity (71 Hounsfield units (HU) vs. 38 HU in the portal vein) in the right portal vein. A complementary thoracic, abdominal and pelvic CT scan with contrast in the arterial and portal phases, performed at the same time, confirmed a thrombosis of the right portal vein caused by a thrombosis of the distal part of the superior mesenteric vein extending into the splenomesenteric trunk. Proximal thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery and jejunal artery was also observed, with subsequent features of ischaemia of the cecum and small bowel with a small amount of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. No pulmonary embolism was observed. A laparotomy was performed a few hours later, which confirmed the ischaemia and removed one metre of necrotic ileum and right colon. Thrombolysis and thromboectomy of the superior mesenteric artery were also performed at the same operation. Despite timely treatment, the patient's condition remained poor due to generalised intestinal ischaemia, in addition to severe lung damage caused by COVID-19. Palliative care was initiated and the patient died 4 days later.
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en
A 72-year-old man with a personal history of arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ex-smoker and diagnosed with papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (T1G2). Transurethral resection of the tumour was performed and 3 weeks later treatment was started with a long course of endovesical instillations of BCG (Connaught strain, 109 colony-forming units per dose) administered weekly. After receiving 3 sessions, she went to the emergency department for general malaise and fever (38.5o) of ten days' duration. There was no micturition syndrome or other symptoms. Physical examination was unremarkable with normal pulmonary auscultation, negative bilateral renal fist percussion and a non-painful or congestive prostate, size II/IV and adenomatous consistency. The haemogram showed slight leukocytosis without neutrophilia (leukocytes 12100 and 63.7% neutrophils). Urine and blood cultures were sterile and the search for acid fast bacilli in urine was unsuccessful. Chest X-ray showed bilateral and diffuse involvement of small millimetric nodules with thick calcified lymph nodes, compatible with miliary TB. Computed axial tomography (CT) showed gross calcified adenopathy in the right hilum and pulmonary ligament and bilateral and diffuse parenchymal involvement of small millimetric nodules affecting all lung fields. The patient was admitted and treated with isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol. The patient's general condition improved and he was discharged and followed up on an outpatient basis. During follow-up, there were no adverse effects of the medication and no new febrile episodes or other symptoms. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was continued for 6 months and BCG instillations were discontinued. The control CT scan at two months showed a decrease in the size of the adenopathies as well as a decrease in the number of nodules, with complete disappearance in some lung segments.
[ "A", "72-year-old", "man", "with", "a", "personal", "history", "of", "arterial", "hypertension", ",", "chronic", "obstructive", "pulmonary", "disease", ",", "ex-smoker", "and", "diagnosed", "with", "papillary", "urothelial", "carcinoma", "of", "the", "bladder", "(", "T1G2", ")", ".", "Transurethral", "resection", "of", "the", "tumour", "was", "performed", "and", "3", "weeks", "later", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "a", "long", "course", "of", "endovesical", "instillations", "of", "BCG", "(", "Connaught", "strain", ",", "109", "colony-forming", "units", "per", "dose", ")", "administered", "weekly", ".", "After", "receiving", "3", "sessions", ",", "she", "went", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "general", "malaise", "and", "fever", "(", "38", ".", "5o", ")", "of", "ten", "days", "'", "duration", ".", "There", "was", "no", "micturition", "syndrome", "or", "other", "symptoms", ".", "Physical", "examination", "was", "unremarkable", "with", "normal", "pulmonary", "auscultation", ",", "negative", "bilateral", "renal", "fist", "percussion", "and", "a", "non-painful", "or", "congestive", "prostate", ",", "size", "II", "/", "IV", "and", "adenomatous", "consistency", ".", "The", "haemogram", "showed", "slight", "leukocytosis", "without", "neutrophilia", "(", "leukocytes", "12100", "and", "63", ".", "7", "%", "neutrophils", ")", ".", "Urine", "and", "blood", "cultures", "were", "sterile", "and", "the", "search", "for", "acid", "fast", "bacilli", "in", "urine", "was", "unsuccessful", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "bilateral", "and", "diffuse", "involvement", "of", "small", "millimetric", "nodules", "with", "thick", "calcified", "lymph", "nodes", ",", "compatible", "with", "miliary", "TB", ".", "Computed", "axial", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "showed", "gross", "calcified", "adenopathy", "in", "the", "right", "hilum", "and", "pulmonary", "ligament", "and", "bilateral", "and", "diffuse", "parenchymal", "involvement", "of", "small", "millimetric", "nodules", "affecting", "all", "lung", "fields", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "and", "treated", "with", "isoniazid", ",", "rifampicin", "and", "ethambutol", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "general", "condition", "improved", "and", "he", "was", "discharged", "and", "followed", "up", "on", "an", "outpatient", "basis", ".", "During", "follow-up", ",", "there", "were", "no", "adverse", "effects", "of", "the", "medication", "and", "no", "new", "febrile", "episodes", "or", "other", "symptoms", ".", "Anti-tuberculosis", "treatment", "was", "continued", "for", "6", "months", "and", "BCG", "instillations", "were", "discontinued", ".", "The", "control", "CT", "scan", "at", "two", "months", "showed", "a", "decrease", "in", "the", "size", "of", "the", "adenopathies", "as", "well", "as", "a", "decrease", "in", "the", "number", "of", "nodules", ",", "with", "complete", "disappearance", "in", "some", "lung", "segments", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Connaught strain", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 338, "end": 354 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 25, "end": 33 }, { "text": "BCG", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 333, "end": 336 }, { "text": "colony", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 360, "end": 366 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1355, "end": 1362 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1435, "end": 1442 }, { "text": "BCG", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1706, "end": 1709 } ]
en
The patient is a 27-year-old male, with no known drug allergies, a butcher by profession, with a history of Bruton's agammaglobulinaemia diagnosed at 4 months of age, on replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (since November 2015 the dose has been 430 mg/kg every 4 weeks), and asymptomatic. On one occasion he reported presyncopal symptoms related to the immunoglobulin infusion. He has not completed the vaccination schedule. No other history of interest. Nine days before admission, he began to complain of pain in the left shoulder and a feeling of dystrophy. After visiting the outpatient clinic, he was discharged twice with a diagnosis of trapezius contracture. One week later he presented with fever of 38o, together with swelling and increased local temperature at the cervical level, in the area of the sternoclavicular junction, with continuous pain that was exacerbated by arm movements. The patient was admitted with the clinical diagnosis of sternoclavicular septic arthritis, and arthrocentesis was impossible, so empirical antibiotic therapy was started with IV cloxacillin (2 g c/4 h) after drawing blood cultures. On arrival on the ward, the patient was afebrile with good general condition, with BP 120/80, HR 62 bpm, O2 saturation of 99%, normal cardiopulmonary auscultation and marked pain on mobilisation of the left upper limb, with pain of inflammatory characteristics throughout the cervical muscle area on that side and in the sternoclavicular joint, painful on palpation. The haemogram showed 17000 leukocytes/mm3 with 68% neutrophils, Hb 12.2 g/dl and the blood biochemistry showed CRP 56.5 mg/l, which subsequently rose to 95.7mg/l. A simple chest X-ray was normal, a clavicular CT scan showed inflammatory signs at the level of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) and the study was completed with a bone scan that showed increased osteoblastic activity at this level. A puncture of the ACJ was performed and a serosanguinous fluid was obtained and sent for culture. Differential diagnosis The patient was immunosuppressed and presented with a clinical syndrome consisting of left-sided omalgia accompanied by fever and inflammatory signs in the ACS. Despite the history of hyperextension of the left upper limb, traumatic aetiology could reasonably be ruled out. The differential diagnosis, therefore, would focus on an arthritic condition at the sternoclavicular level as the first option; and, given the presence of signs of infection, we would first consider the infectious aetiology. Other entities that should be ruled out are: - Systemic autoimmune diseases: Joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus usually has a polyarticular and symmetrical distribution, which did not occur in our case. In ankylosing spondyloarthritis, involvement of the sternoclavicular joint has been reported in 14% of cases. The absence of other more characteristic symptoms makes this cause unlikely. Psoriatic arthritis usually presents with oligoarthritis but the patient had no skin manifestations. - Microcrystalline arthritis: although classically monoarticular, it usually affects joints such as the metatarsophalangeal joint (gout) or the knee (pseudogout). - Reactive arthritis: the absence of previous infection and monoarticular involvement would in principle rule out this entity, which manifests as peripheral and small joint oligoarthritis. The main microorganisms described as the cause of ACS arthritis are: Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Pseudomona aeruginosa, Brucella melitensis and Escherichia coli. Of these, Pseudomona aeruginosa has been associated with injecting drug users, and Brucella melitensis, despite the patient's professional background, has been eradicated from our country. In cases of hypogammaglobulinaemia, unusual aetiologies such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Ureaplasma urealyticum must be considered. Osteoarticular tuberculosis, which accounts for 10-25% of extrapulmonary TB, has been described in ACS arthritis, although it usually affects the axial skeleton (Pott's disease), followed by the hip and knee. Lyme disease is unlikely due to the absence of previous symptomatology, the absence of erythema migrans and that the patient did not reside in an endemic area or have predisposing recreational activities. Evolution After initiation of antibiotic therapy, the clinical course was good, with a decrease in leukocytosis and acute phase reactants, and the patient was discharged home with oral cefadroxil (500 mg every 8 hours), with no apparent complications. We were subsequently informed that blood cultures isolated macrolide-resistant Campylobacter coli with an MIC for ciprofloxacin of 0.125 (no cephalosporins were tested); the culture of the FNA of the ACS was negative. Treatment was changed to ciprofloxacin (750 mg every 12 hours) for a total of 4 weeks of antibiotherapy. Final diagnosis Campylobacter coli sternoclavicular arthritis in a patient with Bruton's agammaglobulimemia.
[ "The", "patient", "is", "a", "27-year-old", "male", ",", "with", "no", "known", "drug", "allergies", ",", "a", "butcher", "by", "profession", ",", "with", "a", "history", "of", "Bruton", "'", "s", "agammaglobulinaemia", "diagnosed", "at", "4", "months", "of", "age", ",", "on", "replacement", "therapy", "with", "intravenous", "immunoglobulin", "(", "since", "November", "2015", "the", "dose", "has", "been", "430", "mg", "/", "kg", "every", "4", "weeks", ")", ",", "and", "asymptomatic", ".", "On", "one", "occasion", "he", "reported", "presyncopal", "symptoms", "related", "to", "the", "immunoglobulin", "infusion", ".", "He", "has", "not", "completed", "the", "vaccination", "schedule", ".", "No", "other", "history", "of", "interest", ".", "Nine", "days", "before", "admission", ",", "he", "began", "to", "complain", "of", "pain", "in", "the", "left", "shoulder", "and", "a", "feeling", "of", "dystrophy", ".", "After", "visiting", "the", "outpatient", "clinic", ",", "he", "was", "discharged", "twice", "with", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "trapezius", "contracture", ".", "One", "week", "later", "he", "presented", "with", "fever", "of", "38o", ",", "together", "with", "swelling", "and", "increased", "local", "temperature", "at", "the", "cervical", "level", ",", "in", "the", "area", "of", "the", "sternoclavicular", "junction", ",", "with", "continuous", "pain", "that", "was", "exacerbated", "by", "arm", "movements", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "with", "the", "clinical", "diagnosis", "of", "sternoclavicular", "septic", "arthritis", ",", "and", "arthrocentesis", "was", "impossible", ",", "so", "empirical", "antibiotic", "therapy", "was", "started", "with", "IV", "cloxacillin", "(", "2", "g", "c", "/", "4", "h", ")", "after", "drawing", "blood", "cultures", ".", "On", "arrival", "on", "the", "ward", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "afebrile", "with", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "with", "BP", "120", "/", "80", ",", "HR", "62", "bpm", ",", "O2", "saturation", "of", "99", "%", ",", "normal", "cardiopulmonary", "auscultation", "and", "marked", "pain", "on", "mobilisation", "of", "the", "left", "upper", "limb", ",", "with", "pain", "of", "inflammatory", "characteristics", "throughout", "the", "cervical", "muscle", "area", "on", "that", "side", "and", "in", "the", "sternoclavicular", "joint", ",", "painful", "on", "palpation", ".", "The", "haemogram", "showed", "17000", "leukocytes", "/", "mm3", "with", "68", "%", "neutrophils", ",", "Hb", "12", ".", "2", "g", "/", "dl", "and", "the", "blood", "biochemistry", "showed", "CRP", "56", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "l", ",", "which", "subsequently", "rose", "to", "95", ".", "7mg", "/", "l", ".", "A", "simple", "chest", "X-ray", "was", "normal", ",", "a", "clavicular", "CT", "scan", "showed", "inflammatory", "signs", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "sternoclavicular", "joint", "(", "SCJ", ")", "and", "the", "study", "was", "completed", "with", "a", "bone", "scan", "that", "showed", "increased", "osteoblastic", "activity", "at", "this", "level", ".", "A", "puncture", "of", "the", "ACJ", "was", "performed", "and", "a", "serosanguinous", "fluid", "was", "obtained", "and", "sent", "for", "culture", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "The", "patient", "was", "immunosuppressed", "and", "presented", "with", "a", "clinical", "syndrome", "consisting", "of", "left-sided", "omalgia", "accompanied", "by", "fever", "and", "inflammatory", "signs", "in", "the", "ACS", ".", "Despite", "the", "history", "of", "hyperextension", "of", "the", "left", "upper", "limb", ",", "traumatic", "aetiology", "could", "reasonably", "be", "ruled", "out", ".", "The", "differential", "diagnosis", ",", "therefore", ",", "would", "focus", "on", "an", "arthritic", "condition", "at", "the", "sternoclavicular", "level", "as", "the", "first", "option", ";", "and", ",", "given", "the", "presence", "of", "signs", "of", "infection", ",", "we", "would", "first", "consider", "the", "infectious", "aetiology", ".", "Other", "entities", "that", "should", "be", "ruled", "out", "are", ":", "-", "Systemic", "autoimmune", "diseases", ":", "Joint", "involvement", "in", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "and", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "usually", "has", "a", "polyarticular", "and", "symmetrical", "distribution", ",", "which", "did", "not", "occur", "in", "our", "case", ".", "In", "ankylosing", "spondyloarthritis", ",", "involvement", "of", "the", "sternoclavicular", "joint", "has", "been", "reported", "in", "14", "%", "of", "cases", ".", "The", "absence", "of", "other", "more", "characteristic", "symptoms", "makes", "this", "cause", "unlikely", ".", "Psoriatic", "arthritis", "usually", "presents", "with", "oligoarthritis", "but", "the", "patient", "had", "no", "skin", "manifestations", ".", "-", "Microcrystalline", "arthritis", ":", "although", "classically", "monoarticular", ",", "it", "usually", "affects", "joints", "such", "as", "the", "metatarsophalangeal", "joint", "(", "gout", ")", "or", "the", "knee", "(", "pseudogout", ")", ".", "-", "Reactive", "arthritis", ":", "the", "absence", "of", "previous", "infection", "and", "monoarticular", "involvement", "would", "in", "principle", "rule", "out", "this", "entity", ",", "which", "manifests", "as", "peripheral", "and", "small", "joint", "oligoarthritis", ".", "The", "main", "microorganisms", "described", "as", "the", "cause", "of", "ACS", "arthritis", "are", ":", "Staphylococcus", "aureus", ",", "followed", "by", "Pseudomona", "aeruginosa", ",", "Brucella", "melitensis", "and", "Escherichia", "coli", ".", "Of", "these", ",", "Pseudomona", "aeruginosa", "has", "been", "associated", "with", "injecting", "drug", "users", ",", "and", "Brucella", "melitensis", ",", "despite", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "professional", "background", ",", "has", "been", "eradicated", "from", "our", "country", ".", "In", "cases", "of", "hypogammaglobulinaemia", ",", "unusual", "aetiologies", "such", "as", "Mycoplasma", "pneumoniae", "and", "Ureaplasma", "urealyticum", "must", "be", "considered", ".", "Osteoarticular", "tuberculosis", ",", "which", "accounts", "for", "10-25", "%", "of", "extrapulmonary", "TB", ",", "has", "been", "described", "in", "ACS", "arthritis", ",", "although", "it", "usually", "affects", "the", "axial", "skeleton", "(", "Pott", "'", "s", "disease", ")", ",", "followed", "by", "the", "hip", "and", "knee", ".", "Lyme", "disease", "is", "unlikely", "due", "to", "the", "absence", "of", "previous", "symptomatology", ",", "the", "absence", "of", "erythema", "migrans", "and", "that", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "reside", "in", "an", "endemic", "area", "or", "have", "predisposing", "recreational", "activities", ".", "Evolution", "After", "initiation", "of", "antibiotic", "therapy", ",", "the", "clinical", "course", "was", "good", ",", "with", "a", "decrease", "in", "leukocytosis", "and", "acute", "phase", "reactants", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "home", "with", "oral", "cefadroxil", "(", "500", "mg", "every", "8", "hours", ")", ",", "with", "no", "apparent", "complications", ".", "We", "were", "subsequently", "informed", "that", "blood", "cultures", "isolated", "macrolide-resistant", "Campylobacter", "coli", "with", "an", "MIC", "for", "ciprofloxacin", "of", "0", ".", "125", "(", "no", "cephalosporins", "were", "tested", ")", ";", "the", "culture", "of", "the", "FNA", "of", "the", "ACS", "was", "negative", ".", "Treatment", "was", "changed", "to", "ciprofloxacin", "(", "750", "mg", "every", "12", "hours", ")", "for", "a", "total", "of", "4", "weeks", "of", "antibiotherapy", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Campylobacter", "coli", "sternoclavicular", "arthritis", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "Bruton", "'", "s", "agammaglobulimemia", "." ]
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en
A 13-year-old female patient, allergic to grass pollen, was referred to our clinic for presenting right nasal congestion without rhinorrhoea with right maxillary pain and right malar erythema of two months' evolution refractory to treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs and several courses of antibiotics. She was afebrile. Nasofibroscopy showed oedema of the nasal mucosa and right inferior and middle turbinate with no other signs. Sinus X-ray showed partial opacification of the right maxillary sinus. Oral and topical nasal corticosteroid treatment was prescribed. As the symptoms persisted one month later, a CT scan of the sinuses was requested. While waiting for the scan to be performed, the patient brought in a worm specimen that she said had emerged from her right nostril the previous night. Microbiological analysis confirmed Enterobius vermicularis infection. Albendazole 400 mg as a single dose was prescribed, with progressive improvement of the clinical picture over the following months. No further specimens were observed in the nostril during further examinations.
[ "A", "13-year-old", "female", "patient", ",", "allergic", "to", "grass", "pollen", ",", "was", "referred", "to", "our", "clinic", "for", "presenting", "right", "nasal", "congestion", "without", "rhinorrhoea", "with", "right", "maxillary", "pain", "and", "right", "malar", "erythema", "of", "two", "months", "'", "evolution", "refractory", "to", "treatment", "with", "anti-inflammatory", "drugs", "and", "several", "courses", "of", "antibiotics", ".", "She", "was", "afebrile", ".", "Nasofibroscopy", "showed", "oedema", "of", "the", "nasal", "mucosa", "and", "right", "inferior", "and", "middle", "turbinate", "with", "no", "other", "signs", ".", "Sinus", "X-ray", "showed", "partial", "opacification", "of", "the", "right", "maxillary", "sinus", ".", "Oral", "and", "topical", "nasal", "corticosteroid", "treatment", "was", "prescribed", ".", "As", "the", "symptoms", "persisted", "one", "month", "later", ",", "a", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "sinuses", "was", "requested", ".", "While", "waiting", "for", "the", "scan", "to", "be", "performed", ",", "the", "patient", "brought", "in", "a", "worm", "specimen", "that", "she", "said", "had", "emerged", "from", "her", "right", "nostril", "the", "previous", "night", ".", "Microbiological", "analysis", "confirmed", "Enterobius", "vermicularis", "infection", ".", "Albendazole", "400", "mg", "as", "a", "single", "dose", "was", "prescribed", ",", "with", "progressive", "improvement", "of", "the", "clinical", "picture", "over", "the", "following", "months", ".", "No", "further", "specimens", "were", "observed", "in", "the", "nostril", "during", "further", "examinations", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis 35-year-old woman; her personal history included smoking 8 cigarettes a day and drinking 1-2 beers/day. No drug use. Tubal ligation, no gynaecological consultation in the last year. The patient came to the clinic for vulvar pruritus and eruption of vulvo-anal lesions of 2 months' duration. She had not received any medical treatment. She describes sexual relations only with her stable partner and without the use of a condom; the partner has no genital symptoms. Physical examination She has perivulvar vegetating lesions with a verrucous appearance and flat, rounded, shiny vegetations, the latter also in the perianal area. From their morphology, the first lesions look like condylomata acuminata and the second like flat condylomata. There is also a macular rash on the abdomen and upper limbs, with a slight pruritic sensation. Additional tests - A protocolised study of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was carried out with vaginal and cervical exudates, a cervical cytological study and a PCR study specific for human papillomavirus (HPV) of the perivulvar vegetating lesions. It is completed with serology for lues, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B and C virus. - In the exudate collection, Gardnerella vaginalis is present and there are guide cells. Cervico-vaginal cytology with moderate dysplasia (CIN III). The PCR test for perivulvar HPV shows a positive result for HPV subtype 31. Serology is compatible with lupus, positive HAART and ELISA with positive RPR at 1/32. HIV and HBV negative. HCV indeterminate. Treatment and evolution Treatment was started with benzathine penicillin 2.4 million IU, 1 vial per week for 3 weeks and metronidazole vaginal ova for her G. vaginalis vaginosis. One month after the first visit, the lesions corresponding to flat condylomas are not visible and the lesions that looked like HPV infection, confirmed by PCR, have a cicatricial appearance and have practically disappeared.
[ "Anamnesis", "35-year-old", "woman", ";", "her", "personal", "history", "included", "smoking", "8", "cigarettes", "a", "day", "and", "drinking", "1-2", "beers", "/", "day", ".", "No", "drug", "use", ".", "Tubal", "ligation", ",", "no", "gynaecological", "consultation", "in", "the", "last", "year", ".", "The", "patient", "came", "to", "the", "clinic", "for", "vulvar", "pruritus", "and", "eruption", "of", "vulvo-anal", "lesions", "of", "2", "months", "'", "duration", ".", "She", "had", "not", "received", "any", "medical", "treatment", ".", "She", "describes", "sexual", "relations", "only", "with", "her", "stable", "partner", "and", "without", "the", "use", "of", "a", "condom", ";", "the", "partner", "has", "no", "genital", "symptoms", ".", "Physical", "examination", "She", "has", "perivulvar", "vegetating", "lesions", "with", "a", "verrucous", "appearance", "and", "flat", ",", "rounded", ",", "shiny", "vegetations", ",", "the", "latter", "also", "in", "the", "perianal", "area", ".", "From", "their", "morphology", ",", "the", "first", "lesions", "look", "like", "condylomata", "acuminata", "and", "the", "second", "like", "flat", "condylomata", ".", "There", "is", "also", "a", "macular", "rash", "on", "the", "abdomen", "and", "upper", "limbs", ",", "with", "a", "slight", "pruritic", "sensation", ".", "Additional", "tests", "-", "A", "protocolised", "study", "of", "sexually", "transmitted", "infections", "(", "STIs", ")", "was", "carried", "out", "with", "vaginal", "and", "cervical", "exudates", ",", "a", "cervical", "cytological", "study", "and", "a", "PCR", "study", "specific", "for", "human", "papillomavirus", "(", "HPV", ")", "of", "the", "perivulvar", "vegetating", "lesions", ".", "It", "is", "completed", "with", "serology", "for", "lues", ",", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "(", "HIV", ")", ",", "and", "hepatitis", "B", "and", "C", "virus", ".", "-", "In", "the", "exudate", "collection", ",", "Gardnerella", "vaginalis", "is", "present", "and", "there", "are", "guide", "cells", ".", "Cervico-vaginal", "cytology", "with", "moderate", "dysplasia", "(", "CIN", "III", ")", ".", "The", "PCR", "test", "for", "perivulvar", "HPV", "shows", "a", "positive", "result", "for", "HPV", "subtype", "31", ".", "Serology", "is", "compatible", "with", "lupus", ",", "positive", "HAART", "and", "ELISA", "with", "positive", "RPR", "at", "1", "/", "32", ".", "HIV", "and", "HBV", "negative", ".", "HCV", "indeterminate", ".", "Treatment", "and", "evolution", "Treatment", "was", "started", "with", "benzathine", "penicillin", "2", ".", "4", "million", "IU", ",", "1", "vial", "per", "week", "for", "3", "weeks", "and", "metronidazole", "vaginal", "ova", "for", "her", "G", ".", "vaginalis", "vaginosis", ".", "One", "month", "after", "the", "first", "visit", ",", "the", "lesions", "corresponding", "to", "flat", "condylomas", "are", "not", "visible", "and", "the", "lesions", "that", "looked", "like", "HPV", "infection", ",", "confirmed", "by", "PCR", ",", "have", "a", "cicatricial", "appearance", "and", "have", "practically", "disappeared", "." ]
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 22, "end": 27 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 33, "end": 41 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 196, "end": 203 }, { "text": "partner", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 397, "end": 404 }, { "text": "partner", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 442, "end": 449 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1173, "end": 1176 }, { "text": "HPV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1060, "end": 1063 }, { "text": "human papillomavirus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1038, "end": 1058 }, { "text": "human immunodeficiency virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1143, "end": 1171 }, { "text": "lues", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1137, "end": 1141 }, { "text": "hepatitis B and C virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1183, "end": 1206 }, { "text": "HAART", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1477, "end": 1482 }, { "text": "HBV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1528, "end": 1531 }, { "text": "HCV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1542, "end": 1545 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1520, "end": 1523 }, { "text": "HPV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1385, "end": 1388 }, { "text": "HPV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1417, "end": 1420 }, { "text": "HPV subtype 31", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1417, "end": 1431 }, { "text": "Gardnerella vaginalis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1237, "end": 1258 }, { "text": "G. vaginalis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1717, "end": 1729 }, { "text": "HPV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1868, "end": 1871 } ]
en
A 38-year-old non-smoking, non-drinking woman with a history of migraine headache and a single attack in 2005. Diagnosed 10 days earlier with: Multiple Myeloma Bence-Jones Lambda Stage IIIA, associated with deterioration of renal function as the first clinical manifestation: Myeloma kidney, which required a renal biopsy and the start of induction treatment with chemotherapy with boluses of i.v. Dexamethasone. The patient consulted for intense holocranial headache, asthenia, vomiting, fever up to 39oC, paraesthesia in the left shoulder, and commented on the inability to remember in the short term. Physical examination revealed an alteration of higher functions, with bradypsychia, alteration of short-term memory, emotional lability, nominative aphasia, nuchal rigidity, but with negative Kerning and Bruzinsky. Laboratory tests were requested: haemoglobin 9.2 mg/dl, leukocytosis, creatinine 1.87mg/dl, rest normal. Urine sediment showed pyuria and empirical treatment with ceftriaxone was started. Blood and urine cultures were taken without microbiological isolation. Chest and abdominal X-rays were normal. Given the clinical manifestations, a non-contrast cranial CT scan was requested with normal results, and a lumbar puncture of non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed (leukocytes 1342/mm3; polymorphonuclear: 3.1%; mononuclear 97%, red blood cells 1000/mm3; ADA, glucose and proteins normal), together with culture and Gram stain of CSF; serology for HSV, HIV, CMV, Toxoplasma. Results Given the patient's clinical manifestations and CSF analysis compatible with probable viral vs. decapitated bacterial encephalitis, empirical treatment was started with acyclovir iv adjusted to renal function, ceftriaxone, vancomycin and ampicillin. Cultures, Gram stain, HIV, CMV, Toxoplasma serology were negative. IgG serology for HSV was positive. Contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) was requested, which showed: extensive subcortical cortico-subcortical hyperintense lesion in left anterior temporal T2, insula, hippocampus and basal ganglia with mass effect and slight midline deviation of 3-4mm, and haemorrhagic necrotic component in its interior, and slight right temporal involvement. PCR was requested for Enterovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Varicella Zoster Virus, Cytomegalovirus, with a positive result for HSV-1. Final Diagnosis Left temporal herpetic encephalitis with mild right involvement.
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[ { "text": "CMV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1491, "end": 1494 }, { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 40, "end": 45 }, { "text": "Toxoplasma", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1496, "end": 1506 }, { "text": "HSV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1481, "end": 1484 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1486, "end": 1489 }, { "text": "microbiological isolation", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1051, "end": 1076 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 417, "end": 424 }, { "text": "CMV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1794, "end": 1797 }, { "text": "Cytomegalovirus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2321, "end": 2336 }, { "text": "Enterovirus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2256, "end": 2267 }, { "text": "Toxoplasma", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1799, "end": 1809 }, { "text": "HSV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1851, "end": 1854 }, { "text": "HSV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2291, "end": 2294 }, { "text": "HSV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2365, "end": 2368 }, { "text": "HSV-1", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2365, "end": 2370 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1789, "end": 1792 }, { "text": "Herpes Simplex Virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2269, "end": 2289 }, { "text": "Varicella Zoster Virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2297, "end": 2319 }, { "text": "bacterial", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1625, "end": 1634 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1527, "end": 1534 }, { "text": "viral", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1603, "end": 1608 }, { "text": "herpetic", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2403, "end": 2411 } ]
en
An 83-year-old man with a history of hypertension, stage D COPD with severe functional impairment and a recent diagnosis of ascending colon neoplasia treated conservatively due to comorbidity. She also had stage 3 CKD and symptomatic BPH requiring permanent bladder catheterisation. She was admitted due to deterioration of her general condition over a week's evolution and because she had noticed purple urine colouring in the catheterisation bag. She had no fever or other focal symptoms. Examination revealed signs of severe calorie malnutrition (BMI 15.8 kg/m2) despite an acceptable oral intake and taking hyperproteic nutritional supplements. Additional tests requested on admission included: deterioration of renal function and anaemic syndrome, both stable compared to previous controls (creatinine 2.10 mg/dl, urea 173 mg/dl, Hb 107 g/l), urine smear with leucocyturia and urine culture which 48 hours later was positive for E. coli (> 100,000 CFU/ml). The purple bag urine syndrome is a rare entity that characteristically affects elderly women with prolonged bladder catheterisation and debilitated by chronic diseases. The presence of previous urological pathology, prolonged bed rest and chronic constipation are predisposing factors. It occurs in the presence of high concentrations of bacteria with indoxyl sulphatase/phosphatase activity (Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas or E. coli, among others) that thrive in an alkaline environment. It is not usually associated with increased morbidity, and in most cases resolves with catheter replacement, hygienic measures and antibiotic treatment. In general, infections are not very symptomatic, and most patients are afebrile, without leukocytosis or other relevant data. The purple colour is due to the conversion of indoxyl sulphate, a metabolite of tryptophan, into indoxyl by the action of bacterial sulphatase/phosphatase enzymes. Once in the bag, when it comes into contact with oxygen, it is transformed into indigo and indirubin, the mixture of which gives rise to a purple hue. The oxidation process takes a few hours, so that initially the urine looks normal and the colouring is seen some time later in the collection bag. In this case, we believe that the use of nutritional supplements rich in tryptophan played an important role in the development of this syndrome.
[ "An", "83-year-old", "man", "with", "a", "history", "of", "hypertension", ",", "stage", "D", "COPD", "with", "severe", "functional", "impairment", "and", "a", "recent", "diagnosis", "of", "ascending", "colon", "neoplasia", "treated", "conservatively", "due", "to", "comorbidity", ".", "She", "also", "had", "stage", "3", "CKD", "and", "symptomatic", "BPH", "requiring", "permanent", "bladder", "catheterisation", ".", "She", "was", "admitted", "due", "to", "deterioration", "of", "her", "general", "condition", "over", "a", "week", "'", "s", "evolution", "and", "because", "she", "had", "noticed", "purple", "urine", "colouring", "in", "the", "catheterisation", "bag", ".", "She", "had", "no", "fever", "or", "other", "focal", "symptoms", ".", "Examination", "revealed", "signs", "of", "severe", "calorie", "malnutrition", "(", "BMI", "15", ".", "8", "kg", "/", "m2", ")", "despite", "an", "acceptable", "oral", "intake", "and", "taking", "hyperproteic", "nutritional", "supplements", ".", "Additional", "tests", "requested", "on", "admission", "included", ":", "deterioration", "of", "renal", "function", "and", "anaemic", "syndrome", ",", "both", "stable", "compared", "to", "previous", "controls", "(", "creatinine", "2", ".", "10", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "urea", "173", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "Hb", "107", "g", "/", "l", ")", ",", "urine", "smear", "with", "leucocyturia", "and", "urine", "culture", "which", "48", "hours", "later", "was", "positive", "for", "E", ".", "coli", "(", ">", "100", ",", "000", "CFU", "/", "ml", ")", ".", "The", "purple", "bag", "urine", "syndrome", "is", "a", "rare", "entity", "that", "characteristically", "affects", "elderly", "women", "with", "prolonged", "bladder", "catheterisation", "and", "debilitated", "by", "chronic", "diseases", ".", "The", "presence", "of", "previous", "urological", "pathology", ",", "prolonged", "bed", "rest", "and", "chronic", "constipation", "are", "predisposing", "factors", ".", "It", "occurs", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "high", "concentrations", "of", "bacteria", "with", "indoxyl", "sulphatase", "/", "phosphatase", "activity", "(", "Proteus", ",", "Providencia", ",", "Pseudomonas", "or", "E", ".", "coli", ",", "among", "others", ")", "that", "thrive", "in", "an", "alkaline", "environment", ".", "It", "is", "not", "usually", "associated", "with", "increased", "morbidity", ",", "and", "in", "most", "cases", "resolves", "with", "catheter", "replacement", ",", "hygienic", "measures", "and", "antibiotic", "treatment", ".", "In", "general", ",", "infections", "are", "not", "very", "symptomatic", ",", "and", "most", "patients", "are", "afebrile", ",", "without", "leukocytosis", "or", "other", "relevant", "data", ".", "The", "purple", "colour", "is", "due", "to", "the", "conversion", "of", "indoxyl", "sulphate", ",", "a", "metabolite", "of", "tryptophan", ",", "into", "indoxyl", "by", "the", "action", "of", "bacterial", "sulphatase", "/", "phosphatase", "enzymes", ".", "Once", "in", "the", "bag", ",", "when", "it", "comes", "into", "contact", "with", "oxygen", ",", "it", "is", "transformed", "into", "indigo", "and", "indirubin", ",", "the", "mixture", "of", "which", "gives", "rise", "to", "a", "purple", "hue", ".", "The", "oxidation", "process", "takes", "a", "few", "hours", ",", "so", "that", "initially", "the", "urine", "looks", "normal", "and", "the", "colouring", "is", "seen", "some", "time", "later", "in", "the", "collection", "bag", ".", "In", "this", "case", ",", "we", "believe", "that", "the", "use", "of", "nutritional", "supplements", "rich", "in", "tryptophan", "played", "an", "important", "role", "in", "the", "development", "of", "this", "syndrome", "." ]
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[ { "text": "E. coli", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 934, "end": 941 }, { "text": "women", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1049, "end": 1054 }, { "text": "Pseudomonas", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1377, "end": 1388 }, { "text": "bacteria with indoxyl sulphatase/phosphatase activity", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1300, "end": 1353 }, { "text": "patients", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1666, "end": 1674 }, { "text": "E. coli", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1392, "end": 1399 } ]
en
Anamnesis Female, 56 years old. Family history: father with prostate cancer. Personal history: allergy to inzitan, appendectomy, hysterectomy for myomas. The patient was followed up by dermatology in 2008 for a pink, hyperkeratotic lesion located in the left supragluteal region, the result of the biopsy being clonal seborrhoeic keratosis. The lesion became ulcerative, so in July 2013 a biopsy was performed again, which was diagnostic of eccrine pororcarcinoma in the lumbar region. She had to undergo surgery on up to four occasions due to locoregional recurrences, the last time in March 2015 with left inguinal emptying with metastasis of porocarcinoma in 6/12 adenopathies. Subsequent PET/CT scan detected local relapse and lymph node metastases at bilateral iliac, right inguinal and presacral levels. It was considered unresectable due to lymph node involvement and new lesions appeared in the graft area. The patient was referred to the oncology department and it was decided to start chemotherapy treatment. Physical examination At the time of diagnosis and assessment by Oncology: Good general condition. Conscious, oriented, cooperative. Maintained constant values. Ulcerated and exudative skin lesions with the presence of lethals in the left supragluteal region. Complementary tests PET/CT scan in April 2015 showing local relapse and lymph node metastases in bilateral iliac, right inguinal and presacral regions. Re-evaluation CT scan in August 2015 with partial response. CT scan in May 2016 with complete response. Laboratory tests. Diagnosis The patient was diagnosed with eccrine porocarcinoma in 2013 after biopsy of the lesions in the supragluteal region, receiving up to four surgical interventions to remove the tumour. Advanced disease was diagnosed by PET/CT in April 2015. Treatment The patient underwent surgery with enlarged margins on up to four occasions by the Dermatology Department, and in January 2015 she underwent left inguinal emptying for adeopathies by the General Surgery Department. Oncology initially administered 6 cycles of taxotere. On follow-up in consultation and once tumour progression was observed, taxotere was started in conjunction with radiotherapy, which was intended to be palliative. When the radiodermatitis lesions became considerably serious due to cellulitis complications, chemotherapy was suspended and antibiotic treatment (clindamycin and moxifloxacin) was administered together with local treatment until the infection was remitted and the lesions progressed well. Evolution The patient began treatment in June 2015 with taxotere, completing 6 cycles in August 2015 with a partial response. In November 2015, tumour progression was observed in the skin and she received palliative radiotherapy concomitant with taxotere. In February 2016, she presented skin lesions compatible with radiodermatitis, which was complicated by cellulitis in April 2016. It was decided to interrupt chemotherapy until the lesions resolved. These lesions were treated on an outpatient basis with clindamycin, moxifloxacin and local dressings in the day hospital. The patient experienced a good evolution of the dermal lesions within a week. She is currently being followed up in the oncology department, free of treatment and with good evolution of the dermal lesions. The tumour is currently in complete response according to the latest CAT scan, and without lymph node disease.
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"of", "porocarcinoma", "in", "6", "/", "12", "adenopathies", ".", "Subsequent", "PET", "/", "CT", "scan", "detected", "local", "relapse", "and", "lymph", "node", "metastases", "at", "bilateral", "iliac", ",", "right", "inguinal", "and", "presacral", "levels", ".", "It", "was", "considered", "unresectable", "due", "to", "lymph", "node", "involvement", "and", "new", "lesions", "appeared", "in", "the", "graft", "area", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "oncology", "department", "and", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "start", "chemotherapy", "treatment", ".", "Physical", "examination", "At", "the", "time", "of", "diagnosis", "and", "assessment", "by", "Oncology", ":", "Good", "general", "condition", ".", "Conscious", ",", "oriented", ",", "cooperative", ".", "Maintained", "constant", "values", ".", "Ulcerated", "and", "exudative", "skin", "lesions", "with", "the", "presence", "of", "lethals", "in", "the", "left", "supragluteal", "region", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "PET", "/", "CT", "scan", "in", "April", "2015", "showing", "local", "relapse", "and", "lymph", "node", "metastases", "in", "bilateral", "iliac", ",", "right", "inguinal", "and", "presacral", "regions", ".", "Re-evaluation", "CT", "scan", "in", "August", "2015", "with", "partial", "response", ".", "CT", "scan", "in", "May", "2016", "with", "complete", "response", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", ".", "Diagnosis", "The", "patient", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "eccrine", "porocarcinoma", "in", "2013", "after", "biopsy", "of", "the", "lesions", "in", "the", "supragluteal", "region", ",", "receiving", "up", "to", "four", "surgical", "interventions", "to", "remove", "the", "tumour", ".", "Advanced", "disease", "was", "diagnosed", "by", "PET", "/", "CT", "in", "April", "2015", ".", "Treatment", "The", "patient", "underwent", "surgery", "with", "enlarged", "margins", "on", "up", "to", "four", "occasions", "by", "the", "Dermatology", "Department", ",", "and", "in", "January", "2015", "she", "underwent", "left", "inguinal", "emptying", "for", "adeopathies", "by", "the", "General", "Surgery", "Department", ".", "Oncology", "initially", "administered", "6", "cycles", "of", "taxotere", ".", "On", "follow-up", "in", "consultation", "and", "once", "tumour", "progression", "was", "observed", ",", "taxotere", "was", "started", "in", "conjunction", "with", "radiotherapy", ",", "which", "was", "intended", "to", "be", "palliative", ".", "When", "the", "radiodermatitis", "lesions", "became", "considerably", "serious", "due", "to", "cellulitis", "complications", ",", "chemotherapy", "was", "suspended", "and", "antibiotic", "treatment", "(", "clindamycin", "and", "moxifloxacin", ")", "was", "administered", "together", "with", "local", "treatment", "until", "the", "infection", "was", "remitted", "and", "the", "lesions", "progressed", "well", ".", "Evolution", "The", "patient", "began", "treatment", "in", "June", "2015", "with", "taxotere", ",", "completing", "6", "cycles", "in", "August", "2015", "with", "a", "partial", "response", ".", "In", "November", "2015", ",", "tumour", "progression", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "skin", "and", "she", "received", "palliative", "radiotherapy", "concomitant", "with", "taxotere", ".", "In", "February", "2016", ",", "she", "presented", "skin", "lesions", "compatible", "with", "radiodermatitis", ",", "which", "was", "complicated", "by", "cellulitis", "in", "April", "2016", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "to", "interrupt", "chemotherapy", "until", "the", "lesions", "resolved", ".", "These", "lesions", "were", "treated", "on", "an", "outpatient", "basis", "with", "clindamycin", ",", "moxifloxacin", "and", "local", "dressings", "in", "the", "day", "hospital", ".", "The", "patient", "experienced", "a", "good", "evolution", "of", "the", "dermal", "lesions", "within", "a", "week", ".", "She", "is", "currently", "being", "followed", "up", "in", "the", "oncology", "department", ",", "free", "of", "treatment", "and", "with", "good", "evolution", "of", "the", "dermal", "lesions", ".", "The", "tumour", "is", "currently", "in", "complete", "response", "according", "to", "the", "latest", "CAT", "scan", ",", "and", "without", "lymph", "node", "disease", "." ]
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en
An 8-year-old boy with asthma, sensitisation to Dermatophagoides and olive tree pollen and allergy to walnut and pistachio, presented with pharyngeal pruritus after drinking a glass of natural horchata (brand unknown), which comes from the Cyperus esculentus plant. Results: PP horchata Chufi® and OrXata!® negative. PP Tigernut PP negative. PPO: tolerates horchata Chufi®(UHT).
[ "An", "8-year-old", "boy", "with", "asthma", ",", "sensitisation", "to", "Dermatophagoides", "and", "olive", "tree", "pollen", "and", "allergy", "to", "walnut", "and", "pistachio", ",", "presented", "with", "pharyngeal", "pruritus", "after", "drinking", "a", "glass", "of", "natural", "horchata", "(", "brand", "unknown", ")", ",", "which", "comes", "from", "the", "Cyperus", "esculentus", "plant", ".", "Results", ":", "PP", "horchata", "Chufi", "®", "and", "OrXata", "!", "®", "negative", ".", "PP", "Tigernut", "PP", "negative", ".", "PPO", ":", "tolerates", "horchata", "Chufi", "®", "(", "UHT", ")", "." ]
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[ { "text": "olive tree", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 69, "end": 79 }, { "text": "Dermatophagoides", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 48, "end": 64 }, { "text": "walnut", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 102, "end": 108 }, { "text": "pistachio", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 113, "end": 122 } ]
en
Juan is a 20-year-old single patient who lives with his mother. He has no siblings. Academically, he has only completed primary school. He has never had a stable job (he has only occasionally worked as a waiter in a discotheque). Among the psychobiographical data, the following stand out: the separation of his parents when he was 6 years old; the disappearance of his father 2 years later (because he went to prison, a circumstance that is hidden from him and that the patient discovers accidentally when he is 13-14 years old); the intervention in the family nucleus of his grandmother, an overprotective figure who tends to infantilise him with her treatment, as well as permanently disallowing the role of the mother, who on the other hand is not very present in his education given that after the separation she must take financial responsibility for the family's upkeep. The discovery of his father's whereabouts is experienced by the patient as a betrayal by his parents and this coincides temporarily with his dropping out of school, his first contacts with marginal environments and his beginning to consume toxic substances, without finding any figure to impose limits on these maladaptive behaviours or to serve as a model of "normalised" growth. Baseline situation In the months prior to admission: from the critical period referred to above (around the age of 14), according to the family, there is a progressive abandonment of any previous interests (training, work, sports or any other form of leisure and later of affective, friendly or family relationships), with the patient finding himself in the last year in a situation of isolation, inactivity and apathy in which his only regular activity was the consumption of cannabis (even at home and against his mother's verbal prohibitions). His history does not include any history of medical illnesses or relevant surgical interventions, nor any known drug allergies. As a family history, the only known family history is that his father has suffered from compulsive gambling and cannabis abuse. History of use Cannabis smoker since the age of 14, with criteria of dependence since the age of 15, reaching quantities of about 10 joints a day and without significant periods of abstinence until the day of admission to our centre. Intranasal cocaine user since the age of 18, meeting abuse criteria for this substance and using quantities that varied according to his economic availability (approximately 0.25 gr/day); he was abstinent in the weeks prior to admission. Alcohol drinker since the age of 7, presenting a pattern of recreational drinking, in moderate quantities and at weekends. Occasional contact with designer drugs between the ages of 15 and 17. He had not made any attempt to stop drug use until contacting his referral Drug Dependency Centre, about 2 months prior to referral to the Dual Pathology Centre. Nor had he required psychiatric or psychological care until the debut of the current episode about 2 months ago. Current illness Admission to the Dual Pathology Centre was voluntary, programmed, referred from a Drug Dependency Care Centre. The aim of the admission was detoxification, the start of detoxification, the carrying out of a psychopathological assessment in a situation of abstinence and stabilisation in this area. According to the referral report, a few weeks earlier, the family had requested outpatient psychiatric care for the patient because he presented behavioural alterations and some self-harming gestures in a clinical context compatible with an unidentified psychotic episode. Despite this, he was not taking any pharmacological treatment at the time of admission, although he had been prescribed 5 mg/d of Olanzapine in the previous weeks (he reported having abandoned the treatment due to sedation). So far he had not required psychiatric hospitalisation. Initial psychopathological examination Conscious, oriented, cooperative. Contains his anxiety with difficulty. He reports experiences of depersonalisation, perceptual distortions in the visual sphere and hallucinatory phenomena, both auditory and kinaesthetic. Hypochondriacal fears in relation to the latter: "I can't feel my lungs, maybe I don't have...". Experiences of external influence and control. Deliroid interpretation of harm in relation to conflictive relationships with former consumption partners. Affective and behavioural repercussions of the aforementioned psychotic symptomatology (low mood, irritability, isolation, abandonment of activities and social interaction). Mixed insomnia. No self/heteroaggressiveness, nor self-harmful ideation. Partial awareness of illness. His motivation for treatment was based solely on pressure from his family environment. Evolution During the first weeks after admission, the patient continued to be anxious; this, together with the abstinence symptoms and the lack of awareness of his illness, led him to consider interrupting the therapeutic process on several occasions. We worked with him on this aspect from a psychoeducational and supportive approach, with a good response. In this first phase, the symptoms were also managed pharmacologically, with risperidone up to a dose of 4 mg/d and bromacepam up to a dose of 4.5 mg/d, with no notable side effects. A week after admission, the psychotic symptoms decreased considerably, and the ideas of harm and sensory-perceptual disturbances were well criticised, until the symptoms disappeared after one month. Once detoxified (with negative urine for any substance of abuse) and with the disappearance of the symptoms he presented on admission, we observed a basic personality marked by traits of immaturity, confirmed by the Graphic Projective Tests, in which an infantilised graphism was evident, with signs of avoidance, withdrawal and traits of anxiety, but transmitting an empathic affective contact and without psychotic traits in his character structure; in the elaboration of stories his reasoning was concrete, as if he had not reached the abstraction capacity of adolescence. Neither clinical nor specific personality tests (MCMI-II) were suggestive of any diagnosable disorder in this area. Signs that were observed in this phase of withdrawal included generalised slowing down, subdepressive mood, low initiative, a tendency to avoid interpersonal contact for fear of external evaluation, verbalisations of feelings of emptiness, and difficulties in planning and organising the future; all of these experiences were associated by the patient himself with cravings and he acknowledged having experienced them chronically in recent years. All this symptomatology responded favourably to the use of SSRI antidepressants (escitalopram up to 20 mg/d), and the patient's craving for cannabis consumption was significantly alleviated and the episodes of craving that he had experienced in the previous phase disappeared. The antipsychotic medication was withdrawn and his clinical evolution was observed for a further 1.5 months in the CPD; none of the psychotic symptoms that he presented at the beginning of the admission reappeared and the improvement in both the cognitive and affective spheres became more evident. From the psychotherapeutic point of view, the individual approach focused on the reorganisation of the family subsystems, on achieving a reinterpretation of the betrayal he felt in adolescence, on reinstating the figure of the father and on investing the mother with some authority. The patient's return to academic training and the establishment of daily routines that would allow him to reorganise his day-to-day life in a more adaptive way were also supported with a view to his discharge. Group intervention was also carried out using the different approaches that form part of the therapeutic programme of the device: psychoeducation, relapse prevention, self-control of anxiety, training in social skills or problem solving, occupational therapy workshops, socio-cultural animation and free time management. Also as part of the programme and in order to carry out a progressive return to the usual environment, weekly outings were made from the centre together with the family members of reference, which passed without significant incidents, with negative toxicological controls for any substance of abuse. At discharge the patient was asymptomatic and with coherent plans for the future. Differential diagnosis The differential diagnosis made during his stay at the device was aimed at ruling out or confirming a possible first outbreak of Schizophrenia or, alternatively, an episode of Toxic Psychosis secondary to the continued consumption of significant amounts of cannabis. The picture of personal impairment or deficit that emerged before the consolidation of the skills necessary for maturation as an individual was completed could have been considered as premorbid personality and adjustment of a schizophrenic-type syndrome if it had not been shown to be reversible with abstinence. The aforementioned "deficiency" state could then be attributed to the well-known Amotivational Syndrome associated with chronic cannabis use. Therefore, the diagnosis issued on discharge was (according to ICD-10 criteria): Mental and behavioural disorders due to cannabis use (dependence): F 12.2 Mental and behavioural disorders due to cocaine use (abuse): F 14.1 Probable Toxic Psychosis, with symptomatology in remission at discharge: F 19.5 Discharge from this device was coordinated with his therapeutic team from the referring Drug Dependency Care Centre and with his Mental Health Centre of reference to ensure continuation of the clinical follow-up both in the area of consumption and psychopathology. As pharmacological treatment, maintenance was indicated with 1 cp of escitalopram 20 mg daily administered with breakfast.
[ "Juan", "is", "a", "20-year-old", "single", "patient", "who", "lives", "with", "his", "mother", ".", "He", "has", "no", "siblings", ".", "Academically", ",", "he", "has", "only", "completed", "primary", "school", ".", "He", "has", "never", "had", "a", "stable", "job", "(", "he", "has", "only", "occasionally", "worked", "as", "a", "waiter", "in", "a", "discotheque", ")", ".", "Among", "the", "psychobiographical", "data", ",", "the", "following", "stand", "out", ":", "the", "separation", "of", "his", "parents", "when", "he", "was", "6", "years", "old", ";", "the", "disappearance", "of", "his", "father", "2", "years", "later", "(", "because", "he", "went", "to", "prison", ",", "a", "circumstance", "that", "is", "hidden", "from", "him", "and", "that", "the", "patient", "discovers", "accidentally", "when", "he", "is", "13-14", "years", "old", ")", ";", "the", "intervention", "in", "the", "family", "nucleus", "of", "his", "grandmother", ",", "an", "overprotective", "figure", "who", "tends", "to", "infantilise", "him", "with", "her", "treatment", ",", "as", "well", "as", "permanently", "disallowing", "the", "role", "of", "the", "mother", ",", "who", "on", "the", "other", "hand", "is", "not", "very", "present", "in", "his", "education", "given", "that", "after", "the", "separation", "she", "must", "take", "financial", "responsibility", "for", "the", "family", "'", "s", "upkeep", ".", "The", "discovery", "of", "his", "father", "'", "s", "whereabouts", "is", "experienced", "by", "the", "patient", "as", "a", "betrayal", "by", "his", "parents", "and", "this", "coincides", "temporarily", "with", "his", "dropping", "out", "of", "school", ",", "his", "first", "contacts", "with", "marginal", "environments", "and", "his", "beginning", "to", "consume", "toxic", "substances", ",", "without", "finding", "any", "figure", "to", "impose", "limits", "on", "these", "maladaptive", "behaviours", "or", "to", "serve", "as", "a", "model", "of", "\"", "normalised", "\"", "growth", ".", "Baseline", "situation", "In", "the", "months", "prior", "to", "admission", ":", "from", "the", "critical", "period", "referred", "to", "above", "(", "around", "the", "age", "of", "14", ")", ",", "according", "to", "the", "family", ",", "there", "is", "a", "progressive", "abandonment", "of", "any", "previous", "interests", "(", "training", ",", "work", ",", "sports", "or", "any", "other", "form", "of", "leisure", "and", "later", "of", "affective", ",", "friendly", "or", "family", "relationships", ")", ",", "with", "the", "patient", "finding", "himself", "in", "the", "last", "year", "in", "a", "situation", "of", "isolation", ",", "inactivity", "and", "apathy", "in", "which", "his", "only", "regular", "activity", "was", "the", "consumption", "of", "cannabis", "(", "even", "at", "home", "and", "against", "his", "mother", "'", "s", "verbal", "prohibitions", ")", ".", "His", "history", "does", "not", "include", "any", "history", "of", "medical", "illnesses", "or", "relevant", "surgical", "interventions", ",", "nor", "any", "known", "drug", "allergies", ".", "As", "a", "family", "history", ",", "the", "only", "known", "family", "history", "is", "that", "his", "father", "has", "suffered", "from", "compulsive", "gambling", "and", "cannabis", "abuse", ".", "History", "of", "use", "Cannabis", "smoker", "since", "the", "age", "of", "14", ",", "with", "criteria", "of", "dependence", "since", "the", "age", "of", "15", ",", "reaching", "quantities", "of", "about", "10", "joints", "a", "day", "and", "without", "significant", "periods", "of", "abstinence", "until", "the", "day", "of", "admission", "to", "our", "centre", ".", "Intranasal", "cocaine", "user", "since", "the", "age", "of", "18", ",", "meeting", "abuse", "criteria", "for", "this", "substance", "and", "using", "quantities", "that", "varied", "according", "to", "his", "economic", "availability", "(", "approximately", "0", ".", "25", "gr", "/", "day", ")", ";", "he", "was", "abstinent", "in", "the", "weeks", "prior", "to", "admission", ".", "Alcohol", "drinker", "since", "the", "age", "of", "7", ",", "presenting", "a", "pattern", "of", "recreational", "drinking", ",", "in", "moderate", "quantities", "and", "at", "weekends", ".", "Occasional", "contact", "with", "designer", "drugs", "between", "the", "ages", "of", "15", "and", "17", ".", "He", "had", "not", "made", "any", "attempt", "to", "stop", "drug", "use", "until", "contacting", "his", "referral", "Drug", "Dependency", "Centre", ",", "about", "2", "months", "prior", "to", "referral", "to", "the", "Dual", "Pathology", "Centre", ".", "Nor", "had", "he", "required", "psychiatric", "or", "psychological", "care", "until", "the", "debut", "of", "the", "current", "episode", "about", "2", "months", "ago", ".", "Current", "illness", "Admission", "to", "the", "Dual", "Pathology", "Centre", "was", "voluntary", ",", "programmed", ",", "referred", "from", "a", "Drug", "Dependency", "Care", "Centre", ".", "The", "aim", "of", "the", "admission", "was", "detoxification", ",", "the", "start", "of", "detoxification", ",", "the", "carrying", "out", "of", "a", "psychopathological", "assessment", "in", "a", "situation", "of", "abstinence", "and", "stabilisation", "in", "this", "area", ".", "According", "to", "the", "referral", "report", ",", "a", "few", "weeks", "earlier", ",", "the", "family", "had", "requested", "outpatient", "psychiatric", "care", "for", "the", "patient", "because", "he", "presented", "behavioural", "alterations", "and", "some", "self-harming", "gestures", "in", "a", "clinical", "context", "compatible", "with", "an", "unidentified", "psychotic", "episode", ".", "Despite", "this", ",", "he", "was", "not", "taking", "any", "pharmacological", "treatment", "at", "the", "time", "of", "admission", ",", "although", "he", "had", "been", "prescribed", "5", "mg", "/", "d", "of", "Olanzapine", "in", "the", "previous", "weeks", "(", "he", "reported", "having", "abandoned", "the", "treatment", "due", "to", "sedation", ")", ".", "So", "far", "he", "had", "not", "required", "psychiatric", "hospitalisation", ".", "Initial", "psychopathological", "examination", "Conscious", ",", "oriented", ",", "cooperative", ".", "Contains", "his", "anxiety", "with", "difficulty", ".", "He", "reports", "experiences", "of", "depersonalisation", ",", "perceptual", "distortions", "in", "the", "visual", "sphere", "and", "hallucinatory", "phenomena", ",", "both", "auditory", "and", "kinaesthetic", ".", "Hypochondriacal", "fears", "in", "relation", "to", "the", "latter", ":", "\"", "I", "can", "'", "t", "feel", "my", "lungs", ",", "maybe", "I", "don", "'", "t", "have", ".", ".", ".", "\"", ".", "Experiences", "of", "external", "influence", "and", "control", ".", "Deliroid", "interpretation", "of", "harm", "in", "relation", "to", "conflictive", "relationships", "with", "former", "consumption", "partners", ".", "Affective", "and", "behavioural", "repercussions", "of", "the", "aforementioned", "psychotic", "symptomatology", "(", "low", "mood", ",", "irritability", ",", "isolation", ",", "abandonment", "of", "activities", "and", "social", "interaction", ")", ".", "Mixed", "insomnia", ".", "No", "self", "/", "heteroaggressiveness", ",", "nor", "self-harmful", "ideation", ".", "Partial", "awareness", "of", "illness", ".", "His", "motivation", "for", "treatment", "was", "based", "solely", "on", "pressure", "from", "his", "family", "environment", ".", "Evolution", "During", "the", "first", "weeks", "after", "admission", ",", "the", "patient", "continued", "to", "be", "anxious", ";", "this", ",", "together", "with", "the", "abstinence", "symptoms", "and", "the", "lack", "of", "awareness", "of", "his", "illness", ",", "led", "him", "to", "consider", "interrupting", "the", "therapeutic", "process", "on", "several", "occasions", ".", "We", "worked", "with", "him", "on", "this", "aspect", "from", "a", "psychoeducational", "and", "supportive", "approach", ",", "with", "a", "good", "response", ".", "In", "this", "first", "phase", ",", "the", "symptoms", "were", "also", "managed", "pharmacologically", ",", "with", "risperidone", "up", "to", "a", "dose", "of", "4", "mg", "/", "d", "and", "bromacepam", "up", "to", "a", "dose", "of", "4", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "d", ",", "with", "no", "notable", "side", "effects", ".", "A", "week", "after", "admission", ",", "the", "psychotic", "symptoms", "decreased", "considerably", ",", "and", "the", "ideas", "of", "harm", "and", "sensory-perceptual", "disturbances", "were", "well", "criticised", ",", "until", "the", "symptoms", "disappeared", "after", "one", "month", ".", "Once", "detoxified", "(", "with", "negative", "urine", "for", "any", "substance", "of", "abuse", ")", "and", "with", "the", "disappearance", "of", "the", "symptoms", "he", "presented", "on", "admission", ",", "we", "observed", "a", "basic", "personality", "marked", "by", "traits", "of", "immaturity", ",", "confirmed", "by", "the", "Graphic", "Projective", "Tests", ",", "in", "which", "an", "infantilised", "graphism", "was", "evident", ",", "with", "signs", "of", "avoidance", ",", "withdrawal", "and", "traits", "of", "anxiety", ",", "but", "transmitting", "an", "empathic", "affective", "contact", "and", "without", "psychotic", "traits", "in", "his", "character", "structure", ";", "in", "the", "elaboration", "of", "stories", "his", "reasoning", "was", "concrete", ",", "as", "if", "he", "had", "not", "reached", "the", "abstraction", "capacity", "of", "adolescence", ".", "Neither", "clinical", "nor", "specific", "personality", "tests", "(", "MCMI-II", ")", "were", "suggestive", "of", "any", "diagnosable", "disorder", "in", "this", "area", ".", "Signs", "that", "were", "observed", "in", "this", "phase", "of", "withdrawal", "included", "generalised", "slowing", "down", ",", "subdepressive", "mood", ",", "low", "initiative", ",", "a", "tendency", "to", "avoid", "interpersonal", "contact", "for", "fear", "of", "external", "evaluation", ",", "verbalisations", "of", "feelings", "of", "emptiness", ",", "and", "difficulties", "in", "planning", "and", "organising", "the", "future", ";", "all", "of", "these", "experiences", "were", "associated", "by", "the", "patient", "himself", "with", "cravings", "and", "he", "acknowledged", "having", "experienced", "them", "chronically", "in", "recent", "years", ".", "All", "this", "symptomatology", "responded", "favourably", "to", "the", "use", "of", "SSRI", "antidepressants", "(", "escitalopram", "up", "to", "20", "mg", "/", "d", ")", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "craving", "for", "cannabis", "consumption", "was", "significantly", "alleviated", "and", "the", "episodes", "of", "craving", "that", "he", "had", "experienced", "in", "the", "previous", "phase", "disappeared", ".", "The", "antipsychotic", "medication", "was", "withdrawn", "and", "his", "clinical", "evolution", "was", "observed", "for", "a", "further", "1", ".", "5", "months", "in", "the", "CPD", ";", "none", "of", "the", "psychotic", "symptoms", "that", "he", "presented", "at", "the", "beginning", "of", "the", "admission", "reappeared", "and", "the", "improvement", "in", "both", "the", "cognitive", "and", "affective", "spheres", "became", "more", "evident", ".", "From", "the", "psychotherapeutic", "point", "of", "view", ",", "the", "individual", "approach", "focused", "on", "the", "reorganisation", "of", "the", "family", "subsystems", ",", "on", "achieving", "a", "reinterpretation", "of", "the", "betrayal", "he", "felt", "in", "adolescence", ",", "on", "reinstating", "the", "figure", "of", "the", "father", "and", "on", "investing", "the", "mother", "with", "some", "authority", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "return", "to", "academic", "training", "and", "the", "establishment", "of", "daily", "routines", "that", "would", "allow", "him", "to", "reorganise", "his", "day-to-day", "life", "in", "a", "more", "adaptive", "way", "were", "also", "supported", "with", "a", "view", "to", "his", "discharge", ".", "Group", "intervention", "was", "also", "carried", "out", "using", "the", "different", "approaches", "that", "form", "part", "of", "the", "therapeutic", "programme", "of", "the", "device", ":", "psychoeducation", ",", "relapse", "prevention", ",", "self-control", "of", "anxiety", ",", "training", "in", "social", "skills", "or", "problem", "solving", ",", "occupational", "therapy", "workshops", ",", "socio-cultural", "animation", "and", "free", "time", "management", ".", "Also", "as", "part", "of", "the", "programme", "and", "in", "order", "to", "carry", "out", "a", "progressive", "return", "to", "the", "usual", "environment", ",", "weekly", "outings", "were", "made", "from", "the", "centre", "together", "with", "the", "family", "members", "of", "reference", ",", "which", "passed", "without", "significant", "incidents", ",", "with", "negative", "toxicological", "controls", "for", "any", "substance", "of", "abuse", ".", "At", "discharge", "the", "patient", "was", "asymptomatic", "and", "with", "coherent", "plans", "for", "the", "future", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "The", "differential", "diagnosis", "made", "during", "his", "stay", "at", "the", "device", "was", "aimed", "at", "ruling", "out", "or", "confirming", "a", "possible", "first", "outbreak", "of", "Schizophrenia", "or", ",", "alternatively", ",", "an", "episode", "of", "Toxic", "Psychosis", "secondary", "to", "the", "continued", "consumption", "of", "significant", "amounts", "of", "cannabis", ".", "The", "picture", "of", "personal", "impairment", "or", "deficit", "that", "emerged", "before", "the", "consolidation", "of", "the", "skills", "necessary", "for", "maturation", "as", "an", "individual", "was", "completed", "could", "have", "been", "considered", "as", "premorbid", "personality", "and", "adjustment", "of", "a", "schizophrenic-type", "syndrome", "if", "it", "had", "not", "been", "shown", "to", "be", "reversible", "with", "abstinence", ".", "The", "aforementioned", "\"", "deficiency", "\"", "state", "could", "then", "be", "attributed", "to", "the", "well-known", "Amotivational", "Syndrome", "associated", "with", "chronic", "cannabis", "use", ".", "Therefore", ",", "the", "diagnosis", "issued", "on", "discharge", "was", "(", "according", "to", "ICD-10", "criteria", ")", ":", "Mental", "and", "behavioural", "disorders", "due", "to", "cannabis", "use", "(", "dependence", ")", ":", "F", "12", ".", "2", "Mental", "and", "behavioural", "disorders", "due", "to", "cocaine", "use", "(", "abuse", ")", ":", "F", "14", ".", "1", "Probable", "Toxic", "Psychosis", ",", "with", "symptomatology", "in", "remission", "at", "discharge", ":", "F", "19", ".", "5", "Discharge", "from", "this", "device", "was", "coordinated", "with", "his", "therapeutic", "team", "from", "the", "referring", "Drug", "Dependency", "Care", "Centre", "and", "with", "his", "Mental", "Health", "Centre", "of", "reference", "to", "ensure", "continuation", "of", "the", "clinical", "follow-up", "both", "in", "the", "area", "of", "consumption", "and", "psychopathology", ".", "As", "pharmacological", "treatment", ",", "maintenance", "was", "indicated", "with", "1", "cp", "of", "escitalopram", "20", "mg", "daily", "administered", "with", "breakfast", "." ]
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en
A 10-year-old girl with severe atopic dermatitis since the age of 2 months. From the age of 6 months she presented repeated mucocutaneous candidiasis, suppurating otitis media, disseminated molluscum contagiosum and multiple food allergy with anaphylaxis. At 10 years of age, genital warts (human papilloma virus 6) appeared. Laboratory tests showed progressive elevation of IgE (maximum: 5724KUI/l) and CD4 lymphopenia. Genetic study revealed a PGM3 defect (OMIM 172100), with a compound heterozygous mutation. For severe atopic dermatitis with recurrent superinfections, therapeutic trials with oral Cyclosporine, Methotrexate and Mycophenolate-mofetil are performed and should be discontinued due to worsening immunodeficiency and partial response of the dermatitis. During the compassionate use of Dupulimab, and given the severity of the skin condition, Omalizumab was started. With the first dose, she developed anaphylaxis 3.5 hours after administration. Currently on treatment with Dupilumab, well tolerated.
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en
We present the case of a 43-year-old male, with no known drug allergies or medical or surgical history of interest, with an abdominal gunshot wound (pistol with 9 mm parabellum projectile). The patient was admitted to the emergency department in haemodynamically stable condition, with severe abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed the bullet entry wound in the left iliac fossa and exit through the left buttock, with abdominal pain and signs of peritoneal irritation mainly in the hypogastrium and left iliac fossa. No involvement of the external genitalia or urethrorrhagia was observed. After urethro-vesical catheterisation, intense macroscopic haematuria was observed. The only notable finding in the admission analysis was anaemia (Hb: 9.2 g/dl), with the rest of the biochemical parameters, blood count and coagulation being normal. Given the patient's haemodynamic stability, it was decided to complete the study by means of imaging tests prior to surgery. Given the theoretical trajectory of the projectile (once the entry and exit orifices were known), with the suspicion of bladder injury by firearm and given the possible involvement of other organs, it was decided to perform abdominal-pelvic CT and CT-cystography (by gravity bladder repletion with 300 cc of diluted contrast material). - Abdominal-pelvic CT and cystographic CT: extraperitoneal, left lateral-postero-lateral bladder rupture, with extravasation of contrast after filling. Minimal dilatation of the left collecting system. Entry wound in the left iliac fossa with areas of haemorrhage in the mesosigm, left lateral vesical side, left seminal vesicle and left perirectal and ischiorectal areas. With these findings, exploratory laparotomy was decided. With the patient in the supine decubitus position, a supra-infraumbilical midline laparotomy was performed. Initially, a small perforation in the mesosigm was repaired without affecting the sigmoid loop and a minimal lesion was repaired at the level of the left primitive iliac vein, subsequently verifying the indemnity of the rest of the iliac arterial and venous axis. An anterior longitudinal median cystotomy was then performed and a double bladder perforation was observed, corresponding to the entrance (4 cm in the bottom of the bladder) and exit (1-2 cm, in the left retromeatic region) of the projectile. After exploring the indemnity of the left distal ureter with a 5F ureteral catheter, it was found that the intramural portion was completely disinserted and that the projectile had also severed the left vas deferens. It was decided to suture the double bladder perforation in two planes, after debridement of the devitalised edges, and to perform ureteral reimplantation with a transvesical technique and double J catheter (26 cm/6 F) in the posterior wall, after distal ureteral release and section of the damaged end. After closure, also in a double plane, of the anterior longitudinal cystotomy, a urethro-vesical catheter and double closed suction drainage were left: one intraperitoneal and the other extraperitoneal, separated from the bladder suture line. Intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotherapy was prescribed: Ceftriaxone 2 grams every 24 hours and Metronidazole 1.5 grams every 24 hours, and the initial postoperative period was favourable. On the 5th day the patient presented deterioration of the general condition, hypotension, fever and leukocytosis with marked left deviation (31% of the keys). Empirical antibiotic therapy was replaced, pending the results of the blood cultures, with Imipenem 500 milligrams every 6 hours intravenously, and the patient improved significantly both clinically and analytically. In the blood cultures, an E. coli producing extended-spectrum b-lactamase, sensitive to Imipenem, grew. A new abdominal-pelvic CT scan was performed, which only showed post-surgical changes, ruling out the existence of liquid collections that could have caused the septic condition. The rest of the postoperative period was uneventful, with initial removal of both drains and, on the 10th day, the urethro-vesical catheter. Finally, the patient was discharged after completing 10 days of intravenous antibiotherapy. Ciprofloxacin 250 milligrams every 12 hours orally, according to the previous antibiogram, was substituted until the JJ catheter was removed. One month after the operation, the patient returned to our department for urethro-cystoscopy and removal of the JJ catheter. It was observed that the double bladder wound was completely healed, with the suture of the mucosal plane almost completely reabsorbed. The JJ catheter that was tutoring the ureteroneocystostomy is removed endoscopically without any problems. Currently, three months after the operation, the patient is urologically asymptomatic.
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"diluted", "contrast", "material", ")", ".", "-", "Abdominal-pelvic", "CT", "and", "cystographic", "CT", ":", "extraperitoneal", ",", "left", "lateral-postero-lateral", "bladder", "rupture", ",", "with", "extravasation", "of", "contrast", "after", "filling", ".", "Minimal", "dilatation", "of", "the", "left", "collecting", "system", ".", "Entry", "wound", "in", "the", "left", "iliac", "fossa", "with", "areas", "of", "haemorrhage", "in", "the", "mesosigm", ",", "left", "lateral", "vesical", "side", ",", "left", "seminal", "vesicle", "and", "left", "perirectal", "and", "ischiorectal", "areas", ".", "With", "these", "findings", ",", "exploratory", "laparotomy", "was", "decided", ".", "With", "the", "patient", "in", "the", "supine", "decubitus", "position", ",", "a", "supra-infraumbilical", "midline", "laparotomy", "was", "performed", ".", "Initially", ",", "a", "small", "perforation", "in", "the", "mesosigm", "was", "repaired", "without", "affecting", "the", "sigmoid", "loop", "and", "a", "minimal", "lesion", "was", "repaired", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "left", "primitive", "iliac", "vein", ",", "subsequently", "verifying", "the", "indemnity", "of", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "iliac", "arterial", "and", "venous", "axis", ".", "An", "anterior", "longitudinal", "median", "cystotomy", "was", "then", "performed", "and", "a", "double", "bladder", "perforation", "was", "observed", ",", "corresponding", "to", "the", "entrance", "(", "4", "cm", "in", "the", "bottom", "of", "the", "bladder", ")", "and", "exit", "(", "1-2", "cm", ",", "in", "the", "left", "retromeatic", "region", ")", "of", "the", "projectile", ".", "After", "exploring", "the", "indemnity", "of", "the", "left", "distal", "ureter", "with", "a", "5F", "ureteral", "catheter", ",", "it", "was", "found", "that", "the", "intramural", "portion", "was", "completely", "disinserted", "and", "that", "the", "projectile", "had", "also", "severed", "the", "left", "vas", "deferens", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "to", "suture", "the", "double", "bladder", "perforation", "in", "two", "planes", ",", "after", "debridement", "of", "the", "devitalised", "edges", ",", "and", "to", "perform", "ureteral", "reimplantation", "with", "a", "transvesical", "technique", "and", "double", "J", "catheter", "(", "26", "cm", "/", "6", "F", ")", "in", "the", "posterior", "wall", ",", "after", "distal", "ureteral", "release", "and", "section", "of", "the", "damaged", "end", ".", "After", "closure", ",", "also", "in", "a", "double", "plane", ",", "of", "the", "anterior", "longitudinal", "cystotomy", ",", "a", "urethro-vesical", "catheter", "and", "double", "closed", "suction", "drainage", "were", "left", ":", "one", "intraperitoneal", "and", "the", "other", "extraperitoneal", ",", "separated", "from", "the", "bladder", "suture", "line", ".", "Intravenous", "broad-spectrum", "antibiotherapy", "was", "prescribed", ":", "Ceftriaxone", "2", "grams", "every", "24", "hours", "and", "Metronidazole", "1", ".", "5", "grams", "every", "24", "hours", ",", "and", "the", "initial", "postoperative", "period", "was", "favourable", ".", "On", "the", "5th", "day", "the", "patient", "presented", "deterioration", "of", "the", "general", "condition", ",", "hypotension", ",", "fever", "and", "leukocytosis", "with", "marked", "left", "deviation", "(", "31", "%", "of", "the", "keys", ")", ".", "Empirical", "antibiotic", "therapy", "was", "replaced", ",", "pending", "the", "results", "of", "the", "blood", "cultures", ",", "with", "Imipenem", "500", "milligrams", "every", "6", "hours", "intravenously", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "improved", "significantly", "both", "clinically", "and", "analytically", ".", "In", "the", "blood", "cultures", ",", "an", "E", ".", "coli", "producing", "extended-spectrum", "b-lactamase", ",", "sensitive", "to", "Imipenem", ",", "grew", ".", "A", "new", "abdominal-pelvic", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "only", "showed", "post-surgical", "changes", ",", "ruling", "out", "the", "existence", "of", "liquid", "collections", "that", "could", "have", "caused", "the", "septic", "condition", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "postoperative", "period", "was", "uneventful", ",", "with", "initial", "removal", "of", "both", "drains", "and", ",", "on", "the", "10th", "day", ",", "the", "urethro-vesical", "catheter", ".", "Finally", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "after", "completing", "10", "days", "of", "intravenous", "antibiotherapy", ".", "Ciprofloxacin", "250", "milligrams", "every", "12", "hours", "orally", ",", "according", "to", "the", "previous", "antibiogram", ",", "was", "substituted", "until", "the", "JJ", "catheter", "was", "removed", ".", "One", "month", "after", "the", "operation", ",", "the", "patient", "returned", "to", "our", "department", "for", "urethro-cystoscopy", "and", "removal", "of", "the", "JJ", "catheter", ".", "It", "was", "observed", "that", "the", "double", "bladder", "wound", "was", "completely", "healed", ",", "with", "the", "suture", "of", "the", "mucosal", "plane", "almost", "completely", "reabsorbed", ".", "The", "JJ", "catheter", "that", "was", "tutoring", "the", "ureteroneocystostomy", "is", "removed", "endoscopically", "without", "any", "problems", ".", "Currently", ",", "three", "months", "after", "the", "operation", ",", "the", "patient", "is", "urologically", "asymptomatic", "." ]
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en
An 88 year old woman with a history of allergy to penicillins, arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia and ischaemic heart disease attended the emergency department due to deterioration in general condition and micturition syndrome. Complementary tests showed a significant elevation of acute phase reactants and pathological urinalysis suggestive of urinary tract infection (UTI) and she was admitted to the Internal Medicine ward with a diagnosis of sepsis of urinary origin (SOFA 5), starting empirical antibiotherapy with aztreonam. Despite antibiotherapy, the patient persisted with poor general condition, fever and significant abdominal pain. Other possible causes of infection were considered, either due to resistant microorganisms or other sources of infection. On auscultation on the ward, he presented with a previously undescribed systolic murmur and Microbiology was notified due to growth in blood cultures (3/3) of gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. For this reason a CT scan of the abdomen was requested which ruled out urgent intra-abdominal pathology and antibiotherapy with metronidazole was started, with good subsequent evolution. In view of the suspicion of possible infective endocarditis (IE), despite the infrequent occurrence of these due to anaerobes, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, which revealed a probable mitral wart that was confirmed in the transesophageal echocardiogram (20x7mm). Finally, the microorganism was identified as Bacteroides caccae sensitive to metronidazole. According to the new European guidelines, in patients with possible IE on native valve, an active search for embolic phenomena is recommended, and a PET-CT scan was performed which identified pathological uptake at the level of the mitral valve compatible with IE. A few days after the PET-CT scan and 25 days after admission, the patient presented chest pain with typical characteristics together with ST-segment elevation in the inferior face, so a coronary angiography was performed which showed embolic content in the right coronary artery (balloon angioplasty + stent with good angiographic results). A few hours later, a transesophageal echocardiogram was performed which showed the absence of a mitral wart. Both the previous PET-CT scan and the absence of post-coronary event wart make the diagnosis of coronary embolic phenomenon in the heart of an anaerobic IE (Bacteroides caccae) probable, both entities being rare according to the latest series in the literature.
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en
Patient aged 61 years; no known drug allergies, smoker of 63 packs/year, significant active alcoholism, recently diagnosed hypertension. He came to the emergency department approximately 4 days ago with a frontal headache coinciding with a diagnosis of hypertension, for which he was started on antihypertensive treatment. The family reported that they found him "slower" accompanied by behavioural alterations; with no other accompanying symptoms. Physical examination: Glasgow Glasgow 15; neurological examination without focality except for bradypsychia and disorientation in time, person and space. Afebrile. BP: 159/92; heart rate 70 and O2 Sat: 93%; abdominal examination revealed hepatomegaly of two finger widths with no other noteworthy findings. CBC: Hb 14.8; Ht 41.5; leukocytes 10,100; platelets 367,000; normal coagulation; SODIUM 112; K+ 3.9; Cl- 78; glucose 116; urea 33; creatinine 0.3; tumour markers with alpha-fetoprotein 2.3; carcinoembryonic antigen 3.1; Ca 125 14.8; CA 19.9 27.9; Legionella antigen and pneumococcus in urine negative. Thyroid hormones within normal limits. Complementary tests: CT scan of the brain with no significant findings. Thoracic-abdomino-pelvic CT: pseudonodular lesions in lung parenchyma, mostly in LII, not ruling out neoplasia, with mediastinal lymph node involvement, especially at right hilar and subcarinal level. Multiple focal hepatic lesions, compatible with metastasis. Bronchoscopy with infiltration of neoplastic aspect from the entrance of the left upper lobe, thickening of the carina. Development: Clinical judgement: this is a patient with hyponatraemia with low plasma osmorality and probable pulmonary neoplasia in the context of a probable SIADH. Differential diagnosis: hyponatraemia is the most common water and electrolyte disorder. The differential diagnosis must take into account high, normal or low osmorality. The latter is where true hyponatraemia is most frequently found in clinical practice. Hypothyroidism and SIADH are typical.
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en
Anamnesis 68-year-old woman, ex-smoker for more than 30 years. In 2007 she underwent conservative surgery for infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast stage IA (pT1cN0), triple negative. She received adjuvant chemotherapy (6 cycles of CMF) and radiotherapy. In September 2018, she was referred to Internal Medicine after self-palpation of a nodule in the right supraclavicular region. Breast ultrasound and mammography showed right axillary lymphadenopathy and blood tests showed elevated CA 15.3. After an axillary biopsy confirmed carcinoma, a CT scan was performed, which only showed right axillary lymphadenopathy and bone scintigraphy (GGO), which only described hypercaptation in the left sacroiliac joint, which was not clearly pathological. In January 2019, a right axillary lymphadenectomy was performed, the result of which was metastasis of high-grade carcinoma with capsular overlap in six nodes (6/9). Immunohistochemistry showed intense positivity for oestrogen and progesterone receptor (80% and 50% respectively), Ki 67 proliferative index of 50-55% and negative HER-2. Before being assessed at the oncology clinic, she was admitted in February 2019 for holocranial headache, eyelid ptosis and diplopia as well as polydipsia, nocturia and polyuria of one week's duration. Physical examination Good general condition. In the neurological examination, palpebral ptosis, mydriasis, external ocular deviation and abolition of the photomotor reflex in the left eye were observed; the rest, no findings. Complementary tests Brain MRI showed a pituitary mass measuring 10 x 13 x 12 mm, which expanded and slightly occupied the sella turcica with cranial growth and thickening of the pituitary stalk, without affecting the optic chiasm, with moderate homogeneous enhancement after contrast. Hormonal study: hyperprolactinaemia, hypothyroidism, hypercortisolism and antidiuretic hormone deficiency. A new CT scan was requested, which revealed a sclerotic lesion on the iliac border of the left sacroiliac joint, followed by pelvic MRI to study the lesion, which was defined as a suspected sclerotic metastasis. Given the discrepancy between the phenotype of the carcinoma operated on in 2007 and the phenotype of the axillary lymphadenopathies, breast MRI was requested in search of a metachronous tumour, ruling out a second neoplasm. Diagnosis On the one hand, the diagnosis of a luminal occult breast tumour (TxN2M1) or relapse of triple negative with a different phenotype to the one presented in 2007 with doubts of a single bone metastasis. On the other hand, she presented hypopituitarism secondary to a selar lesion, which raises the differential diagnosis of breast carcinoma metastasis, infundibulohypophysitis or pituitary macroadenoma causing diabetes insipidus, mild hyperprolactinaemia and paralysis of the third cranial nerve. With a view to possible local treatment of the brain lesion and confirmatory study of the bone lesion (as it would be a single metastatic focus), it was decided to request a PET scan. This detected discrete uptake in the pituitary gland and a left sacroiliac bone lesion with a low rate of cell proliferation. It was therefore of no use in clarifying the nature of the lesions. Treatment It was decided to consult neurosurgery and, finally, to avoid local treatment of the pituitary lesion, given the complications it would entail, and systemic treatment of two pathologies was started: "Given the radiological evolution of the bone lesion and the increase in tumour markers, she starts treatment in March 2019 for advanced carcinoma with letrozole 2.5 mg/24 h and ribociclib 600 mg/24 h for 21/28 days. "Given the pituitary insufficiency, she started treatment with dexamethasone 4 mg/8 h, levothyroxine 25 mg/24 h and desmopressin 120 mcg/12 h sublingual, as indicated by Endocrinology. Evolution After the first course of treatment, the patient was admitted for an episode of G3 mucositis and oral thrush. She presented slow and torpid evolution of oropharyngeal lesions, with aphthous ulcers requiring local and systemic antifungal treatment (fluconazole 200 mg intravenous). Oral endoscopy ruled out complications. He presented haematological toxicity: G3 anaemia with transfusion requirement, G3 neutropenia and G2 thrombopenia. Liver function parameters were normal. In addition, the patient suffered a bilateral pneumococcal bronchopneumonia with bronchoscopy without isolation of other pathogens, also corroborated by normal serology and cytology. Simultaneously, she developed a pneumonia on the third finger of the left hand with isolation of penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pyogenes, with good response to intravenous ceftriaxone, also adding prophylactic sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim due to the use of corticosteroids. Subsequently, she presented with swelling, redness and oedema in the right lower limb, suggestive of cellulitis. Venous Doppler ultrasound ruled out thrombosis. The patient improved clinically after a course of intravenous antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Prior to discharge, a new GGO was performed which continued to show a focus of hypercaptation in the left sacroiliac joint which had increased in size and intensity with respect to the previous scan, suggestive of bone metastasis. After discharge from hospital, it was decided to discontinue ribociclib due to the adverse events experienced and to maintain letrozole. Three months after treatment, brain MRI showed adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis of normal size and morphology, with no evidence of compression or displacement of the pituitary stalk, with normal enhancement after contrast. Clinically, she is asymptomatic (without neurological deficit or endocrine symptoms) and with CEA 15.3 levels decreasing (100 U/ml at the beginning and 40 U/ml at present).
[ "Anamnesis", "68-year-old", "woman", ",", "ex-smoker", "for", "more", "than", "30", "years", ".", "In", "2007", "she", "underwent", "conservative", "surgery", "for", "infiltrating", "ductal", "carcinoma", "of", "the", "right", "breast", "stage", "IA", "(", "pT1cN0", ")", ",", "triple", "negative", ".", "She", "received", "adjuvant", "chemotherapy", "(", "6", "cycles", "of", "CMF", ")", "and", "radiotherapy", ".", "In", "September", "2018", ",", "she", "was", "referred", "to", "Internal", "Medicine", "after", "self-palpation", "of", "a", "nodule", "in", "the", "right", "supraclavicular", "region", ".", "Breast", "ultrasound", "and", "mammography", "showed", "right", "axillary", "lymphadenopathy", "and", "blood", "tests", "showed", "elevated", "CA", "15", ".", "3", ".", "After", "an", "axillary", "biopsy", "confirmed", "carcinoma", ",", "a", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "only", "showed", "right", "axillary", "lymphadenopathy", "and", "bone", "scintigraphy", "(", "GGO", ")", ",", "which", "only", "described", "hypercaptation", "in", "the", "left", "sacroiliac", "joint", ",", "which", "was", "not", "clearly", "pathological", ".", "In", "January", "2019", ",", "a", "right", "axillary", "lymphadenectomy", "was", "performed", ",", "the", "result", "of", "which", "was", "metastasis", "of", "high-grade", "carcinoma", "with", "capsular", "overlap", "in", "six", "nodes", "(", "6", "/", "9", ")", ".", "Immunohistochemistry", "showed", "intense", "positivity", "for", "oestrogen", "and", "progesterone", "receptor", "(", "80", "%", "and", "50", "%", "respectively", ")", ",", "Ki", "67", "proliferative", "index", "of", "50-55", "%", "and", "negative", "HER-2", ".", "Before", "being", "assessed", "at", "the", "oncology", "clinic", ",", "she", "was", "admitted", "in", "February", "2019", "for", "holocranial", "headache", ",", "eyelid", "ptosis", "and", "diplopia", "as", "well", "as", "polydipsia", ",", "nocturia", "and", "polyuria", "of", "one", "week", "'", "s", "duration", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Good", "general", "condition", ".", "In", "the", "neurological", "examination", ",", "palpebral", "ptosis", ",", "mydriasis", ",", "external", "ocular", "deviation", "and", "abolition", "of", "the", "photomotor", "reflex", "in", "the", "left", "eye", "were", "observed", ";", "the", "rest", ",", "no", "findings", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "Brain", "MRI", "showed", "a", "pituitary", "mass", "measuring", "10", "x", "13", "x", "12", "mm", ",", "which", "expanded", "and", "slightly", "occupied", "the", "sella", "turcica", "with", "cranial", "growth", "and", "thickening", "of", "the", "pituitary", "stalk", ",", "without", "affecting", "the", "optic", "chiasm", ",", "with", "moderate", "homogeneous", "enhancement", "after", "contrast", ".", "Hormonal", "study", ":", "hyperprolactinaemia", ",", "hypothyroidism", ",", "hypercortisolism", "and", "antidiuretic", "hormone", "deficiency", ".", "A", "new", "CT", "scan", "was", "requested", ",", "which", "revealed", "a", "sclerotic", "lesion", "on", "the", "iliac", "border", "of", "the", "left", "sacroiliac", "joint", ",", "followed", "by", "pelvic", "MRI", "to", "study", "the", "lesion", ",", "which", "was", "defined", "as", "a", "suspected", "sclerotic", "metastasis", ".", "Given", "the", "discrepancy", "between", "the", "phenotype", "of", "the", "carcinoma", "operated", "on", "in", "2007", "and", "the", "phenotype", "of", "the", "axillary", "lymphadenopathies", ",", "breast", "MRI", "was", "requested", "in", "search", "of", "a", "metachronous", "tumour", ",", "ruling", "out", "a", "second", "neoplasm", ".", "Diagnosis", "On", "the", "one", "hand", ",", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "a", "luminal", "occult", "breast", "tumour", "(", "TxN2M1", ")", "or", "relapse", "of", "triple", "negative", "with", "a", "different", "phenotype", "to", "the", "one", "presented", "in", "2007", "with", "doubts", "of", "a", "single", "bone", "metastasis", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "she", "presented", "hypopituitarism", "secondary", "to", "a", "selar", "lesion", ",", "which", "raises", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "of", "breast", "carcinoma", "metastasis", ",", "infundibulohypophysitis", "or", "pituitary", "macroadenoma", "causing", "diabetes", "insipidus", ",", "mild", "hyperprolactinaemia", "and", "paralysis", "of", "the", "third", "cranial", "nerve", ".", "With", "a", "view", "to", "possible", "local", "treatment", "of", "the", "brain", "lesion", "and", "confirmatory", "study", "of", "the", "bone", "lesion", "(", "as", "it", "would", "be", "a", "single", "metastatic", "focus", ")", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "request", "a", "PET", "scan", ".", "This", "detected", "discrete", "uptake", "in", "the", "pituitary", "gland", "and", "a", "left", "sacroiliac", "bone", "lesion", "with", "a", "low", "rate", "of", "cell", "proliferation", ".", "It", "was", "therefore", "of", "no", "use", "in", "clarifying", "the", "nature", "of", "the", "lesions", ".", "Treatment", "It", "was", "decided", "to", "consult", "neurosurgery", "and", ",", "finally", ",", "to", "avoid", "local", "treatment", "of", "the", "pituitary", "lesion", ",", "given", "the", "complications", "it", "would", "entail", ",", "and", "systemic", "treatment", "of", "two", "pathologies", "was", "started", ":", "\"", "Given", "the", "radiological", "evolution", "of", "the", "bone", "lesion", "and", "the", "increase", "in", "tumour", "markers", ",", "she", "starts", "treatment", "in", "March", "2019", "for", "advanced", "carcinoma", "with", "letrozole", "2", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "24", "h", "and", "ribociclib", "600", "mg", "/", "24", "h", "for", "21", "/", "28", "days", ".", "\"", "Given", "the", "pituitary", "insufficiency", ",", "she", "started", "treatment", "with", "dexamethasone", "4", "mg", "/", "8", "h", ",", "levothyroxine", "25", "mg", "/", "24", "h", "and", "desmopressin", "120", "mcg", "/", "12", "h", "sublingual", ",", "as", "indicated", "by", "Endocrinology", ".", "Evolution", "After", "the", "first", "course", "of", "treatment", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "admitted", "for", "an", "episode", "of", "G3", "mucositis", "and", "oral", "thrush", ".", "She", "presented", "slow", "and", "torpid", "evolution", "of", "oropharyngeal", "lesions", ",", "with", "aphthous", "ulcers", "requiring", "local", "and", "systemic", "antifungal", "treatment", "(", "fluconazole", "200", "mg", "intravenous", ")", ".", "Oral", "endoscopy", "ruled", "out", "complications", ".", "He", "presented", "haematological", "toxicity", ":", "G3", "anaemia", "with", "transfusion", "requirement", ",", "G3", "neutropenia", "and", "G2", "thrombopenia", ".", "Liver", "function", "parameters", "were", "normal", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "the", "patient", "suffered", "a", "bilateral", "pneumococcal", "bronchopneumonia", "with", "bronchoscopy", "without", "isolation", "of", "other", "pathogens", ",", "also", "corroborated", "by", "normal", "serology", "and", "cytology", ".", "Simultaneously", ",", "she", "developed", "a", "pneumonia", "on", "the", "third", "finger", "of", "the", "left", "hand", "with", "isolation", "of", "penicillin-sensitive", "Streptococcus", "pyogenes", ",", "with", "good", "response", "to", "intravenous", "ceftriaxone", ",", "also", "adding", "prophylactic", "sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim", "due", "to", "the", "use", "of", "corticosteroids", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "she", "presented", "with", "swelling", ",", "redness", "and", "oedema", "in", "the", "right", "lower", "limb", ",", "suggestive", "of", "cellulitis", ".", "Venous", "Doppler", "ultrasound", "ruled", "out", "thrombosis", ".", "The", "patient", "improved", "clinically", "after", "a", "course", "of", "intravenous", "antibiotic", "therapy", "with", "amoxicillin-clavulanic", "acid", ".", "Prior", "to", "discharge", ",", "a", "new", "GGO", "was", "performed", "which", "continued", "to", "show", "a", "focus", "of", "hypercaptation", "in", "the", "left", "sacroiliac", "joint", "which", "had", "increased", "in", "size", "and", "intensity", "with", "respect", "to", "the", "previous", "scan", ",", "suggestive", "of", "bone", "metastasis", ".", "After", "discharge", "from", "hospital", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "discontinue", "ribociclib", "due", "to", "the", "adverse", "events", "experienced", "and", "to", "maintain", "letrozole", ".", "Three", "months", "after", "treatment", ",", "brain", "MRI", "showed", "adenohypophysis", "and", "neurohypophysis", "of", "normal", "size", "and", "morphology", ",", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "compression", "or", "displacement", "of", "the", "pituitary", "stalk", ",", "with", "normal", "enhancement", "after", "contrast", ".", "Clinically", ",", "she", "is", "asymptomatic", "(", "without", "neurological", "deficit", "or", "endocrine", "symptoms", ")", "and", "with", "CEA", "15", ".", "3", "levels", "decreasing", "(", "100", "U", "/", "ml", "at", "the", "beginning", "and", "40", "U", "/", "ml", "at", "present", ")", 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en
Reason for consultation Syncopal episodes. Individual approach Anamnesis: Family history: no history of interest. Personal history: NAMC. No CVRF. Meningitis at 18 years of age. Thalassaemia minor. IQ: appendectomy. A 51-year-old man attended primary care for two episodes of loss of consciousness. The first was preceded by sweating and dizziness without turning objects. He had no memory of its duration. No loss of sphincter control or abnormal movements, but vomiting. No headache or signs of subsequent confusion, although the wife reported facial flushing. He went to the hospital emergency room and was discharged with a diagnosis of vasovagal syncope. Two months later, the same symptoms occurred, preceded by general malaise, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. On this second occasion, he was assessed by his primary care physician who, suspecting probable anaphylaxis, sent him to an allergy clinic for assessment. The patient only related both symptoms to orange juice. He previously reported lip oedema and oral pruritus when he ate seafood and oedema if he accompanied this intake with exercise. Examination: Good general condition. Conscious and oriented. Not hydrated, normohydrated, normal colour and eupneic at rest. Constitution type pneumonia. Temperature at consultation: 36.4o. HR: 74 bpm. HR: 14rpm. Sat 02: 98%. Cardiorespiratory auscultation: rhythmic and strong tones without murmurs or extratonos. Vesicular murmur preserved with good bilateral air entry. Abdomen: disseminated papular lesions with brown pigmentation predominating in the abdomen. Dermography: negative. Hepatomegaly of 2 finger widths. Splenomegaly of 1 finger span painful on palpation. Neurological examination was normal, no focality. Cranial nerves preserved. Pupils isochoric and normoreactive. No loss of strength or sensation in the extremities. No dyskinesia. Dysmetria in the right hand. Complementary tests: EKG: Sinus rhythm at 74 bpm. Short PR. Narrow QRS. No data of repolarisation alterations. Chest X-ray normal. Cranial CT scan: no alterations. Skin tests: - Inhalant allergens: Positive to alternaria fungi, aspergillus, cat epithelium, D. pteronyssinus mite, dog epithelium and grass, olive and cypress pollens. - Allergens of animal origin: Positive for shrimp. - Allergens of plant origin: negative. - CBC, biochemistry, ESR, PCR, TSH. Proteinogram, antithyroid antibodies, serum immunoglobulins, echinococcus serology and complement without alterations. - Tryptase, total IgE normal and specific to latex, shrimp and anisakis negative. - Controlled exposure test with lidocaine without immediate or delayed hypersensitivity. - Normal abdominal CT scan. -Bone marrow aspirate (cytology): Haematopoiesis well presented. Although there are no major criteria for mastocytosis, the rate of mast cells is higher than normal, mostly pathological in appearance. -Bone marrow biopsy: Mast cell hyperplasia. Absence of mastocytic clusters diagnostic of systemic mastocytosis. Rest of bone marrow without histological alterations. - Skin biopsy: the c-kit IHC technique was positive for mast cells, corroborating the increased number of mast cells. Family and community approach The patient is a computer engineer and lives with his wife and daughter in the same residence. No animals. It is a nuclear family with close relatives. Family Apgar score of 10 (normo-functioning family). According to the WHO family classification model he would be placed in stage III or full extension (birth of all children without emancipation). Clinical judgement Mild or indolent systemic mastocytosis. Anaphylaxis. Shellfish allergy. Urticaria pigmentosa. Evolution Symptomatic improvement in symptoms and skin lesions after systemic and topical treatment with disodium cromoglycate, but two years after diagnosis, a high risk of fracture and high levels of tryptase were observed in the control bone densitometry, so that, with all the evaluation, treatment with interferon was started and maintained for 7 years intermittently until now that it has been suspended and the symptoms have stabilised together with the levels of tryptase (whose elevation represents an aggressive attitude of mastocytosis). The patient is closely monitored by the allergology department (every 4-5 months) and by the gastrointestinal department due to the dyspepsia caused by the gastric hypersecretion of this pathology. Currently in good evolution and in a good state of mind.
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en
18-year-old male sportsman. He consulted for 7 days of lumbar pain and inner thigh pain with great functional impotence. The previous days he had a blistering lesion on his toe. No fever or trauma. On examination Ta38 ́4 with pain on palpation of the lumbar vertebral apophyses and lumbar paravertebral muscles. Laboratory tests showed 16000 leucocytes with 82% segmented, CRP 18, ESR 59. Lumbar MRI showed a right paravertebral intramuscular abscess with extension to the L3-L4 foramen and anterior epidural enhancement. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in blood cultures and culture of the abscess. She was treated with intravenous teicoplanin and cefazolin for 4 weeks and percutaneous drainage of the abscess was performed with subsequent resolution of the abscess.
[ "18-year-old", "male", "sportsman", ".", "He", "consulted", "for", "7", "days", "of", "lumbar", "pain", "and", "inner", "thigh", "pain", "with", "great", "functional", "impotence", ".", "The", "previous", "days", "he", "had", "a", "blistering", "lesion", "on", "his", "toe", ".", "No", "fever", "or", "trauma", ".", "On", "examination", "Ta38", "́", "4", "with", "pain", "on", "palpation", "of", "the", "lumbar", "vertebral", "apophyses", "and", "lumbar", "paravertebral", "muscles", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "16000", "leucocytes", "with", "82", "%", "segmented", ",", "CRP", "18", ",", "ESR", "59", ".", "Lumbar", "MRI", "showed", "a", "right", "paravertebral", "intramuscular", "abscess", "with", "extension", "to", "the", "L3-L4", "foramen", "and", "anterior", "epidural", "enhancement", ".", "Methicillin-sensitive", "Staphylococcus", "aureus", "was", "isolated", "in", "blood", "cultures", "and", "culture", "of", "the", "abscess", ".", "She", "was", "treated", "with", "intravenous", "teicoplanin", "and", "cefazolin", "for", "4", "weeks", "and", "percutaneous", "drainage", "of", "the", "abscess", "was", "performed", "with", "subsequent", "resolution", "of", "the", "abscess", "." ]
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en
BACKGROUND: 74-year-old woman. Hypertension. Rheumatic heart disease with predominantly mitral insufficiency. Mitral valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis Bjork no. 31 in 1976. 31 in 1976. Pacemaker implantation due to symptomatic slow atrial fibrillation in 1996 with last generator replacement in 2015, presenting on that occasion with spontaneously draining bursa haematoma with negative blood cultures and normal TTE, which was covered empirically with ampicillin + intravenous gentamicin with good subsequent evolution. Chronic treatment: acenocoumarol according to scheme, olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide 20/12.5 mg c/24 hours, verapamil 120 mg c/24 hours, zolpidem 10 mg c/24 hours, formoterol/budesodin 160/4.5 mcg inh c/24 hours. CURRENT ILLNESS: She attended the emergency department on 10/3/2016 for general malaise, headache, arthomyalgia, anorexia, fever and weight loss of 2 weeks' evolution. She presented with initial suspicion of left upper lobe pneumonia and was prescribed empirical antibiotic treatment with levofloxacin, escalating to imipenem due to persistent febrile syndrome and general deterioration, as well as blood culture growth of Streptococcus gordinii. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Temperature 36 oC. Blood pressure 126/63 mmHg, heart rate 66 bpm, oxygen saturation 97% with nasal goggles at 2 l/min, RR 16 rpm. Conscious, oriented and cooperative. Good general condition. Eupneic at rest. Good distal perfusion, adequate hydric status. Cardiac auscultation: rhythmic heart sounds with prosthetic click without murmurs. Pulmonary auscultation: rhonchi, minimal crackles in the left base. Lower extremities: no oedema, no signs of deep vein thrombosis. COMPLEMENTARY TESTS ECG: ventricular rhythm stimulated by pacemaker at 60 bpm. THORAX X-RAY: condensation at the level of the left upper lobe. ANALYSIS: Haemogram: Hb 10 g/dl. Leukocytes 24,300 u/l (neutrophils 85%, lymphocytes 8%), platelets 201,000 u/l. Biochemistry: glucose 135 mg/dl. Urea 54 mg/dl. Creatinine 1.28 mg/dl. GFR 41 ml/min. Sodium 132 mmol/l. Potassium 4.4 mmol/l. C-reactive protein 211 mg/l. CPK 119 U/l. Troponin T 19 ng/l (normal). Coagulation: PT 16 s. INR 4.2. Fibrinogen 905 mg/dl. Blood gases: pH 7.47, pO2 68 mmHg, pCO2 29 mmHg, SatO2 97%. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE): endocarditis on mitral prosthetic valve. Bjork mechanical prosthesis in mitral position with no signs of dysfunction. In the posterior portion of the annulus (close to the atrial appendage) there is an anechoic cavity of pulsatile appearance of approximately 2.6 cm x 1.6 cm with images of greater density in its interior, suggesting an abscess in the clinical context of the patient. Left ventricle (LV) neither dilated nor hypertrophic LVEF 58%. Right ventricle (RV) not dilated, normal global contractility. Both atria moderately dilated. Normofunctioning aortic valve. Tricuspid normal, mild insufficiency. Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PSAP) 50 mmHg + 15-20 mmHg (severe pulmonary hypertension). Pericardium without effusion. Right pleural effusion. Inferior vena cava slightly dilated with respiratory variation present. Pacemaker electrode in right ventricle without apparent alterations. Chest PET-CT scan: hypermetabolism in the mitral region suggesting an infectious process, with no evidence of hypermetabolic foci in the path of the pacemaker lead. Uptake at the generator site (residual of recent replacement versus very low activity infection). Post-surgical changes in mitral valve with replacement by mechanical prosthesis. Collection with contrast in its interior of 28 x 17 x 15 mm depending on the anterior portion of the mitral annulus, suggestive of pseudoaneurysm. CLINICAL EVOLUTION Due to persistent febrile syndrome and positive cultures for multisensitive Streptococcus gordinii, it was decided to perform the aforementioned studies. TTE showed an image on the atrial side in the lateral region of the mitral annulus suggestive of an abscess compatible with the diagnosis of endocarditis on the prosthetic valve. This finding was corroborated by PET/CT, which showed a collection in the anterior portion of the mitral annulus suggestive of pseudoaneurysm with hypercaptation at this level. Urgent surgical intervention was decided in June 2016 and an open abscess was found towards the left atrium at the level of leaflets A1-P1. In addition, on examining the mechanical prosthesis, there was evidence of restriction of the movement of the disc due to pannus with calcified mitral annulus, as well as part of the atrial wall. The abscess was closed with two stitches and a Perimount Edwards No 27 biological mitral prosthesis was implanted, as well as a generator replacement due to minimal hypercaptation, as seen on PET-CT. During her stay in hospital she evolved favourably, de-escalating antibiotic treatment and prescribing benzylpenicillin, with negative blood cultures for control and prosthetic material. She was asymptomatic and progressed well in hospital, so it was decided to discharge her and continue outpatient follow-up, completing antibiotic treatment with amoxicillin for two months. DIAGNOSIS Infectious endocarditis due to multisensitive Streptococcus gordinii on mechanical mitral prosthesis complicated by mitral periannular abscess. Replacement of mechanical mitral prosthesis with Perimount Edwards No 27 mitral biological prosthesis. Replacement of pacemaker generator due to suspected pacemaker pocket infection.
[ "BACKGROUND", ":", "74-year-old", "woman", ".", "Hypertension", ".", "Rheumatic", "heart", "disease", "with", "predominantly", "mitral", "insufficiency", ".", "Mitral", "valve", "replacement", "with", "mechanical", "prosthesis", "Bjork", "no", ".", "31", "in", "1976", ".", "31", "in", "1976", ".", "Pacemaker", "implantation", "due", "to", "symptomatic", "slow", "atrial", "fibrillation", "in", "1996", "with", "last", "generator", "replacement", "in", "2015", ",", "presenting", "on", "that", "occasion", "with", "spontaneously", "draining", "bursa", "haematoma", "with", "negative", "blood", "cultures", "and", "normal", "TTE", ",", "which", "was", "covered", "empirically", "with", "ampicillin", "+", "intravenous", "gentamicin", "with", "good", "subsequent", "evolution", ".", "Chronic", "treatment", ":", "acenocoumarol", "according", "to", "scheme", ",", "olmesartan", "/", "hydrochlorothiazide", "20", "/", "12", ".", "5", "mg", "c", "/", "24", "hours", ",", "verapamil", "120", "mg", "c", "/", "24", "hours", ",", "zolpidem", "10", "mg", "c", "/", "24", "hours", ",", "formoterol", "/", "budesodin", "160", "/", "4", ".", "5", "mcg", "inh", "c", "/", "24", "hours", ".", "CURRENT", "ILLNESS", ":", "She", "attended", "the", "emergency", "department", "on", "10", "/", "3", "/", "2016", "for", "general", "malaise", ",", "headache", ",", "arthomyalgia", ",", "anorexia", ",", "fever", "and", "weight", "loss", "of", "2", "weeks", "'", "evolution", ".", "She", "presented", "with", "initial", "suspicion", "of", "left", "upper", "lobe", "pneumonia", "and", "was", "prescribed", "empirical", "antibiotic", "treatment", "with", "levofloxacin", ",", "escalating", "to", "imipenem", "due", "to", "persistent", "febrile", "syndrome", "and", "general", "deterioration", ",", "as", "well", "as", "blood", "culture", "growth", "of", "Streptococcus", "gordinii", ".", "PHYSICAL", "EXAMINATION", ":", "Temperature", "36", "oC", ".", "Blood", "pressure", "126", "/", "63", "mmHg", ",", "heart", "rate", "66", "bpm", ",", "oxygen", "saturation", "97", "%", "with", "nasal", "goggles", "at", "2", "l", "/", "min", ",", "RR", "16", "rpm", ".", "Conscious", ",", "oriented", "and", "cooperative", ".", "Good", "general", "condition", ".", "Eupneic", "at", "rest", ".", "Good", "distal", "perfusion", ",", "adequate", "hydric", "status", ".", "Cardiac", "auscultation", ":", "rhythmic", "heart", "sounds", "with", "prosthetic", "click", "without", "murmurs", ".", "Pulmonary", "auscultation", ":", "rhonchi", ",", "minimal", "crackles", "in", "the", "left", "base", ".", "Lower", "extremities", ":", "no", "oedema", ",", "no", "signs", "of", "deep", "vein", "thrombosis", ".", "COMPLEMENTARY", "TESTS", "ECG", ":", "ventricular", "rhythm", "stimulated", "by", "pacemaker", "at", "60", "bpm", ".", "THORAX", "X-RAY", ":", "condensation", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "left", "upper", "lobe", ".", "ANALYSIS", ":", "Haemogram", ":", "Hb", "10", "g", "/", "dl", ".", "Leukocytes", "24", ",", "300", "u", "/", "l", "(", "neutrophils", "85", "%", ",", "lymphocytes", "8", "%", ")", ",", "platelets", "201", ",", "000", "u", "/", "l", ".", "Biochemistry", ":", "glucose", "135", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Urea", "54", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Creatinine", "1", ".", "28", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "GFR", "41", "ml", "/", "min", ".", "Sodium", "132", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "Potassium", "4", ".", "4", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "C-reactive", "protein", "211", "mg", "/", "l", ".", "CPK", "119", "U", "/", "l", ".", "Troponin", "T", "19", "ng", "/", "l", "(", "normal", ")", ".", "Coagulation", ":", "PT", "16", "s", ".", "INR", "4", ".", "2", ".", "Fibrinogen", "905", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Blood", "gases", ":", "pH", "7", ".", "47", ",", "pO2", "68", "mmHg", ",", "pCO2", "29", "mmHg", ",", "SatO2", "97", "%", ".", "Transthoracic", "echocardiography", "(", "TTE", ")", "and", "transesophageal", "echocardiography", "(", "TEE", ")", ":", "endocarditis", "on", "mitral", "prosthetic", "valve", ".", "Bjork", "mechanical", "prosthesis", "in", "mitral", "position", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "dysfunction", ".", "In", "the", "posterior", "portion", "of", "the", "annulus", "(", "close", "to", "the", "atrial", "appendage", ")", "there", "is", "an", "anechoic", "cavity", "of", "pulsatile", "appearance", "of", "approximately", "2", ".", "6", "cm", "x", "1", ".", "6", "cm", "with", "images", "of", "greater", "density", "in", "its", "interior", ",", "suggesting", "an", "abscess", "in", "the", "clinical", "context", "of", "the", "patient", ".", "Left", "ventricle", "(", "LV", ")", "neither", "dilated", "nor", "hypertrophic", "LVEF", "58", "%", ".", "Right", "ventricle", "(", "RV", ")", "not", "dilated", ",", "normal", "global", "contractility", ".", "Both", "atria", "moderately", "dilated", ".", "Normofunctioning", "aortic", "valve", ".", "Tricuspid", "normal", ",", "mild", "insufficiency", ".", "Pulmonary", "arterial", "systolic", "pressure", "(", "PSAP", ")", "50", "mmHg", "+", "15-20", "mmHg", "(", "severe", "pulmonary", "hypertension", ")", ".", "Pericardium", "without", "effusion", ".", "Right", "pleural", "effusion", ".", "Inferior", "vena", "cava", "slightly", "dilated", "with", "respiratory", "variation", "present", ".", "Pacemaker", "electrode", "in", "right", "ventricle", "without", "apparent", "alterations", ".", "Chest", "PET-CT", "scan", ":", "hypermetabolism", "in", "the", "mitral", "region", "suggesting", "an", "infectious", "process", ",", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "hypermetabolic", "foci", "in", "the", "path", "of", "the", "pacemaker", "lead", ".", "Uptake", "at", "the", "generator", "site", "(", "residual", "of", "recent", "replacement", "versus", "very", "low", "activity", "infection", ")", ".", "Post-surgical", "changes", "in", "mitral", "valve", "with", "replacement", "by", "mechanical", "prosthesis", ".", "Collection", "with", "contrast", "in", "its", "interior", "of", "28", "x", "17", "x", "15", "mm", "depending", "on", "the", "anterior", "portion", "of", "the", "mitral", "annulus", ",", "suggestive", "of", "pseudoaneurysm", ".", "CLINICAL", "EVOLUTION", "Due", "to", "persistent", "febrile", "syndrome", "and", "positive", "cultures", "for", "multisensitive", "Streptococcus", "gordinii", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "the", "aforementioned", "studies", ".", "TTE", "showed", "an", "image", "on", "the", "atrial", "side", "in", "the", "lateral", "region", "of", "the", "mitral", "annulus", "suggestive", "of", "an", "abscess", "compatible", "with", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "endocarditis", "on", "the", "prosthetic", "valve", ".", "This", "finding", "was", "corroborated", "by", "PET", "/", "CT", ",", "which", "showed", "a", "collection", "in", "the", "anterior", "portion", "of", "the", "mitral", "annulus", "suggestive", "of", "pseudoaneurysm", "with", "hypercaptation", "at", "this", "level", ".", "Urgent", "surgical", "intervention", "was", "decided", "in", "June", "2016", "and", "an", "open", "abscess", "was", "found", "towards", "the", "left", "atrium", "at", "the", "level", "of", "leaflets", "A1-P1", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "on", "examining", "the", "mechanical", "prosthesis", ",", "there", "was", "evidence", "of", "restriction", "of", "the", "movement", "of", "the", "disc", "due", "to", "pannus", "with", "calcified", "mitral", "annulus", ",", "as", "well", "as", "part", "of", "the", "atrial", "wall", ".", "The", "abscess", "was", "closed", "with", "two", "stitches", "and", "a", "Perimount", "Edwards", "No", "27", "biological", "mitral", "prosthesis", "was", "implanted", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "generator", "replacement", "due", "to", "minimal", "hypercaptation", ",", "as", "seen", "on", "PET-CT", ".", "During", "her", "stay", "in", "hospital", "she", "evolved", "favourably", ",", "de-escalating", "antibiotic", "treatment", "and", "prescribing", "benzylpenicillin", ",", "with", "negative", "blood", "cultures", "for", "control", "and", "prosthetic", "material", ".", "She", "was", "asymptomatic", "and", "progressed", "well", "in", "hospital", ",", "so", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "discharge", "her", "and", "continue", "outpatient", "follow-up", ",", "completing", "antibiotic", "treatment", "with", "amoxicillin", "for", "two", "months", ".", "DIAGNOSIS", "Infectious", "endocarditis", "due", "to", "multisensitive", "Streptococcus", "gordinii", "on", "mechanical", "mitral", "prosthesis", "complicated", "by", "mitral", "periannular", "abscess", ".", "Replacement", "of", "mechanical", "mitral", "prosthesis", "with", "Perimount", "Edwards", "No", "27", "mitral", "biological", "prosthesis", ".", "Replacement", "of", "pacemaker", "generator", "due", "to", "suspected", "pacemaker", "pocket", "infection", "." ]
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en
The case is presented of a 37-year-old male of African origin, who has been living in Spain for 10 years. He consulted for abdominal pain of 3 weeks' evolution, fever/febrile fever and increased abdominal perimeter. On examination, good general condition, with BP 110/70 mmHg, HR of 110 spm and Ta of 37.8 oC. The abdomen was painful to diffuse palpation, with non-tension ascites. No other findings of interest. Among the complementary studies, analytical profiles were normal except for GPT 62 U/l, CPK 1695 U/l, CRP 177 mg/l, ESR 100 mm/h, haemoglobin 114 g/l, relative neutrophilia 67% without leukocytosis, fibrinogen 7.5 g/l and INR 1.4. Abdominal ultrasound showed homogeneous splenomegaly and abundant free fluid without other alterations. Paracentesis was performed and biochemistry showed 2214 cells/mm3 (95% mononuclear), protein 59 g/L, ADA 154 mU/mL, LDH 728 mU/mL, serum-ascites albumin gradient of 8.8 g/L. Blood cultures, urine cultures, smear microscopy and sputum culture were negative. Chest and abdominal X-rays were normal and CT scan with intravenous c/c of the abdomen showed diaphragmatic and mesenteric adenopathy, abundant intraperitoneal fluid, enhancement of peritoneal sheets and infiltration of the greater omentum. Differential diagnosis This is a patient of African origin, but taking into account that the most frequent cause of ascites is due to portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis (80% frequency), multiple aetiologies must be ruled out due to their prevalence, as well as other less frequent but possible causes due to the patient's origin and socio-demographic and clinical characteristics: Portal hypertension: - Cirrhosis (80% of all cases of ascites). - Acute alcoholic hepatitis: may be due to underlying portal hypertension due to cirrhosis or transient portal venous obstruction, together with the associated state of malnutrition. - Acute liver failure: all causes of acute fulminant hepatitis can trigger ascites. - Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (Budd- Chiari syndrome): obstruction due to thrombosis of at least 2 of the 3 suprahepatic veins. - Heart failure. - Constrictive pericarditis: decreased venous return can trigger ascites due to congestion. Hypoalbuminaemia: - Nephrotic syndrome. - Protein-losing enteropathy. - Severe malnutrition. Peritoneal pathology: - Ascites due to malignancy (gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer...): very difficult to diagnose as it presents in a very similar way to other pathologies, its main characteristics will be reviewed in the discussion. - Infectious peritonitis: - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: it should be ruled out in cirrhotic patients with ascites. - Secondary bacterial peritonitis (covert perforation): due to perforation of the hollow viscera, the characteristics of the ascitic fluid would be different, with high cellularity and predominance of PMN, and the presentation would be much more acute. - Peritoneal tuberculosis: given the origin and form of presentation, it is very likely, but other causes must be excluded. - Fungal peritonitis: especially in patients on renal replacement therapy with peritoneal dialysis, which is not our case. - Parasites: exceptionally, but given the patient's origin, they should be taken into account (hydatidosis, schistosomiasis, toxocariasis...) although it is very characteristic for it to present with eosinophilic ascites. - Primary mesothelioma. Systemic eosinophilias: Systemic pathologies with severe organ involvement that can lead to liver infiltration such as hypereosinophilic syndromes, Churg-Strauss syndrome, etc. They would present with eosinophilia in LA. Inflammatory/Autoimmune: It is necessary to rule out inflammatory and autoimmune pathology, which may course with serositis: - Autoinflammatory syndromes: familial Mediterranean fever, cryopyrinopathies, periodic syndromes associated with anti-TNF receptor.... A high index of suspicion is required, as ascites due to serositis is rare. - Autoimmune diseases: SLE (rare), rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune hepatitis and chronic cholestasis (primary biliary cirrhosis and primary cholangitis in cirrhosis phase, etc. other causes: Sarcoidosis (rare form of presentation), chylous ascites (milky ascitic fluid, predominantly trglycerides), pancreatic ascites (elevated amylase), myxedema, haemoperitoneum, urological damage.... Evolution During the patient's hospitalisation, a new paracentesis is performed (800 ml), with similar ascitic fluid; this ascitic fluid is centrifuged and cultured. After 14 days of hospitalisation, diagnostic laparoscopy was performed with biopsies taken for culture and pathological anatomy. The laparoscopic report showed massive adhesive symptoms, miliary granules in the parietal and visceral peritoneum and omentum, with considerable ascites, compatible with tuberculous peritonitis. The pathological anatomy reports necrotising granulomatous inflammation and the biopsy culture is positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lowenstein medium, without resistance to isoniazid or rifampicin, with positive PCR; the ascitic fluid centrifugation culture grows the same species, with negative PCR. Treatment was started with 4 drugs and prednisone, with excellent evolution and resolution of symptoms. Final diagnosis Tuberculous peritonitis.
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"Evolution", "During", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "hospitalisation", ",", "a", "new", "paracentesis", "is", "performed", "(", "800", "ml", ")", ",", "with", "similar", "ascitic", "fluid", ";", "this", "ascitic", "fluid", "is", "centrifuged", "and", "cultured", ".", "After", "14", "days", "of", "hospitalisation", ",", "diagnostic", "laparoscopy", "was", "performed", "with", "biopsies", "taken", "for", "culture", "and", "pathological", "anatomy", ".", "The", "laparoscopic", "report", "showed", "massive", "adhesive", "symptoms", ",", "miliary", "granules", "in", "the", "parietal", "and", "visceral", "peritoneum", "and", "omentum", ",", "with", "considerable", "ascites", ",", "compatible", "with", "tuberculous", "peritonitis", ".", "The", "pathological", "anatomy", "reports", "necrotising", "granulomatous", "inflammation", "and", "the", "biopsy", "culture", "is", "positive", "for", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "in", "Lowenstein", "medium", ",", "without", "resistance", "to", "isoniazid", "or", "rifampicin", ",", "with", "positive", "PCR", ";", "the", "ascitic", "fluid", "centrifugation", "culture", "grows", "the", "same", "species", ",", "with", "negative", "PCR", ".", "Treatment", "was", "started", "with", "4", "drugs", "and", "prednisone", ",", "with", "excellent", "evolution", "and", "resolution", "of", "symptoms", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Tuberculous", "peritonitis", "." ]
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en
A 9-month-old infant presented with fever of 48 hours' duration. In the last few hours, he started with irritation and refusal of feeding as well as enlargement of the left hemicollar. He was treated with oral Cefotaxime for the last 48 hours. Physical examination: Irritable and complaining Neurologically, no neck stiffness and negative meningeal signs Oropharyngeal bulging left posterior pharyngeal wall with left tonsillar pillar displaced towards the midline Increase in size of the left hemicollar, swollen and painful. CBC leukocytosis with neutrophilia. PCR 303 PCT 4.59 Urgent cervical CT scan requested (images included). Left retropharyngeal abscess with inflammatory changes due to contiguity in neighbouring spaces with discrete involvement of the airway and without mediastinal extension. It was decided to admit the patient to hospital for intravenous antibiotics (cefotaxime and clindamycin) and urgent surgical drainage (surgery will be explained). A sample was taken for culture of the purulent content where Streptococcus pyogenes sensitive to penicillin grew. After a week of evolution, the patient evolves favourably and is asymptomatic and is discharged from hospital The retropharyngeal space is the posterior space, in the midline, limited anteriorly by the medial aponeurosis of the deep cervical fascia and posterolaterally by the deep aponeurosis. It extends from the base of the skull to the posterior mediastinum at T3. It is limited between the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the prevertebral muscles. The "dangerous" space runs behind the retropharyngeal space and is the pathway for the spread of infectious or tumour processes to the mediastinum. The most dangerous aspect of this is its possible rapid spread to the mediastinum if not acted upon quickly, as well as its proximity to the upper airway. It is therefore important to make an early diagnosis in order to establish treatment as soon as possible, including in most cases surgical intervention as well as intravenous antibiotic treatment covering the most frequent causative microorganisms, and directed according to the culture and antiobiogram.
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[ { "text": "microorganisms", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2074, "end": 2088 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 833, "end": 840 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1113, "end": 1120 } ]
en
A 66-year-old man, who 15 years before his admission had travelled to Uruguay, lived in a rural environment, with eucalyptus trees a few metres from his home, and had no history of contact with exotic birds. He had been diagnosed with silicosis, and 4 months before his admission, with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), he received corticoids intermittently. The patient consulted for severe temporo-frontal headache. Physical examination revealed a gait with an increased base of support and significant instability. Fundus examination revealed bilateral papillary oedema. Treatment was started with intravenous steroid pulses, mannitol and acetazolamide. Brain computed tomography showed bilateral basal ganglia calcifications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angio-MRI showed no significant alterations. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed an outflow pressure of 17.5 cm/H2O, 63 cells/μL (98% mononuclear and 1% polymorphonuclear). Cryptococcus spp. was isolated from the CSF. The strain was sent to the Mycology Service of the National Microbiology Centre for definitive identification and sensitivity study. The determination of Cryptococcus antigen in blood was 1/512 and in CSF 1/128. Treatment was started with amphotericin B at a dose of 0.7-1 mg/kg/day and 5-fluorocytosine for 14 days, followed by fluconazole 400 mg/day. At the National Microbiology Centre, the strain was identified by morphological examinations and biochemical studies. The micro-organism showed characteristics compatible with those of C. neoformans. In addition, it was able to hydrolyse glycine and was resistant to L-canavanine and was therefore identified as C. gattii. This identification was confirmed by sequencing techniques of fungal DNA, specifically the ITS (Internal Transcriber Spacers) areas of the ribosomal DNA. Sequencing was performed using reference techniques including control strains. The sensitivity study was also performed using standardised methods. The clinical course was initially favourable. Fifteen days after switching to fluconazole, the headache reappeared, at which time the strain was identified as C. gattii. The sensitivity study showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.12 mg/l amphotericin-B, 128 mg/l fluconazole, 0.50 mg/l itraconazole, 1 mg/l voriconazole and 16 mg/l 5-fluorocytosine, so treatment was changed to liposomal amphotericin B (5 mg/kg/day). Given the presence of elevated CSF outflow pressures, the continued detection of Cryptococcus-compatible organisms in the CSF dye examination and the maintenance of high cryptococcal antigen titres, it was decided to increase the polyene dose to 10 mg/kg/day. Subsequently, voriconazole was added at a dose of 400 mg/day and finally voriconazole 800 mg/day was administered orally. The clinical symptoms disappeared, although it was decided to place a shunt in the peritoneal ventricle. Finally, the patient died from an episode of respiratory failure while on home leave, and the cause of death was unknown.
[ "A", "66-year-old", "man", ",", "who", "15", "years", "before", "his", "admission", "had", "travelled", "to", "Uruguay", ",", "lived", "in", "a", "rural", "environment", ",", "with", "eucalyptus", "trees", "a", "few", "metres", "from", "his", "home", ",", "and", "had", "no", "history", "of", "contact", "with", "exotic", "birds", ".", "He", "had", "been", "diagnosed", "with", "silicosis", ",", "and", "4", "months", "before", "his", "admission", ",", "with", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "(", "SLE", ")", ",", "he", "received", "corticoids", "intermittently", ".", "The", "patient", "consulted", "for", "severe", "temporo-frontal", "headache", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "a", "gait", "with", "an", "increased", "base", "of", "support", "and", "significant", "instability", ".", "Fundus", "examination", "revealed", "bilateral", "papillary", "oedema", ".", "Treatment", "was", "started", "with", "intravenous", "steroid", "pulses", ",", "mannitol", "and", "acetazolamide", ".", "Brain", "computed", "tomography", "showed", "bilateral", "basal", "ganglia", "calcifications", ".", "Magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", "and", "angio-MRI", "showed", "no", "significant", "alterations", ".", "Cerebrospinal", "fluid", "(", "CSF", ")", "showed", "an", "outflow", "pressure", "of", "17", ".", "5", "cm", "/", "H2O", ",", "63", "cells", "/", "μL", "(", "98", "%", "mononuclear", "and", "1", "%", "polymorphonuclear", ")", ".", "Cryptococcus", "spp", ".", "was", "isolated", "from", "the", "CSF", ".", "The", "strain", "was", "sent", "to", "the", "Mycology", "Service", "of", "the", "National", "Microbiology", "Centre", "for", "definitive", "identification", "and", "sensitivity", "study", ".", "The", "determination", "of", "Cryptococcus", "antigen", "in", "blood", "was", "1", "/", "512", "and", "in", "CSF", "1", "/", "128", ".", "Treatment", "was", "started", "with", "amphotericin", "B", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "0", ".", "7-1", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "and", "5-fluorocytosine", "for", "14", "days", ",", "followed", "by", "fluconazole", "400", "mg", "/", "day", ".", "At", "the", "National", "Microbiology", "Centre", ",", "the", "strain", "was", "identified", "by", "morphological", "examinations", "and", "biochemical", "studies", ".", "The", "micro-organism", "showed", "characteristics", "compatible", "with", "those", "of", "C", ".", "neoformans", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "it", "was", "able", "to", "hydrolyse", "glycine", "and", "was", "resistant", "to", "L-canavanine", "and", "was", "therefore", "identified", "as", "C", ".", "gattii", ".", "This", "identification", "was", "confirmed", "by", "sequencing", "techniques", "of", "fungal", "DNA", ",", "specifically", "the", "ITS", "(", "Internal", "Transcriber", "Spacers", ")", "areas", "of", "the", "ribosomal", "DNA", ".", "Sequencing", "was", "performed", "using", "reference", "techniques", "including", "control", "strains", ".", "The", "sensitivity", "study", "was", "also", "performed", "using", "standardised", "methods", ".", "The", "clinical", "course", "was", "initially", "favourable", ".", "Fifteen", "days", "after", "switching", "to", "fluconazole", ",", "the", "headache", "reappeared", ",", "at", "which", "time", "the", "strain", "was", "identified", "as", "C", ".", "gattii", ".", "The", "sensitivity", "study", "showed", "minimum", "inhibitory", "concentrations", "(", "MIC", ")", "of", "0", ".", "12", "mg", "/", "l", "amphotericin-B", ",", "128", "mg", "/", "l", "fluconazole", ",", "0", ".", "50", "mg", "/", "l", "itraconazole", ",", "1", "mg", "/", "l", "voriconazole", "and", "16", "mg", "/", "l", "5-fluorocytosine", ",", "so", "treatment", "was", "changed", "to", "liposomal", "amphotericin", "B", "(", "5", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", ")", ".", "Given", "the", "presence", "of", "elevated", "CSF", "outflow", "pressures", ",", "the", "continued", "detection", "of", "Cryptococcus-compatible", "organisms", "in", "the", "CSF", "dye", "examination", "and", "the", "maintenance", "of", "high", "cryptococcal", "antigen", "titres", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "increase", "the", "polyene", "dose", "to", "10", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "voriconazole", "was", "added", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "400", "mg", "/", "day", "and", "finally", "voriconazole", "800", "mg", "/", "day", "was", "administered", "orally", ".", "The", "clinical", "symptoms", "disappeared", ",", "although", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "place", "a", "shunt", "in", "the", "peritoneal", "ventricle", ".", "Finally", ",", "the", "patient", "died", "from", "an", "episode", "of", "respiratory", "failure", "while", "on", "home", "leave", ",", "and", "the", "cause", "of", "death", "was", "unknown", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Cryptococcus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 939, "end": 951 }, { "text": "Cryptococcus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1138, "end": 1150 }, { "text": "birds", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 201, "end": 206 }, { "text": "strain", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 988, "end": 994 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 365, "end": 372 }, { "text": "Cryptococcus spp", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 939, "end": 955 }, { "text": "Mycology", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1011, "end": 1019 }, { "text": "eucalyptus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 114, "end": 124 }, { "text": "strain", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1379, "end": 1385 }, { "text": "strains", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1885, "end": 1892 }, { "text": "fungal", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1723, "end": 1729 }, { "text": "micro-organism", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1460, "end": 1474 }, { "text": "C. neoformans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1523, "end": 1536 }, { "text": "C. gattii", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1650, "end": 1659 }, { "text": "Cryptococcus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2477, "end": 2489 }, { "text": "strain", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2098, "end": 2104 }, { "text": "cryptococcal", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2566, "end": 2578 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2896, "end": 2903 }, { "text": "C. gattii", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2123, "end": 2132 } ]
en
A 47-year-old woman consulted the emergency department for asthenia, headache and altered level of consciousness in the last few days. The haemogram revealed 120,240 leucocytes (N 0% and L 39.4%), Hb: 5.6, Hct: 15.5, and platelets: 23000. Based on these data and the blood smear, the patient was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL3). On physical examination, the patient was disoriented and drowsy, so a simple CT scan of the skull was performed. The cranial CT scan showed: - multiple hyperdense cortical and subcortical lesions, the largest in the cerebellum and left temporal lobe, compatible with parenchymal haemorrhages, with subarachnoid extension, - two right parietal and occipital cortico-subcortical hypodense lesions with mass effect and effacement of sulci, suggestive of infarcts. These findings may be due to cerebral involvement by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Another possibility is angioinvasive aspergillosis.
[ "A", "47-year-old", "woman", "consulted", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "asthenia", ",", "headache", "and", "altered", "level", "of", "consciousness", "in", "the", "last", "few", "days", ".", "The", "haemogram", "revealed", "120", ",", "240", "leucocytes", "(", "N", "0", "%", "and", "L", "39", ".", "4", "%", ")", ",", "Hb", ":", "5", ".", "6", ",", "Hct", ":", "15", ".", "5", ",", "and", "platelets", ":", "23000", ".", "Based", "on", "these", "data", "and", "the", "blood", "smear", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "acute", "promyelocytic", "leukaemia", "(", "APL3", ")", ".", "On", "physical", "examination", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "disoriented", "and", "drowsy", ",", "so", "a", "simple", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "skull", "was", "performed", ".", "The", "cranial", "CT", "scan", "showed", ":", "-", "multiple", "hyperdense", "cortical", "and", "subcortical", "lesions", ",", "the", "largest", "in", "the", "cerebellum", "and", "left", "temporal", "lobe", ",", "compatible", "with", "parenchymal", "haemorrhages", ",", "with", "subarachnoid", "extension", ",", "-", "two", "right", "parietal", "and", "occipital", "cortico-subcortical", "hypodense", "lesions", "with", "mass", "effect", "and", "effacement", "of", "sulci", ",", "suggestive", "of", "infarcts", ".", "These", "findings", "may", "be", "due", "to", "cerebral", "involvement", "by", "disseminated", "intravascular", "coagulation", "(", "DIC", ")", ".", "Another", "possibility", "is", "angioinvasive", "aspergillosis", "." ]
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 14, "end": 19 } ]
en
A 76-year-old man with hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus was admitted to our emergency department with fever, asthenia and low back pain of 2 weeks' evolution. On admission, he presented with hyperthermia, 120 l.p.m., oxygen saturation of 87% and 22 r.p.m. Laboratory tests showed lymphocytopenia and increased fibrinogen, D-dimer, creatinine and C-reactive protein. Chest X-ray showed unilobular opacities in the left lower lobe. On admission, treatment was started with azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, ceftriaxone, methylprednisolone and enoxaparin at a dose of 40mg per day. 96 hours later, the patient continued to have fever, dyspnoea and tachypnoea, and required high-flow oxygen therapy to increase oxygen saturation to 92%. C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin and IL-6 values increased progressively. Chest X-ray showed worsening with bilateral and multilobular opacities, so the dose of LMWH was increased to 60 mg per day and a single dose of tocilizumab was administered, without clinical improvement. On day 11 of admission (day 26 since the onset of symptoms), the patient presented with a sudden episode of loss of muscle strength in the right side of the body, with a fall. Examination showed global aphasia, oculocephalic deviation to the left and right faciobrachiofemoral hemiplegia. A non-contrast CT scan of the brain showed no evidence of acute haemorrhage, tumour effects or midline shift. Treatment with i.v. acetylsalicylic acid was started and the dose of LMWH was reduced to 40 mg per day, but no neurological improvement was observed. 48 hours later, a new non-contrast brain CT scan was performed, which showed signs compatible with complete ischaemic stroke of the left middle cerebral artery, with hyperdense vessel sign in the left intracranial internal carotid artery. CT angiography of the cerebral and carotid arteries was performed as a complementary study of the ischaemic stroke. It revealed complete occlusion of the left internal carotid artery and, fortuitously, two 8 mm intraluminal thrombi were identified in the ascending aorta. Fibrinolysis and emboloectomy were not considered due to the evolution of symptoms. The dose of LMWH was increased to anticoagulant doses and the patient was discharged to a convalescent centre for full rehabilitation. The intention was to maintain anticoagulant therapy for at least 3 months after the episode and to decide on specialised consultation after further re-evaluation with new clinical, analytical and imaging information, except for the occurrence of a serious adverse event or new scientific evidence supporting other therapeutic management.
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en
The mother of the neonatal patient is a 34-year-old pregnant woman who lives near the Huanan wholesale seafood market (about 1.2 km away) in Wuhan. She has not visited the market during her pregnancy and her family has no confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19, but more than 15 people have been diagnosed in the same community where she lives. She has a history of hypothyroidism for 4 years and has been treated with oral medication; she has no history of hypertension, diabetes or heart disease. She had a miscarriage in 2016 due to chromosomal abnormalities. She is allergic to penicillin and first generation cephalosporins (positive in skin tests). At 20:00 h on 1 February 2020, the woman, 40 weeks' gestation, presented with a small vaginal haemorrhage and pain in the lower abdominal region. Two hours later, she developed a fever (37.8°C) and went to the Wuhan Mother and Child Care Centre. As she had a fever, she was referred to the infectious diseases clinic of Wuhan Tongji Hospital the next morning. A chest CT scan showed ground-glass opacities in the left upper and lower lobes, indicating the possibility of viral pneumonia. Chest CT scan of the mother, obtained on 2 February 2020, showing signs of infection in the left upper and lower lobes and indicating the possibility of viral pneumonia, with reduced emphysema in the right lower lobe and minor involvement in the right middle lobe. Blood tests showed lymphocytopenia (0.97 × 109 cells/L [normal: 1.1-3.2 × 109 cells/L]), neutrophilia (9.97 × 109 cells/L [normal: 1.8-6.3 × 109 cells/L]) and high C-reactive protein levels (11.5 mg/L [normal: < 1 mg/L]). It was decided to hospitalise her for suspected viral pneumonia. On admission, her temperature was 37.8°C, blood pressure 131/89 mmHg, respiratory rate 20 bpm, and pulse 96 bpm. Fetal pulse was 136 l.p.m. and her registration showed no abnormalities. An emergency caesarean section was performed. Intraoperatively amniotic fluid with meconium was observed. At 8:45 the patient gave birth to a boy weighing 3025g. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were 8 and 9, respectively. The baby did not regurgitate after delivery. The skin was reddish and the cry was loud. The mother wore an N95 mask during the procedure and after delivery the infant had no contact with the mother. The infant was transferred to the neonatal ward 10 minutes after delivery for close monitoring; the mother was transferred to the infectious disease ward for isolation after the operation. Half an hour after delivery, the infant vomited once after being fed formula, and was considered to have dysphagia. After gastric lavage, the infant was able to be fed without complications. Blood tests of the newborn showed lymphocytopenia (2.43 × 109 cells/L [normal: 3-8 × 109 cells/L]), altered liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase 143 U/L [normal: ≤ 41 U/L]; total bilirubin 33.0 μmol/L [normal: ≤ 26 μmol/L]; indirect bilirubin 26.0 μmol/L [normal: ≤ 16.8 μmol/L]) and high creatine kinase concentration (479 U/L [normal: ≤ 41 U/L]). Penicillin G (150,000 U once daily, i.v. bolus) and vitamin K1 (1 mg once daily, i.v.) were administered as antibiotic prophylaxis and to prevent coagulopathy, respectively. The mother remained in good condition and afebrile during the immediate postoperative period. She had no cough or other complaints such as diarrhoea, nausea or vomiting. Her vital signs were stable, with an oxygen saturation of 99%. Antiviral treatment was administered, with 40 μg of recombinant human interferon α1b atomised inhalation with 2 mL of sterilisation solution twice daily and ganciclovir (0.25 g every 12 hours, i.v.). She was also given abipenem (0.3 g every 12 hours, i.v.) and moxifloxacin (0.4 g once daily, i.v.) to prevent infection. The mother had intermittent fever during the first postoperative day, reaching 38.3°C; she was given methylprednisolone (20 mg i.v.). Her pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 was positive on the same day. Immediately, a pharyngeal swab was obtained from the newborn (36 hours postpartum) together with the mother's milk. We advised the mother not to breastfeed the infant and to express milk to avoid mastitis. The neurological response of the newborn was acceptable during the first day after delivery and his oxygen saturation remained > 92% without oxygen therapy. The infant's laboratory tests were negative for Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Rickettsia, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus, influenza B virus and parainfluenza virus 1-3. On 4 February, the second postoperative day, the mother's vital signs were stable and she was given prednisolone (40 mg once daily i.v.). The newborn remained healthy and his blood gas showed pH of 7.476↑, carbon dioxide partial pressure of 28.2 mm Hg↓, oxygen partial pressure of 116.0 mm Hg↑, bicarbonate of 20.6 mmol/L↓, base excess of 1.30 mmol/L and peripheral oxygen saturation of 98.4%. Testing for a set of paediatric viruses was negative for cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, Toxoplasma gondii, common herpes virus types 1 and 2, echovirus, parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus, Coxsackie A16 virus, Coxsackie B virus, measles virus and varicella zoster virus. Chest CT of the newborn showed thickening of the lung texture without cardiac abnormalities. Thoracic CT scan of the newborn, obtained on 4 February 2020, showing thickening of the texture of the lungs without cardiac abnormalities. The infant was fed formula, 25 mL every 3 hours, and closely monitored. On 5 February, the newborn's vital signs were stable, with oxygen saturation above 90% and no discomfort such as apnoea or vomiting. The pharyngeal swab result for SARS-CoV-2 was positive 36 hours after delivery. Combining all analytical tests and a thorough brainstorming, we diagnosed the child as having SARS-CoV-2 infection. As the neonatal department of Tingji Hospital does not have isolation conditions for the newborn, he was transferred to Wuhan Maternity and Children's Hospital on the same day for better isolation. After finding evidence of neonatal infection, we tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in the umbilical cord blood and placenta samples that we had kept during the procedure; the results were negative. The breast milk sample was also negative for SARS-CoV-2. We followed up the newborn's condition after transfer to Wuhan Maternity and Children's Hospital. His condition was good and afebrile, with no coughing or vomiting. He was closely monitored in isolation and no special treatment was administered. A chest CT scan on 6 February showed high-density nodular shadows under the pleura of the posterior segment of the upper lobe of the right lung. A chest CT scan on 12 February showed small patchy shadow cores in the lower and upper lobes of the right lung. A CT scan of the chest on 17 February showed a few small patchy shadow cores in the lower and upper lobes of the right lung, absorbed in comparison to the previous ones. On 17 February 2020, nucleic acid testing of pharyngeal and anal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 was negative. The newborn was discharged on 18 February 2020.
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"recombinant", "human", "interferon", "α1b", "atomised", "inhalation", "with", "2", "mL", "of", "sterilisation", "solution", "twice", "daily", "and", "ganciclovir", "(", "0", ".", "25", "g", "every", "12", "hours", ",", "i", ".", "v", ".", ")", ".", "She", "was", "also", "given", "abipenem", "(", "0", ".", "3", "g", "every", "12", "hours", ",", "i", ".", "v", ".", ")", "and", "moxifloxacin", "(", "0", ".", "4", "g", "once", "daily", ",", "i", ".", "v", ".", ")", "to", "prevent", "infection", ".", "The", "mother", "had", "intermittent", "fever", "during", "the", "first", "postoperative", "day", ",", "reaching", "38", ".", "3", "°", "C", ";", "she", "was", "given", "methylprednisolone", "(", "20", "mg", "i", ".", "v", ".", ")", ".", "Her", "pharyngeal", "swab", "for", "SARS-CoV-2", "was", "positive", "on", "the", "same", "day", ".", "Immediately", ",", "a", "pharyngeal", "swab", "was", "obtained", "from", "the", "newborn", "(", "36", "hours", "postpartum", ")", "together", "with", "the", "mother", "'", "s", "milk", ".", "We", "advised", "the", "mother", "not", "to", "breastfeed", "the", "infant", "and", "to", "express", "milk", "to", "avoid", "mastitis", ".", "The", "neurological", "response", "of", "the", "newborn", "was", "acceptable", "during", "the", "first", "day", "after", "delivery", "and", "his", "oxygen", "saturation", "remained", ">", "92", "%", "without", "oxygen", "therapy", ".", "The", "infant", "'", "s", "laboratory", "tests", "were", "negative", "for", "Legionella", "pneumophila", ",", "Chlamydia", "pneumoniae", ",", "Mycoplasma", "pneumoniae", ",", "Rickettsia", ",", "adenovirus", ",", "respiratory", "syncytial", "virus", ",", "influenza", "A", "virus", ",", "influenza", "B", "virus", "and", "parainfluenza", "virus", "1-3", ".", "On", "4", "February", ",", "the", "second", "postoperative", "day", ",", "the", "mother", "'", "s", "vital", "signs", "were", "stable", "and", "she", "was", "given", "prednisolone", "(", "40", "mg", "once", "daily", "i", ".", "v", ".", ")", ".", "The", "newborn", "remained", "healthy", "and", "his", "blood", "gas", "showed", "pH", "of", "7", ".", "476", "↑", ",", "carbon", "dioxide", "partial", "pressure", "of", "28", ".", "2", "mm", "Hg", "↓", ",", "oxygen", "partial", "pressure", "of", "116", ".", "0", "mm", "Hg", "↑", ",", "bicarbonate", "of", "20", ".", "6", "mmol", "/", "L", "↓", ",", "base", "excess", "of", "1", ".", "30", "mmol", "/", "L", "and", "peripheral", "oxygen", "saturation", "of", "98", ".", "4", "%", ".", "Testing", "for", "a", "set", "of", "paediatric", "viruses", "was", "negative", "for", "cytomegalovirus", ",", "rubella", "virus", ",", "Toxoplasma", "gondii", ",", "common", "herpes", "virus", "types", "1", "and", "2", ",", "echovirus", ",", "parvovirus", "B19", ",", "Epstein-Barr", "virus", ",", "Coxsackie", "A16", "virus", ",", "Coxsackie", "B", "virus", ",", "measles", "virus", "and", "varicella", "zoster", "virus", ".", "Chest", "CT", "of", "the", "newborn", "showed", "thickening", "of", "the", "lung", "texture", "without", "cardiac", "abnormalities", ".", "Thoracic", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "newborn", ",", "obtained", "on", "4", "February", "2020", ",", "showing", "thickening", "of", "the", "texture", "of", "the", "lungs", "without", "cardiac", "abnormalities", ".", "The", "infant", "was", "fed", "formula", ",", "25", "mL", "every", "3", "hours", ",", "and", "closely", "monitored", ".", "On", "5", "February", ",", "the", "newborn", "'", "s", "vital", "signs", "were", "stable", ",", "with", "oxygen", "saturation", "above", "90", "%", "and", "no", "discomfort", "such", "as", "apnoea", "or", "vomiting", ".", "The", "pharyngeal", "swab", "result", "for", "SARS-CoV-2", "was", "positive", "36", "hours", "after", "delivery", ".", "Combining", "all", "analytical", "tests", "and", "a", "thorough", "brainstorming", ",", "we", "diagnosed", "the", "child", "as", "having", "SARS-CoV-2", "infection", ".", "As", "the", "neonatal", "department", "of", "Tingji", "Hospital", "does", "not", "have", "isolation", "conditions", "for", "the", "newborn", ",", "he", "was", "transferred", "to", "Wuhan", "Maternity", "and", "Children", "'", "s", "Hospital", "on", "the", "same", "day", "for", "better", "isolation", ".", "After", "finding", "evidence", "of", "neonatal", "infection", ",", "we", "tested", "for", "SARS-CoV-2", "nucleic", "acid", "in", "the", "umbilical", "cord", "blood", "and", "placenta", "samples", "that", "we", "had", "kept", "during", "the", "procedure", ";", "the", "results", "were", "negative", ".", "The", "breast", "milk", "sample", "was", "also", "negative", "for", "SARS-CoV-2", ".", "We", "followed", "up", "the", "newborn", "'", "s", "condition", "after", "transfer", "to", "Wuhan", "Maternity", "and", "Children", "'", "s", "Hospital", ".", "His", "condition", "was", "good", "and", "afebrile", ",", "with", "no", "coughing", "or", "vomiting", ".", "He", "was", "closely", "monitored", "in", "isolation", "and", "no", "special", "treatment", "was", "administered", ".", "A", "chest", "CT", "scan", "on", "6", "February", "showed", "high-density", "nodular", "shadows", "under", "the", "pleura", "of", "the", "posterior", "segment", "of", "the", "upper", "lobe", "of", "the", "right", "lung", ".", "A", "chest", "CT", "scan", "on", "12", "February", "showed", "small", "patchy", "shadow", "cores", "in", "the", "lower", "and", "upper", "lobes", "of", "the", "right", "lung", ".", "A", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "chest", "on", "17", "February", "showed", "a", "few", "small", "patchy", "shadow", "cores", "in", "the", "lower", "and", "upper", "lobes", "of", "the", "right", "lung", ",", "absorbed", "in", "comparison", "to", "the", "previous", "ones", ".", "On", "17", "February", "2020", ",", "nucleic", "acid", "testing", "of", "pharyngeal", "and", "anal", "swabs", "for", "SARS-CoV-2", "was", "negative", ".", "The", "newborn", "was", "discharged", "on", "18", "February", "2020", "." ]
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en
A 60-year-old man, with no pathological history of interest, who was referred to us from the Urology Department of our Centre with a diagnosis of stage IV prostate adenocarcinoma with multiple metastatic bone involvement and in a phase of hormone resistance. In February 2004, due to prostatic syndrome (pollakiuria and urinary urgency), his Primary Care Physician (PCP) had performed a PSA test which showed a value of 12 ng/ml, and for this reason he was referred to the specialist. He underwent transrectal ultrasound and ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy which was reported as: bilobular adenocarcinoma, Gleason 7 (4+3). In the extension study (blood tests, MRI and bone scintigraphy), retroperitoneal lymph node metastases and multiple foci of pathological hypercaptation (spine, neck and femoral diaphysis, bony pelvis) were observed. Complete androgen blockade with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (A-LHRH) and antiandrogen was instituted. With this treatment, the PSA level normalised within 4 months (June 04). The patient was receiving analgesic treatment for bone pain with NSAIDs and morphine. He was also treated with dorsolumbar vertebral irradiation with 30 Gy administered in 10 sessions. In April 2006, and with the patient asymptomatic, the PSA began to rise progressively to 7.3, 13.1, 21 ng/ml, maintaining testosterone at castration levels. It was decided, at this point, to discontinue the antiandrogen. The biochemical response was good and normalisation was achieved in August 06. Unfortunately, in November 06, she attended the emergency department with intense generalised and incapacitating bone pain despite the increase in analgesic doses (EAV=8-9), for which she received treatment with strontium (St) in the Nuclear Medicine Department. In addition, the clinical picture is accompanied by PSA figures of 850 ng/ml. In December 06 we decided, with his informed consent, to start palliative QT with Docetaxel and prednisone. We also started therapy with bone resorption inhibitors (zoledronic acid). The clinical response was satisfactory with analgesic control (VAS=2-3) and a reduction in PSA to 150 ng/ml. On 15-02-07, she attended the emergency department and reported that for the last 15 days she had been noticing protrusion of the left eyeball and difficulty in fully separating the eyelids. Neurological examination Proptosis, eyelid ptosis, mydriasis with little reactivity secondary to involvement of the third pair. No orbital murmurs. Orbital MRI Metastatic replacement of the entire central segment of the cranial base, the bone marrow of the vertebrae included in the study and part of the cranial diploe. Involvement of the roof and lateral wall of the left orbit which appear expanded and cause proptosis of the eyeball. The left greater sphenoid wing is replaced and thickened and there is a clear extension to the wall of the left cavernous sinus and the cleft. Similar changes are seen in the bones comprising the contralateral orbit, but less advanced. The lesion of the roof of the left orbit is accompanied by a soft tissue lesion causing inferior displacement of the orbital musculature. Contrast sequences show heterogeneous hyperenhancement of all the lesions described. He received palliative irradiation of the affected areas and presented a frank and rapid deterioration, dying on 21-03-07.
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"the", "extension", "study", "(", "blood", "tests", ",", "MRI", "and", "bone", "scintigraphy", ")", ",", "retroperitoneal", "lymph", "node", "metastases", "and", "multiple", "foci", "of", "pathological", "hypercaptation", "(", "spine", ",", "neck", "and", "femoral", "diaphysis", ",", "bony", "pelvis", ")", "were", "observed", ".", "Complete", "androgen", "blockade", "with", "gonadotropin-releasing", "hormone", "analogue", "(", "A-LHRH", ")", "and", "antiandrogen", "was", "instituted", ".", "With", "this", "treatment", ",", "the", "PSA", "level", "normalised", "within", "4", "months", "(", "June", "04", ")", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "receiving", "analgesic", "treatment", "for", "bone", "pain", "with", "NSAIDs", "and", "morphine", ".", "He", "was", "also", "treated", "with", "dorsolumbar", "vertebral", "irradiation", "with", "30", "Gy", "administered", "in", "10", "sessions", ".", "In", "April", "2006", ",", "and", "with", "the", "patient", "asymptomatic", ",", "the", "PSA", "began", "to", "rise", "progressively", "to", "7", ".", "3", ",", "13", ".", "1", ",", "21", "ng", "/", "ml", ",", "maintaining", "testosterone", "at", "castration", "levels", ".", "It", "was", "decided", ",", "at", "this", "point", ",", "to", "discontinue", "the", "antiandrogen", ".", "The", "biochemical", "response", "was", "good", "and", "normalisation", "was", "achieved", "in", "August", "06", ".", "Unfortunately", ",", "in", "November", "06", ",", "she", "attended", "the", "emergency", "department", "with", "intense", "generalised", "and", "incapacitating", "bone", "pain", "despite", "the", "increase", "in", "analgesic", "doses", "(", "EAV", "=", "8-9", ")", ",", "for", "which", "she", "received", "treatment", "with", "strontium", "(", "St", ")", "in", "the", "Nuclear", "Medicine", "Department", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "the", "clinical", "picture", "is", "accompanied", "by", "PSA", "figures", "of", "850", "ng", "/", "ml", ".", "In", "December", "06", "we", "decided", ",", "with", "his", "informed", "consent", ",", "to", "start", "palliative", "QT", "with", "Docetaxel", "and", "prednisone", ".", "We", "also", "started", "therapy", "with", "bone", "resorption", "inhibitors", "(", "zoledronic", "acid", ")", ".", "The", "clinical", "response", "was", "satisfactory", "with", "analgesic", "control", "(", "VAS", "=", "2-3", ")", "and", "a", "reduction", "in", "PSA", "to", "150", "ng", "/", "ml", ".", "On", "15-02-07", ",", "she", "attended", "the", "emergency", "department", "and", "reported", "that", "for", "the", "last", "15", "days", "she", "had", "been", "noticing", "protrusion", "of", "the", "left", "eyeball", "and", "difficulty", "in", "fully", "separating", "the", "eyelids", ".", "Neurological", "examination", "Proptosis", ",", "eyelid", "ptosis", ",", "mydriasis", "with", "little", "reactivity", "secondary", "to", "involvement", "of", "the", "third", "pair", ".", "No", "orbital", "murmurs", ".", "Orbital", "MRI", "Metastatic", "replacement", "of", "the", "entire", "central", "segment", "of", "the", "cranial", "base", ",", "the", "bone", "marrow", "of", "the", "vertebrae", "included", "in", "the", "study", "and", "part", "of", "the", "cranial", "diploe", ".", "Involvement", "of", "the", "roof", "and", "lateral", "wall", "of", "the", "left", "orbit", "which", "appear", "expanded", "and", "cause", "proptosis", "of", "the", "eyeball", ".", "The", "left", "greater", "sphenoid", "wing", "is", "replaced", "and", "thickened", "and", "there", "is", "a", "clear", "extension", "to", "the", "wall", "of", "the", "left", "cavernous", "sinus", "and", "the", "cleft", ".", "Similar", "changes", "are", "seen", "in", "the", "bones", "comprising", "the", "contralateral", "orbit", ",", "but", "less", "advanced", ".", "The", "lesion", "of", "the", "roof", "of", "the", "left", "orbit", "is", "accompanied", "by", "a", "soft", "tissue", "lesion", "causing", "inferior", "displacement", "of", "the", "orbital", "musculature", ".", "Contrast", "sequences", "show", "heterogeneous", "hyperenhancement", "of", "all", "the", "lesions", "described", ".", "He", "received", "palliative", "irradiation", "of", "the", "affected", "areas", "and", "presented", "a", "frank", "and", "rapid", "deterioration", ",", "dying", "on", "21-03-07", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Primary Care Physician", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 342, "end": 364 }, { "text": "specialist", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 473, "end": 483 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1032, "end": 1039 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1241, "end": 1248 } ]
en
This is a 16-year-old adolescent from the urban area of the municipality of Útica (Cundinamarca), a high school student of mixed race, who consulted for a clinical picture of three days of evolution consisting of subjective fever associated with asthenia, adynamia, myalgia, odynophagia, dry cough and a feeling of faintness in the last two hours. A review of systems was negative. The patient was treated with acetaminophen and amoxicillin, without improvement. Clinical history was not relevant. The patient reported the presence of horses, cats and dogs in the paddock area located in the peridomicile. On admission to hospital, the patient was in acceptable general condition, hydrated, with a temperature of 37°C, moist congestive mucous membranes and a mobile neck with no lymphadenopathies. There was no evidence of skin rash or neurological deficit. The rest of the physical examination was normal. She was admitted for observation with a diagnosis of acute viral laryngitis and treatment was started with acetaminophen and intravenous fluids. Initial laboratory tests showed: 4.5 leukocytes per 109/L (neutrophils, 65.2 %; lymphocytes, 30.2 %); platelets, 173,000/mm3; haemoglobin, 16.8 g/dl, and haematocrit, 51.5 %. Twelve hours after admission, the blood count showed leukopenia (2.8 leukocytes per 109/L; neutrophils, 48.3 %; and lymphocytes, 44.3 %) and thrombocytopenia (platelets, 145,000/mm3). At this time, the patient was still in acceptable general condition with no changes in the physical examination, hydrated and afebrile. Due to the clinical picture on admission, the area of origin and the leukopenia associated with thrombocytopenia evidenced in the control blood count, a clinical suspicion of dengue was determined without warning signs. He was hospitalised and continued under the same management with intravenous fluids, antipyretics and blood tests every 12 hours, and rickettsial infection was considered among the differential diagnoses, given its role as a cause of acute febrile syndrome in the geographical area. On the fifth day of hospitalisation, a blood sample was taken with the patient's consent for serum separation and diagnostic analysis for dengue (capture IgM ELISA-Panbio Diagnostics®) and for rickettsial infection (indirect immunofluorescence for the identification of IgG antibodies against R. rickettsii, Taiaçu strain, R. felis and R. amblyommii, strains donated by Marcelo Labruna; R. akari, R. parkeri and R. typhi, strains donated by the University of Texas Medical Branch, with a dilution of 1:64 or higher considered positive). The patient remained hospitalised for six days until resolution of both leukopenia and thrombocytopenia was evident. During the same period, he remained in acceptable general condition except for the presence of nausea without vomiting on the last two days of hospitalisation for which he required metoclopramide. No new febrile peaks, changes in physical examination or haemorrhagic manifestations were documented. It was therefore decided to discharge the patient, with a follow-up outpatient appointment after 15 days. During the follow-up appointment (15 days after discharge) a new serum sample was taken for processing as a rickettsial convalescence phase. The following results were observed: negative IgM for dengue and significant elevation of titres against R. felis (difference of four or more titres between the acute and convalescent phase sample). The results suggested a diagnosis of flea-borne spotted fever.
[ "This", "is", "a", "16-year-old", "adolescent", "from", "the", "urban", "area", "of", "the", "municipality", "of", "Útica", "(", "Cundinamarca", ")", ",", "a", "high", "school", "student", "of", "mixed", "race", ",", "who", "consulted", "for", "a", "clinical", "picture", "of", "three", "days", "of", "evolution", "consisting", "of", "subjective", "fever", "associated", "with", "asthenia", ",", "adynamia", ",", "myalgia", ",", "odynophagia", ",", "dry", "cough", "and", "a", "feeling", "of", "faintness", "in", "the", "last", "two", "hours", ".", "A", "review", "of", "systems", "was", "negative", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "treated", "with", "acetaminophen", "and", "amoxicillin", ",", "without", "improvement", ".", "Clinical", "history", "was", "not", "relevant", ".", "The", "patient", "reported", "the", "presence", "of", "horses", ",", "cats", "and", "dogs", "in", "the", "paddock", "area", "located", "in", "the", "peridomicile", ".", "On", "admission", "to", "hospital", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "in", "acceptable", "general", "condition", ",", "hydrated", ",", "with", "a", "temperature", "of", "37", "°", "C", ",", "moist", "congestive", "mucous", "membranes", "and", "a", "mobile", "neck", "with", "no", "lymphadenopathies", ".", "There", "was", "no", "evidence", "of", "skin", "rash", "or", "neurological", "deficit", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "physical", "examination", "was", "normal", ".", "She", "was", "admitted", "for", "observation", "with", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "acute", "viral", "laryngitis", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "acetaminophen", "and", "intravenous", "fluids", ".", "Initial", "laboratory", "tests", "showed", ":", "4", ".", "5", "leukocytes", "per", "109", "/", "L", "(", "neutrophils", ",", "65", ".", "2", "%", ";", "lymphocytes", ",", "30", ".", "2", "%", ")", ";", "platelets", ",", "173", ",", "000", "/", "mm3", ";", "haemoglobin", ",", "16", ".", "8", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "and", "haematocrit", ",", "51", ".", "5", "%", ".", "Twelve", "hours", "after", "admission", ",", "the", "blood", "count", "showed", "leukopenia", "(", "2", ".", "8", "leukocytes", "per", "109", "/", "L", ";", "neutrophils", ",", "48", ".", "3", "%", ";", "and", "lymphocytes", ",", "44", ".", "3", "%", ")", "and", "thrombocytopenia", "(", "platelets", ",", "145", ",", "000", "/", "mm3", ")", ".", "At", "this", "time", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "still", "in", "acceptable", "general", "condition", "with", "no", "changes", "in", "the", "physical", "examination", ",", "hydrated", "and", "afebrile", ".", "Due", "to", "the", "clinical", "picture", "on", "admission", ",", "the", "area", "of", "origin", "and", "the", "leukopenia", "associated", "with", "thrombocytopenia", "evidenced", "in", "the", "control", "blood", "count", ",", "a", "clinical", "suspicion", "of", "dengue", "was", "determined", "without", "warning", "signs", ".", "He", "was", "hospitalised", "and", "continued", "under", "the", "same", "management", "with", "intravenous", "fluids", ",", "antipyretics", "and", "blood", "tests", "every", "12", "hours", ",", "and", "rickettsial", "infection", "was", "considered", "among", "the", "differential", "diagnoses", ",", "given", "its", "role", "as", "a", "cause", "of", "acute", "febrile", "syndrome", "in", "the", "geographical", "area", ".", "On", "the", "fifth", "day", "of", "hospitalisation", ",", "a", "blood", "sample", "was", "taken", "with", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "consent", "for", "serum", "separation", "and", "diagnostic", "analysis", "for", "dengue", "(", "capture", "IgM", "ELISA-Panbio", "Diagnostics", "®", ")", "and", "for", "rickettsial", "infection", "(", "indirect", "immunofluorescence", "for", "the", "identification", "of", "IgG", "antibodies", "against", "R", ".", "rickettsii", ",", "Taiaçu", "strain", ",", "R", ".", "felis", "and", "R", ".", "amblyommii", ",", "strains", "donated", "by", "Marcelo", "Labruna", ";", "R", ".", "akari", ",", "R", ".", "parkeri", "and", "R", ".", "typhi", ",", "strains", "donated", "by", "the", "University", "of", "Texas", "Medical", "Branch", ",", "with", "a", "dilution", "of", "1", ":", "64", "or", "higher", "considered", "positive", ")", ".", "The", "patient", "remained", "hospitalised", "for", "six", "days", "until", "resolution", "of", "both", "leukopenia", "and", "thrombocytopenia", "was", "evident", ".", "During", "the", "same", "period", ",", "he", "remained", "in", "acceptable", "general", "condition", "except", "for", "the", "presence", "of", "nausea", "without", "vomiting", "on", "the", "last", "two", "days", "of", "hospitalisation", "for", "which", "he", "required", "metoclopramide", ".", "No", "new", "febrile", "peaks", ",", "changes", "in", "physical", "examination", "or", "haemorrhagic", "manifestations", "were", "documented", ".", "It", "was", "therefore", "decided", "to", "discharge", "the", "patient", ",", "with", "a", "follow-up", "outpatient", "appointment", "after", "15", "days", ".", "During", "the", 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en
A 52-year-old patient with no personal history of interest made a first visit to the emergency department after suffering 72 hours previously a cranioencephalic trauma with a cabinet, without associated loss of consciousness. He reported headache, of low intensity but continuous, and located in the left frontoparietal area. After a normal neurological examination, it was decided to request a cranial CAT scan, which revealed a small left frontal cephalohematoma, and he was discharged from hospital with the usual analgesia. Twenty days after the trauma, the patient visited the emergency department again due to a torpid evolution, with worsening of the headache and fever of up to 39-40oC. Physical examination: Blood pressure: 148/54; Heart rate: 91 bpm. Temperature: 38.1oC; Glasgow 15. Cardiopulmonary auscultation: rhythmic heart sounds. Bilateral normoventilation. Abdomen: soft, depressible, non-painful. Neurologically: normoreactive pupils. No neurological focality or motor or sensory deficit in the extremities. In the skull, left frontoparietal region, there was an erythematous area with a fluctuating mass effect on palpation. Emergency laboratory tests: 13,900 leukocytes (83% neutrophils); Hb 12.3 g/dL; Hto 36.6%; 175,000 platelets; Fibrinogen 7.1 g/L. Urea 34; Creatinine 0.77mg/dL. Electrocardiogram: sinus rhythm 90x, without acute repolarisation alterations. Chest X-ray: cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vascularisation within normality. No findings of acute evolution. A differential diagnosis of cutaneous abscess or neoplasm was considered, so a cranial CT scan was requested, which revealed an image of an epicranial collection in the left frontal region, measuring around 16 x 45 mm in diameter (AP and transverse, respectively), with thick enhancement of the wall, with an inflammatory appearance. In the underlying bone there is an image of a mottled osteolytic lesion, with irregular and poorly defined margins, with destruction of both diploic tables. It is associated with a central interdiploic osteosclerotic image, consistent with sequestration. This radiological image is suggestive of osteomyelitis with associated epicranial abscess and cellulitis. In this context, there is a tiny intracranial epidural inflammatory component, with annular enhancement, barely 1 cm in size, consistent with a tiny abscess. Following the results of the cranial CAT scan and after assessment by the neurosurgery department, scheduled surgical treatment was decided, under general anaesthesia, and a parasagittal incision was made, with abundant purulent material coming out. Bone destroyed by osteomyelitis was visualised, which was removed by craniectomy, with resection of about 4 x 5 cm of bone. After removal of the affected bone, infiltration of the dura mater was observed, so dural excision was decided, which revealed subarachnoid empyema, so the surgery was completed with a brain biopsy. A dura mater plasty was placed and epidural drainage was left in place. The patient was admitted to the ICU for postoperative control, and was afebrile at all times, with good wound evolution, under antibiotic treatment controlled by the infectious diseases service, modified according to culture results (multiple gram+ and gram- anaerobic bacilli were isolated). During admission to the neurosurgery department, the patient presented two isolated seizures, for which reason the anti-comaemic treatment was modified. A control CT scan did not show any complications after surgery or collections with haemorrhagic lesions, so, given the good radiological and clinical evolution of the patient, he was discharged from hospital with antibiotic and anticomial treatment, pending review in the neurosurgery department.
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en
We describe the case of a 74-year-old man with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes and ischaemic stroke, who underwent thrombectomy in 2017. He had been in solitary confinement since returning from a trip to a COVID-19 risk area 13 days earlier. He presented to the emergency department with general malaise and dyspnoea. He had had parainfluenza symptoms and fever for two days prior to admission, as well as spontaneously resolving chest pain. On admission to the ED, the patient presented severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure and oxygen was administered via a high-flow nasal cannula. His condition progressively worsened and he required endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation. Electrocardiogram on admission showed sinus tachycardia with minimal isolated ST-segment elevation in lead III and ST-segment depression in V2-V4. Subsequent electrocardiograms showed no tachycardia. Chest X-ray showed basically peripheral cottony infiltrates in both lung fields, and blood tests on admission revealed acute renal failure (creatinine 2 mg/dL) and significantly increased enzymes, with a creatine kinase value of 731 U/L and a cardiac ultrasensitive troponin T value of 1162 ng/L. High values of interleukin 6 (135 pg/mL), ferritin (145μg/L), lactate dehydrogenase (992U/L), D-dimer (55mcg/mL) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (4076pg/mL) were also observed. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed left ventricular dysfunction with inferolateral hypokinesis. Considering the high likelihood of COVID-19 from the clinical picture and the patient's recent travel, a test for coronavirus acute respiratory distress syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was performed, with a positive result. In the following hours, the patient suffered a clear haemodynamic deterioration followed by mixed shock, requiring vasoactive support with noradrenaline at a maximum dose of 0.44 mg/kg/min. An emergency cardiac catheterisation showed trivascular coronary artery disease with thrombotic occlusion of the right coronary artery. He was treated by percutaneous coronary intervention and placement of two drug-eluting stents; the thrombus migrated to the posterior descending artery. The patient was given antiplatelet agents (aspirin and clopidogrel) and anticoagulants with heparin sodium. He was also started on a regimen of hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab. His condition progressively worsened over the following hours, with haemodynamic deterioration. A thoracic and abdominal CT scan was performed, which showed multiple arterial thromboses and findings consistent with mesenteric ischaemia, splenic infarction and pulmonary thromboembolism (28%). The patient died 72 hours after admission.
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en
A 47-year-old man from Bolivia who had lived in Argentina and Brazil because of his work as a bricklayer. He had been in Spain for three months. His medical history included a history of haemoptotic sputum for which he had been treated in his country for a month with a drug that he had not remembered for 6 years. He had been asymptomatic since then with good functional capacity as he had not stopped working all this time. He came to the emergency department of our centre for 5-7 days with a progressive increase in dyspnoea with orthopnoea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea that made him unable to work. He did not report fever or any other symptoms. The examination revealed a mitral diastolic murmur, a third murmur and bilateral crackles from both apexes. Chest X-ray showed a bilateral interstitial oedema pattern in butterfly wings compatible with heart failure. Echocardiogram revealed dilated cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 10%. The ECG showed non-specific repolarisation abnormalities and occasional bigeminy, but never ventricular tachycardia. In view of the suspected infectious origin of the process, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Trypanosoma cruzi was requested and was positive, and Ig G serology, also positive, which confirmed the chronicity of the process. The patient also reported vague abdominal pain which, together with constipation, was the manifestation of megacolon, which was confirmed radiologically. With the diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease with myocardial and colonic involvement, treatment was started with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, carvedilol and anticoagulation, with the patient showing very good clinical evolution and being asymptomatic 24 hours after admission. The megacolon was resolved with a fibre diet and laxatives. The patient is currently awaiting evaluation for cardiac transplantation. One of the possible collaterals enrolled presented with fever and acute rhinopharyngitis, and another with controlled hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia due to atrial fibrillation with controlled ventricular response, the rest were clinically healthy; however, two of them had a history of Leishmaniasis and had received blood transfusion. All were non-reactive for anti-T. cruzi antibodies by ELISA and IFA.
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en
A 27-year-old woman, pregnant at 31 weeks, with a history of malaria diagnosed and treated in her country (she had not taken chemoprophylaxis against this disease). A native of Equatorial Guinea, she returned to Spain a week before the start of the clinic. For four days, the patient reported abdominal discomfort, predominantly in the hypogastrium, together with dysuria and febrile syndrome with a temperature of 38-39°C. She denied risky sexual relations and denied any risky sexual activity. She denied risky sexual relations and toxic habits. Poor vaccination schedule. No consumption of unpasteurised dairy products, no bathing in fresh water or ingestion of contaminated food and water. Physical examination showed a good general appearance. Conscious and oriented, without neurological focality. Temperature 39.3 oC. Blood pressure 85/50 mmHg without hypoperfusion. Rhythmic heart tones at 120 beats per minute, without murmurs or rubbing and preserved vesicular murmur without pathological noises. Abdomen typical of gestational age, not painful. No oedema or signs of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities. Pulses present and symmetrical. Initial complementary tests were: haemogram: normocytic and normochromic anaemia, absence of leukocytosis. Coagulation and biochemistry were normal. CRP 107.8 mg/L. Differential diagnosis This is a VFR (Visiting Friends and Relatives) patient who consulted for febrile syndrome, abdominal discomfort and dysuria of four days' evolution. Complementary laboratory tests showed anaemia and platelets at the lower limit of normality. The anamnesis highlighted the epidemiological history of coming from Equatorial Guinea a week earlier and that he had never taken antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. The initial differential diagnosis should focus on febrile syndrome in a patient from a tropical area. The most important disease to rule out in travellers with fever on return from the tropics is malaria, especially if the patient comes from an endemic area, both because of its potential severity and frequency of presentation. In these areas, high-risk groups for developing severe malaria and its consequences include young children and pregnant women. In some series malaria accounts for up to 30% of febrile illnesses in travellers from that region of the world. Patients often present with non-specific symptoms and may mimic a minor viral illness. Patients may present with tachycardia, tachypnoea, chills, malaise, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, micturition or respiratory symptoms. Haematological manifestations are frequent, with thrombopenia being detected in 62-83% and anaemia in 41% of cases2. However, anaemia can have a multifactorial cause due to gestation and deficiencies of iron and other nutrients, as well as helminth infections. With regard to the study of febrile syndrome on return from the tropics, it is essential to record in the clinical history the exposures and risk activities that may be associated with potential infections. In our case, our patient did not report having bathed in freshwater areas (rivers, lakes, etc.) in Equatorial Guinea, making schistosomiasis (Katayama fever) and leptospirosis less likely. He denied having had risky sexual contacts leading to acute HIV infection, or to the transmission of other STDs. Nor had she consumed unsanitised dairy products, which would lead us to suspect brucellosis fever. He had not presented exanthema (suggestive of Borrelia spp infection), skin rash or haemorrhagic manifestations. Nevertheless, in patients from the tropics, infections caused by arboviruses, such as Dengue, transmitted by the bite of the Aedes mosquito, endemic in Central and South America, should be studied. Incubation time is 4 to 7 days (with a range of 3 to 10 days). The infection has an initial course with biphasic fever, headache, severe myalgia and macular or papulomacular rash present in up to half of the cases. Occasionally, it progresses to a life-threatening condition (severe or haemorrhagic dengue). Diagnosis is usually made retrospectively by serology or in the first few days by PCR. In recent years, Chikungunya virus infection, also caused by arboviruses, has gained importance, endemic in Africa and with outbreaks in Asia, Europe, islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and in the Americas. It is transmitted by the bite of the Aedes mosquito with an incubation period of 1 to 14 days. It is characterised by the presence of fever, polyarthralgias and arthritis and skin manifestations (macular rash) in up to 40-75% of patients. Diagnosis is made by virus PCR or serology. In any fever of unknown origin, arthropod-borne Rickettsiosis must be ruled out. Symptoms usually appear within two weeks and are characterised by high fever lasting 2-3 weeks, headache, intense myalgia, chills and rash on the limbs, affecting palms and soles and spreading rapidly to the trunk, although it may also be absent. Other manifestations include hepatomegaly or splenomegaly, thrombopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. If we study the cases of fever in travellers returning from the tropics, 11% of them present symptoms of respiratory infection, which could be initially ruled out in our case given the absence of symptoms. The most frequent causes are viral upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, viral and bacterial pneumonias. Among the latter, there are a greater number of atypical aetiologies. Other aetiologies such as histoplasmosis, viral hepatitis and meningitis could be ruled out, remembering that the patient did not report activities in caves or ruins, which is the most common form of inhalation of spores, her liver profile in the analysis was normal and there was no evidence of neurological symptoms or meningeal signs in the examination. In contrast, gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections should be taken into account, as these were the guiding symptoms. Enteric fever is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi and Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A.B.C. To be taken into account as its mechanism of transmission is faecal-oral through contaminated food and water, with a high prevalence in endemic areas (more than 100 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year). It most commonly affects children and young adults. The incubation period is usually 6 to 30 days and the onset is insidious. The predominant symptoms are fever, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and chills. However, there are classic symptoms such as bradycardia and dicrotic pulse and pinkish spots on the trunk and abdomen that are not present in our patient, as well as hepatosplenomegaly and altered transaminases. Blood cultures are positive in 50-70% of cases. Currently, there are two vaccines (oral and parenteral) with 64-95% effectiveness. Evolution With the above clinical, epidemiological and analytical data, the following tests are carried out in parallel: - Rapid malaria diagnostic test (panmalarial and P. falciparum antigens): positive. - Thick blood drop: P. falciparum with parasitaemia level between 8-10%. - Urine and blood cultures were also requested without isolation of microorganisms. - Serology: Negative for lue (CLIA); negative for CMV IgM, positive for CMV IgG; negative for HIV (ELISA); negative for Parvovirus B19 IgM, negative for Parvovirus B19 IgG; positive for HAV IgG; negative for HAV IgM; HBV anti-HBs ' 1000 mIU/ml, positive for HBc, negative for HBs Ag; negative for HCV; negative for rubella IgG, negative for rubella IgM; negative for Toxoplasma IgG and IgM. He was admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of P. falciparum malaria with severity criteria, and intravenous (IV) treatment with artesunate (5 doses of 2.4 mg/kg at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours) with daily monitoring of parasitaemia. At 24 hours parasitaemia was 0.5% (undetectable at 48 hours). Subsequently, he was transferred to the Infectious Diseases ward where he completed sequential treatment with 3 tablets of oral Eurartesim® for 3 days (120 mg/day of piperaquine + 960 mg of dihydroartemisinin). Final diagnosis Plasmodium falciparum malaria with severity criteria (parasitaemia greater than 5%).
[ "A", "27-year-old", "woman", ",", "pregnant", "at", "31", "weeks", ",", "with", "a", "history", "of", "malaria", "diagnosed", "and", "treated", "in", "her", "country", "(", "she", "had", "not", "taken", "chemoprophylaxis", "against", "this", "disease", ")", ".", "A", "native", "of", "Equatorial", "Guinea", ",", "she", "returned", "to", "Spain", "a", "week", "before", "the", "start", "of", "the", "clinic", ".", "For", "four", "days", ",", "the", "patient", "reported", "abdominal", "discomfort", ",", "predominantly", "in", "the", "hypogastrium", ",", "together", "with", "dysuria", "and", "febrile", "syndrome", "with", "a", "temperature", "of", "38-39", "°", "C", ".", "She", "denied", "risky", "sexual", "relations", "and", "denied", "any", "risky", "sexual", "activity", ".", "She", "denied", "risky", "sexual", "relations", "and", "toxic", "habits", ".", "Poor", "vaccination", "schedule", ".", "No", "consumption", "of", "unpasteurised", "dairy", "products", ",", "no", "bathing", "in", "fresh", "water", "or", "ingestion", "of", "contaminated", "food", "and", "water", ".", "Physical", "examination", "showed", "a", "good", "general", "appearance", ".", "Conscious", "and", "oriented", ",", "without", "neurological", "focality", ".", "Temperature", "39", ".", "3", "oC", ".", "Blood", "pressure", "85", "/", "50", "mmHg", "without", "hypoperfusion", ".", "Rhythmic", "heart", "tones", "at", "120", "beats", "per", "minute", ",", "without", "murmurs", "or", "rubbing", "and", "preserved", "vesicular", "murmur", "without", "pathological", "noises", ".", "Abdomen", "typical", "of", "gestational", "age", ",", "not", "painful", ".", "No", "oedema", "or", "signs", "of", "deep", "vein", "thrombosis", "in", "the", "lower", "extremities", ".", "Pulses", "present", "and", "symmetrical", ".", "Initial", "complementary", "tests", "were", ":", "haemogram", ":", "normocytic", "and", "normochromic", "anaemia", ",", "absence", "of", "leukocytosis", ".", "Coagulation", "and", "biochemistry", "were", "normal", ".", "CRP", "107", ".", "8", "mg", "/", "L", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "This", "is", "a", "VFR", "(", "Visiting", "Friends", "and", "Relatives", ")", "patient", "who", "consulted", "for", "febrile", "syndrome", ",", "abdominal", "discomfort", "and", "dysuria", "of", "four", "days", "'", "evolution", ".", "Complementary", "laboratory", "tests", "showed", "anaemia", "and", "platelets", "at", "the", "lower", "limit", "of", "normality", ".", "The", "anamnesis", "highlighted", "the", "epidemiological", "history", "of", "coming", "from", "Equatorial", "Guinea", "a", "week", "earlier", "and", "that", "he", "had", "never", "taken", "antimalarial", "chemoprophylaxis", ".", "The", "initial", "differential", "diagnosis", "should", "focus", "on", "febrile", "syndrome", "in", "a", "patient", "from", "a", "tropical", "area", ".", "The", "most", "important", "disease", "to", "rule", "out", "in", "travellers", "with", "fever", "on", "return", "from", "the", "tropics", "is", "malaria", ",", "especially", "if", "the", "patient", "comes", "from", "an", "endemic", "area", ",", "both", "because", "of", "its", "potential", "severity", "and", "frequency", "of", "presentation", ".", "In", "these", "areas", ",", "high-risk", "groups", "for", "developing", "severe", "malaria", "and", "its", "consequences", "include", "young", "children", "and", "pregnant", "women", ".", "In", "some", "series", "malaria", "accounts", "for", "up", "to", "30", "%", "of", "febrile", "illnesses", "in", "travellers", "from", "that", "region", "of", "the", "world", ".", "Patients", "often", "present", "with", "non-specific", "symptoms", "and", "may", "mimic", "a", "minor", "viral", "illness", ".", "Patients", "may", "present", "with", "tachycardia", ",", "tachypnoea", ",", "chills", ",", "malaise", ",", "nausea", ",", "vomiting", ",", "abdominal", "pain", ",", "diarrhoea", ",", "micturition", "or", "respiratory", "symptoms", ".", "Haematological", "manifestations", "are", "frequent", ",", "with", "thrombopenia", "being", "detected", "in", "62-83", "%", "and", "anaemia", "in", "41", "%", "of", "cases2", ".", "However", ",", "anaemia", "can", "have", "a", "multifactorial", "cause", "due", "to", "gestation", "and", "deficiencies", "of", "iron", "and", "other", "nutrients", ",", "as", "well", "as", "helminth", "infections", ".", "With", "regard", "to", "the", "study", "of", "febrile", "syndrome", "on", "return", "from", "the", "tropics", ",", "it", "is", "essential", "to", "record", "in", "the", "clinical", "history", "the", "exposures", "and", "risk", "activities", "that", "may", "be", "associated", "with", "potential", "infections", ".", "In", "our", "case", ",", "our", "patient", "did", "not", "report", "having", "bathed", "in", "freshwater", "areas", "(", "rivers", ",", "lakes", ",", "etc", ".", ")", "in", "Equatorial", "Guinea", ",", "making", "schistosomiasis", "(", "Katayama", "fever", ")", "and", "leptospirosis", "less", "likely", ".", "He", "denied", "having", "had", "risky", "sexual", "contacts", "leading", "to", "acute", "HIV", "infection", ",", "or", "to", "the", "transmission", "of", "other", "STDs", ".", "Nor", "had", "she", "consumed", "unsanitised", "dairy", "products", ",", "which", "would", "lead", "us", "to", "suspect", "brucellosis", "fever", ".", "He", "had", "not", "presented", "exanthema", "(", "suggestive", "of", "Borrelia", "spp", "infection", ")", ",", "skin", "rash", "or", "haemorrhagic", "manifestations", ".", "Nevertheless", ",", "in", "patients", "from", "the", "tropics", ",", "infections", "caused", "by", "arboviruses", ",", "such", "as", "Dengue", ",", "transmitted", "by", "the", "bite", "of", "the", "Aedes", "mosquito", ",", "endemic", "in", "Central", "and", "South", "America", ",", "should", "be", "studied", ".", "Incubation", "time", "is", "4", "to", "7", "days", "(", "with", "a", "range", "of", "3", "to", "10", "days", ")", ".", "The", "infection", "has", "an", "initial", "course", "with", "biphasic", "fever", ",", "headache", ",", "severe", "myalgia", "and", "macular", "or", "papulomacular", "rash", "present", "in", "up", "to", "half", "of", "the", "cases", ".", "Occasionally", ",", "it", "progresses", "to", "a", "life-threatening", "condition", "(", "severe", "or", "haemorrhagic", "dengue", ")", ".", "Diagnosis", "is", "usually", "made", "retrospectively", "by", "serology", "or", "in", "the", "first", "few", "days", "by", "PCR", ".", "In", "recent", "years", ",", "Chikungunya", "virus", "infection", ",", "also", "caused", "by", "arboviruses", ",", "has", "gained", "importance", ",", "endemic", "in", "Africa", "and", "with", "outbreaks", "in", "Asia", ",", "Europe", ",", "islands", "in", "the", "Indian", "and", "Pacific", "Oceans", ",", "and", "in", "the", "Americas", ".", "It", "is", "transmitted", "by", "the", "bite", "of", "the", "Aedes", "mosquito", "with", "an", "incubation", "period", "of", "1", "to", "14", "days", ".", "It", "is", "characterised", "by", "the", "presence", "of", "fever", ",", "polyarthralgias", "and", "arthritis", "and", "skin", "manifestations", "(", "macular", "rash", ")", "in", "up", "to", "40-75", "%", "of", "patients", ".", "Diagnosis", "is", "made", "by", "virus", "PCR", "or", "serology", ".", "In", "any", "fever", "of", "unknown", "origin", ",", "arthropod-borne", "Rickettsiosis", "must", "be", "ruled", "out", ".", "Symptoms", "usually", "appear", "within", "two", "weeks", "and", "are", "characterised", "by", "high", "fever", "lasting", "2-3", "weeks", ",", "headache", ",", "intense", "myalgia", ",", "chills", "and", "rash", "on", "the", "limbs", ",", "affecting", "palms", "and", "soles", "and", "spreading", "rapidly", "to", "the", "trunk", ",", "although", "it", "may", "also", "be", "absent", ".", "Other", "manifestations", "include", "hepatomegaly", "or", "splenomegaly", ",", "thrombopenia", "and", "disseminated", "intravascular", "coagulation", ".", "If", "we", "study", "the", "cases", "of", "fever", "in", "travellers", "returning", "from", "the", "tropics", ",", "11", "%", "of", "them", "present", "symptoms", "of", "respiratory", "infection", ",", "which", "could", "be", "initially", "ruled", "out", "in", "our", "case", "given", "the", "absence", "of", "symptoms", ".", "The", "most", "frequent", "causes", "are", "viral", "upper", "respiratory", "tract", "infections", ",", "bronchitis", ",", "viral", "and", "bacterial", "pneumonias", ".", "Among", "the", "latter", ",", "there", "are", "a", "greater", "number", "of", "atypical", "aetiologies", ".", "Other", "aetiologies", "such", "as", "histoplasmosis", ",", "viral", "hepatitis", "and", "meningitis", "could", "be", "ruled", "out", ",", "remembering", "that", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "report", "activities", "in", "caves", "or", "ruins", ",", "which", "is", "the", "most", "common", "form", "of", "inhalation", "of", "spores", ",", "her", "liver", "profile", "in", "the", "analysis", "was", "normal", "and", "there", "was", "no", "evidence", "of", "neurological", "symptoms", "or", "meningeal", "signs", "in", "the", "examination", ".", "In", "contrast", ",", "gastrointestinal", "and", "urinary", "tract", "infections", "should", "be", "taken", "into", "account", ",", "as", "these", "were", "the", "guiding", "symptoms", ".", "Enteric", "fever", "is", "an", "infectious", "disease", "caused", "by", "Salmonella", "enterica", "serotype", "Typhi", "and", "Salmonella", "enterica", "serotype", "Paratyphi", "A", ".", "B", ".", "C", ".", "To", "be", "taken", "into", "account", "as", "its", "mechanism", "of", "transmission", "is", "faecal-oral", "through", "contaminated", "food", "and", "water", ",", "with", "a", "high", "prevalence", "in", "endemic", "areas", "(", "more", "than", "100", "cases", "per", "100", ",", "000", "inhabitants", "/", "year", ")", ".", "It", "most", "commonly", "affects", "children", "and", "young", "adults", ".", "The", "incubation", "period", "is", "usually", "6", "to", "30", "days", "and", "the", "onset", "is", "insidious", ".", "The", "predominant", "symptoms", "are", "fever", ",", "headache", ",", "abdominal", "pain", ",", "diarrhoea", ",", "nausea", ",", "vomiting", "and", "chills", ".", "However", ",", "there", "are", "classic", "symptoms", "such", "as", "bradycardia", "and", "dicrotic", "pulse", "and", "pinkish", "spots", "on", "the", "trunk", "and", "abdomen", "that", "are", "not", "present", "in", "our", "patient", ",", "as", "well", "as", "hepatosplenomegaly", "and", "altered", "transaminases", ".", "Blood", "cultures", "are", "positive", "in", "50-70", "%", "of", "cases", ".", "Currently", ",", "there", "are", "two", "vaccines", "(", "oral", "and", "parenteral", ")", "with", "64-95", "%", "effectiveness", ".", "Evolution", "With", "the", "above", "clinical", ",", "epidemiological", "and", "analytical", "data", ",", "the", "following", "tests", "are", "carried", "out", "in", "parallel", ":", "-", "Rapid", "malaria", "diagnostic", "test", "(", "panmalarial", "and", "P", ".", "falciparum", "antigens", ")", ":", "positive", ".", "-", "Thick", "blood", "drop", ":", "P", ".", "falciparum", "with", "parasitaemia", "level", "between", "8-10", "%", ".", "-", "Urine", "and", "blood", "cultures", "were", "also", "requested", "without", "isolation", "of", "microorganisms", ".", "-", "Serology", ":", "Negative", "for", "lue", "(", "CLIA", ")", ";", "negative", "for", "CMV", "IgM", ",", "positive", "for", "CMV", "IgG", ";", "negative", "for", "HIV", "(", "ELISA", ")", ";", "negative", "for", "Parvovirus", "B19", "IgM", ",", "negative", "for", "Parvovirus", "B19", "IgG", ";", "positive", "for", "HAV", "IgG", ";", "negative", "for", "HAV", "IgM", ";", "HBV", "anti-HBs", "'", "1000", "mIU", "/", "ml", ",", "positive", "for", "HBc", ",", "negative", "for", "HBs", "Ag", ";", "negative", "for", "HCV", ";", "negative", "for", "rubella", "IgG", ",", "negative", "for", "rubella", "IgM", ";", "negative", "for", "Toxoplasma", "IgG", "and", "IgM", ".", "He", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "intensive", "care", "unit", "with", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "P", ".", "falciparum", "malaria", "with", "severity", "criteria", ",", "and", "intravenous", "(", "IV", ")", "treatment", "with", "artesunate", "(", "5", "doses", "of", "2", ".", "4", "mg", "/", "kg", "at", "0", ",", "12", ",", "24", ",", "48", "and", "72", "hours", ")", "with", "daily", "monitoring", "of", "parasitaemia", ".", "At", "24", "hours", "parasitaemia", "was", "0", ".", "5", "%", "(", "undetectable", "at", "48", "hours", ")", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "he", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "ward", "where", "he", "completed", "sequential", "treatment", "with", "3", "tablets", "of", "oral", "Eurartesim", "®", "for", "3", "days", "(", "120", "mg", "/", "day", "of", "piperaquine", "+", "960", "mg", "of", "dihydroartemisinin", ")", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Plasmodium", "falciparum", "malaria", "with", "severity", "criteria", "(", "parasitaemia", "greater", "than", "5", "%", ")", "." ]
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en
History, current illness and physical examination A 61-year-old woman, with no cardiovascular risk factors or relevant medical history, attended her health centre for oppressive chest pain radiating to the back, associated with palpitations and dyspnoea, of one hour's duration. On arrival, he appeared to be in poor general condition with a heart rate of around 250 bpm and hypotension. An electrocardiogram was performed (figure 1), after which it was decided to call the emergency services and administer 300 mg of intravenous amiodarone. On arrival of the mobile ICU, the patient remained symptomatic and cardioversion had not been achieved. Given the presence of a tachyarrhythmia that was interpreted as ventricular tachycardia, poorly tolerated haemodynamically, it was decided to perform electrical cardioversion. After sedation, cardioversion was performed with three shocks (200-300-360 joules) without success, after which he was transferred urgently to his hospital of reference. Further tests Analysis: haemogram: haemoglobin 11.7 g/dl, haematocrit 36%, leucocytes 9,000/uL, platelets 183,000/uL. Coagulation normal. Blood glucose 225 mg/dl, creatinine 1.2 mg/dl, sodium 138 mmol/litre, potassium 4.1 mmol/litre, magnesium 1.9 mg/dl, lactate 2.4 mmol/litre, calcium 8.3 mmol/litre and troponin T 130 pg/ml. Venous blood gases: pH 7.16, pCO2 54, HCO3 19, BE -9.7. ʟʟ ECG Clinical evolution Admitted to the intensive care unit where treatment with intravenous lidocaine was started, achieving cardioversion with improvement in blood pressure. Once in sinus rhythm, the electrocardiogram showed a generalised decrease in the ST segment with an increase in aVR, so she contacted the cardiac critical care unit of our centre and was transferred for study. On arrival, the patient was asymptomatic and haemodynamically stable. On questioning, she denied previous episodes of chest pain or palpitations despite walking several kilometres daily. The baseline electrocardiogram showed pre-excitation. An echocardiogram was performed showing Ebstein's anomaly with lateral leaflet of the tricuspid valve with low implantation (1.4 cm from the mitral valve) not previously known. The right ventricle was slightly dilated with slightly depressed systolic function and moderate-severe tricuspid insufficiency. The tachycardia record was reviewed with the electrophysiology service and, given the suspicion that the patient had supraventricular tachycardia, probably pre-excited atrial fibrillation, it was decided to perform an electrophysiological study and ablation. The study detected three accessory pathways: right posteroseptal, left posteroseptal and right inferolateral, and these were effectively ablated. As a complication, she presented mild pericardial effusion which remained unchanged during her evolution on the ward, and she was discharged asymptomatic with outpatient monitoring. Diagnosis ʟʟ Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome ʟʟʟ Ebstein's anomaly ʟʟʟ Severe tricuspid insufficiency
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en
A 43-year-old male patient from Romania who has been living in our country for several years, despite the fact that he has a significant language barrier and lives in a precarious social situation (destitution). His personal history includes being an active smoker and a chronic alcoholic habit. He does not receive regular treatment and reports no adverse reactions to medication. He had no history of tuberculosis (TB) and no history of vaccination or treatment for TB. He had not undergone any surgical intervention until 8 months ago when he suffered an accidental fall from a height of 3 metres onto his right foot with an associated closed fracture of the tibial pylon and fibula, as well as a cranial trauma with minimal subarachnoid haemorrhage and a fracture of the 8th rib and small left apical pneumothorax in the thorax. Radiographic condensation was also observed in the right upper lobe, which was interpreted as aspiration pneumonia in this context. The fracture was reduced with osteosynthesis material (OSM): plates on the tibia and fibula with 8 cortico-cancellous screws in both the fibula and tibia. She now consults for swelling of the right ankle with pain, erythema and fluctuating oedema with fistulisation in the pretibial region. She had started antibiotic treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin on an outpatient basis due to suspicion of infection at that level without improvement. In the anamnesis conducted by apparatus and systems, she denied any other associated clinical manifestations. On physical examination he was eupneic and afebrile, in acceptable general condition with good skin and mucous membrane colouring, blood pressure 130/60 mmHg, heart rate 65 bpm and baseline oxygen saturation 97%. Weight: 75 kg. There was no oropharyngeal thrush and no peripheral lymphadenopathies were palpable. Cardiac and respiratory auscultation was normal. The abdomen was soft to palpation, non-painful, without masses or organomegaly. Oedematisation of the right ankle with the previously mentioned findings. There were no signs of deep vein thrombosis. Peripheral pulses were symmetrical. The neurological examination was normal. Initial complementary tests were: CBC with thrombocytosis (542,000/mm3), haemoglobin, MCV, leukocyte count and formula were normal; blood glucose 128 mg/dL, C-reactive protein 9. 06 mg/dL, with normal renal function and ions; coagulation not altered except fibrinogen of 642 mg/dL; anteroposterior and lateral radiography of the right leg showing absence of consolidation of fracture of the distal epiphysis of the right tibia with heterogeneous radiological density at that level, fragmentation and mobilisation of at least 3 cortico-medullary screws in the tibia; and postero-posterior and lateral radiography of the right leg showing absence of consolidation of fracture of the distal epiphysis of the right tibia with heterogeneous radiological density at that level, fragmentation and mobilisation of at least 3 cortico-medullary screws in the tibia; and posteroanterior and lateral chest X-ray showing alveolar infiltrate in the right upper lobe similar to the one present in the previous study. Anteroposterior and lateral radiograph of the right leg: Absence of consolidation of fracture of the distal epiphysis of the tibia. Detachment of cortico-medullary screws. Posteroanterior chest X-ray: alveolar infiltrate in the right upper lobe. Differential diagnosis In summary, this is a patient with a fracture of the tibia and fibula reduced with OS material 8 months ago who consulted for swelling of the right ankle with fistulization to the skin. The X-ray shows the lack of consolidation of the fracture reduced with OS material, with fragmentation and migration of some elements, in addition to maintaining a radiological lesion in the right pulmonary apex throughout this process which has not changed. Laboratory tests showed elevation of some acute phase reactants (CRP, platelets, fibrinogen). The anamnesis highlights his country of origin (Romania) and the epidemiological history of living in poor sanitary conditions as well as chronic consumption of toxic substances (tobacco and alcohol). Therefore the differential diagnosis is centred around a pseudarthrosis (absence/delay of consolidation 6-8 months after reduction with MOS) whose risk factors are directly related to age, to certain systemic diseases (TB, syphilis, diabetes, hypothyrodism, osteopenia), to local factors specific to the fracture (location, type, open/closed), as well as to the treatment carried out on the fracture (failure in the reduction, immobilisation). The patient was young and reported no constitutional symptoms, although he had risk factors for tuberculosis infection (country of origin of intermediate prevalence, alcoholism, destitution), he was at risk of osteopenia due to the fact that he was a smoker, and his glycaemic and thyroid profiles were normal. The acute or subacute appearance of inflammatory symptoms after a paucisymptomatic post-reduction interval, accompanied by pain and purulent drainage to the skin, probably communicating with the implanted material, suggests the presence of osteomyelitis of the fracture with associated infection of the OS material as the first diagnostic suspicion and cause of non-union. However, we should not rule out other much less probable aetiologies for two reasons: 1. Osteomyelitis is considered to be a great simulator since radiologically it can show a variable appearance, present in any location, etc. 2. The existence of a chronic lung lesion of uncertain origin. Therefore, other possible aetiologies should be considered in the background: - Tumour (primary bone, plasmacytoma, metastatic with pulmonary primary). - TB (apical pulmonary infiltrate that has not changed in the last 8 months and is asymptomatic and could correspond to a residual TB lesion or active TB). - Mycosis (we do not know if the patient has any added acquired immunosuppression factor: HIV infection, neoplasia, etc.). - Others: eosinophilic granuloma, sarcoidosis, histiocytoma... Our diagnostic hypothesis focused, on the one hand, on a tibial infection associated with OS material and, on the other, on pulmonary TB (residual or active) as an associated finding in the patient's study. Evolution With the initial clinical, epidemiological and analytical data, and given the main suspicion of infection associated with OS material, with a chronic right pulmonary apex lesion, a sputum study was requested with Gram and auramine stains, standard and Löwestein-Jensen cultures; Mantoux; and serology for HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis. The smear microscopy showed no acid fast bacilli, the Mantoux test was positive (20 mm induration at 48 hours) and the serology was negative. The patient was scheduled for trauma surgery with complete removal of the OS material from the fibula, although 3 screws remained in the tibia, the removal of which was not possible, and the rest were successfully removed. The focus was cleaned with very abundant lavage, drainage and wound closure; intraoperative microbiological bone samples were taken and cultured in the usual media and also for mycobacteria, following the recommendation given by Microbiology, and despite the fact that this aetiological possibility was considered remote. After surgery, parenteral cloxacillin was started as empirical treatment. Cultures isolated methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus auerus (SAMS) in the 4 bone samples, so initial treatment was maintained and later changed to cefazolin due to recurrent phlebitis. He was discharged after 14 days of intravenous (iv) treatment with improvement of pain and inflammatory semiology and was then started on levofloxacin 500 mg every 12 hours orally (vo). Rifampicin was not associated with the treatment, pending receipt of the microbiological results for mycobacteria in order to rule out or confirm the coexistence of pulmonary TB, thus avoiding possible monotherapy with the latter. The first check-up in the Infectious Diseases department after discharge had to be brought forward due to the unexpected presence of positive smears in the bone samples. At the time, the results of the cultures for mycobacteria, which had grown in both respiratory and bone samples, were already available and were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, so anti-tuberculosis treatment was started with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol (RHZE) adjusted to weight (600/300/1,600/1,400 mg per day), and levofloxacin was maintained at the aforementioned dose. Genotypic studies showed no resistance to R (rpoB gene mutations) and H (katG and inhA) in bone samples. At present the antibiogram is pending and the patient continues on the same treatment (first two months). The appearance of the right leg is good, with slight swelling but no other associated inflammatory signs and a favourable radiological evolution. No side effects from the treatment have been observed. Final diagnosis Disseminated tuberculosis: - Non-bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis. - Bone tuberculosis associated with osteosynthesis material in the right tibia. Associated co-infection with S. aureus MS. Incomplete surgical treatment with partial removal of the material.
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"with", "amoxicillin", "/", "clavulanic", "acid", "and", "ciprofloxacin", "on", "an", "outpatient", "basis", "due", "to", "suspicion", "of", "infection", "at", "that", "level", "without", "improvement", ".", "In", "the", "anamnesis", "conducted", "by", "apparatus", "and", "systems", ",", "she", "denied", "any", "other", "associated", "clinical", "manifestations", ".", "On", "physical", "examination", "he", "was", "eupneic", "and", "afebrile", ",", "in", "acceptable", "general", "condition", "with", "good", "skin", "and", "mucous", "membrane", "colouring", ",", "blood", "pressure", "130", "/", "60", "mmHg", ",", "heart", "rate", "65", "bpm", "and", "baseline", "oxygen", "saturation", "97", "%", ".", "Weight", ":", "75", "kg", ".", "There", "was", "no", "oropharyngeal", "thrush", "and", "no", "peripheral", "lymphadenopathies", "were", "palpable", ".", "Cardiac", "and", "respiratory", "auscultation", "was", "normal", ".", "The", "abdomen", "was", "soft", "to", "palpation", ",", "non-painful", ",", "without", "masses", "or", "organomegaly", ".", "Oedematisation", "of", "the", "right", "ankle", "with", "the", "previously", "mentioned", "findings", ".", "There", "were", "no", "signs", "of", "deep", "vein", "thrombosis", ".", "Peripheral", "pulses", "were", "symmetrical", ".", "The", "neurological", "examination", "was", "normal", ".", "Initial", "complementary", "tests", "were", ":", "CBC", "with", "thrombocytosis", "(", "542", ",", "000", "/", "mm3", ")", ",", "haemoglobin", ",", "MCV", ",", "leukocyte", "count", "and", "formula", "were", "normal", ";", "blood", "glucose", "128", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "C-reactive", "protein", "9", ".", "06", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "with", "normal", "renal", "function", "and", "ions", ";", "coagulation", "not", "altered", "except", "fibrinogen", "of", "642", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "anteroposterior", "and", "lateral", "radiography", "of", "the", "right", "leg", "showing", "absence", "of", "consolidation", "of", "fracture", "of", "the", "distal", "epiphysis", "of", "the", "right", "tibia", "with", "heterogeneous", "radiological", "density", "at", "that", "level", ",", "fragmentation", "and", "mobilisation", "of", "at", "least", "3", "cortico-medullary", "screws", "in", "the", "tibia", ";", "and", "postero-posterior", "and", "lateral", "radiography", "of", "the", "right", "leg", "showing", "absence", "of", "consolidation", "of", "fracture", "of", "the", "distal", "epiphysis", "of", "the", "right", "tibia", "with", "heterogeneous", "radiological", "density", "at", "that", "level", ",", "fragmentation", "and", "mobilisation", "of", "at", "least", "3", "cortico-medullary", "screws", "in", "the", "tibia", ";", "and", "posteroanterior", "and", "lateral", "chest", "X-ray", "showing", "alveolar", "infiltrate", "in", "the", "right", "upper", "lobe", "similar", "to", "the", "one", "present", "in", "the", "previous", "study", ".", "Anteroposterior", "and", "lateral", "radiograph", "of", "the", "right", "leg", ":", "Absence", "of", "consolidation", "of", "fracture", "of", "the", "distal", "epiphysis", "of", "the", "tibia", ".", "Detachment", "of", "cortico-medullary", "screws", ".", "Posteroanterior", "chest", "X-ray", ":", "alveolar", "infiltrate", "in", "the", "right", "upper", "lobe", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "In", "summary", ",", "this", "is", "a", "patient", "with", "a", "fracture", "of", "the", "tibia", "and", "fibula", "reduced", "with", "OS", "material", "8", "months", "ago", "who", "consulted", "for", "swelling", "of", "the", "right", "ankle", "with", "fistulization", "to", "the", "skin", ".", "The", "X-ray", "shows", "the", "lack", "of", "consolidation", "of", "the", "fracture", "reduced", "with", "OS", "material", ",", "with", "fragmentation", "and", "migration", "of", "some", "elements", ",", "in", "addition", "to", "maintaining", "a", "radiological", "lesion", "in", "the", "right", "pulmonary", "apex", "throughout", "this", "process", "which", "has", "not", "changed", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "elevation", "of", "some", "acute", "phase", "reactants", "(", "CRP", ",", "platelets", ",", "fibrinogen", ")", ".", "The", "anamnesis", "highlights", "his", "country", "of", "origin", "(", "Romania", ")", "and", "the", "epidemiological", "history", "of", "living", "in", "poor", "sanitary", "conditions", "as", "well", "as", "chronic", "consumption", "of", "toxic", "substances", "(", "tobacco", "and", "alcohol", ")", ".", "Therefore", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "is", "centred", "around", "a", "pseudarthrosis", "(", "absence", "/", "delay", "of", "consolidation", "6-8", "months", "after", "reduction", "with", "MOS", ")", "whose", "risk", "factors", "are", "directly", "related", "to", "age", ",", "to", "certain", "systemic", "diseases", "(", "TB", ",", "syphilis", ",", "diabetes", ",", "hypothyrodism", ",", "osteopenia", ")", ",", "to", "local", "factors", "specific", "to", "the", "fracture", "(", "location", ",", "type", ",", "open", "/", "closed", ")", ",", "as", "well", "as", "to", "the", "treatment", "carried", "out", "on", "the", "fracture", "(", "failure", "in", "the", "reduction", ",", "immobilisation", ")", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "young", "and", "reported", "no", "constitutional", "symptoms", ",", "although", "he", "had", "risk", "factors", "for", "tuberculosis", "infection", "(", "country", "of", "origin", "of", "intermediate", "prevalence", ",", "alcoholism", ",", "destitution", ")", ",", "he", "was", "at", "risk", "of", "osteopenia", "due", "to", "the", "fact", "that", "he", "was", "a", "smoker", ",", "and", "his", "glycaemic", "and", "thyroid", "profiles", "were", "normal", ".", "The", "acute", "or", "subacute", "appearance", "of", "inflammatory", "symptoms", "after", "a", "paucisymptomatic", "post-reduction", "interval", ",", "accompanied", "by", "pain", "and", "purulent", "drainage", "to", "the", "skin", ",", "probably", "communicating", "with", "the", "implanted", "material", ",", "suggests", "the", "presence", "of", "osteomyelitis", "of", "the", "fracture", "with", "associated", "infection", "of", "the", "OS", "material", "as", "the", "first", "diagnostic", "suspicion", "and", "cause", "of", "non-union", ".", "However", ",", "we", "should", "not", "rule", "out", "other", "much", "less", "probable", "aetiologies", "for", "two", "reasons", ":", "1", ".", "Osteomyelitis", "is", "considered", "to", "be", "a", "great", "simulator", "since", "radiologically", "it", "can", "show", "a", "variable", "appearance", ",", "present", "in", "any", "location", ",", "etc", ".", "2", ".", "The", "existence", "of", "a", "chronic", "lung", "lesion", "of", "uncertain", "origin", ".", "Therefore", ",", "other", "possible", "aetiologies", "should", "be", "considered", "in", "the", "background", ":", "-", "Tumour", "(", "primary", "bone", ",", "plasmacytoma", ",", "metastatic", "with", "pulmonary", "primary", ")", ".", "-", "TB", "(", "apical", "pulmonary", "infiltrate", "that", "has", "not", "changed", "in", "the", "last", "8", "months", "and", "is", "asymptomatic", "and", "could", "correspond", "to", "a", "residual", "TB", "lesion", "or", "active", "TB", ")", ".", "-", "Mycosis", "(", "we", "do", "not", "know", "if", "the", "patient", "has", "any", "added", "acquired", "immunosuppression", "factor", ":", "HIV", "infection", ",", "neoplasia", ",", "etc", ".", ")", ".", "-", "Others", ":", "eosinophilic", "granuloma", ",", "sarcoidosis", ",", "histiocytoma", ".", ".", ".", "Our", "diagnostic", "hypothesis", "focused", ",", "on", "the", "one", "hand", ",", "on", "a", "tibial", "infection", "associated", "with", "OS", "material", "and", ",", "on", "the", "other", ",", "on", "pulmonary", "TB", "(", "residual", "or", "active", ")", "as", "an", "associated", "finding", "in", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "study", ".", "Evolution", "With", "the", "initial", "clinical", ",", "epidemiological", "and", "analytical", "data", ",", "and", "given", "the", "main", "suspicion", "of", "infection", "associated", "with", "OS", "material", ",", "with", "a", "chronic", "right", "pulmonary", "apex", "lesion", ",", "a", "sputum", "study", "was", "requested", "with", "Gram", "and", "auramine", "stains", ",", "standard", "and", "Löwestein-Jensen", "cultures", ";", "Mantoux", ";", "and", "serology", "for", "HIV", ",", "HBV", ",", "HCV", "and", "syphilis", ".", "The", "smear", "microscopy", "showed", "no", "acid", "fast", "bacilli", ",", "the", "Mantoux", "test", "was", "positive", "(", "20", "mm", "induration", "at", "48", "hours", ")", "and", "the", "serology", "was", "negative", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "scheduled", "for", "trauma", "surgery", "with", "complete", "removal", "of", "the", "OS", "material", "from", "the", "fibula", ",", "although", "3", "screws", "remained", "in", "the", "tibia", ",", "the", "removal", "of", "which", "was", "not", "possible", ",", "and", "the", "rest", "were", "successfully", "removed", ".", "The", "focus", "was", "cleaned", "with", "very", "abundant", "lavage", ",", "drainage", "and", "wound", "closure", ";", "intraoperative", "microbiological", "bone", "samples", "were", "taken", "and", "cultured", "in", "the", "usual", "media", "and", "also", "for", "mycobacteria", ",", "following", "the", "recommendation", "given", "by", "Microbiology", ",", "and", "despite", "the", "fact", "that", "this", "aetiological", "possibility", "was", "considered", "remote", ".", "After", "surgery", ",", "parenteral", "cloxacillin", "was", "started", "as", "empirical", "treatment", ".", "Cultures", "isolated", "methicillin-sensitive", "Staphylococcus", "auerus", "(", "SAMS", ")", "in", "the", "4", "bone", "samples", ",", "so", "initial", "treatment", "was", "maintained", "and", "later", "changed", "to", "cefazolin", "due", "to", "recurrent", "phlebitis", ".", "He", "was", "discharged", "after", "14", "days", "of", "intravenous", "(", "iv", ")", "treatment", "with", "improvement", "of", "pain", "and", "inflammatory", "semiology", "and", "was", "then", "started", "on", "levofloxacin", "500", "mg", "every", "12", "hours", "orally", "(", "vo", ")", ".", "Rifampicin", "was", "not", "associated", "with", "the", "treatment", ",", "pending", "receipt", "of", "the", "microbiological", "results", "for", "mycobacteria", "in", "order", "to", "rule", "out", "or", "confirm", "the", "coexistence", "of", "pulmonary", "TB", ",", "thus", "avoiding", "possible", "monotherapy", "with", "the", "latter", ".", "The", "first", "check-up", "in", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "department", "after", "discharge", "had", "to", "be", "brought", "forward", "due", "to", "the", "unexpected", "presence", "of", "positive", "smears", "in", "the", "bone", "samples", ".", "At", "the", "time", ",", "the", "results", "of", "the", "cultures", "for", "mycobacteria", ",", "which", "had", "grown", "in", "both", "respiratory", "and", "bone", "samples", ",", "were", "already", "available", "and", "were", "identified", "as", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "complex", ",", "so", "anti-tuberculosis", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "rifampicin", ",", "isoniazid", ",", "pyrazinamide", "and", "ethambutol", "(", "RHZE", ")", "adjusted", "to", "weight", "(", "600", "/", "300", "/", "1", ",", "600", "/", "1", ",", "400", "mg", "per", "day", ")", ",", "and", "levofloxacin", "was", "maintained", "at", "the", "aforementioned", "dose", ".", "Genotypic", "studies", "showed", "no", "resistance", "to", "R", "(", "rpoB", "gene", "mutations", ")", "and", "H", "(", "katG", "and", "inhA", ")", "in", "bone", "samples", ".", "At", "present", "the", "antibiogram", "is", "pending", "and", "the", "patient", "continues", "on", "the", "same", "treatment", "(", "first", "two", "months", ")", ".", "The", "appearance", "of", "the", "right", "leg", "is", "good", ",", "with", "slight", "swelling", "but", "no", "other", "associated", "inflammatory", "signs", "and", "a", "favourable", "radiological", "evolution", ".", "No", "side", "effects", "from", "the", "treatment", "have", "been", "observed", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Disseminated", "tuberculosis", ":", "-", "Non-bacillary", "pulmonary", "tuberculosis", ".", "-", "Bone", "tuberculosis", "associated", "with", "osteosynthesis", "material", "in", "the", "right", "tibia", ".", "Associated", "co-infection", "with", "S", ".", "aureus", "MS", ".", "Incomplete", "surgical", "treatment", "with", "partial", "removal", "of", "the", "material", "." ]
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[ { "text": "male patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 14, "end": 26 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 19, "end": 26 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 217, "end": 225 }, { "text": "vaccination", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 440, "end": 451 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 3479, "end": 3486 }, { "text": "tobacco", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4175, "end": 4182 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 4645, "end": 4652 }, { "text": "syphilis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4420, "end": 4428 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6016, "end": 6019 }, { "text": "mycobacteria", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 7900, "end": 7912 }, { "text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 8359, "end": 8393 }, { "text": "mycobacteria", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 8245, "end": 8257 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 8765, "end": 8772 } ]
en
Scope of the case We present a clinical case about the outpatient management of a patient with heart failure, in which specialists in Family and Community Medicine participate, avoiding unnecessary admission to the patient. Reason for consultation Decompensated heart failure, dyspnoea at rest. Individual approach (anamnesis, examination, complementary tests) Anamnesis: 76-year-old male. Family history of no interest. No known drug allergies. Ex-smoker with onset in youth and until 13 years ago, 10 cigarettes a day (ICAT 23 packs/year). Dyspnoea grade III/IV mMRC (not assessed by Pneumology). AHT and type 2 DM on treatment with oral antidiabetics, with target organ involvement (retinopathy and stage 3 renal failure being monitored by Nephrology, last review in August 2019). Chronic disorder anaemia. Past infection with Hepatitis B virus (positive anti-core and anti-HBs antibodies). Depressive syndrome. The patient attended in the last month with increased demand, due to worsening of his depressive symptoms, with intense asthenia, which the patient attributed to his depression. However, on consultation, the patient reported dyspnoea on slight exertion, with a clear worsening of his baseline dyspnoea, as well as oedema with fovea in both lower limbs from the distal third to the middle and orthopanea on three pillows. Physical examination: good general condition, tachypneic at rest, well hydrated and perfused. Normal colour. Auscultation: rhythmic heart tones with systolic murmurs in aortic focus III/IV. Good vesicular murmur with coarse crackles from the base to the middle. Abdomen: soft and depressible, no masses, no megaliths, not painful on palpation, no signs of peritoneal irritation. Lower limbs: oedema with pitting up to the middle third. Neurological: oriented in the three spheres, upper functions preserved. No neurological focality. Complementary tests: BP: 145/90 HR: 104 bpm. O2 saturation: 98% A/A ECG: sinus rhythm at 72 bpm, left axis, PR without alterations, narrow QRS with signs of left ventricular hypertrophy. No acute ischaemic alterations Chest X-ray: well inspired, with cardiothoracic index within upper limits, without increased density, with costophrenic sinus impingement and bilateral pleural effusion with signs of cardiac congestion. Post-treatment chest X-ray: well inspired, with cardiothoracic index within upper limits, no increase in density, and preserved costophrenic sinuses. Family and community approach Patient aged 73 years, independent for basic activities of daily living, manages money and medication, upper functions preserved and Barthel 75 points, with good family support. High socio-economic level. Action plan and evolution After evaluation of the examination, it was decided to perform an urgent chest X-ray and urgent analysis for the following morning, once the pleural effusion was visualised, and the results of the analysis with atrial natriuretic pro peptide, it was decided to increase the Furosemide 40 mg orally, from 1 to 2 and a half tablets a day, and to return to the clinic after 3 days for re-evaluation. After three days, the patient returned to the clinic, with a clear reduction in oedema in both lower limbs. An urgent control X-ray was ordered. The X-ray showed great clinical improvement in the patient, without visualisation of pleural effusion, as well as the patient's dyspnoea. After re-evaluating the patient, the dose of furosemide was gradually reduced, explaining to the patient the need for correct adherence to the treatment, as well as hygiene and dietary measures and daily weighing. After 10 days of intensive depletive treatment, we saw the patient again and observed complete resolution of the symptoms, with total disappearance of oedema in the lower limbs, as well as good pulmonary auscultation and no visualisation of pleural effusion. Months later, the patient presented good control of his chronic pathologies in consultation.
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"145", "/", "90", "HR", ":", "104", "bpm", ".", "O2", "saturation", ":", "98", "%", "A", "/", "A", "ECG", ":", "sinus", "rhythm", "at", "72", "bpm", ",", "left", "axis", ",", "PR", "without", "alterations", ",", "narrow", "QRS", "with", "signs", "of", "left", "ventricular", "hypertrophy", ".", "No", "acute", "ischaemic", "alterations", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "well", "inspired", ",", "with", "cardiothoracic", "index", "within", "upper", "limits", ",", "without", "increased", "density", ",", "with", "costophrenic", "sinus", "impingement", "and", "bilateral", "pleural", "effusion", "with", "signs", "of", "cardiac", "congestion", ".", "Post-treatment", "chest", "X-ray", ":", "well", "inspired", ",", "with", "cardiothoracic", "index", "within", "upper", "limits", ",", "no", "increase", "in", "density", ",", "and", "preserved", "costophrenic", "sinuses", ".", "Family", "and", "community", "approach", "Patient", "aged", "73", "years", ",", "independent", "for", "basic", "activities", "of", "daily", "living", ",", "manages", "money", "and", "medication", ",", "upper", "functions", "preserved", "and", "Barthel", "75", "points", ",", "with", "good", "family", "support", ".", "High", "socio-economic", "level", ".", "Action", "plan", "and", "evolution", "After", "evaluation", "of", "the", "examination", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "an", "urgent", "chest", "X-ray", "and", "urgent", "analysis", "for", "the", "following", "morning", ",", "once", "the", "pleural", "effusion", "was", "visualised", ",", "and", "the", "results", "of", "the", "analysis", "with", "atrial", "natriuretic", "pro", "peptide", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "increase", "the", "Furosemide", "40", "mg", "orally", ",", "from", "1", "to", "2", "and", "a", "half", "tablets", "a", "day", ",", "and", "to", "return", "to", "the", "clinic", "after", "3", "days", "for", "re-evaluation", ".", "After", "three", "days", ",", "the", "patient", "returned", "to", "the", "clinic", ",", "with", "a", "clear", "reduction", "in", "oedema", "in", "both", "lower", "limbs", ".", "An", "urgent", "control", "X-ray", "was", "ordered", ".", "The", "X-ray", "showed", "great", "clinical", "improvement", "in", "the", "patient", ",", "without", "visualisation", "of", "pleural", "effusion", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "dyspnoea", ".", "After", "re-evaluating", "the", "patient", ",", "the", "dose", "of", "furosemide", "was", "gradually", "reduced", ",", "explaining", "to", "the", "patient", "the", "need", "for", "correct", "adherence", "to", "the", "treatment", ",", "as", "well", "as", "hygiene", "and", "dietary", "measures", "and", "daily", "weighing", ".", "After", "10", "days", "of", "intensive", "depletive", "treatment", ",", "we", "saw", "the", "patient", "again", "and", "observed", "complete", "resolution", "of", "the", "symptoms", ",", "with", "total", "disappearance", "of", "oedema", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", ",", "as", "well", "as", "good", "pulmonary", "auscultation", "and", "no", "visualisation", "of", "pleural", "effusion", ".", "Months", "later", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "good", "control", "of", "his", "chronic", "pathologies", "in", "consultation", "." ]
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en
This is an 8-year-old male schoolboy, originally from and resident of Mexico City, Mexico, who presents with a dermatosis located on the right thoracic limb affecting the hand and the centre of the palm, unilateral, asymmetrical, consisting of a circular hyperchromic plaque, with fine and oily scales on its surface, with irregular limits of 3 cm dm, dark grey in colour, with a chronic and asymptomatic evolution. On interrogation, he reported having started his condition 6 months ago, after a trip to the port of Acapulco, Guerrero, with a dark spot that has been growing. The rest of the skin and adnexa are free of pathological findings. She denies other important antecedents. With the clinical diagnosis of tinea nigra palmaris, she was sent to the Mycology Service where direct examination of the scales with 10% KOH (potassium hydroxide) showed thick, septate, branched, olivaceous hyphae, some with hyaline endings; and the Sabouraud culture showed black colonies with a waxy appearance. Direct mycological examination showed septate, branched, olivaceous hyphae, some with hyaline endings. The final diagnosis was tinea nigra palmaris, and treatment was started with 20% urea and isoconazole cream once daily. The dermatosis resolved within two weeks. The clinical diagnosis of tinea nigra palmaris in our patient was suspected due to the typical arrangement of a black spot on the palm and the recent trip to the Pacific coast of our country, as this dematiaceous fungus is common to develop in these areas. The causal agent is Cladosporium werneckii.
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en
Reason for consultation Management of a family member with total dependency. Individual approach (anamnesis, examination, complementary tests). A 51 year old male patient with no pathological history of interest came to the clinic to renew his wife's medication. We reviewed the patient's previous analyses and ascertained that he had leukocytosis with a left shift in two previous analyses and we indicated that he should repeat the analyses. The patient is completely asymptomatic at the present time. No B symptoms are present. In the last year he has had two episodes of gouty arthritis in the first phalanx of the right foot that have resolved with NSAIDs and colchicine. In September 2015 she had a haemogram with 16650/μL leukocytes at the expense of neutrophils (13020/μL), in March 2016 they dropped to 12160/μL (neutrophils 8950/μL). Physical examination: BP 120/80 sat 98% aa HR 70 FR 16 Normal oral cavity. No palpable submandibular or supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, neither in the axillary region nor in the inguinal region. Cardiopulmonary auscultation: rhythmic tones without murmurs, preserved vesicular murmur without added noises. Abdomen: soft, depressible, not painful on palpation, no masses or visceromegaly. Extremities normal with no oedema. Complementary tests (June 2017): - CBC: leukocytes 15555/μL (neutrophils 11150/μL and basophils 3600/μL), rest of normal formula. - Biochemistry: uric acid 8, LDH 450. Rest within normal parameters. - Peripheral blood smear: leukocytosis with deviation to the left: myelocytes 3% metamyelocytes 5% keys 8% basophilia proven 4%. - Serology HCV negative, CMV negative, HIV negative, Parvovirus B19 IgG positive, IgM negative, HBsAg negative, anti-HBsAg negative. - Antinuclear antibody negative - Positive extractable nuclear antigen antibody - Proteinogram: within normal values Family and Community Approach M is the husband and primary caregiver of another patient in our caseload aged 49 years who is in a vegetative state after suffering a severe subarachnoid haemorrhage 10 years ago. M is completely involved in his wife's care and always comes to our practice for care arrangements. My tutor and I regularly come to assess his wife at home. M is not a consultant and, despite the numerous occasions on which we have seen him for consultations regarding his wife, he hardly has any consultation sheets open. His daily concern and effort is in the impeccable care of his wife. He underestimates her state of health and his own problems. M is a compliant and cooperative patient but sometimes misses blood draws or appointments because he puts his wife's care before his own health. It is extremely difficult to deal with psychological issues regarding the recent diagnosis of his illness because for him it is not a problem, for him it would only be a problem if something were to happen to his wife, even though she has been disconnected from the environment for years. Clinical judgement (list of problems, referential diagnosis) Leukocytosis with sustained neutrophilia under study. Psychosocial problems of the main caregiver of a highly dependent patient. Action plan Given the results obtained in the peripheral blood smear and the sustained leukocytosis, the patient was referred to the haematology and haemotherapy department. Evolution The haematology and haemotherapy consultation completed the study and the patient was diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukaemia. In November 2017, treatment with chemotherapy was started, prescribing Hydrea at a dose of 1000 mg alternating with 500 mg as, although he was asymptomatic, the leukocyte count had risen to 46480/μL with a neutrophilia of 84000/μL, and thrombocytosis of 404000/μL. In addition, allopurinol 300 mg at breakfast and abundant hydration were prescribed due to hyperuricaemia caused by cell lysis (uric acid 8). At the review appointment, the leukocyte formula remained at similar levels, so they modified the treatment and started nilotinib 300 mg every 12 hours. The latter treatment was well tolerated and effective. The patient is currently asymptomatic and has a normal leukocyte count: leukocytes 8700/μL neutrophils 6500/μL and platelets 300000/μL.
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Male patient aged 31 years, construction worker. No known drug allergies, ex-smoker of half a packet/day for 5 years, not a heavy drinker, not a consumer of other toxic substances. No significant personal or family history. History, current illness and physical examination Previously asymptomatic, he presented with intense pain, coldness and generalised pallor in the left hand of sudden onset (without previous trauma) while carrying out his daily tasks, for which he consulted his health centre. As no radial or ulnar pulse was found, the patient was referred to our hospital where he was assessed in the emergency department by Vascular Surgery, which documented acute occlusion of the humeral artery, which led to an urgent embolectomy without incident, embolic material was sent for pathological anatomy and a cardiological assessment and echocardiography were requested. On physical examination the patient was in good general condition, conscious, oriented and cooperative. Well hydrated and perfused, eupneic at rest and tolerating decubitus. Afebrile, BP 110/70, HR 70xmin, normal cardiopulmonary auscultation, no signs of heart failure. Embolectomy wound in MSI with no data of complication. The rest of the physical examination was completely normal. A transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed at the bedside showing a mass in the lateral wall of the left atrium and the patient was admitted to Cardiology for further study. Complementary tests - CBC: Complete blood count, coagulation and profiles with no data of note. - Electrocardiogram: Sinus rhythm maintained, no repolarisation alterations, conduction disorders or findings suggestive of cavity growth. - Chest X-ray: Normal cardiac silhouette. Absence of congestive pattern, no pleural effusion. No space-occupying images in lung parenchyma. - Echocardiography TT/TE + ECO 3D: Mass of 40x27 mm occupying the entire left atrial appendage, protruding out of it towards the atrium, with irregular borders with some areas of greater echogenicity suggesting fibrosis and on the atrial surface there is a filamentous and mobile extension of 12 mm with characteristics of high embolic risk. The left pulmonary veins are not invaded, with normal flow. The ADA and ACX are seen in the AV groove below the atrial appendage, without being invaded. Normal mitral valve, aortic valve and right valves. Left ventricle of normal dimensions, wall thickness and contractility. Normal right chambers. No pericardial effusion. - Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Tissue formation in the left atrium that completely occupies the atrial appendage and extends into the atrial cavity as a vegetative mass with well-defined contours, attached to the upper and lateral wall. It measures approximately 4cm in its maximum axis which is craniocaudal. In the four-chamber plane it measures approximately 34x27mm. Although it is adjacent to the pulmonary ostium, these remain patent. It is not related to the mitral valve or the interatrial septum. It has homogeneous and intermediate signal intensity in all sequences. In the late enhancement sequences, annular peripheral fine enhancement is found, which can be observed in myxomas. No alterations in thickness and segmental and global contractility or alterations in tissue signal or late enhancement in myocardium. No cardiovascular anatomical alterations. Clinical evolution During his stay on the hospital ward, the patient remained asymptomatic and without incident. In the imaging tests mentioned above, a differential diagnosis was made between atrial myxoma of atypical location vs. thrombus. In the pathological anatomy study of embolic material, high-grade cellular atypia suggestive of malignant neoplasia was found. Cardiac surgery was consulted and the case was accepted for resection of the mass under extracorporeal circulation and the procedure was carried out without complications. The intraoperative pathological anatomy study confirmed high-grade dysplasia, and the left atrial appendage was resected over its entire length, achieving lesion-free margins. During his stay in the ICU he evolved favourably without incident and after stabilisation he was transferred to the cardiac surgery ward. The definitive pathological anatomy study of the resected mass was reported as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, an extension study was performed with thoracoabdominal CT where no metastatic lesions were documented and it was decided to discharge him on anticoagulation and to carry out out outpatient follow-up with Oncology. Two weeks after surgery, the patient was readmitted for clinical manifestations compatible with embolic stroke secondary to tandem occlusion of the left internal carotid artery and left middle cerebral artery. He was successfully treated by mechanical thrombectomy and the patient was left without residual neurological deficit; the pathological anatomy study of the embolic material confirmed its tumoural aetiology. He was subsequently admitted to Oncology, and a repeat TTE and extension study (cranial MRI, thoracoabdominal CT and bone scintigraphy) was carried out, documenting recurrence of the mass in the left atrium with similar size and characteristics to those described in the pre-surgical study and the presence of brain, lung, liver, adrenal and bone metastases. Chemotherapy with adriamycin was started. Despite chemotherapy treatment, the patient had an unfavourable evolution and died three months after the initial diagnosis was made. Diagnosis - Undifferentiated pleomorphic cardiac sarcoma with early recurrence after surgical resection. - Rapidly progressive multiple metastatic disease.
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"protruding", "out", "of", "it", "towards", "the", "atrium", ",", "with", "irregular", "borders", "with", "some", "areas", "of", "greater", "echogenicity", "suggesting", "fibrosis", "and", "on", "the", "atrial", "surface", "there", "is", "a", "filamentous", "and", "mobile", "extension", "of", "12", "mm", "with", "characteristics", "of", "high", "embolic", "risk", ".", "The", "left", "pulmonary", "veins", "are", "not", "invaded", ",", "with", "normal", "flow", ".", "The", "ADA", "and", "ACX", "are", "seen", "in", "the", "AV", "groove", "below", "the", "atrial", "appendage", ",", "without", "being", "invaded", ".", "Normal", "mitral", "valve", ",", "aortic", "valve", "and", "right", "valves", ".", "Left", "ventricle", "of", "normal", "dimensions", ",", "wall", "thickness", "and", "contractility", ".", "Normal", "right", "chambers", ".", "No", "pericardial", "effusion", ".", "-", "Cardiac", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", ":", "Tissue", "formation", "in", "the", "left", "atrium", "that", "completely", "occupies", "the", "atrial", "appendage", "and", "extends", "into", "the", "atrial", "cavity", "as", "a", "vegetative", "mass", "with", "well-defined", "contours", ",", "attached", "to", "the", "upper", "and", "lateral", "wall", ".", "It", "measures", "approximately", "4cm", "in", "its", "maximum", "axis", "which", "is", "craniocaudal", ".", "In", "the", "four-chamber", "plane", "it", "measures", "approximately", "34x27mm", ".", "Although", "it", "is", "adjacent", "to", "the", "pulmonary", "ostium", ",", "these", "remain", "patent", ".", "It", "is", "not", "related", "to", "the", "mitral", "valve", "or", "the", "interatrial", "septum", ".", "It", "has", "homogeneous", "and", "intermediate", "signal", "intensity", "in", "all", "sequences", ".", "In", "the", "late", "enhancement", "sequences", ",", "annular", "peripheral", "fine", "enhancement", "is", "found", ",", "which", "can", "be", "observed", "in", "myxomas", ".", "No", "alterations", "in", "thickness", "and", "segmental", "and", "global", "contractility", "or", "alterations", "in", "tissue", "signal", "or", "late", "enhancement", "in", "myocardium", ".", "No", "cardiovascular", "anatomical", "alterations", ".", "Clinical", "evolution", "During", "his", "stay", "on", "the", "hospital", "ward", ",", "the", "patient", "remained", "asymptomatic", "and", "without", "incident", ".", "In", "the", "imaging", "tests", "mentioned", "above", ",", "a", "differential", "diagnosis", "was", "made", "between", "atrial", "myxoma", "of", "atypical", "location", "vs", ".", "thrombus", ".", "In", "the", "pathological", "anatomy", "study", "of", "embolic", "material", ",", "high-grade", "cellular", "atypia", "suggestive", "of", "malignant", "neoplasia", "was", "found", ".", "Cardiac", "surgery", "was", "consulted", "and", "the", "case", "was", "accepted", "for", "resection", "of", "the", "mass", "under", "extracorporeal", "circulation", "and", "the", "procedure", "was", "carried", "out", "without", "complications", ".", "The", "intraoperative", "pathological", "anatomy", "study", "confirmed", "high-grade", "dysplasia", ",", "and", "the", "left", "atrial", "appendage", "was", "resected", "over", "its", "entire", "length", ",", "achieving", "lesion-free", "margins", ".", "During", "his", "stay", "in", "the", "ICU", "he", "evolved", "favourably", "without", "incident", "and", "after", "stabilisation", "he", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "cardiac", "surgery", "ward", ".", "The", "definitive", "pathological", "anatomy", "study", "of", "the", "resected", "mass", "was", "reported", "as", "undifferentiated", "pleomorphic", "sarcoma", ",", "an", "extension", "study", "was", "performed", "with", "thoracoabdominal", "CT", "where", "no", "metastatic", "lesions", "were", "documented", "and", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "discharge", "him", "on", "anticoagulation", "and", "to", "carry", "out", "out", "outpatient", "follow-up", "with", "Oncology", ".", "Two", "weeks", "after", "surgery", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "readmitted", "for", "clinical", "manifestations", "compatible", "with", "embolic", "stroke", "secondary", "to", "tandem", "occlusion", "of", "the", "left", "internal", "carotid", "artery", "and", "left", "middle", "cerebral", "artery", ".", "He", "was", "successfully", "treated", "by", "mechanical", "thrombectomy", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "left", "without", "residual", "neurological", "deficit", ";", "the", "pathological", "anatomy", "study", "of", "the", "embolic", "material", "confirmed", "its", "tumoural", "aetiology", ".", "He", "was", "subsequently", "admitted", "to", "Oncology", ",", "and", "a", "repeat", "TTE", "and", "extension", "study", "(", "cranial", "MRI", ",", "thoracoabdominal", "CT", "and", "bone", "scintigraphy", ")", "was", "carried", "out", ",", "documenting", "recurrence", "of", "the", "mass", "in", "the", "left", "atrium", "with", "similar", "size", "and", "characteristics", "to", "those", "described", "in", "the", "pre-surgical", "study", "and", "the", "presence", "of", "brain", ",", "lung", ",", "liver", ",", "adrenal", "and", "bone", "metastases", ".", "Chemotherapy", "with", "adriamycin", "was", "started", ".", "Despite", "chemotherapy", "treatment", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "an", "unfavourable", "evolution", "and", "died", "three", "months", "after", "the", "initial", "diagnosis", "was", "made", ".", "Diagnosis", "-", "Undifferentiated", "pleomorphic", "cardiac", "sarcoma", "with", "early", "recurrence", "after", "surgical", "resection", ".", "-", "Rapidly", "progressive", "multiple", "metastatic", "disease", "." ]
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en
The patient, a 43-year-old male, came to our hospital with a fever of five days' evolution together with pain in the right hemiabdomen. He had no medical history of interest, and had only been admitted on one previous occasion due to a perianal fistula. He was not undergoing regular treatment and had no known drug allergies. He had a smoking habit of one pack a day, but did not consume alcohol or other intoxicants. She had no pets and denied recent exposure to animals. He also reported no risky sexual activities. The patient worked as an agricultural engineer, frequently travelling abroad for work. The symptoms started on the return flight after a trip to California, where he had stayed for three days. During his stay, the patient had slept in a hotel, had no contact with animals or known insect bites, and had not eaten raw products. On that flight, he started with a fever of up to 39oC together with sweating, chills and intermittent pain in the right hemiabdomen. He reported no urinary or respiratory symptoms at the time, although he had dark urine colouring. Once back in Spain, the patient attended the emergency department of our centre due to persistent fever, but after a normal physical examination and improvement with symptomatic treatment, he was discharged. However, two days later, as the fever did not abate, he consulted again and was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department for further investigation. At that time, the patient was in good general condition, with a temperature of 38oC and normal vital signs. Physical examination revealed scleral jaundice, with pain on palpation of the epigastrium and right hemiabdomen, with positive Blumberg's and Murphy's signs, indicative of peritoneal irritation. She had a small wound with no signs of superinfection on her right hand, which she reported had been caused by a strawberry plant a fortnight earlier. Laboratory tests showed normal levels of electrolytes, calcium, creatinine, glucose and urea. The haemogram revealed lymphopenia of 250 x103 cells/μL and cholestasis pattern with total bilirubin of 2.59 mg/dl, GOT of 71.50 U/L, GPT of 73.60 U/L and C-reactive protein (CRP) 264.24mg/l. The plain abdominal X-ray showed no notable abnormalities. Differential diagnosis. In the case of a patient with fever and abdominal pain after a recent trip, the diagnostic process will consider whether or not the infection is related to the trip itself, as well as the common causes of infection that are distributed worldwide in developed countries1,2 . At the beginning of the diagnostic process, the severity of the condition should be assessed, which will determine the need for hospitalisation, as well as the possible risk of transmission. It is important to note that there are other non-infectious pathologies that may also be accompanied by fever, such as thrombophlebitis or pulmonary embolism in the "economy class syndrome", or drug-induced fever. Therefore, in this case, within the differential diagnosis of a patient with fever and acute onset abdominal pain, "common" or non-travel-related causes should be ruled out, considering liver, spleen and biliary tract diseases, such as acute cholecystitis (lithiasis or alliasis), or acute cholangitis, as well as hepatic or splenic abscess, or septic thrombophlebitis. Other gastrointestinal diseases that should be ruled out are acute appendicitis, acute diverticulitis and ischaemic colitis. The presence of a possible intra-abdominal abscess with secondary peritonitis should also be considered. However, taking into account the epidemiological background of the trip, which was not to a developing country, and the short incubation period (the symptoms appeared during the return flight), with digestive symptoms, the possibility of leptospirosis or acute hepatitis A and B should be considered. In addition, given that the patient had been in a rural environment, given the risk of arthropod or tick bites, rickettsiosis, borreliosis and Q fever should be ruled out. Other diseases to consider in a patient with febrile syndrome, abdominal pain and a recent trip are malaria, dengue and yellow fever in the case of mosquito bites; and trypanosomiasis, leishamiasis and bartolenosis in the case of a fly bite. The risk of these diseases will be determined by the origin of the traveller and the incubation time. In the case of our patient, the origin of California does not constitute a risk area for the contagion of these diseases. If the patient had consumed unsafe water or raw food, it would be necessary to rule out enterobacterial infections such as Salmonella spp. or parasitic infections, although he did not present eosinophilia: helminths (Ascaris spp, Trichinella spp, Taenia solium...) and protozoa (Toxoplasma, Entamoeba histolytica...). It would also be necessary to consider the diagnosis of listeriosis and salmonellosis, which are more likely in the case of consumption of unpasteurised dairy products. Our patient had initially denied eating raw food or drinking water. Finally, although the patient did not report contact with animals, the fact that he came from a rural and forestry area should be considered in the differential diagnosis of entities such as brucellosis, tularaemia and plague, among others. Evolution On admission, blood cultures were taken and treatment was started with ceftriaxone 1 gram intravenous (iv) daily, metronizadol 500 mg iv every 8 hours and doxycycline 100 mg orally every 12 hours. Serology for Rickettsia spp, Coxiella spp. (ELISA), as well as cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis A and B, Epstein Barr virus (EBV), all of which were negative. An abdominal CT scan without contrast (abdominal CT scan without contrast: presence of gas in the portal venous system and splenomegaly of 17 cm in diameter, with two non-specific nodular hypodense images of approximately 1 and 1.5 cm) was performed, which showed gas in the portal venous system, affecting practically the entire left hepatic lobe, part of the right, as well as some mesenteric vessels, a finding that could be related to pylephlebitis. In addition, there was splenomegaly of 17 cm in diameter, with two non-specific nodular hypodense images of approximately 1 and 1.5 cm, respectively, which could correspond to two abscesses. A tubular image with wall thickening and increased density was evident in the hypogastrium, which was reported as probable Meckel's diverticulitis. After 24 hours the patient's clinical condition worsened, with persistent fever, abdominal pain and elevated inflammatory parameters. For this reason, he was evaluated by the general surgeons and urgent surgery was decided. It was decided to perform exploratory laparoscopy, finding purulent free fluid in both subphrenic and Douglas spaces, with an image of diverticula about 30 cm long in the proximity of the ileocaecal valve, inflamed and in intimate contact with the ileum wall, which nevertheless appeared to have an independent meso. It was decided to perform an ileal resection (removal of the piece to perform the extracorporeal anastomosis, appreciating the duplicated and inflamed intestinal segment) including the inflamed intestinal segment with latero-lateral anastomosis through a Pfanestiel incision to assist the laparoscopic approach. No alterations were seen at the splenic level. Intraoperative cultures were all negative and the biopsy of the surgical specimen showed a significant, ulcerative and congestive inflammatory infiltration of a segment of small bowel in relation to an intestinal duplicity. After surgery the patient remained stable with improvement of inflammatory parameters. Doxycycline was discontinued, continuing treatment with ceftriaxone and metronidazole at equal doses for two more weeks. The patient experienced a complicated postoperative period with paralytic ileus and the appearance of an enterocutaneous fistula, which subsequently resolved. After four weeks of hospitalisation, the patient was discharged, being reviewed two weeks later in the outpatient clinic, with good general condition and normal laboratory tests. Final diagnosis Portal pneumatosis and pylephlebitis, secondary to inflammation of intestinal duplication.
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"on", "the", "return", "flight", "after", "a", "trip", "to", "California", ",", "where", "he", "had", "stayed", "for", "three", "days", ".", "During", "his", "stay", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "slept", "in", "a", "hotel", ",", "had", "no", "contact", "with", "animals", "or", "known", "insect", "bites", ",", "and", "had", "not", "eaten", "raw", "products", ".", "On", "that", "flight", ",", "he", "started", "with", "a", "fever", "of", "up", "to", "39oC", "together", "with", "sweating", ",", "chills", "and", "intermittent", "pain", "in", "the", "right", "hemiabdomen", ".", "He", "reported", "no", "urinary", "or", "respiratory", "symptoms", "at", "the", "time", ",", "although", "he", "had", "dark", "urine", "colouring", ".", "Once", "back", "in", "Spain", ",", "the", "patient", "attended", "the", "emergency", "department", "of", "our", "centre", "due", "to", "persistent", "fever", ",", "but", "after", "a", "normal", "physical", "examination", "and", "improvement", "with", "symptomatic", "treatment", ",", "he", "was", "discharged", ".", "However", ",", "two", "days", "later", ",", "as", "the", "fever", "did", "not", "abate", ",", "he", "consulted", "again", "and", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Department", "for", "further", "investigation", ".", "At", "that", "time", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "with", "a", "temperature", "of", "38oC", "and", "normal", "vital", "signs", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "scleral", "jaundice", ",", "with", "pain", "on", "palpation", "of", "the", "epigastrium", "and", "right", "hemiabdomen", ",", "with", "positive", "Blumberg", "'", "s", "and", "Murphy", "'", "s", "signs", ",", "indicative", "of", "peritoneal", "irritation", ".", "She", "had", "a", "small", "wound", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "superinfection", "on", "her", "right", "hand", ",", "which", "she", "reported", "had", "been", "caused", "by", "a", "strawberry", "plant", "a", "fortnight", "earlier", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "normal", "levels", "of", "electrolytes", ",", "calcium", ",", "creatinine", ",", "glucose", "and", "urea", ".", "The", "haemogram", "revealed", "lymphopenia", "of", "250", "x103", "cells", "/", "μL", "and", "cholestasis", "pattern", "with", "total", "bilirubin", "of", "2", ".", "59", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "GOT", "of", "71", ".", "50", "U", "/", "L", ",", "GPT", "of", "73", ".", "60", "U", "/", "L", "and", "C-reactive", "protein", "(", "CRP", ")", "264", ".", "24mg", "/", "l", ".", "The", "plain", "abdominal", "X-ray", "showed", "no", "notable", "abnormalities", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", ".", "In", "the", "case", "of", "a", "patient", "with", "fever", "and", "abdominal", "pain", "after", "a", "recent", "trip", ",", "the", "diagnostic", "process", "will", "consider", "whether", "or", "not", "the", "infection", "is", "related", "to", "the", "trip", "itself", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "common", "causes", "of", "infection", "that", "are", "distributed", "worldwide", "in", "developed", "countries1", ",", "2", ".", "At", "the", "beginning", "of", "the", "diagnostic", "process", ",", "the", "severity", "of", "the", "condition", "should", "be", "assessed", ",", "which", "will", "determine", "the", "need", "for", "hospitalisation", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "possible", "risk", "of", "transmission", ".", "It", "is", "important", "to", "note", "that", "there", "are", "other", "non-infectious", "pathologies", "that", "may", "also", "be", "accompanied", "by", "fever", ",", "such", "as", "thrombophlebitis", "or", "pulmonary", "embolism", "in", "the", "\"", "economy", "class", "syndrome", "\"", ",", "or", "drug-induced", "fever", ".", "Therefore", ",", "in", "this", "case", ",", "within", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "of", "a", "patient", "with", "fever", "and", "acute", "onset", "abdominal", "pain", ",", "\"", "common", "\"", "or", "non-travel-related", "causes", "should", "be", "ruled", "out", ",", "considering", "liver", ",", "spleen", "and", "biliary", "tract", "diseases", ",", "such", "as", "acute", "cholecystitis", "(", "lithiasis", "or", "alliasis", ")", ",", "or", "acute", "cholangitis", ",", "as", "well", "as", "hepatic", "or", "splenic", "abscess", ",", "or", "septic", "thrombophlebitis", ".", "Other", "gastrointestinal", "diseases", "that", "should", "be", "ruled", "out", "are", "acute", "appendicitis", ",", "acute", "diverticulitis", "and", "ischaemic", "colitis", ".", "The", "presence", "of", "a", "possible", "intra-abdominal", "abscess", "with", "secondary", "peritonitis", "should", "also", "be", "considered", ".", "However", ",", "taking", "into", "account", "the", "epidemiological", "background", "of", "the", "trip", ",", "which", "was", "not", "to", "a", "developing", "country", ",", "and", "the", "short", "incubation", "period", "(", "the", "symptoms", "appeared", "during", "the", "return", "flight", ")", ",", "with", "digestive", "symptoms", ",", "the", "possibility", "of", "leptospirosis", "or", "acute", "hepatitis", "A", "and", "B", "should", "be", "considered", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "given", "that", "the", "patient", "had", "been", "in", "a", "rural", "environment", ",", "given", "the", "risk", "of", "arthropod", "or", "tick", "bites", ",", "rickettsiosis", ",", "borreliosis", "and", "Q", "fever", "should", "be", "ruled", "out", ".", "Other", "diseases", "to", "consider", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "febrile", "syndrome", ",", "abdominal", "pain", "and", "a", "recent", "trip", "are", "malaria", ",", "dengue", "and", "yellow", "fever", "in", "the", "case", "of", "mosquito", "bites", ";", "and", "trypanosomiasis", ",", "leishamiasis", "and", "bartolenosis", "in", "the", "case", "of", "a", "fly", "bite", ".", "The", "risk", "of", "these", "diseases", "will", "be", "determined", "by", "the", "origin", "of", "the", "traveller", "and", "the", "incubation", "time", ".", "In", "the", "case", "of", "our", "patient", ",", "the", "origin", "of", "California", "does", "not", "constitute", "a", "risk", "area", "for", "the", "contagion", "of", "these", "diseases", ".", "If", "the", "patient", "had", "consumed", "unsafe", "water", "or", "raw", "food", ",", "it", "would", "be", "necessary", "to", "rule", "out", "enterobacterial", "infections", "such", "as", "Salmonella", "spp", ".", "or", "parasitic", "infections", ",", "although", "he", "did", "not", "present", "eosinophilia", ":", "helminths", "(", "Ascaris", "spp", ",", "Trichinella", "spp", ",", "Taenia", "solium", ".", ".", ".", ")", "and", "protozoa", "(", "Toxoplasma", ",", "Entamoeba", "histolytica", ".", ".", ".", ")", ".", "It", "would", "also", "be", "necessary", "to", "consider", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "listeriosis", "and", "salmonellosis", ",", "which", "are", "more", "likely", "in", "the", "case", "of", "consumption", "of", "unpasteurised", "dairy", "products", ".", "Our", "patient", "had", "initially", "denied", "eating", "raw", "food", "or", "drinking", "water", ".", "Finally", ",", "although", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "report", "contact", "with", "animals", ",", "the", "fact", "that", "he", "came", "from", "a", "rural", "and", "forestry", "area", "should", "be", "considered", "in", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "of", "entities", "such", "as", "brucellosis", ",", "tularaemia", "and", "plague", ",", "among", "others", ".", "Evolution", "On", "admission", ",", "blood", "cultures", "were", "taken", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "ceftriaxone", "1", "gram", "intravenous", "(", "iv", ")", "daily", ",", "metronizadol", "500", "mg", "iv", "every", "8", "hours", "and", "doxycycline", "100", "mg", "orally", "every", "12", "hours", ".", "Serology", "for", "Rickettsia", "spp", ",", "Coxiella", "spp", ".", "(", "ELISA", ")", ",", "as", "well", "as", "cytomegalovirus", "(", "CMV", ")", ",", "hepatitis", "A", "and", "B", ",", "Epstein", "Barr", "virus", "(", "EBV", ")", ",", "all", "of", "which", "were", "negative", ".", "An", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "without", "contrast", "(", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "without", "contrast", ":", "presence", "of", "gas", "in", "the", "portal", "venous", "system", "and", "splenomegaly", "of", "17", "cm", "in", "diameter", ",", "with", "two", "non-specific", "nodular", "hypodense", "images", "of", "approximately", "1", "and", "1", ".", "5", "cm", ")", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "showed", "gas", "in", "the", "portal", "venous", "system", ",", "affecting", "practically", "the", "entire", "left", "hepatic", "lobe", ",", "part", "of", "the", "right", ",", "as", "well", "as", "some", "mesenteric", "vessels", ",", "a", "finding", "that", "could", "be", "related", "to", "pylephlebitis", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "there", "was", "splenomegaly", "of", "17", "cm", "in", "diameter", ",", "with", "two", "non-specific", "nodular", "hypodense", "images", "of", "approximately", "1", "and", "1", ".", "5", "cm", ",", "respectively", ",", "which", "could", "correspond", "to", "two", "abscesses", ".", "A", "tubular", "image", "with", "wall", "thickening", "and", "increased", "density", "was", "evident", "in", "the", "hypogastrium", ",", "which", "was", "reported", "as", "probable", "Meckel", "'", "s", "diverticulitis", ".", "After", "24", "hours", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "clinical", "condition", "worsened", ",", "with", "persistent", "fever", ",", "abdominal", "pain", "and", "elevated", "inflammatory", "parameters", ".", "For", "this", "reason", ",", "he", "was", "evaluated", "by", "the", "general", "surgeons", "and", "urgent", "surgery", "was", "decided", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "exploratory", "laparoscopy", ",", "finding", "purulent", "free", "fluid", "in", "both", "subphrenic", "and", "Douglas", "spaces", ",", "with", "an", "image", "of", "diverticula", "about", "30", "cm", "long", "in", "the", "proximity", "of", "the", "ileocaecal", "valve", ",", "inflamed", "and", "in", "intimate", "contact", "with", "the", "ileum", "wall", ",", "which", "nevertheless", "appeared", "to", "have", "an", "independent", "meso", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "an", "ileal", "resection", "(", "removal", "of", "the", "piece", "to", "perform", "the", "extracorporeal", "anastomosis", ",", "appreciating", "the", "duplicated", "and", "inflamed", "intestinal", "segment", ")", "including", "the", "inflamed", "intestinal", "segment", "with", "latero-lateral", "anastomosis", "through", "a", "Pfanestiel", "incision", "to", "assist", "the", "laparoscopic", "approach", ".", "No", "alterations", "were", "seen", "at", "the", "splenic", "level", ".", "Intraoperative", "cultures", "were", "all", "negative", "and", "the", "biopsy", "of", "the", "surgical", "specimen", "showed", "a", "significant", ",", "ulcerative", "and", "congestive", "inflammatory", "infiltration", "of", "a", "segment", "of", "small", "bowel", "in", "relation", "to", "an", "intestinal", "duplicity", ".", "After", "surgery", "the", "patient", "remained", "stable", "with", "improvement", "of", "inflammatory", "parameters", ".", "Doxycycline", "was", "discontinued", ",", "continuing", "treatment", "with", "ceftriaxone", "and", "metronidazole", "at", "equal", "doses", "for", "two", "more", "weeks", ".", "The", "patient", "experienced", "a", "complicated", "postoperative", "period", "with", "paralytic", "ileus", "and", "the", "appearance", "of", "an", "enterocutaneous", "fistula", ",", "which", "subsequently", "resolved", ".", "After", "four", "weeks", "of", "hospitalisation", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", ",", "being", "reviewed", "two", "weeks", "later", "in", "the", "outpatient", "clinic", ",", "with", "good", "general", "condition", "and", "normal", "laboratory", "tests", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Portal", "pneumatosis", "and", "pylephlebitis", ",", "secondary", "to", "inflammation", "of", "intestinal", "duplication", "." ]
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en
A 14-year-old female patient diagnosed with McCune-Albright syndrome, with hyperprolactinaemia, hypothyroidism and impaired growth hormone secretion, on treatment with octreotide, levothyroxine, disodium pamidronate and cabergoline, referred for evaluation of the presence of macules on the lower limbs, of 2 years' evolution. Physical examination revealed brownish macular lesions of irregular configuration, with some telangiectasias predominantly on the left foot and ankle, and pruritic purpuric punctation on both feet and the pretibial region. In addition, a coffee-with-milk coloured macule was observed on the nape of the neck and interscapular region, measuring approximately 3 cm by 10 cm, with sharp and irregular edges, facial asymmetry, prognathism and inability to ambulate. Routine laboratory tests were requested and were normal. The lesions still persist.
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en
Reason for consultation We began the study of a 69 year old man who presented with pain in the left lower limb for a month of evolution that had been treated with physiotherapy with relative improvement, and which for the last 5 days has been exacerbated, related to a possible muscular overload. Individual approach Anamnesis: 69 year old patient referring to muscle overload of one month's duration, treated with physiotherapy with relative improvement, and who for the last 5 days has had a flare-up of this pain, treated again with physiotherapy and local cold, with the cold achieving greater pain relief. Examination: an increase in the diameter and erythema of the left lower limb was observed, as well as an increase in the local temperature and swelling in comparison with the contralateral lower limb. Analyses: in an initial blood test carried out at the medical examination of his company that the patient provided, on 29/09/2017, leukocytosis (21,000) with lymphocytosis (15,600 / 74.4%) was observed, so it was decided to repeat the haemogram to confirm these findings, and to extend the study with serology and cytomorphology. Leukocytosis (28,000) with lymphocytosis (20,270 / 72.4%) and positive serology for Epstein-Barr Virus was again evidenced in the CBC. Complementary tests: EchoDoppler MMII Left (20/09/2017): popliteal thrombosis partially recanalized and sural. Femoral venous system in good condition. Arterial system within normality. Clinical Judgement: Popliteal sural DVT. Cytomorphology (30/11/2017): small mature lymphocytes with condensed chromatin nucleus, abundant Grumpetch shadows, no blastic cells. Lymphoproliferative syndrome B type chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Family and community approach Patient is self-employed as a manager of a ham company. He had no major illnesses currently on his list of problems, and he also did around two hours of physical exercise a day prior to the onset of the thrombotic pathology. The doctor-patient relationship was absent prior to this episode, as the patient only required medical care sporadically with intervals of years between visits, and since these episodes the relationship has begun to improve. Clinical judgement The presentation of the symptoms: increased diameter and erythema of the left lower limb, as well as, increased local temperature and swelling compared to the contralateral lower limb. And although asymptomatic, the presence of leukocytosis with lymphocytosis in analytical tests. There was a possible deep vein thrombosis and pathology of the white series under study. The following should be considered as differential diagnoses: deep vein thrombosis VS cellulitis VS musculoskeletal pathology. Pathology of the white series. After assessing the clinical history together with the symptoms presented, a possible DVT was diagnosed and treatment was started and confirmed by complementary tests a few days later. Based on the analytical findings, the patient was referred to the Haematology Department to complete the diagnostic study. The patient's list of problems included: OSAHS with CPAPn, cataracts (operated on) and distal polyneuropathy. Action plan Treatment of deep vein thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin and diosmin combined with hesperidin, confirmed a few days later by the Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department. Referral to the Haematology Department given the analytical findings obtained, as well as the results of the cytomorphology. Evolution At present, the first reason for consultation, deep vein thrombosis, was resolved with the treatment prescribed. As for the referral to the haematology department, the patient was seen in the outpatient department 3 days after referral. The patient does not currently present B symptoms, and a CT-Body scan was performed on 16/11/2017 in which no pathological alterations were found, neither visceromegaly, nor adenopathies, so they concluded the diagnosis of Binnet's Lymphoproliferative Syndrome B Type LLC Stage A, which currently does not require treatment and is pending review next February.
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en
A 28-year-old pregnant woman from Embarcación (Salta), in her second gestation in week 38 with no history of pathology. She consulted for fever (39.4°C), myalgia and headache of 48 hours' duration, and was admitted for investigation and treatment. On the third day she started bleeding from mucous membranes, in areas of venipuncture and progressive deterioration of general condition. Twenty-four hours later, an emergency caesarean section was performed for acute foetal distress, with severe postpartum metrorrhagia. The mother received supportive care requiring multiple blood transfusions. She recovered favourably at 72 h postpartum. The baby was born at 38 weeks gestational age, weighing 3900 g and with an Apgar score of 4/4. During admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, he required mechanical ventilation for meconium aspiration syndrome and pulmonary hypertension and luminotherapy for jaundice. On the 5th day of life, the child started with fever (39°C), hepatomegaly and a generalised evanescent exanthema. After 24 h, haemorrhages through nasogastric tube and venipunctures were added. The haemogram showed 5800 white blood cells (lymphocytes 43%, segmented neutrophils 47%, monocytes 6%, basophils 4%), haematocrit 34%, haemoglobin 11.2 mg% and platelet count 13 000/mm3. With a presumptive diagnosis of sepsis, blood cultures, urine culture and lumbar puncture were performed. The patient was also tested for IgM antibodies to dengue virus. Antibiotics and blood and platelet transfusions were prescribed. Cultures for common germs and fungi were negative. The laboratory reported positive IgM by ELISA technique for dengue. For confirmation of the result, the sample was sent to the National Institute of Human Viral Diseases in Pergamino, who certified by ELISA serological tests, neutralisation and molecular detection of the viral genome (RT-PCR), the infection by serotype DEN-1. Oxygen was administered until 26 days of age. Seven days after the onset of symptoms, the platelet count normalised. The clinical evolution was favourable and the patient was discharged after one month of life. As a consequence of perinatal asphyxia related to the mother's severe form of dengue, the child developed hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and sequelae of respiratory compromise. Clinical and serological controls were performed at 8 and 13 months of life, with persistent antidengue IgG antibody titres, confirming the diagnosis of congenital infection. Serological results by ELISA showed high positive titres, with a PR of 1.92 and 1.37 for dengue at 8 and 13 months, respectively. The child is currently receiving neurological stimulation and preventive respiratory treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, with good progress. Dengue is an acute viral disease, endemic-epidemic in nature, transmitted by peridomestic mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. In the Americas the vector is Aedes aegypti, distributed between latitudes 35° ◦N and 35°◦S and generally below 1000 m altitude. Aedes albopticus related to disease transmission in other continents has only been found as a potential vector in the Americas.
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en
A 27-year-old woman presented with intense asthenia, anorexia, weight loss and fever of two weeks' evolution. She denies insect bites, exotic travel or risky sexual relations. A year ago she was admitted with similar symptoms, which resolved spontaneously, without becoming filial. She presented with hypochromic microcytic anaemia, which was treated with oral iron without improvement. On examination, BP 90/55 mmHg, HR 104 bpm, Ta 38.5oC. Adenopathic package not adherent to deep planes, not erythematous or hot, with periadenopathic soft component in the left subaxillary region and multiple erythematous-edematous papules on the face, trunk and upper extremities. The rest was normal. Complementary tests in the ED: hypochromic microcytic anaemia (Hb 9.6 g/dl), leukocytes 7260/μl, lymphopenia (700/μl) and CRP 3.8 mg/dl. Liver and renal function (including urine) normal. Chest X-ray without alterations. HIV rapid test negative. Admitted for study. Further examination on the ward. Leukocytosis with marked lymphopenia, decrease in CD3, CD8, NKCD56 and CD19 lymphocytes. Antinuclear antibodies + >1/640, with a mottled pattern. Rheumatoid factor 681 IU/mL. IgG 2630 mg/dl. Anti-SSA/Ro, anti-RNP/Sm and anti-Sm positive. Anti-SSB/La and ANCAs negative. Serology: CMV IgM+. CMV copy quantification negative. Quantiferon, EBV, Leishmania, Mycoplasma, Rose Bengal and treponemal screening negative. Subsequently 2500 leukocytes: neutropenia and lymphopenia. Initially treated with ceftriaxone. She continues with febrile peaks and skin lesions increase. A dose of doxycycline was administered, which was discontinued due to digestive intolerance. A skin biopsy of one of the papular lesions was performed, which was reported as necrotic keratinocytes associated with a perivascular and interstitial lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate, without neutrophils or eosinophils, and no tumour cells were seen. Thoracic-abdominal-pelvic CT scan: bilateral axillary adenopathies, mild hepatosplenomegaly, mild pleural effusion and thickening of the interlobular septa, and a nodule adjacent to the outer infero-outer quadrant of the left breast, suggestive of necrotic adenopathy. Asymmetry in the left chest wall musculature with bands of fluid in subcutaneous and intermuscular planes. A costal adenopathy was biopsied: multifocal non-suppurative necrotising lymphadenitis, with predominance of CD3/CD8+ T lymphocytes, presence of granzyme B positive cells and histiocytes (CD68+), compatible with Kikuchi's disease. Absence of neoplastic cells and Reed-Sternberg. Negative staining for EBV. The patient improved without antibiotics, the fever subsided and the papules changed to smaller macules. The lymphadenopathies eventually disappear. The patient was diagnosed with Kikuchi's disease, with haematological and cutaneous involvement, and fulfils the criteria for lupus.
[ "A", "27-year-old", "woman", "presented", "with", "intense", "asthenia", ",", "anorexia", ",", "weight", "loss", "and", "fever", "of", "two", "weeks", "'", "evolution", ".", "She", "denies", "insect", "bites", ",", "exotic", "travel", "or", "risky", "sexual", "relations", ".", "A", "year", "ago", "she", "was", "admitted", "with", "similar", "symptoms", ",", "which", "resolved", "spontaneously", ",", "without", "becoming", "filial", ".", "She", "presented", "with", "hypochromic", "microcytic", "anaemia", ",", "which", "was", "treated", "with", "oral", "iron", "without", "improvement", ".", "On", "examination", ",", "BP", "90", "/", "55", "mmHg", ",", "HR", "104", "bpm", ",", "Ta", "38", ".", "5oC", ".", "Adenopathic", "package", "not", "adherent", "to", "deep", "planes", ",", "not", "erythematous", "or", "hot", ",", "with", "periadenopathic", "soft", "component", "in", "the", "left", "subaxillary", "region", "and", "multiple", "erythematous-edematous", "papules", "on", "the", "face", ",", "trunk", "and", "upper", "extremities", ".", "The", "rest", "was", "normal", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "in", "the", "ED", ":", "hypochromic", "microcytic", "anaemia", "(", "Hb", "9", ".", "6", "g", "/", "dl", ")", ",", "leukocytes", "7260", "/", "μl", ",", "lymphopenia", "(", "700", "/", "μl", ")", "and", "CRP", "3", ".", "8", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Liver", "and", "renal", "function", "(", "including", "urine", ")", "normal", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "without", "alterations", ".", "HIV", "rapid", "test", "negative", ".", "Admitted", "for", "study", ".", "Further", "examination", "on", "the", "ward", ".", "Leukocytosis", "with", "marked", "lymphopenia", ",", "decrease", "in", "CD3", ",", "CD8", ",", "NKCD56", "and", "CD19", "lymphocytes", ".", "Antinuclear", "antibodies", "+", ">", "1", "/", "640", ",", "with", "a", "mottled", "pattern", ".", "Rheumatoid", "factor", "681", "IU", "/", "mL", ".", "IgG", "2630", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Anti-SSA", "/", "Ro", ",", "anti-RNP", "/", "Sm", "and", "anti-Sm", "positive", ".", "Anti-SSB", "/", "La", "and", "ANCAs", "negative", ".", "Serology", ":", "CMV", "IgM", "+", ".", "CMV", "copy", "quantification", "negative", ".", "Quantiferon", ",", "EBV", ",", "Leishmania", ",", "Mycoplasma", ",", "Rose", "Bengal", "and", "treponemal", "screening", "negative", ".", "Subsequently", "2500", "leukocytes", ":", "neutropenia", "and", "lymphopenia", ".", "Initially", "treated", "with", "ceftriaxone", ".", "She", "continues", "with", "febrile", "peaks", "and", "skin", "lesions", "increase", ".", "A", "dose", "of", "doxycycline", "was", "administered", ",", "which", "was", "discontinued", "due", "to", "digestive", "intolerance", ".", "A", "skin", "biopsy", "of", "one", "of", "the", "papular", "lesions", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "was", "reported", "as", "necrotic", "keratinocytes", "associated", "with", "a", "perivascular", "and", "interstitial", "lymphohistiocytic", "inflammatory", "infiltrate", ",", "without", "neutrophils", "or", "eosinophils", ",", "and", "no", "tumour", "cells", "were", "seen", ".", "Thoracic-abdominal-pelvic", "CT", "scan", ":", "bilateral", "axillary", "adenopathies", ",", "mild", "hepatosplenomegaly", ",", "mild", "pleural", "effusion", "and", "thickening", "of", "the", "interlobular", "septa", ",", "and", "a", "nodule", "adjacent", "to", "the", "outer", "infero-outer", "quadrant", "of", "the", "left", "breast", ",", "suggestive", "of", "necrotic", "adenopathy", ".", "Asymmetry", "in", "the", "left", "chest", "wall", "musculature", "with", "bands", "of", "fluid", "in", "subcutaneous", "and", "intermuscular", "planes", ".", "A", "costal", "adenopathy", "was", "biopsied", ":", "multifocal", "non-suppurative", "necrotising", "lymphadenitis", ",", "with", "predominance", "of", "CD3", "/", "CD8", "+", "T", "lymphocytes", ",", "presence", "of", "granzyme", "B", "positive", "cells", "and", "histiocytes", "(", "CD68", "+", ")", ",", "compatible", "with", "Kikuchi", "'", "s", "disease", ".", "Absence", "of", "neoplastic", "cells", "and", "Reed-Sternberg", ".", "Negative", "staining", "for", "EBV", ".", "The", "patient", "improved", "without", "antibiotics", ",", "the", "fever", "subsided", "and", "the", "papules", "changed", "to", "smaller", "macules", ".", "The", "lymphadenopathies", "eventually", "disappear", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "Kikuchi", "'", "s", "disease", ",", "with", "haematological", "and", "cutaneous", "involvement", ",", "and", "fulfils", "the", "criteria", "for", "lupus", "." ]
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en
A 56-year-old man presented with parainfluenza symptoms and hyperthermia of three days' duration. He had a history of hypertension, controlled by Valsartan tablets. He owned a shop and denied having travelled or had contact with infected persons. The patient was admitted and given antibiotics and antipyretics. Haematological tests and chest X-ray were normal, RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swab was negative, despite increased intensity of cough, dyspnoea and fever. Four days later, RT-PCR testing was positive for SARS-CoV-19. The patient's condition worsened; on day 6 of hospitalisation, he presented with dyspnoea, fever, cough, tachycardia and hypoxaemia, with diffuse bilateral crackles on chest examination, oxygen saturation was 80% which increased to 90% with 8L of oxygen, respiratory rate was 40 r.p.m., temperature was 39.5 Celsius, respiratory frequency was 40 r.p.m., and temperature was 39.5 Celsius, temperature was 39.5 C, PaO2: 61mmHg, PaO2/FiO2: 122mmHg with 10L O2 with nasal cannula, alveolo-arterial gradient: 65. A complete blood count revealed lymphocytopenia; serum ferritin was 650ng/ml, C-reactive protein was 45mg/dL and ESR was 91. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral diffuse infiltration in the lower area; chest CT showed annular consolidation in the left upper lobe around a small area of ground-glass opacity (halo or atoll sign), bilateral pleural effusion and bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacities in the lower lobe. The patient was given non-invasive oxygen therapy, meronepem i.v. 1 gm three times daily, tamiflu tablet 75 mg twice daily, Kaltetra tablet 400/100 mg twice daily, hydroxychloroquine tablet 400 mg twice daily on the first day and 200 mg twice daily thereafter, enoxaparin 4000 IU daily subcutaneously, acetaminophen on demand; valsartan was replaced by amlodipine. Over the next four days, the patient worsened, oxygen saturation dropped to 70-80% on 10L oxygen; PaO2: 56mmHg, PaO2/FiO2: 93, alveolo-arterial gradient: 75; D-dimer: 1992ng/ml, serum ferritin: 692 ng/mLn, C-reactive protein: 93mg/dl, ESR: 110, with normal renal function tests, liver function tests, echocardiogram, troponin and serum electrolytes. In addition to the medication, the patient received 200 ml of convalescent serum from a recovered moderate COVID-19 patient, after the necessary donor plasma tests (haemoglobinaemia and viral tests). Seventy hours later, the patient started to improve, fever subsided, dyspnoea decreased and lymphocyte counts normalised. Six days after the plasma transfusion, he had the following values: D-dimer 1887 ng/ml, PaO2: 81mmHg, PaO2/FiO2:162mmHg with 10L of oxygen by nasal cannula. Chest X-ray showed improvement of consolidations and ground-glass opacities; chest CT showed disappearance of pleural effusion. The patient was discharged 21 days after admission in good health. Three consecutive RT-PCR tests spaced 24 hours apart were negative.
[ "", "A", "56-year-old", "man", "presented", "with", "parainfluenza", "symptoms", "and", "hyperthermia", "of", "three", "days", "'", "duration", ".", "He", "had", "a", "history", "of", "hypertension", ",", "controlled", "by", "Valsartan", "tablets", ".", "He", "owned", "a", "shop", "and", "denied", "having", "travelled", "or", "had", "contact", "with", "infected", "persons", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "and", "given", "antibiotics", "and", "antipyretics", ".", "Haematological", "tests", "and", "chest", "X-ray", "were", "normal", ",", "RT-PCR", "from", "nasopharyngeal", "swab", "was", "negative", ",", "despite", "increased", "intensity", "of", "cough", ",", "dyspnoea", "and", "fever", ".", "Four", "days", "later", ",", "RT-PCR", "testing", "was", "positive", "for", "SARS-CoV-19", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "condition", "worsened", ";", "on", "day", "6", "of", "hospitalisation", ",", "he", "presented", "with", "dyspnoea", ",", "fever", ",", "cough", ",", "tachycardia", "and", "hypoxaemia", ",", "with", "diffuse", "bilateral", "crackles", "on", "chest", "examination", ",", "oxygen", "saturation", "was", "80", "%", "which", "increased", "to", "90", "%", "with", "8L", "of", "oxygen", ",", "respiratory", "rate", "was", "40", "r", ".", "p", ".", "m", ".", ",", "temperature", "was", "39", ".", "5", "Celsius", ",", "respiratory", "frequency", "was", "40", "r", ".", "p", ".", "m", ".", ",", "and", "temperature", "was", "39", ".", "5", "Celsius", ",", "temperature", "was", "39", ".", "5", "C", ",", "PaO2", ":", "61mmHg", ",", "PaO2", "/", "FiO2", ":", "122mmHg", "with", "10L", "O2", "with", "nasal", "cannula", ",", "alveolo-arterial", "gradient", ":", "65", ".", "A", "complete", "blood", "count", "revealed", "lymphocytopenia", ";", "serum", "ferritin", "was", "650ng", "/", "ml", ",", "C-reactive", "protein", "was", "45mg", "/", "dL", "and", "ESR", "was", "91", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "revealed", "bilateral", "diffuse", "infiltration", "in", "the", "lower", "area", ";", "chest", "CT", "showed", "annular", "consolidation", "in", "the", "left", "upper", "lobe", "around", "a", "small", "area", "of", "ground-glass", "opacity", "(", "halo", "or", "atoll", "sign", ")", ",", "bilateral", "pleural", "effusion", "and", "bilateral", "diffuse", "ground-glass", "opacities", "in", "the", "lower", "lobe", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "given", "non-invasive", "oxygen", "therapy", ",", "meronepem", "i", ".", "v", ".", "1", "gm", "three", "times", "daily", ",", "tamiflu", "tablet", "75", "mg", "twice", "daily", ",", "Kaltetra", "tablet", "400", "/", "100", "mg", "twice", "daily", ",", "hydroxychloroquine", "tablet", "400", "mg", "twice", "daily", "on", "the", "first", "day", "and", "200", "mg", "twice", "daily", "thereafter", ",", "enoxaparin", "4000", "IU", "daily", "subcutaneously", ",", "acetaminophen", "on", "demand", ";", "valsartan", "was", "replaced", "by", "amlodipine", ".", "Over", "the", "next", "four", "days", ",", "the", "patient", "worsened", ",", "oxygen", "saturation", "dropped", "to", "70-80", "%", "on", "10L", "oxygen", ";", "PaO2", ":", "56mmHg", ",", "PaO2", "/", "FiO2", ":", "93", ",", "alveolo-arterial", "gradient", ":", "75", ";", "D-dimer", ":", "1992ng", "/", "ml", ",", "serum", "ferritin", ":", "692", "ng", "/", "mLn", ",", "C-reactive", "protein", ":", "93mg", "/", "dl", ",", "ESR", ":", "110", ",", "with", "normal", "renal", "function", "tests", ",", "liver", "function", "tests", ",", "echocardiogram", ",", "troponin", "and", "serum", "electrolytes", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "the", "medication", ",", "the", "patient", "received", "200", "ml", "of", "convalescent", "serum", "from", "a", "recovered", "moderate", "COVID-19", "patient", ",", "after", "the", "necessary", "donor", "plasma", "tests", "(", "haemoglobinaemia", "and", "viral", "tests", ")", ".", "Seventy", "hours", "later", ",", "the", "patient", "started", "to", "improve", ",", "fever", "subsided", ",", "dyspnoea", "decreased", "and", "lymphocyte", "counts", "normalised", ".", "Six", "days", "after", "the", "plasma", "transfusion", ",", "he", "had", "the", "following", "values", ":", "D-dimer", "1887", "ng", "/", "ml", ",", "PaO2", ":", "81mmHg", ",", "PaO2", "/", "FiO2", ":", "162mmHg", "with", "10L", "of", "oxygen", "by", "nasal", "cannula", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "improvement", "of", "consolidations", "and", "ground-glass", "opacities", ";", "chest", "CT", "showed", "disappearance", "of", "pleural", "effusion", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "discharged", "21", "days", "after", "admission", "in", "good", "health", ".", "Three", "consecutive", "RT-PCR", "tests", "spaced", "24", "hours", "apart", "were", "negative", "." ]
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en
A 12 year old patient was referred for anaphylaxis 6 months earlier while playing sport on an artificial turf pitch. One month later she had the same episode under the same conditions. She also reported itching sometimes after eating raw tomato, tolerating it when cooked. She stopped physical activity for fear of repeating reactions, and no further anaphylaxis occurred. Additional tests: Total Ig E 105 KU/L. Ig E peach 14.6, tomato 3.16, peanut 2.99, latex negative. Pneumoallergens: D.Pt 1.46, grasses 8.43, rest negative. Evolution: refers restriction of raw tomato, as well as oral pruritus with peanut and peach not previously manifested. On the next visit she reported anaphylaxis while riding a bicycle, hours before she had eaten ketchup. She re-historicised that in all the anaphylaxes she had eaten cooked tomato or ketchup sauce for lunch in the dining room, and that the ingestion of these foods had not produced immediate oral symptoms. Given the suspicion of hypersensitivity to LTP, laboratory tests were extended: prup p3 (LTP peach) 41.5 KUA/L, Ara h9 29.9 KUA/L (LTP peanut) 29.9 KUA/L. The patient was diagnosed with LTP syndrome as well as exercise-induced LTP anaphylaxis. A tomato, peanut and peach exclusion diet was recommended, as well as the practice of sport concomitant with the ingestion of foods containing LTP, with favourable evolution to date.
[ "A", "12", "year", "old", "patient", "was", "referred", "for", "anaphylaxis", "6", "months", "earlier", "while", "playing", "sport", "on", "an", "artificial", "turf", "pitch", ".", "One", "month", "later", "she", "had", "the", "same", "episode", "under", "the", "same", "conditions", ".", "She", "also", "reported", "itching", "sometimes", "after", "eating", "raw", "tomato", ",", "tolerating", "it", "when", "cooked", ".", "She", "stopped", "physical", "activity", "for", "fear", "of", "repeating", "reactions", ",", "and", "no", "further", "anaphylaxis", "occurred", ".", "Additional", "tests", ":", "Total", "Ig", "E", "105", "KU", "/", "L", ".", "Ig", "E", "peach", "14", ".", "6", ",", "tomato", "3", ".", "16", ",", "peanut", "2", ".", "99", ",", "latex", "negative", ".", "Pneumoallergens", ":", "D", ".", "Pt", "1", ".", "46", ",", "grasses", "8", ".", "43", ",", "rest", "negative", ".", "Evolution", ":", "refers", "restriction", "of", "raw", "tomato", ",", "as", "well", "as", "oral", "pruritus", "with", "peanut", "and", "peach", "not", "previously", "manifested", ".", "On", "the", "next", "visit", "she", "reported", "anaphylaxis", "while", "riding", "a", "bicycle", ",", "hours", "before", "she", "had", "eaten", "ketchup", ".", "She", "re-historicised", "that", "in", "all", "the", "anaphylaxes", "she", "had", "eaten", "cooked", "tomato", "or", "ketchup", "sauce", "for", "lunch", "in", "the", "dining", "room", ",", "and", "that", "the", "ingestion", "of", "these", "foods", "had", "not", "produced", "immediate", "oral", "symptoms", ".", "Given", "the", "suspicion", "of", "hypersensitivity", "to", "LTP", ",", "laboratory", "tests", "were", "extended", ":", "prup", "p3", "(", "LTP", "peach", ")", "41", ".", "5", "KUA", "/", "L", ",", "Ara", "h9", "29", ".", "9", "KUA", "/", "L", "(", "LTP", "peanut", ")", "29", ".", "9", "KUA", "/", "L", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "LTP", "syndrome", "as", "well", "as", "exercise-induced", "LTP", "anaphylaxis", ".", "A", "tomato", ",", "peanut", "and", "peach", "exclusion", "diet", "was", "recommended", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "practice", "of", "sport", "concomitant", "with", "the", "ingestion", "of", "foods", "containing", "LTP", ",", "with", "favourable", "evolution", "to", "date", "." ]
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en
A 14-year-old woman from Holland, although she had been living in Spain since she was 5 years old. No toxic habits or family, medical or surgical history of interest. She denies contact with rural areas and trips abroad (except to her hometown). She has cats and dogs at home. He does not follow any usual treatment. She was initially admitted with a two-week history of fever of up to 39oC, asthenia, general malaise and low productive cough. Blood tests and chest X-ray were performed, and she was diagnosed with community-acquired right lower lobe pneumonia (RLLP), and empirical treatment with ceftriaxone and clarithromycin was started. Forty-eight hours after admission, the patient tested positive for influenza A PCR and treatment with oseltamivir was added. The patient's clinical evolution was unfavourable, requiring admission to the Intensive Care Unit with frank haemoptysis associated with severe anaemisation. Supportive measures were initiated with clinical improvement, and the patient was subsequently transferred to the Pneumology ward. On the eighth day of admission, the patient continued to be febrile and began to experience vomiting, perioral and hand paraesthesia and weakness in the lower limbs. It was decided to perform a cranial CT scan, which revealed multiple cerebral LOEs, and the patient was transferred to the Infectious Diseases Department of our centre for further study. Differential diagnosis We are dealing with a patient with multiple cerebral LOEs associated with pulmonary condensation. Among the non-infectious causes, the possibility of tumoural causes should be ruled out. These include metastatic brain involvement secondary to a lung tumour, which is unlikely given the young age of the patient and the absence of exposure to pulmonary toxic agents, or primary cerebral lymphoma or glioblastoma multiforme, although in both cases the lesions are usually single or in smaller numbers. Infectious causes include those of fungal origin, such as histoplasmosis or aspergillosis, although these tend to occur more in immunocompromised patients, and those of parasitic origin, such as hydatidosis and neurocysticercosis, although in our case there is no epidemiology to support the diagnosis and they tend to be more larval. Bacterial aetiology would include tuberculosis or listeriosis, although these tend to present more frequently in the form of meningitis or encephalitis and not as space-occupying lesions. Nocardiosis, although more frequent in immunosuppressed patients or associated with steroid treatment, usually manifests with cerebral involvement of pulmonary origin, so although it is not the most likely aetiology, it cannot be completely ruled out. Lastly, infections caused by pyogenic bacteria, which, depending on their origin, will lead us to think of a specific bacterial group. If we think of a possible abdominal origin we would have to take into account enterobacteria, if it is endovascular gram-positive, such as staphylococci and streptococci, and if it is pulmonary, as in our case, we would have to think mainly of pneumococcal and anaerobic infections. Evolution After transfer to our centre, an MRI of the skull was performed with the finding of multiple supratentorial lesions (approx. 20-25) in both cerebral cortico-subcortical hemispheres and in the deep white matter, the largest measuring 2.3 cm on the left front, all of them with ring wall enhancement and with a level inside, associated with significant bilateral perilesional vasogenic oedema, more evident on the left side, where it produced partial collapse of the left ventricle with a 3 mm deviation of the midline. An abdominal CT scan was performed, with no findings of interest, and a chest CT scan showed an alveolar infiltrate in the LID associated with moderate right pleural effusion with hydroaerial levels suggestive of empyema. The study was also completed with a transthoracic echocardiogram showing a possible patent foramen ovale and no vegetations. The microbiological tests performed were: blood cultures, sputum culture with BAAR, urine culture, pleural fluid culture, antigenuria for pneumococcus and legionella, galactomannan and serology for viruses (HIV, HAV, HBV, HCV, HSV, EBV, CMV, influenza virus, parainfluenza, RSV, adenovirus, etc.), bacteria (syphilis, syphilis, syphilis), and bacteria (syphilis, syphilis, syphilis, syphilis). ...), bacteria (syphilis, Legionella, Bartonella, Coxiella, Brucella, Chlamydia ....), parasites (toxoplasma, taeniasis, hydatidosis...), all of which were negative. In view of these findings, the Neurosurgery Department was contacted and it was decided to perform a brain biopsy of one of the lesions to take microbiological samples, with negative results in the culture (auramine, PCR toxoplasma, PCR bacteria), as well as the pathological anatomy (histochemical techniques and molecular analysis for M. tuberculosis, T. gondii, and B. melitensis), suggesting pyogenic brain abscess as the most likely diagnosis without germ affiliation. During his stay at our centre, the antibiotic spectrum was extended by starting linezolid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and metronidazole, completing eight weeks of treatment, with good clinical, respiratory, neurological and radiological evolution. A control chest CT scan showed radiological improvement with respect to previous findings, with virtual disappearance of consolidation, together with the finding of multiple cysts in the apical segment of the right lower lobe communicating with the airway, suggestive of cystic adenomatoid malformation with possible superinfection and cystic-varicoid bronchiectasis with bronchovascular grouping in the medial basal segment of the LID. On discharge, she was referred to Cardiology, who ruled out permeable foramen ovale by transesophageal echocardiogram, and to Thoracic Surgery for surgical treatment of the pulmonary malformation. Final diagnosis Multiple pyogenic cerebral abscesses of haematogenous origin associated with pulmonary cystic adenomatoid cystic malformation and lobar pneumonia with no affiliation of the causative microorganism.
[ "A", "14-year-old", "woman", "from", "Holland", ",", "although", "she", "had", "been", "living", "in", "Spain", "since", "she", "was", "5", "years", "old", ".", "No", "toxic", "habits", "or", "family", ",", "medical", "or", "surgical", "history", "of", "interest", ".", "She", "denies", "contact", "with", "rural", "areas", "and", "trips", "abroad", "(", "except", "to", "her", "hometown", ")", ".", "She", "has", "cats", "and", "dogs", "at", "home", ".", "He", "does", "not", "follow", "any", "usual", "treatment", ".", "She", "was", "initially", "admitted", "with", "a", "two-week", "history", "of", "fever", "of", "up", "to", "39oC", ",", "asthenia", ",", "general", "malaise", "and", "low", "productive", "cough", ".", "Blood", "tests", "and", "chest", "X-ray", "were", "performed", ",", "and", "she", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "community-acquired", "right", "lower", "lobe", "pneumonia", "(", "RLLP", ")", ",", "and", "empirical", "treatment", "with", "ceftriaxone", "and", "clarithromycin", "was", "started", ".", "Forty-eight", "hours", "after", "admission", ",", "the", "patient", "tested", "positive", "for", "influenza", "A", "PCR", "and", "treatment", "with", "oseltamivir", "was", "added", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "clinical", "evolution", "was", "unfavourable", ",", "requiring", "admission", "to", "the", "Intensive", "Care", "Unit", "with", "frank", "haemoptysis", "associated", "with", "severe", "anaemisation", ".", "Supportive", "measures", "were", "initiated", "with", "clinical", "improvement", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "subsequently", "transferred", "to", "the", "Pneumology", "ward", ".", "On", "the", "eighth", "day", "of", "admission", ",", "the", "patient", "continued", "to", "be", "febrile", "and", "began", "to", "experience", "vomiting", ",", "perioral", "and", "hand", "paraesthesia", "and", "weakness", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "a", "cranial", "CT", "scan", ",", "which", "revealed", "multiple", "cerebral", "LOEs", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Department", "of", "our", "centre", "for", "further", "study", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "We", "are", "dealing", "with", "a", "patient", "with", "multiple", "cerebral", "LOEs", "associated", "with", "pulmonary", "condensation", ".", "Among", "the", "non-infectious", "causes", ",", "the", "possibility", "of", "tumoural", "causes", "should", "be", "ruled", "out", ".", "These", "include", "metastatic", "brain", "involvement", "secondary", "to", "a", "lung", "tumour", ",", "which", "is", "unlikely", "given", "the", "young", "age", "of", "the", "patient", "and", "the", "absence", "of", "exposure", "to", "pulmonary", "toxic", "agents", ",", "or", "primary", "cerebral", "lymphoma", "or", "glioblastoma", "multiforme", ",", "although", "in", "both", "cases", "the", "lesions", "are", "usually", "single", "or", "in", "smaller", "numbers", ".", "Infectious", "causes", "include", "those", "of", "fungal", "origin", ",", "such", "as", "histoplasmosis", "or", "aspergillosis", ",", "although", "these", "tend", "to", "occur", "more", "in", "immunocompromised", "patients", ",", "and", "those", "of", "parasitic", "origin", ",", "such", "as", "hydatidosis", "and", "neurocysticercosis", ",", "although", "in", "our", "case", "there", "is", "no", "epidemiology", "to", "support", "the", "diagnosis", "and", "they", "tend", "to", "be", "more", "larval", ".", "Bacterial", "aetiology", "would", "include", "tuberculosis", "or", "listeriosis", ",", "although", "these", "tend", "to", "present", "more", "frequently", "in", "the", "form", "of", "meningitis", "or", "encephalitis", "and", "not", "as", "space-occupying", "lesions", ".", "Nocardiosis", ",", "although", "more", "frequent", "in", "immunosuppressed", "patients", "or", "associated", "with", "steroid", "treatment", ",", "usually", "manifests", "with", "cerebral", "involvement", "of", "pulmonary", "origin", ",", "so", "although", "it", "is", "not", "the", "most", "likely", "aetiology", ",", "it", "cannot", "be", "completely", "ruled", "out", ".", "Lastly", ",", "infections", "caused", "by", "pyogenic", "bacteria", ",", "which", ",", "depending", "on", "their", "origin", ",", "will", "lead", "us", "to", "think", "of", "a", "specific", "bacterial", "group", ".", "If", "we", "think", "of", "a", "possible", "abdominal", "origin", "we", "would", "have", "to", "take", "into", "account", "enterobacteria", ",", "if", "it", "is", "endovascular", "gram-positive", ",", "such", "as", "staphylococci", "and", "streptococci", ",", "and", "if", "it", "is", "pulmonary", ",", "as", "in", "our", "case", ",", "we", "would", "have", "to", "think", "mainly", "of", "pneumococcal", "and", "anaerobic", "infections", ".", "Evolution", "After", "transfer", "to", "our", "centre", ",", "an", "MRI", "of", "the", "skull", "was", "performed", "with", "the", "finding", "of", "multiple", "supratentorial", "lesions", "(", "approx", ".", "20-25", ")", "in", "both", "cerebral", "cortico-subcortical", "hemispheres", "and", "in", "the", "deep", "white", "matter", ",", "the", "largest", "measuring", "2", ".", "3", "cm", "on", "the", "left", "front", ",", "all", "of", "them", "with", "ring", "wall", "enhancement", "and", "with", "a", "level", "inside", ",", "associated", "with", "significant", "bilateral", "perilesional", "vasogenic", "oedema", ",", "more", "evident", "on", "the", "left", "side", ",", "where", "it", "produced", "partial", "collapse", "of", "the", "left", "ventricle", "with", "a", "3", "mm", "deviation", "of", "the", "midline", ".", "An", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "with", "no", "findings", "of", "interest", ",", "and", "a", "chest", "CT", "scan", "showed", "an", "alveolar", "infiltrate", "in", "the", "LID", "associated", "with", "moderate", "right", "pleural", "effusion", "with", "hydroaerial", "levels", "suggestive", "of", "empyema", ".", "The", "study", "was", "also", "completed", "with", "a", "transthoracic", "echocardiogram", "showing", "a", "possible", "patent", "foramen", "ovale", "and", "no", "vegetations", ".", "The", "microbiological", "tests", "performed", "were", ":", "blood", "cultures", ",", "sputum", "culture", "with", "BAAR", ",", "urine", "culture", ",", "pleural", "fluid", "culture", ",", "antigenuria", "for", "pneumococcus", "and", "legionella", ",", "galactomannan", "and", "serology", "for", "viruses", "(", "HIV", ",", "HAV", ",", "HBV", ",", "HCV", ",", "HSV", ",", "EBV", ",", "CMV", ",", "influenza", "virus", ",", "parainfluenza", ",", "RSV", ",", "adenovirus", ",", "etc", ".", ")", ",", "bacteria", "(", "syphilis", ",", "syphilis", ",", "syphilis", ")", ",", "and", "bacteria", "(", "syphilis", ",", "syphilis", ",", "syphilis", ",", "syphilis", ")", ".", ".", ".", ".", ")", ",", "bacteria", "(", "syphilis", ",", "Legionella", ",", "Bartonella", ",", "Coxiella", ",", "Brucella", ",", "Chlamydia", ".", ".", ".", ".", ")", ",", "parasites", "(", "toxoplasma", ",", "taeniasis", ",", "hydatidosis", ".", ".", ".", ")", ",", "all", "of", "which", "were", "negative", ".", "In", "view", "of", "these", "findings", ",", "the", "Neurosurgery", "Department", "was", "contacted", "and", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "a", "brain", "biopsy", "of", "one", "of", "the", "lesions", "to", "take", "microbiological", "samples", ",", "with", "negative", "results", "in", "the", "culture", "(", "auramine", ",", "PCR", "toxoplasma", ",", "PCR", "bacteria", ")", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "pathological", "anatomy", "(", "histochemical", "techniques", "and", "molecular", "analysis", "for", "M", ".", "tuberculosis", ",", "T", ".", "gondii", ",", "and", "B", ".", "melitensis", ")", ",", "suggesting", "pyogenic", "brain", "abscess", "as", "the", "most", "likely", "diagnosis", "without", "germ", "affiliation", ".", "During", "his", "stay", "at", "our", "centre", ",", "the", "antibiotic", "spectrum", "was", "extended", "by", "starting", "linezolid", ",", "trimethoprim", "/", "sulfamethoxazole", "and", "metronidazole", ",", "completing", "eight", "weeks", "of", "treatment", ",", "with", "good", "clinical", ",", "respiratory", ",", "neurological", "and", "radiological", "evolution", ".", "A", "control", "chest", "CT", "scan", "showed", "radiological", "improvement", "with", "respect", "to", "previous", "findings", ",", "with", "virtual", "disappearance", "of", "consolidation", ",", "together", "with", "the", "finding", "of", "multiple", "cysts", "in", "the", "apical", "segment", "of", "the", "right", "lower", "lobe", "communicating", "with", "the", "airway", ",", "suggestive", "of", "cystic", "adenomatoid", "malformation", "with", "possible", "superinfection", "and", "cystic-varicoid", "bronchiectasis", "with", "bronchovascular", "grouping", "in", "the", "medial", "basal", "segment", "of", "the", "LID", ".", "On", "discharge", ",", "she", "was", "referred", "to", "Cardiology", ",", "who", "ruled", "out", "permeable", "foramen", "ovale", "by", "transesophageal", "echocardiogram", ",", "and", "to", "Thoracic", "Surgery", "for", "surgical", "treatment", "of", "the", "pulmonary", "malformation", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Multiple", "pyogenic", "cerebral", "abscesses", "of", "haematogenous", "origin", "associated", "with", "pulmonary", "cystic", "adenomatoid", "cystic", "malformation", "and", "lobar", "pneumonia", "with", "no", "affiliation", "of", "the", "causative", "microorganism", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis We present the case of a 79-year-old man, a retired doctor, with a history of hypertension, who underwent surgery for right inguinal hernia in 2008 and left knee replacement in 2011. He received treatment with amlodipine 5 mg and irbesartan 150 mg. He was diagnosed in 2009 with a PSA of 14 ng/ml, a prostate adenocarcinoma Gleason 5 + 4, localised disease. He received treatment with local radiotherapy followed by double androgen blockade for 3 years with leuprorelin and bicalutamide. He continued to undergo check-ups until June 2018, when he began to experience alterations in his bowel rhythm, and a locoregional recurrence with rectal infiltration and lymph node involvement was observed. The prostate biopsy confirmed a 100% small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, so cisplatin-etoposide was started and he received 4 cycles until October 2018. She presented with grade 3 peripheral neuropathy, which made it necessary to discontinue treatment and she continued to undergo check-ups. In January 2019, she presented with a lingering clinical picture of temporospatial disorientation, recent memory loss, as well as paroxysmal and self-limited episodes of mandibular tremor, for which it was decided to admit her for further study. Physical examination Karnofsky index of 70. Temporal disorientation with marked impairment of immediate memory, which she recovered with clues. Five episodes of left hemifacial clonus lasting 10 seconds were observed, with a feeling of anguish and unprovoked crying. Complementary tests Haemogram, biochemistry and coagulation without alterations. Folic acid, B12, tumour markers, varicella, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and QuantiFERON serologies were normal. Cranial CT scan showed small vessel ischaemia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a hypersignal in both temporal lobes, at the right insular corticosubcortical level and left temporal amygdala, compatible with autoimmune encephalitis. Video-electroencephalography (V-EEG) was performed and no epileptiform activity was observed. An IgA and basic thyroid immunological study was completed and was negative. Subsequently, antineuronal antibodies were determined in blood, with a positive result for anti-HU. Diagnosis The patient was therefore diagnosed with autoimmune limbic encephalitis due to anti-HU antibodies, with a locoregional and lymph node relapse due to undifferentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate. Treatment He received anticommitant treatment with levetiracetam with improvement of the facial clonus. Once the autoimmune aetiology was known, immunosuppressive treatment was started with intravenous boluses of methylprednisolone 1 g/24 hours for 5 days. Evolution Initial favourable response to treatment with no new episodes of facial clonus, although memory lapses persisted. After completing corticotherapy, he presented three generalised tonic-clonic crises without recovery, requiring orotracheal intubation and admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Levetiracetam, midazolam and diazepam were administered with good evolution and he was extubated. New immunosuppressive treatment was then started with rituximab associated with oral cyclophosphamide at metronomic doses, presenting clinical improvement with disappearance of emotional lability, and without new convulsive episodes.
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en
A 57-year-old man, ex-smoker for 28 years, with low-risk IgG kappa monoclonal gammopathy, and a totally active and independent life (he goes to the gym and exercises daily). Two weeks before his admission, he began with a dry cough and fever that he attributed to an upper respiratory catarrh. A few days later he suffered chest pain with atypical characteristics, radiating to the interscapular region and left scapula, for which he went to the emergency department and was diagnosed with a possible muscle contracture. He started treatment with analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs and a muscle relaxant, as well as a cough suppressant. Given the persistence of cough and pain despite the prescribed treatment, he returned to the emergency department. At no time had she presented with dyspnoea. Examination revealed a good general condition, BP 110/74 mmHg, HR 95 bpm, Ta 36 oC, baseline SpO2 93%, without tachypnoea or respiratory work. Cardiac auscultation was normal, and pulmonary auscultation showed bibasal crackles. The rest of the examination showed no pathological findings. In the initial assessment, the complementary tests performed were as follows: - Basic laboratory tests (blood count, biochemistry, coagulation), including 11,260 leukocytes/μl (91.3% neutrophils), CRP 547.9 mg/l, procalcitonin 1.69 ng/ml, fibrinogen 1,200 mg/dl, CK 124 U/L, ultrasensitive troponin T 15 ng/l, GOT 103 U/L and GPT 90 U/L. - Chest X-ray showed bilateral pleural effusion, predominantly on the right, with pneumonic infiltrate in the left lower lobe. - ECG: sinus tachycardia at 124 bpm, with no other pathological findings. - Urine system without pathological findings. Differential diagnosis From a syndromic point of view, and after performing the basic complementary tests on arrival at the ED, the most likely diagnosis is respiratory sepsis due to community-acquired pneumonia in the left lower lobe (cough, fever, acute phase chest pain, focus of pneumonic condensation on chest X-ray, tachycardia), although this would not explain the existence of right pleural effusion and bibasal crackles on auscultation. The appearance of chest and interscapular pain, despite its atypical characteristics, makes it necessary to rule out the presence of cardiac pathology such as acute coronary syndrome or intrathoracic dissecting aortic aneurysm. The absence of electrical changes and elevated cardiac enzymes makes the first diagnosis improbable; for the second, we would require new complementary examinations (echocardiogram, chest CT scan), although it seems less likely due to its lower frequency and the absence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension or smoking. With regard to the bilateral pleural effusion with bibasal crackles, in addition to the possibility that the left pleural effusion could be parapneumonic or even an empyema, it suggests the possibility of left heart failure. This, ruling out the previously mentioned cardiovascular pathologies, could be framed in the context of infective endocarditis on native valve or other valvulopathies, pericardial involvement (pericarditis, pericardial effusion), or much less prevalent diseases with cardiopulmonary involvement (atrial myxoma, cardiac amyloidosis, connective tissue diseases). No murmurs or pericardial friction rub were observed on examination, and the ECG showed no signs of acute pericarditis. However, to completely rule out these conditions, an echocardiogram and other analytical tests would be necessary. Other diagnostic possibilities that could explain the presence of bilateral crackles include pulmonary fibrosis or carcinomatous lymphangitis, although in the absence of other symptoms and signs it seems reasonable to rule these out at least at the initial stage. The scapular pain could also be related to musculoskeletal lesions (contracture secondary to exercise, plasmacytoma-type lytic lesion or metastasis of unknown primary). The former had been treated unsuccessfully, while the latter can be ruled out as no bony lesions were seen on the chest X-ray. The elevated transaminases could be related to a wide range of possibilities: hepatic steatosis, chronic infection by hepatitis B or C virus, acute infection by other hepatotropic viruses (Q fever, cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, etc.), unrecognised enolism, low cardiac output due to heart failure, space-occupying lesions in the liver, etc. Further laboratory tests and abdominal ultrasound were necessary to clarify this. Evolution The patient was hospitalised in the Internal Medicine Unit. On admission, serology was performed for HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis, CMV and EBV, all of which were negative. ANA and ANCA tests were negative, ruling out autoimmune pathology. Abdominal ultrasound showed signs of hepatic steatosis, which could explain the slight elevation of transaminases, in addition to the pleural effusion. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, reporting severe pericardial effusion with echocardiographic data of haemodynamic compromise. In view of the presence of pleural and pericardial effusion, diagnostic thoracentesis and pericardiocentesis were performed with placement of pericardial drainage and outflow of purulent material, whose respective cytobiochemical results were compatible with polymorphonuclear exudate without empyema characteristics (right pleural fluid: pH 7.43, 1. 102 leukocytes with 77% polymorphonuclear, glucose 100 mg/dl, protein 5.7 g/dl, LDH 631 U/L; pericardial fluid: pH 7.39, 31,729 leukocytes with 93% polymorphonuclear, glucose <2 mg/dl, protein 6.8 g/dl, LDH 2317 U/L). ADA determination was normal and tumour markers and cultures (including mycobacteria) were negative. Cytological analysis showed only evidence of significant acute non-specific inflammation. Two blood culture samples isolated non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae. The patient received intravenous antibiotic treatment (ceftriaxone + levofloxacin) for 14 days, followed by a total of 4 weeks of oral treatment with levofloxacin. In addition, depletive treatment with furosemide and anti-inflammatory treatment with ibuprofen was carried out. The evolution was favourable from the clinical (disappearance of cough, chest and interscapular pain, and reduction of crepitant rales), analytical (normalisation of acute phase reactants), radiological (reduction of pleural effusion) and echocardiographic (at discharge, slight pericardial effusion with no evidence of pericarditis) points of view. Final diagnosis Finally, the patient was diagnosed with community-acquired left lower lobe pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae bacteraemia and purulent pleuropericarditis with severe pericardial effusion and secondary heart failure.
[ "A", "57-year-old", "man", ",", "ex-smoker", "for", "28", "years", ",", "with", "low-risk", "IgG", "kappa", "monoclonal", "gammopathy", ",", "and", "a", "totally", "active", "and", "independent", "life", "(", "he", "goes", "to", "the", "gym", "and", "exercises", "daily", ")", ".", "Two", "weeks", "before", "his", "admission", ",", "he", "began", "with", "a", "dry", "cough", "and", "fever", "that", "he", "attributed", "to", "an", "upper", "respiratory", "catarrh", ".", "A", "few", "days", "later", "he", "suffered", "chest", "pain", "with", "atypical", "characteristics", ",", "radiating", "to", "the", "interscapular", "region", "and", "left", "scapula", ",", "for", "which", "he", "went", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "and", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "a", "possible", "muscle", "contracture", ".", "He", "started", "treatment", "with", "analgesics", ",", "anti-inflammatory", "drugs", "and", "a", "muscle", "relaxant", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "cough", "suppressant", ".", "Given", "the", "persistence", "of", "cough", "and", "pain", "despite", "the", "prescribed", "treatment", ",", "he", "returned", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", ".", "At", "no", "time", "had", "she", "presented", "with", "dyspnoea", ".", "Examination", "revealed", "a", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "BP", "110", "/", "74", "mmHg", ",", "HR", "95", "bpm", ",", "Ta", "36", "oC", ",", "baseline", "SpO2", "93", "%", ",", "without", "tachypnoea", "or", "respiratory", "work", ".", "Cardiac", "auscultation", "was", "normal", ",", "and", "pulmonary", "auscultation", "showed", "bibasal", "crackles", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "examination", "showed", "no", "pathological", "findings", ".", "In", "the", "initial", "assessment", ",", "the", "complementary", "tests", "performed", "were", "as", "follows", ":", "-", "Basic", "laboratory", "tests", "(", "blood", "count", ",", "biochemistry", ",", "coagulation", ")", ",", "including", "11", ",", "260", "leukocytes", "/", "μl", "(", "91", ".", "3", "%", "neutrophils", ")", ",", "CRP", "547", ".", "9", "mg", "/", "l", ",", "procalcitonin", "1", ".", "69", "ng", "/", "ml", ",", "fibrinogen", "1", ",", "200", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "CK", "124", "U", "/", "L", ",", "ultrasensitive", "troponin", "T", "15", "ng", "/", "l", ",", "GOT", "103", "U", "/", "L", "and", "GPT", "90", "U", "/", "L", ".", "-", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "bilateral", "pleural", "effusion", ",", "predominantly", "on", "the", "right", ",", "with", "pneumonic", "infiltrate", "in", "the", "left", "lower", "lobe", ".", "-", "ECG", ":", "sinus", "tachycardia", "at", "124", "bpm", ",", "with", "no", "other", "pathological", "findings", ".", "-", "Urine", "system", "without", "pathological", "findings", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "From", "a", "syndromic", "point", "of", "view", ",", "and", "after", "performing", "the", "basic", "complementary", "tests", "on", "arrival", "at", "the", "ED", ",", "the", "most", "likely", "diagnosis", "is", "respiratory", "sepsis", "due", "to", "community-acquired", "pneumonia", "in", "the", "left", "lower", "lobe", "(", "cough", ",", "fever", ",", "acute", "phase", "chest", "pain", ",", "focus", "of", "pneumonic", "condensation", "on", "chest", "X-ray", ",", "tachycardia", ")", ",", "although", "this", "would", "not", "explain", "the", "existence", "of", "right", "pleural", "effusion", "and", "bibasal", "crackles", "on", "auscultation", ".", "The", "appearance", "of", "chest", "and", "interscapular", "pain", ",", "despite", "its", "atypical", "characteristics", ",", "makes", "it", "necessary", "to", "rule", "out", "the", "presence", "of", "cardiac", "pathology", "such", "as", "acute", "coronary", "syndrome", "or", "intrathoracic", "dissecting", "aortic", "aneurysm", ".", "The", "absence", "of", "electrical", "changes", "and", "elevated", "cardiac", "enzymes", "makes", "the", "first", "diagnosis", "improbable", ";", "for", "the", "second", ",", "we", "would", "require", "new", "complementary", "examinations", "(", "echocardiogram", ",", "chest", "CT", "scan", ")", ",", "although", "it", "seems", "less", "likely", "due", "to", "its", "lower", "frequency", "and", "the", "absence", "of", "cardiovascular", "risk", "factors", "such", "as", "hypertension", "or", "smoking", ".", "With", "regard", "to", "the", "bilateral", "pleural", "effusion", "with", "bibasal", "crackles", ",", "in", "addition", "to", "the", "possibility", "that", "the", "left", "pleural", "effusion", "could", "be", "parapneumonic", "or", "even", "an", "empyema", ",", "it", "suggests", "the", "possibility", "of", "left", "heart", "failure", ".", "This", ",", "ruling", "out", "the", "previously", "mentioned", "cardiovascular", "pathologies", ",", "could", "be", "framed", "in", "the", "context", "of", "infective", "endocarditis", "on", "native", "valve", "or", "other", "valvulopathies", ",", "pericardial", "involvement", "(", "pericarditis", ",", "pericardial", "effusion", ")", ",", "or", "much", "less", "prevalent", "diseases", "with", "cardiopulmonary", "involvement", "(", "atrial", "myxoma", ",", "cardiac", "amyloidosis", ",", "connective", "tissue", "diseases", ")", ".", "No", "murmurs", "or", "pericardial", "friction", "rub", "were", "observed", "on", "examination", ",", "and", "the", "ECG", "showed", "no", "signs", "of", "acute", "pericarditis", ".", "However", ",", "to", "completely", "rule", "out", "these", "conditions", ",", "an", "echocardiogram", "and", "other", "analytical", "tests", "would", "be", "necessary", ".", "Other", "diagnostic", "possibilities", "that", "could", "explain", "the", "presence", "of", "bilateral", "crackles", "include", "pulmonary", "fibrosis", "or", "carcinomatous", "lymphangitis", ",", "although", "in", "the", "absence", "of", "other", "symptoms", "and", "signs", "it", "seems", "reasonable", "to", "rule", "these", "out", "at", "least", "at", "the", "initial", "stage", ".", "The", "scapular", "pain", "could", "also", "be", "related", "to", "musculoskeletal", "lesions", "(", "contracture", "secondary", "to", "exercise", ",", "plasmacytoma-type", "lytic", "lesion", "or", "metastasis", "of", "unknown", "primary", ")", ".", "The", "former", "had", "been", "treated", "unsuccessfully", ",", "while", "the", "latter", "can", "be", "ruled", "out", "as", "no", "bony", "lesions", "were", "seen", "on", "the", "chest", "X-ray", ".", "The", "elevated", "transaminases", "could", "be", "related", "to", "a", "wide", "range", "of", "possibilities", ":", "hepatic", "steatosis", ",", "chronic", "infection", "by", "hepatitis", "B", "or", "C", "virus", ",", "acute", "infection", "by", "other", "hepatotropic", "viruses", "(", "Q", "fever", ",", "cytomegalovirus", ",", "Epstein", "Barr", "virus", ",", "etc", ".", ")", ",", "unrecognised", "enolism", ",", "low", "cardiac", "output", "due", "to", "heart", "failure", ",", "space-occupying", "lesions", "in", "the", "liver", ",", "etc", ".", "Further", "laboratory", "tests", "and", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "were", "necessary", "to", "clarify", "this", ".", "Evolution", "The", "patient", "was", "hospitalised", "in", "the", "Internal", "Medicine", "Unit", ".", "On", "admission", ",", "serology", "was", "performed", "for", "HIV", ",", "HBV", ",", "HCV", ",", "syphilis", ",", "CMV", "and", "EBV", ",", "all", "of", "which", "were", "negative", ".", "ANA", "and", "ANCA", "tests", "were", "negative", ",", "ruling", "out", "autoimmune", "pathology", ".", "Abdominal", "ultrasound", "showed", "signs", "of", "hepatic", "steatosis", ",", "which", "could", "explain", "the", "slight", "elevation", "of", "transaminases", ",", "in", "addition", "to", "the", "pleural", "effusion", ".", "A", "transthoracic", "echocardiogram", "was", "performed", ",", "reporting", "severe", "pericardial", "effusion", "with", "echocardiographic", "data", "of", "haemodynamic", "compromise", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "presence", "of", "pleural", "and", "pericardial", "effusion", ",", "diagnostic", "thoracentesis", "and", "pericardiocentesis", "were", "performed", "with", "placement", "of", "pericardial", "drainage", "and", "outflow", "of", "purulent", "material", ",", "whose", "respective", "cytobiochemical", "results", "were", "compatible", "with", "polymorphonuclear", "exudate", "without", "empyema", "characteristics", "(", "right", "pleural", "fluid", ":", "pH", "7", ".", "43", ",", "1", ".", "102", "leukocytes", "with", "77", "%", "polymorphonuclear", ",", "glucose", "100", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "protein", "5", ".", "7", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "LDH", "631", "U", "/", "L", ";", "pericardial", "fluid", ":", "pH", "7", ".", "39", ",", "31", ",", "729", "leukocytes", "with", "93", "%", "polymorphonuclear", ",", "glucose", "<", "2", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "protein", "6", ".", "8", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "LDH", "2317", "U", "/", "L", ")", ".", "ADA", "determination", "was", "normal", "and", "tumour", "markers", "and", "cultures", "(", "including", "mycobacteria", ")", "were", "negative", ".", "Cytological", "analysis", "showed", "only", "evidence", "of", "significant", "acute", "non-specific", "inflammation", ".", "Two", "blood", "culture", "samples", "isolated", "non-capsulated", "Haemophilus", "influenzae", ".", "The", "patient", "received", "intravenous", "antibiotic", "treatment", "(", "ceftriaxone", "+", "levofloxacin", ")", "for", "14", "days", ",", "followed", "by", "a", "total", "of", "4", "weeks", "of", "oral", "treatment", "with", "levofloxacin", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "depletive", "treatment", "with", "furosemide", "and", "anti-inflammatory", "treatment", "with", "ibuprofen", "was", "carried", "out", ".", "The", "evolution", "was", "favourable", "from", "the", "clinical", "(", "disappearance", "of", "cough", ",", "chest", "and", "interscapular", "pain", ",", "and", "reduction", "of", "crepitant", "rales", ")", ",", "analytical", "(", "normalisation", "of", "acute", "phase", "reactants", ")", ",", "radiological", "(", "reduction", "of", "pleural", "effusion", ")", "and", "echocardiographic", "(", "at", "discharge", ",", "slight", "pericardial", "effusion", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "pericarditis", ")", "points", "of", "view", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Finally", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "community-acquired", "left", "lower", "lobe", "pneumonia", ",", "Haemophilus", "influenzae", "bacteraemia", "and", "purulent", "pleuropericarditis", "with", "severe", "pericardial", "effusion", "and", "secondary", "heart", "failure", "." ]
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[ { "text": "cytomegalovirus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4262, "end": 4277 }, { "text": "HCV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4616, "end": 4619 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4606, "end": 4609 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 4509, "end": 4516 }, { "text": "syphilis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4621, "end": 4629 }, { "text": "Haemophilus influenzae", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 5842, "end": 5864 }, { "text": "mycobacteria", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 5673, "end": 5685 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 5871, "end": 5878 } ]
en
A 58-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression under treatment. He consulted for about two years of progressive cognitive deterioration. On admission he was haemodynamically stable and afebrile. Neurological examination revealed spatial-temporal disorientation, attention deficit, memory impairment and mild anisocoria, with no other neurological focality. Laboratory tests showed unaltered renal and hepatic function, thiamine and vitamin B12 levels in normal range and no elevated inflammatory parameters. Diagnosis: Neurosyphilis with manifestations of meningovascular and neuropsychiatric forms. Result An MRI of the brain showed a hyperintense right lenticule-capsular lesion in T2 and T2 FLAIR, with enhancement after Gadolinium administration and slight signal hyperintensity in the diffusion sequence, but without restriction in the ADC map, compatible with ischaemic lesion in subacute stage of evolution. Signal hyperintensity is also observed in T2 and T2 FLAIR sequences at the cortico-subcortical level in the left mesial temporal region, involving the uncus and extending towards the anterior temporal pole, without representation in diffusion sequence, with similar changes on the right side, but of lesser amount. Moderate diffuse atrophy of the encephalic parenchyma is evident, as evidenced by larger ventricles and wider cortical sulci than expected for the patient's age. Right lenticulocapsular lesion hyperintense in T2 FLAIR and hypointense in T1, with enhancement after Gadolinium administration and slight signal hyperintensity in diffusion sequence, but without restriction in the ADC map, compatible with ischaemic lesion in subacute stage of evolution. Signal hyperintensity in T2 FLAIR sequences at the cortico-subcortical level in the left mesial temporal region, involving the uncus and extending towards the anterior temporal pole, with similar changes on the right side, but to a lesser extent. The lesion described showed slight signal hypointensity in T1 sequences, with no enhancement after Gadolinium administration. A lumbar puncture showed clear CSF with 5 leukocytes/mm3 (100% mononuclear), hyperproteinuria (256 mg/dL), normal glycorrhachia (62 mg/dL) and negative Gram stain, China ink stain and smear microscopy. Based on the findings of the brain MRI, PCR for herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in CSF were negative and VDRL and FTA-ABS in CSF were reactive (VDRL dilution 1:64). An electroencephalogram performed on the same day showed a slow baseline rhythm without epileptiform activity. The HIV infection test was negative. A diagnosis of neurosyphilis was made and treatment was started with Penicillin G 24 mU/day for 14 days, with which the patient showed partial improvement of his cognitive deterioration and resolution of his anisocoria. He was discharged once the antibiotic treatment was completed.
[ "A", "58-year-old", "male", "patient", "with", "a", "history", "of", "hypertension", ",", "type", "2", "diabetes", "mellitus", "and", "depression", "under", "treatment", ".", "He", "consulted", "for", "about", "two", "years", "of", "progressive", "cognitive", "deterioration", ".", "On", "admission", "he", "was", "haemodynamically", "stable", "and", "afebrile", ".", "Neurological", "examination", "revealed", "spatial-temporal", "disorientation", ",", "attention", "deficit", ",", "memory", "impairment", "and", "mild", "anisocoria", ",", "with", "no", "other", "neurological", "focality", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "unaltered", "renal", "and", "hepatic", "function", ",", "thiamine", "and", "vitamin", "B12", "levels", "in", "normal", "range", "and", "no", "elevated", "inflammatory", "parameters", ".", "Diagnosis", ":", "Neurosyphilis", "with", "manifestations", "of", "meningovascular", "and", "neuropsychiatric", "forms", ".", "Result", "An", "MRI", "of", "the", "brain", "showed", "a", "hyperintense", "right", "lenticule-capsular", "lesion", "in", "T2", "and", "T2", "FLAIR", ",", "with", "enhancement", "after", "Gadolinium", "administration", "and", "slight", "signal", "hyperintensity", "in", "the", "diffusion", "sequence", ",", "but", "without", "restriction", "in", "the", "ADC", "map", ",", "compatible", "with", "ischaemic", "lesion", "in", "subacute", "stage", "of", "evolution", ".", "Signal", "hyperintensity", "is", "also", "observed", "in", "T2", "and", "T2", "FLAIR", "sequences", "at", "the", "cortico-subcortical", "level", "in", "the", "left", "mesial", "temporal", "region", ",", "involving", "the", "uncus", "and", "extending", "towards", "the", "anterior", "temporal", "pole", ",", "without", "representation", "in", "diffusion", "sequence", ",", "with", "similar", "changes", "on", "the", "right", "side", ",", "but", "of", "lesser", "amount", ".", "Moderate", "diffuse", "atrophy", "of", "the", "encephalic", "parenchyma", "is", "evident", ",", "as", "evidenced", "by", "larger", "ventricles", "and", "wider", "cortical", "sulci", "than", "expected", "for", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "age", ".", "Right", "lenticulocapsular", "lesion", "hyperintense", "in", "T2", "FLAIR", "and", "hypointense", "in", "T1", ",", "with", "enhancement", "after", "Gadolinium", "administration", "and", "slight", "signal", "hyperintensity", "in", "diffusion", "sequence", ",", "but", "without", "restriction", "in", "the", "ADC", "map", ",", "compatible", "with", "ischaemic", "lesion", "in", "subacute", "stage", "of", "evolution", ".", "Signal", "hyperintensity", "in", "T2", "FLAIR", "sequences", "at", "the", "cortico-subcortical", "level", "in", "the", "left", "mesial", "temporal", "region", ",", "involving", "the", "uncus", "and", "extending", "towards", "the", "anterior", "temporal", "pole", ",", "with", "similar", "changes", "on", "the", "right", "side", ",", "but", "to", "a", "lesser", "extent", ".", "The", "lesion", "described", "showed", "slight", "signal", "hypointensity", "in", "T1", "sequences", ",", "with", "no", "enhancement", "after", "Gadolinium", "administration", ".", "A", "lumbar", "puncture", "showed", "clear", "CSF", "with", "5", "leukocytes", "/", "mm3", "(", "100", "%", "mononuclear", ")", ",", "hyperproteinuria", "(", "256", "mg", "/", "dL", ")", ",", "normal", "glycorrhachia", "(", "62", "mg", "/", "dL", ")", "and", "negative", "Gram", "stain", ",", "China", "ink", "stain", "and", "smear", "microscopy", ".", "Based", "on", "the", "findings", "of", "the", "brain", "MRI", ",", "PCR", "for", "herpes", "simplex", "virus", "type", "1", "and", "2", "in", "CSF", "were", "negative", "and", "VDRL", "and", "FTA-ABS", "in", "CSF", "were", "reactive", "(", "VDRL", "dilution", "1", ":", "64", ")", ".", "An", "electroencephalogram", "performed", "on", "the", "same", "day", "showed", "a", "slow", "baseline", "rhythm", "without", "epileptiform", "activity", ".", "The", "HIV", "infection", "test", "was", "negative", ".", "A", "diagnosis", "of", "neurosyphilis", "was", "made", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "Penicillin", "G", "24", "mU", "/", "day", "for", "14", "days", ",", "with", "which", "the", "patient", "showed", "partial", "improvement", "of", "his", "cognitive", "deterioration", "and", "resolution", "of", "his", "anisocoria", ".", "He", "was", "discharged", "once", "the", "antibiotic", "treatment", "was", "completed", "." ]
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en
A 34-year-old male from Gambia attended the Infectious Diseases outpatient clinic for the first time in November 2012, referred by ENT for a nasal lesion and tonsillar pillars compatible with rhinoscleroma. Personal history included the presence, since the age of 20, of a wound in the nose, in the upper part of the nasal septum, which oozed contents without a foul odour, treated in his country, which took about two months to heal and years later, rhinorrhoea and a sensation of nasal obstruction reappeared. He also presented occasional nocturnal tremors for 3-4 years, which he interpreted as fever. The patient was a Gambian national, with a migratory route: Gambia-Libya-Italy-Spain (2010). He lives with 4 people in acceptable hygienic-social conditions. No known drug allergies. He came for consultation, referred from ENT, due to a nasal lesion and a lesion on the roof of the tonsillar pillars, biopsies of which were taken and where it was demonstrated, by anatomopathological study, the presence of Mikulicz cells harbouring coco-bacillary bacterial structures, and a suspected diagnosis of rhinoscleroma without microbiological diagnosis. At the time of this first visit, the patient presented permanent rhinorrhoea and a sensation of nasal obstruction that prevented him from breathing properly. Physical examination revealed scarring in the upper nasal area. Absence of uvula. Small palatine tonsils. The rest of the examination showed no significant findings. Complementary tests: - Haemoglobin 14g/dL, MCV 99, Leukocytes 5.48x103/μL (Neutrophils 2.99x103 /μL), Platelets 187x103 /μL. ESR 4 mm/h. - Biochemistry: Normal hepatorenal profile. CRP 0.00 mg/dL. Total protein 7.58 g/dL. Antistreptolysin 55 U/mL, Rheumatoid factor 9.7 U/mL. - Serologies: Negative for Brucella, Cytomegalovirus, Lúes, HIV and Hepatitis C. IgG 3.6 for Epstein-Barr virus, IgG 354 and IgM 0.65 for Toxoplasma. HBsAg negative AntiHBc positive, AntiHBs positive. - Sputum culture: Development of oropharyngeal flora. BAAR are not observed. No mycobacterial growth. - Chest X-ray: Normal cardiothoracic index. No infiltrate or condensation. - CT scan of the paranasal sinuses: Occupation by soft tissue of both nostrils, causing expansion of these nostrils, as well as demineralisation and loss of definition of the cartilages of the turbinates. Nasal septum displaced to the left. Polypoid lesions. Referred back to ENT for surgical cleaning and taking of samples for microbiological study, and the patient did not return to the clinic until 2015. Differential diagnosis The initial differential diagnosis would include fungal infections, granulomatous diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, leprosy, vasculitis, Wegener's granulomatosis or verrucous carcinoma as well as basal cell carcinoma and other infections such as mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, rhinosporidiosis, sporotrichosis, blastomycosis and paracoccidiodomycosis. Evolution The patient did not attend for a check-up, as he had to travel for work reasons and the follow-up was lost. Three years later he reappeared at the clinic with the same problem. It is not clear whether he has been treated. He was assessed again by the ENT, this time taking samples for microbiological study, where Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis were isolated. Negative culture for mycobacteria. Both pathogens were sensitive, according to the antibiogram, to Ciprofloxacin, so treatment was decided with this antibiotic, at a dose of 500mg every 12 hours for 6 months, with close follow-up with primary care to monitor tolerance and adherence. Final diagnosis Both microbiological and anatomopathological data point to Rhinoscleroma.
[ "A", "34-year-old", "male", "from", "Gambia", "attended", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "outpatient", "clinic", "for", "the", "first", "time", "in", "November", "2012", ",", "referred", "by", "ENT", "for", "a", "nasal", "lesion", "and", "tonsillar", "pillars", "compatible", "with", "rhinoscleroma", ".", "Personal", "history", "included", "the", "presence", ",", "since", "the", "age", "of", "20", ",", "of", "a", "wound", "in", "the", "nose", ",", "in", "the", "upper", "part", "of", "the", "nasal", "septum", ",", "which", "oozed", "contents", "without", "a", "foul", "odour", ",", "treated", "in", "his", "country", ",", "which", "took", "about", "two", "months", "to", "heal", "and", "years", "later", ",", "rhinorrhoea", "and", "a", "sensation", "of", "nasal", "obstruction", "reappeared", ".", "He", "also", "presented", "occasional", "nocturnal", "tremors", "for", "3-4", "years", ",", "which", "he", "interpreted", "as", "fever", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "a", "Gambian", "national", ",", "with", "a", "migratory", "route", ":", "Gambia-Libya-Italy-Spain", "(", "2010", ")", ".", "He", "lives", "with", "4", "people", "in", "acceptable", "hygienic-social", "conditions", ".", "No", "known", "drug", "allergies", ".", "He", "came", "for", "consultation", ",", "referred", "from", "ENT", ",", "due", "to", "a", "nasal", "lesion", "and", "a", "lesion", "on", "the", "roof", "of", "the", "tonsillar", "pillars", ",", "biopsies", "of", "which", "were", "taken", "and", "where", "it", "was", "demonstrated", ",", "by", "anatomopathological", "study", ",", "the", "presence", "of", "Mikulicz", "cells", "harbouring", "coco-bacillary", "bacterial", "structures", ",", "and", "a", "suspected", "diagnosis", "of", "rhinoscleroma", "without", "microbiological", "diagnosis", ".", "At", "the", "time", "of", "this", "first", "visit", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "permanent", "rhinorrhoea", "and", "a", "sensation", "of", "nasal", "obstruction", "that", "prevented", "him", "from", "breathing", "properly", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "scarring", "in", "the", "upper", "nasal", "area", ".", "Absence", "of", "uvula", ".", "Small", "palatine", "tonsils", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "examination", "showed", "no", "significant", "findings", ".", "Complementary", "tests", ":", "-", "Haemoglobin", "14g", "/", "dL", ",", "MCV", "99", ",", "Leukocytes", "5", ".", "48x103", "/", "μL", "(", "Neutrophils", "2", ".", "99x103", "/", "μL", ")", ",", "Platelets", "187x103", "/", "μL", ".", "ESR", "4", "mm", "/", "h", ".", "-", "Biochemistry", ":", "Normal", "hepatorenal", "profile", ".", "CRP", "0", ".", "00", "mg", "/", "dL", ".", "Total", "protein", "7", ".", "58", "g", "/", "dL", ".", "Antistreptolysin", "55", "U", "/", "mL", ",", "Rheumatoid", "factor", "9", ".", "7", "U", "/", "mL", ".", "-", "Serologies", ":", "Negative", "for", "Brucella", ",", "Cytomegalovirus", ",", "Lúes", ",", "HIV", "and", "Hepatitis", "C", ".", "IgG", "3", ".", "6", "for", "Epstein-Barr", "virus", ",", "IgG", "354", "and", "IgM", "0", ".", "65", "for", "Toxoplasma", ".", "HBsAg", "negative", "AntiHBc", "positive", ",", "AntiHBs", "positive", ".", "-", "Sputum", "culture", ":", "Development", "of", "oropharyngeal", "flora", ".", "BAAR", "are", "not", "observed", ".", "No", "mycobacterial", "growth", ".", "-", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "Normal", "cardiothoracic", "index", ".", "No", "infiltrate", "or", "condensation", ".", "-", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "paranasal", "sinuses", ":", "Occupation", "by", "soft", "tissue", "of", "both", "nostrils", ",", "causing", "expansion", "of", "these", "nostrils", ",", "as", "well", "as", "demineralisation", "and", "loss", "of", "definition", "of", "the", "cartilages", "of", "the", "turbinates", ".", "Nasal", "septum", "displaced", "to", "the", "left", ".", "Polypoid", "lesions", ".", "Referred", "back", "to", "ENT", "for", "surgical", "cleaning", "and", "taking", "of", "samples", "for", "microbiological", "study", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "return", "to", "the", "clinic", "until", "2015", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "The", "initial", "differential", "diagnosis", "would", "include", "fungal", "infections", ",", "granulomatous", "diseases", "such", "as", "tuberculosis", ",", "sarcoidosis", ",", "leprosy", ",", "vasculitis", ",", "Wegener", "'", "s", "granulomatosis", "or", "verrucous", "carcinoma", "as", "well", "as", "basal", "cell", "carcinoma", "and", "other", "infections", "such", "as", "mucocutaneous", "leishmaniasis", ",", "rhinosporidiosis", ",", "sporotrichosis", ",", "blastomycosis", "and", "paracoccidiodomycosis", ".", "Evolution", "The", "patient", "did", "not", "attend", "for", "a", "check-up", ",", "as", "he", "had", "to", "travel", "for", "work", "reasons", "and", "the", "follow-up", "was", "lost", ".", "Three", "years", "later", "he", "reappeared", "at", "the", "clinic", "with", "the", "same", "problem", ".", "It", "is", "not", "clear", "whether", "he", "has", "been", "treated", ".", "He", "was", "assessed", "again", "by", "the", "ENT", ",", "this", "time", "taking", "samples", "for", "microbiological", "study", ",", "where", "Staphylococcus", "aureus", "and", "Klebsiella", "rhinoscleromatis", "were", "isolated", ".", "Negative", "culture", "for", "mycobacteria", ".", "Both", "pathogens", "were", "sensitive", ",", "according", "to", "the", "antibiogram", ",", "to", "Ciprofloxacin", ",", "so", "treatment", "was", "decided", "with", "this", "antibiotic", ",", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "500mg", "every", "12", "hours", "for", "6", "months", ",", "with", "close", "follow-up", "with", "primary", "care", "to", "monitor", "tolerance", "and", "adherence", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Both", "microbiological", "and", "anatomopathological", "data", "point", "to", "Rhinoscleroma", "." ]
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en
Polytrauma patient aged 39 years due to a fall of 2 metres. No relevant medical history. Examination revealed hypertension, tachycardia and 95% saturation, with diffuse peritonitis and abdominal palpation. Laboratory tests showed a pattern of cytolysis, metabolic acidosis, hyperamylasaemia and anaemia. Pancreatic laceration crossing more than 50% of the glandular thickness is associated with rupture of the main pancreatic duct, the more proximal to the head, the greater the likelihood. The presence of fluid between the splenic vein and the pancreas and peripancreatic fluid (serous or haematic) increases suspicion. Urgent laparotomy revealed rupture of the splenic capsule and complete section of the pancreatic body, with liponecrosis and inflammation of the peripancreatic fat and omentum. Corporo-caudal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed. The patient evolved with post-traumatic pancreatitis and organised collections, treated with drainage and antibiotherapy.
[ "Polytrauma", "patient", "aged", "39", "years", "due", "to", "a", "fall", "of", "2", "metres", ".", "No", "relevant", "medical", "history", ".", "Examination", "revealed", "hypertension", ",", "tachycardia", "and", "95", "%", "saturation", ",", "with", "diffuse", "peritonitis", "and", "abdominal", "palpation", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "a", "pattern", "of", "cytolysis", ",", "metabolic", "acidosis", ",", "hyperamylasaemia", "and", "anaemia", ".", "Pancreatic", "laceration", "crossing", "more", "than", "50", "%", "of", "the", "glandular", "thickness", "is", "associated", "with", "rupture", "of", "the", "main", "pancreatic", "duct", ",", "the", "more", "proximal", "to", "the", "head", ",", "the", "greater", "the", "likelihood", ".", "The", "presence", "of", "fluid", "between", "the", "splenic", "vein", "and", "the", "pancreas", "and", "peripancreatic", "fluid", "(", "serous", "or", "haematic", ")", "increases", "suspicion", ".", "Urgent", "laparotomy", "revealed", "rupture", "of", "the", "splenic", "capsule", "and", "complete", "section", "of", "the", "pancreatic", "body", ",", "with", "liponecrosis", "and", "inflammation", "of", "the", "peripancreatic", "fat", "and", "omentum", ".", "Corporo-caudal", "pancreatectomy", "with", "splenectomy", "was", "performed", ".", "The", "patient", "evolved", "with", "post-traumatic", "pancreatitis", "and", "organised", "collections", ",", "treated", "with", "drainage", "and", "antibiotherapy", "." ]
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 11, "end": 18 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 866, "end": 873 } ]
en
A 54-year-old male patient, smoker and moderate drinker, allergic to penicillins, with a history of episodes of maxillary sinusitis and pansinusitis. He was diagnosed with a plasmacytoma of the left frontal sinus following a sinus puncture biopsy in another hospital, where it was surgically excised by means of an incision at the level of the left eyebrow and an osteotomy of the anterior wall of the sinus. A fragment of the sinus cavity was obtained for anatomopathological analysis confirming the presence of the plasmacytoma. Histopathological analysis of the excised sinus mucosa was also performed, which was reported as a possible abscessed mucocele (mucopiocele). He was subsequently referred to the haematology department of our hospital for further treatment. Bone scintigraphy showed pathological deposition of the tracer in the maxillary sinus, nasal bones and frontal sinuses, suggesting the presence of myeloma. Three cycles of chemotherapy were administered one month apart, consisting of vincristine, adriomycin and dexamethasone + Aredia (1st cycle); cyclophosphamide, etopoxide, dexamethasone + Aredia (2nd cycle); and cyclophosphamide, adriomycin, dexamethasone + Aredia (3rd cycle). Two days after the end of the third cycle of chemotherapy treatment, an increase in tumour was observed in the frontal region, with signs of local inflammation of 24 hours of evolution. On examination, a soft tumour was palpable in the frontal region draining abundant purulent material through two orifices located in the eyebrow, with headache and fever of 38oC. Samples were taken for culture and antibiogram (no microorganisms were isolated). Skull X-ray showed a radiolucent area at the level of the frontal bone. CT and MRI confirmed the presence of thickening of the frontal bone and occupation of its cavities with a lytic area on the left side suggestive of osteomyelitis with areas of sequestration at frontal level. The patient was referred to our Maxillofacial Surgery Department and after evaluation of the patient, it was decided to carry out surgical treatment. A butterfly incision was made in the glabellar region including the fistulous tract. After detaching the flap, the frontal sinus, which had lost its external table, was visualised, cleaned and curetted, and the sinus walls were reamed with rotating material. A 50 cc cortico-cancellous bone graft was taken from the right proximal tibia using a trocar, which was mixed with a previously prepared PRP growth factor-rich fraction concentrate. 250 cc of venous blood was drawn to prepare the PRP, centrifuged using a two-stage technique (Platelet Concentrate Collection System PCCS; 3i/Implant Innovations, Palm Beach Gardens, FL®), and the two fractions were separated. Prior to application, the PRP clot was activated by calcium chloride. In total, a mixture of 40 cc of material was obtained, with which both sinus cavities were completely filled. The surgical wound was sutured and plasma poor in growth factors was placed over the scar. The curettage material from both sinus cavities was sent for pathology analysis. The result reported the presence of mixed inflammatory tissue with bone and soft tissue involvement, ruling out recurrence of plasmacytoma, and the diagnosis was chronic osteomyelitis of the frontal sinus. The patient was discharged after five days of hospitalisation with no symptoms or postoperative complications. There were no complications at the donor site, and the patient was discharged without discomfort. CT scans were performed six and twelve months after the operation, showing complete filling of the sinus cavity, with no signs of disease. The patient had no further frontal swelling or discharge, headaches or fever. The aesthetic appearance of the surgical wound is very satisfactory....
[ "A", "54-year-old", "male", "patient", ",", "smoker", "and", "moderate", "drinker", ",", "allergic", "to", "penicillins", ",", "with", "a", "history", "of", "episodes", "of", "maxillary", "sinusitis", "and", "pansinusitis", ".", "He", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "a", "plasmacytoma", "of", "the", "left", "frontal", "sinus", "following", "a", "sinus", "puncture", "biopsy", "in", "another", "hospital", ",", "where", "it", "was", "surgically", "excised", "by", "means", "of", "an", "incision", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "left", "eyebrow", "and", "an", "osteotomy", "of", "the", "anterior", "wall", "of", "the", "sinus", ".", "A", "fragment", "of", "the", "sinus", "cavity", "was", "obtained", "for", "anatomopathological", "analysis", "confirming", "the", "presence", "of", "the", "plasmacytoma", ".", "Histopathological", "analysis", "of", "the", "excised", "sinus", "mucosa", "was", "also", "performed", ",", "which", "was", "reported", "as", "a", "possible", "abscessed", "mucocele", "(", "mucopiocele", ")", ".", "He", "was", "subsequently", "referred", "to", "the", "haematology", "department", "of", "our", "hospital", "for", "further", "treatment", ".", "Bone", "scintigraphy", "showed", "pathological", "deposition", "of", "the", "tracer", "in", "the", "maxillary", "sinus", ",", "nasal", "bones", "and", "frontal", "sinuses", ",", "suggesting", "the", "presence", "of", "myeloma", ".", "Three", "cycles", "of", "chemotherapy", "were", "administered", "one", "month", "apart", ",", "consisting", "of", "vincristine", ",", "adriomycin", "and", "dexamethasone", "+", "Aredia", "(", "1st", "cycle", ")", ";", "cyclophosphamide", ",", "etopoxide", ",", "dexamethasone", "+", "Aredia", "(", "2nd", "cycle", ")", ";", "and", "cyclophosphamide", ",", "adriomycin", ",", "dexamethasone", "+", "Aredia", "(", "3rd", "cycle", ")", ".", "Two", "days", "after", "the", "end", "of", "the", "third", "cycle", "of", "chemotherapy", "treatment", ",", "an", "increase", "in", "tumour", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "frontal", "region", ",", "with", "signs", "of", "local", "inflammation", "of", "24", "hours", "of", "evolution", ".", "On", "examination", ",", "a", "soft", "tumour", "was", "palpable", "in", "the", "frontal", "region", "draining", "abundant", "purulent", "material", "through", "two", "orifices", "located", "in", "the", "eyebrow", ",", "with", "headache", "and", "fever", "of", "38oC", ".", "Samples", "were", "taken", "for", "culture", "and", "antibiogram", "(", "no", "microorganisms", "were", "isolated", ")", ".", "Skull", "X-ray", "showed", "a", "radiolucent", "area", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "frontal", "bone", ".", "CT", "and", "MRI", "confirmed", "the", "presence", "of", "thickening", "of", "the", "frontal", "bone", "and", "occupation", "of", "its", "cavities", "with", "a", "lytic", "area", "on", "the", "left", "side", "suggestive", "of", "osteomyelitis", "with", "areas", "of", "sequestration", "at", "frontal", "level", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "referred", "to", "our", "Maxillofacial", "Surgery", "Department", "and", "after", "evaluation", "of", "the", "patient", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "carry", "out", "surgical", "treatment", ".", "A", "butterfly", "incision", "was", "made", "in", "the", "glabellar", "region", "including", "the", "fistulous", "tract", ".", "After", "detaching", "the", "flap", ",", "the", "frontal", "sinus", ",", "which", "had", "lost", "its", "external", "table", ",", "was", "visualised", ",", "cleaned", "and", "curetted", ",", "and", "the", "sinus", "walls", "were", "reamed", "with", "rotating", "material", ".", "A", "50", "cc", "cortico-cancellous", "bone", "graft", "was", "taken", "from", "the", "right", "proximal", "tibia", "using", "a", "trocar", ",", "which", "was", "mixed", "with", "a", "previously", "prepared", "PRP", "growth", "factor-rich", "fraction", "concentrate", ".", "250", "cc", "of", "venous", "blood", "was", "drawn", "to", "prepare", "the", "PRP", ",", "centrifuged", "using", "a", "two-stage", "technique", "(", "Platelet", "Concentrate", "Collection", "System", "PCCS", ";", "3i", "/", "Implant", "Innovations", ",", "Palm", "Beach", "Gardens", ",", "FL", "®", ")", ",", "and", "the", "two", "fractions", "were", "separated", ".", "Prior", "to", "application", ",", "the", "PRP", "clot", "was", "activated", "by", "calcium", "chloride", ".", "In", "total", ",", "a", "mixture", "of", "40", "cc", "of", "material", "was", "obtained", ",", "with", "which", "both", "sinus", "cavities", "were", "completely", "filled", ".", "The", "surgical", "wound", "was", "sutured", "and", "plasma", "poor", "in", "growth", "factors", "was", "placed", "over", "the", "scar", ".", "The", "curettage", "material", "from", "both", "sinus", "cavities", "was", "sent", "for", "pathology", "analysis", ".", "The", "result", "reported", "the", "presence", "of", "mixed", "inflammatory", "tissue", "with", "bone", "and", "soft", "tissue", "involvement", ",", "ruling", "out", "recurrence", "of", "plasmacytoma", ",", "and", "the", "diagnosis", "was", "chronic", "osteomyelitis", "of", "the", "frontal", "sinus", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "discharged", "after", "five", "days", "of", "hospitalisation", "with", "no", "symptoms", "or", "postoperative", "complications", ".", "There", "were", "no", "complications", "at", "the", "donor", "site", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "without", "discomfort", ".", "CT", "scans", "were", "performed", "six", "and", "twelve", "months", "after", "the", "operation", ",", "showing", "complete", "filling", "of", "the", "sinus", "cavity", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "disease", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "no", "further", "frontal", "swelling", "or", "discharge", ",", "headaches", "or", "fever", ".", "The", "aesthetic", "appearance", "of", "the", "surgical", "wound", "is", "very", "satisfactory", ".", ".", ".", "." ]
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en
We present a case of disseminated infection by Mycobacterium chelonae in a 58-year-old woman. Her personal history included: - Type II diabetes mellitus on treatment with vildagliptin 50mg /metformin 850mg. - Chronic renal insufficiency on dialysis treatment. - Chronic ischemic heart disease. Secondary dilated cardiomyopathy and LVEF 27%. Current disease: Presents multiple indurated nodular lesions with erythematous base on medial aspect of legs, arms and upper trunk. The skin lesions evolved into necrotic areas that fistulised and oozed into the skin. The lesion was biopsied and found to be compatible with neutrophilic lobular and septal panniculitis. Cultures showed growth of aerobic and anaerobic species present in any organism. Culture results for atypical fungi and mycobacteria were negative. The patient was admitted for worsening of the lesions, with multiple erythematous erythematous maculo-papular suppurative lesions with confluence and plaque formation with some deep ulceration with non-elevated borders. Biopsy of the lesions was repeated and collagen bands were observed. New cultures of the indurated lesions showed growth of Mycobacterium chelonae colonies sensitive in vitro to clarithromycin. Treatment with clarithromycin e.v. was started, but the cutaneous involvement worsened to the point of dissemination of the infection. She was admitted to the ICU. The patient finally died as a result of ventricular fibrillation during a dialysis session in the ICU.
[ "We", "present", "a", "case", "of", "disseminated", "infection", "by", "Mycobacterium", "chelonae", "in", "a", "58-year-old", "woman", ".", "Her", "personal", "history", "included", ":", "-", "Type", "II", "diabetes", "mellitus", "on", "treatment", "with", "vildagliptin", "50mg", "/", "metformin", "850mg", ".", "-", "Chronic", "renal", "insufficiency", "on", "dialysis", "treatment", ".", "-", "Chronic", "ischemic", "heart", "disease", ".", "Secondary", "dilated", "cardiomyopathy", "and", "LVEF", "27", "%", ".", "Current", "disease", ":", "Presents", "multiple", "indurated", "nodular", "lesions", "with", "erythematous", "base", "on", "medial", "aspect", "of", "legs", ",", "arms", "and", "upper", "trunk", ".", "The", "skin", "lesions", "evolved", "into", "necrotic", "areas", "that", "fistulised", "and", "oozed", "into", "the", "skin", ".", "The", "lesion", "was", "biopsied", "and", "found", "to", "be", "compatible", "with", "neutrophilic", "lobular", "and", "septal", "panniculitis", ".", "Cultures", "showed", "growth", "of", "aerobic", "and", "anaerobic", "species", "present", "in", "any", "organism", ".", "Culture", "results", "for", "atypical", "fungi", "and", "mycobacteria", "were", "negative", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "for", "worsening", "of", "the", "lesions", ",", "with", "multiple", "erythematous", "erythematous", "maculo-papular", "suppurative", "lesions", "with", "confluence", "and", "plaque", "formation", "with", "some", "deep", "ulceration", "with", "non-elevated", "borders", ".", "Biopsy", "of", "the", "lesions", "was", "repeated", "and", "collagen", "bands", "were", "observed", ".", "New", "cultures", "of", "the", "indurated", "lesions", "showed", "growth", "of", "Mycobacterium", "chelonae", "colonies", "sensitive", "in", "vitro", "to", "clarithromycin", ".", "Treatment", "with", "clarithromycin", "e", ".", "v", ".", "was", "started", ",", "but", "the", "cutaneous", "involvement", "worsened", "to", "the", "point", "of", "dissemination", "of", "the", "infection", ".", "She", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "ICU", ".", "The", "patient", "finally", "died", "as", "a", "result", "of", "ventricular", "fibrillation", "during", "a", "dialysis", "session", "in", "the", "ICU", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Mycobacterium chelonae", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 47, "end": 69 }, { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 87, "end": 92 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 99, "end": 107 }, { "text": "fungi", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 779, "end": 784 }, { "text": "organism", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 740, "end": 748 }, { "text": "aerobic and anaerobic species", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 695, "end": 724 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 822, "end": 829 }, { "text": "Mycobacterium chelonae", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1164, "end": 1186 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1404, "end": 1411 } ]
en
Anamnesis 55-year-old female patient with no medical or surgical history of interest. She was not taking chronic treatment. She was a menopausal woman, housewife and mother of two healthy children. The patient had no family history of neoplasms, nor did she report exposure to toxins or chemicals related to an increased incidence of neoplasms. For 4 months, the patient had been under study for progressive left coxalgia refractory to first- and second-step analgesics. The woman had recently undergone a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, which had not yet been assessed in the doctor's office, showing a tumour-like lesion affecting the proximal femoral diaphysis of the left leg and soft tissues. The patient consulted her referral hospital for a sudden high intensity headache of 4 hours' duration, accompanied by poor general condition and vomiting. Initially, the neurological examination was unremarkable. Due to these symptoms, a cranial computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, showing intraparenchymal bleeding compatible with brain metastasis. For this reason, the patient was transferred to the neurosurgery department of our hospital and, once admitted, a consultation was made. Physical examination Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Scale: 3. Karnofsky Scale: 50. Orientation only in person. Bradybalic. Cranial nerves preserved. Rest of neurological examination with no findings. No palpable adenopathies were found in the otorhinolaryngological examination. Cardiac, respiratory and abdominal examination was uneventful. On examination of the lower limbs, a mass measuring 9-10 centimetres (cm) in maximum length, hard, fixed to deep planes and painless, was palpable in the proximal third of the left hind limb. Complementary tests "Serial laboratory tests on 9 and 19 May: alkaline phosphatase: normal. LDH: 312 and 404 U/l. "X-ray of the femur: hyperinflation of the cortical cortex and "onion layer" image in the middle third of the left femur. "Chest X-ray: bilateral pulmonary hyperintense nodular images in "balloon release". "CT of extremities: intramedullary lytic lesion in the proximal third of the left femoral diaphysis (7.3 cm) with hyperdense material. Posterior (0.9 cm) and medial (0.8 cm) cortical disruption. "Endosteal remodelling. Periosteal thickening in onion layers. Soft tissue mass (11 x 7.5 cm) in adductor and crural musculature. "Percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB): soft tissue biopsy 9 x 9 x 12 cm left parostal. "MRI of the brain with contrast: right temporal haemorrhagic lesion (2.8 cm) and left occipital haemorrhagic lesion (3.5 cm). Left parietooccipital leptomeningeal nodule capturing 1 cm. Left subdural and tentorial haematoma. "Soft tissue biopsy: large conglomerate of round or spindle cells with abundant mitoses. Large areas of necrosis are observed. Scanty osteoid in interstitial space. Immunohistochemistry: SATB2 positive. Conclusion: High grade small cell osteosarcoma. Diagnosis Small cell osteosarcoma (Hutter's) stage IV (brain and lung involvement). Treatment First line of polychemotherapy with cisplatin and adriamycin. Evolution At the start of admission, supportive treatment with corticosteroids, serotherapy, first and third step analgesia was started. Complete tumour staging and biopsy of the thigh lesion were performed. During the first days of admission, he presented progressive deterioration with a marked fluctuation in the level of consciousness, mixed aphasia and vertiginous syndrome with peripheral characteristics, which was stabilised by optimising medical treatment. Once the diagnosis was made, the patient was discussed in the Tumour Committee, which decided on first-line treatment with a polychemotherapy scheme based on cisplatin and adriamycin. Brain surgery and holocranial radiotherapy were initially rejected. The patient showed initial neurological improvement. Shortly afterwards, the patient again showed progressive deterioration with akathisia as the main symptom. Despite conservative measures, the patient did not improve and so, with the joint decision of the family, treatment aimed at symptom control was decided upon. The patient died on the 14th day of admission with no signs of suffering.
[ "Anamnesis", "55-year-old", "female", "patient", "with", "no", "medical", "or", "surgical", "history", "of", "interest", ".", "She", "was", "not", "taking", "chronic", "treatment", ".", "She", "was", "a", "menopausal", "woman", ",", "housewife", "and", "mother", "of", "two", "healthy", "children", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "no", "family", "history", "of", "neoplasms", ",", "nor", "did", "she", "report", "exposure", "to", "toxins", "or", "chemicals", "related", "to", "an", "increased", "incidence", "of", "neoplasms", ".", "For", "4", "months", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "been", "under", "study", "for", "progressive", "left", "coxalgia", "refractory", "to", "first", "-", "and", "second-step", "analgesics", ".", "The", "woman", "had", "recently", "undergone", "a", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", "scan", ",", "which", "had", "not", "yet", "been", "assessed", "in", "the", "doctor", "'", "s", "office", ",", "showing", "a", "tumour-like", "lesion", "affecting", "the", "proximal", "femoral", "diaphysis", "of", "the", "left", "leg", "and", "soft", "tissues", ".", "The", "patient", "consulted", "her", "referral", "hospital", "for", "a", "sudden", "high", "intensity", "headache", "of", "4", "hours", "'", "duration", ",", "accompanied", "by", "poor", "general", "condition", "and", "vomiting", ".", "Initially", ",", "the", "neurological", "examination", "was", "unremarkable", ".", "Due", "to", "these", "symptoms", ",", "a", "cranial", "computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "showing", "intraparenchymal", "bleeding", "compatible", "with", "brain", "metastasis", ".", "For", "this", "reason", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "neurosurgery", "department", "of", "our", "hospital", "and", ",", "once", "admitted", ",", "a", "consultation", "was", "made", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Eastern", "Cooperative", "Oncology", "Group", "(", "ECOG", ")", "Scale", ":", "3", ".", "Karnofsky", "Scale", ":", "50", ".", "Orientation", "only", "in", "person", ".", "Bradybalic", ".", "Cranial", "nerves", "preserved", ".", "Rest", "of", "neurological", "examination", "with", "no", "findings", ".", "No", "palpable", "adenopathies", "were", "found", "in", "the", "otorhinolaryngological", "examination", ".", "Cardiac", ",", "respiratory", "and", "abdominal", "examination", "was", "uneventful", ".", "On", "examination", "of", "the", "lower", "limbs", ",", "a", "mass", "measuring", "9-10", "centimetres", "(", "cm", ")", "in", "maximum", "length", ",", "hard", ",", "fixed", "to", "deep", "planes", "and", "painless", ",", "was", "palpable", "in", "the", "proximal", "third", "of", "the", "left", "hind", "limb", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "\"", "Serial", "laboratory", "tests", "on", "9", "and", "19", "May", ":", "alkaline", "phosphatase", ":", "normal", ".", "LDH", ":", "312", "and", "404", "U", "/", "l", ".", "\"", "X-ray", "of", "the", "femur", ":", "hyperinflation", "of", "the", "cortical", "cortex", "and", "\"", "onion", "layer", "\"", "image", "in", "the", "middle", "third", "of", "the", "left", "femur", ".", "\"", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "bilateral", "pulmonary", "hyperintense", "nodular", "images", "in", "\"", "balloon", "release", "\"", ".", "\"", "CT", "of", "extremities", ":", "intramedullary", "lytic", "lesion", "in", "the", "proximal", "third", "of", "the", "left", "femoral", "diaphysis", "(", "7", ".", "3", "cm", ")", "with", "hyperdense", "material", ".", "Posterior", "(", "0", ".", "9", "cm", ")", "and", "medial", "(", "0", ".", "8", "cm", ")", "cortical", "disruption", ".", "\"", "Endosteal", "remodelling", ".", "Periosteal", "thickening", "in", "onion", "layers", ".", "Soft", "tissue", "mass", "(", "11", "x", "7", ".", "5", "cm", ")", "in", "adductor", "and", "crural", "musculature", ".", "\"", "Percutaneous", "core", "needle", "biopsy", "(", "CNB", ")", ":", "soft", "tissue", "biopsy", "9", "x", "9", "x", "12", "cm", "left", "parostal", ".", "\"", "MRI", "of", "the", "brain", "with", "contrast", ":", "right", "temporal", "haemorrhagic", "lesion", "(", "2", ".", "8", "cm", ")", "and", "left", "occipital", "haemorrhagic", "lesion", "(", "3", ".", "5", "cm", ")", ".", "Left", "parietooccipital", "leptomeningeal", "nodule", "capturing", "1", "cm", ".", "Left", "subdural", "and", "tentorial", "haematoma", ".", "\"", "Soft", "tissue", "biopsy", ":", "large", "conglomerate", "of", "round", "or", "spindle", "cells", "with", "abundant", "mitoses", ".", "Large", "areas", "of", "necrosis", "are", "observed", ".", "Scanty", "osteoid", "in", "interstitial", "space", ".", "Immunohistochemistry", ":", "SATB2", "positive", ".", "Conclusion", ":", "High", "grade", "small", "cell", "osteosarcoma", ".", "Diagnosis", "Small", "cell", "osteosarcoma", "(", "Hutter", "'", "s", ")", "stage", "IV", "(", "brain", "and", "lung", "involvement", ")", ".", "Treatment", "First", "line", "of", "polychemotherapy", "with", "cisplatin", "and", "adriamycin", ".", "Evolution", "At", "the", "start", "of", "admission", ",", "supportive", "treatment", "with", "corticosteroids", ",", "serotherapy", ",", "first", "and", "third", "step", "analgesia", "was", "started", ".", "Complete", "tumour", "staging", "and", "biopsy", "of", "the", "thigh", "lesion", "were", "performed", ".", "During", "the", "first", "days", "of", "admission", ",", "he", "presented", "progressive", "deterioration", "with", "a", "marked", "fluctuation", "in", "the", "level", "of", "consciousness", ",", "mixed", "aphasia", "and", "vertiginous", "syndrome", "with", "peripheral", "characteristics", ",", "which", "was", "stabilised", "by", "optimising", "medical", "treatment", ".", "Once", "the", "diagnosis", "was", "made", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "discussed", "in", "the", "Tumour", "Committee", ",", "which", "decided", "on", "first-line", "treatment", "with", "a", "polychemotherapy", "scheme", "based", "on", "cisplatin", "and", "adriamycin", ".", "Brain", "surgery", "and", "holocranial", "radiotherapy", "were", "initially", "rejected", ".", "The", "patient", "showed", "initial", "neurological", "improvement", ".", "Shortly", "afterwards", ",", "the", "patient", "again", "showed", "progressive", "deterioration", "with", "akathisia", "as", "the", "main", "symptom", ".", "Despite", "conservative", "measures", ",", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "improve", "and", "so", ",", "with", "the", "joint", "decision", "of", "the", "family", ",", "treatment", "aimed", "at", "symptom", "control", "was", "decided", "upon", ".", "The", "patient", "died", "on", "the", "14th", "day", "of", "admission", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "suffering", "." ]
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en
We present the case of a 37-year-old man from Romania, resident in Spain for 6 years. He smoked about 30 cigarettes/day since he was 15 years old (33 packs/year). He worked in a plastics factory and was diagnosed with silicosis due to occupational exposure to sandblasting. He presented with pulmonary tuberculosis (TBP) 10 years previously treated in his country for six months with a daily regimen containing rifampicin. He came to the emergency department with a fever of 39oC of one week's evolution, dry cough and odynophagia with no other clinical findings on anamnesis by apparatus and systems. Physical examination: fever, 39oC, BP 130/70 mmHg, HR 112 bpm. RR 12. SatO2 98% at ambient FiO2. No peripheral lymph nodes were palpable. Cardiac auscultation was normal, with no murmurs or friction sounds. Pulmonary auscultation showed generalised hypophonesis without rales. The ED blood test showed 9600 x10e9/L leukocytes, 13.5% monocytes; the rest was normal. Renal function, ionogram and transaminases were normal. CRP 112mg/l. The ECG showed no relevant alterations. Chest X-ray showed increased cardiothoracic index, nodular image in the left upper lobe and bilateral perihilar interstitial infiltrate. Chest CT revealed progressive massive fibrosis secondary to silicosis with superimposed residual tuberculous fibrotic tracts, infectious involvement of the distal airway and severe pericardial effusion confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography revealing evidence of tamponade. Differential diagnosis On admission, the differential diagnosis was established among the causes of pericardial effusion: - Infectious causes: any microorganism can affect the pericardium. - Viruses, mainly coxsackievirus. HIV infection should also be considered. - Bacteria: the most frequently isolated in pericardial fluid are Staphylococcus spp, S. pneumoniae and Streptococcus spp. Less frequent, although to be considered in our patient, is tuberculous pericarditis (PTB). - Others: Rickettsiae, spirochetes, fungi, parasites, Tropheryma whippelii or Chlamydia. - Neoplastic causes: mainly breast cancer, lung cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma. - Autoimmune causes: the most frequent are systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. - Metabolic causes: uraemic pericarditis, hypothyroidism. - Other: secondary to acute myocardial infarction, radiation, post-surgical, trauma, pharmacological, chemotherapy. - Idiopathic: in up to 70% of cases, the aetiology of the effusion may not be established. Most are thought to be viral in origin. Evolution A pericardial window was performed, draining 150 ml of sero-sanguinolent fluid with 2380 leukocytes/μl (80% mononuclear) with ADA and glucose levels within normal limits. Given the clinical suspicion of tuberculous pericarditis, treatment was started with four first-line antituberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) without improvement. The HIV test was negative. Sputum smears and mycobacterial medium culture of four induced sputum samples were negative. Pericardial fluid smear microscopy was negative and mycobacterial culture showed M. tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin (R), isoniazid (I), pyrazinamide (P) and ethambutol (E) as well as to capreomycin and amikacin, and sensitive to other second-line drugs. Treatment was changed to moxifloxacin, prothionamide and linezolid and prednisone 50 mg/day was added. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was maintained for 18 months with good clinical evolution, and the patient was followed up for 24 months without relapse. Final diagnosis Tuberculous pericarditis due to multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis.
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[ { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1718, "end": 1721 }, { "text": "coxsackievirus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1702, "end": 1716 } ]
en
Anamnesis A 44-year-old woman consulted for headache and fever of 2 weeks' evolution. Her only personal history of interest was 5 years ago, she had a hormone-dependent infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma, stage pT2N0M0, which was treated by lumpectomy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy, and which has been in complete remission ever since. As a relevant family history, she lived with a sister who suffered from treated pulmonary tuberculosis 26 years ago. She maintains treatment with triptorelin (GnRH analogue) and exemestane (aromatase inhibitor). The current history began 2 weeks before the patient came to the emergency department, when she began with a low-grade fever that turned into a fever of up to 39.5oC in the last few days, associated with oppressive headache, predominantly in the occipital and cervical regions, although with holocranial extension, which has been progressing in intensity so that in the initial assessment she presented a VAS score of 7/10, and which did not improve with conventional analgesic treatment. She has also presented nausea and some vomiting of food content. She denies any symptoms suggestive of neurological focality, as well as any other systemic symptoms in the anamnesis by apparatus. Physical examination General physical examination: temperature 38.9 oC, blood pressure 130/80 mmHg, heart rate 120 bpm. No other alterations of interest. Neurological examination: slight nuchal rigidity, with negative Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs. The rest was normal. Complementary tests - In the ED, analytical studies were performed (basic biochemistry, haemogram, coagulation study) which showed no alterations except for LDH levels of 201 IU/l, with CRP < 0.3 mg/dl and procalcitonin 0.069 ng/ml. - Cranial computed tomography (CT) was normal, as were chest X-ray and urine systemic examination. - A lumbar puncture was performed with an opening pressure of 300 mm H2O, no blockages and clear cerebrospinal fluid. The result of the cytobiochemical study was 50 leukocytes/mm3 (15% polymorphonucleated, 85% mononucleated), 0 red blood cells/mm3, glucose 21 mg/dl (capillary glycaemia 133 mg/dl), protein 1.26 g/l. The remainder of the study was obtained from the blood. - The rest of the study was obtained throughout the patient's admission, of which the most relevant was the positive CSF culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex sensitive to streptomycin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, isoniazid and rifampicin. - CSF gamma interferon: 166 pg/ml. - PCR for mycobacteria, HSV and enterovirus in CSF: negative. - CSF culture for bacteria: negative. - CSF cytology negative for malignant cells. - CSF serology for lupus, Borrelia, Brucella and Cryptococcus neoformans: negative. - Fluorescence stains and mycobacterial cultures in sputum and urine: negative. - Serology in serum/plasma for HIV, HCV, HBV, syphilis, Brucella, Toxoplasma: negative. - Mantoux test: negative. - Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with intravenous contrast: leptomeningeal uptake at the level of both cerebral hemispheres and posterior fossa structures. Axial slice of FLAIR sequence with intravenous contrast MRI showing leptomeningeal uptake at the brainstem level. - Thoracic-abdominal-pelvic CT scan: no signs of lymph node recurrence or distant dissemination of her breast neoplasm. - Tumour markers: normal. Diagnosis Tuberculous meningitis. Treatment Initially, given the picture of meningitis with lymphocyte-predominant pleocytosis, hypoglycorrhoea and hyperproteinorrhoea of subacute onset, empirical antimicrobial treatment was started with ampicillin (2 g/4 h intravenous), acyclovir 10 mg/kg/8 h intravenous), ceftriaxone (2 g/12 h intravenous) and oral tuberculostatics, as well as dexamethasone (8 mg/6 h intravenous). After ruling out other infectious aetiologies (viral and bacterial), in addition to tumour (meningeal carcinomatosis) and non-infectious inflammation, he was maintained only on anti-tuberculosis treatment: isoniazid 300 mg/24 h (together with pyridoxine 300 mg/week), rifampicin 600 mg/24 h, pyrazinamide 2 g/24 h and levofloxacin 500 mg/12 h. Evolution The patient showed progressive improvement until she was asymptomatic and afebrile 10 days after starting treatment. As a pharmacological side effect, she presented progressive asymptomatic hepatopathy with a cytolytic profile, with GOT and GPT values of up to 141 and 208 IU/l, respectively, 15 days after starting treatment, making it necessary to replace isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide with second-line antituberculosis treatment (linezolid, ethambutol and amikacin, in addition to levofloxacin). Given the good evolution of the liver profile, the pharmacological treatment was progressively changed, so that she was discharged from hospital with isoniazid, rifampicin and levofloxacin for another 2 months and then isoniazid and rifampicin for another 9 months. On subsequent outpatient follow-up the patient remained asymptomatic and did not present any further complications.
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"complications", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis A 47-year-old male patient, with no previous history of interest, consulted for a decrease in meatal calibre and progressive worsening of voiding quality, with itching and lengthening of micturition time. Physical examination The patient presented with a good general appearance, with normal genitalia and no obvious skin lesions, with meatal stenosis, and surgical treatment was indicated. During the meatotomy, the urethral mucosa was found to be covered with lesions suggestive of condyloma acuminata, and urethroscopy was performed during the same surgical procedure. Complementary tests - In the urethrocystoscopy, pedunculated verrucous lesions were observed extending along the entire mucosa from the navicular fossa to the bulbar urethra, and a cold biopsy was taken. - The anatomopathological result of the biopsy of the lesions was condyloma acuminatum with mild-moderate epithelial dysplasia. - Serial voiding cystourethrography (CUMS) was requested, which showed a urethra of regular calibre, but with scalloped limits and repletion defects along its entire length. - The study was complemented by an investigation of other STDs, with a positive result for HIV, unknown to date. Diagnosis Extensive intraurethral condylomatosis in an HIV-positive patient. Treatment The patient was referred to the Infectious Diseases Unit of our hospital to complete the study and start systemic treatment of his HIV infection. For the treatment of his intraurethral lesions, topical intraurethral treatment was prescribed with 5% 5-fluorouracil gel with lidocaine, administered once a week for 6 weeks, applied intraurethrally for 20 minutes each session, with good tolerance to the drug and no relevant side effects. Evolution After the first course of treatment, the patient reported an improvement in voiding quality, but without reaching the comfort level prior to the onset of the clinic. A new cystourethrogram was performed, which showed a decrease in urethral irregularity, but without complete disappearance, so a new course of intraurethral treatment was indicated, this time for 8 weeks. Once the topical treatment was finished, a urethroscopy was performed, finding small lesions only in the navicular fossa, which were photocoagulated with laser. In the control urethroscopy after one month there was no recurrence of the lesions, and the urethral calibre was uniform, with no stenosis or retraction. In subsequent clinical controls the patient remains asymptomatic and with normal urethrography and urethrocystoscopy at 6 months follow-up.
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en
History, current disease and physical examination A 40-year-old patient was referred to the adult congenital heart disease clinic at our hospital, which is a reference centre in our autonomous community. He had been under follow-up since the age of 21 by his cardiologist. Non-cardiological pathological history: hepatitis C, borderline mental retardation. Cardiological history: patient diagnosed at birth with Tetralogy of Fallot (pulmonary stenosis at valvular and subvalvular level, a ventricular septal defect (VSD) at subaortic level, aortic protrusion and right ventricular hypertrophy). At 7 months of life, palliative surgical treatment was performed by means of a right Waterston fistula, which is a systemic-pulmonary fistula consisting of a latero-lateral anastomosis of the posterior wall of the ascending aorta with the right anterior pulmonary wall by means of a 4 mm Gore-Tex prosthesis. At 16 months of life he required a reoperation to enlarge the fistula. At 20 months it was decided to perform a complete surgical correction with closure of the Waterston fistula, infundibular resection, opening of the pulmonary ring and trunk with transannular patch implantation and closure of the ventricular septal defect with a pericardial patch. At 7 years of age, he required a new reintervention with enlargement of both pulmonary branches with Dacron patch, closure of the ductus arteriosus which was found to be patent and closure of a residual shunt through the Waterston fistula. At 20 years of age he was re-intervened for residual VSD and severe left pulmonary branch stenosis (VSD closure with loose stitches and left pulmonary branch enlargement plasty). Since then, no follow-up in specific congenital heart disease consultation. Atrial flutter since 2006, anticoagulated with acenocoumarol (family refusal to attempt electrical cardioversion). Usual medication: acenocoumarol, bisoprolol 5 mg/24h, furosemide 40 mg/24h, digoxin 0.25 mg/24h. Current history: the patient was referred at 40 years of age for moderate exertional dyspnoea (NYHA functional class II) and cyanosis of several years of evolution. Sedentary lifestyle. Over the last few years, he reports that he has undergone repeated bleeding at his referral hospital. He reports frequent episodes of gingivorrhage and epistaxis and repeated respiratory infections. She is not usually vaccinated against influenza or pneumococcus. Physical examination revealed: BP 110/60, basal O2 sat 87%. Labial cyanosis and acral cyanosis. AC: rhythmic heart tones, systolic murmur grade II-III/VI in pulmonary focus and left sternal border, diastolic murmur II/VI in pulmonary focus. AP: left basal hypoventilation. Abomen: hepatomegaly of 1-2 finger widths, painful. Hepatojugular reflux ++. Lower extremities: cutaneous trophic disorders, without oedema. Complementary tests Electrocardiogram: atrial flutter with mean ventricular response at 70 bpm. BRDHH. QRS 200 msec. Signs of right volume overload. Chest X-ray: cardiomegaly. Elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. No pleuroparenchymal findings of acute evolution. Symmetrical pulmonary vascularisation. Blood tests: biochemistry: urea 40, Cr 0.89, ions normal. Uric acid 7.8 mg/dl. Bilirubin 1.7 mg/dl. Liver enzymes normal. Iron metabolism: serum ferritin 35 μg/l, transferrin saturation index 25%. Haemoglobin 15.5 g/dl, haematocrit 47.5%. Platelets 153,000. Leukocytes 8,800 with 60% neutrophils. Transthoracic echocardiogram: normal left ventricle (LVEF 57%). Flattened interventricular septal motion. Dilated right ventricle (proximal RV outflow tract 43 mm, distal RV outflow tract 41 mm, RV inflow tract 52 mm), moderately hypocontractile (TAPSE 14 mm, S wave ́ of lateral tricuspid annulus TDI 7.2 cm/s). Dilated right atrium (area 45 cm2). Mitral and aortic valves without structural or functional alterations. Residual leak in VSD closure patch of 4.5 mm with exclusive left-right shunt and LV-DV gradient of 75 mmHg. Significant pulmonary insufficiency (regurgitation index 0.62, THP <100 msec, protodiastolic gradient of 14 mmHg). RVOT systolic gradient 23 mmHg. Dilated pulmonary trunk (34 mm), right pulmonary branch 21 mm, no visualisation of left pulmonary branch. TR grade II, RV-AD gradient 33 mmHg. IVC 15 mm with correct inspiratory collapse. Estimated PAPs 40 mmHg. Thin interatrial septum, hypermobile towards right and left atrium, which does not appear to be perforated by this access route. No pericardial effusion. Normal aortic arch. Clinical course We found a patient with a chronic hypoxaemia syndrome, as he presented with cyanosis of the labia and acra, increased haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit, epistaxis, gingivorrhage and repeated respiratory infections, hyperuricaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia, all associated with significant exertional dyspnoea of long evolution. Hypoxaemia may be due to environmental causes (high altitude), alveolar hypoventilation, altered alveolocapillary diffusion, ventilation/perfusion mismatch or the presence of an anatomical right-left short-circuit. In our case, the a priori mechanisms that hypothetically best fit the origin of this hypoxaemia would be due to ventilation/perfusion imbalance or a right-left anatomical short-circuit that has not been well evaluated so far. Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) comprises a heterogeneous group of lesions with different anatomy and pathophysiology. Diagnosis Tetralogy of Fallot with Waterston's fistula at 7 months and complete correction at 20 months. Extension of pulmonary branches at 7 years. Closure of residual ventricular septal defect and enlargement of left pulmonary branch at 20 years. Chronic hypoxaemia syndrome secondary to multiperforated interatrial septum with bidirectional shunt. Severe pulmonary insufficiency with dilated and hypocontractile RV.
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"25", "mg", "/", "24h", ".", "Current", "history", ":", "the", "patient", "was", "referred", "at", "40", "years", "of", "age", "for", "moderate", "exertional", "dyspnoea", "(", "NYHA", "functional", "class", "II", ")", "and", "cyanosis", "of", "several", "years", "of", "evolution", ".", "Sedentary", "lifestyle", ".", "Over", "the", "last", "few", "years", ",", "he", "reports", "that", "he", "has", "undergone", "repeated", "bleeding", "at", "his", "referral", "hospital", ".", "He", "reports", "frequent", "episodes", "of", "gingivorrhage", "and", "epistaxis", "and", "repeated", "respiratory", "infections", ".", "She", "is", "not", "usually", "vaccinated", "against", "influenza", "or", "pneumococcus", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", ":", "BP", "110", "/", "60", ",", "basal", "O2", "sat", "87", "%", ".", "Labial", "cyanosis", "and", "acral", "cyanosis", ".", "AC", ":", "rhythmic", "heart", "tones", ",", "systolic", "murmur", "grade", "II-III", "/", "VI", "in", "pulmonary", "focus", "and", "left", "sternal", "border", ",", "diastolic", "murmur", "II", "/", "VI", "in", "pulmonary", "focus", ".", "AP", ":", "left", "basal", "hypoventilation", ".", "Abomen", ":", "hepatomegaly", "of", "1-2", "finger", "widths", ",", "painful", ".", "Hepatojugular", "reflux", "+", "+", ".", "Lower", "extremities", ":", "cutaneous", "trophic", "disorders", ",", "without", "oedema", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "Electrocardiogram", ":", "atrial", "flutter", "with", "mean", "ventricular", "response", "at", "70", "bpm", ".", "BRDHH", ".", "QRS", "200", "msec", ".", "Signs", "of", "right", "volume", "overload", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "cardiomegaly", ".", "Elevation", "of", "the", "left", "hemidiaphragm", ".", "No", "pleuroparenchymal", "findings", "of", "acute", "evolution", ".", "Symmetrical", "pulmonary", "vascularisation", ".", "Blood", "tests", ":", "biochemistry", ":", "urea", "40", ",", "Cr", "0", ".", "89", ",", "ions", "normal", ".", "Uric", "acid", "7", ".", "8", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Bilirubin", "1", ".", "7", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Liver", "enzymes", "normal", ".", "Iron", "metabolism", ":", "serum", "ferritin", "35", "μg", "/", "l", ",", "transferrin", "saturation", "index", "25", "%", ".", "Haemoglobin", "15", ".", "5", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "haematocrit", "47", ".", "5", "%", ".", "Platelets", "153", ",", "000", ".", "Leukocytes", "8", ",", "800", "with", "60", "%", "neutrophils", ".", "Transthoracic", "echocardiogram", ":", "normal", "left", "ventricle", "(", "LVEF", "57", "%", ")", ".", "Flattened", "interventricular", "septal", "motion", ".", "Dilated", "right", "ventricle", "(", "proximal", "RV", "outflow", "tract", "43", "mm", ",", "distal", "RV", "outflow", "tract", "41", "mm", ",", "RV", "inflow", "tract", "52", "mm", ")", ",", "moderately", "hypocontractile", "(", "TAPSE", "14", "mm", ",", "S", "wave", "́", "of", "lateral", "tricuspid", "annulus", "TDI", "7", ".", "2", "cm", "/", "s", ")", ".", "Dilated", "right", "atrium", "(", "area", "45", "cm2", ")", ".", "Mitral", "and", "aortic", "valves", "without", "structural", "or", "functional", "alterations", ".", "Residual", "leak", "in", "VSD", "closure", "patch", "of", "4", ".", "5", "mm", "with", "exclusive", "left-right", "shunt", "and", "LV-DV", "gradient", "of", "75", "mmHg", ".", "Significant", "pulmonary", "insufficiency", "(", "regurgitation", "index", "0", ".", "62", ",", "THP", "<", "100", "msec", ",", "protodiastolic", "gradient", "of", "14", "mmHg", ")", ".", "RVOT", "systolic", "gradient", "23", "mmHg", ".", "Dilated", "pulmonary", "trunk", "(", "34", "mm", ")", ",", "right", "pulmonary", "branch", "21", "mm", ",", "no", "visualisation", "of", "left", "pulmonary", "branch", ".", "TR", "grade", "II", ",", "RV-AD", "gradient", "33", "mmHg", ".", "IVC", "15", "mm", "with", "correct", "inspiratory", "collapse", ".", "Estimated", "PAPs", "40", "mmHg", ".", "Thin", "interatrial", "septum", ",", "hypermobile", "towards", "right", "and", "left", "atrium", ",", "which", "does", "not", "appear", "to", "be", "perforated", "by", "this", "access", "route", ".", "No", "pericardial", "effusion", ".", "Normal", "aortic", "arch", ".", "Clinical", "course", "We", "found", "a", "patient", "with", "a", "chronic", "hypoxaemia", "syndrome", ",", "as", "he", "presented", "with", "cyanosis", "of", "the", "labia", "and", "acra", ",", "increased", "haemoglobin", "concentration", "and", "haematocrit", ",", "epistaxis", ",", "gingivorrhage", "and", "repeated", "respiratory", "infections", ",", "hyperuricaemia", "and", "hyperbilirubinaemia", ",", "all", "associated", "with", "significant", "exertional", "dyspnoea", "of", "long", "evolution", ".", "Hypoxaemia", "may", "be", "due", "to", "environmental", "causes", "(", "high", "altitude", ")", ",", "alveolar", "hypoventilation", ",", "altered", "alveolocapillary", "diffusion", ",", "ventilation", "/", "perfusion", "mismatch", "or", "the", "presence", "of", "an", "anatomical", "right-left", "short-circuit", ".", "In", "our", "case", ",", "the", "a", "priori", "mechanisms", "that", "hypothetically", "best", "fit", "the", "origin", "of", "this", "hypoxaemia", "would", "be", "due", "to", "ventilation", "/", "perfusion", "imbalance", "or", "a", "right-left", "anatomical", "short-circuit", "that", "has", "not", "been", "well", "evaluated", "so", "far", ".", "Cyanotic", "congenital", "heart", "disease", "(", "CCHD", ")", "comprises", "a", "heterogeneous", "group", "of", "lesions", "with", "different", "anatomy", "and", "pathophysiology", ".", "Diagnosis", "Tetralogy", "of", "Fallot", "with", "Waterston", "'", "s", "fistula", "at", "7", "months", "and", "complete", "correction", "at", "20", "months", ".", "Extension", "of", "pulmonary", "branches", "at", "7", "years", ".", "Closure", "of", "residual", "ventricular", "septal", "defect", "and", "enlargement", "of", "left", "pulmonary", "branch", "at", "20", "years", ".", "Chronic", "hypoxaemia", "syndrome", "secondary", "to", "multiperforated", "interatrial", "septum", "with", "bidirectional", "shunt", ".", "Severe", "pulmonary", "insufficiency", "with", "dilated", "and", "hypocontractile", "RV", "." ]
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Anamnesis A 68-year-old woman with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast, stage IIIA. Undergoing active oncological treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, she came to the Emergency Department with fever and persistent chills. Oncological history A 68-year-old Caucasian woman, currently retired (flight attendant in her professional life). Her personal history includes high blood pressure, hypothyroidism and several minor depressive episodes. She has no known toxic habits, adverse drug reactions or personal surgical history. She has no family history of cancer. As home treatment, she maintains enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide 20/12.5 mg/day, levothyroxine 75 mcg/day and lorazepam 1 mg/day. In January 2019, aged 67, she was assessed in gynaecology for an asymptomatic lesion on the right nipple of the "erythema-eczema" type, which had been present for several months. She was diagnosed with breast IBC, histological grade 3, oestrogen receptor positive, progesterone receptor negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) negative and Ki67 of 50% (luminal B), stage IIIA (T3N1M0, according to the TNM classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition). Additional tests described an increased right breast density (BI-RADS 4 type lesion) and ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy (by mammography and breast and axillary ultrasound, respectively). The diagnosis of carcinoma was confirmed by core needle biopsy (CNB) of both the breast and one of the axillary lymph nodes. The extension study (breast MRI, CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis with contrast and bone scintigraphy) ruled out the presence of distant disease. Neoadjuvant treatment based on weekly paclitaxel (receiving 12 cycles) and, subsequently, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide (1 cycle so far) is proposed. Current history Two weeks after receiving chemotherapy, she came to the emergency department for urethral burning, dysuria and intermittent shivering sensation, of three days' evolution. Physical examination and complementary tests showed signs compatible with low-risk febrile neutropenia and uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection, so she was discharged with oral antibiotics, three doses of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and hygienic-dietary measures. However, she was seen a second time, ten days later, due to persistent dysuria, worsening chills and the onset of fever (maximum 38.2o thermometry), to which was added diathermic sensation, generalised arthromyalgia, non-specific lumbar pain and persistent insomnia. Physical examination Vitals: BP 183/63 mm Hg, HR 110 bpm, FR 15 rpm, SatO2 97 % (baseline) and Ta 37.7oC. General inspection: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) level 1. Apparent good general condition. Eupneic at rest. Normal colour. Adequate distal perfusion. Examination by apparatus and systems: neurological, head and neck, cardiorespiratory, abdominal and extremity examinations do not show any remarkable pathological signs or abnormal findings. Complementary tests Urgent biochemistry shows elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (426.4 mg/l; VN 0-5), elevated procalcitonin (1.2 ng/ml; VN < 0.25) and elevated LDH (321 U/l; VN 40-240). Blood count revealed normocytic normochromic anaemia (Hb 8.5 g/dl; VN 12-16) and thrombocytosis (504,000/μl; VN 150,000-450,000). The neutrophil count has recovered. Coagulation is normal. The electrocardiogram and the PA and lateral chest X-ray show no evidence of ischaemia and do not reveal parenchymal consolidation or pleural effusion, respectively. Urine sediment is pathological, revealing microscopic haematuria, pyuria and abundant bacteriuria. Nitrites are negative. The urine culture requested at the previous ED visit was negative. Differential blood cultures and urine culture were also requested. Diagnosis Suspected complicated UTI resistant to oral antibiotherapy in an immunocompromised patient. Treatment Hospital admission with intravenous antibiotherapy directed at the urinary focus, consisting of ceftriaxone 2 g/24 hours, and preferably urological ultrasound. Evolution The patient was admitted with clinical and haemodynamic stability. During admission, antibiotic therapy was administered to the urinary focus. The urological ultrasound did not show collections suggestive of abscess or dilatation of the excretory tract. Despite the absence of microbiological isolation, the patient continued with fever, associated dysthermia and worsening general clinical condition, with limiting asthenia. Antibiotic coverage was increased with piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin, and new cultures were taken. The cultures taken in the ED were negative. A transthoracic echocardiogram and contrast-enhanced CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis were requested to rule out complications that could justify the clinical picture. The first describes a discrete periaortic thickening, of doubtful significance; the second reveals the presence of a striking thickening and enhancement of the aortic arch, descending aorta and supra-aortic trunks, suggestive of vasculitis of the great vessels. Based on this suspicion as a possible cause of the febrile syndrome, immunological and autoimmune studies, viral serology and a study of possible iatrogenic triggering drugs were requested. Notable findings were an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; 140 mm; VN 1-20) and a low positive titre (1/80) of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), both non-specific. IgG4 titre is normal. All serologies are negative and the patient does not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of rheumatological disease. After ruling out other causes, a diagnosis of large vessel vasculitis secondary to drugs (most likely G-CSF) is considered. The administration of this drug is prohibited and treatment with high-dose oral prednisone is started.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "68-year-old", "woman", "with", "infiltrating", "ductal", "carcinoma", "(", "IDC", ")", "of", "the", "breast", ",", "stage", "IIIA", ".", "Undergoing", "active", "oncological", "treatment", "with", "neoadjuvant", "chemotherapy", ",", "she", "came", "to", "the", "Emergency", "Department", "with", "fever", "and", "persistent", "chills", ".", "Oncological", "history", "A", "68-year-old", "Caucasian", "woman", ",", "currently", "retired", "(", "flight", "attendant", "in", "her", "professional", "life", ")", ".", "Her", "personal", "history", "includes", "high", "blood", "pressure", ",", "hypothyroidism", "and", "several", "minor", "depressive", "episodes", ".", "She", "has", "no", "known", "toxic", "habits", ",", "adverse", "drug", "reactions", "or", "personal", "surgical", "history", ".", "She", "has", "no", "family", "history", "of", "cancer", ".", "As", "home", "treatment", ",", "she", "maintains", "enalapril", "/", "hydrochlorothiazide", "20", "/", "12", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "day", ",", "levothyroxine", "75", "mcg", "/", "day", "and", "lorazepam", "1", "mg", "/", "day", ".", "In", "January", "2019", ",", "aged", "67", ",", "she", "was", "assessed", "in", "gynaecology", "for", "an", "asymptomatic", "lesion", "on", "the", "right", "nipple", "of", "the", "\"", "erythema-eczema", "\"", "type", ",", "which", "had", "been", "present", "for", "several", "months", ".", "She", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "breast", "IBC", ",", "histological", "grade", "3", ",", "oestrogen", "receptor", "positive", ",", "progesterone", "receptor", "negative", ",", "human", "epidermal", "growth", "factor", "receptor", "2", "(", "HER-2", ")", "negative", "and", "Ki67", "of", "50", "%", "(", "luminal", "B", ")", ",", "stage", "IIIA", "(", "T3N1M0", ",", "according", "to", "the", "TNM", "classification", "of", "the", "American", "Joint", "Committee", "on", "Cancer", ",", "8th", "edition", ")", ".", "Additional", "tests", "described", "an", "increased", "right", "breast", "density", "(", "BI-RADS", "4", "type", "lesion", ")", "and", "ipsilateral", "axillary", "lymphadenopathy", "(", "by", "mammography", "and", "breast", "and", "axillary", "ultrasound", ",", "respectively", ")", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "of", "carcinoma", "was", "confirmed", "by", "core", "needle", "biopsy", "(", "CNB", ")", "of", "both", "the", "breast", "and", "one", "of", "the", "axillary", "lymph", "nodes", ".", "The", "extension", "study", "(", "breast", "MRI", ",", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "chest", ",", "abdomen", "and", "pelvis", "with", "contrast", "and", "bone", "scintigraphy", ")", "ruled", "out", "the", "presence", "of", "distant", "disease", ".", "Neoadjuvant", "treatment", "based", "on", "weekly", "paclitaxel", "(", "receiving", "12", "cycles", ")", "and", ",", "subsequently", ",", "pegylated", "liposomal", "doxorubicin", "+", "cyclophosphamide", "(", "1", "cycle", "so", "far", ")", "is", "proposed", ".", "Current", "history", "Two", "weeks", "after", "receiving", "chemotherapy", ",", "she", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "urethral", "burning", ",", "dysuria", "and", "intermittent", "shivering", "sensation", ",", "of", "three", "days", "'", "evolution", ".", "Physical", "examination", "and", "complementary", "tests", "showed", "signs", "compatible", "with", "low-risk", "febrile", "neutropenia", "and", "uncomplicated", "lower", "urinary", "tract", "infection", ",", "so", "she", "was", "discharged", "with", "oral", "antibiotics", ",", "three", "doses", "of", "granulocyte", "colony", "stimulating", "factor", "(", "G-CSF", ")", "and", "hygienic-dietary", "measures", ".", "However", ",", "she", "was", "seen", "a", "second", "time", ",", "ten", "days", "later", ",", "due", "to", "persistent", "dysuria", ",", "worsening", "chills", "and", "the", "onset", "of", "fever", "(", "maximum", "38", ".", "2o", "thermometry", ")", ",", "to", "which", "was", "added", "diathermic", "sensation", ",", "generalised", "arthromyalgia", ",", "non-specific", "lumbar", "pain", "and", "persistent", "insomnia", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Vitals", ":", "BP", "183", "/", "63", "mm", "Hg", ",", "HR", "110", "bpm", ",", "FR", "15", "rpm", ",", "SatO2", "97", "%", "(", "baseline", ")", "and", "Ta", "37", ".", "7oC", ".", "General", "inspection", ":", "Eastern", "Cooperative", "Oncology", "Group", "(", "ECOG", ")", "level", "1", ".", "Apparent", "good", "general", "condition", ".", "Eupneic", "at", "rest", ".", "Normal", "colour", ".", "Adequate", "distal", "perfusion", ".", "Examination", "by", "apparatus", "and", "systems", ":", "neurological", ",", "head", "and", "neck", ",", "cardiorespiratory", ",", "abdominal", "and", "extremity", "examinations", "do", "not", "show", "any", "remarkable", "pathological", "signs", "or", "abnormal", "findings", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "Urgent", "biochemistry", "shows", "elevated", "C-reactive", "protein", "(", "CRP", ")", "(", "426", ".", "4", "mg", "/", "l", ";", "VN", "0-5", ")", ",", "elevated", "procalcitonin", "(", "1", ".", "2", "ng", "/", "ml", ";", "VN", "<", "0", ".", "25", ")", "and", "elevated", "LDH", "(", "321", "U", "/", "l", ";", "VN", "40-240", ")", ".", "Blood", "count", "revealed", "normocytic", "normochromic", "anaemia", "(", "Hb", "8", ".", "5", "g", "/", "dl", ";", "VN", "12-16", ")", "and", "thrombocytosis", "(", "504", ",", "000", "/", "μl", ";", "VN", "150", ",", "000-450", ",", "000", ")", ".", "The", "neutrophil", "count", "has", "recovered", ".", "Coagulation", "is", "normal", ".", "The", "electrocardiogram", "and", "the", "PA", "and", "lateral", "chest", "X-ray", "show", "no", "evidence", "of", "ischaemia", "and", "do", "not", "reveal", "parenchymal", "consolidation", "or", "pleural", "effusion", ",", "respectively", ".", "Urine", "sediment", "is", "pathological", ",", "revealing", "microscopic", "haematuria", ",", "pyuria", "and", "abundant", "bacteriuria", ".", "Nitrites", "are", "negative", ".", "The", "urine", "culture", "requested", "at", "the", "previous", "ED", "visit", "was", "negative", ".", "Differential", "blood", "cultures", "and", "urine", "culture", "were", "also", "requested", ".", "Diagnosis", "Suspected", "complicated", "UTI", "resistant", "to", "oral", "antibiotherapy", "in", "an", "immunocompromised", "patient", ".", "Treatment", "Hospital", "admission", "with", "intravenous", "antibiotherapy", "directed", "at", "the", "urinary", "focus", ",", "consisting", "of", "ceftriaxone", "2", "g", "/", "24", "hours", ",", "and", "preferably", "urological", "ultrasound", ".", "Evolution", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "with", "clinical", "and", "haemodynamic", "stability", ".", "During", "admission", ",", "antibiotic", "therapy", "was", "administered", "to", "the", "urinary", "focus", ".", "The", "urological", "ultrasound", "did", "not", "show", "collections", "suggestive", "of", "abscess", "or", "dilatation", "of", "the", "excretory", "tract", ".", "Despite", "the", "absence", "of", "microbiological", "isolation", ",", "the", "patient", "continued", "with", "fever", ",", "associated", "dysthermia", "and", "worsening", "general", "clinical", "condition", ",", "with", "limiting", "asthenia", ".", "Antibiotic", "coverage", "was", "increased", "with", "piperacillin-tazobactam", "and", "vancomycin", ",", "and", "new", "cultures", "were", "taken", ".", "The", "cultures", "taken", "in", "the", "ED", "were", "negative", ".", "A", "transthoracic", "echocardiogram", "and", "contrast-enhanced", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "chest", ",", "abdomen", "and", "pelvis", "were", "requested", "to", "rule", "out", "complications", "that", "could", "justify", "the", "clinical", "picture", ".", "The", "first", "describes", "a", "discrete", "periaortic", "thickening", ",", "of", "doubtful", "significance", ";", "the", "second", "reveals", "the", "presence", "of", "a", "striking", "thickening", "and", "enhancement", "of", "the", "aortic", "arch", ",", "descending", "aorta", "and", "supra-aortic", "trunks", ",", "suggestive", "of", "vasculitis", "of", "the", "great", "vessels", ".", "Based", "on", "this", "suspicion", "as", "a", "possible", "cause", "of", "the", "febrile", "syndrome", ",", "immunological", "and", "autoimmune", "studies", ",", "viral", "serology", "and", "a", "study", "of", "possible", "iatrogenic", "triggering", "drugs", "were", "requested", ".", "Notable", "findings", "were", "an", "elevated", "erythrocyte", "sedimentation", "rate", "(", "ESR", ";", "140", "mm", ";", "VN", "1-20", ")", "and", "a", "low", "positive", "titre", "(", "1", "/", "80", ")", "of", "antinuclear", "antibodies", "(", "ANA", ")", ",", "both", "non-specific", ".", "IgG4", "titre", "is", "normal", ".", "All", "serologies", "are", "negative", "and", "the", "patient", "does", "not", "meet", "the", "criteria", "for", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "rheumatological", "disease", ".", "After", "ruling", "out", "other", "causes", ",", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "large", "vessel", "vasculitis", "secondary", "to", "drugs", "(", "most", "likely", "G-CSF", ")", "is", "considered", ".", "The", "administration", "of", "this", "drug", "is", "prohibited", "and", "treatment", "with", "high-dose", "oral", "prednisone", "is", "started", "." ]
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en
Personal history 16-year-old Pakistani woman from Punjab province (Guirat district), resident in Spain for three years. Last visited Pakistan in July-October 2007. She was not married and had no children. No previous relevant illnesses. Lives with her father and an uncle (both livestock farmers), two brothers and a niece in Los Villares (Jaén), where she takes care of the household chores. Current illness She consulted the Emergency Department of our Hospital in May 2008, with a 4-5 day history of diffuse abdominal pain, more focused in the right iliac fossa (RIF), without vomiting or diarrhoea. Although she did not speak Spanish, in the anamnesis conducted and interpreted by her older sister, she also reported unquantified weight loss and loss of appetite in the last 3-4 weeks and a non-thermometric fever. On initial examination in the ED, she was in good general condition, with a temperature of 37.8oC and pain on abdominal palpation in FID with voluntary defence. Urgent laboratory tests showed 13,650 leukocytes/μL, haemoglobin 11.2 g/L and prothrombin activity of 68%, with normal liver enzymes, amylase, total bilirubin and elemental urine analysis. Abdominal ultrasound was performed, where numerous adenopathies of up to 11 mm in diameter were detected in the short axis, with normal cecal, hepatobiliary and renal areas. With the diagnosis of "mesenteric adenitis", home observation, paracetamol and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were indicated, and the patient was referred for follow-up by Primary Care. Seven days after initial discharge, the patient returned to the Hospital Emergency Department reporting daily fever with no thermometry and the appearance of a barely productive cough in the last few days, in addition to the aforementioned weight loss and asthenia. Physical examination On examination she was in good general condition, with a temperature of 39.4oC, eupneic at rest with baseline arterial O2 saturation of 95%. Cardiac auscultation was normal, and respiratory auscultation showed crackles in the left hemithorax and superimposed wheezing. The abdomen was slightly diffusely painful. Complementary examinations The haemogram and coagulation study showed 15,370 leukocytes/μL (91% neutrophils), haemoglobin 10.6 g/dL, MCV 78 and prothrombin activity of 49%. Liver and general biochemistry showed LDH 685 IU/L, but all other parameters (including renal function, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, ions, calcium and creatine kinase) were normal. Chest X-ray showed condensation in the left upper lobe with areas of cavitation and thickening of the left paratracheal line compatible with mediastinal adenopathy and a small infiltrate in the right upper lobe. Sputum culture was negative. Serologies for HIV, hepatitis B and C virus were negative. Evolution Given the recent visit to his native country (Pakistan), the province and district where he lived being an area with a high incidence of tuberculosis (200-220 cases/ 100,000 inhabitants in 2007), and considering Pakistan as a country with high rates of multidrug-resistance, around 3-4%, quadruple antituberculosis therapy (HRZE) was started on 13 May 2008, with a good response to fever, which disappeared 72 hours after starting specific treatment. Mandatory declaration and study of cohabitants was performed. She was discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of pulmonary and probably lymph node tuberculosis, pending the results of the mycobacterial culture. Six days after her discharge from hospital, she returned to the emergency department for oral intolerance with incoercible vomiting in the last 24 hours. The patient was in poor general condition, afebrile, haemodynamically stable and presented with diffuse abdominal distension and pain, with no signs of peritonism. Urgent laboratory tests showed total bilirubin 5.7 mg/dL, AST 1,801 IU/L, prothrombin activity 20%, urea 8 mg/dL and creatinine 0.4 mg/dL. With the diagnosis of severe acute hepatitis of probable toxic-drug origin secondary to tuberculostatics, the patient was referred to the Hepatology Unit of our referral hospital (H.U. Reina Sofía de Córdoba). On admission, tuberculostatic treatment (HRZE) was suspended, and the patient remained stable for the first 48 hours. Forty-eight hours after discontinuation of treatment there was an improvement in laboratory parameters (prothrombin activity 34%, AST 395 IU/L, ALT 609 IU/L, total bilirubin 5.3 mg/dL), but fever reappeared. Pantoea agglomerans was isolated in one of the three blood cultures obtained during the febrile peak, and treatment with ertapenem (1 g iv. /24 hours), with persistence of daily fever (38.5-39oC) but with favourable evolution of liver biochemistry on the fifth day of treatment withdrawal (prothrombin activity 53%, AST 73 IU/L, ALT 334 IU/L, total bilirubin 2.6 mg/dL), so he was transferred to the Infectious Diseases Unit. On the sixth day after withdrawal of initial tuberculostatic treatment (HRZE), a non-hepatotoxic quadruple therapy regimen was started: streptomycin (750 mg im/day), ethambutol (1,200 mg vo/day), levofloxacin (500 mg vo/day) and linezolid (600 mg vo/day). Initial tolerance was good, as was the clinical and analytical evolution, but the patient, fourteen days after restarting specific treatment, persisted with daily high fever (up to 38.5oC). The analytical, microbiological and imaging tests performed did not reveal any new clinical focality or evidence of additional superinfection. At this point, the possibility of tuberculosis resistant to one or more of the drugs in the new regimen was raised, as well as the possibility of drug-induced fever. The results of the sputum mycobacterial culture taken during the previous admission were received and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was isolated, sensitive to first-line drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin) and second-line drugs (cycloserine, ethionamide, capreomycin, kanamycin, rifabutin and ofloxacin). The antituberculosis regimen was maintained, and on day +16 from its initiation, the fever began to completely and definitively subside. At discharge, the patient was afebrile and asymptomatic, with radiological improvement and the following laboratory parameters: total bilirubin 0.40 mg/dL, AST 29 IU/L, ALT 10 IU/L, GGT 155 IU/L, FA 161 IU/L, LDH 498 IU/L, prothrombin activity 80% and creatinine 0.5 mg/dL. She was referred for follow-up to the outpatient clinic of her hospital of origin (Alto Guadalquivir de Andújar). One month after discharge, the patient remained afebrile, asymptomatic, with weight gain, normal laboratory tests and progressive radiological improvement. At present she continues with the following pharmacological regimen: streptomycin 750 mg im/day (two months), ethambutol 1,200 mg vo./24 hours (initial two months, continuing with 10-12 mg/kg/day for a further ten months), linezolid (10 mg/kg/day for a further ten months) and ethambutol 1,200 mg vo./24 hours (initial two months). for a further ten months), linezolid 600 mg vo./day (two months) and levofloxacin 500 mg vo./day (twelve months). Diagnostic test Sputum Ziehl's stain: positive (abundant BAAR). Sputum mycobacterial culture: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex multisensitive is isolated. Clinical judgement Active pulmonary tuberculosis and probably also lymph node tuberculosis (disseminated tuberculosis).
[ "Personal", "history", "16-year-old", "Pakistani", "woman", "from", "Punjab", "province", "(", "Guirat", "district", ")", ",", "resident", "in", "Spain", "for", "three", "years", ".", "Last", "visited", "Pakistan", "in", "July-October", "2007", ".", "She", "was", "not", "married", "and", "had", "no", "children", ".", "No", "previous", "relevant", "illnesses", ".", "Lives", "with", "her", "father", "and", "an", "uncle", "(", "both", "livestock", "farmers", ")", ",", "two", "brothers", "and", "a", "niece", "in", "Los", "Villares", "(", "Jaén", ")", ",", "where", "she", "takes", "care", "of", "the", "household", "chores", ".", "Current", "illness", "She", "consulted", "the", "Emergency", "Department", "of", "our", "Hospital", "in", "May", "2008", ",", "with", "a", "4-5", "day", "history", "of", "diffuse", "abdominal", "pain", ",", "more", "focused", "in", "the", "right", "iliac", "fossa", "(", "RIF", ")", ",", "without", "vomiting", "or", "diarrhoea", ".", "Although", "she", "did", "not", "speak", "Spanish", ",", "in", "the", "anamnesis", "conducted", "and", "interpreted", "by", "her", "older", "sister", ",", "she", "also", "reported", "unquantified", "weight", "loss", "and", "loss", "of", "appetite", "in", "the", "last", "3-4", "weeks", "and", "a", "non-thermometric", "fever", ".", "On", "initial", "examination", "in", "the", "ED", ",", "she", "was", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "with", "a", "temperature", "of", "37", ".", "8oC", "and", "pain", "on", "abdominal", "palpation", "in", "FID", "with", "voluntary", "defence", ".", "Urgent", "laboratory", "tests", "showed", "13", ",", "650", "leukocytes", "/", "μL", ",", "haemoglobin", "11", ".", "2", "g", "/", "L", "and", "prothrombin", "activity", "of", "68", "%", ",", "with", "normal", "liver", "enzymes", ",", "amylase", ",", "total", "bilirubin", "and", "elemental", "urine", "analysis", ".", "Abdominal", "ultrasound", "was", "performed", ",", "where", "numerous", "adenopathies", "of", "up", "to", "11", "mm", "in", "diameter", "were", "detected", "in", "the", "short", "axis", ",", "with", "normal", "cecal", ",", "hepatobiliary", "and", "renal", "areas", ".", "With", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "\"", "mesenteric", "adenitis", "\"", ",", "home", "observation", ",", "paracetamol", "and", "amoxicillin", "/", "clavulanic", "acid", "were", "indicated", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "referred", "for", "follow-up", "by", "Primary", "Care", ".", "Seven", "days", "after", "initial", "discharge", ",", "the", "patient", "returned", "to", "the", "Hospital", "Emergency", "Department", "reporting", "daily", "fever", "with", "no", "thermometry", "and", "the", "appearance", "of", "a", "barely", "productive", "cough", "in", "the", "last", "few", "days", ",", "in", "addition", "to", "the", "aforementioned", "weight", "loss", "and", "asthenia", ".", "Physical", "examination", "On", "examination", "she", "was", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "with", "a", "temperature", "of", "39", ".", "4oC", ",", "eupneic", "at", "rest", "with", "baseline", "arterial", "O2", "saturation", "of", "95", "%", ".", "Cardiac", "auscultation", "was", "normal", ",", "and", "respiratory", "auscultation", "showed", "crackles", "in", "the", "left", "hemithorax", "and", "superimposed", "wheezing", ".", "The", "abdomen", "was", "slightly", "diffusely", "painful", ".", "Complementary", "examinations", "The", "haemogram", "and", "coagulation", "study", "showed", "15", ",", "370", "leukocytes", "/", "μL", "(", "91", "%", "neutrophils", ")", ",", "haemoglobin", "10", ".", "6", "g", "/", "dL", ",", "MCV", "78", "and", "prothrombin", "activity", "of", "49", "%", ".", "Liver", "and", "general", "biochemistry", "showed", "LDH", "685", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "but", "all", "other", "parameters", "(", "including", "renal", "function", ",", "AST", ",", "ALT", ",", "total", "bilirubin", ",", "ions", ",", "calcium", "and", "creatine", "kinase", ")", "were", "normal", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "condensation", "in", "the", "left", "upper", "lobe", "with", "areas", "of", "cavitation", "and", "thickening", "of", "the", "left", "paratracheal", "line", "compatible", "with", "mediastinal", "adenopathy", "and", "a", "small", "infiltrate", "in", "the", "right", "upper", "lobe", ".", "Sputum", "culture", "was", "negative", ".", "Serologies", "for", "HIV", ",", "hepatitis", "B", "and", "C", "virus", "were", "negative", ".", "Evolution", "Given", "the", "recent", "visit", "to", "his", "native", "country", "(", "Pakistan", ")", ",", "the", "province", "and", "district", "where", "he", "lived", "being", "an", "area", "with", "a", "high", "incidence", "of", "tuberculosis", "(", "200-220", "cases", "/", "100", ",", "000", "inhabitants", "in", "2007", ")", ",", "and", "considering", "Pakistan", "as", "a", "country", "with", "high", "rates", "of", "multidrug-resistance", ",", "around", "3-4", "%", ",", "quadruple", "antituberculosis", "therapy", "(", "HRZE", ")", "was", "started", "on", "13", "May", "2008", ",", "with", "a", "good", "response", "to", "fever", ",", "which", "disappeared", "72", "hours", "after", "starting", "specific", "treatment", ".", "Mandatory", "declaration", "and", "study", "of", "cohabitants", "was", "performed", ".", "She", "was", "discharged", "from", "hospital", "with", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "pulmonary", "and", "probably", "lymph", "node", "tuberculosis", ",", "pending", "the", "results", "of", "the", "mycobacterial", "culture", ".", "Six", "days", "after", "her", "discharge", "from", "hospital", ",", "she", "returned", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "oral", "intolerance", "with", "incoercible", "vomiting", "in", "the", "last", "24", "hours", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "in", "poor", "general", "condition", ",", "afebrile", ",", "haemodynamically", "stable", "and", "presented", "with", "diffuse", "abdominal", "distension", "and", "pain", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "peritonism", ".", "Urgent", "laboratory", "tests", "showed", "total", "bilirubin", "5", ".", "7", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "AST", "1", ",", "801", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "prothrombin", "activity", "20", "%", ",", "urea", "8", "mg", "/", "dL", "and", "creatinine", "0", ".", "4", "mg", "/", "dL", ".", "With", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "severe", "acute", "hepatitis", "of", "probable", "toxic-drug", "origin", "secondary", "to", "tuberculostatics", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "Hepatology", "Unit", "of", "our", "referral", "hospital", "(", "H", ".", "U", ".", "Reina", "Sofía", "de", "Córdoba", ")", ".", "On", "admission", ",", "tuberculostatic", "treatment", "(", "HRZE", ")", "was", "suspended", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "remained", "stable", "for", "the", "first", "48", "hours", ".", "Forty-eight", "hours", "after", "discontinuation", "of", "treatment", "there", "was", "an", "improvement", "in", "laboratory", "parameters", "(", "prothrombin", "activity", "34", "%", ",", "AST", "395", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "ALT", "609", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "total", "bilirubin", "5", ".", "3", "mg", "/", "dL", ")", ",", "but", "fever", "reappeared", ".", "Pantoea", "agglomerans", "was", "isolated", "in", "one", "of", "the", "three", "blood", "cultures", "obtained", "during", "the", "febrile", "peak", ",", "and", "treatment", "with", "ertapenem", "(", "1", "g", "iv", ".", "/", "24", "hours", ")", ",", "with", "persistence", "of", "daily", "fever", "(", "38", ".", "5-39oC", ")", "but", "with", "favourable", "evolution", "of", "liver", "biochemistry", "on", "the", "fifth", "day", "of", "treatment", "withdrawal", "(", "prothrombin", "activity", "53", "%", ",", "AST", "73", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "ALT", "334", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "total", "bilirubin", "2", ".", "6", "mg", "/", "dL", ")", ",", "so", "he", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Unit", ".", "On", "the", "sixth", "day", "after", "withdrawal", "of", "initial", "tuberculostatic", "treatment", "(", "HRZE", ")", ",", "a", "non-hepatotoxic", "quadruple", "therapy", "regimen", "was", "started", ":", "streptomycin", "(", "750", "mg", "im", "/", "day", ")", ",", "ethambutol", "(", "1", ",", "200", "mg", "vo", "/", "day", ")", ",", "levofloxacin", "(", "500", "mg", "vo", "/", "day", ")", "and", "linezolid", "(", "600", "mg", "vo", "/", "day", ")", ".", "Initial", "tolerance", "was", "good", ",", "as", "was", "the", "clinical", "and", "analytical", "evolution", ",", "but", "the", "patient", ",", "fourteen", "days", "after", "restarting", "specific", "treatment", ",", "persisted", "with", "daily", "high", "fever", "(", "up", "to", "38", ".", "5oC", ")", ".", "The", "analytical", ",", "microbiological", "and", "imaging", "tests", "performed", "did", "not", "reveal", "any", "new", "clinical", "focality", "or", "evidence", "of", "additional", "superinfection", ".", "At", "this", "point", ",", "the", "possibility", "of", "tuberculosis", "resistant", "to", "one", "or", "more", "of", "the", "drugs", "in", "the", "new", "regimen", "was", "raised", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "possibility", "of", "drug-induced", "fever", ".", "The", "results", "of", "the", "sputum", "mycobacterial", "culture", "taken", "during", "the", "previous", "admission", "were", "received", "and", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "complex", "was", "isolated", ",", "sensitive", "to", "first-line", "drugs", "(", "isoniazid", ",", "rifampicin", ",", "pyrazinamide", ",", "ethambutol", ",", "streptomycin", ")", "and", "second-line", "drugs", "(", "cycloserine", ",", "ethionamide", ",", "capreomycin", ",", "kanamycin", ",", "rifabutin", "and", "ofloxacin", ")", ".", "The", "antituberculosis", "regimen", "was", "maintained", ",", "and", "on", "day", "+", "16", "from", "its", "initiation", ",", "the", "fever", "began", "to", "completely", "and", "definitively", "subside", ".", "At", "discharge", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "afebrile", "and", "asymptomatic", ",", "with", "radiological", "improvement", "and", "the", "following", "laboratory", "parameters", ":", "total", "bilirubin", "0", ".", "40", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "AST", "29", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "ALT", "10", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "GGT", "155", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "FA", "161", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "LDH", "498", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "prothrombin", "activity", "80", "%", "and", "creatinine", "0", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "dL", ".", "She", "was", "referred", "for", "follow-up", "to", "the", "outpatient", "clinic", "of", "her", "hospital", "of", "origin", "(", "Alto", "Guadalquivir", "de", "Andújar", ")", ".", "One", "month", "after", "discharge", ",", "the", "patient", "remained", "afebrile", ",", "asymptomatic", ",", "with", "weight", "gain", ",", "normal", "laboratory", "tests", "and", "progressive", "radiological", "improvement", ".", "At", "present", "she", "continues", "with", "the", "following", "pharmacological", "regimen", ":", "streptomycin", "750", "mg", "im", "/", "day", "(", "two", "months", ")", ",", "ethambutol", "1", ",", "200", "mg", "vo", ".", "/", "24", "hours", "(", "initial", "two", "months", ",", "continuing", "with", "10-12", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "for", "a", "further", "ten", "months", ")", ",", "linezolid", "(", "10", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "for", "a", "further", "ten", "months", ")", "and", "ethambutol", "1", ",", "200", "mg", "vo", ".", "/", "24", "hours", "(", "initial", "two", "months", ")", ".", "for", "a", "further", "ten", "months", ")", ",", "linezolid", "600", "mg", "vo", ".", "/", "day", "(", "two", "months", ")", "and", "levofloxacin", "500", "mg", "vo", ".", "/", "day", "(", "twelve", "months", ")", ".", "Diagnostic", "test", "Sputum", "Ziehl", "'", "s", "stain", ":", "positive", "(", "abundant", "BAAR", ")", ".", "Sputum", "mycobacterial", "culture", ":", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "complex", "multisensitive", "is", "isolated", ".", "Clinical", "judgement", "Active", "pulmonary", "tuberculosis", "and", "probably", "also", "lymph", "node", "tuberculosis", "(", "disseminated", "tuberculosis", ")", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis A 33-year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus type 1, managed by insulin pump, was seen urgently for pruritic lesions. He consulted urgently due to pruritic lesions on the palms of both hands which had been present for 3 days, with subsequent appearance on the soles of the feet and the periorbuccal area. The previous week he had suffered an upper respiratory tract infection with febrile fever which he had begun to treat 5 days earlier with Azithromycin, Acetylcysteine and Paracetamol. When questioned again, the patient stated that he had had contact for a short time with a schoolboy, a schoolmate of his daughter's, who had lesions in the same distribution. The patient's daughter did not present any skin lesions or infectious symptoms. Physical examination The patient had erythematous-violaceous macules with poorly defined borders and a confluent appearance on the palms and soles of the hands and feet. On the dorsum of the feet, extensor region of both forearms and peribuccal region there are yellowish papulovesicles, some of them in a crusty phase, on an erythematous base. At present there are no lesions on the oral, conjunctival or genital mucosa. No lymphadenopathies were palpable and the rest of the physical examination was normal. Complementary examinations A sample was sent to the microbiology department for detection of enterovirus by PCR (taken with a swab after removal of the scab from one of the lesions on the forearm) and a punch biopsy was performed on another lesion. Although the enterovirus PCR used was specific for cerebrospinal fluid, the test was positive. Histopathology with haematoxylin-eosin revealed a re-epithelialised blistering skin lesion with epidermal necrosis. In view of the non-specific pathological findings and clinical suspicion, biopsy material was sent for molecular testing for enterovirus (Entherpex kit, which studies coxsakie and echovirus together), which was also positive. Diagnosis Hand-foot-and-mouth disease in an adult patient. Treatment Betamethasone valerate / Gentamicin sulphate 1 mg/g cream, one application per day for 7 days. Evolution The patient came for a check-up 15 days later with absolute resolution of the lesions. He also reported a good evolution of the catarrhal symptoms, being totally asymptomatic at that time. During this period her daughter has not developed any dermatological lesions or infectious symptoms.
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en
A 26-year-old female patient, with no relevant past history, was admitted to hospital from another institution with fever of 39°C, arterial hypotension refractory to volume resuscitation, cutaneous hyperaesthesia. The condition had been interpreted as toxic shock, and she was blood cultured and antibiotic treatment was started prior to referral. On admission to the intensive care unit of our hospital, the patient was confused, tachycardic (120/min), hypotensive (70/40 mmHg) and afebrile. She had painful purpuric lesions on the palms, soles, subungual and periungual region, and on the palpebral conjunctiva, compatible with peripheral embolisms. No heart murmurs were heard. There were no other alterations on physical examination. Laboratory tests on admission showed plateletopenia (39,000/mm3), 4500 leukocytes/mm3, low prothrombin time (58%) and parameters of Acute Renal Failure (elevated creatininemia). Urinary sediment showed albuminuria, microscopic haematuria and granular casts. The rest of the analyses were within normal parameters (haematocrit, hepatogram, HIV negative, b-subunit negative). The fundus examination was normal. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly and bilateral interstitial-alveolar infiltrate. The picture was interpreted as septic shock, blood cultures were performed (under antibiotics because he had received 1 dose of cefotaxime/ clindamycin/ amikacin) and treatment was started with cefotaxime/ clindamycin/ gentamicin, after consultation with Infectious Diseases. On the second day of hospitalisation, the patient persisted with signs of heart failure on chest X-ray, adding bilateral infiltrates of the pulmonary oedema type and compatible semiology, for which a referral to the cardiology department was requested to perform a transthoracic echocardiogram where vegetation was observed in the mitral valve with moderate mitral regurgitation and moderate left ventricular dysfunction. A diagnosis of infective endocarditis was made 24 hours after the patient's admission. Treatment with clindamycin was discontinued. During her evolution, the patient's haemodynamics worsened, requiring inotropic drugs and her respiratory mechanics required non-invasive ventilation. After several days of antibiotic treatment she continued with febrile registers. A transesophageal echocardiogram was performed which showed an image compatible with mitral annulus abscess. Due to the patient's haemodynamic instability, the cardiovascular surgery department decided not to perform surgery at that time. Four days after admission, the first blood cultures obtained were positive for Staphylococcus aureus, aminoglycosides were discontinued and Vancomycin was indicated. The patient's haemodynamic and laboratory parameters improved, the renal insufficiency was reversed, the skin lesions disappeared, and after 16 days she was allowed to be transferred to Buenos Aires to continue antibiotic treatment and plan the surgical strategy.
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en
A 30-day-old woman consulted for fever, non-specific exanthema, cough and rhinorrhoea. Feeding with artificial formula with good intake, no vomiting and normal stools. Physical examination: reticulated macular rash, erythematous on the lower limbs. Laboratory tests: CRP 18mg/dl, PCT 0.19ng/dl, leukocytes 19000/ul, eosinophilia 40% (7,500Eos/mm3). Peripheral blood smear with normal morphology eosinophils. IgE 752KU/L, CAP to cow's milk: 21.70KU/L, alpha-lactoalbumin (ALA) 8.97KU/L, beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) 20.40KU/L, casein 15.80KU/L. Prick-test: ALA 1mm, BLG 1mm, Casein 2mm, Cow's milk 3mm. Virus serology negative and ANA negative. Chest X-ray, echocardiogram, chest and abdominal ultrasound without alterations. With the diagnosis of IgE-mediated APLV and viriasis, feeding was started with hydrolysed casein formula with good tolerance. Eosinophilia decreased to 680Eos/mm3 at 2 months. The study was repeated at 3 months with IgE 9.93KU/L and IgE(CAP) allergens: cow's milk 0.20KU/L, ALA 0.00KU/L, BLG 0.00KU/L, casein0.05KU/L. The following month prick-test with ALA: 0mm, BLG 0mm, Casein 0mm and cow's milk 0mm. An open oral challenge test was carried out with 13% starting formula with progressive increases until 240mL was completed, and cow's milk was immediately negative and reintroduced. One month later, an increase in eosinophilia was detected (7.3%, 980 Eos/mm3), and the patient remained asymptomatic with a normal postnatal development.
[ "A", "30-day-old", "woman", "consulted", "for", "fever", ",", "non-specific", "exanthema", ",", "cough", "and", "rhinorrhoea", ".", "Feeding", "with", "artificial", "formula", "with", "good", "intake", ",", "no", "vomiting", "and", "normal", "stools", ".", "Physical", "examination", ":", "reticulated", "macular", "rash", ",", "erythematous", "on", "the", "lower", "limbs", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", ":", "CRP", "18mg", "/", "dl", ",", "PCT", "0", ".", "19ng", "/", "dl", ",", "leukocytes", "19000", "/", "ul", ",", "eosinophilia", "40", "%", "(", "7", ",", "500Eos", "/", "mm3", ")", ".", "Peripheral", "blood", "smear", "with", "normal", "morphology", "eosinophils", ".", "IgE", "752KU", "/", "L", ",", "CAP", "to", "cow", "'", "s", "milk", ":", "21", ".", "70KU", "/", "L", ",", "alpha-lactoalbumin", "(", "ALA", ")", "8", ".", "97KU", "/", "L", ",", "beta-lactoglobulin", "(", "BLG", ")", "20", ".", "40KU", "/", "L", ",", "casein", "15", ".", "80KU", "/", "L", ".", "Prick-test", ":", "ALA", "1mm", ",", "BLG", "1mm", ",", "Casein", "2mm", ",", "Cow", "'", "s", "milk", "3mm", ".", "Virus", "serology", "negative", "and", "ANA", "negative", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", ",", "echocardiogram", ",", "chest", "and", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "without", "alterations", ".", "With", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "IgE-mediated", "APLV", "and", "viriasis", ",", "feeding", "was", "started", "with", "hydrolysed", "casein", "formula", "with", "good", "tolerance", ".", "Eosinophilia", "decreased", "to", "680Eos", "/", "mm3", "at", "2", "months", ".", "The", "study", "was", "repeated", "at", "3", "months", "with", "IgE", "9", ".", "93KU", "/", "L", "and", "IgE", "(", "CAP", ")", "allergens", ":", "cow", "'", "s", "milk", "0", ".", "20KU", "/", "L", ",", "ALA", "0", ".", "00KU", "/", "L", ",", "BLG", "0", ".", "00KU", "/", "L", ",", "casein0", ".", "05KU", "/", "L", ".", "The", "following", "month", "prick-test", "with", "ALA", ":", "0mm", ",", "BLG", "0mm", ",", "Casein", "0mm", "and", "cow", "'", "s", "milk", "0mm", ".", "An", "open", "oral", "challenge", "test", "was", "carried", "out", "with", "13", "%", "starting", "formula", "with", "progressive", "increases", "until", "240mL", "was", "completed", ",", "and", "cow", "'", "s", "milk", "was", "immediately", "negative", "and", "reintroduced", ".", "One", "month", "later", ",", "an", "increase", "in", "eosinophilia", "was", "detected", "(", "7", ".", "3", "%", ",", "980", "Eos", "/", "mm3", ")", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "remained", "asymptomatic", "with", "a", "normal", "postnatal", "development", "." ]
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 13, "end": 18 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1394, "end": 1401 }, { "text": "cow", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 428, "end": 431 }, { "text": "Cow", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 582, "end": 585 }, { "text": "cow", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 974, "end": 977 }, { "text": "cow", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1109, "end": 1112 }, { "text": "cow", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1253, "end": 1256 }, { "text": "Virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 598, "end": 603 } ]
en
An 8-year-old boy with atopic dermatitis and multiple food allergy to cow's milk protein, egg, nuts, fish and shellfish. Recent episode of angioedema after eating kiwi. In a pre-surgical evaluation for anaesthesia, latex sensitisation was detected in a recent analysis, postponing surgery. The allergological study was extended with a negative prick test for latex, a blood test with IgE 5007 U/mL, kiwi-specific IgE 5.54 kU/L, latex 1.1 kU/L, rHev b1, b3, b5, b6, b8, b9, b11 negative, and a negative glove test. Latex sensitisation was diagnosed and surgery was performed without complications.
[ "An", "8-year-old", "boy", "with", "atopic", "dermatitis", "and", "multiple", "food", "allergy", "to", "cow", "'", "s", "milk", "protein", ",", "egg", ",", "nuts", ",", "fish", "and", "shellfish", ".", "Recent", "episode", "of", "angioedema", "after", "eating", "kiwi", ".", "In", "a", "pre-surgical", "evaluation", "for", "anaesthesia", ",", "latex", "sensitisation", "was", "detected", "in", "a", "recent", "analysis", ",", "postponing", "surgery", ".", "The", "allergological", "study", "was", "extended", "with", "a", "negative", "prick", "test", "for", "latex", ",", "a", "blood", "test", "with", "IgE", "5007", "U", "/", "mL", ",", "kiwi-specific", "IgE", "5", ".", "54", "kU", "/", "L", ",", "latex", "1", ".", "1", "kU", "/", "L", ",", "rHev", "b1", ",", "b3", ",", "b5", ",", "b6", ",", "b8", ",", "b9", ",", "b11", "negative", ",", "and", "a", "negative", "glove", "test", ".", "Latex", "sensitisation", "was", "diagnosed", "and", "surgery", "was", "performed", "without", "complications", "." ]
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[ { "text": "kiwi", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 163, "end": 167 }, { "text": "kiwi", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 399, "end": 403 }, { "text": "fish", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 101, "end": 105 }, { "text": "cow", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 70, "end": 73 } ]
en
A 47 year old woman, Italian nationality, on a tourist trip to Argentina, living with her travelling companion in a mobile home. They visited for 50 days the region known as Gran Chaco: Formosa (from 8 to 25 May), Chaco (29 May to 9 June) to enter the El Rey National Park, Salta, from 11 to 16 June. This is a transition region, between the tropical Andean rainforest (Yungas) and small areas of the highland chaco. They learned from the park ranger service of the risk of being bitten by ticks. On 21 June they arrived in the city of Tucumán, where in the evening the patient presented hyperthermia (40 °C), chills, headache, myalgia, anorexia and purpuric rash on upper and lower limbs. It rapidly worsened, adding polyarthralgias, cutaneous-mucosal pallor, acrocyanosis, vomiting, tachypnoea, confusional syndrome with delirium, hypoglycaemia (0.4 g/l), for which he was admitted to intensive care, with a diagnosis of severe community sepsis. Parenteral antibiotic treatment was administered: ceftriaxone 2 g every 12 hours, ampicillin 1 g every 4 hours and acyclovir 500 mg every 8 hours, and mechanical ventilation. On the sixth day he had a fatal evolution preceded by tonic-clonic convulsions, progressive hypothermia and shock. During hospitalisation, an ulcerative lesion was visualised, covered with an eschar, similar to tache noire 2. Her partner stated that she had been bitten, at least by a tick, in the El Rey National Park. Tests carried out: Studies for dengue (RT-PCR, non-structural antigen -NS1-, IgM Mac ELISA), chikungunya (real-time PCR), hantavirus (IgM Mac ELISA), thick drop for malaria, rk39 protein for visceral leishmaniasis, Chagas disease (ELISA and HAI), syphilis (VDRL), brucellosis (Huddleson, BPA and Rose Bengal), and antibodies for HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C were requested. All these studies were negative. Serial blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture were negative (physical and chemical examination of CSF was normal). Computed tomography (CT) of the brain: normal; CT of the chest: small bilateral pleural effusion, with no signs of condensation; CT of the abdomen and pelvis: significant splenomegaly, with no free fluid in the cavity. Pelvis without particularities. Autopsy: splenic and hepatic tissue was processed with PCR technique for Rickettsia spp, based on the detection of the gltA5 gene, the result of which was positive. BLAST alignments showed that the analysed sequences had 99% (360/364 bp) homology with several R. rickettsii strains (matching GenBank codes CP006009.1, CP006010.1, JN375499.1, CP003305.1, CP000848.1), generalised petechial and purpuric exanthema and the aforementioned inoculation eschar were observed. Internally, there was mild hepato-splenomegaly, pulmonary haemorrhage, erosive and haemorrhagic gastritis, ascites, congestion and marked swelling of both kidneys. Microscopically, small and medium-sized vessels with variable endothelial damage and thrombosis in different stages were detected systemically, with little inflammatory response. The kidneys showed glomerular thrombotic microangiopathy and acute tubular necrosis, plus acute pulmonary oedema and portal and centrolobulillar necrosis, which made up the multiple organ failure.
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"hyperthermia", "(", "40", "°", "C", ")", ",", "chills", ",", "headache", ",", "myalgia", ",", "anorexia", "and", "purpuric", "rash", "on", "upper", "and", "lower", "limbs", ".", "It", "rapidly", "worsened", ",", "adding", "polyarthralgias", ",", "cutaneous-mucosal", "pallor", ",", "acrocyanosis", ",", "vomiting", ",", "tachypnoea", ",", "confusional", "syndrome", "with", "delirium", ",", "hypoglycaemia", "(", "0", ".", "4", "g", "/", "l", ")", ",", "for", "which", "he", "was", "admitted", "to", "intensive", "care", ",", "with", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "severe", "community", "sepsis", ".", "Parenteral", "antibiotic", "treatment", "was", "administered", ":", "ceftriaxone", "2", "g", "every", "12", "hours", ",", "ampicillin", "1", "g", "every", "4", "hours", "and", "acyclovir", "500", "mg", "every", "8", "hours", ",", "and", "mechanical", "ventilation", ".", "On", "the", "sixth", "day", "he", "had", "a", "fatal", "evolution", "preceded", "by", "tonic-clonic", "convulsions", ",", "progressive", "hypothermia", "and", "shock", ".", "During", "hospitalisation", ",", "an", "ulcerative", "lesion", "was", "visualised", ",", "covered", "with", "an", "eschar", ",", "similar", "to", "tache", "noire", "2", ".", "Her", "partner", "stated", "that", "she", "had", "been", "bitten", ",", "at", "least", "by", "a", "tick", ",", "in", "the", "El", "Rey", "National", "Park", ".", "Tests", "carried", "out", ":", "Studies", "for", "dengue", "(", "RT-PCR", ",", "non-structural", "antigen", "-", "NS1", "-", ",", "IgM", "Mac", "ELISA", ")", ",", "chikungunya", "(", "real-time", "PCR", ")", ",", "hantavirus", "(", "IgM", "Mac", "ELISA", ")", ",", "thick", "drop", "for", "malaria", ",", "rk39", "protein", "for", "visceral", "leishmaniasis", ",", "Chagas", "disease", "(", "ELISA", "and", "HAI", ")", ",", "syphilis", "(", "VDRL", ")", ",", "brucellosis", "(", "Huddleson", ",", "BPA", "and", "Rose", "Bengal", ")", ",", "and", "antibodies", "for", "HIV", "/", "AIDS", ",", "hepatitis", "B", "and", "C", "were", "requested", ".", "All", "these", "studies", "were", "negative", ".", "Serial", "blood", "cultures", "and", "cerebrospinal", "fluid", "(", "CSF", ")", "culture", "were", "negative", "(", "physical", "and", "chemical", "examination", "of", "CSF", "was", "normal", ")", ".", "Computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "of", "the", "brain", ":", "normal", ";", "CT", "of", "the", "chest", ":", "small", "bilateral", "pleural", "effusion", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "condensation", ";", "CT", "of", "the", "abdomen", "and", "pelvis", ":", "significant", "splenomegaly", ",", "with", "no", "free", "fluid", "in", "the", "cavity", ".", "Pelvis", "without", "particularities", ".", "Autopsy", ":", "splenic", "and", "hepatic", "tissue", "was", "processed", "with", "PCR", "technique", "for", "Rickettsia", "spp", ",", "based", "on", "the", "detection", "of", "the", "gltA5", "gene", ",", "the", "result", "of", "which", "was", "positive", ".", "BLAST", "alignments", "showed", 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"showed", "glomerular", "thrombotic", "microangiopathy", "and", "acute", "tubular", "necrosis", ",", "plus", "acute", "pulmonary", "oedema", "and", "portal", "and", "centrolobulillar", "necrosis", ",", "which", "made", "up", "the", "multiple", "organ", "failure", "." ]
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en
94-year-old woman who had had close contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19 eleven days earlier. She presented with lethargy and fever (maximum temperature of 39°C) of 8 days' duration; her history included 10 years of coronary heart disease. Physical examination revealed wheezing in both lungs and peripheral oedema; a chest X-ray identified infiltrates and consolidations in the right lung and right pleural effusion. He had C-reactive protein values of 115.1 mg/L (normal value < 3 mg/mL) and a white blood cell count of 10.2 × 109 cells/L, with 9% lymphocytes. Tests processed by the Beijing Centres for Disease Control confirmed COVID-19. At the indication of his relatives, we provided non-invasive therapy with oxygen therapy and symptomatic treatment. Gradually, he developed dyspnoea and hypoxaemia and suffered a fatal cardiac arrest on day 10 of illness.
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en
Anamnesis A 56-year-old man with a personal history of long-standing type II diabetes mellitus treated with oral antidiabetics, smoker of a packet of cigarettes a day, occasional drinker and with gouty arthritis. The patient presented to the Emergency Department with a clinical picture of 10 days' evolution consisting of left lumbar pain radiating towards the lower abdomen associated with several episodes of emesis with a bilious appearance, fever of 39°C, profuse sweating, hyporexia and choluria. The relative reported isolated episodes of disorientation and dysarthric speech. Physical examination The patient was admitted to the ED with poor general condition, high fever up to 39.5oC, blood pressure 90/50 mmHg, profuse sweating and tachycardia at 140 bpm, with low level of consciousness. On examination by apparatus the following was observed: rhythmic heart sounds without murmurs, vesicular murmur present without added sounds. The abdomen was soft, depressible, with no signs of peritoneal irritation. Extremities were cold with no signs of deep vein thrombosis. Basic support measures were initiated and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) staff were contacted, who decided to admit him immediately to the ICU. Complementary tests Venous blood gases: pH 7.37, PaCO2 30.9 mmHg, HCO3 17.4 mEq/l, haemoglobin 12.9 mg/dl, potassium 3.3 mEq/l, sodium 120 mEq/l, glucose 266 mg/dl, lactate 1.9 IU/l. ● ED CBC (7/2/2012): creatinine 4.17 mg/dl, urea 177 mg/dl, total bilirubin 2.11 mg/dl, direct bilirubin 1.69 mg/dl, glucose 300 mg/dl, sodium 133 mEq/l, leucocytes 21.6 x 109/l, neutrophils 18.6 x 109/l, platelets 9 x 109/l. Urine: 250 leucocytes/field, 30 red blood cells/field. Ultrasound (6/2/2012): ultrasound findings compatible with emphysematous pyelitis of the left kidney with associated moderate pyelocaliceal dilatation. Doubtful presence of air bubbles in the cortex of the middle third of the left kidney, in which case it would be emphysematous pyelonephritis. Hepatic steatosis grade 2. Hepatosplenomegaly. ● Based on the ultrasound findings, it was decided to perform an urgent CT scan: enlarged liver, with decreased density in relation to a diffuse grade 2 hepatic steatosis. Gall bladder and biliary tract, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands and right kidney without significant findings. The left kidney is enlarged, oedematous, with globular morphology and decreased or delayed IVC uptake, with moderate ectasia of the pelvis and proximal ureter showing hyperuptake of its walls, as an inflammatory finding. No intra- or perirenal collections were observed, with a discrete increase in the density of the perirenal fascia as the only finding. No significant alterations were identified in the distribution and morphology of intestinal loops and mesos, or in the vascular retroperitoneum. Pelvis with no findings. No free fluid. Diagnosis Septic shock of urological origin secondary to obstructive uropathy not yet identified. Treatment During his stay in the ICU, he required amine support in the first hours of admission due to haemodynamic failure refractory to administration of serum therapy. Two pools of platelets were transfused for examination and urinary diversion, and a nephrostomy catheter was placed in the left kidney, initially obtaining brownish-bloody material. Progressive clinical improvement, with withdrawal of amines 24-48 hours after admission. Respiratory stable at all times with O2 saturation 98-99% with Ventimask at the beginning and subsequently with nasal goggles. Diuresis maintained. Evolution In the ICU he evolved favourably, with improvement in the analytical parameters, and was transferred to the urology ward on the fifth day. Once there, the patient began to experience sudden bilateral loss of vision. Once on the ward, he was seen by the ophthalmology specialist, who diagnosed bilateral vitreous haemorrhage with posterior iris synechiae. An ocular ultrasound was requested, which revealed bilateral endophthalmitis secondary to sepsis, and a cranial CT scan ruled out central nervous system involvement. The patient could only see occasional shadows. The patient remained febrile for most of his admission (42 days in total), so serial cultures were taken, isolating Escherichia coli in blood culture, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium in vitreous humour culture and Acinetobacter baumanii in urine. Since then, successive blood and urine cultures have been performed, all of which have been negative. All were successfully treated with antibiotics according to the antibiogram. From the urological point of view, we began the study of the left pyelocaliceal dilatation, performing imaging tests, including abdominal X-ray, ultrasound and computed tomography (CT), which reported only some renal microabscesses, abscess in the iliac psoas and spondylodiscitis due to E. coli. All of these resolved and were confirmed by subsequent imaging tests. The left kidney was observed without dilatation, with adequate placement of the nephrostomy catheter and no cause of the obstruction could be seen. We decided to perform a nephrostogram, which showed a stop to the passage of contrast at the level of the lumbar ureter at L3-L4, which showed a rounded shape suggestive of radiolucent lithiasis versus pathway tumour. Another CT scan was requested to try to clarify the aetiology, and again no ureter occupation was observed. Urine cytology was requested, which was reported as rectifying cellular atypia, with mild acute inflammatory exudate and fungi of the Candida genus. The Infectious Diseases Service considered it as contamination of the sample and did not treat it. In view of the confusing findings of all the diagnostic tests, the patient was scheduled for a left ureteroscopy, which revealed a fibrinoid, friable lesion that did not bleed, and no lithiasis was found at any level. A sample was taken for biopsy with cold forceps and a double J catheter was left in place. The pathological anatomy of the material submitted was reported as fibrino-inflammatory material with coccal colonies, absence of neoplasia and lithiasis crystals. The Urology, Ophthalmology and Infectious Diseases Departments decided to discharge the patient with follow-up consultations. At discharge, the urological condition is under control, but the cause of the hydronephrosis is still unknown. It is pending review by the Surgical Retina team, but the patient remains blind.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "56-year-old", "man", "with", "a", "personal", "history", "of", "long-standing", "type", "II", "diabetes", "mellitus", "treated", "with", "oral", "antidiabetics", ",", "smoker", "of", "a", "packet", "of", "cigarettes", "a", "day", ",", "occasional", "drinker", "and", "with", "gouty", "arthritis", ".", "The", "patient", "presented", "to", "the", "Emergency", "Department", "with", "a", "clinical", "picture", "of", "10", "days", "'", "evolution", "consisting", "of", "left", "lumbar", "pain", "radiating", "towards", "the", "lower", "abdomen", "associated", "with", "several", "episodes", "of", "emesis", "with", "a", "bilious", "appearance", ",", "fever", "of", "39", "°", "C", ",", "profuse", "sweating", ",", "hyporexia", "and", "choluria", ".", "The", "relative", "reported", "isolated", "episodes", "of", "disorientation", "and", "dysarthric", "speech", ".", "Physical", "examination", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "ED", "with", "poor", "general", "condition", ",", "high", "fever", "up", "to", "39", ".", "5oC", ",", "blood", "pressure", "90", "/", "50", "mmHg", ",", "profuse", "sweating", "and", "tachycardia", "at", "140", "bpm", ",", "with", "low", "level", "of", "consciousness", ".", "On", "examination", "by", "apparatus", "the", "following", "was", "observed", ":", "rhythmic", "heart", "sounds", "without", "murmurs", ",", "vesicular", "murmur", "present", "without", "added", "sounds", ".", "The", "abdomen", "was", "soft", ",", "depressible", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "peritoneal", "irritation", ".", "Extremities", "were", "cold", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "deep", "vein", "thrombosis", ".", "Basic", "support", "measures", "were", "initiated", "and", "Intensive", "Care", "Unit", "(", "ICU", ")", "staff", "were", "contacted", ",", "who", "decided", "to", "admit", "him", "immediately", "to", "the", "ICU", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "Venous", "blood", "gases", ":", "pH", "7", ".", "37", ",", "PaCO2", "30", ".", "9", "mmHg", ",", "HCO3", "17", ".", "4", "mEq", "/", "l", ",", "haemoglobin", "12", ".", "9", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "potassium", "3", ".", "3", "mEq", "/", "l", ",", "sodium", "120", "mEq", "/", "l", ",", "glucose", "266", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "lactate", "1", ".", "9", "IU", "/", "l", ".", "●", "ED", "CBC", "(", "7", "/", "2", "/", "2012", ")", ":", "creatinine", "4", ".", "17", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "urea", "177", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "total", "bilirubin", "2", ".", "11", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "direct", "bilirubin", "1", ".", "69", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "glucose", "300", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "sodium", "133", "mEq", "/", "l", ",", "leucocytes", "21", ".", "6", "x", "109", "/", "l", ",", "neutrophils", "18", ".", "6", "x", "109", "/", "l", ",", "platelets", "9", "x", "109", "/", "l", ".", "Urine", ":", "250", "leucocytes", "/", "field", ",", "30", "red", "blood", "cells", "/", "field", ".", "Ultrasound", "(", "6", "/", "2", "/", "2012", ")", ":", "ultrasound", "findings", "compatible", "with", "emphysematous", "pyelitis", "of", "the", "left", "kidney", "with", "associated", "moderate", "pyelocaliceal", "dilatation", ".", "Doubtful", "presence", "of", "air", "bubbles", "in", "the", "cortex", "of", "the", "middle", "third", "of", "the", "left", "kidney", ",", "in", "which", "case", "it", "would", "be", "emphysematous", "pyelonephritis", ".", "Hepatic", "steatosis", "grade", "2", ".", "Hepatosplenomegaly", ".", "●", "Based", "on", "the", "ultrasound", "findings", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "an", "urgent", "CT", "scan", ":", "enlarged", "liver", ",", "with", "decreased", "density", "in", "relation", "to", "a", "diffuse", "grade", "2", "hepatic", "steatosis", ".", "Gall", "bladder", "and", "biliary", "tract", ",", "pancreas", ",", "spleen", ",", "adrenal", "glands", "and", "right", "kidney", "without", "significant", "findings", ".", "The", "left", "kidney", "is", "enlarged", ",", "oedematous", ",", "with", "globular", "morphology", "and", "decreased", "or", "delayed", "IVC", "uptake", ",", "with", "moderate", "ectasia", "of", "the", "pelvis", "and", "proximal", "ureter", "showing", "hyperuptake", "of", "its", "walls", ",", "as", "an", "inflammatory", "finding", ".", "No", "intra", "-", "or", "perirenal", "collections", "were", "observed", ",", "with", "a", "discrete", "increase", "in", "the", "density", "of", "the", "perirenal", "fascia", "as", "the", "only", "finding", ".", "No", "significant", "alterations", "were", "identified", "in", "the", "distribution", "and", "morphology", "of", "intestinal", "loops", "and", "mesos", ",", "or", "in", "the", "vascular", "retroperitoneum", ".", "Pelvis", "with", "no", "findings", ".", "No", "free", "fluid", ".", "Diagnosis", "Septic", "shock", "of", "urological", "origin", "secondary", "to", "obstructive", "uropathy", "not", "yet", "identified", ".", "Treatment", "During", "his", "stay", "in", "the", "ICU", ",", "he", "required", "amine", "support", "in", "the", "first", "hours", "of", "admission", "due", "to", "haemodynamic", "failure", "refractory", "to", "administration", "of", "serum", "therapy", ".", "Two", "pools", "of", "platelets", "were", "transfused", "for", "examination", "and", "urinary", "diversion", ",", "and", "a", "nephrostomy", "catheter", "was", "placed", "in", "the", "left", "kidney", ",", "initially", "obtaining", "brownish-bloody", "material", ".", "Progressive", "clinical", "improvement", ",", "with", "withdrawal", "of", "amines", "24-48", "hours", "after", "admission", ".", "Respiratory", "stable", "at", "all", "times", "with", "O2", "saturation", "98-99", "%", "with", "Ventimask", "at", "the", "beginning", "and", "subsequently", "with", "nasal", "goggles", ".", "Diuresis", "maintained", ".", "Evolution", "In", "the", "ICU", "he", "evolved", "favourably", ",", "with", "improvement", "in", "the", "analytical", "parameters", ",", "and", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "urology", "ward", "on", "the", "fifth", "day", ".", "Once", "there", ",", "the", "patient", "began", "to", "experience", "sudden", "bilateral", "loss", "of", "vision", ".", "Once", "on", "the", "ward", ",", "he", "was", "seen", "by", "the", "ophthalmology", "specialist", ",", "who", "diagnosed", "bilateral", "vitreous", "haemorrhage", "with", "posterior", "iris", "synechiae", ".", "An", "ocular", "ultrasound", "was", "requested", ",", "which", "revealed", "bilateral", "endophthalmitis", "secondary", "to", "sepsis", ",", "and", "a", "cranial", "CT", "scan", "ruled", "out", "central", "nervous", "system", "involvement", ".", "The", "patient", "could", "only", "see", "occasional", "shadows", ".", "The", "patient", "remained", "febrile", "for", "most", "of", "his", "admission", "(", "42", "days", "in", "total", ")", ",", "so", "serial", "cultures", "were", "taken", ",", "isolating", "Escherichia", "coli", "in", "blood", "culture", ",", "Klebsiella", "pneumoniae", ",", "Enterococcus", "faecium", "in", "vitreous", "humour", "culture", "and", "Acinetobacter", "baumanii", "in", "urine", ".", "Since", "then", ",", "successive", "blood", "and", "urine", "cultures", "have", "been", "performed", ",", "all", "of", "which", "have", "been", "negative", ".", "All", "were", "successfully", "treated", "with", "antibiotics", "according", "to", "the", "antibiogram", ".", "From", "the", "urological", "point", "of", "view", ",", "we", "began", "the", "study", "of", "the", "left", "pyelocaliceal", "dilatation", ",", "performing", "imaging", "tests", ",", "including", "abdominal", "X-ray", ",", "ultrasound", "and", "computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", ",", "which", "reported", "only", "some", "renal", "microabscesses", ",", "abscess", "in", "the", "iliac", "psoas", "and", "spondylodiscitis", "due", "to", "E", ".", "coli", ".", "All", "of", "these", "resolved", "and", "were", "confirmed", "by", "subsequent", "imaging", "tests", ".", "The", "left", "kidney", "was", "observed", "without", "dilatation", ",", "with", "adequate", "placement", "of", "the", "nephrostomy", "catheter", "and", "no", "cause", "of", "the", "obstruction", "could", "be", "seen", ".", "We", "decided", "to", "perform", "a", "nephrostogram", ",", "which", "showed", "a", "stop", "to", "the", "passage", "of", "contrast", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "lumbar", "ureter", "at", "L3-L4", ",", "which", "showed", "a", "rounded", "shape", "suggestive", "of", "radiolucent", "lithiasis", "versus", "pathway", "tumour", ".", "Another", "CT", "scan", "was", "requested", "to", "try", "to", "clarify", "the", "aetiology", ",", "and", "again", "no", "ureter", "occupation", "was", "observed", ".", "Urine", "cytology", "was", "requested", ",", "which", "was", "reported", "as", "rectifying", "cellular", "atypia", ",", "with", "mild", "acute", "inflammatory", "exudate", "and", "fungi", "of", "the", "Candida", "genus", ".", "The", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Service", "considered", "it", "as", "contamination", "of", "the", "sample", "and", "did", "not", "treat", "it", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "confusing", "findings", "of", "all", "the", "diagnostic", "tests", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "scheduled", "for", "a", "left", "ureteroscopy", ",", "which", "revealed", "a", "fibrinoid", ",", "friable", "lesion", "that", "did", "not", "bleed", ",", "and", "no", "lithiasis", "was", "found", "at", "any", "level", ".", "A", "sample", "was", "taken", "for", "biopsy", "with", "cold", "forceps", "and", "a", "double", "J", "catheter", "was", "left", "in", "place", ".", "The", "pathological", "anatomy", "of", "the", "material", "submitted", "was", "reported", "as", "fibrino-inflammatory", "material", "with", "coccal", "colonies", ",", "absence", "of", "neoplasia", "and", "lithiasis", "crystals", ".", "The", "Urology", ",", "Ophthalmology", "and", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Departments", "decided", "to", "discharge", "the", "patient", "with", "follow-up", "consultations", ".", "At", "discharge", ",", "the", "urological", "condition", "is", "under", "control", ",", "but", "the", "cause", "of", "the", "hydronephrosis", "is", "still", "unknown", ".", "It", "is", "pending", "review", "by", "the", "Surgical", "Retina", "team", ",", "but", "the", "patient", "remains", "blind", "." ]
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en
This is a 63-year-old mestizo man from Medellín, resident of Bogotá, who had recently travelled to the United States. He had a history of epilepsy with adequately treated absence seizures; he did not smoke and his alcohol consumption was occasional. He consulted due to a clinical picture of 15 days of evolution with intense abdominal pain "difficult to describe" (more acute in the mesogastric and epigastric regions), interrupted sleep, hyporexia and decreased frequency and quantity of bowel movements during the previous seven days. The patient associated the onset of symptoms with the ingestion of tap water at home. He had consulted the emergency department four times in the previous week for the same reason. On admission, the patient was in good general condition, hydrated, with blood pressure 123/74 mm Hg, heart rate 75 beats per minute, respiratory rate 16 per minute, temperature 37 o C, normal pharynx, unaltered neck, normal cardiopulmonary status on auscultation, reduced peristaltic sounds, pain on palpation throughout the colicky frame, no signs of peritoneal irritation, while all other aspects were within normal limits. The patient was hospitalised and underwent paraclinical evaluations with the following results: leucocytes: 8,120 per mm3 , neutrophils: 59.4 %, lymphocytes: 16.0 %, eosinophils: 18.6 %, haemoglobin: 17.4 g/dl, haematocrit: 48.4 % and platelets: 275,000 per μl; the urinalysis was normal and the results of the other relevant paraclinical examinations were within normal limits for age. Plain radiography, ultrasonography, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed no abnormalities. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a hiatal hernia with Schatzki's ring, and congestive and oedematous antral mucosa with some erosions. Biopsy revealed chronic active gastritis, while lower GI endoscopy revealed no abnormalities. During hospitalisation, the patient presented several panic attacks, agitation and anxiety as well as exacerbation of abdominal pain, requiring psychiatric medical and pharmacological management. On the sixth day of hospitalisation, a painful, erythematous area measuring 2 x 2 cm appeared on the right abdominal flank, which evolved in a serpentine migratory pattern and progressed across the midline and returned to describe an elongated "X"-like pattern. A skin biopsy was taken from the site where the lesion started and histopathology showed dermoepidermal atrophy and large numbers of perivascular and interstitial eosinophils. One week after the onset of the lesion, a careful manual examination was performed and, on patching the lesion, a raised area was found on the right flank from which an approximately 8 mm long larva was removed using mineral oil and a tongue depressor. Examination of the larva under the light microscope showed a worm consisting of a cephalic bulb and a body; around the bulb the characteristic four rows of hooks were identified, as well as a long oesophagus encircled by cervical sacs that joined the intestine, which appeared lined by simple cylindrical and multi-nucleated epithelium with haematoxylin and eosin staining. This characteristic allowed identification of the specimen as belonging to the genus Florida in the United States, where the patient consumed food prepared with fish and shellfish; although it is clear that the geographical area described is not endemic for this condition, it is known that more than 90 % of the fish and shellfish sold there are imported from countries such as China, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Ecuador, Peru and Mexico, nations recognised as endemic for gnathostomiasis. Taxonomic identification is based on certain morphological characteristics of the larva, including body shape, the number of rows of hooks at the cephalic end and of hooks in each row, the extent of the body covered by spines, and the number of nuclei in the intestinal cells, which vary between species. The rows of hooks allow the larva to break through host tissues and produce mechanical tissue damage and symptoms. Species identification is useful from an epidemiological point of view, as treatment is the same for all species. Clinical features can be divided into immediate post-infection symptoms and cutaneous or visceral symptoms, depending on the case. Within 24-48 hours after ingestion of the parasite, the individual may present with malaise, fever, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, which may be diffuse, epigastric or localised in the right upper quadrant. Gnathostoma and G. spinigerum as the most likely species, thus confirming the diagnosis of cutaneous gnathostomiasis. The patient was treated with 200 mg albendazole daily for 18 days and progressed satisfactorily.
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"characteristic", "allowed", "identification", "of", "the", "specimen", "as", "belonging", "to", "the", "genus", "Florida", "in", "the", "United", "States", ",", "where", "the", "patient", "consumed", "food", "prepared", "with", "fish", "and", "shellfish", ";", "although", "it", "is", "clear", "that", "the", "geographical", "area", "described", "is", "not", "endemic", "for", "this", "condition", ",", "it", "is", "known", "that", "more", "than", "90", "%", "of", "the", "fish", "and", "shellfish", "sold", "there", "are", "imported", "from", "countries", "such", "as", "China", ",", "the", "Philippines", ",", "Thailand", ",", "Vietnam", ",", "Ecuador", ",", "Peru", "and", "Mexico", ",", "nations", "recognised", "as", "endemic", "for", "gnathostomiasis", ".", "Taxonomic", "identification", "is", "based", "on", "certain", "morphological", "characteristics", "of", "the", "larva", ",", "including", "body", "shape", ",", "the", "number", "of", "rows", "of", "hooks", "at", "the", "cephalic", 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en
We present the case of a 63-year-old woman who came to the emergency department with a fever of 5 days' evolution in the form of febrile peaks, 2 to 3 per day, reaching temperatures of up to 40oC, associated with general malaise, nausea with vomiting coinciding with ingestion and diarrhoeal stools without pathological products. Her medical history included systemic lupus erythematosus on immunosuppressive treatment with prednisone 5mg/24h and azathioprine 50mg/12h, at the present time, and no recent history of outbreaks, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. The patient was specifically asked about any epidemiological history of interest, denying contact with animals, recent travel and risky sexual practices. On examination the patient was drowsy, although conscious and oriented, with dry skin and mucous membranes, hypotensive (70/40 mmHg), tachypnoea at 36 rpm maintaining SpO2 98% baseline, rhythmic at 75 bpm with normal cardiorespiratory auscultation. Examination by apparatus and systems revealed pain on palpation in the right hypochondrium, with no defence or peritonism and no palpable megaliths, as well as minimal bimalleolar oedema in the lower limbs. Initial laboratory studies revealed renal dysfunction (creatinine 2.1 mg/dl, urea 92 mg/dl, sodium 126 mmol/l), liver dysfunction (GOT 125U/l, GPT 80 U/l), elevated acute phase reactants (CRP 285.7 mg/l, fibrinogen 743 mg/dl, procalcitonin 17.42 ng/ml), anaemia 9.4 g/dl and neutrophilia (9930/microL, 91.6%). Other parameters (glycaemia, bilirubin, amylase, coagulation and venous gases) were normal. Urinalysis showed haematuria and leucocyturia, with negative nitrites. Chest X-ray and electrocardiogram showed no alterations of interest. An urgent abdominal ultrasound was performed, showing at least 4 space-occupying liver lesions (LOEs) of hypoechogenic appearance, some with reinforcement, with septations and echogenic content, the largest of which was 2 cm and located in segment IV. Abdominal ultrasound: Multiple hepatic abscesses. The radiological history of the patient was assessed and a thoracic CT scan was found 5 months earlier showing a normal liver. The radiological conclusion, taking into account the clinical context of the patient and the relative new appearance of the lesions, was that the first possibility was infectious aetiology (abscesses). In view of the patient's clinical situation and the findings of the complementary tests, it was decided to admit her, initiating antibiotic therapy and requesting a complete blood analysis, blood cultures, stool culture and an abdominal CT scan to complete the imaging study. Differential diagnosis Liver abscess is a localised collection in the liver parenchyma resulting from an infectious process caused by bacteria (most common), amoebae or fungi. The liver can be contaminated via haematogenous, biliary or direct contact routes, and knowing the aetiopathogenesis allows us to suspect the micro-organism responsible in most cases. Among the most frequent microorganisms to be taken into account when making the differential diagnosis are the following: - Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp. or Pseudomonas spp. which are implicated in up to 60% of cases. - Anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides spp, Fusobacterium spp, Peptostreptococcus spp and Clostridium spp which are detected in 35-45% of cases. - Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and group D streptococci: these are rare, but should be considered in immunocompromised patients. - Mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis, may cause culture-negative abscesses. - Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp, Yersinia spp and Brucella spp, especially implicated in infections in immunocompromised patients. - Fungi, especially Candida albicans, Aspergillus spp, Histoplasma spp, Cryptosporidium spp and Sporothrix spp, frequently occur in an immunocompromised patient or after a trip abroad in the case of histoplasmosis. - Entamoeba histolytica should be considered in case of a history of travel to an endemic area, presence of dysentery and presence of multiple abscesses. Clinical course During admission, multiple liver abscesses were confirmed by abdominal CT scan, which showed countless LOEs in both lobes with low attenuation in all phases and no central enhancement in relation to the liquid content, with some of them showing minimal peripheral enhancement in the portal and later phases. CT scan of the abdomen w/c: multiple liver abscesses. All these findings were compatible with multiple liver abscesses caused by unusual pyogenic germs. Forty-eight hours after admission, the microbiology department reported growth of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) in the blood cultures taken in the emergency department. In view of this result, in which a germ compatible with the patient's condition was isolated, it was decided not to perform an image-guided puncture, which would have been the diagnostic procedure of choice in this case, given that it was not without risk. Antimicrobial treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin was decided, maintaining the treatment started with metronidazole on admission, although it is controversial to maintain metronidazole as an aerobic germ responsible for the symptoms has been isolated. The patient's evolution was slowly favourable, with haemodynamic stabilisation, fever control and progressive improvement in blood tests, although renal deterioration and oedema in the lower limbs persisted. Given the history of lupus disease, a complete study of autoimmunity and renal function was decided, ruling out a new outbreak of the disease. Hydration and adequate volemia were boosted until renal function was controlled, which returned to normal on discharge. Based on the antibiogram, it was decided to sequence oral treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the duration of which was guided by the clinical, analytical and radiological response. The patient was reviewed in the outpatient clinic one month after discharge from hospital, and a control abdominal ultrasound scan was performed, confirming a decrease in the size of the abscesses, which finally disappeared completely in a new control ultrasound scan two weeks later. Clinically, the patient did not present any further symptoms. Final diagnosis Bacteraemia and liver abscesses due to Listeria monocytogenes in an immunosuppressed patient.
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"contact", "with", "animals", ",", "recent", "travel", "and", "risky", "sexual", "practices", ".", "On", "examination", "the", "patient", "was", "drowsy", ",", "although", "conscious", "and", "oriented", ",", "with", "dry", "skin", "and", "mucous", "membranes", ",", "hypotensive", "(", "70", "/", "40", "mmHg", ")", ",", "tachypnoea", "at", "36", "rpm", "maintaining", "SpO2", "98", "%", "baseline", ",", "rhythmic", "at", "75", "bpm", "with", "normal", "cardiorespiratory", "auscultation", ".", "Examination", "by", "apparatus", "and", "systems", "revealed", "pain", "on", "palpation", "in", "the", "right", "hypochondrium", ",", "with", "no", "defence", "or", "peritonism", "and", "no", "palpable", "megaliths", ",", "as", "well", "as", "minimal", "bimalleolar", "oedema", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", ".", "Initial", "laboratory", "studies", "revealed", "renal", "dysfunction", "(", "creatinine", "2", ".", "1", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "urea", "92", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "sodium", "126", "mmol", "/", "l", ")", ",", "liver", "dysfunction", "(", "GOT", "125U", "/", "l", ",", "GPT", "80", "U", "/", "l", ")", ",", "elevated", "acute", "phase", "reactants", "(", "CRP", "285", ".", "7", "mg", "/", "l", ",", "fibrinogen", "743", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "procalcitonin", "17", ".", "42", "ng", "/", "ml", ")", ",", "anaemia", "9", ".", "4", "g", "/", "dl", "and", "neutrophilia", "(", "9930", "/", "microL", ",", "91", ".", "6", "%", ")", ".", "Other", "parameters", "(", "glycaemia", ",", "bilirubin", ",", "amylase", ",", "coagulation", "and", "venous", "gases", ")", "were", "normal", ".", "Urinalysis", "showed", "haematuria", "and", "leucocyturia", ",", "with", "negative", "nitrites", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "and", "electrocardiogram", "showed", "no", "alterations", "of", "interest", ".", "An", "urgent", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "was", "performed", ",", "showing", "at", "least", "4", "space-occupying", "liver", "lesions", "(", "LOEs", ")", "of", "hypoechogenic", "appearance", ",", "some", "with", "reinforcement", ",", "with", "septations", "and", "echogenic", "content", ",", "the", "largest", "of", "which", "was", "2", "cm", "and", "located", "in", "segment", "IV", ".", "Abdominal", "ultrasound", ":", "Multiple", "hepatic", "abscesses", ".", "The", "radiological", "history", "of", "the", "patient", "was", "assessed", "and", "a", "thoracic", "CT", "scan", "was", "found", "5", "months", "earlier", "showing", "a", "normal", "liver", ".", "The", "radiological", "conclusion", ",", "taking", "into", "account", "the", "clinical", "context", "of", "the", "patient", "and", "the", "relative", "new", "appearance", "of", "the", "lesions", ",", "was", "that", "the", "first", "possibility", "was", "infectious", "aetiology", "(", "abscesses", ")", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "clinical", "situation", "and", "the", "findings", "of", "the", "complementary", "tests", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "admit", "her", ",", "initiating", "antibiotic", "therapy", "and", "requesting", "a", "complete", "blood", "analysis", ",", "blood", "cultures", ",", "stool", "culture", "and", "an", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "to", "complete", "the", "imaging", "study", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "Liver", "abscess", "is", "a", "localised", "collection", "in", "the", "liver", "parenchyma", "resulting", "from", "an", "infectious", "process", "caused", "by", "bacteria", "(", "most", "common", ")", ",", "amoebae", "or", "fungi", ".", "The", "liver", "can", "be", "contaminated", "via", "haematogenous", ",", "biliary", "or", "direct", "contact", "routes", ",", "and", "knowing", "the", "aetiopathogenesis", "allows", "us", "to", "suspect", "the", "micro-organism", "responsible", "in", "most", "cases", ".", "Among", "the", "most", "frequent", "microorganisms", "to", "be", "taken", "into", "account", "when", "making", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "are", "the", "following", ":", "-", "Gram-negative", "bacteria", "such", "as", "Escherichia", "coli", ",", "Klebsiella", "pneumoniae", ",", "Enterobacter", "spp", ".", "or", "Pseudomonas", "spp", ".", "which", "are", "implicated", "in", "up", "to", "60", "%", "of", "cases", ".", "-", "Anaerobic", "bacteria", "such", "as", "Bacteroides", "spp", ",", "Fusobacterium", "spp", ",", "Peptostreptococcus", "spp", "and", "Clostridium", "spp", "which", "are", "detected", "in", "35-45", "%", "of", "cases", ".", "-", "Gram-positive", "bacteria", "such", "as", "Staphylococcus", "aureus", "and", "group", "D", "streptococci", ":", "these", "are", "rare", ",", "but", "should", "be", "considered", "in", "immunocompromised", "patients", ".", "-", "Mycobacteria", ",", "especially", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", ",", "may", "cause", "culture-negative", "abscesses", ".", "-", "Listeria", "monocytogenes", ",", "Salmonella", "spp", ",", "Yersinia", "spp", "and", "Brucella", "spp", ",", "especially", "implicated", "in", "infections", "in", "immunocompromised", "patients", ".", "-", "Fungi", ",", "especially", "Candida", "albicans", ",", "Aspergillus", "spp", ",", "Histoplasma", "spp", ",", "Cryptosporidium", "spp", "and", "Sporothrix", "spp", ",", "frequently", "occur", "in", "an", "immunocompromised", "patient", "or", "after", "a", "trip", "abroad", "in", "the", "case", "of", "histoplasmosis", ".", "-", "Entamoeba", "histolytica", "should", "be", "considered", "in", "case", "of", "a", "history", "of", "travel", "to", "an", "endemic", "area", ",", "presence", "of", "dysentery", "and", "presence", "of", "multiple", "abscesses", ".", "Clinical", "course", "During", "admission", ",", "multiple", "liver", "abscesses", "were", "confirmed", "by", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", ",", "which", "showed", "countless", "LOEs", "in", "both", "lobes", "with", "low", "attenuation", "in", "all", "phases", "and", "no", "central", "enhancement", "in", "relation", "to", "the", "liquid", "content", ",", "with", "some", "of", "them", "showing", "minimal", "peripheral", "enhancement", "in", "the", "portal", "and", "later", "phases", ".", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "abdomen", "w", "/", "c", ":", "multiple", "liver", "abscesses", ".", "All", "these", "findings", "were", "compatible", "with", "multiple", "liver", "abscesses", "caused", "by", "unusual", "pyogenic", "germs", ".", "Forty-eight", "hours", "after", "admission", ",", "the", "microbiology", "department", "reported", "growth", "of", "Listeria", "monocytogenes", "(", "LM", ")", "in", "the", "blood", "cultures", "taken", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", ".", "In", "view", "of", "this", "result", ",", "in", "which", "a", "germ", "compatible", "with", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "condition", "was", "isolated", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "not", "to", "perform", "an", "image-guided", "puncture", ",", "which", "would", "have", "been", "the", "diagnostic", "procedure", "of", "choice", "in", "this", "case", ",", "given", "that", "it", "was", "not", "without", "risk", ".", "Antimicrobial", "treatment", "with", "ampicillin", "and", "gentamicin", "was", "decided", ",", "maintaining", "the", "treatment", "started", "with", "metronidazole", "on", "admission", ",", "although", "it", "is", "controversial", "to", "maintain", "metronidazole", "as", "an", "aerobic", "germ", "responsible", "for", "the", "symptoms", "has", "been", "isolated", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "evolution", "was", "slowly", "favourable", ",", "with", "haemodynamic", "stabilisation", ",", "fever", "control", "and", "progressive", "improvement", "in", "blood", "tests", ",", "although", "renal", "deterioration", "and", "oedema", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", "persisted", ".", "Given", "the", "history", "of", "lupus", "disease", ",", "a", "complete", "study", "of", "autoimmunity", "and", "renal", "function", "was", "decided", ",", "ruling", "out", "a", "new", "outbreak", "of", "the", "disease", ".", "Hydration", "and", "adequate", "volemia", "were", "boosted", "until", "renal", "function", "was", "controlled", ",", "which", "returned", "to", "normal", "on", "discharge", ".", "Based", "on", "the", "antibiogram", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "sequence", "oral", "treatment", "with", "trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole", ",", "the", "duration", "of", "which", "was", "guided", "by", "the", "clinical", ",", "analytical", "and", "radiological", "response", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "reviewed", "in", "the", "outpatient", "clinic", "one", "month", "after", "discharge", "from", "hospital", ",", "and", "a", "control", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "confirming", "a", "decrease", "in", "the", "size", "of", "the", "abscesses", ",", "which", "finally", "disappeared", "completely", "in", "a", "new", "control", "ultrasound", "scan", "two", "weeks", "later", ".", "Clinically", ",", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "present", "any", "further", "symptoms", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Bacteraemia", "and", "liver", "abscesses", "due", "to", "Listeria", "monocytogenes", "in", "an", "immunosuppressed", "patient", "." ]
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en
A 17-year-old man from Romania with no previous history or usual treatment who had been living in Spain for 1 year with his family, who were healthy. He did not report any toxic habits. He consulted the emergency department for a 7-day history of continuous frontal headache radiating to the occipital region, which in the last 48 hours had been accompanied by a fever of up to 39°C and several episodes of vomiting in shotgun fashion. In the rest of the anamnesis, the patient presented no other clinical manifestations by organs and apparatus. He was being treated with amoxicillin and ibuprofen prescribed by his primary care physician, with little response. On physical examination he was in good general condition, although febrile at 38.8o, haemodynamically and ventilatorily stable, with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 and no neurological focality except for moderate nuchal rigidity. The haemogram showed a leukocytosis of 15,600 per mm3 with 86% neutrophils and a C-reactive protein of 26.5 mg/dl; the rest of the haemogram, biochemistry and coagulation were normal. The chest X-ray did not show any condensation, hilar adenopathies or signs of pleural effusion. A lumbar puncture was performed, after fundus examination, which ruled out the presence of papillitis, and a clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with slightly increased outflow pressure was obtained. The CSF Gram stain was negative with biochemistry showing 21 leukocytes (83% lymphocytes), glycosuria of 54 mg/dl, proteinuria of 90 mg/dl and an adenosine deaminase of 15 U/l. The patient was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit with a syndromic diagnosis of lymphocytic meningitis of possible tuberculous aetiology with antibiotic coverage (ceftriaxone and vancomycin) and acyclovir while awaiting the results of the aetiological study (DNA hybridisation by polymerase chain reaction-PCR- and CSF cultures, serology and blood cultures). Differential diagnosis With the syndromic diagnosis of lymphocytic meningitis, the differential diagnosis was considered as follows: Bacterial meningitis: - Partially treated meningitis. - Listeria monocytogenes meningitis. - Meningitis due to spirochetes (Treponema spp. Borrelia spp.). - Bacterial infective endocarditis. - Suppurative pictures due to parameningeal foci. - Meningitis due to intracellular microorganisms (Rickettsia spp., Coxiella burnetti). Viral meningitis: - Enterovirus meningitis. - Herpesvirus meningitis. - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) meningitis. - adenovirus meningitis - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus meningitis. - influenzavirus meningitis - mumps meningitis - arbovirus meningitis tuberculous meningitis fungal meningitis non-infectious meningitis - Neoplastic meningitis. - Neurosarcoidosis. - Chemical meningitis (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cotrimoxazole...). Evolution CSF PCR for enterovirus, herpesvirus, mumps, Toscana virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were negative, as well as CSF reagin test, serology for HIV, Borrelia, Treponema pallidum, Rickettsia spp and Coxiella burnetti. Clinically, the patient was still febrile after 72 hours, and the headache and vomiting had worsened, so an urgent cranial computed tomography (CT) scan was requested. The CT scan showed a bifrontal fluid collection extending over almost the entire surface of both lobes with moderate mass effect and signs of cerebritis, with pathological uptake of the dura mater. Cranial CT scan (axial section and sagittal reconstruction): hypodense collection corresponding to epidural empyema with contrast uptake of the dura mater was observed. In addition, there was lysis of the posterior wall of the left frontal sinus, which was confirmed by three-dimensional bone reconstruction as the probable parameningeal origin of the collection. Cranial CT scan (axial section in bone window and three-dimensional bone reconstruction): a solution of continuity of the posterior wall of the left frontal sinus was observed. With the radiological diagnosis of epidural empyema, the neurosurgery department was contacted and decided to intervene urgently on the patient after a cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to complete the study. This confirmed epidural involvement as well as a subdural and parietal component of the empyema measuring up to 16 mm. Cranial MRI scan (sagittal T1 and axial T2 before craniotomy): a subdural component of the empyema and parietal involvement of the empyema were observed. Together with pansinusitis of both maxillary, frontal and left ethmoid sinuses. In the water diffusion sequence there was water restriction, which strongly supported the purulent origin of the collection. A bifrontal craniotomy and a right parietal trephine were performed with evacuation of the purulent contents and cranialisation of the frontal sinus together with a galea flap to seal the fistula. Intraoperative findings were an epidural plastron with a thickened and yellowish dura mater. Concurrent blood cultures and CSF cultures, including long incubation cultures for mycobacteria and fungi, were negative, but the intraoperative sample was negative for Streptococcus constellatus and Prevotella oris, the latter resistant to penicillin G. Intravenous antibiotic coverage consisting of cefotaxime 2 grams every 4 hours and metronidazole 500 milligrams every 6 hours was chosen and continued for 6 weeks. The patient's evolution was very favourable, remaining afebrile at all times and presenting no neurological symptoms of any kind, although in the control MRI a certain 5 mm component of the empyema persisted (T1 sagittal and T2 axial MRI of the skull after the craniotomy, showing practically complete evacuation of the empyema with a small residual component of about 5 mm) which it was decided not to evacuate, nor the rest of the paranasal sinuses. Subsequent examinations confirmed the complete resolution of the empyema and pansinusitis, and the patient was asymptomatic with no recurrence of the process at the present time. Final diagnosis The final diagnosis was polymicrobial epidural and subdural empyema secondary to sinusitis with fistula of the posterior wall of the left frontal sinus.
[ "A", "17-year-old", "man", "from", "Romania", "with", "no", "previous", "history", "or", "usual", "treatment", "who", "had", "been", "living", "in", "Spain", "for", "1", "year", "with", "his", "family", ",", "who", "were", "healthy", ".", "He", "did", "not", "report", "any", "toxic", "habits", ".", "He", "consulted", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "a", "7-day", "history", "of", "continuous", "frontal", "headache", "radiating", "to", "the", "occipital", "region", ",", "which", "in", "the", "last", "48", "hours", "had", "been", "accompanied", "by", "a", "fever", "of", "up", "to", "39", "°", "C", "and", "several", "episodes", "of", "vomiting", "in", "shotgun", "fashion", ".", "In", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "anamnesis", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "no", "other", "clinical", "manifestations", "by", "organs", "and", "apparatus", ".", "He", "was", "being", "treated", "with", "amoxicillin", "and", "ibuprofen", "prescribed", "by", "his", "primary", "care", "physician", ",", "with", "little", "response", ".", "On", "physical", "examination", "he", "was", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "although", "febrile", "at", "38", ".", "8o", ",", "haemodynamically", "and", "ventilatorily", "stable", ",", "with", "a", "Glasgow", "Coma", "Scale", "score", "of", "15", "and", "no", "neurological", "focality", "except", "for", "moderate", "nuchal", "rigidity", ".", "The", "haemogram", "showed", "a", "leukocytosis", "of", "15", ",", "600", "per", "mm3", "with", "86", "%", "neutrophils", "and", "a", "C-reactive", "protein", "of", "26", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "dl", ";", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "haemogram", ",", "biochemistry", "and", "coagulation", "were", "normal", ".", "The", "chest", "X-ray", "did", "not", "show", "any", "condensation", ",", "hilar", "adenopathies", "or", "signs", "of", "pleural", "effusion", ".", "A", "lumbar", "puncture", "was", "performed", ",", "after", "fundus", "examination", ",", "which", "ruled", "out", "the", "presence", "of", "papillitis", ",", "and", "a", "clear", "cerebrospinal", "fluid", "(", "CSF", ")", "with", "slightly", "increased", "outflow", "pressure", "was", "obtained", ".", "The", "CSF", "Gram", "stain", "was", "negative", "with", "biochemistry", "showing", "21", "leukocytes", "(", "83", "%", "lymphocytes", ")", ",", "glycosuria", "of", "54", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "proteinuria", "of", "90", "mg", "/", "dl", "and", "an", "adenosine", "deaminase", "of", "15", "U", "/", "l", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Unit", "with", "a", "syndromic", "diagnosis", "of", "lymphocytic", "meningitis", "of", "possible", "tuberculous", "aetiology", "with", "antibiotic", "coverage", "(", "ceftriaxone", "and", "vancomycin", ")", "and", "acyclovir", "while", "awaiting", "the", "results", "of", "the", "aetiological", "study", "(", "DNA", "hybridisation", "by", "polymerase", "chain", "reaction-PCR", "-", "and", "CSF", "cultures", ",", "serology", "and", "blood", "cultures", ")", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "With", "the", "syndromic", "diagnosis", "of", "lymphocytic", "meningitis", ",", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "was", "considered", "as", "follows", ":", "Bacterial", "meningitis", ":", "-", "Partially", "treated", "meningitis", ".", "-", "Listeria", "monocytogenes", "meningitis", ".", "-", "Meningitis", "due", "to", "spirochetes", "(", "Treponema", "spp", ".", "Borrelia", "spp", ".", ")", ".", "-", "Bacterial", "infective", "endocarditis", ".", "-", "Suppurative", "pictures", "due", "to", "parameningeal", "foci", ".", "-", "Meningitis", "due", "to", "intracellular", "microorganisms", "(", "Rickettsia", "spp", ".", ",", "Coxiella", "burnetti", ")", ".", "Viral", "meningitis", ":", "-", "Enterovirus", "meningitis", ".", "-", "Herpesvirus", "meningitis", ".", "-", "Human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "(", "HIV", ")", "meningitis", ".", "-", "adenovirus", "meningitis", "-", "lymphocytic", "choriomeningitis", "virus", "meningitis", ".", "-", "influenzavirus", "meningitis", "-", "mumps", "meningitis", "-", "arbovirus", "meningitis", "tuberculous", "meningitis", "fungal", "meningitis", "non-infectious", "meningitis", "-", "Neoplastic", "meningitis", ".", "-", "Neurosarcoidosis", ".", "-", "Chemical", "meningitis", "(", "non-steroidal", "anti-inflammatory", "drugs", ",", "cotrimoxazole", ".", ".", ".", ")", ".", "Evolution", "CSF", "PCR", "for", "enterovirus", ",", "herpesvirus", ",", "mumps", ",", "Toscana", "virus", "and", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "were", "negative", ",", "as", "well", "as", "CSF", "reagin", "test", ",", "serology", "for", "HIV", ",", "Borrelia", ",", "Treponema", "pallidum", ",", "Rickettsia", "spp", "and", "Coxiella", "burnetti", ".", "Clinically", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "still", "febrile", "after", "72", "hours", ",", "and", "the", "headache", "and", "vomiting", "had", "worsened", ",", "so", "an", "urgent", "cranial", "computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", "was", "requested", ".", "The", "CT", "scan", "showed", "a", "bifrontal", "fluid", "collection", "extending", "over", "almost", "the", "entire", "surface", "of", "both", "lobes", "with", "moderate", "mass", "effect", "and", "signs", "of", "cerebritis", ",", "with", "pathological", "uptake", "of", "the", "dura", "mater", ".", "Cranial", "CT", "scan", "(", "axial", "section", "and", "sagittal", "reconstruction", ")", ":", "hypodense", "collection", "corresponding", "to", "epidural", "empyema", "with", "contrast", "uptake", "of", "the", "dura", "mater", "was", "observed", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "there", "was", "lysis", "of", "the", "posterior", "wall", "of", "the", "left", "frontal", "sinus", ",", "which", "was", "confirmed", "by", "three-dimensional", "bone", "reconstruction", "as", "the", "probable", "parameningeal", "origin", "of", "the", "collection", ".", "Cranial", "CT", "scan", "(", "axial", "section", "in", "bone", "window", "and", "three-dimensional", "bone", "reconstruction", ")", ":", "a", "solution", "of", "continuity", "of", "the", "posterior", "wall", "of", "the", "left", "frontal", "sinus", "was", "observed", ".", "With", "the", "radiological", "diagnosis", "of", "epidural", "empyema", ",", "the", "neurosurgery", "department", "was", "contacted", "and", "decided", "to", "intervene", "urgently", "on", "the", "patient", "after", "a", "cranial", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", "scan", "to", "complete", "the", "study", ".", "This", "confirmed", "epidural", "involvement", "as", "well", "as", "a", "subdural", "and", "parietal", "component", "of", "the", "empyema", "measuring", "up", "to", "16", "mm", ".", "Cranial", "MRI", "scan", "(", "sagittal", "T1", "and", "axial", "T2", "before", "craniotomy", ")", ":", "a", "subdural", "component", "of", "the", "empyema", "and", "parietal", "involvement", "of", "the", "empyema", "were", "observed", ".", "Together", "with", "pansinusitis", "of", "both", "maxillary", ",", "frontal", "and", "left", "ethmoid", "sinuses", ".", "In", "the", "water", "diffusion", "sequence", "there", "was", "water", "restriction", ",", "which", "strongly", "supported", "the", "purulent", "origin", "of", "the", "collection", ".", "A", "bifrontal", "craniotomy", "and", "a", "right", "parietal", "trephine", "were", "performed", "with", "evacuation", "of", "the", "purulent", "contents", "and", "cranialisation", "of", "the", "frontal", "sinus", "together", "with", "a", "galea", "flap", "to", "seal", "the", "fistula", ".", "Intraoperative", "findings", "were", "an", "epidural", "plastron", "with", "a", "thickened", "and", "yellowish", "dura", "mater", ".", "Concurrent", "blood", "cultures", "and", "CSF", "cultures", ",", "including", "long", "incubation", "cultures", "for", "mycobacteria", "and", "fungi", ",", "were", "negative", ",", "but", "the", "intraoperative", "sample", "was", "negative", "for", "Streptococcus", "constellatus", "and", "Prevotella", "oris", ",", "the", "latter", "resistant", "to", "penicillin", "G", ".", "Intravenous", "antibiotic", "coverage", "consisting", "of", "cefotaxime", "2", "grams", "every", "4", "hours", "and", "metronidazole", "500", "milligrams", "every", "6", "hours", "was", "chosen", "and", "continued", "for", "6", "weeks", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "evolution", "was", "very", "favourable", ",", "remaining", "afebrile", "at", "all", "times", "and", "presenting", "no", "neurological", "symptoms", "of", "any", "kind", ",", "although", "in", "the", "control", "MRI", "a", "certain", "5", "mm", "component", "of", "the", "empyema", "persisted", "(", "T1", "sagittal", "and", "T2", "axial", "MRI", "of", "the", "skull", "after", "the", "craniotomy", ",", "showing", "practically", "complete", "evacuation", "of", "the", "empyema", "with", "a", "small", "residual", "component", "of", "about", "5", "mm", ")", "which", "it", "was", "decided", "not", "to", "evacuate", ",", "nor", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "paranasal", "sinuses", ".", "Subsequent", "examinations", "confirmed", "the", "complete", "resolution", "of", "the", "empyema", "and", "pansinusitis", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "asymptomatic", "with", "no", "recurrence", "of", "the", "process", "at", "the", "present", "time", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "The", "final", "diagnosis", "was", "polymicrobial", "epidural", "and", "subdural", "empyema", "secondary", "to", "sinusitis", "with", "fistula", "of", "the", "posterior", "wall", "of", "the", "left", "frontal", "sinus", "." ]
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en
A 35-year-old man, painter by profession, active smoker of a pack of cigarettes a day, occasional cannabis user and regular cocaine user. He was brought by his relatives to the Accident and Emergency Department for confusional symptoms of three weeks' evolution consisting of difficulty in naming objects and incoherent language, bradypsychia, temporospatial disorientation and frequent forgetfulness in carrying out daily activities. The only history of interest was a positive HIV serology recently performed at his health centre, pending confirmatory Western blotting. He also reported intense asthenia with unquantified weight loss in the last four months, as well as a non-productive morning cough related to smoking, with no other symptoms by organs or apparatus. On physical examination he was afebrile, with blood pressure of 91/61 mmHg, heart rate of 82 beats per minute, eupneic with oxygen saturation of 100% without supplementation. Neurologically he was conscious but bradypsychic and disoriented in time, with no signs of neurological focality or signs of meningismus. Auscultation showed generalised hypophonesis. No other relevant anomalies were observed. Urgent laboratory tests revealed lymphopenia of 830 lymphocytes/μl with normal red and platelet series. C-reactive protein (CRP) showed a value of 6.7 mg/l. Cranial CT scan showed hypodensities in the cerebral white matter in both hemispheres, without mass effect, suggestive of leukoencephalopathy of uncertain origin. CSF analysis showed only hyperproteinuria of 59 mg/dl and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus were negative. Chest X-ray showed rounded, thin-walled calcified images, the largest of which had a hydro-aerial level inside. The analytical results previously performed by his doctor were compiled, in which only the aforementioned relative lymphopenia stood out, with thyrotropin, cortisol, tumour markers and serology for hepatitis B and C virus and syphilis negative, and with the aforementioned positive serology for HIV. In view of these findings, admission to the Infectious Diseases ward was decided to complete the study, initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART) with elvitegravir (EVG) 150 mg, cobicistat 150 mg, emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) 10 mg co-formulated. HIV viral load (VL) determinations in plasma and CSF were requested, with results of 496,000 and 260,000 copies/ml respectively, as well as lymphocyte subpopulations, showing 154 CD4/μl and 840 CD8/μl lymphocytes. HLA-B*5701 was positive and no mutations were found in the antiretroviral resistance study. Serological testing for Echinococcus granulosus, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii was extended, with positive IgG for CMV only. Brain MRI showed bilateral frontal white matter involvement, of the corona radiata with extension towards the knee and posterior arm of the right internal capsule, of a patchy nature, with a certain degree of lesional confluence. These lesions appeared hyperintense in the T2 and diffusion sequences, with diffusion restriction being evident in some of them. After intravenous contrast administration, no areas of enhancement were seen. The EEG recorded a normal baseline tracing interrupted by rhythmic bursts of bifrontal delta activity. As for the study of the pulmonary lesions, a thoracic CT scan was requested, which showed multiple cysts of different sizes, with a hydro-aerial level and dense content, without contrast uptake. The culture and serial sputum smears, as well as the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for tuberculosis, were negative. Differential diagnosis When faced with a patient with HIV infection and neurocognitive alterations, we must consider a broad differential diagnosis, both with aetiologies common to seronegative patients and with others more specific to HIV-infected patients. The following entities should be highlighted: - Neurological diseases. Given the age of the patient, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease or adult normotensive hydrocephalus could be considered. - Pseudodementia secondary to depression. - Metabolic encephalopathies secondary to ionic disturbances and intoxication, which in our case were reasonably ruled out. - Focal or diffuse encephalopathies. In patients with advanced HIV infection, we can distinguish between these two types of encephalopathies. Among the former, given that the CSF had normal outflow pressure and showed only hyperproteinorrachia with negative microbiological study, most infectious aetiologies were ruled out. In addition, serology for Toxoplasma spp. was negative, and neuroimaging tests did not reveal focal lesions with peripheral ring uptake typical of toxoplasmosis or lymphoma, nor of tuberculomas or cryptococcomas. However, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) would fit with the clinical picture and radiological images. As diffuse HIV-associated encephalopathy we would have HIV-associated dementia. With regard to cystic lung lesions, the first question to ask is whether we are dealing with true cysts or other simulating entities, such as cavities, centrolobular emphysema or cystic bronchiectasis, for which a thoracic CT scan is necessary4. True cysts are defined as rounded areas of air contents separated from the lung parenchyma by a thin wall less than 2 mm thick. Depending on the location, they are classified as subpleural or intraparenchymal, as in the case of our patient. These, in turn, are subdivided into subgroups according to other thoracic CT findings: - With ground-glass imaging. This pattern is typical of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia or desquamative interstitial pneumonia. - Nodules. They appear in lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, amyloidosis or Langerhans cell histiocytosis, among other entities. - No additional findings. Initially, one might think of echinococcosis, although serology was negative; and tuberculosis, although serial smears and the IGRA test were negative. Evolution The patient had a slow but progressive cognitive recovery, with a control CSF HIV CV of 147,000 copies/ml at 4 weeks after initiation of ART. CSF PCR for JC virus was negative. However, initially, no major changes were observed in the control neuroimaging, pending further cranial MRI. As for the pulmonary lesions, fibrobronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, obtaining positive polymerase chain reaction for P. jirovecii, so treatment was prescribed with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMPSMX) 800/160 mg at the usual weight-adjusted doses, initially intravenously for 15 days and then orally. Subsequent outpatient examinations showed marked improvement of the lung cysts with complete disappearance of the cysts after treatment. Final diagnosis HIV-associated dementia and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.
[ "A", "35-year-old", "man", ",", "painter", "by", "profession", ",", "active", "smoker", "of", "a", "pack", "of", "cigarettes", "a", "day", ",", "occasional", "cannabis", "user", "and", "regular", "cocaine", "user", ".", "He", "was", "brought", "by", "his", "relatives", "to", "the", "Accident", "and", "Emergency", "Department", "for", "confusional", "symptoms", "of", "three", "weeks", "'", "evolution", "consisting", "of", "difficulty", "in", "naming", "objects", "and", "incoherent", "language", ",", "bradypsychia", ",", "temporospatial", "disorientation", "and", "frequent", "forgetfulness", "in", "carrying", "out", "daily", "activities", ".", "The", "only", "history", "of", "interest", "was", "a", "positive", "HIV", "serology", "recently", "performed", "at", "his", "health", "centre", ",", "pending", "confirmatory", "Western", "blotting", ".", "He", "also", "reported", "intense", "asthenia", "with", "unquantified", "weight", "loss", "in", "the", "last", "four", "months", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "non-productive", "morning", "cough", "related", "to", "smoking", ",", "with", "no", "other", "symptoms", "by", "organs", "or", "apparatus", ".", "On", "physical", "examination", "he", "was", "afebrile", ",", "with", "blood", "pressure", "of", "91", "/", "61", "mmHg", ",", "heart", "rate", "of", "82", "beats", "per", "minute", ",", "eupneic", "with", "oxygen", "saturation", "of", "100", "%", "without", "supplementation", ".", "Neurologically", "he", "was", "conscious", "but", "bradypsychic", "and", "disoriented", "in", "time", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "neurological", "focality", "or", "signs", "of", "meningismus", ".", "Auscultation", "showed", "generalised", "hypophonesis", ".", "No", "other", "relevant", "anomalies", "were", "observed", ".", "Urgent", "laboratory", "tests", "revealed", "lymphopenia", "of", "830", "lymphocytes", "/", "μl", "with", "normal", "red", "and", "platelet", "series", ".", "C-reactive", "protein", "(", "CRP", ")", "showed", "a", "value", "of", "6", ".", "7", "mg", "/", "l", ".", "Cranial", "CT", "scan", "showed", "hypodensities", "in", "the", "cerebral", "white", "matter", "in", "both", "hemispheres", ",", "without", "mass", "effect", ",", "suggestive", "of", "leukoencephalopathy", "of", "uncertain", "origin", ".", "CSF", "analysis", "showed", "only", "hyperproteinuria", "of", "59", "mg", "/", "dl", "and", "polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "(", "PCR", ")", "for", "herpes", "simplex", "virus", "types", "1", "and", "2", "and", "varicella-zoster", "virus", "were", "negative", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "rounded", ",", "thin-walled", "calcified", "images", ",", "the", "largest", "of", "which", "had", "a", "hydro-aerial", "level", "inside", ".", "The", "analytical", "results", "previously", "performed", "by", "his", "doctor", "were", "compiled", ",", "in", "which", "only", "the", "aforementioned", "relative", "lymphopenia", "stood", "out", ",", "with", "thyrotropin", ",", "cortisol", ",", "tumour", "markers", "and", "serology", "for", "hepatitis", "B", "and", "C", "virus", "and", "syphilis", "negative", ",", "and", "with", "the", "aforementioned", "positive", "serology", "for", "HIV", ".", "In", "view", "of", "these", "findings", ",", "admission", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "ward", "was", "decided", "to", "complete", "the", "study", ",", "initiating", "antiretroviral", "treatment", "(", "ART", ")", "with", "elvitegravir", "(", "EVG", ")", "150", "mg", ",", "cobicistat", "150", "mg", ",", "emtricitabine", "(", "FTC", ")", "200", "mg", "and", "tenofovir", "alafenamide", "(", "TAF", ")", "10", "mg", "co-formulated", ".", "HIV", "viral", "load", "(", "VL", ")", "determinations", "in", "plasma", "and", "CSF", "were", "requested", ",", "with", "results", "of", "496", ",", "000", "and", "260", ",", "000", "copies", "/", "ml", "respectively", ",", "as", "well", "as", "lymphocyte", "subpopulations", ",", "showing", "154", "CD4", "/", "μl", "and", "840", "CD8", "/", "μl", "lymphocytes", ".", "HLA-B", "*", "5701", "was", "positive", "and", "no", "mutations", "were", "found", "in", "the", "antiretroviral", "resistance", "study", ".", "Serological", "testing", "for", "Echinococcus", "granulosus", ",", "cytomegalovirus", "(", "CMV", ")", "and", "Toxoplasma", "gondii", "was", "extended", ",", "with", "positive", "IgG", "for", "CMV", "only", ".", "Brain", "MRI", "showed", "bilateral", "frontal", "white", "matter", "involvement", ",", "of", "the", "corona", "radiata", "with", "extension", "towards", "the", "knee", "and", "posterior", "arm", "of", "the", "right", "internal", "capsule", ",", "of", "a", "patchy", "nature", ",", "with", "a", "certain", "degree", "of", "lesional", "confluence", ".", "These", "lesions", "appeared", "hyperintense", "in", "the", "T2", "and", "diffusion", "sequences", ",", "with", "diffusion", "restriction", "being", "evident", "in", "some", "of", "them", ".", "After", "intravenous", "contrast", "administration", ",", "no", "areas", "of", "enhancement", "were", "seen", ".", "The", "EEG", "recorded", "a", "normal", "baseline", "tracing", "interrupted", "by", "rhythmic", "bursts", "of", "bifrontal", "delta", "activity", ".", "As", "for", "the", "study", "of", "the", "pulmonary", "lesions", ",", "a", "thoracic", "CT", "scan", "was", "requested", ",", "which", "showed", "multiple", "cysts", "of", "different", "sizes", ",", "with", "a", "hydro-aerial", "level", "and", "dense", "content", ",", "without", "contrast", "uptake", ".", "The", "culture", "and", "serial", "sputum", "smears", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "interferon", "gamma", "release", "assay", "(", "IGRA", ")", "for", "tuberculosis", ",", "were", "negative", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "When", "faced", "with", "a", "patient", "with", "HIV", "infection", "and", "neurocognitive", "alterations", ",", "we", "must", "consider", "a", "broad", "differential", "diagnosis", ",", "both", "with", "aetiologies", "common", "to", "seronegative", "patients", "and", "with", "others", "more", "specific", "to", "HIV-infected", "patients", ".", "The", "following", "entities", "should", "be", "highlighted", ":", "-", "Neurological", "diseases", ".", "Given", "the", "age", "of", "the", "patient", ",", "Creutzfeldt-Jakob", "disease", "or", "adult", "normotensive", "hydrocephalus", "could", "be", "considered", ".", "-", "Pseudodementia", "secondary", "to", "depression", ".", "-", "Metabolic", "encephalopathies", "secondary", "to", "ionic", "disturbances", "and", "intoxication", ",", "which", "in", "our", "case", "were", "reasonably", "ruled", "out", ".", "-", "Focal", "or", "diffuse", "encephalopathies", ".", "In", "patients", "with", "advanced", "HIV", "infection", ",", "we", "can", "distinguish", "between", "these", "two", "types", "of", "encephalopathies", ".", "Among", "the", "former", ",", "given", "that", "the", "CSF", "had", "normal", "outflow", "pressure", "and", "showed", "only", "hyperproteinorrachia", "with", "negative", "microbiological", "study", ",", "most", "infectious", "aetiologies", "were", "ruled", "out", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "serology", "for", "Toxoplasma", "spp", ".", "was", "negative", ",", "and", "neuroimaging", "tests", "did", "not", "reveal", "focal", "lesions", "with", "peripheral", "ring", "uptake", "typical", "of", "toxoplasmosis", "or", "lymphoma", ",", "nor", "of", "tuberculomas", "or", "cryptococcomas", ".", "However", ",", "progressive", "multifocal", "leukoencephalopathy", "(", "PML", ")", "would", "fit", "with", "the", "clinical", "picture", "and", "radiological", "images", ".", "As", "diffuse", "HIV-associated", "encephalopathy", "we", "would", "have", "HIV-associated", "dementia", ".", "With", "regard", "to", "cystic", "lung", "lesions", ",", "the", "first", "question", "to", "ask", "is", "whether", "we", "are", "dealing", "with", "true", "cysts", "or", "other", "simulating", "entities", ",", "such", "as", "cavities", ",", "centrolobular", "emphysema", "or", "cystic", "bronchiectasis", ",", "for", "which", "a", "thoracic", "CT", "scan", "is", "necessary4", ".", "True", "cysts", "are", "defined", "as", "rounded", "areas", "of", "air", "contents", "separated", "from", "the", "lung", "parenchyma", "by", "a", "thin", "wall", "less", "than", "2", "mm", "thick", ".", "Depending", "on", "the", "location", ",", "they", "are", "classified", "as", "subpleural", "or", "intraparenchymal", ",", "as", "in", "the", "case", "of", "our", "patient", ".", "These", ",", "in", "turn", ",", "are", "subdivided", "into", "subgroups", "according", "to", "other", "thoracic", "CT", "findings", ":", "-", "With", "ground-glass", "imaging", ".", "This", "pattern", "is", "typical", "of", "Pneumocystis", "jirovecii", "pneumonia", "or", "desquamative", "interstitial", "pneumonia", ".", "-", "Nodules", ".", "They", "appear", "in", "lymphoid", "interstitial", "pneumonia", ",", "amyloidosis", "or", "Langerhans", "cell", "histiocytosis", ",", "among", "other", "entities", ".", "-", "No", "additional", "findings", ".", "Initially", ",", "one", "might", "think", "of", "echinococcosis", ",", "although", "serology", "was", "negative", ";", "and", "tuberculosis", ",", "although", "serial", "smears", "and", "the", "IGRA", "test", "were", "negative", ".", "Evolution", "The", "patient", "had", "a", "slow", "but", "progressive", "cognitive", "recovery", ",", "with", "a", "control", "CSF", "HIV", "CV", "of", "147", ",", "000", "copies", "/", "ml", "at", "4", "weeks", "after", "initiation", "of", "ART", ".", "CSF", "PCR", "for", "JC", "virus", "was", "negative", ".", "However", ",", "initially", ",", "no", "major", "changes", "were", "observed", "in", "the", "control", "neuroimaging", ",", "pending", "further", "cranial", "MRI", ".", "As", "for", "the", "pulmonary", "lesions", ",", "fibrobronchoscopy", "with", "bronchoalveolar", "lavage", "(", "BAL", ")", "was", "performed", ",", "obtaining", "positive", "polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "for", "P", ".", "jirovecii", ",", "so", "treatment", "was", "prescribed", "with", "trimethoprim", "/", "sulfamethoxazole", "(", "TMPSMX", ")", "800", "/", "160", "mg", "at", "the", "usual", "weight-adjusted", "doses", ",", "initially", "intravenously", "for", "15", "days", "and", "then", "orally", ".", "Subsequent", "outpatient", "examinations", "showed", "marked", "improvement", "of", "the", "lung", "cysts", "with", "complete", "disappearance", "of", "the", "cysts", "after", "treatment", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "HIV-associated", "dementia", "and", "Pneumocystis", "jirovecii", "pneumonia", "." ]
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en
This is a 64-year-old woman who came to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital complaining of erythematous lesions on both hands and swelling, pain and functional impotence of the right wrist joint. She had a biological aortic valve prosthesis, implanted fifteen months before the current consultation. Examination of the patient revealed that she was febrile (38oC) and Osler nodules were observed on the hands and feet, as well as nail haemorrhages. Blood tests showed leukocytosis (12.8 x 106/L). Blood cultures were taken and a chest ultrasound showed a large vegetation on the prosthetic valve annulus. She was diagnosed with prosthetic valve endocarditis and treatment was started with vancomycin, gentamicin and rifampicin at appropriate doses. After two days of evolution, the patient showed decreased level of consciousness and right hemiparesis. A normal head CT scan and lumbar puncture were performed. CSF biochemistry showed no alterations and a sample was sent to the Microbiology Department. It was decided to perform surgery for a new valve replacement, but the patient died eight hours later due to cardiorespiratory arrest, before she could be operated on. No autopsy was performed. Blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluid were negative after seven days of incubation. Blind passages of blood cultures were given and all culture media sown showed whitish cream coloured colonies with a membranous appearance after three days of incubation. Microscopic examination revealed yeasts, short filaments and arthroconidia. The micro-organism grew in the subculture after 72 h of incubation on standard culture media. The vast majority of yeasts that cause infections in humans can have these characteristics. However, Candida species usually grow within 24 h on standard media, so the yeast may be thought to belong to a slow-growing species (Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, Rhodotorula, Geotrichum, Galactomyces). The macroscopic appearance of the colonies (cream-coloured and membranous appearance) helps to rule out pigmented yeasts such as Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces, which are red and orange, respectively. However, the most significant data is the microscopic morphology (yeast-like organisms, with hyphae and arthroconidia). The presence of hyphae helps to rule out a genus such as Cryptococcus which does not usually produce filaments. The presence of arthroconidia helps to make a presumptive identification. Arthroconidia are a type of asexual reproduction, consisting of the generation of conidia by simple fragmentation of the hyphae in the area where the septa are located. It is typical of several species belonging to the genera Trichosporon, Galactomyces and Geotrichum. Within the arthroconidial group, three species cause the vast majority of infections in humans: Galactomyces geotrichum (Geotrichum candidum), Dipodascus capitatus (Geotrichumcapitatum) and Trichosporon beigelii. The latter can be considered as a genospecies and in recent taxonomic classifications has been divided into multiple species, of which at least 6 are pathogenic to humans (T. asahii, T. cutaneum, T. inkin, T. mucoides, T. ovoides and T. asteroides). Of these, T. asahii is the most important from a pathogenic point of view, as it is the one that causes almost all cases of deep Trichosporon infections. To distinguish between the three arthroconidial species requires morphological study, biochemical tests and complementary techniques. Macroscopic morphology does not help to differentiate between the three species, as the colonies of all species are white or cream coloured and membranous in appearance. Microscopic morphology is somewhat more specific, although not definitive, as sometimes only hyphae and arthroconidia are observed. The microscopic morphology of D. capitatus is characterised by narrow hyphae branching at acute angles, with anelloconidia and endospores. G. geotrichum usually has thicker hyphae branching at right angles. T. beigelii has variable morphology as it is a genospecies. Generally speaking, it usually has fine disarticulate hyphae, with abundant formacubic and sometimes appressoria (narrow filamentous structures, attached to the hyphae and branching very irregularly) and giant spindle cells. Both biochemical tests and complementary techniques are used as confirmatory methods of identification. Trichosporon species are easily distinguished from Galactomyces and Dipodascus as they assimilate a large number of carbohydrates and produce urea hydrolysis. G. geotrichum and D. capitatus assimilate fewer carbohydrates (glucose, galactose and some others depending on the strain) and do not hydrolyse urea. These two species can be distinguished because Galactomyces does not usually grow well at 37oC and because many strains also assimilate xylose. None of the three species ferment carbohydrates.
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HISTORY, CURRENT DISEASE AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 78-year-old woman. She is hypertensive, diabetic on oral treatment and hyperuricemic. In addition, she had an infiltrating breast carcinoma treated 8 years ago with radical mastectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and is currently free of disease. Hepatitis B cured. Intrathoracic goitre. As cardiological history, she has permanent atrial fibrillation treated with direct-acting anticoagulant and, in the face of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, due to a history of thoracic radiation, percutaneous replacement with Corevalve Evolut 26 transfemoral TAVI implantation was chosen one year ago, with no incidents. On regular treatment with digoxin 0.5 mg (1-0-0), dabigatran 150 mg (1-0-1), valsartan/amlodipine 160/5 mg (1-0-0), furosemide 40 (1-0-0), allopurinol 100 (0-1-0) and metformin 850 (0-1-0). She reported febrile symptoms of one week's evolution, with fever of more than 38 ̊C thermometrically measured, treated with fosfomycin by her general practitioner for suspected urinary tract infection, with little improvement. Twenty-four hours after starting antibiotic treatment, she began with liquid diarrhoea without pathological products and intense periumbilical pain, also associated with the progressive appearance of oedema in the legs and progressive dyspnoea, for which she went to the emergency department. She denied cough or expectoration, as well as chest pain, dizziness or syncope. She also had no neurological focality. She was admitted to the internal medicine department as a possible complicated urinary tract infection for study and treatment. On examination, she had a blood pressure of 95/62 mmHg, a heart rate of 85 bpm, fever of 37.9 ̊C and was eupneic with nasal goggles at 2 l/min (O2 saturation 97%). Jugular venous pressure is increased. On auscultation she is arrhythmic at 80 bpm, with murmur in aortic focus II/VI and normal second sound; she also has hypoventilation in the bases and crackles in the midfields. The abdomen was soft, depressible and painful at the epigastric level, with no evidence of peritoneal irritation or visceromegaly. Lower extremities with oedema with pitting up to the knee, with no evidence of venous thrombosis. Peripheral pulses present and symmetrical. No peripheral stigmata of endocarditis. COMPLEMENTARY TESTS Electrocardiogram: atrial fibrillation at 80 bpm, narrow QRS, normal axis. Repolarisation abnormalities corresponding to a digitalis tray. Chest X-ray: cardiomegaly. TAVI in aortic position. Vascular redistribution and fluid in cystic cracks compatible with heart failure. Widening of the superior mediastinum compatible with known endothoracic goitre. Analysis: Biochemistry: glucose 98 mg/dl, Cr 1 mg/dl, GFR 54 ml/min, urea 59 mg/dl, Na 125 mEq/l, K 5.8 mEq/l, digoxinemia 2.3 ng/dl. Thyroid hormones normal. Liver function tests: GOT 320 IU/l, GPT 270 IU/l, total bilirubin 2.64 mg/dl (direct bilirubin 2.22 mg/dl), albumin 2.14 g/dl, amylase 449 U/l. Iron profile: iron 156 μg/dl, transferrin 120 mg/dl, IST 139%, ferritin 1,755 ng/ml. ProBNP 3,410 pg/ml. Infectious markers: CRP 152 mg/l, PCT 6.9 ng/ml. Haemogram: leucocytes 21,000/μl with 12% of keys, Hb 7.8 g/dl, platelets 91,000/μl. Coagulation: INR 1.88, PT 42%. Blood cultures: two positive series for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, with positive synergism with aminoglycosides. Urine: isolated red blood cells. No leucocyturia or bacteriuria, negative nitrites Faeces: usual flora, no parasites and negative Clostridium difficile toxin. Serology: HIV and HCV negative. Anti HBs and Anti HBc positive. Autoimmunity study: ANA, ANCA, Anti native DNA, ENAS, CH 50 and C4 normal and/or negative. Transthoracic echocardiogram: left ventricle of normal diameter and thickness with normal global and segmental systolic function. Diastolic dysfunction. Slight dilatation of the left atrium. Normofunctioning aortic biological prosthesis with known trivial insufficiency. Mild mitral insufficiency and tricuspid insufficiency, with mild pulmonary hypertension at rest. No images suggestive of endocarditis are detected. Transesophageal echocardiogram: CoreValve TAVI type aortic bioprosthesis with several small mobile images, mainly at the level of the right coronary leaflet equivalent and another small image, with identical characteristics, adhered to the stent at the same level, suggestive of endocarditis. CLINICAL EVOLUTION On admission, antibiotic treatment was started empirically with ceftriaxone with initial suspicion of pyelonephritis, later changing to cloxacillin, rifampicin and gentamicin at a dose of endocarditis due to high clinical suspicion, despite the initial negative transthoracic echocardiogram. The study was later completed with a transesophageal echocardiogram that showed images compatible with endocarditis on TAVI, establishing the diagnosis with positive blood cultures for S. aureus. Treatment with gentamicin was maintained due to microbiological evidence of synergy with cloxacillin, but the patient suffered a rapid deterioration of renal function, with a drop in glomerular filtration rate to 6 ml/min. Rapidly progressive worsening with evidence of septic shock with anuria, decreased level of consciousness and coagulopathy, refractory to initial measures. The case was discussed with cardiology, internal medicine and the infectious diseases department, and in this critical situation, further valve replacement or other aggressive measures were rejected, and the patient died in the context of septic shock secondary to endocarditis on TAVI. DIAGNOSIS Late endocarditis on TAVI aortic bioprosthesis due to Staphylococcus aureus. Acute renal failure in the context of gentamicin. Septic shock with multi-organ failure. Death.
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"139", "%", ",", "ferritin", "1", ",", "755", "ng", "/", "ml", ".", "ProBNP", "3", ",", "410", "pg", "/", "ml", ".", "Infectious", "markers", ":", "CRP", "152", "mg", "/", "l", ",", "PCT", "6", ".", "9", "ng", "/", "ml", ".", "Haemogram", ":", "leucocytes", "21", ",", "000", "/", "μl", "with", "12", "%", "of", "keys", ",", "Hb", "7", ".", "8", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "platelets", "91", ",", "000", "/", "μl", ".", "Coagulation", ":", "INR", "1", ".", "88", ",", "PT", "42", "%", ".", "Blood", "cultures", ":", "two", "positive", "series", "for", "methicillin-sensitive", "Staphylococcus", "aureus", ",", "with", "positive", "synergism", "with", "aminoglycosides", ".", "Urine", ":", "isolated", "red", "blood", "cells", ".", "No", "leucocyturia", "or", "bacteriuria", ",", "negative", "nitrites", "Faeces", ":", "usual", "flora", ",", "no", "parasites", "and", "negative", "Clostridium", "difficile", "toxin", ".", "Serology", ":", "HIV", "and", "HCV", "negative", ".", "Anti", "HBs", "and", "Anti", "HBc", "positive", ".", "Autoimmunity", "study", ":", "ANA", ",", "ANCA", ",", "Anti", "native", "DNA", ",", "ENAS", ",", "CH", "50", "and", "C4", "normal", "and", "/", "or", "negative", ".", "Transthoracic", "echocardiogram", ":", "left", "ventricle", "of", "normal", "diameter", "and", "thickness", "with", "normal", "global", "and", "segmental", "systolic", "function", ".", "Diastolic", "dysfunction", ".", "Slight", "dilatation", "of", "the", "left", "atrium", ".", "Normofunctioning", "aortic", "biological", "prosthesis", "with", "known", "trivial", "insufficiency", ".", "Mild", "mitral", "insufficiency", "and", "tricuspid", "insufficiency", ",", "with", "mild", "pulmonary", "hypertension", "at", "rest", ".", "No", "images", "suggestive", "of", "endocarditis", "are", "detected", ".", "Transesophageal", "echocardiogram", ":", "CoreValve", "TAVI", "type", "aortic", "bioprosthesis", "with", "several", "small", "mobile", "images", ",", "mainly", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "right", "coronary", "leaflet", "equivalent", "and", "another", "small", "image", ",", "with", "identical", "characteristics", ",", "adhered", "to", "the", "stent", "at", "the", "same", "level", ",", "suggestive", "of", "endocarditis", ".", "CLINICAL", "EVOLUTION", "On", "admission", ",", "antibiotic", "treatment", "was", "started", "empirically", "with", "ceftriaxone", "with", "initial", "suspicion", "of", "pyelonephritis", ",", "later", "changing", "to", "cloxacillin", ",", "rifampicin", "and", "gentamicin", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "endocarditis", "due", "to", "high", "clinical", "suspicion", ",", "despite", "the", "initial", "negative", "transthoracic", "echocardiogram", ".", "The", "study", "was", "later", "completed", "with", "a", "transesophageal", "echocardiogram", "that", "showed", "images", "compatible", "with", "endocarditis", "on", "TAVI", ",", "establishing", "the", "diagnosis", "with", "positive", "blood", "cultures", "for", "S", ".", "aureus", ".", "Treatment", "with", "gentamicin", "was", "maintained", "due", "to", "microbiological", "evidence", "of", "synergy", "with", "cloxacillin", ",", "but", "the", "patient", "suffered", "a", "rapid", "deterioration", "of", "renal", "function", ",", "with", "a", "drop", "in", "glomerular", "filtration", "rate", "to", "6", "ml", "/", "min", ".", "Rapidly", "progressive", "worsening", "with", "evidence", "of", "septic", "shock", "with", "anuria", ",", "decreased", "level", "of", "consciousness", "and", "coagulopathy", ",", "refractory", "to", "initial", "measures", ".", "The", "case", "was", "discussed", "with", "cardiology", ",", "internal", "medicine", "and", "the", "infectious", "diseases", "department", ",", "and", "in", "this", "critical", "situation", ",", "further", "valve", "replacement", "or", "other", "aggressive", "measures", "were", "rejected", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "died", "in", "the", "context", "of", "septic", "shock", "secondary", "to", "endocarditis", "on", "TAVI", ".", "DIAGNOSIS", "Late", "endocarditis", "on", "TAVI", "aortic", "bioprosthesis", "due", "to", "Staphylococcus", "aureus", ".", "Acute", "renal", "failure", "in", "the", "context", "of", "gentamicin", ".", "Septic", "shock", "with", "multi-organ", "failure", ".", "Death", "." ]
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 62, "end": 67 }, { "text": "general practitioner", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1000, "end": 1020 }, { "text": "Hb", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3198, "end": 3200 }, { "text": "usual flora", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3485, "end": 3496 } ]
en
An 82-year-old man came to the emergency department with sudden and intense abdominal pain centred in the epigastrium and right hypochondrium. He was afebrile. On observation he presented with a bacteraemia crisis with fever up to 40°C. Ultrasound scan with no findings and CT Abdominal SC with diverticula in the sigma with no signs of diverticulitis. On the hospital ward, an abdominal CT scan was performed with oral and IV contrast in the portal phase, showing thrombosis of the left portal branch with alteration of the perfusion of the LHI and a central area of less attenuation, findings suggestive of pylephlebitis and an area of cholangitis. Antibiotic treatment and ERCP with extraction of biliary mud and sphincterotomy were performed. The patient progressed to complete resolution of the condition.
[ "An", "82-year-old", "man", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "with", "sudden", "and", "intense", "abdominal", "pain", "centred", "in", "the", "epigastrium", "and", "right", "hypochondrium", ".", "He", "was", "afebrile", ".", "On", "observation", "he", "presented", "with", "a", "bacteraemia", "crisis", "with", "fever", "up", "to", "40", "°", "C", ".", "Ultrasound", "scan", "with", "no", "findings", "and", "CT", "Abdominal", "SC", "with", "diverticula", "in", "the", "sigma", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "diverticulitis", ".", "On", "the", "hospital", "ward", ",", "an", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", "with", "oral", "and", "IV", "contrast", "in", "the", "portal", "phase", ",", "showing", "thrombosis", "of", "the", "left", "portal", "branch", "with", "alteration", "of", "the", "perfusion", "of", "the", "LHI", "and", "a", "central", "area", "of", "less", "attenuation", ",", "findings", "suggestive", "of", "pylephlebitis", "and", "an", "area", "of", "cholangitis", ".", "Antibiotic", "treatment", "and", "ERCP", "with", "extraction", "of", "biliary", "mud", "and", "sphincterotomy", "were", "performed", ".", "The", "patient", "progressed", "to", "complete", "resolution", "of", "the", "condition", "." ]
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 751, "end": 758 }, { "text": "bacteraemia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 195, "end": 206 } ]
en
We present the case of a patient with female sex assignment at birth who initially consulted the Paediatric Endocrinology Department of another centre at the age of 12 years, expressing a male gender identity. A study was started and in the following years, primary amenorrhoea (with no response to oestrogens + progestogens), karyotype 46XY and normal response to the stimulation test with 2500 IU of HCG with elevated testosterone, and he was classified as male pseudohermaphroditism (or Morris Syndrome). Subsequently, 1 sister and 2 cousins also diagnosed with male pseudohermaphroditism were identified among the family members. The patient abandoned the follow-up and at the age of 24 returned to gynaecology with the aim of completing the study and reaffirming his male identity by means of sex reassignment surgery. The physical examination at that time corresponded to a female phenotype with Tanner Stage III-IV breasts, vulva and clitoris of normal size, without palpable masses in the groin and vagina of normal length, with absence of uterus and ovaries in transrectal ultrasound. Laboratory tests showed LH 24.5 mIU/ml (slightly elevated), FSH 2.3 mIU/ml, Testosterone 8.8 nmol/L (slightly decreased), Estradiol 12 pg/ml, Progesterone 0.80 ng/ml and Prolactin 149 μUI/ml. A genetic study was performed, detecting a specific mutation of the androgen receptor gene (change of Cytosine for Guanine in exon 2), confirming the diagnosis of Morris Syndrome, and he was subsequently referred to the Transsexual Care Unit due to his desire for sex reassignment surgery, where the study was completed with abdomino-pelvic MRI, visualising bilateral cryptorchidism. The patient is currently awaiting bilateral gonadectomy and is awaiting a decision on the best post-gonadectomy substitution treatment option, given the difficulty involved in having a gender identity that is clearly felt and expressed as male and the intrinsic resistance to androgens that he presents.
[ "We", "present", "the", "case", "of", "a", "patient", "with", "female", "sex", "assignment", "at", "birth", "who", "initially", "consulted", "the", "Paediatric", "Endocrinology", "Department", "of", "another", "centre", "at", "the", "age", "of", "12", "years", ",", "expressing", "a", "male", "gender", "identity", ".", "A", "study", "was", "started", "and", "in", "the", "following", "years", ",", "primary", "amenorrhoea", "(", "with", "no", "response", "to", "oestrogens", "+", "progestogens", ")", ",", "karyotype", "46XY", "and", "normal", "response", "to", "the", "stimulation", "test", "with", "2500", "IU", "of", "HCG", "with", "elevated", "testosterone", ",", "and", "he", "was", "classified", "as", "male", "pseudohermaphroditism", "(", "or", "Morris", "Syndrome", ")", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "1", "sister", "and", "2", "cousins", "also", "diagnosed", "with", "male", "pseudohermaphroditism", "were", "identified", "among", "the", "family", "members", ".", "The", "patient", "abandoned", "the", "follow-up", "and", "at", "the", "age", "of", "24", "returned", "to", "gynaecology", "with", "the", "aim", "of", "completing", "the", "study", "and", "reaffirming", "his", "male", "identity", "by", "means", "of", "sex", "reassignment", "surgery", ".", "The", "physical", "examination", "at", "that", "time", "corresponded", "to", "a", "female", "phenotype", "with", "Tanner", "Stage", "III-IV", "breasts", ",", "vulva", "and", "clitoris", "of", "normal", "size", ",", "without", "palpable", "masses", "in", "the", "groin", "and", "vagina", "of", "normal", "length", ",", "with", "absence", "of", "uterus", "and", "ovaries", "in", "transrectal", "ultrasound", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "LH", "24", ".", "5", "mIU", "/", "ml", "(", "slightly", "elevated", ")", ",", "FSH", "2", ".", "3", "mIU", "/", "ml", ",", "Testosterone", "8", ".", "8", "nmol", "/", "L", "(", "slightly", "decreased", ")", ",", "Estradiol", "12", "pg", "/", "ml", ",", "Progesterone", "0", ".", "80", "ng", "/", "ml", "and", "Prolactin", "149", "μUI", "/", "ml", ".", "A", "genetic", "study", "was", "performed", ",", "detecting", "a", "specific", "mutation", "of", "the", "androgen", "receptor", "gene", "(", "change", "of", "Cytosine", "for", "Guanine", "in", "exon", "2", ")", ",", "confirming", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "Morris", "Syndrome", ",", "and", "he", "was", "subsequently", "referred", "to", "the", "Transsexual", "Care", "Unit", "due", "to", "his", "desire", "for", "sex", "reassignment", "surgery", ",", "where", "the", "study", "was", "completed", "with", "abdomino-pelvic", "MRI", ",", "visualising", "bilateral", "cryptorchidism", ".", "The", "patient", "is", "currently", "awaiting", "bilateral", "gonadectomy", "and", "is", "awaiting", "a", "decision", "on", "the", "best", "post-gonadectomy", "substitution", "treatment", "option", ",", "given", "the", "difficulty", "involved", "in", "having", "a", "gender", "identity", "that", "is", "clearly", "felt", "and", "expressed", "as", "male", "and", "the", "intrinsic", "resistance", "to", "androgens", "that", "he", "presents", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis 31-year-old woman, with no toxic habits (sporadic alcohol consumption), with mild hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. She has 4 dogs, 2 cats and is a florist. Three months earlier she presented a fever (up to 40oC) and vomiting, for which she took antibiotic and antiemetic treatment, which resolved in 3 days. After 2 weeks she presented with a new emetic syndrome and pathological urinary sediment, receiving a new round of antibiotics. She was seen by a gastroenterologist for a new 3-day episode of vomiting of food accompanied by cramps in the upper limbs, without fever. Abdominal ultrasound with no pathological findings. The cramps were attributed to electrolyte disturbance due to vomiting and treatment was prescribed with domperidone and pantoprazole. Four days later, she visited the emergency department for distal tingling and persistent cramps. With no neurological focality on examination, she was discharged and referred for further assessment by the Digestive System specialists. The following morning, the patient began to experience generalised weakness, predominantly on the left and below, dragging of the left foot and difficulty urinating, for which reason she returned to the emergency department. She did not report headache, infectious-fever syndrome or recent vaccinations, thrombotic phenomena, photosensitivity, oral/genital aphthae, arthritis/arthralgias, serositis, visual, cutaneous or behavioural alterations or convulsions. Physical examination Afebrile, haemodynamically stable. Normal level of consciousness, nuchal rigidity without other meningeal signs. Cranial nerves normal. Mild tetraparesis IV/V in the right extremities and III/V in the left extremities, without amyotrophy or fasciculations. Exalted osteotendinous, cutaneous-abdominal reflexes and signs of Hoffman and Babinsky present bilaterally. Hypoaesthesia tactoalgesia in the right upper limb (MSD) and level from D8 predominantly left. Vibratory and arthrokinetic sensibility preserved. Finger-nose inaccuracy with MSD. Negative Romberg and paretic gait with left leg. Rest of neurological and general examination with no pathological findings. Complementary tests - Blood count, basic coagulation, biochemistry, vitamin B12, folate and thyroid hormones: normal. - Infectious blood serologies (HIV, HCV, HBV, Herpesvirus, Mycoplasma, Borrellia, Brucella), PCR for HSV, enterovirus and tuberculosis: negative. - Anti-AQP4: negative. - Serum ACE: normal levels. - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): clear, 17 cm H2O pressure, no blockages. Biochemistry: red blood cells 10/mm3, leukocytes 155/mm3 (neutrophils 15%, lymphocytes 85%), proteins 125 mg/dl, glucose 49 mg/dl, lactic acid 2.3 mmol/l. Serology VDRL, FTA, Mycoplasma, Borrellia, HSV 1 and 2, CMV, EBV and VZV: negative. Culture, Gram stain, agglutinations and India ink: negative or without microorganisms. BOC: negative. - Immunological study: ANA positive, homogeneous pattern 1/160; anti-DNA 181 U/ml; antihistone positive; anti-cardiolipin IgG and anti-beta-2-glycoprotein IgG positive (IgM negative); ANCA, anti-gliadin, anti-phospholipid, Russell: negative. - Electrocardiogram (ECG) and chest X-ray: normal. - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with gadolinium: small right frontal venous angioma. - Spinal MRI. Hypersignal from the pontine junction to D6 in the sagittal MRI T2 sequence, with patchy areas of gadolinium uptake in T1. - Neurophysiological study: somatosensory evoked potentials: delayed medullary conduction from the left posterior tibial nerve; normal visual and brainstem evoked potentials. Diagnosis Longitudinally extensive cervical-dorsal cervical myelitis secondary to undifferentiated autoimmune disease: probable systemic lupus erythematosus. Treatment Given the rapid and significant clinical involvement and the CSF and MRI findings, he was admitted to the ICU for monitoring, with no clinical progression in the following hours. Antibiotic and antiviral treatment was started until an infectious aetiology was ruled out, which was suspended after the CSF results and due to the absence of other signs of infection. The immunological profile suggested an inflammatory-myelinating origin and daily boluses of megadoses of corticosteroids were administered for 5 days. In conjunction with Rheumatology, treatment was continued with prednisone tappering up to maintenance doses. Sensory disturbances were treated with gabapentin and later oxcarbazepine due to lack of efficacy. Evolution The patient improved rapidly after starting treatment. At discharge, she showed no motor impairment and a clear sensory improvement. She continued to be monitored by Neurology and Rheumatology. At 3 months she showed distal dysaesthesias (upper limbs and "belt" at multiple levels) and flexor dystonic episodes in the hands, in the context of remyelination, which have improved with antiepileptic drugs. Currently, spinal MRI shows persistent hypersignal at the bulbomedullary junction, C6 and C7. Brain MRI shows no changes. After 20 months of treatment with prednisone and antiepileptic drugs. There were no new neurological or systemic symptoms, with persistent dysaesthesia in the left upper limb and pectoral area. In addition to the altered immunological parameters, there was a decrease in the complement level, with no other analytical alterations.
[ "Anamnesis", "31-year-old", "woman", ",", "with", "no", "toxic", "habits", "(", "sporadic", "alcohol", "consumption", ")", ",", "with", "mild", "hypertriglyceridaemia", "and", "hypercholesterolaemia", ".", "She", "has", "4", "dogs", ",", "2", "cats", "and", "is", "a", "florist", ".", "Three", "months", "earlier", "she", "presented", "a", "fever", "(", "up", "to", "40oC", ")", "and", "vomiting", ",", "for", "which", "she", "took", "antibiotic", "and", "antiemetic", "treatment", ",", "which", "resolved", "in", "3", "days", ".", "After", "2", "weeks", "she", "presented", "with", "a", "new", "emetic", "syndrome", "and", "pathological", "urinary", "sediment", ",", "receiving", "a", "new", "round", "of", "antibiotics", ".", "She", "was", "seen", "by", "a", "gastroenterologist", "for", "a", "new", "3-day", "episode", "of", "vomiting", "of", "food", "accompanied", "by", "cramps", "in", "the", "upper", "limbs", ",", "without", "fever", ".", "Abdominal", "ultrasound", "with", "no", "pathological", "findings", ".", "The", "cramps", "were", "attributed", "to", "electrolyte", "disturbance", "due", "to", "vomiting", "and", "treatment", "was", "prescribed", "with", "domperidone", "and", "pantoprazole", ".", "Four", "days", "later", ",", "she", "visited", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "distal", "tingling", "and", "persistent", "cramps", ".", "With", "no", "neurological", "focality", "on", "examination", ",", "she", "was", "discharged", "and", "referred", "for", "further", "assessment", "by", "the", "Digestive", "System", "specialists", ".", "The", "following", "morning", ",", "the", "patient", "began", "to", "experience", "generalised", "weakness", ",", "predominantly", "on", "the", "left", "and", "below", ",", "dragging", "of", "the", "left", "foot", "and", "difficulty", "urinating", ",", "for", "which", "reason", "she", "returned", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", ".", "She", "did", "not", "report", "headache", ",", "infectious-fever", "syndrome", "or", "recent", "vaccinations", ",", "thrombotic", "phenomena", ",", "photosensitivity", ",", "oral", "/", "genital", "aphthae", ",", "arthritis", "/", "arthralgias", ",", "serositis", ",", "visual", ",", "cutaneous", "or", "behavioural", "alterations", "or", "convulsions", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Afebrile", ",", "haemodynamically", "stable", ".", "Normal", "level", "of", "consciousness", ",", "nuchal", "rigidity", "without", "other", "meningeal", "signs", ".", "Cranial", "nerves", "normal", ".", "Mild", "tetraparesis", "IV", "/", "V", "in", "the", "right", "extremities", "and", "III", "/", "V", "in", "the", "left", "extremities", ",", "without", "amyotrophy", "or", "fasciculations", ".", "Exalted", "osteotendinous", ",", "cutaneous-abdominal", "reflexes", "and", "signs", "of", "Hoffman", "and", "Babinsky", "present", "bilaterally", ".", "Hypoaesthesia", "tactoalgesia", "in", "the", "right", "upper", "limb", "(", "MSD", ")", "and", "level", "from", "D8", "predominantly", "left", ".", "Vibratory", "and", "arthrokinetic", "sensibility", "preserved", ".", "Finger-nose", "inaccuracy", "with", "MSD", ".", "Negative", "Romberg", "and", "paretic", "gait", "with", "left", "leg", ".", "Rest", "of", "neurological", "and", "general", "examination", "with", "no", "pathological", "findings", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "-", "Blood", "count", ",", "basic", "coagulation", ",", "biochemistry", ",", "vitamin", "B12", ",", "folate", "and", "thyroid", "hormones", ":", "normal", ".", "-", "Infectious", "blood", "serologies", "(", "HIV", ",", "HCV", ",", "HBV", ",", "Herpesvirus", ",", "Mycoplasma", ",", "Borrellia", ",", "Brucella", ")", ",", "PCR", "for", "HSV", ",", "enterovirus", "and", "tuberculosis", ":", "negative", ".", "-", "Anti-AQP4", ":", "negative", ".", "-", "Serum", "ACE", ":", "normal", "levels", ".", "-", "Cerebrospinal", "fluid", "(", "CSF", ")", ":", "clear", ",", "17", "cm", "H2O", "pressure", ",", "no", "blockages", ".", "Biochemistry", ":", "red", "blood", "cells", "10", "/", "mm3", ",", "leukocytes", "155", "/", "mm3", "(", "neutrophils", "15", "%", ",", "lymphocytes", "85", "%", ")", ",", "proteins", "125", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "glucose", "49", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "lactic", "acid", "2", ".", "3", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "Serology", "VDRL", ",", "FTA", ",", "Mycoplasma", ",", "Borrellia", ",", "HSV", "1", "and", "2", ",", "CMV", ",", "EBV", "and", "VZV", ":", "negative", ".", "Culture", ",", "Gram", "stain", ",", "agglutinations", "and", "India", "ink", ":", "negative", "or", "without", "microorganisms", ".", "BOC", ":", "negative", ".", "-", "Immunological", "study", ":", "ANA", "positive", ",", "homogeneous", "pattern", "1", "/", "160", ";", "anti-DNA", "181", "U", "/", "ml", ";", "antihistone", "positive", ";", "anti-cardiolipin", "IgG", "and", "anti-beta-2-glycoprotein", "IgG", "positive", "(", "IgM", "negative", ")", ";", "ANCA", ",", "anti-gliadin", ",", "anti-phospholipid", ",", "Russell", ":", "negative", ".", "-", "Electrocardiogram", "(", "ECG", ")", "and", "chest", "X-ray", ":", "normal", ".", "-", "Magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", "of", "the", "brain", "with", "gadolinium", ":", "small", "right", "frontal", "venous", "angioma", ".", "-", "Spinal", "MRI", ".", "Hypersignal", "from", "the", "pontine", "junction", "to", "D6", "in", "the", "sagittal", "MRI", "T2", "sequence", ",", "with", "patchy", "areas", "of", "gadolinium", "uptake", "in", "T1", ".", "-", "Neurophysiological", "study", ":", "somatosensory", "evoked", "potentials", ":", "delayed", "medullary", "conduction", "from", "the", "left", "posterior", "tibial", "nerve", ";", "normal", "visual", "and", "brainstem", "evoked", "potentials", ".", "Diagnosis", "Longitudinally", "extensive", "cervical-dorsal", "cervical", "myelitis", "secondary", "to", "undifferentiated", "autoimmune", "disease", ":", "probable", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", ".", "Treatment", "Given", "the", "rapid", "and", "significant", "clinical", "involvement", "and", "the", "CSF", "and", "MRI", "findings", ",", "he", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "ICU", "for", "monitoring", ",", "with", "no", "clinical", "progression", "in", "the", "following", "hours", ".", "Antibiotic", "and", "antiviral", "treatment", "was", "started", "until", "an", "infectious", "aetiology", "was", "ruled", "out", ",", "which", "was", "suspended", "after", "the", "CSF", "results", "and", "due", "to", "the", "absence", "of", "other", "signs", "of", "infection", ".", "The", "immunological", "profile", "suggested", "an", "inflammatory-myelinating", "origin", "and", "daily", "boluses", "of", "megadoses", "of", "corticosteroids", "were", "administered", "for", "5", "days", ".", "In", "conjunction", "with", "Rheumatology", ",", "treatment", "was", "continued", "with", "prednisone", "tappering", "up", "to", "maintenance", "doses", ".", "Sensory", "disturbances", "were", "treated", "with", "gabapentin", "and", "later", "oxcarbazepine", "due", "to", "lack", "of", "efficacy", ".", "Evolution", "The", "patient", "improved", "rapidly", "after", "starting", "treatment", ".", "At", "discharge", ",", "she", "showed", "no", "motor", "impairment", "and", "a", "clear", "sensory", "improvement", ".", "She", "continued", "to", "be", "monitored", "by", "Neurology", "and", "Rheumatology", ".", "At", "3", "months", "she", "showed", "distal", "dysaesthesias", "(", "upper", "limbs", "and", "\"", "belt", "\"", "at", "multiple", "levels", ")", "and", "flexor", "dystonic", "episodes", "in", "the", "hands", ",", "in", "the", "context", "of", "remyelination", ",", "which", "have", "improved", "with", "antiepileptic", "drugs", ".", "Currently", ",", "spinal", "MRI", "shows", "persistent", "hypersignal", "at", "the", "bulbomedullary", "junction", ",", "C6", "and", "C7", ".", "Brain", "MRI", "shows", "no", "changes", ".", "After", "20", "months", "of", "treatment", "with", "prednisone", "and", "antiepileptic", "drugs", ".", "There", "were", "no", "new", "neurological", "or", "systemic", "symptoms", ",", "with", "persistent", "dysaesthesia", "in", "the", "left", "upper", "limb", "and", "pectoral", "area", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "the", "altered", "immunological", "parameters", ",", "there", "was", "a", "decrease", "in", "the", "complement", "level", ",", "with", "no", "other", "analytical", "alterations", "." ]
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en
This is a 72-year-old male patient with a personal history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia on pharmacological treatment, with no family history of interest or previous surgery. He was referred by his primary care physician for a three-week history of general malaise, a feeling of dizziness and dull pain in the right hypochondrium. There were no recent alterations in intestinal transit, rectorrhagia or melaenic stools. Physical examination revealed only a mildly painful abdominal palpation in the right hypochondrium, with no visceromegaly. Laboratory tests showed: leukocytes: 14.3 x 109/L (85% neutrophils); haemoglobin: 11.7 g/dL (MCV: 89.7 fL, MCH: 29.2 pg); LDH: 203 U/L; GOT: 71 U/L; GPT: 104 U/L; GGT: 311 U/L; alkaline phosphatase: 526 U/L; total bilirubin: 0.74 mg/dL. Serologies for hepatotropic viruses, Brucella and Echinococcus, as well as serial blood cultures and determination of tumour markers, were negative or within normal ranges. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right hepatic lobe (8.5 x 6.8 cm), polylobulated, with cystic-like areas inside. Abdominal-pelvic computed tomography (CT) with contrast confirmed this image, which showed hypodense areas with peripheral enhancement, being overall highly suggestive of liver abscess. Fine-needle aspiration obtained abundant purulent material, the cytological analysis of which was congruent with acute inflammation of a non-specific nature, with no evidence of malignancy. Microbiological culture and parasite examination of the aspirate were negative. After the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy (ceftriaxone, metronidazole and gentamicin) and the implantation of percutaneous drainage, a favourable clinical evolution was obtained, with practical remission of the lesion in a subsequent radiological control. In order to investigate possible underlying pathogenic conditions, a colonoscopy was performed, which identified an exophytic lesion close to the ileocaecal valve, suspicious for malignancy; the anatomopathological study confirmed the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the cecum. The extension study did not reveal metastatic dissemination or other lesions in the liver, and a right hemicolectomy was performed with subsequent administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (capecitabine). The patient remains free of disease after 14 months of follow-up.
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en
A 64-year-old man presented to the emergency department with 8 hours of polyarthritis of the hands and feet. His personal history included a fracture of the right ankle years ago which required surgery. He had no family history of interest. He reported having presented catarrhal symptoms, with throat discomfort and cough without expectoration the previous week. She reported no previous trauma or dysthermic sensation. Examination revealed the presence of fever, arthritis in the right carpus, first metacarpophalangeal joint of the right hand and both ankles and tarsals. There was also an erythematous area on the dorsum of the 2nd metacarpophalangeal joint of the right hand. Given the history of catarrhal symptoms in the previous week, it was interpreted as reactive arthritis and treatment with corticosteroids was administered. Forty-eight hours later, the patient presented again with worsening general condition, fever (38.7oC) and increased erythema, oedema and pain in both hands and feet. Additional tests showed 16,900 leukocytes, 90% polymorphonuclear, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 118 mm/1o h and a C-reactive protein of 303.2 mg/dl. Plain radiographs of the chest, hands and feet showed no abnormalities. Three blood cultures were drawn and all were negative. Arthrocentesis of the right ankle was performed and an inflammatory fluid was obtained, the culture of which showed growth of NM.
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[ { "text": "family", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 213, "end": 219 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 113, "end": 121 }, { "text": "NM", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1412, "end": 1414 } ]
en
A 53-year-old Bolivian man, with no previous history, presented with 3 weeks of daily fever and profuse sweating, weakness and myalgia in the lower limbs. He had lived in Spain for 15 years and reported a 10-day trip to a Bolivian city three months earlier. No history of insect bites, no drug abuse or risky sexual relations. On physical examination, To 37.6oC, haemodynamically stable, Sat O2 95% on room air. Limited movement of the lower limbs due to myalgias. The rest of the physical examination was normal. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis (17540 / μL) with neutrophilia (14630 / μL), elevated CRP (248.2 mg), elevated liver enzymes with dissociated cholestasis (AST 90U/L, ALT 110 U/L, FA 318 U/L, GGT 407 U/L), normal CK levels with elevated aldolase (26 U / l) and urine sediment with granular casts and 15-25 leukocytes/field. All other parameters were normal. CT scan of the neck, chest and abdomen showed mural thickening of the infrarenal aorta suggestive of periaortitis. Inflammatory activity was confirmed with PET-CT, associating irregular hyperenhancement in the lower extremities. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed p-ANCA positivity (1: 1280), (MPO-ANCA> 134 IU/ml). Trypanosoma Cruzi serology was also positive for IgG (1/512). The diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease was made after confirming the presence of megacolon by barium enema. No upper gastrointestinal or cardiac involvement was found after barium oesophagram and echocardiography. EMG was performed, with no signs of myopathy, but lower limb MRI showed interfascial oedema and T2 hyperintensity suggesting diffuse inflammation. Muscle biopsies were obtained and showed perimysial small vessel vasculitis. These findings were consistent with an atypical presentation of microscopic polyangiitis with muscle involvement, probable renal and large vessel involvement. The patient was treated with Benznidazole 5mg/kg per day (60 days), 3 boluses of methylprednisolone 250 mg. Subsequently prednisone 1mg/kg/day with progressive dose reduction and Rituximab 375mg/m2 weekly (4 weeks) with complete resolution of myalgias, fever, normalisation of transaminases and urine sediment, except for proteinuria. After the third dose of Rituximab, he developed haemoptysis, so urgent bronchoscopy with BAL and transbronchial biopsy was performed, showing purulent exudates but no haematic debris. The biopsy ruled out capillaritis but several sputum and BAL cultures were positive for Aspergillus fumigatus, so he was treated with Voriconazole 200 mg/12 h (12 weeks), with complete resolution of the respiratory symptoms. The patient was discharged on oral prednisone and will receive maintenance therapy with Rituximab.
[ "A", "53-year-old", "Bolivian", "man", ",", "with", "no", "previous", "history", ",", "presented", "with", "3", "weeks", "of", "daily", "fever", "and", "profuse", "sweating", ",", "weakness", "and", "myalgia", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", ".", "He", "had", "lived", "in", "Spain", "for", "15", "years", "and", "reported", "a", "10-day", "trip", "to", "a", "Bolivian", "city", "three", "months", "earlier", ".", "No", "history", "of", "insect", "bites", ",", "no", "drug", "abuse", "or", "risky", "sexual", "relations", ".", "On", "physical", "examination", ",", "To", "37", ".", "6oC", ",", "haemodynamically", "stable", ",", "Sat", "O2", "95", "%", "on", "room", "air", ".", "Limited", "movement", "of", "the", "lower", "limbs", "due", "to", "myalgias", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "physical", "examination", "was", "normal", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "leukocytosis", "(", "17540", "/", "μL", ")", "with", "neutrophilia", "(", "14630", "/", "μL", ")", ",", "elevated", "CRP", "(", "248", ".", "2", "mg", ")", ",", "elevated", "liver", "enzymes", "with", "dissociated", "cholestasis", "(", "AST", "90U", "/", "L", ",", "ALT", "110", "U", "/", "L", ",", "FA", "318", "U", "/", "L", ",", "GGT", "407", "U", "/", "L", ")", ",", "normal", "CK", "levels", "with", "elevated", "aldolase", "(", "26", "U", "/", "l", ")", "and", "urine", "sediment", "with", "granular", "casts", "and", "15-25", "leukocytes", "/", "field", ".", "All", "other", "parameters", "were", "normal", ".", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "neck", ",", "chest", "and", "abdomen", "showed", "mural", "thickening", "of", "the", "infrarenal", "aorta", "suggestive", "of", "periaortitis", ".", "Inflammatory", "activity", "was", "confirmed", "with", "PET-CT", ",", "associating", "irregular", "hyperenhancement", "in", "the", "lower", "extremities", ".", "Indirect", "immunofluorescence", "revealed", "p-ANCA", "positivity", "(", "1", ":", "1280", ")", ",", "(", "MPO-ANCA", ">", "134", "IU", "/", "ml", ")", ".", "Trypanosoma", "Cruzi", "serology", "was", "also", "positive", "for", "IgG", "(", "1", "/", "512", ")", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "of", "chronic", "Chagas", "disease", "was", "made", "after", "confirming", "the", "presence", "of", "megacolon", "by", "barium", "enema", ".", "No", "upper", "gastrointestinal", "or", "cardiac", "involvement", "was", "found", "after", "barium", "oesophagram", "and", "echocardiography", ".", "EMG", "was", "performed", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "myopathy", ",", "but", "lower", "limb", "MRI", "showed", "interfascial", "oedema", "and", "T2", "hyperintensity", "suggesting", "diffuse", "inflammation", ".", "Muscle", "biopsies", "were", "obtained", "and", "showed", "perimysial", "small", "vessel", "vasculitis", ".", "These", "findings", "were", "consistent", "with", "an", "atypical", "presentation", "of", "microscopic", "polyangiitis", "with", "muscle", "involvement", ",", "probable", "renal", "and", "large", "vessel", "involvement", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "treated", "with", "Benznidazole", "5mg", "/", "kg", "per", "day", "(", "60", "days", ")", ",", "3", "boluses", "of", "methylprednisolone", "250", "mg", ".", "Subsequently", "prednisone", "1mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "with", "progressive", "dose", "reduction", "and", "Rituximab", "375mg", "/", "m2", "weekly", "(", "4", "weeks", ")", "with", "complete", "resolution", "of", "myalgias", ",", "fever", ",", "normalisation", "of", "transaminases", "and", "urine", "sediment", ",", "except", "for", "proteinuria", ".", "After", "the", "third", "dose", "of", "Rituximab", ",", "he", "developed", "haemoptysis", ",", "so", "urgent", "bronchoscopy", "with", "BAL", "and", "transbronchial", "biopsy", "was", "performed", ",", "showing", "purulent", "exudates", "but", "no", "haematic", "debris", ".", "The", "biopsy", "ruled", "out", "capillaritis", "but", "several", "sputum", "and", "BAL", "cultures", "were", "positive", "for", "Aspergillus", "fumigatus", ",", "so", "he", "was", "treated", "with", "Voriconazole", "200", "mg", "/", "12", "h", "(", "12", "weeks", ")", ",", "with", "complete", "resolution", "of", "the", "respiratory", "symptoms", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "discharged", "on", "oral", "prednisone", "and", "will", "receive", "maintenance", "therapy", "with", "Rituximab", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Aspergillus fumigatus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2461, "end": 2482 }, { "text": "Trypanosoma Cruzi", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1194, "end": 1211 }, { "text": "insect", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 272, "end": 278 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1858, "end": 1865 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2602, "end": 2609 } ]
en
Infant aged 1 month and 25 days consulted for cough and mucus for 5 days, with the addition of fever for the last 3 days (maximum of 37.8°C). Today respiratory difficulty was added, accompanied by wheezing, she went to the centre and was prescribed salbutamol by inhalation. Mother persists with respiratory difficulty and goes to the emergency department. PERSONAL HISTORY Birth: at term by caesarean section due to non-progression of labour and unsatisfactory monitor -Apgar: 9/10- Weight RN: 2980 gr- Rest not relevant. FAMILY HISTORY Father admitted 15 days ago for suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (respiratory symptoms of cough and fever of 6 months of evolution). Chest X-ray and CT scan of the lungs and positive Mantoux test. He has been on anti-tuberculosis treatment for 10 days. Mantoux to family contacts pending reading. The rest of the patient was of no interest. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ON ADMISSION Weight: 4020 g (p3), Length 53 cm (p10), WC 38 cm (p50), Ta: 37.2 oC, RR: 45 rpm, HR: 120 bpm, SatO2: 98%. Good general condition, skin and mucous membrane pallor. Adequate hydration and nutrition. Tachypnoea and mild subcostal tugging. AP: acceptable bilateral ventilation with scattered inspiratory and expiratory wheezing. AC: rhythmic, systolic murmur 2/6 mesocardium. Abdomen: soft and depressible, palpation of the spleen pole at 1.5 cm below the costal margin and liver at 1 cm below the costal margin, not painful. ENT: abundant clear rhinorrhoea. Otoscopy normal. Neurological: Normal anterior fontanel, 2x 2 cm. Good spontaneous activity and reactivity to stimuli. Normal tone and strength. Follows the gaze and smiles during the examination. No skin lesions. COMPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS Haemogram: Hb 8.7, Ht 27%, leucocytes 21400 (38%N, 40%L), platelets 419000. Blood biochemistry: Glucose 100 mg/dl, ions, urea and creatinine normal. CRP 9 mg/dl-Chest X-ray A-P: bilateral interstitial infiltrate. COMPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS (ON THE WARD) Haemogram: leucocytes 18,500/mm3 (N 45%, L 41%, M 10%), Hb: 8.4 g/dl, Ht: 26%, MCV 78 fl, MCH 25 pg, ADE 15.7, reticulocytes 3%, platelets: 102000/mm3. Smear: Anisocytosis with frequent echinocytes, some dianocytes and elliptocytes. White and platelet series without abnormalities. Biochemistry: ions, renal, hepatic and lipid profiles normal except GGT 466 IU/l, TAG 208 mg/dl. Iron metabolism: iron 34 mcg/dl, IST 14%, Ferritin 879 ng/ml, transferrin 193 mg/dl. Microbiology: Mantoux: 10 mm. Blood culture and urine culture: negative. CSF: nucleated cells 12/mm3; no red blood cells; glucose 57 mg/dL; protein 32 mg/dL. PCR for M. Tuberculosis negative in CSF. Antigenic determination of RSV, influenza A and B negative. PCR for B. Pertussis: negative. PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in gastric juice negative (2 samples). Imaging studies: Brain and abdominal ultrasound: normal Chest X-ray PA (10 days after admission): fine nodular image homogeneously distributed in both lung fields compatible with TB with miliary dissemination. EVOLUTION Hospitalisation (2 weeks): On admission, the aforementioned complementary studies were performed and, given the suspicion of miliary tuberculosis, treatment was started with isoniazid with pyridoxine (10mg/kg/day), pyrazidamide (30/mg/kg/day) and rifampicin (15mg/kg/day), with a favourable evolution of fever and gradual improvement in respiratory symptoms. Upon radiological confirmation of a pattern compatible with miliary tuberculosis, ethambutol (15mg/kg/day) and prednisone (1.5 mg/kg/day) were added to the treatment. After completing respiratory isolation, and given the good clinical condition and excellent oral tolerance, discharge was decided, and treatment and follow-up continued on an outpatient basis. It was confirmed that the antibiogram performed on the father according to RCP was sensitive to the antituberculosis drugs used. The mother is currently being treated with isoniazid B6 due to latent tuberculosis infection. There is no record of any other TB patients in the family. Follow-up at discharge: Good tolerance to antituberculosis treatment, with favourable evolution. FINAL DIAGNOSIS Miliary TB
[ "Infant", "aged", "1", "month", "and", "25", "days", "consulted", "for", "cough", "and", "mucus", "for", "5", "days", ",", "with", "the", "addition", "of", "fever", "for", "the", "last", "3", "days", "(", "maximum", "of", "37", ".", "8", "°", "C", ")", ".", "Today", "respiratory", "difficulty", "was", "added", ",", "accompanied", "by", "wheezing", ",", "she", "went", "to", "the", "centre", "and", "was", "prescribed", "salbutamol", "by", "inhalation", ".", "Mother", "persists", "with", "respiratory", "difficulty", "and", "goes", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", ".", "PERSONAL", "HISTORY", "Birth", ":", "at", "term", "by", "caesarean", "section", "due", "to", "non-progression", "of", "labour", "and", "unsatisfactory", "monitor", "-", "Apgar", ":", "9", "/", "10", "-", "Weight", "RN", ":", "2980", "gr", "-", "Rest", "not", "relevant", ".", "FAMILY", "HISTORY", "Father", "admitted", "15", "days", "ago", "for", "suspected", "pulmonary", "tuberculosis", "(", "respiratory", "symptoms", "of", "cough", "and", "fever", "of", "6", "months", "of", "evolution", ")", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "and", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "lungs", "and", "positive", "Mantoux", "test", ".", "He", "has", "been", "on", "anti-tuberculosis", "treatment", "for", "10", "days", ".", "Mantoux", "to", "family", "contacts", "pending", "reading", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "patient", "was", "of", "no", "interest", ".", "PHYSICAL", "EXAMINATION", "ON", "ADMISSION", "Weight", ":", "4020", "g", "(", "p3", ")", ",", "Length", "53", "cm", "(", "p10", ")", ",", "WC", "38", "cm", "(", "p50", ")", ",", "Ta", ":", "37", ".", "2", "oC", ",", "RR", ":", "45", "rpm", ",", "HR", ":", "120", "bpm", ",", "SatO2", ":", "98", "%", ".", "Good", "general", "condition", ",", "skin", "and", "mucous", "membrane", "pallor", ".", "Adequate", "hydration", "and", "nutrition", ".", "Tachypnoea", "and", "mild", "subcostal", "tugging", ".", "AP", ":", "acceptable", "bilateral", "ventilation", "with", "scattered", "inspiratory", "and", "expiratory", "wheezing", ".", "AC", ":", "rhythmic", ",", "systolic", "murmur", "2", "/", "6", "mesocardium", ".", "Abdomen", ":", "soft", "and", "depressible", ",", "palpation", "of", "the", "spleen", "pole", "at", "1", ".", "5", "cm", "below", "the", "costal", "margin", "and", "liver", "at", "1", "cm", "below", "the", "costal", "margin", ",", "not", "painful", ".", "ENT", ":", "abundant", "clear", "rhinorrhoea", ".", "Otoscopy", "normal", ".", "Neurological", ":", "Normal", "anterior", "fontanel", ",", "2x", "2", "cm", ".", "Good", "spontaneous", "activity", "and", "reactivity", "to", "stimuli", ".", "Normal", "tone", "and", "strength", ".", "Follows", "the", "gaze", "and", "smiles", "during", "the", "examination", ".", "No", "skin", "lesions", ".", "COMPLEMENTARY", "EXAMINATIONS", "Haemogram", ":", "Hb", "8", ".", "7", ",", "Ht", "27", "%", ",", "leucocytes", "21400", "(", "38", "%", "N", ",", "40", "%", "L", ")", ",", "platelets", "419000", ".", "Blood", "biochemistry", ":", "Glucose", "100", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "ions", ",", "urea", "and", "creatinine", "normal", ".", "CRP", "9", "mg", "/", "dl-Chest", "X-ray", "A-P", ":", "bilateral", "interstitial", "infiltrate", ".", "COMPLEMENTARY", "EXAMINATIONS", "(", "ON", "THE", "WARD", ")", "Haemogram", ":", "leucocytes", "18", ",", "500", "/", "mm3", "(", "N", "45", "%", ",", "L", "41", "%", ",", "M", "10", "%", ")", ",", "Hb", ":", "8", ".", "4", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "Ht", ":", "26", "%", ",", "MCV", "78", "fl", ",", "MCH", "25", "pg", ",", "ADE", "15", ".", "7", ",", "reticulocytes", "3", "%", ",", "platelets", ":", "102000", "/", "mm3", ".", "Smear", ":", "Anisocytosis", "with", "frequent", "echinocytes", ",", "some", "dianocytes", "and", "elliptocytes", ".", "White", "and", "platelet", "series", "without", "abnormalities", ".", "Biochemistry", ":", "ions", ",", "renal", ",", "hepatic", "and", "lipid", "profiles", "normal", "except", "GGT", "466", "IU", "/", "l", ",", "TAG", "208", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Iron", "metabolism", ":", "iron", "34", "mcg", "/", "dl", ",", "IST", "14", "%", ",", "Ferritin", "879", "ng", "/", "ml", ",", "transferrin", "193", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Microbiology", ":", "Mantoux", ":", "10", "mm", ".", "Blood", "culture", "and", "urine", "culture", ":", "negative", ".", "CSF", ":", "nucleated", "cells", "12", "/", "mm3", ";", "no", "red", "blood", "cells", ";", "glucose", "57", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "protein", "32", "mg", "/", "dL", ".", "PCR", "for", "M", ".", "Tuberculosis", "negative", "in", "CSF", ".", "Antigenic", "determination", "of", "RSV", ",", "influenza", "A", "and", "B", "negative", ".", "PCR", "for", "B", ".", "Pertussis", ":", "negative", ".", "PCR", "for", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "in", "gastric", "juice", "negative", "(", "2", "samples", ")", ".", "Imaging", "studies", ":", "Brain", "and", "abdominal", "ultrasound", ":", "normal", "Chest", "X-ray", "PA", "(", "10", "days", "after", "admission", ")", ":", "fine", "nodular", "image", "homogeneously", "distributed", "in", "both", "lung", "fields", "compatible", "with", "TB", "with", "miliary", "dissemination", ".", "EVOLUTION", "Hospitalisation", "(", "2", "weeks", ")", ":", "On", "admission", ",", "the", "aforementioned", "complementary", "studies", "were", "performed", "and", ",", "given", "the", "suspicion", "of", "miliary", "tuberculosis", ",", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "isoniazid", "with", "pyridoxine", "(", "10mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", ")", ",", "pyrazidamide", "(", "30", "/", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", ")", "and", "rifampicin", "(", "15mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", ")", ",", "with", "a", "favourable", "evolution", "of", "fever", "and", "gradual", "improvement", "in", "respiratory", "symptoms", ".", "Upon", "radiological", "confirmation", "of", "a", "pattern", "compatible", "with", "miliary", "tuberculosis", ",", "ethambutol", "(", "15mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", ")", "and", "prednisone", "(", "1", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", ")", "were", "added", "to", "the", "treatment", ".", "After", "completing", "respiratory", "isolation", ",", "and", "given", "the", "good", "clinical", "condition", "and", "excellent", "oral", "tolerance", ",", "discharge", "was", "decided", ",", "and", "treatment", "and", "follow-up", "continued", "on", "an", "outpatient", "basis", ".", "It", "was", "confirmed", "that", "the", "antibiogram", "performed", "on", "the", "father", "according", "to", "RCP", "was", "sensitive", "to", "the", "antituberculosis", "drugs", "used", ".", "The", "mother", "is", "currently", "being", "treated", "with", "isoniazid", "B6", "due", "to", "latent", "tuberculosis", "infection", ".", "There", "is", "no", "record", "of", "any", "other", "TB", "patients", "in", "the", "family", ".", "Follow-up", "at", "discharge", ":", "Good", "tolerance", "to", "antituberculosis", "treatment", ",", "with", "favourable", "evolution", ".", "FINAL", "DIAGNOSIS", "Miliary", "TB" ]
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en
We present the case of an 8-year-old boy with a history of anaphylaxis due to allergy to milk and lentils, atopic dermatitis, rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. On the way to the outpatient clinic due to red eye symptoms, the patient ingested two cashew nuts and within a few minutes began to experience pharyngeal pruritus with abdominal pain, followed by generalised urticaria, eyelid oedema and bronchospasm on arrival at the outpatient clinic. At the outpatient clinic, 0.3mg of intramuscular adrenaline, salbutamol and antihistamines were administered, and he was transferred to our centre. A few minutes after arrival, the patient presented a sudden worsening with facial oedema and dyspnoea, and 0.6mg of intramuscular adrenaline, methylprednisolone and dexchlorpheniramine were administered. Despite treatment, severe hypotension (47/27 mmHg) and bradycardia were observed. After a new dose of 0.5mg of intravenous adrenaline due to haemodynamic instability, he was admitted to the paediatric ICU with intravenous adrenaline pump with progressive improvement. After a visit to the allergy clinic, the patient explained a previous episode of pharyngeal itching after eating cashew nut sauce. The tryptase curve was 47/12.4/15 (baseline) ug/L. Acute total IgE was 242 KU/L with a specific IgE to pistachio of 0.92 KU/L. Skin tests for fruit, lipid transport proteins and nuts were negative, and pistachio and cashew nuts were not tested due to family refusal. ImmunoCAP ISAC 112 was requested and was negative against rAna o2 and an external determination of specific IgE to cashew nut complete extract of 3.09 KU/L with specific IgE to rAna o3 of 2.52 KU/L and total IgE of 239 KU/L. The basophil activation test against complete cashew extract was positive supporting the diagnosis of anaphylactic shock secondary to cashew storage proteins.
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en
85-year-old man with a history of hydatidosis with multiple peritoneal and hepatic cysts, operated on 4 occasions (the last in 2011). He was refused further surgery due to his age and comorbidities. He came to the emergency department for fever and cough with brownish expectoration. Examination showed right basal hypoventilation. Laboratory tests showed Hb 11.2 g/dl, leukocytes 4680/μl (neutrophils 3051/μl, eosinophils 88/μl) and CRP 60.6 mg/L. Chest X-ray showed increased right basal density. He was admitted to the internal medicine ward for right basal pneumonia and empirical treatment was started with ceftriaxone and azithromycin. New complementary tests were requested: sputum culture in which Klebsiella oxytoca sensitive to cephalosporins was isolated; serology for E. granulosus, which was positive; and a thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT scan showing multiple liver cysts, condensation in the right lower lobe secondary to dissemination of a hydatid cyst in the hepatic dome (12x8.5 cm), hiatal hernia with marked dilatation of the oesophagus due to gastric compression by multiple peritoneal cysts and a single intrasplenic cyst. All of them at different stages of evolution, some with a calcific component. Given the results of the tests requested at discharge, antibiotic therapy was changed to cefuroxime and albendazole was prescribed for 6 months on an outpatient basis.
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[ { "text": "Klebsiella oxytoca sensitive to cephalosporins", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 706, "end": 752 }, { "text": "E. granulosus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 780, "end": 793 } ]
en
Reason for consultation Hallucinations. Individual approach (anamnesis, examination, complementary tests). 81-year-old patient with a personal history of AF, DM-II, AHT, DLPM, hypothyroidism. On treatment with sintrom 4 mg, enalapril 20 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg/12h, simvastatin 20 mg, Eutirox 100 mcg, omeprazole 20 mg, carvedilol 6.25 mg/12h, gliclazide 30 mg 2/24h, Lorazepam 1 mg/24h. Cholecystectomised. She came to the primary care clinic accompanied by her son, nervous and distressed, reporting that for the last week she had been suffering from nocturnal visual hallucinations: -I see worms coming out of the headboard of the bed‖. The patient normally goes to the clinic to check her Synthrom and the rest of her underlying pathologies and always comes alone. On the other hand, for several weeks she has been experiencing split sleep during the night associated with dysuria, polyuria and urinary urgency, as well as a feeling of dysthermia without having put on a thermometer. No other accompanying symptoms. Physical examination: Adequate general condition, conscious, oriented, cooperative. Blood pressure 130/70. Temperature 36 oC. Glasgow 15. Pupils isochoric normoreactive. No dysarthria. No deviation of oral commissure. Strength, sensitivity and mobility preserved in the 4 extremities. Preserved gait. Romberg without alterations. When the hallucinations are explored in more detail, she only reports that they only occur when she wakes up during the night and disappear when the light is switched on. He recognises that they are not real. She has moved to another room to sleep as an avoidance mechanism. Eupneic at rest, well hydrated and perfused. Cardiac auscultation: arrhythmic tones at 80 bpm. Respiratory auscultation: preserved vesicular murmur without added noise. O2 sat 97%. Abdomen globular, distended. Not painful, without abdominal defence. RHA present. Normal bilateral PPR. Lower limbs: no oedema, signs of CVI. A combur test was performed and positive leucocytes and nitrites were obtained. Laboratory tests were requested with a complete blood count, biochemistry (including ions, liver and renal function), CRP, urine and urine culture, thyroid hormones, vitamin B12, folic acid, treponema pallidum, glycosylated hb. Family and community approach Patient widowed for about 10 years and living alone. Independent for ABVD. She has a son who lives in the same town, in the block next to her and lives with his wife and 2 children aged 9 and 13. They have a very good relationship with each other and see each other every day. Clinical judgement (list of problems, differential diagnosis) Uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Differential diagnosis: onset of dementia, psychiatric disorder, cerebral LOE, side effect of medication, fever, epilepsy, renal insufficiency... Action plan and evolution Laboratory tests were requested as indicated above. Treatment was prescribed with amoxicillin 875 mg/clavulanic acid 125 mg/8h for 7 days and hypnotic treatment was modified: decrease for 4-5 days to 1⁄2 comp Lorazepam and start with 1⁄2 comp lormetazepam to subsequently suspend Lorazepam and continue with 1 comp lormetazepam at night. Monitor for fever or new symptoms. Evolution The patient was seen a week after starting the antibiotic treatment and modifying the hypnotic treatment in order to obtain the results of the requested blood test. The results of the analysis were normal except for the systematic urine test, which indicated the urinary tract infection already known with a positive culture for E.coli sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. This time the patient came to the clinic alone and reported clinical improvement of the dysuria and disappearance on the second day of starting treatment of the visual hallucinations for which she had consulted. She had returned to sleep in her usual room.
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"without", "abdominal", "defence", ".", "RHA", "present", ".", "Normal", "bilateral", "PPR", ".", "Lower", "limbs", ":", "no", "oedema", ",", "signs", "of", "CVI", ".", "A", "combur", "test", "was", "performed", "and", "positive", "leucocytes", "and", "nitrites", "were", "obtained", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "were", "requested", "with", "a", "complete", "blood", "count", ",", "biochemistry", "(", "including", "ions", ",", "liver", "and", "renal", "function", ")", ",", "CRP", ",", "urine", "and", "urine", "culture", ",", "thyroid", "hormones", ",", "vitamin", "B12", ",", "folic", "acid", ",", "treponema", "pallidum", ",", "glycosylated", "hb", ".", "Family", "and", "community", "approach", "Patient", "widowed", "for", "about", "10", "years", "and", "living", "alone", ".", "Independent", "for", "ABVD", ".", "She", "has", "a", "son", "who", "lives", "in", "the", "same", "town", ",", "in", "the", "block", "next", "to", "her", "and", "lives", "with", "his", "wife", "and", "2", "children", "aged", "9", "and", "13", ".", "They", "have", "a", "very", "good", "relationship", "with", "each", "other", "and", "see", "each", "other", "every", "day", ".", "Clinical", "judgement", "(", "list", "of", "problems", ",", "differential", "diagnosis", ")", "Uncomplicated", "urinary", "tract", "infection", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", ":", "onset", "of", "dementia", ",", "psychiatric", "disorder", ",", "cerebral", "LOE", ",", "side", "effect", "of", "medication", ",", "fever", ",", "epilepsy", ",", "renal", "insufficiency", ".", ".", ".", "Action", "plan", "and", "evolution", "Laboratory", "tests", "were", "requested", "as", "indicated", "above", ".", "Treatment", "was", "prescribed", "with", "amoxicillin", "875", "mg", "/", "clavulanic", "acid", "125", "mg", "/", "8h", "for", "7", "days", "and", "hypnotic", "treatment", "was", "modified", ":", "decrease", "for", "4-5", "days", "to", "1", "⁄", "2", "comp", "Lorazepam", "and", "start", "with", "1", "⁄", "2", "comp", "lormetazepam", "to", "subsequently", "suspend", "Lorazepam", "and", "continue", "with", "1", "comp", "lormetazepam", "at", "night", ".", "Monitor", "for", "fever", "or", "new", "symptoms", ".", "Evolution", "The", "patient", "was", "seen", "a", "week", "after", "starting", "the", "antibiotic", "treatment", "and", "modifying", "the", "hypnotic", "treatment", "in", "order", "to", "obtain", "the", "results", "of", "the", "requested", "blood", "test", ".", "The", "results", "of", "the", "analysis", "were", "normal", "except", "for", "the", "systematic", "urine", "test", ",", "which", "indicated", "the", "urinary", "tract", "infection", "already", "known", "with", "a", "positive", "culture", "for", "E", ".", "coli", "sensitive", "to", "amoxicillin", "/", "clavulanic", "acid", ".", "This", "time", "the", "patient", "came", "to", "the", "clinic", "alone", "and", "reported", "clinical", "improvement", "of", "the", "dysuria", "and", "disappearance", "on", "the", "second", "day", "of", "starting", "treatment", "of", "the", "visual", "hallucinations", "for", "which", "she", "had", "consulted", ".", "She", "had", "returned", "to", "sleep", "in", "her", "usual", "room", "." ]
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en
A 22-year-old male patient from Paraguay with recently diagnosed HIV infection. He consulted for progressive holocranial headache, intensity 10/10, associated with vomiting and decreased bilateral visual acuity, of 20 days of evolution. These symptoms were also accompanied by unquantified weight loss, asthenia, adynamia, hyporexia and intermittent febrile registers. On physical examination, the patient was in fair general condition, with marked pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, stiff neck and bilateral blurred vision. There were no signs of motor focus. There was palpable hepatosplenomegaly and a left laterocervical lymph node conglomerate, with mobile, duroelastic adenopathies, not adhered to deep planes. Dermatological examination showed few papules and acneiform lesions on the dorsum. On admission, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain ruled out the presence of space-occupying lesions. Fundus examination showed papillae without defined borders compatible with oedema. Lumbar puncture was performed and clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained with proteinorrachy of 0.28 g/L, glucorrachy 51 g/L and 4 cells/uL (100% mononuclear). Opening pressure was 45 cm H2O. Indian ink preparation of CSF sediment showed capsulated yeasts compatible with Cryptococcus sp. Laboratory findings on admission were: HtO 29%, Hb 9.6 g/L, WBC 2700/mm3, platelets 87. 000/mm3, prothrombin concentration 68%, urea 16 mg%, creatinine 0.9 mg%, TGO 20 IU/L, TGP 27 IU/L. CD4+ T lymphocyte count: 21 cells/μL (8%), plasma viral load for HIV: 23,238 copies per mL (log10 4.37) and Ag RK39: negative. Cryptococcus antigenorrhoea was positive with titre > 1/1,000 and antigenemia was positive > 1/10,000. CSF culture revealed Cryptococcus neoformans. Serology by immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis for H. capsulatum was negative in both serum and CSF. Chest X-ray showed an excavated infiltrate in the right lung apex. With an initial diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis with meningoencephalic involvement, he started combined treatment with liposomal amphotericin B at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day, fluconazole at a dose of 800 mg/day, both intravenously, and daily lumbar puncture evacuations as treatment for endocranial hypertension. A CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis showed segmental opacity in the apex of the right lung, solid in appearance, with areas of cavitation, homogeneous splenomegaly and retroperitoneal intercavoaortic and lateroaortic adenomegaly. Fibrobronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was performed; culture of the material obtained showed the development of Cryptococcus neoformans. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans was also obtained in blood cultures by centrifugation lysis technique and in the scarification examination of the skin lesions. Biopsy of the skin lesions with PAS and Grocott stains showed no yeasts compatible with histoplasma. Due to worsening haemocytometric values, with severe pancytopenia, a bone marrow biopsy was performed and showed yeast infiltration compatible with Cryptococcus. Given the suspicion of other comorbidities such as lymphomas or other opportunistic infections, cervical adenomegaly was excised, and microscopic examination showed replacement of the lymph node histoarchitecture by yeasts. Culture of the biopsy material allowed isolation and identification of Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. The patient evolved favourably from the microbiological point of view with a decrease in antigenemia and antigenorrhoeaemia values and negative CSF culture at one month of treatment. However, he persisted with signs of endocranial hypertension, refractory to treatment with frequent lumbar puncture evacuations, which led to the placement of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt valve, which resulted in normalisation of CSF opening pressure values and the disappearance of signs and symptoms in the central nervous system. He started HAART at the sixth week of treatment with good adherence and tolerability. Currently the patient is in good clinical condition, receives antiretroviral treatment, secondary prophylaxis with fluconazole at a dose of 400 mg daily and primary prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole, a double dose tablet three times a week.
[ "A", "22-year-old", "male", "patient", "from", "Paraguay", "with", "recently", "diagnosed", "HIV", "infection", ".", "He", "consulted", "for", "progressive", "holocranial", "headache", ",", "intensity", "10", "/", "10", ",", "associated", "with", "vomiting", "and", "decreased", "bilateral", "visual", "acuity", ",", "of", "20", "days", "of", "evolution", ".", "These", "symptoms", "were", "also", "accompanied", "by", "unquantified", "weight", "loss", ",", "asthenia", ",", "adynamia", ",", "hyporexia", "and", "intermittent", "febrile", "registers", ".", "On", "physical", "examination", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "in", "fair", "general", "condition", ",", "with", "marked", "pallor", "of", "the", "skin", "and", "mucous", "membranes", ",", "stiff", "neck", "and", "bilateral", "blurred", "vision", ".", "There", "were", "no", "signs", "of", "motor", "focus", ".", "There", "was", "palpable", "hepatosplenomegaly", "and", "a", "left", "laterocervical", "lymph", "node", "conglomerate", ",", "with", "mobile", ",", "duroelastic", "adenopathies", ",", "not", "adhered", "to", "deep", "planes", ".", "Dermatological", "examination", "showed", "few", "papules", "and", "acneiform", "lesions", "on", "the", "dorsum", ".", "On", "admission", ",", "a", "computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", "of", "the", "brain", "ruled", "out", "the", "presence", "of", "space-occupying", "lesions", ".", "Fundus", "examination", "showed", "papillae", "without", "defined", "borders", "compatible", "with", "oedema", ".", "Lumbar", "puncture", "was", "performed", "and", "clear", "cerebrospinal", "fluid", "(", "CSF", ")", "was", "obtained", "with", "proteinorrachy", "of", "0", ".", "28", "g", "/", "L", ",", "glucorrachy", "51", "g", "/", "L", "and", "4", "cells", "/", "uL", "(", "100", "%", "mononuclear", ")", ".", "Opening", "pressure", "was", "45", "cm", "H2O", ".", "Indian", "ink", "preparation", "of", "CSF", "sediment", "showed", "capsulated", "yeasts", "compatible", "with", "Cryptococcus", "sp", ".", "Laboratory", "findings", "on", "admission", "were", ":", "HtO", "29", "%", ",", "Hb", "9", ".", "6", "g", "/", "L", ",", "WBC", "2700", "/", "mm3", ",", "platelets", "87", ".", "000", "/", "mm3", ",", "prothrombin", "concentration", "68", "%", ",", "urea", "16", "mg", "%", ",", "creatinine", "0", ".", "9", "mg", "%", ",", "TGO", "20", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "TGP", "27", "IU", "/", "L", ".", "CD4", "+", "T", "lymphocyte", "count", ":", "21", "cells", "/", "μL", "(", "8", "%", ")", ",", "plasma", "viral", "load", "for", "HIV", ":", "23", ",", "238", "copies", "per", "mL", "(", "log10", "4", ".", "37", ")", "and", "Ag", "RK39", ":", "negative", ".", "Cryptococcus", "antigenorrhoea", "was", "positive", "with", "titre", ">", "1", "/", "1", ",", "000", "and", "antigenemia", "was", "positive", ">", "1", "/", "10", ",", "000", ".", "CSF", "culture", "revealed", "Cryptococcus", "neoformans", ".", "Serology", "by", "immunodiffusion", "and", "counterimmunoelectrophoresis", "for", "H", 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en
Reason for consultation Abdominal pain focused on the right flank. Individual approach (anamnesis, examination, complementary tests). Personal history: 50-year-old woman. No known allergies. No toxic habits. No hypertension, no DM or dyslipidaemia. Primary hypothyroidism in substitutive treatment with Eutirox 50 mcg. Allergic rhinitis being treated with antihistamine on demand. Anamnesis: The patient presented with continuous dull abdominal pain in the right flank for several days, accompanied by nausea without vomiting, without fever. The pain does not change with posture or analgesia. There was no associated micturition syndrome. This led to consultation in the emergency department. Examination: General condition was good. Conscious and oriented. Eupneic at rest. Well hydrated and perfused. Normal cardiac and pulmonary auscultation. Soft depressible abdomen, painful on palpation in the right hypochondrium where a poorly defined indurated mass is palpated, without erythema or direct signs of inflammation of 3 cm in diameter. There were no signs of peritoneal irritation. Murphy's and Blumberg's signs were negative. Lower limbs: no oedema or signs of deep vein thrombosis. Complementary tests: complete blood analysis with normal haemogram, normal biochemistry, normal coagulation. In addition, systematic urine analysis with negative gestational tests. Echo-CT scan of the abdomen was requested: a complex cystic lesion in the subcapsular periphery of segment VI of about 6.5 cm in diameter, rounded morphology, with a thin, enhanced wall and no solutions of continuity, with the presence in the ultrasound study of fine echogenic content in suspension, as well as an echogenic and folded undulating band compatible with intraluminal membrane. It is associated with thickening of the anterior pararenal fascia and ipsilateral lateroconal fascia, with adjacent fatty reticulation, findings considered inflammatory-reactive by neighbourhood. Taken together these findings suggest a liver cyst, possibly hydatid, complicated with sustained rupture. Family and Community Approach Lives with her husband and son. Native of Italy. Has lived in Spain for 20 years. Lower-middle socio-economic status. She has lived with a dog for a year and has been vaccinated and dewormed. Clinical judgement (list of problems, referential diagnosis) Clinical judgement: Subacute abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium probably related to complex liver cyst with contained rupture. Differential diagnosis: Simple liver cyst; Hydatid cyst; Hamartoma of the biliary ductus; Caroli's disease; Embryonal hepatic sarcoma; Biliary cystadenocarcinoma; Hepatic abscess; Cystic metastases; Hepatocellular adneoma. Action plan In the emergency department, given the patient's symptoms, it was decided to request an abdominal CT-echo to identify the origin of the pain and the mass on examination. Evolution In the ED, blood and urine tests were normal. Abdominal CT-echo findings suggested a liver cyst, possibly hydatid, complicated with contained rupture. For all these reasons, a referral was made to General Surgery, which rejected urgent surgery, so it was decided to refer the patient to the Digestive System for study and identification of the cyst. It was decided to start treatment with Albendazole 400mg/12 hours for one month and to request complete blood tests with normal liver biochemistry, CRP, Ca19.9, CEA and haemogram, as well as AFP, HIV, HBV, HCV and negative Echinococcus serology; in addition to a CT scan of the abdomen C/C TRIPHASIC in August 2017 which showed a decrease in the size of the cystic lesion and where it was not possible to differentiate whether it was a simple biliary cyst or a hydatid cyst. In January 2018, a complete serology was again requested and was negative for Echinococcus. During all this time the patient has not presented pain. Therefore, the diagnosis is simple hepatic cyst.
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en
This is a 63-year-old male, with multiple cardiovascular risk factors (arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus on treatment with oral antidiabetics, dyslipidaemia and obesity), COPD, chronic kidney disease with baseline creatinine of 1.2 mg/dl and permanent atrial fibrillation, who was admitted to our centre in May 2018 in cardiogenic shock requiring vasoactive support and non-invasive mechanical ventilation. The patient had dilated cardiomyopathy of probable enolic origin, with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an estimated left ventricular ejection fraction of 20%, with implantation of a single-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator as primary prevention in 2003. The admission echocardiogram showed severe aortic stenosis and double mitral lesion with moderate insufficiency and mild stenosis of probable rheumatic origin with significant calcification of the leaflets. Given the patient's situation and personal history (EuroScore II 19.35%), it was decided to implant a 29 mm Edwards SapienTM transcatheter aortic prosthesis via the transfemoral route by the interventional cardiology team, and percutaneous treatment of the mitral valve was ruled out at the same surgical time. The post-implantation echocardiogram showed a normofunctioning aortic prosthesis with a mean transprosthetic gradient of 5 mm Hg and mitral regurgitation unchanged from the preoperative echocardiogram. Four months after the procedure, the patient was readmitted to our centre for multiple inappropriate shocks of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator, accompanied by fever and chills. We analysed the device data, and observed multiple episodes of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, most of which ended with a shock, and which were undetected by the patient. All episodes were preceded by marked bradycardia requiring pacemaker pacing. Pacemaker pacing was increased to a minimum heart rate of 75 bpm and blood cultures were drawn and tested positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis. Given these results, the persistence of fever and elevated acute phase reactants and the history of TAVI implantation, infective endocarditis was suspected and a transesophageal echocardiogram was performed. The echocardiogram showed a large hypoechoic vegetation measuring 4.3 × 1.9 cm, with a deflected irregular border extending from 1 cm below the valve plane to 3 cm above the valve plane, filling most of the TAVI stent and causing the prosthesis to behave as a moderate-severe stenosis with a peak gradient of 38 mm Hg without insufficiency. The mitral valve had extensive degenerative changes, with severe calcification of the leaflets and subvalvular apparatus, and a severe central insufficiency jet. Antibiotic treatment with daptomycin and fosfocimin was started and the case was discussed in a medical-surgical session. Given the lack of clinical and echocardiographic improvement, surgery was decided. During surgery, large vegetations were observed on the ventricular and aortic side of the prosthesis. The TAVI was explanted and an aortic valve replacement with a 25 mm Magna Ease biological aortic prosthesis was performed. In addition, a mitral valve replacement with a 25 mm Magna Ease biological prosthesis was performed. The explanted prosthesis was analysed microscopically with Gram stain, where gram-positive cocci were observed in clusters, and cultures of the prosthesis were positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis. Subsequently, the patient had a good postoperative evolution, with no associated complications, and was discharged from hospital after completing the 5-week course of antibiotic treatment.
[ "This", "is", "a", "63-year-old", "male", ",", "with", "multiple", "cardiovascular", "risk", "factors", "(", "arterial", "hypertension", ",", "type", "2", "diabetes", "mellitus", "on", "treatment", "with", "oral", "antidiabetics", ",", "dyslipidaemia", "and", "obesity", ")", ",", "COPD", ",", "chronic", "kidney", "disease", "with", "baseline", "creatinine", "of", "1", ".", "2", "mg", "/", "dl", "and", "permanent", "atrial", "fibrillation", ",", "who", "was", "admitted", "to", "our", "centre", "in", "May", "2018", "in", "cardiogenic", "shock", "requiring", "vasoactive", "support", "and", "non-invasive", "mechanical", "ventilation", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "dilated", "cardiomyopathy", "of", "probable", "enolic", "origin", ",", "with", "severe", "left", "ventricular", "systolic", "dysfunction", "with", "an", "estimated", "left", "ventricular", "ejection", "fraction", "of", "20", "%", ",", "with", "implantation", "of", "a", "single-chamber", "implantable", "cardioverter", "defibrillator", "as", "primary", "prevention", "in", "2003", ".", "The", "admission", "echocardiogram", "showed", "severe", "aortic", "stenosis", "and", "double", "mitral", "lesion", "with", "moderate", "insufficiency", "and", "mild", "stenosis", "of", "probable", "rheumatic", "origin", "with", "significant", "calcification", "of", "the", "leaflets", ".", "Given", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "situation", "and", "personal", "history", "(", "EuroScore", "II", "19", ".", "35", "%", ")", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "implant", "a", "29", "mm", "Edwards", "SapienTM", "transcatheter", "aortic", "prosthesis", "via", "the", "transfemoral", "route", "by", "the", "interventional", "cardiology", "team", ",", "and", "percutaneous", "treatment", "of", "the", "mitral", "valve", "was", "ruled", "out", "at", "the", "same", "surgical", "time", ".", "The", "post-implantation", "echocardiogram", "showed", "a", "normofunctioning", "aortic", "prosthesis", "with", "a", "mean", "transprosthetic", "gradient", "of", "5", "mm", "Hg", "and", "mitral", "regurgitation", "unchanged", "from", "the", "preoperative", "echocardiogram", ".", "Four", "months", "after", "the", "procedure", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "readmitted", "to", "our", "centre", "for", "multiple", "inappropriate", "shocks", "of", "the", "implantable", "cardioverter", "defibrillator", ",", "accompanied", "by", "fever", "and", "chills", ".", "We", "analysed", "the", "device", "data", ",", "and", "observed", "multiple", "episodes", "of", "polymorphic", "ventricular", "tachycardia", ",", "most", "of", "which", "ended", "with", "a", "shock", ",", "and", "which", "were", "undetected", "by", "the", "patient", ".", "All", "episodes", "were", "preceded", "by", "marked", "bradycardia", "requiring", "pacemaker", "pacing", ".", "Pacemaker", "pacing", "was", "increased", "to", "a", "minimum", "heart", "rate", "of", "75", "bpm", "and", "blood", "cultures", "were", "drawn", "and", "tested", "positive", "for", "Staphylococcus", "epidermidis", ".", "Given", "these", "results", ",", "the", "persistence", "of", "fever", "and", "elevated", "acute", "phase", "reactants", "and", "the", "history", "of", "TAVI", "implantation", ",", "infective", "endocarditis", "was", "suspected", "and", "a", "transesophageal", "echocardiogram", "was", "performed", ".", "The", "echocardiogram", "showed", "a", "large", "hypoechoic", "vegetation", "measuring", "4", ".", "3", "×", "1", ".", "9", "cm", ",", "with", "a", "deflected", "irregular", "border", "extending", "from", "1", "cm", "below", "the", "valve", "plane", "to", "3", "cm", "above", "the", "valve", "plane", ",", "filling", "most", "of", "the", "TAVI", "stent", "and", "causing", "the", "prosthesis", "to", "behave", "as", "a", "moderate-severe", "stenosis", "with", "a", "peak", "gradient", "of", "38", "mm", "Hg", "without", "insufficiency", ".", "The", "mitral", "valve", "had", "extensive", "degenerative", "changes", ",", "with", "severe", "calcification", "of", "the", "leaflets", "and", "subvalvular", "apparatus", ",", "and", "a", "severe", "central", "insufficiency", "jet", ".", "Antibiotic", "treatment", "with", "daptomycin", "and", "fosfocimin", "was", "started", "and", "the", "case", "was", "discussed", "in", "a", "medical-surgical", "session", ".", "Given", "the", "lack", "of", "clinical", "and", "echocardiographic", "improvement", ",", "surgery", "was", "decided", ".", "During", "surgery", ",", "large", "vegetations", "were", "observed", "on", "the", "ventricular", "and", "aortic", "side", "of", "the", "prosthesis", ".", "The", "TAVI", "was", "explanted", "and", "an", "aortic", "valve", "replacement", "with", "a", "25", "mm", "Magna", "Ease", "biological", "aortic", "prosthesis", "was", "performed", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "a", "mitral", "valve", "replacement", "with", "a", "25", "mm", "Magna", "Ease", "biological", "prosthesis", "was", "performed", ".", "The", "explanted", "prosthesis", "was", "analysed", "microscopically", "with", "Gram", "stain", ",", "where", "gram-positive", "cocci", "were", "observed", "in", "clusters", ",", "and", "cultures", "of", "the", "prosthesis", "were", "positive", "for", "Staphylococcus", "epidermidis", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "a", "good", "postoperative", "evolution", ",", "with", "no", "associated", "complications", ",", "and", "was", "discharged", "from", "hospital", "after", "completing", "the", "5-week", "course", "of", "antibiotic", "treatment", "." ]
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en
A 63-year-old man with no psychiatric history was admitted to hospital with bilateral pneumonia and a positive PCR test for COVID-19 (30 March 2020) and was diagnosed with COVID-19. He also presented with delirium during hospitalisation, which improved in parallel with the respiratory disorder, leading to the patient's discharge (8 April 2020). Outpatient treatment with risperidone 2mg per day was maintained, but the extravagant delirium and incoherent speech and thinking did not abate, even after adjustment of the antipsychotic treatment, so the patient was sent back to hospital (15 April 2020). On this second admission, a new COVID-19 PCR test was performed, with a positive result. The respiratory examination was normal. Increased D-dimer concentration was detected in blood tests; a CT angiography showed a low risk of pulmonary thromboembolism, which was considered to be associated with COVID-19 and treated with anticoagulants. At the first psychiatric evaluation, the patient reported ideas of changes in his body, such as the absence of an anus, which is why he decided not to eat anything and thus avoid exploding. Attention and orientation to fluctuating time and space were initially noted, but without other usual features of delirium. A cranial MRI with contrast revealed no relevant findings. Finally a diagnosis of psychotic disorder caused by another pathological process (COVID-19) was made, according to DSM-5 criteria. During the follow-up of the case by the psychiatric department, the content of the delusions changed (the patient explained that most of his relatives had died) and auditory and verbal hallucinations appeared. The dose of risperidone was adjusted over the next few days from 2.5 mg per day to up to 6 mg per day. By 30 April 2020, the patient had almost fully recovered, with no delusions or hallucinations and was conscious about his previous psychotic symptoms, so he was discharged and referred to his outpatient psychiatric unit for follow-up.
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Male, 33 years old, single, graduated in optics, who lives with his mother. He has worked in various jobs, having spent a maximum of three years in the same job, and has been working in a warehouse for the last month. He has no personal history of interest except for traumatological problems such as two sprains. Her father was diabetic and died of a myocardial infarction. His mother lives healthy. He has 3 siblings with a predominance of excessive drug use, one of them is a heavy user of cannabis and another one of alcohol and cocaine. His sister does not use drugs. His previous personality is dominated by introversion traits, insecurity, with difficulty in establishing friendships but with a desire to establish them and with long-lasting and close interpersonal relationships. He has no relationship with a partner. The patient reports that he has always avoided talking in front of crowds or strangers, although he had no problems talking to his friends. In front of strangers he feels anxious and starts to stammer or experience intense sweating. He does not report fear of different social situations. Has had a variety of work activities. Usually in two types of jobs, sometimes in warehouses where he only had contact with co-workers and which he does not value as anxiogenic and other times as a shop assistant in opticians' shops where he has had difficulties working in front of the public. The first time she worked as a shop assistant in an optician's shop she was 28 years old. She experienced this situation with intense anxiety. He had a lot of customers and stuttered in front of them. This led him to make a self-harming attempt and subsequently quit his job. Two years later he went back to work in another optician's shop, also as a shop assistant, but with less customer pressure, despite which he noticed intense sweating and also left that job because of the anguish caused. She was treated at her mental health centre with benzodiazepines and her condition improved. Subsequently, he worked for three years in a warehouse without any difficulties at work, he even considers that he performed the job adequately and was expecting a promotion but, unexpectedly, he was dismissed without it being attributable, according to his comments, to labour conflicts or poor performance. After the dismissal, he became depressed in relation to this situation, which improved after a few months. He is currently working in another warehouse and has been taking prescribed escitalopram for the last two months for his anxiety symptoms, which he now considers to be not very limiting. With regard to his toxicological history, he started using hashish when he was 17 years old, at weekends with his friends. For about 8 years he has been using daily, changing hashish for marijuana, initially in the amount of about 2 cigarettes a day, in the afternoons at home, to relax. He says that at that time he was already using to calm down in relation to the anxiety caused by his first job. The period of heaviest consumption occurred at the age of 28, coinciding with her work as a shop assistant, where she consumed 5-6 cigarettes a day, starting to smoke in the morning, observing an improvement in the anxiety she had, but it was not enough to avoid the work problems described. About 2-3 years ago, she began treatment at a drug treatment centre, managing to reduce the dose consumed and have some period of abstinence, describing a mild withdrawal symptoms with insomnia and cravings. Currently, daily consumption persists but in smaller quantities. He comments that years ago he tried cocaine, LSD and ecstasy during some weekends when he went out with friends, but he did not like these drugs. He also acknowledges moderate alcohol consumption at weekends when he goes out with friends. He does not refer to legal problems associated with consumption, nor family problems, he comments that his mother has a very permissive attitude towards cannabis consumption. In the psychopathological examination, the stuttering stands out during the interview, which decreases in intensity throughout the interview, with no evidence of alterations in mood, sensory-perceptual or thought content. The patient is very cooperative and adequate during the examination.
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"because", "of", "the", "anguish", "caused", ".", "She", "was", "treated", "at", "her", "mental", "health", "centre", "with", "benzodiazepines", "and", "her", "condition", "improved", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "he", "worked", "for", "three", "years", "in", "a", "warehouse", "without", "any", "difficulties", "at", "work", ",", "he", "even", "considers", "that", "he", "performed", "the", "job", "adequately", "and", "was", "expecting", "a", "promotion", "but", ",", "unexpectedly", ",", "he", "was", "dismissed", "without", "it", "being", "attributable", ",", "according", "to", "his", "comments", ",", "to", "labour", "conflicts", "or", "poor", "performance", ".", "After", "the", "dismissal", ",", "he", "became", "depressed", "in", "relation", "to", "this", "situation", ",", "which", "improved", "after", "a", "few", "months", ".", "He", "is", "currently", "working", "in", "another", "warehouse", "and", "has", "been", "taking", "prescribed", "escitalopram", "for", "the", "last", "two", "months", "for", "his", "anxiety", "symptoms", ",", "which", "he", "now", "considers", "to", "be", "not", "very", "limiting", ".", "With", "regard", "to", "his", "toxicological", "history", ",", "he", "started", "using", "hashish", "when", "he", "was", "17", "years", "old", ",", "at", "weekends", "with", "his", "friends", ".", "For", "about", "8", "years", "he", "has", "been", "using", "daily", ",", "changing", "hashish", "for", "marijuana", ",", "initially", "in", "the", "amount", "of", "about", "2", "cigarettes", "a", "day", ",", "in", "the", "afternoons", "at", "home", ",", "to", "relax", ".", "He", "says", "that", "at", "that", "time", "he", "was", "already", "using", "to", "calm", "down", "in", "relation", "to", "the", "anxiety", "caused", "by", "his", "first", "job", ".", "The", "period", "of", "heaviest", "consumption", "occurred", "at", "the", "age", "of", "28", ",", "coinciding", "with", "her", "work", "as", "a", "shop", "assistant", ",", "where", "she", "consumed", "5-6", 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en
Juana is a 48 year old patient who consulted us because she had been suffering from generalised pruritus for a month. She explained that she had been on holiday in a mountainous area in South America, where she started to develop small, very pruritic lesions on both arms. As she had so much itching, she was visited and the symptoms were diagnosed as mosquito bites. Treatment with topical corticosteroids was then started. Despite treatment, the patient still had pruritus and more lesions had appeared. We questioned the patient again about her trip and she explained that it had been an adventure trip, and that she had slept many nights in mountain refuges, in beds that had been prepared. We also asked about her symptoms and she told us that she can still stand the itching during the day, but at night she cannot stop scratching, which has prevented her from resting well for many days. He has lesions on his arms and buttocks, many with excoriations secondary to scratching, and he also has lesions on his legs and hands. There are no lesions on the head or neck. This is typical of scabies in adults, it respects palms, soles and head. In some patients very characteristic interdigital lesions such as the acarine furrow can be seen. In children there may be cephalic involvement as well as vesicles and/or pustules on palms and soles. Diagnosis is clinical. If we want to make a diagnostic test, we could use the Müller test, which consists of visualising the mites under the microscope. We could also use the dermatoscope: sometimes a delta wing lesion can be visualised. Well, at this point I think it is clear that we suspect scabies in this patient, both because of the history of having slept in a shared shelter, and because of the lesions and the predominantly nocturnal pruritus she presents. The treatment of choice is permethrin 5%, one application at the present time and a second application after 7 days. Treatment is not recommended for children under two months of age. Although it may seem that by treating the affected person the case is solved, this is not the case. A very important part of the treatment consists of eliminating the mite from clothing and fabrics that have been in contact with the affected person. For this purpose, as much clothing as possible should be washed at 60oC. If this is not possible, the recommendation is to put them in dark plastic bags, tightly closed, and keep them for 1 week, so that the mite dies. If we still have a sofa or mattress where we cannot use either of the two previous treatments, we can use insecticide sprays (Grade C recommendation).
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en